@article {pmid40502935, year = {2025}, author = {Chen, K and Weng, R and Li, J and Wu, H and Tie, X and Li, H and Zhang, Y}, title = {Dual threat: Susceptibility mechanisms and treatment strategies for COVID-19 and bacterial co-infections.}, journal = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {2107-2122}, pmid = {40502935}, issn = {2001-0370}, abstract = {COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide, posing significant challenges to public health systems. This review offers an in-depth examination of the mechanisms underlying susceptibility and associated clinical features, and treatment strategies associated with bacterial co-infections in COVID-19 patients. A structured review of the literature revealed that the overall rate of bacterial co-infection among COVID-19 patients is relatively low (6.9 %). However, the rate increases significantly in severe cases (8.1 %) and reaches as high as 23.5 % among ICU patients. Common pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Klebsiella species. These co-infections contribute to increased disease severity, complicate treatment, and elevate the risk of mortality. Meanwhile, the widespread use of antibiotics has further intensified antimicrobial resistance. In terms of clinical management, we propose the "Four Antis and Two Balances" approach, which includes antiviral therapy, anti-shock treatment, prevention of hypoxia, control of secondary infections, as well as maintaining electrolyte/acid-base balance and microecological stability. Emerging therapeutic strategies include antiviral agents, immunomodulators, artificial liver support systems, and cell-based therapies. Public health policy recommendations focus on antimicrobial stewardship programs, biomarker-guided antibiotic use, and investment in rapid diagnostic technologies. Elucidating the immunological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions will be essential for advancing more targeted intervention strategies. This review provides evidence-based guidance for clinicians in the management of COVID-19 cases complicated by bacterial co-infections, and provides valuable insights for public health policy in addressing the dual challenge of COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance.}, }
@article {pmid40501514, year = {2025}, author = {Yacoub, A and Atalla, M and Hasnaoui, A and Ramdass, PVAK}, title = {Evans Syndrome and COVID-19 Infection or Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Case Reports.}, journal = {Journal of hematology}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {109-123}, pmid = {40501514}, issn = {1927-1220}, abstract = {Evans syndrome (ES) is an autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology characterized by autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). In this systematic review, we analyzed the reported cases of ES secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or COVID-19 vaccination. We examined their clinical presentation, temporality between events, diagnostics tests, and treatment regimens. Our search in four databases from December 2019 to September 2023 yielded 16 case reports that met eligibility criteria for inclusion. COVID-19 and ES symptoms were defined to assess the timeline between infection/vaccination and ES onset. Finally, treatment efficacy was categorized as complete, partial, or no response based on standard hematological criteria. Eleven cases of ES were associated with COVID-19 infection, and five cases of ES were associated with COVID-19 vaccination. All 16 cases presented with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a positive Coombs test. Four of the five patients from the vaccination subset were found to have an additional autoimmune disease as a comorbidity on presentation. For cases of ES secondary to COVID-19 infection, six patients had concomitant symptoms of COVID-19 and ES on presentation, and four patients had ES symptoms occurring from 5 days to 3 weeks following COVID-19 infection. The remaining case presented a patient with a 3-week history of ES symptoms before a positive COVID-19 test and further ES workup on admission. For the five cases of ES post-COVID-19 vaccination, all five patients presented with ES with a mean presentation time of 9 days following vaccination. Regarding treatment, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) emerged as the primary regimen, administered in 13 out of the 16 cases. Among the infection-related cases, the most frequent treatment outcome was a partial response in both AIHA and ITP, observed in five of the 11 patients. In the vaccination-related cases, a partial response for AIHA and a complete response for ITP were noted in three of the five patients. Overall, while the evidence points to a temporal association especially between COVID-19 vaccination and the onset of ES, larger studies are necessary to strengthen these findings. In terms of management, early initiation of corticosteroids and IVIG appears effective as first-line therapies; however, standardized treatment protocols are needed to help reduce complications associated with COVID-19-related ES.}, }
@article {pmid40501150, year = {2025}, author = {Atraszkiewicz, D and Shakir, T and Harrington, C and Bassett, P and Soile, B and Mukhtar, H}, title = {Preoperative anastomotic evaluation prior to ileostomy closure: A 5-year UK survey, systematic review, and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland}, volume = {27}, number = {6}, pages = {e70137}, pmid = {40501150}, issn = {1463-1318}, mesh = {Humans ; *Ileostomy/methods/adverse effects ; United Kingdom ; *Anastomosis, Surgical/methods/adverse effects ; *Preoperative Care/methods/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics &amp; numerical data ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Enema/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Colorectal Surgery/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {AIM: To compare current UK surgical practice against evidence-based anastomotic evaluation techniques prior to ileostomy closure.<br><br>METHODS: An online survey was distributed to UK consultant colorectal surgeons with Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland affiliation to assess preoperative investigations. Data were collected at two timepoints: 2019 and 2024. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed utilising PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and Education Resources Information Center databases were evaluated from inception to 27 March 2024. Inclusion criteria were adult patients (&#x2265;18&#x2009;years), distal colonic/pelvic anastomosis and defunctioning ileostomy reversal. ROBINS-I bias assessments were conducted. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects analyses were performed on eligible sensitivity and specificity data with forest plots generated.<br><br>PROSPERO ID: CRD42024520236.<br><br>RESULTS: The survey received 221 (41.0%) and 212 (40.7%) responses in 2019 and 2024 respectively. Pre- and post-pandemic practice was consistent. Water-soluble contrast enema (WCE) and digital rectal examination (DRE) were the most utilised, performed 'always' by 83.2% and 78.7% respectively. Thirty-seven studies (5061 patients) were included for systematic review; 12 studies (1385 patients) for meta-analysis. Studies were heterogeneous in methodology; no randomised controlled trials were identified. Endoscopy showed higher sensitivity (73.1%) compared to retrograde contrast studies (WCE and pouchography; 53.1%) in identifying anastomotic leaks. Specificity was similar: 100% and 98.0% respectively. Significant heterogeneity and a lack of eligible studies limited further interpretation. CT has a limited evidence base for anastomotic evaluation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The most commonly performed anastomotic evaluation methods in the UK are WCE and DRE. Endoscopy, however, has a greater sensitivity and specificity for identifying anastomotic complications. WCE is an effective option to confirm suspected leaks. Endoscopy should be considered to evaluate anastomotic integrity prior to ileostomy closure.}, }
@article {pmid40500571, year = {2025}, author = {Arévalo-Cañas, C and Arévalo-Serrano, J and de Mon-Soto, M&#xc1;}, title = {First case of lupus induced by the Shingrix vaccine: a case report and literature review.}, journal = {Clinical rheumatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40500571}, issn = {1434-9949}, abstract = {The recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) was recently approved for the prevention of herpes zoster reactivation in adults aged ≥ 50 years. While its effectiveness has been widely demonstrated, its safety profile and potential adverse effects remain uncertain. We report the first case of lupus induced by the Shingrix vaccine. An 85-year-old woman was evaluated in the hospital due to a pleuropericarditis with pleural and pericardial effusion. Test for anti-nuclear antibody was positive at a titer of 1:640 with a homogeneous pattern, as well as for IgG anti-cardiolipin antibodies. Infectious or malignant etiologies were excluded. A diagnosis of Shingrix vaccine-induced lupus was suspected, and a short course of prednisone was initiated. The patient's symptoms resolved within the first two months, and after one year of follow-up, both the antinuclear and anti-cardiolipin IgG antibodies were negative. Although many drug categories have been associated with the development of drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE), it remains unclear whether vaccine-induced immune system upregulation could trigger the onset of systemic lupus. However, particularly after the introduction of the SARS-CoV2 vaccine, cases of cutaneous and systemic lupus induced by vaccines have been reported, and the serological pattern appears to be different from that observed in drug-induced lupus. Our case details a critical adverse effect observed in a patient who received the zoster vaccine. This finding is particularly relevant given the ongoing widespread vaccination campaigns and the global public health implications. Vaccine-induced lupus should be suspected following vaccination in the presence of cutaneous or systemic lupus symptoms, particularly serositis or renal involvement, when no other cause can be identified. The diagnosis is supported by positive antinuclear antibodies and other laboratory abnormalities, such as decreased complement levels or positivity for other antibodies, including antiphospholipid antibodies. Key Points • The varicella-zoster vaccine will be administered to a large percentage of the population, which could lead to an increase in adverse effects that have not yet been described. This article reports the first documented case of lupus induced by the varicella-zoster vaccine. • The diagnosis of Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE) requires a low threshold of suspicion. • Clinical manifestations in DILE are usually milder, and it often presents with general symptoms, arthralgia, serositis, and hematologic abnormalities. • The autoimmune profile of vaccine-induced lupus appears to differ from that of drug-induced lupus, being characterized by a higher frequency of positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antiphospholipid antibodies, and hypocomplementemia, with a lower prevalence of anti-histone antibodies.}, }
@article {pmid40174494, year = {2025}, author = {O'Reilly, KM and Wade, MJ and Farkas, K and Amman, F and Lison, A and Munday, JD and Bingham, J and Mthombothi, ZE and Fang, Z and Brown, CS and Kao, RR and Danon, L}, title = {Analysis insights to support the use of wastewater and environmental surveillance data for infectious diseases and pandemic preparedness.}, journal = {Epidemics}, volume = {51}, number = {}, pages = {100825}, doi = {10.1016/j.epidem.2025.100825}, pmid = {40174494}, issn = {1878-0067}, mesh = {Humans ; *Wastewater/virology/microbiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; Sewage/virology ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Pandemic Preparedness ; }, abstract = {Wastewater-based epidemiology is the detection of pathogens from sewage systems and the interpretation of these data to improve public health. Its use has increased in scope since 2020, when it was demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be successfully extracted from the wastewater of affected populations. In this Perspective we provide an overview of recent advances in pathogen detection within wastewater, propose a framework for identifying the utility of wastewater sampling for pathogen detection and suggest areas where analytics require development. Ensuring that both data collection and analysis are tailored towards key questions at different stages of an epidemic will improve the inference made. For analyses to be useful we require methods to determine the absence of infection, early detection of infection, reliably estimate epidemic trajectories and prevalence, and detect novel variants without reliance on consensus sequences. This research area has included many innovations that have improved the interpretation of collected data and we are optimistic that innovation will continue in the future.}, }
@article {pmid40498907, year = {2025}, author = {Sadigurschi, G and Kuschnir, MCC and Dos Santos, EAP and da Silva, BRA and Marques, CMC and de Andrade, RC and Vianna, CM and de Barros, DG and Mazzi, MT and Lago, EA and Dos Santos, EM and Maia, MLS}, title = {Challenges in developing new tuberculosis vaccines.}, journal = {Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz}, volume = {120}, number = {}, pages = {e240236}, pmid = {40498907}, issn = {1678-8060}, mesh = {Humans ; *Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology ; *Vaccine Development ; *Tuberculosis/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; BCG Vaccine/immunology ; *Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology ; }, abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and curable disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2022, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO), TB was the second leading cause of death worldwide caused by a single infectious agent, after coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Brazil is ranked among the 30 countries with the highest TB burden. Currently, the neonatal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine against TB and offers significant efficacy against disseminated and meningeal disease in children. However, BCG has a limited efficacy in preventing adult-type cavitary TB, reinforcing the need for a new effective vaccine against pulmonary TB. There are currently over 22 TB vaccines under evaluation in clinical trials worldwide. Despite significant advancements, several challenges persist in developing and producing an effective TB vaccine. These include understanding the immune mechanisms that confer protection against M. tuberculosis, identifying immune correlates of protection, defining immune responses in BCG-vaccinated individuals, establishing efficacy endpoints for TB vaccine trials, and ensuring vaccine safety and effectiveness in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), among other obstacles. Therefore, this study aims to explore the key obstacles in developing new TB vaccines and potential strategies to overcome them.}, }
@article {pmid40497942, year = {2025}, author = {Webb, CE and Vautrinot, J and Hers, I}, title = {IL-6 as a Mediator of Platelet Hyper-Responsiveness.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {14}, number = {11}, pages = {}, pmid = {40497942}, issn = {2073-4409}, support = {FS/4yPhD/F/21/34162/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; SP/F/21/150023/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; BB/X017176/1//Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Interleukin-6/metabolism ; *Blood Platelets/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; Signal Transduction ; Thrombopoiesis ; Animals ; Platelet Activation ; Megakaryocytes/metabolism ; Thrombosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with critical roles in immune regulation, inflammation, and haematopoiesis. While its functions in host defence and tissue repair are well established, accumulating evidence suggests that IL-6 also can directly and indirectly modulate megakaryocyte and platelet biology. This review examines the mechanistic basis supporting IL-6-mediated platelet hyper-responsiveness, in addition to its effect on megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis in thromboinflammatory disease states. We discuss how IL-6-mediated trans-signalling may sensitizes platelets to activation, and that this may be exclusive to glycoprotein VI (GPVI) stimulation due to Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer 2 crosstalk, in addition to other mechanisms that may contribute to priming platelets. We further highlight clinical evidence linking IL-6 to thrombotic complications in cardiovascular disease and infection (e.g., COVID-19 and sepsis). Given the emerging interest in IL-6-targeting therapies as anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic agents, a thorough understanding of how IL-6 can drive platelet responsiveness is crucial.}, }
@article {pmid40497938, year = {2025}, author = {Batista, JC and DeAntonio, R and López-Vergès, S}, title = {Dynamics of Innate Immunity in SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Exploring the Impact of Natural Killer Cells, Inflammatory Responses, Viral Evasion Strategies, and Severity.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {14}, number = {11}, pages = {}, pmid = {40497938}, issn = {2073-4409}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/pathology ; *Immunity, Innate/immunology ; *Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Inflammation/immunology ; *Immune Evasion ; Severity of Illness Index ; Cytokines/metabolism/immunology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had a profound impact on global health, with nearly 800 million cases reported in the Americas alone. The clinical presentation of the disease is highly variable, with approximately half of all patients experiencing severe symptoms. This variability confounds the complex interplay between immune responses and disease severity. Severe cases are often characterized by elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines. Over 88% of COVID-19 patients have multiple comorbidities; factors such as age and pre-existing conditions further modulate immune responses and contribute to the severity of the disease. While some studies have reported differences in cytokine profiles between severity groups, larger, well-designed cohorts are needed to clarify these relationships. Natural Killer cells, which are critical for the innate immune response against SARS-CoV-2, are often impaired and contribute to immune exhaustion. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 evades innate immune defenses through accessory proteins that inhibit interferon signaling and exacerbate cytokine storms and inflammation. This integrative review aims to synthesize findings from 2020 onward and provide insights into the innate immune responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 and their contributions to disease pathogenesis. Understanding cytokine dynamics, NK cell behaviors, and viral immune evasion strategies is critical for advancing therapeutic approaches.}, }
@article {pmid40497110, year = {2025}, author = {Aporosa, SA and Itoga, D and Ioane, J and Prosser, J and Vaka, S and Grout, E and Atkins, MJ and Head, MA and Baker, JD and Blue, T and Sanday, DH and Owen, MW and Murray, C and Sivanathan, K and Cuthers, TW and Mesui-Henry, A and McCarthy, MJ and Bunn, J and Waqainabete, I and Turner, H}, title = {Innovating through tradition: kava-talanoa as a culturally aligned medico-behavioral therapeutic approach to amelioration of PTSD symptoms.}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1460731}, pmid = {40497110}, issn = {1664-1078}, support = {R15 DA051749/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {Levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), trauma-related distress, and subsyndromal PTSD, (here "PTS") among combat soldiers and first responders are of international concern. In the broader population, a PTS global epidemic is attending trauma associated with the threatscape of the Anthropocene (increased extreme weather events, natural disasters, conflict, rising poverty, emerging infectious disease) as well as the legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic. PTS is also a health economic burden, with costs associated with treatment, long-term morbidity, and increased risk of mortality. In the Pacific region, rising PTS is associated with the existential threat of climate change and the economic and social legacy of colonization. There is an unmet therapeutic need for improved and culturally aligned PTS therapies in the Pacific and beyond. Medical standards of care for anxiety/PTS typically involve psychotropic interventions such as benzodiazepines (BDZ), tricyclic anti-depressants and anti-psychotic medications which have addictive potential, are only effective in the short term, are contraindicated for key populations such as the elderly and have significantly problematic track records in indigenous populations. Moreover, systemic racism both drives PTS in indigenous and other marginalized populations and limits the efficacy in such populations of conventional PTS therapies which are not culturally relevant or informed. Here, we describe the development of a novel, but traditionally grounded, approach to PTSD symptomatology in the context of Pacific populations. This approach has two elements: kava is a culturally significant Pacific drink used traditionally and in cultural practice, as a relaxant, to promote dialog in group settings, to aid in sleep and to manage anxiety. Its anxiolytic and sedative properties may link to the presence of kavalactones which are putative low potency γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ligands. Talanoa is a dialog practice common to most Pacific cultures. Our core hypothesis is that, combined, kava-talanoa will outperform current standards of care in PTSD symptom management as a culturally augmented cognitive-behavioral group therapy intervention. In this paper we review supporting literature, describe kava-talanoa pilot study findings and planned clinical trials, discuss important open questions, and present recommendations for broad-based transcultural applicability of this approach to global PTS burdens.}, }
@article {pmid40496907, year = {2024}, author = {Gotum, T and Keeratisiroj, O and Jariya, W}, title = {Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms from online learning during the COVID-19 epidemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {F1000Research}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {790}, pmid = {40496907}, issn = {2046-1402}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Education, Distance ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Young Adult ; *Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology ; Students ; Middle Aged ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: The objective of this research was to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in online students.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, CINAHL plus with full text, and Wiley InterScience databases. A total of 3,749 studies were identified between January 2020 and December 2023. The Joanna Briggs Tool for studies reporting prevalence was used to assess the quality of studies. Jamovi 2.4 was used in the meta-analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Sixteen studies were included and used for the meta-analysis. The average age of participants was 22 years, with an age range of 17-45 years. There were 6 studies of high quality, 9 studies of medium quality and 1 study of low quality. The areas with the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal pain were the neck (51%, 95% CI = 36-66%), lower back (51%, 95% CI = 42-59%) and shoulder (36%, 95% CI = 26-47%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a potential factor influencing musculoskeletal pain in students. Educational institutions should study the duration of online learning that begins to impact student injury outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40496592, year = {2025}, author = {E-Fatima, J and Khan, FI and Lai, D}, title = {Exploring serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1: A promising target for COVID-19 and atrial fibrillation treatment.}, journal = {Heart rhythm O2}, volume = {6}, number = {5}, pages = {720-732}, pmid = {40496592}, issn = {2666-5018}, abstract = {Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that is involved in various cellular pathways, such as ion transport, cell survival, proliferation, and immune responses. Dysregulation of this enzyme is increasingly being associated with the progression of 2 prominent types of diseases, namely viral infections, such as COVID-19, and cardiovascular disorders, such as atrial fibrillation (AF), positioning it as a potential therapeutic target. With regard to coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), SGK1 detrimentally affects inflammatory pathways and modulates the cytokine storm, leading to lung tissue damage. Considering this dysregulation, researchers are exploring SGK1 inhibition as a potential strategy for mitigating severe COVID-19 outcomes. SGK1 also regulates pumps and ion channels, significantly affecting cardiac performance in AF. This protein is responsible for promoting fibrosis and inflammation in the cardiac tissue, making it a potential target for reducing atrial fibrillation. SGK1 inhibition offers a new avenue for therapeutic targets against both COVID-19 and AF. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of SGK1 dysregulation in both diseases, underscoring the urgent need for more preclinical and clinical trials to evaluate effective SGK1 inhibitors for patients with coexisting COVID-19 and AF.}, }
@article {pmid40496528, year = {2024}, author = {Akbari, B and Wang, JM and Baghaei-Yazdi, N and Lahooti, H and Sherman, JH}, title = {Systems Thinking, Causal Loop Diagram, and Systems Dynamic in Public Health Challenges: Navigating Long COVID Syndrome and Sense of Smell in LGBTQIA+ Communities.}, journal = {Public health challenges}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {e70004}, pmid = {40496528}, issn = {2769-2450}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus pandemic has profoundly affected global health, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. Despite these challenges, significant gaps in data remain, particularly in effectively assessing and engaging diverse communities such as color, LGBTQIA+ individuals, and low-income groups. This shortage of comprehensive research limits our capacity to undertake sensitive studies, specifically in dealing with the complexities of long COVID, which some individuals continue to suffer from after their initial recovery.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This review delves into the ongoing repercussions of long-term COVID-19, a postinfectious syndrome marked by neurological symptoms such as cognitive deficits and sensory impairments, which may last well beyond the acute phase of the illness. These symptoms frequently overlap with mental health issues (e.g., anxiety and depression), which can aggravate the socioeconomic challenges faced by vulnerable populations, especially within the LGBTQA+ communities.<br><br>METHODS: To tackle these complex interactions, we have introduced a novel public health framework: model-based systems thinking (MBST), which incorporates System Dynamics and causal loop diagrams (CLD).<br><br>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The articles were selected on the basis of their discussion of COVID-19-associated anosmia, exploration of olfactory dysfunction alongside neurocognitive disorders, and the challenges experienced in LGBQA+ communities. This approach offers a robust framework for dissecting the intricate ties between socioeconomic factors, health outcomes, and the extended recovery trajectories associated with long-term COVID-19, with a particular focus on olfactory dysfunction. We also explore strategies to make our models more accessible to healthcare providers and the LGBTQA+ communities, encouraging its broader adoption.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Long COVID's impact on public health and marginalized communities highlights the urgent need for adopting systems thinking models. Additionally, this article calls for a concerted effort from all experts to foster multidisciplinary, team-based research and implement effective support measures for COVID-19 survivors across all communities, mainly focusing on the scientific, social, and behavioral challenges LGBTQIA+ and low-income individuals face.}, }
@article {pmid39884292, year = {2025}, author = {Napolitano, A and Spiezia, L and Biolo, M and Radu, CM and Toffanin, S and Campello, E and Simioni, P}, title = {Anti-platelet Factor 4 Antibody-Mediated Disorders: An Updated Narrative Review.}, journal = {Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis}, volume = {51}, number = {5}, pages = {578-593}, doi = {10.1055/a-2528-5425}, pmid = {39884292}, issn = {1098-9064}, mesh = {Humans ; *Platelet Factor 4/immunology ; Heparin/adverse effects/immunology ; *Thrombocytopenia/immunology/chemically induced/therapy ; *Autoantibodies/immunology/blood ; Thrombosis/immunology ; COVID-19/immunology ; }, abstract = {Anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibody-mediated disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the presence of highly pathogenic immunoglobulins G directed against PF4 and/or PF4/heparin complexes. These antibodies are able to activate platelets, neutrophils, and monocytes, thus resulting in thrombocytopenia and a hypercoagulable state. Five different forms of anti-PF4 antibody-mediated disorders have been identified: (1) classic heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) mediated by heparin and certain polyanionic drugs; (2) autoimmune HIT characterized by the presence of anti-PFA/polyanion antibodies that can strongly activate platelets even in the absence of heparin; (3) spontaneous HIT characterized by thrombocytopenia and thrombosis without proximate exposure to heparin, with two subtypes: (a) post-total knee arthroplasty and cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and (b) postinfections; (4) vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) characterized by thrombocytopenia, arterial and venous thrombosis, or secondary hemorrhage after receiving adenoviral vector vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019; (5) VITT-like disorders triggered by adenoviral infections. Although extremely rare and largely unknown, there has been growing interest in the VITT syndrome in recent years due to its clinical relevance. Timely detection of these antibodies is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of anti-PF4 antibody-mediated disorders, via anti-PF4 antibody immunoassays using several antibody capture systems (e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based, particle gel, turbidimetry) and functional assays (e.g., serotonin release assay or heparin-induced platelet activation). We aimed to present the latest on laboratory findings, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic approaches for anti-PF4 antibody-mediated disorders.}, }
@article {pmid39868761, year = {2025}, author = {Duffy, EW and Poole, MK and Gonzalez, D and Petimar, J and Kinsey, EW and Shafer, PR and Baldwin-SoRelle, C and Austin, AE}, title = {Beyond Food Assistance: A Scoping Review Examining Associations of Nonfood Social Safety Net Programs in the United States With Food Insecurity and Nutrition Outcomes.}, journal = {Nutrition reviews}, volume = {83}, number = {7}, pages = {1344-1357}, doi = {10.1093/nutrit/nuae216}, pmid = {39868761}, issn = {1753-4887}, support = {//Cancer Health Disparities Training/ ; //Robert Wood Johnson Foundation/ ; T32 HL098048/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; /NH/NIH HHS/United States ; T32CA128582/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; //Healthy Eating Research/ ; /CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; //T32 Cancer Health Disparities Training/ ; /CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; T32CA128582/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; 5T32HL098048-14//T32 training grant in cardiovascular epidemiology/ ; /HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; /NH/NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {*Food Insecurity ; Humans ; United States ; *Food Assistance/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Food Supply ; *Nutritional Status ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Poverty ; *Safety-net Providers ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To conduct a scoping review to summarize the state of the evidence on associations between participation in nonfood social safety net programs (eg, income assistance, housing assistance) in the United States and food- and nutrition insecurity-related outcomes.<br><br>BACKGROUND: Food and nutrition insecurity are persistent public health challenges in the United States that increase chronic disease risk and exacerbate health disparities. Several food assistance programs enhance food and nutrition security. Nonfood social safety net programs, however, may also improve these outcomes by relieving households' financial strain. Understanding the scope of research on nonfood social safety net programs' associations with not only food insecurity but also nutrition insecurity is needed to understand their potential to reduce the burden of diet-related chronic disease.<br><br>METHODS: Six databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles. Articles were included if they were published between 1995 and 2023; conducted in the United States; available in English; included a dependent variable of food- and/or nutrition insecurity-related measures; and included an independent variable of participation in a federally funded, nonfood social safety net program.<br><br>RESULTS: Included articles (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;65) reported on studies that examined 10 unique social safety net programs; 8 studies examined program interactions. Twenty studies focused on COVID-19 pandemic-era programs. Fifty-eight studies used food insecurity, food insufficiency, or food hardship as outcomes, and 11 studies used nutrition insecurity-related outcomes. Overall, results suggest that participation in nonfood social safety net programs is associated with reductions in food insecurity. Current evidence for an association between program participation and nutrition insecurity-related outcomes is limited.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Further research is warranted on the association between nonfood social safety net programs and nutrition insecurity; potential interactions between social safety net programs; associations between the expiration of pandemic-era programs and food and nutrition insecurity; and how program impacts might differ among populations with persistent disparities in food and nutrition insecurity.}, }
@article {pmid39527016, year = {2025}, author = {Qin, M and Xu, K and Chen, Z and Wen, X and Tang, Y and Gao, Y and Zhang, H and Ma, X}, title = {Effects of Vitamin C Supplements on Clinical Outcomes and Hospitalization Duration for Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Nutrition reviews}, volume = {83}, number = {7}, pages = {e1406-e1420}, doi = {10.1093/nutrit/nuae154}, pmid = {39527016}, issn = {1753-4887}, support = {2022NSFSC1587//Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province/ ; 202026//Project for Excellent Talents in Xihua University/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; *Dietary Supplements ; *COVID-19/mortality/therapy ; *Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Length of Stay/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Vitamins/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; }, abstract = {CONTEXT: Vitamin C has been used as an essential antioxidant to reduce the inflammatory response associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but its effect on clinical outcomes remains controversial and inconclusive.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to assess the effects of vitamin&#x2009;C supplementation on the severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, CSTJ, Wan fang, and CBM databases were searched for publications between January 2020 and December 2023 that met the inclusion criteria.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION: The meta-analyses of outcomes in more than one study were performed using Review Manager software. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. A randomized controlled trial, cohort studies, and retrospective studies in which vitamin&#x2009;C supplementation was supplemented as monotherapy or in combination, compared with placebo, no treatment, or other standard treatment without vitamin&#x2009;C were included.<br><br>DATA ANALYSIS: After screening, 22 studies, with a total of 3429 patients, were selected for assessment. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated using fixed- and random-effects models. The meta-analysis showed significant effects of vitamin&#x2009;C on alleviating clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.76, 95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.65-0.89, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.0007) but no shortening of the length of hospitalization (MD&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.16, 95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.13-2.44, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.08) compared with the control group. Notably, vitamin&#x2009;C supplements significantly reduced the mortality risk (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.64, 95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.51-0.80, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.0001) and the incidence of severity (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.59, 95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.43-0.80, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.0006) in COVID-19 patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that vitamin&#x2009;C supplements may have a beneficial effect on clinical outcomes, as well as reducing severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, but more clinical randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the role of vitamin&#x2009;C in treating COVID-19.<br><br>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023491517.}, }
@article {pmid39449666, year = {2025}, author = {Alcalá-Santiago, &#xc1; and Rodriguez-Barranco, M and Sánchez, MJ and Gil, &#xc1; and García-Villanova, B and Molina-Montes, E}, title = {Micronutrients, Vitamin D, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Causal Inference Studies.}, journal = {Nutrition reviews}, volume = {83}, number = {7}, pages = {e1383-e1405}, doi = {10.1093/nutrit/nuae152}, pmid = {39449666}, issn = {1753-4887}, support = {//European Regional Development Fund/ ; //Con-sejer&#xed;a de Salud y Consumo de la Junta de Andaluc&#xed;a/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/blood ; *Micronutrients/blood ; Biomarkers/blood ; *Vitamin D/blood ; *Inflammation/blood ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; }, abstract = {CONTEXT: Experimental and observational studies suggest that circulating micronutrients, including vitamin D (VD), may increase COVID-19 risk and its associated outcomes. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies provide valuable insight into the causal relationship between an exposure and disease outcomes.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of causal inference studies that apply MR approaches to assess the role of these micronutrients, particularly VD, in COVID-19 risk, infection severity, and related inflammatory markers.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: Searches (up to July 2023) were conducted in 4 databases.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: The quality of the studies was evaluated based on the MR-STROBE guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted where possible.<br><br>RESULTS: There were 28 studies (2 overlapped) including 12 on micronutrients (8 on VD) and COVID-19, 4 on micronutrients (all on VD) and inflammation, and 12 on inflammatory markers and COVID-19. Some of these studies reported significant causal associations between VD or other micronutrients (vitamin&#x2009;C, vitamin B6, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, and magnesium) and COVID-19 outcomes. Associations in terms of causality were also nonsignificant with regard to inflammation-related markers, except for VD levels below 25&#x2009;nmol/L and C-reactive protein (CRP). Some studies reported causal associations between cytokines, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and other inflammatory markers and COVID-19. Pooled MR estimates showed that VD was not significantly associated with COVID-19 outcomes, whereas ACE2 increased COVID-19 risk (MR odds ratio&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.10; 95% CI: 1.01-1.19) but did not affect hospitalization or severity of the disease. The methodological quality of the studies was high in 13 studies, despite the majority (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;24) utilizing 2-sample MR and evaluated pleiotropy.<br><br>CONCLUSION: MR studies exhibited diversity in their approaches but do not support a causal link between VD/micronutrients and COVID-19 outcomes. Whether inflammation mediates the VD-COVID-19 relationship remains uncertain, and highlights the need to address this aspect in future MR studies exploring micronutrient associations with COVID-19 outcomes.<br><br>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022328224.}, }
@article {pmid40496948, year = {2023}, author = {Amzat, J and Kanmodi, KK and Egbedina, EA}, title = {Infoveillance and bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 in Nigeria.}, journal = {Public health challenges}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {e77}, pmid = {40496948}, issn = {2769-2450}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases often come with enormous fear because of their ability to spark and spread. The same for COVID-19, which WHO declared a pandemic in February 2020 after a record spread in multiple countries. The global world of information and social media plays a major role in the pandemic. Hence, this study aims to analyse the patterns of internet search and research interests on COVID-19 in Nigeria.<br><br>METHODS: This is an infoveillance and bibliometric research about COVID-19 in Nigeria using systemic search through Google Trends to obtain COVID-19 information prevalence and research incidence through bibliometric analysis using SCOPUS database. The data obtained were analysed using the Microsoft Excel 2021 software. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, mean, range and mode) were used for the summarisation of the data. The findings were presented using texts, tables, charts and maps.<br><br>RESULTS: The information search spike started 1 week before the first index case. Search volume index inequalities were observed across the country, with the northern Nigeria having a higher search volume for COVID-19. This study also uncovered several top search terms, including "COVID-19," "COVID loan" and "vaccine," and queries, including "COVID-19 Nigeria," "COVID loan" and "COVID-19 in Nigeria," among others, which showed critical infodemiologic concerns in Nigeria. The interests of Nigerian researchers concerning COVID-19 cut across various disciplines. The top three subject areas with the most significant volume of these publications were Medicine, Social Sciences and Biochemistry. This study found extensive research collaboration with over 150 countries coupled with external funding.<br><br>CONCLUSION: As internet search spikes reflect population health concerns and information-wish, understanding the infodemic patterns and search terms will influence mass media regulators and health authorities to be vigilant and tackle the spread of misinformation. Nigeria's research resilience depicts great potential, hence, a call for improved local funding for research and development.}, }
@article {pmid40496945, year = {2023}, author = {Salthammer, T and Moriske, HJ}, title = {Airborne infections related to virus aerosol contamination at indoor cultural venues: Recommendations on how to minimize.}, journal = {Public health challenges}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {e59}, pmid = {40496945}, issn = {2769-2450}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many live events being canceled or held without spectator participation. As a result, a series of investigations were carried out and strategies developed to determine the requirements under which cultural activities can be maintained. This work summarizes published studies and provides recommendations for performing cultural events under pandemic conditions.<br><br>METHODS: The available literature search was evaluated in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The results were combined with findings, guidelines, and regulations for conducting courses in other indoor environments under pandemic conditions, for example, school classrooms. Recommendations were derived, the consideration of which can enable the continuation of cultural events.<br><br>RESULTS: The published studies can only take into account the previous conditions of the pandemic situation with the known virus mutations. However, the number of experimental investigations including analytical and medical proof of infections, surveys, and simulations is comparatively small. This is due to the complexity of the events as well as the priority and urgency of the school issue. Cultural events take place under very different conditions. It is therefore practically impossible to predict the risk of infection for a specific situation with many potential virus spreaders attending or to derive general rules that go beyond the known measures of vaccination, testing, masks, and distance.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Cultural events can be held under pandemic conditions provided certain requirements are met. Most study results agree on this. Any recommendations on hygiene, safety, and ventilation measures in cultural facilities under pandemic conditions can reduce the risk of infection but cannot completely eliminate it. It is also of considerable importance that visitors protect themselves individually and act responsibly.}, }
@article {pmid40496119, year = {2025}, author = {Kunjavara, J and George, RJ and L, MK and Sam, ST and Mannethodi, K}, title = {Unbreakable in Crisis: A Systematic Review Exploring Nurse Resilience and Contributing Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Public health challenges}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {e70015}, pmid = {40496119}, issn = {2769-2450}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) placed an unprecedented burden on the global healthcare system, severely affecting the physical and mental health of healthcare workers, particularly nurses. Nurses faced immense workloads, increased infection risks, uncertainty, and public scrutiny. Despite these challenges, nurses were lauded for their dedication and resilience in confronting the pandemic. Many experienced mortality, morbidity, and post-COVID sequelae. This review integrates psychological resilience literature from 2020 to 2022, utilizing Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review method. A total of 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on how nurses demonstrated resilience during the COVID-19 crisis. Most studies reported a moderate level of resilience, with a mean score of 62.54. Factors such as positive acceptance of change, trust in personal judgment, perceived competence, and spiritual influences were positively associated with resilience, whereas burnout, anxiety, and depressive thoughts negatively impacted it. Resilience was found to mediate the relationships between variables like perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, and quality of life. The literature suggests that healthcare administrations should foster a healthy work environment, maintain an optimistic outlook, and establish strong connections with frontline staff to mitigate the pandemic's impact. Providing supportive environments, resilience training, and mental health interventions will be crucial in enhancing resilience for future crises.}, }
@article {pmid40495805, year = {2025}, author = {Liu, Y}, title = {Is SARS-CoV-2 facing constraints in its adaptive evolution?.}, journal = {Biomolecules &amp; biomedicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.17305/bb.2025.12537}, pmid = {40495805}, issn = {2831-090X}, abstract = {The ultimate measure of viral fitness is the ability to maintain high prevalence within its host species. Effective transmission, efficient replication, and rapid immune evasion all contribute to this outcome. Over the past five years, SARS-CoV-2 has successfully adapted to humans, establishing long-term reservoirs and enabling sustained coexistence with the human population. We have observed innovative, synergistic mutations in the spike (S) protein that enhance receptor binding. Adaptation to the upper respiratory tract has shortened the incubation period, thereby facilitating viral spread. These improvements have also enabled immune escape mutations, even when such changes compromise replicative fitness. Adaptive mutations have driven intermittent selective sweeps by dominant variants. However, there are limits to functional enhancement. The receptor binding affinity of the S protein appears to have peaked between 2022 and 2023. The accumulation of fixed mutations plateaued following the emergence of BA.2.86/JN.1 around late 2023 and early 2024. Purifying selection has been the dominant evolutionary force acting on nonsynonymous mutations in the Omicron lineage, and the overall fitness impact of missense mutations in key viral proteins has declined. Additionally, due to weak selection pressure on synonymous mutations, the codon adaptation index in humans has been decreasing among Omicron subvariants. As a result, Omicron lineages have replicated less efficiently in cell cultures compared to the original virus, and recent variants show further attenuation in animal models. In the human population, this attenuation is reflected in declining COVID-19-related mortality, despite persistently high infection rates.}, }
@article {pmid40495641, year = {2025}, author = {Stoevesandt, J and Schmalzing, M and Mohme, S and Goebeler, M}, title = {Vaccination in dermatology 2025: Update considering current recommendations of the German Standing Committee on Vaccination.}, journal = {Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ddg.15785}, pmid = {40495641}, issn = {1610-0387}, abstract = {The immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory treatment of dermatological patients necessitates the regular review and updating of standard vaccinations and vaccines indicated for specific conditions. The German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) at the Robert Koch Institute regularly publishes evidence-based vaccination recommendations, which are adapted to the current epidemiological situation and availability of vaccines. Since 2020, several changes have been made that are relevant for patients with dermato(onco)logical diseases: (1) COVID-19 was defined as a new viral disease and several vaccines have been introduced; (2) in response to the global Mpox outbreak in 2022, a non-replicating live vaccine based on the modified Ankara vaccinia virus, which was approved in 2013 for the prevention of smallpox, was given an indication extension; (3) a new inactivated high-dose vaccine was approved for influenza vaccination of persons aged 60 years and older; (4) a new 20-valent conjugate vaccine is available for pneumococcal vaccination; (5) two recombinant vaccines against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were recently approved. This article discusses the correspondingly adapted STIKO recommendations for adults, with particular emphasis on their implementation in immunocompromised patients in dermatology.}, }
@article {pmid40493066, year = {2025}, author = {Chryssofos, S and Jeong, D and Yaeger, L and Badran, S}, title = {Surgical Care in the Era of Mpox Clade I: A Review and Call for Preparedness.}, journal = {The American surgeon}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {31348251351001}, doi = {10.1177/00031348251351001}, pmid = {40493066}, issn = {1555-9823}, abstract = {The Mpox virus, formerly known as Monkeypox, was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in July 2022 due to its rapid global spread. By 2024, the more virulent and fatal Clade Ib variant had reached the United States. While Mpox typically presents with a self-limited rash, severe manifestations requiring surgical intervention have become increasingly prevalent, necessitating heightened awareness and preparedness among surgeons.This narrative review, specifically targeting surgeons, provides a comprehensive summary of the current data on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, perioperative considerations, and surgical management of Mpox-related conditions. It outlines essential hospital protocols and perioperative precautions to mitigate nosocomial spread, drawing useful parallels with measures established for COVID-19. It also addresses Mpox-related surgical pathologies, including colorectal abscesses, cutaneous scarring, facial lesions, and ocular complications, detailing management strategies for each.Our findings emphasize the need for rigorous infection control measures, early recognition of surgical indications, and interdisciplinary coordination to optimize patient outcomes, especially since Mpox is most readily transmitted among immunocompromised individuals, such as those who have undergone solid organ transplants. The virus primarily spreads through sexual transmission and contact with infected skin lesions, necessitating standardized hospital protocols to minimize its spread, particularly in operating rooms. Colorectal manifestations often require surgical drainage, with colostomy being necessary in severe cases, while ophthalmic manifestations demand prompt and aggressive management to preserve vision. Airway management and anesthetic planning are also critical considerations in cases involving oropharyngeal Mpox lesions.This review highlights the urgent need for ongoing documentation and research to refine surgical management protocols for Mpox, enhancing preparedness for future outbreaks. The complexity and severity of Mpox-related surgical pathologies underscore the necessity for further studies to refine management strategies, develop innovative treatments, and improve patient outcomes. Future research should aim to deepen our understanding of Mpox pathophysiology and optimize protocols to ensure safe and effective care for affected patients. This is essential in an era marked by the threat of emerging infectious diseases and the lessons learned from recent global health crises.}, }
@article {pmid40492581, year = {2025}, author = {Vlaming-van Eijk, LE and Tang, G and Bourgonje, AR and den Dunnen, WF and Hillebrands, JL and van Goor, H}, title = {Post-COVID-19 condition: clinical phenotypes, pathophysiological mechanisms, pathology, and management strategies.}, journal = {The Journal of pathology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/path.6443}, pmid = {40492581}, issn = {1096-9896}, abstract = {Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), also known as long COVID, is a complex multiple organ system condition that can develop and persist for months after acute COVID-19. PCC encompasses a wide range of symptoms, resulting in heterogeneous clinical manifestations. These manifestations likely arise from diverse underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, which, in turn, are influenced by risk factors such as age, sex, and comorbidities. To this end, characterising clinical phenotypes of PCC is essential for deepening our understanding of its (potentially) distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and for advancing diagnostic and patient-tailored management strategies. PCC is thought to result from a complex interaction of various pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to functional and structural pathological alterations across multiple organ systems. Investigating these alterations is critical to improving our currently incomplete understanding of PCC's complex pathophysiology. This review provides an overview of the main clinical phenotypes of PCC, characterises these phenotypes by examining symptoms and signs, as well as the associated risk factors. The main hypothesised pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed by outlining the current knowledge on PCC pathology, focussing on the most commonly affected organ systems. Current PCC management includes supportive care such as physiotherapy and the repurposing of existing drugs primarily targeting persistence of SARS-CoV-2 (e.g. antivirals, monoclonal antibodies) and immune dysfunction (e.g. antiinflammatory drugs, immunomodulators). To date, prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains critical, which can be achieved through effective public health measures and vaccination strategies. Finally, this review highlights current knowledge gaps and proposes future research directions to advance the understanding and treatment of PCC. © 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.}, }
@article {pmid40491997, year = {2025}, author = {Rosa, RJ and Andrade, RLP and Perticarrara Ferezin, L and de Campos, MCT and Moura, HSD and Berra, TZ and Ribeiro, NM and Teibo, TKA and Vinci, ALT and Mendes Delpino, F and Torres, M&#xc1;F and Arcêncio, RA}, title = {Risk perception of severity or death from COVID-19: a systematic review of the factors associated.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1543629}, pmid = {40491997}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/psychology ; Severity of Illness Index ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health risk perception and factors associated with the severity or death from COVID-19 were key elements that influenced individuals' protective behaviors during the pandemic. Understanding these perceptions is crucial for public health guidelines that encourage preventive measures and improve an outbreak response strategy. Thus, this systematic review aimed to identify factors associated with the perception of risk of severity or death from COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted with an article search performed in March 2024 across five databases, utilizing both controlled and free vocabulary. Studies published from 2020 onward were included. Two reviewers independently selected articles, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. The data were extracted using a structured form, and the findings were synthesized narratively. The studies included in the review underwent a methodological quality assessment using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute.<br><br>RESULTS: Nineteen articles were included in the review. Among the factors most frequently associated with the perception of severe illness or death from COVID-19 were advanced age, female gender, personal experience or witnessing of adverse COVID-19 outcomes, the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases, and lower educational attainment.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The study highlights that the perception of risk for COVID-19 severity or death varied according to age, gender, and prior experiences with the disease. Such findings can guide healthcare practices and contribute to the formulation of public policies, strengthening responses to future public health crises.<br><br>identifier CRD42024444734, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024444734.}, }
@article {pmid40491910, year = {2025}, author = {Song, J and Wang, Y and Xie, Z and Wei, J and Wang, J}, title = {Review of the mechanism of infection induced cerebral small vessel disease.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1594891}, pmid = {40491910}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases/etiology/virology/immunology/pathology ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Zika Virus Infection/complications/immunology ; HIV Infections/complications/immunology ; Hepatitis C/complications/immunology ; Zika Virus ; }, abstract = {Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) refers to a group of pathological syndromes that affect the brain's microcirculation. These conditions involve damage to small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and small veins. Cerebrovascular risk factors, immunosenescence, and inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease. The global impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has drawn significant attention to chronic inflammation caused by infections. Research into the mechanisms by which infections induce CSVD has made continual advancements. It is imperative to reassess the importance of managing infections and the chronic inflammatory phase that follows, highlighting their critical role in the pathogenesis. Our focus encompasses SARS-CoV-2, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Zika Virus(ZIKV), Treponema pallidum, as well as the microbial communities within the gut and oral cavity. These pathogen infections and chronic inflammation can contribute to CSVD through mechanisms such as neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, microthrombosis, and endothelial cell damage, thereby promoting the occurrence and progression of the disease. This highlights the need for detailed mechanistic research on CSVD associated with these pathogens. Furthermore, we hope that in the future, we will be able to devise targeted prevention and treatment strategies for CSVD based on the unique characteristics of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with various infections.}, }
@article {pmid40491760, year = {2025}, author = {Liu, L and Wu, L and Chen, Y and Deng, R and Hu, Y and Tu, Y and Fang, B}, title = {Clinical management of sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: current evidence and future directions.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1531275}, pmid = {40491760}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. The lungs are among the first and most significantly affected organs in sepsis. Pulmonary infections or systemic inflammatory cascades triggered by various pathogens can lead to acute and diffuse pulmonary damage, often manifesting as persistent hypoxemia. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted critical knowledge gaps in SA-ARDS management, necessitating paradigm reevaluation under the new global definition of ARDS. This paper analyzes the pathomechanisms and subphenotype characteristics of SA-ARDS, reviews recent advances in clinical management, such as fluid resuscitation, antimicrobial therapy, immune modulation, respiratory support, microcirculatory improvement, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies, and addresses controversial issues and areas requiring further investigation.}, }
@article {pmid40491607, year = {2025}, author = {Schapira, K and Govind, A and Lakhi, N}, title = {The Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Postgraduate Training in Obstetrics and Gynaecology: A Global Perspective.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {e83783}, pmid = {40491607}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {This paper reviews survey studies to assess the global impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on obstetrics and gynaecology (O&amp;G) training from the perspectives of trainees and programme directors (PDs). An electronic literature review of the PubMed database was conducted from March 2020 to December 2024 for topics pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic and trainee education to identify pertinent validated and non-validated survey studies. Ten studies were identified that analysed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate training in O&amp;G. All 10 studies utilised non-validated questionnaires. Two studies (total respondents: N=182) assessed the viewpoint of O&amp;G PDs, and eight studies (total respondents: N=1416) solicited the perspectives of postgraduate trainees (PGTs) in O&amp;G. Countries represented include Brazil, the European Union (EU) (encompassing 25 different countries), Germany, India, Italy, Sweden, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The themes identified were as follows: (1) trainee reassignment, (2) restructuring of didactic and research activities, and (3) loss of clinical training opportunities within the specialty and its impact on trainees' mental health. Understanding this impact is key to enable better planning in similar pandemics in the future. The review suggests that there were both positive and negative impacts of the pandemic that may forever shape trainee education.}, }
@article {pmid40491355, year = {2025}, author = {Gentry, MT and Beito, AH and Hilty, DM}, title = {Telehealth Competencies to Ensure Health Care Access, Quality, and Equity for Older Adults: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1089/tmj.2025.0080}, pmid = {40491355}, issn = {1556-3669}, abstract = {Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased use of telehealth expanded access to health care for older adults. Many clinicians and health systems adjusted workflows and realized that certain competencies are needed to fully engage older adults in telehealth services. This scoping review evaluates the approaches needed to educate clinicians about providing telehealth services to older adults. Methods: We conducted a review of studies published from January 2000 through February 2024 by using the 6-stage scoping review process. Searches of PubMed/MEDLINE and five other databases included the concept areas of competencies, telehealth delivery of mental health services, and older adults. Results: We initially identified 813 articles, of which 89 were eligible for full-text review and 15 met our inclusion criteria. Most studies included training participants about the use of telehealth but without formal curricular interventions or evaluations and lacked details about topics, materials, methods, or outcomes. Telehealth training was general and focused primarily on the use of technology and telepresence, although not specifically for older adults. Three themes were identified from the studies: the role of teams and interprofessional education, the importance of training for clinicians and older patients, and adaptations to improve telehealth delivery for older adults. Conclusions: Individual and institutional competencies are needed to guide educational goals and outcome measures related to telehealth services for older adults. The use of telehealth specifically for older adults may require adaptation to clinical practice and delivery, adjustments to workflow, development of clinician skills, and promotion of interprofessional teamwork.}, }
@article {pmid40491233, year = {2025}, author = {Ito, Y and Takazono, T and Namie, H and Tashiro, M and Kakeya, H and Miyazaki, Y and Mukae, H and Mikamo, H and Fukuda, T and Shibuya, K and Izumikawa, K}, title = {Incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Specialist Involvement in Its Diagnosis in Japan: A Nationwide Survey and Literature Review.}, journal = {Mycoses}, volume = {68}, number = {6}, pages = {e70077}, doi = {10.1111/myc.70077}, pmid = {40491233}, issn = {1439-0507}, support = {//Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) Research on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Immunization/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Japan/epidemiology ; Incidence ; *Pulmonary Aspergillosis/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Galactose/analogs &amp; derivatives ; Mannans/analysis ; Pulmonologists/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has been reported worldwide. However, studies in Japan are limited, and no study has evaluated the relationship between the incidence of CAPA and specialist involvement in its diagnosis.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: We aimed to obtain new epidemiological data on CAPA in Japan and evaluate the relationship between the incidence of CAPA and specialist involvement in its diagnosis.<br><br>METHODS: A survey was conducted among chief physicians at 760 training hospitals with at least 100 beds and accredited by the Japanese Respiratory Society or the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Critical patients with COVID-19 diagnosed with CAPA between 1 January 2020 and 31 August 2023 were analysed. A literature review was conducted to evaluate the correlations between the incidence of CAPA and galactomannan (GM) testing and positivity rates.<br><br>RESULTS: Responses were obtained from 221 of the 760 hospitals (29.1%). The incidence of CAPA was 0.67% (69/10,276). Hospitals with patients with CAPA had significantly more pulmonologists and infectious disease specialists than those without patients with CAPA. A strong positive correlation was observed between the incidence of CAPA and the number of pulmonologists per critical patient with COVID-19 (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.824, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). The literature review showed that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid GM testing rate was a strong positive correlation with the incidence of CAPA (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.527, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.014).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: For the diagnosis of CAPA, its recognition by specialists primarily involved in managing critical patients with COVID-19 seems essential.}, }
@article {pmid40491090, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, S and Zhang, S and Liu, J}, title = {Resurgence of pertussis: Epidemiological trends, contributing factors, challenges, and recommendations for vaccination and surveillance.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {2513729}, pmid = {40491090}, issn = {2164-554X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Whooping Cough/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Pertussis Vaccine/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; *Vaccination ; Bordetella pertussis/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Global Health ; Immunization Programs ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Incidence ; Infant ; World Health Organization ; }, abstract = {Pertussis, a respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, remains a global health challenge despite decades of vaccination. The inclusion of diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccines in the World Health Organization (WHO) Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 1974 significantly reduced incidence worldwide. However, since the 1980s, pertussis resurgence has been observed in both high-income and low- and middle-income nations. The COVID-19 pandemic further disrupted vaccination, exacerbating outbreaks. Contributing factors include genetic mutations in Bordetella pertussis, vaccine differences, waning immunity, inadequate immunization, disease cyclicity, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with improved surveillance, diagnostics, and awareness. Pertussis continues to impose a substantial disease burden, with infants being the most vulnerable. This review examines pertussis epidemiology from 1980 to 2023, analyzing resurgence drivers and evaluating current progress and persistent challenges in vaccination strategies and surveillance efforts.}, }
@article {pmid40490654, year = {2025}, author = {Tao, Y and Yang, Y and Luo, B and Lian, D and Weng, J and Li, F and Yan, J and Chen, Y}, title = {Did Economic Evaluations on Pharmaceuticals and Vaccination for COVID-19 Maintain Adequate Reporting Quality? A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis.}, journal = {Journal of evidence-based medicine}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {e70040}, doi = {10.1111/jebm.70040}, pmid = {40490654}, issn = {1756-5391}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/economics ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/economics ; *Cost-Benefit Analysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Vaccination/economics ; }, abstract = {AIM: This study seeks to assess the reporting quality of published health economic evaluations (HEEs) on vaccination and pharmaceuticals for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and identify potential predictors associated with reporting quality.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, INAHTA, and Chinese databases (e.g., SinoMed, CNKI, and WANGFANG Database). HEEs published between January 1, 2020, and August 20, 2022, that considered both costs and outcomes of vaccination and pharmaceuticals for COVID-19 were included. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement scored the reporting quality for incorporated studies. A linear regression analysis was employed to characterize the impact of various features on reporting quality.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifty-two studies were included in the analysis. The average CHEERS score was 18.54&#xb1;3.41, with the scoring rate of reporting quality was 67% (&#xb1;12%). The most inadequately reported items included health economic analysis plan, time horizon, valuation of outcomes, heterogeneity, uncertainty, distributional effects, and stakeholder involvement. Higher reporting compliance was associated with articles applying a longer time horizon (no less than 1 year) and those using a societal perspective (p < 0.05). The investigations that did not specify a study perspective received the lowest scores among the subgroups.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Overall, the included HEEs on vaccination and pharmaceuticals for COVID-19 had moderate reporting quality. Future HEEs should be transparently and sufficiently reported in accordance with standard guidelines (e.g., the CHEERS 2022 statement), to increase the interpretability of results, improve the reporting quality, and better inform the decision-making.}, }
@article {pmid40490389, year = {2025}, author = {Jeong, YI and Lee, HY and Lee, S and Jeong, GY and Kim, SH and Kim, S and Seo, SH and Shin, NR}, title = {Korea's National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance: Focusing on the Appropriate Use of Antibiotics.}, journal = {Infection &amp; chemotherapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3947/ic.2025.0028}, pmid = {40490389}, issn = {2093-2340}, abstract = {Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as one of the top ten global public health threats. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there has been a notable increase in global concern regarding AMR, leading to a strong call for a government-led response to address this issue. Since 2016, the Korean government has established and implemented a robust social foundation for managing AMR. This foundation encompasses several elements: enhancing the medical environment for infection prevention, providing support for the antimicrobial stewardship program in healthcare organizations, strengthening cooperation among multidisciplinary policy ministries, requiring veterinarians to prescribe antimicrobials in non-human fields, and enhancing food safety management in livestock and aquatic products. However, as the threat of AMR has intensified during the ongoing pandemic, the necessity for implementing a National Action Plan becomes even more critical. Therefore, the Third National Action Plan 2026-2030 is crucial to take into account several critical factors: raising awareness of AMR, strengthening of antimicrobial stewardship, halting the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, strengthening surveillance of antimicrobial use and AMR rates, strengthening internal and external collaborative efforts to combat AMR, and the final factor to consider is to enhance further antimicrobial development and diagnostic technologies to better manage and prevent AMR.}, }
@article {pmid40489852, year = {2025}, author = {Obeagu, EI and Bolo, B}, title = {Climate change and medical laboratory operations: Impacts, challenges, and adaptation strategies: A narrative review.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {104}, number = {23}, pages = {e42718}, pmid = {40489852}, issn = {1536-5964}, mesh = {*Climate Change ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Laboratories, Clinical/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Climate change is increasingly disrupting medical laboratory operations worldwide, affecting diagnostic accuracy, infrastructure integrity, and supply chain stability. Hurricane Maria in 2017 devastated Puerto Rico, a major hub for medical supply manufacturing, leading to critical shortages of blood bags and reagents in U.S. hospitals. Rising global temperatures have also challenged the stability of temperature-sensitive reagents and biological samples, with studies indicating that a mere 2°C increase in ambient temperature can significantly reduce enzyme activity in diagnostic assays. Laboratories, particularly in low-resource settings, are struggling to maintain optimal storage conditions, raising concerns about the reliability of test results in disease diagnosis and monitoring. Extreme weather events and shifting disease patterns further compound these challenges. Flooding in South Asia has repeatedly disrupted microbiology laboratories, causing waterborne pathogen contamination and delays in infectious disease testing. In Sub-Saharan Africa, rising temperatures have expanded the range of malaria-carrying mosquitoes, increasing the demand for diagnostic services beyond the capacity of many laboratories. Supply chain disruptions due to climate-related disasters have led to prolonged shortages of essential testing materials, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic when heatwaves affected the production and transportation of medical reagents. These disruptions highlight the urgent need for climate-adaptive strategies to ensure laboratory resilience and continuity in healthcare services. To mitigate these impacts, laboratories must adopt sustainable infrastructure and operational practices. Key recommendations include transitioning to solar-powered refrigeration to prevent sample degradation during power outages, investing in climate-resilient laboratory buildings, and enhancing digital diagnostic capabilities to reduce reliance on physical sample transportation.}, }
@article {pmid40489594, year = {2025}, author = {Lucas Molitor, W and Feldhacker, DR and Li, Z and Kuhl, N and Jewell, VD}, title = {Occupational Therapy Telehealth Interventions Across Populations From 2019 to 2022: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association}, volume = {79}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.5014/ajot.2025.050939}, pmid = {40489594}, issn = {0272-9490}, mesh = {Humans ; *Occupational Therapy/methods/trends ; *Telemedicine ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Chronic Disease/rehabilitation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {IMPORTANCE: The utilization of telehealth to deliver occupational therapy services and research focusing on the effectiveness of these interventions has increased since 2020.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To update systematic review findings since 2019 on the effectiveness of occupational therapy telehealth interventions for clients of all ages.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: Data were gathered from PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and hand searching relevant literature.<br><br>This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles selected included telehealth-delivered occupational therapy, peer-reviewed publications in English between 2019 and 2022, and Levels 1b, 2b, or 3b evidence.<br><br>FINDINGS: Forty-three studies were included. Strong strength of evidence supports telehealth interventions for lifestyle interventions to address chronic conditions. Moderate strength of evidence supports telehealth interventions for various outcomes to address chronic conditions, developmental disorders, neurological conditions, and people affected by COVID-19 isolation. Low strength of evidence supports telehealth interventions for various outcomes across identified subthemes.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Telehealth use is rapidly increasing. Evidence supports occupational therapy-delivered telehealth for clients experiencing a chronic or musculoskeletal condition and may support interventions for other populations. Plain-Language Summary: This study provides a summary of 43 articles on the effectiveness of occupational therapy telehealth interventions for all ages and populations from 2019 to 2022. Telehealth occupational therapy interventions can effectively support clients with chronic conditions and shows promise for promoting outcomes to address developmental disorders, neurological conditions, musculoskeletal conditions, and those who were affected by isolation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40381561, year = {2025}, author = {Mohan, A and Dummi Mahadevan, G and Anand Iyer, V and Mukherjee, TK and Haribhai Patel, V and Kumar, R and Siddiqui, N and Nayak, M and Maurya, PK and Kumar, P}, title = {Dietary flavonoids in health and diseases: A concise review of their role in homeostasis and therapeutics.}, journal = {Food chemistry}, volume = {487}, number = {}, pages = {144674}, doi = {10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144674}, pmid = {40381561}, issn = {1873-7072}, mesh = {Humans ; *Flavonoids/metabolism/chemistry/administration &amp; dosage ; Animals ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy/metabolism ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Diet ; }, abstract = {Over the past few decades, extensive research has delved into the health advantages of flavonoids, exploring their physiological effects through cell-based assays, epidemiological studies, and human intervention trials. The regular intake of plant-derived flavonoids has shown therapeutic potential against noncommunicable pathophysiological conditions, including carcinoma and various inflammatory disorders. Among the myriads of flavonoids, many have been shown to inhibit the aggregation of amyloid-beta peptides in Alzheimer's disease, while anthocyanins exhibit cardioprotective effects by improving endothelial function and lowering blood pressure. In addition, their efficacy is known to manage infectious communicable diseases caused by various bacteria and viruses, such as S. pneumoniae and SARS-CoV-2. Currently, flavonoids are being used to develop new drugs for both communicable and noncommunicable diseases because of their intricate metabolism and bioavailability, leveraging their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This concise review provides insights into the potential of flavonoids for therapeutics and disease management, particularly with respect to cardiovascular health, neuroprotection, and antimicrobial action. The implications of these findings underscore the necessity for further exploration of flavonoid-rich diets and their incorporation into therapeutic practices to harness their full health benefits.}, }
@article {pmid40047234, year = {2025}, author = {Kern, JA and Kaufman, EJ}, title = {Firearm injury: pushing forward.}, journal = {Current opinion in critical care}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {244-251}, doi = {10.1097/MCC.0000000000001262}, pmid = {40047234}, issn = {1531-7072}, mesh = {Humans ; *Wounds, Gunshot/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Firearms/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Public Health ; *Violence/prevention &amp; control/statistics &amp; numerical data ; United States/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recognition of firearm injury as a public health challenge increasingly garners mainstream acceptance, accompanied by increased federal funding for firearm research and federal coordination for firearm injury prevention and response. This review summarizes recent developments relevant to firearm injury epidemiology, prevention, and outcomes.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Interpersonal firearm violence reached a 30-year peak during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the last 2 years have indicated some improvement. Here, we offer updates regarding firearm injury epidemiology, including disparities according to race, ethnicity, age, sex, and geography. This review summarizes recent literature on risk and protective factors for firearm injury, including aspects related to existing or emerging public policy. New data on the long-term costs and outcomes of firearm injury show pervasive effects, while studies on violence intervention programming, mental health interventions, and coordinated care for survivors of injury offer the potential to improve patient recovery. Lastly, enhanced firearm data infrastructure may yield higher quality research and enable more effective prevention and recovery interventions.<br><br>SUMMARY: Recent findings underscore the multifactorial contributors to the far-reaching public health challenge of firearm injury. Clinicians, researchers, and policy makers must appreciate both the acute and long-term broad consequences of this epidemic to develop, deploy, and evaluate effective interventions to reduce firearm injury harm.}, }
@article {pmid39976222, year = {2025}, author = {Francovich, JE and Katira, BH and Jonkman, AH}, title = {Electrical impedance tomography to set positive end-expiratory pressure.}, journal = {Current opinion in critical care}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {319-327}, pmid = {39976222}, issn = {1531-7072}, mesh = {*Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods ; Humans ; *Electric Impedance ; *Tomography/methods ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging ; *COVID-19/therapy/physiopathology ; Respiratory Mechanics/physiology ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize the rationale and concepts for positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) setting with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and the effects of EIT-based PEEP setting on cardiopulmonary function.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: EIT allows patient-specific and regional assessment of PEEP effects on recruitability and overdistension, including its impact on ventilation-perfusion (V&#x307;/Q) mismatch. The overdistension and collapse (OD-CL) method is the most used EIT-based approach for PEEP setting. In the RECRUIT study of 108 COVID-19 ARDS patients, the PEEP level corresponding to the OD-CL crossing point showed low overdistension and collapse (below 10% and 5%, respectively) regardless of recruitability. In a porcine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), it was shown that at this crossing point, respiratory mechanics (compliance, &#x394; P) were consistent, with adequate preload, lower right ventricular afterload, normal cardiac output, and sufficient gas exchange. A recent meta-analysis found that EIT based PEEP setting improved lung mechanics and potentially outcomes in ARDS patients. EIT thus provides critical insights beyond respiratory mechanics and oxygenation for individualized PEEP optimization. EIT-based methods for PEEP setting during assisted ventilation have also been proposed.<br><br>SUMMARY: EIT is a valuable technique to guide individualized PEEP setting utilizing cardiopulmonary information that is not captured by respiratory mechanics and oxygenation response alone.}, }
@article {pmid40488927, year = {2025}, author = {Keam, SJ}, title = {Sipavibart: First Approval.}, journal = {Drugs}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40488927}, issn = {1179-1950}, abstract = {Sipavibart (KAVIGALE[®]), a recombinant human immunoglobulin (Ig)G1-based antibody, is being developed by AstraZeneca for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in immunocompromised individuals. Sipavibart was approved in December 2024 in Japan to prevent the onset of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 in adults and adolescents aged ≥ 12 years weighing ≥ 40 kg where vaccination against infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 is not recommended or may not achieve a sufficient immune response. Sipavibart was also approved in the EU for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in adults and adolescents aged ≥ 12 years weighing ≥ 40 kg who are immunocompromised due to a medical condition or receipt of immunosuppressive treatments in January 2025 and in Canada in March 2025. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of sipavibart leading to this first approval for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in immunocompromised adults and adolescents.}, }
@article {pmid40488888, year = {2025}, author = {Ahmed, A and Cahn, B and Haber, R}, title = {Wells syndrome: emerging triggers and treatments- an updated systematic review.}, journal = {Archives of dermatological research}, volume = {317}, number = {1}, pages = {805}, pmid = {40488888}, issn = {1432-069X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Eosinophilia/diagnosis/etiology/therapy/immunology/drug therapy ; *Cellulitis/etiology/diagnosis/immunology/therapy/drug therapy ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Nitriles ; Pyrazoles ; Pyrimidines ; }, abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Wells syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis) is a rare inflammatory dermatosis characterized by erythematous, edematous plaques and dermal eosinophilic infiltration. Understanding its evolving triggers and treatment options is critical for optimizing management, particularly in corticosteroid-refractory cases.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To systematically review newly reported immunologic and iatrogenic triggers of Wells syndrome, as well as emerging therapies, with the goal of updating clinical guidance. This review focuses on diagnosis and therapy, emphasizing outcomes in patients with refractory or relapsing disease.<br><br>EVIDENCE REVIEW: A systematic literature search was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines across six databases for English-language studies published between January 2016 and May 2025. Studies were eligible if they described new triggers or treatments for Wells syndrome. Article selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute and Newcastle-Ottawa tools.<br><br>FINDINGS: Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria: 21 case reports, 2 case series, and 1 retrospective cohort study. Newly identified triggers included COVID-19 infection, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines, aluminum- and gelatin-containing pediatric vaccines, and biologic therapies such as ustekinumab and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-&#x3b1;) inhibitors. In vaccine-related cases, causality was supported by positive patch testing. Novel therapies trialed in corticosteroid-refractory or relapsing patients included dupilumab, topical ruxolitinib, abrocitinib, and mepolizumab. Most patients experienced complete or near-complete resolution. However, recurrences were common, particularly in idiopathic cases or upon re-exposure to known triggers.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Recent literature expands the clinical spectrum of Wells syndrome, highlighting new immunologic and iatrogenic triggers. Targeted treatments, especially biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors, demonstrate promising results and may offer steroid-sparing alternatives for patients with refractory disease. Clinicians should consider emerging triggers in differential diagnosis and evaluate newer therapies in recurrent or treatment-resistant cases. Further prospective and registry-based studies are warranted to validate efficacy and support development of evidence-based management guidelines.}, }
@article {pmid40488703, year = {2025}, author = {Crump, J and Jackson, D and Algoso, M and Peters, K}, title = {Deployment of Perioperative Nurses From Their Clinical Specialty During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review.}, journal = {Journal of advanced nursing}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jan.17106}, pmid = {40488703}, issn = {1365-2648}, abstract = {AIM: To identify the available records surrounding the deployment of perioperative nurses into differing clinical settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>DESIGN: Integrative review methodology.<br><br>METHODS: Quality appraisal of each record was conducted using a modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Data were extracted and presented based on outlined research objectives.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: Six electronic databases (CINAHL Plus, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched, with relevant peer-reviewed records published after 2019 until February 2025 included to differentiate from other respiratory pandemics.<br><br>RESULTS: Ten records were included in the review. Opposing discourse exists between perioperative decision makers and those perioperative nurses who underwent deployment to differing clinical areas surrounding perceptions and experiences of deployment during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Few studies exist exploring experiences of perioperative nurse deployment to a different clinical area during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is vital to develop strategies that enhance the deployment process and ensure effective patient care across various clinical settings when cared for by deployed perioperative nurses.<br><br>Further research exploring transferable perioperative nursing skills and its subsequent influence on safe patient care may enhance and inform nurse deployment practices, enriching future staffing protocols in the event of a future pandemic.<br><br>REPORTING METHOD: PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews guided this review.<br><br>This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting.}, }
@article {pmid40487789, year = {2025}, author = {Ahmed, SK and Ahmed, DR and Ibrahim, RH and Hussein, S and Blbas, HTA and Mahmood, KA and Qurbani, K and Saber, AF and Abdalla, AQ}, title = {Widespread Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19 on Iraq's General Population: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {SAGE open nursing}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {23779608251347847}, pmid = {40487789}, issn = {2377-9608}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mental health has emerged as a critical public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this review was to analyze and summarize existing literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the general population in Iraq.<br><br>METHODS: The systematic reviews were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO with the unique identifier CRD42023423291. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus,Medline, and Google Scholar in May 2023 for studies published from January 2020 to January 2023. The researchers used the Joanna Briggs Institute to evaluate the quality of the studies. Data from all the included research in this review were collected and synthesized.<br><br>RESULTS: This review included data from 11 high-quality studies conducted in Iraq, involving a total of 8,917 participants. Of these participants, 4,860 (54.5%) were female and 4,057 (45.5%) were male. The aim of these studies was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. The systematic review yielded important findings regarding the prevalence rates of anxiety, stress, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These rates were estimated to be 54.89%, 48.15%, 49.57%, and 31.35% respectively. It is worth noting that various demographic groups in Iraq exhibited elevated levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD, highlighting the significant burden experienced by individuals. These findings emphasize the wide-ranging effects on different segments of the population, including college students and individuals with a history of COVID-19 infection.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review highlights the substantial impact of COVID-19 on mental health in Iraq, noting increased levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD among various groups. The findings consistently showed a significant mental health burden on Iraqis, urging healthcare authorities and policymakers to implement targeted interventions to address these challenges promptly.}, }
@article {pmid40487254, year = {2025}, author = {Salehi, M and Salmanton-García, J and Abdollahi, A and Albaji, M and Davoudi-Monfared, E and Siami, Z and Mohammadi, S and Khodavaisy, S and Nazemi, P}, title = {The Value of the Galactomannan Test in Diagnosing COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Review.}, journal = {Iranian journal of pathology}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, pages = {142-151}, pmid = {40487254}, issn = {1735-5303}, abstract = {COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a complication of COVID-19. Galactomannan (GM) is a non-invasive test used to diagnose invasive aspergillosis. We collected the existing studies on the diagnostic value of GM to determine a GM level for predicting CAPA. All articles on the value of GM in CAPA diagnosis published until November 2023 were reviewed. The main databases were searched using the following keywords: "aspergillus", "aspergillosis", "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID", "2019 ncovnCOV", "novel coronavirus", "COVID-19", "galactomannan", and "CAPA". Studies with reported levels of serum or BAL GM were included. Patients were classified into two groups: non-confirmed and proven aspergillosis. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine a GM level to predict the likelihood of CAPA. A total of 26 articles were selected, of which 239 patients were included. A count of 123 patients (50%) were in the non-confirmed group and 124 (50%) patients were proven. The median serum GM was 0.51 in the non-confirmed group and 0.47 in the proven group (p= 0.73). The level of GM in BAL fluid was 0.10 in the non-confirmed and 2.80 in the proven group, which was statistically different (p<0.001). With 81.3 % sensitivity and 79.5% specificity, the BAL GM cut-off was 1.01 ODI. The results showed that BAL GM ≥1.01 can be used to predict CAPA. Serum GM did not show any predictive value in diagnosing CAPA. However, BAL GM level can be a reliable diagnostic test in patients with CAPA.}, }
@article {pmid40486850, year = {2025}, author = {Gu, X and Zheng, M and Gao, Y and Lin, S and Zhang, X and Chen, C and Zhu, H and Sun, W and Zhang, Y}, title = {Overview of host-directed antiviral targets for future research and drug development.}, journal = {Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {1723-1751}, pmid = {40486850}, issn = {2211-3835}, abstract = {Viruses constitute a significant group of pathogens that have caused numerous fatalities and substantial economic losses in recent years, particularly with the emergence of coronaviruses. While the impact of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be diminishing in daily life, only a limited number of drugs have received approval or emergency use authorization for its treatment. Given the high mutation rate of viral genomes, host-directed agents (HDAs) have emerged as a preferred choice due to their broad applicability and lasting effectiveness. In contrast to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), HDAs offer several advantages, including broad-spectrum antiviral activities, potential efficacy against future emerging viruses, and a lower likelihood of inducing drug resistance. In our review article, we have synthesized known host-directed antiviral targets that span diverse cellular pathways and mechanisms, shedding light on the intricate interplay between host cells and viruses. Additionally, we have provided a brief overview of the development of HDAs based on these targets. We aim for this comprehensive analysis to offer valuable perspectives and insights that can guide future antiviral research and drug development efforts.}, }
@article {pmid40393269, year = {2025}, author = {Struhal, W and Almamoori, D}, title = {A review of the sequelae of post Covid-19 with neurological implications (post-viral syndrome).}, journal = {Journal of the neurological sciences}, volume = {474}, number = {}, pages = {123532}, doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2025.123532}, pmid = {40393269}, issn = {1878-5883}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Nervous System Diseases/etiology/epidemiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Post Covid-19 conditions represent a medical challenge; a unified definition is not achieved after 5 years of the Pandemic. The incidence of Post Covid-19 conditions varies, nevertheless the neurological complications represent an important aspect in the spectrums of fields involved. The current perception is that varied manifestations and long-term complications of COVID-19 reflect underlying pathophysiological processes, including inflammatory, immune-mediated, and vascular mechanisms. These mechanisms underscore the complexity of COVID-19's impact including the nervous system and its potential for lasting effects. A number of symptoms are extremely severe and may also need neurologic attention including fatigue, cognitive disturbances, autonomic symptoms, headache, and sleep disorders. Post Covid-19 conditions are often of chronic nature. Management as in other chronic conditions should rely on the conventional diagnostic measures and management of symptoms irrespective of the temporal relation to the viral infection. To date Post Covid-19 conditions is only accepted as an additional or explanatory diagnosis.}, }
@article {pmid39889734, year = {2025}, author = {Kwon, E and Blank, G and Starkey, S and Chapman, C and Lategan, C and Shulha, H and Kitchin, V and Silverberg, S and Sauvé, L and Sadarangani, M}, title = {Child Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Throughout the Pandemic: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.}, journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal}, volume = {44}, number = {7}, pages = {696-706}, doi = {10.1097/INF.0000000000004733}, pmid = {39889734}, issn = {1532-0987}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology ; Child ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Pandemics ; Infant ; Young Adult ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: This systematic review sought to characterize child-to-child and child-to-adult transmission of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted from April 1, 2021, to December 15, 2023, to estimate secondary attack rates (SARs) and secondary infections per index case (case rate) from index cases up to age 20 years. SAR and case rate were analyzed based on age, setting, country and variant prevalence. Meta-analysis was conducted on the SAR data.<br><br>RESULTS: Eighty-six studies were included, representing 33,674 index cases. The total pooled SAR was 0.11 (95% CI: 0.07-0.16); 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03-0.10) for child-to-child transmission and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.07-0.30) for child-to-adult transmission. Pooled SAR in households was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.24-0.34) and was 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01-0.04) in schools.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The role of children in SARS-CoV-2 transmission is small, particularly in schools. This work can help inform policies that effectively reduce transmission while minimizing adverse effects on children.}, }
@article {pmid40486513, year = {2025}, author = {Chen, LZ and Cai, Q and Zheng, PF}, title = {Mitochondrial metabolic rescue in post-COVID-19 syndrome: MR spectroscopy insights and precision nutritional therapeutics.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1597370}, pmid = {40486513}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism/complications/diet therapy ; *Mitochondria/metabolism ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Precision Medicine ; *Nutrition Therapy/methods ; Energy Metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Ubiquinone/analogs &amp; derivatives ; }, abstract = {Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC), impacting 30-90% of survivors, is characterized by persistent fatigue and metabolic dysfunction, often linked to underlying mitochondrial impairment. This review examines current evidence on mitochondrial-targeted nutrition therapies, with a focus on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as a tool for assessing metabolic recovery. Key findings highlight reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, heightened oxidative stress, and disrupted mitochondrial biogenesis- metabolic abnormalities that closely mirror those seen in chronic fatigue syndromes. While mitochondrial dysfunction is recognized as central, debate continues on whether systemic inflammation or direct viral damage primarily drives these abnormalities. Current evidence supports nutrients, such as, CoQ10, NAC, and creatine for restoring energy metabolism and reducing oxidative stress. MRS biomarkers (τPCr, Qmax), offer valuable tools for monitoring personalized intervention. However, several limitations persist, including variability in nutritional protocols, inconsistencies in MRS methodologies, and limited consideration of microbiome-psychosocial interactions. Most clinical trials focus on short-term outcomes, lacking data on long-term efficacy or stratification based on mitochondrial dysfunction severity. Future research priorities include multi-omics investigations into mitochondrial-epigenetic interactions, the development of targeted antioxidants, and exploration of engineered microbial metabolites. Standardizing MRS protocols, validating composite endpoints, and optimizing nutrient delivery systems require interdisciplinary collaboration. This review advocates for a precision medicine approach, combining MRS-based metabolic profiling with personalized nutritional strategies, to address the multifactorial nature of PCC and advance clinical translation.}, }
@article {pmid40486510, year = {2025}, author = {Yang, P and Song, Y and Li, M}, title = {Biological mechanisms of pulmonary inflammation and its association with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1530753}, pmid = {40486510}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology/complications ; Extracellular Traps/immunology ; *Pneumonia/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Animals ; Lung/immunology/pathology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; }, abstract = {Although the pathogenesis of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unclear, studies suggest that pulmonary inflammation-related biological mechanisms play a significant role in its development. This review thoroughly explores the mechanisms underlying early pulmonary lesions in seropositive RA, focusing on the mucosal barrier hypothesis, neutrophil extracellular traps, pathogenic microbial infections like COVID-19, Vitamin D, the microbiome and gut-lung axis, inhalation exposures and chronic pulmonary diseases. This study seeks to provide novel insights and theoretical foundations for the prevention and treatment of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.}, }
@article {pmid40486342, year = {2025}, author = {Kunder, V and Harris, J and Moody, D}, title = {Comparative Effectiveness of High-Flow Nasal Cannula and Noninvasive Ventilation in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {e83752}, pmid = {40486342}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) is a leading cause of ICU admissions, and noninvasive respiratory support modalities such as high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are frequently employed. However, the comparative effectiveness of these two interventions across different patient populations remains unclear. This scoping review aimed to synthesize current evidence comparing HFNC and NIV in the management of adult patients with AHRF, focusing on outcomes such as intubation rates, mortality, patient comfort, oxygenation, and complications. Studies were included if they: (1) were primary research articles, (2) involved human adults with AHRF, (3) directly compared HFNC with NIV, and (4) reported on clinical outcomes. Systematic reviews, case reports, editorials, and studies focused exclusively on immunocompromised or postoperative populations were excluded. A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE (via Ovid), and the Cochrane Library was conducted through February 2025. Three independent reviewers screened and selected studies using Rayyan. Data extraction was performed using a structured template capturing study design, sample size, population, intervention details, and relevant outcomes. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. HFNC and NIV demonstrated comparable effectiveness in reducing intubation rates across most patient populations. In COVID-19-associated AHRF, the two modalities yielded similar outcomes in terms of intubation and mortality. HFNC was consistently associated with greater patient comfort and fewer complications, particularly with respect to interface tolerance and skin breakdown. However, NIV remained more effective in clearing carbon dioxide, especially in patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure, such as those with COPD exacerbations. ORs were infrequently reported; however, one study reported an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.58-0.98) favoring HFNC over oxygen masks for ICU mortality. HFNC may be preferable for patients who have difficulty tolerating masks or are at lower risk for hypercapnia, while NIV remains the standard of care in hypercapnic respiratory failure. Mortality outcomes were inconclusive. Future randomized controlled trials should target specific patient subgroups and examine long-term outcomes and hospital resource utilization to optimize noninvasive respiratory support strategies in AHRF.}, }
@article {pmid40485649, year = {2025}, author = {Logothetis, G and Avramidis, K and Konstantaki, E and Matziou, V and Doupis, J}, title = {The Role of Remote Glucose Management Using Real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in ICU-hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {9-13}, pmid = {40485649}, issn = {2752-5457}, abstract = {The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has induced many challenges in the clinical environment worldwide. In a bid to reduce the exposure of healthcare providers to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the utilization of personal protective equipment (PPE), while maintaining optimal patient care, in April 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a new policy, allowing the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. This article aimed to explore the role of real-time continuous glucose monitoring systems in patients in the ICU with COVID-19. The hybrid protocols integrating real-time CGM and point of care seem to be a feasible and safe alternative for the glycaemic management of critically ill patients with COVID-1 9, including the reduction of healthcare providers' exposure and the preservation of PPE, whilst achieving and maintaining optimal glycaemic control.}, }
@article {pmid40484894, year = {2025}, author = {Zahner, SJ and Gillespie, K and Merss, K and Bizot, P}, title = {Characteristics of Governmental Public Health Nurses With Recommendations for Public Health Nurse Workforce Planning.}, journal = {Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/phn.13576}, pmid = {40484894}, issn = {1525-1446}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Characteristics and perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of governmental public health nurses were compared to all registered nurses.<br><br>DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive design using data from the 2022 Wisconsin RN Workforce Survey.<br><br>SAMPLE: The sample included 87,100 registered nurses, including 1350 governmental public health nurses.<br><br>MEASUREMENTS: The online survey was administered during February 2022. Responses to "Working as a nurse" and "Primary place of work" were used to classify governmental public health nurses. Data elements included demographics, employment, income, education, specialized knowledge, certifications, and COVID-19 pandemic measures.<br><br>RESULTS: Compared to all registered nurses, governmental public health nurses reported older age, greater race/ethnic diversity, and higher frequency of the baccalaureate as the highest degree. Most governmental public health nurses reported no plans for additional education. Income for governmental public health nurses lagged income for all registered nurses. The proportion of governmental public health nurses intending to remain in their present type of work for fewer than 10 years was higher than for all registered nurses, as was the proportion of governmental public health nurses who rated their overall health as "worse or much worse" than before the pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This analysis raises concerns about the size and preparation of the governmental public health nurse workforce given ongoing population health disparities and future health threats.}, }
@article {pmid40484185, year = {2025}, author = {Hirota, Y and Okamoto, M and Baba, M and Suhara, Y}, title = {Potential of fat-soluble vitamins as a platform for antiviral drug development.}, journal = {Bioorganic &amp; medicinal chemistry letters}, volume = {127}, number = {}, pages = {130292}, doi = {10.1016/j.bmcl.2025.130292}, pmid = {40484185}, issn = {1464-3405}, abstract = {Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, exhibit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, making them promising candidates for antiviral drug development. This review highlights their structural features, biological roles, and antiviral potential. Vitamin A derivatives modulate immunity and inhibit viral replication, including SARS-CoV-2. Vitamin D analogs enhance immune responses and target viral enzymes, while vitamin E derivatives reduce oxidative stress and may directly inhibit viral replication. Emerging research on vitamin K derivatives suggests potential antiviral applications. These findings underscore the potential of fat-soluble vitamins as innovative antiviral agents, warranting further investigation to optimize efficacy and clinical use.}, }
@article {pmid40483752, year = {2025}, author = {Li, L and Zou, X and Chen, H}, title = {Workload in ICU nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Nursing Activities Score.}, journal = {Intensive &amp; critical care nursing}, volume = {91}, number = {}, pages = {104086}, doi = {10.1016/j.iccn.2025.104086}, pmid = {40483752}, issn = {1532-4036}, abstract = {AIM: Intensive care units (ICUs) are high-demand environments where nurse workload management is critical for ensuring quality patient care and nurse well-being. The Nursing Activities Score (NAS) is widely used to quantify nursing workload, yet individual studies report heterogeneous findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize global data on ICU nursing workload using the NAS.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in multiple databases without language restrictions, identifying studies reporting mean NAS scores. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers, and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool NAS values. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 70 observational studies, encompassing data from 56,042 ICU patients, were included. The meta-analysis revealed a pooled mean NAS of 66.2% (95% CI: 62.6-69.8%), indicating that, on average, ICU nurses spend nearly two-thirds of their shift on direct patient care for a single patient. Higher NAS values were observed during patient admission and the morning shift, with a significant increase during the COVID-19 period compared to pre-pandemic levels.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our analysis revealed that ICU nurses spend a substantial part of their shift on direct patient care, especially during high-demand periods. These findings challenge traditional nurse-to-patient ratios, suggesting the need for flexible staffing models.<br><br>The current nursing staff level within ICU settings may not be adequate for the average nursing workload in some countries. Consideration should be given to dynamic staffing models that can consider increased nursing workload.}, }
@article {pmid40483115, year = {2025}, author = {Jafari, B and Amiri, MR and Labecka, MK and Rajabi, R}, title = {The effect of home-based and remote exercises on low back pain during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systemic review.}, journal = {Journal of bodywork and movement therapies}, volume = {43}, number = {}, pages = {143-151}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbmt.2025.04.004}, pmid = {40483115}, issn = {1532-9283}, mesh = {Humans ; *Low Back Pain/rehabilitation/therapy ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Telemedicine ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of low back pain (LBP) surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, posing challenges to face-to-face treatment.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of various digital solutions for controlling and treatment of LBP during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: The systematic review was performed from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023 across databases, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed, according to the eligibility criteria. This review fulfilled the following criteria according to the PICO system: population (individuals using virtual exercises at home for LBP), interventions (distance rehabilitation and digital application), comparison (intervention group performing exercises virtually at home, and control group receiving in-person services), outcome (methods used in the diagnosis of LBP). Only randomized controlled trials with a PEDro score of 4 or above were included, indicating studies with moderate to good methodological quality. All the studies were assessed to be of high quality.<br><br>RESULTS: After the final review, 15 articles with 3789 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Digital tools such as video calls, Artificial Intelligence programs, Virtual Reality Exercises, and video-based programs were commonly used in studies addressing LBP management. The included article's scores ranged from 6.2 on the PEDro scale, which has a maximum of 10 points.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted heightened attention to digital treatments, yielding relatively acceptable results for patients and therapists. However, recent technological advances indicate future expansion in this field. Key aspects of this method include training individuals in self-management of LBP and promoting adherence. Nonetheless, the high diversity in the use of digital methods poses limitations on conclusive outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40482741, year = {2025}, author = {Kang, H and Sun, Y and Fang, Z and Ding, W and Bai, T and Yang, K and Jiang, D}, title = {[Illuminating the shadows - perspectives on mRNA vaccine adverse events - mechanisms, risks and management]: A review.}, journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {145010}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145010}, pmid = {40482741}, issn = {1879-0003}, abstract = {Apparently, mRNA vaccines have played a pivotal role in curbing the further spread of COVID-19. However, their deployment has been accompanied by reports of adverse events (AEs), including cardiovascular and neurological symptoms. The comprehensive review proposes a conceptual framework to better characterize AEs, elucidate the underlying mechanisms, and outline therapeutic strategies. It also profiles AEs into a three-axe mechanism classification: host susceptibility, delivery system interactions, and mRNA component immunogenicity, thereby advancing current understanding of their etiology. Finally, the analysis integrates these axes with critical perspectives - mRNA molecular design, platform-specific toxicity, and human nature - to provide a comprehensive roadmap for addressing above issues.}, }
@article {pmid40482457, year = {2025}, author = {Tscherne, A and Krammer, F}, title = {A review of currently licensed mucosal COVID-19 vaccines.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {61}, number = {}, pages = {127356}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127356}, pmid = {40482457}, issn = {1873-2518}, abstract = {The rapid development and deployment of injectable coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines - in combination with non-pharmaceutical interventions and development of treatment options - significantly contributed to a decrease in both infection and mortality rates during the pandemic and saved millions of lives. However, injectable vaccines do not robustly and consistently induce a mucosal immune response, which is considered a key factor to prevent infection with and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Hence, a tremendous effort is being made globally to develop next generation COVID-19 vaccines, which are capable of inducing a robust mucosal immune response in addition to a strong systemic cellular and humoral immune response. Mucosal COVID-19 vaccines have been evaluated successfully in preclinical and clinical trials, in which protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been demonstrated. This protective efficacy was associated with the upregulation of secretory IgA antibodies and the maturation of tissue-resident memory cells in the respiratory tract, which, together with an induced systemic immune response, significantly reduced viral replication and transmission in animal models. However, only five active mucosal vaccines (plus one 'passive' vaccine) have received approval for human use and robust data on their efficacy in inducing mucosal immune responses in humans and in blocking infection and transmission are missing. This highlights the importance of expanded research in this field. In this review, we aim to summarize what is known about these currently licensed vaccines, with an emphasis on the key findings obtained in both preclinical and clinical studies.}, }
@article {pmid40481619, year = {2025}, author = {Linton, J and Carmichael, J and Newlands, F and Puri, A and Fox-Smith, L and Pinto Pereira, SM and Coughtrey, A and Shafran, R and Stephenson, T}, title = {Pre-Pandemic Prevalence of Post COVID-19 Condition Symptoms in Adolescents.}, journal = {Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/apa.70123}, pmid = {40481619}, issn = {1651-2227}, support = {COV-LT-0022//UK Research and Innovation/ ; 183885//Beryl Alexander Charity PhD Studentship/ ; MR/Y009398/1//UK Medical Research Council Senior Non-clinical Fellowship/ ; //NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre/ ; }, abstract = {AIM: The emergence of post COVID-19 condition (PCC) within adolescents has been characterised by a wide range of symptoms, raising concerns for young people's health and quality of life. However, many symptoms are non-specific and there is considerable variation in symptom reporting. It is essential to understand how rates of these symptoms compare to the pre-pandemic health of adolescents.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search of academic literature and websites, using traditional and automated search systems, was undertaken to identify symptoms described in adolescents aged 10-19&#x2009;years in the 30&#x2009;years up to and including 2019. Studies were reviewed and symptom prevalence data extracted.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-five sources (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;483&#x2009;097 participants) met the inclusion criteria, including longitudinal and cross-sectional study designs. The description and prevalence of symptoms varied widely, but there was a high pre-pandemic median prevalence of cough (13.6%), headache (30.0%), and fatigue (20.5%). These high prevalences highlight a gap in understanding of pre-pandemic adolescent health and the need for comprehensive, serial symptom profiling.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These findings provide a baseline of adolescent symptomatology prior to the emergence of PCC and provide important context for interpreting ongoing COVID symptoms. Data on PCC in adolescents should consider pre-pandemic symptom prevalence.}, }
@article {pmid40481519, year = {2025}, author = {Jánosi, &#xc1; and Bódy, B and Nagy, R and Ocskay, K and Kói, T and Müller, K and Túri, I and Garami, M and Hegyi, P and Párniczky, A}, title = {Tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors decrease mortality in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Critical care (London, England)}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {232}, pmid = {40481519}, issn = {1466-609X}, support = {FK 138929//National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NRDI Fund)/ ; NU-000600//CF Trust Strategic Research Consortium Grant/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality ; *Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite widespread vaccination efforts, effective treatment strategies remain critical for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a central role in the cytokine storm characteristic of severe COVID-19. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of TNF-α inhibitors in the management of COVID-19.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL was conducted, focusing on studies involving SARS-CoV-2-infected patients treated with TNF-&#x3b1; inhibitors compared with those receiving standard of care without prior TNF-&#x3b1; inhibitor use. Data from studies published up to August 12, 2024, were analysed. Outcomes assessed included mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MD) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and subgroup analyses were performed for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies.<br><br>RESULTS: Seven studies involving 1393 patients with moderate-to-critical COVID-19 were included. TNF-&#x3b1; inhibitor treatment was associated with a reduced odds of mortality (OR 0.67, 95% CI [0.44-1.00], P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.052), which was statistically significant in the RCT subgroup across three studies (OR 0.75, 95% CI [0.58-0.97], P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.042, certainty of evidence: very low). The number needed to treat for mortality was calculated to be 16 (95% CI 9.0-inf.), which indicates that one additional death could be avoided for every 16 patients treated with TNF-&#x3b1; inhibitors compared to standard of care. No significant reduction in the need for invasive mechanical ventilation was observed (OR 0.95 [95% CI 0.46-1.94]; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.822). Additionally, TNF-&#x3b1; inhibitors resulted in a significant reduction in CRP levels (MD&#x2009;-&#x2009;21.9&#xa0;mg/L [95% CI&#x2009;-&#x2009;38.46 to&#x2009;-&#x2009;5.34]; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.024) within three to seven days post-treatment.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our study indicates a potential role for TNF-&#x3b1; inhibition in the treatment of COVID-19 as their use was associated with reduced mortality, but further studies are needed to provide robust evidence.}, }
@article {pmid40101971, year = {2025}, author = {Fernández, S and Moreno-Castaño, AB and Marco, DN and Ventosa-Capell, H and Diaz-Ricart, M and Castro, P}, title = {DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOTHELIOPATHY: A SHARED HALLMARK ACROSS CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT POPULATIONS.}, journal = {Shock (Augusta, Ga.)}, volume = {64}, number = {1}, pages = {3-11}, doi = {10.1097/SHK.0000000000002571}, pmid = {40101971}, issn = {1540-0514}, mesh = {Humans ; *Critical Illness ; *COVID-19/pathology ; *Endothelium, Vascular/pathology/physiopathology ; Biomarkers ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Endothelial Cells/pathology/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Endotheliopathy has been increasingly recognized as a key feature of critical illness. Different diseases and syndromes manifest endothelial dysfunction in their severe forms. Septic syndrome, SARS-CoV-2 disease spectrum, and cell therapy-associated toxicities represent paradigmatic examples of endotheliopathy, in intensive care units. As common features, and in response to the environment associated with these conditions, endothelial cells develop a proinflammatory and prothrombotic phenotype, switching its secretion behavior of anticoagulant and profibrinolytic factors toward a hypercoagulative and hypofibrinolytic state. Intravascular microthrombi, release of neutrophil extracellular traps, detached endothelial cells, and exposure of a highly reactive extracellular matrix toward platelets result in turbulent blood flow and agglutination of circulating cells, ultimately leading to tissue hypoperfusion. Levels of endothelial damage biomarkers correlate with disease severity and, therefore, implementation of biomarkers panels could enhance prediction, differential diagnosis, and severity stratification in critical illness conditions. Development of strategies to protect the endothelium could mitigate proinflammatory and procoagulant responses, offering therapeutic potential for the endotheliopathy-associated conditions of critically ill patients.}, }
@article {pmid38018192, year = {2025}, author = {Liang, G and Li, Y and Li, R and Ma, Y and Na, H}, title = {Structure and Function of the SARS-CoV-2 6-HB Fusion Core and Peptide-based Fusion Inhibitors: A Review.}, journal = {Current medicinal chemistry}, volume = {32}, number = {13}, pages = {2524-2546}, pmid = {38018192}, issn = {1875-533X}, support = {2023LHMS08045//Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 202008210289//China Scholarship Council (CSC)/ ; 82060624//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/metabolism/chemistry ; *Peptides/chemistry/pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; *Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology ; COVID-19/virology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Viral Fusion Protein Inhibitors/chemistry/pharmacology ; Virus Internalization/drug effects ; }, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 has swept the world in recent years, triggering a global COVID-19 with a tremendous impact on human health and public safety. Similar to other coronaviruses, the six-helix bundle(6-HB) is not only a core structure driving the fusion of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope with the host cell membrane, but also the target of fusion inhibitors. The sequences from the HR1 or HR2 regions composing 6-HB are thus the original primary structures for the development of peptide-based fusion inhibitors. This review summarized the structure-activity relationship of the SARS-CoV-2 6- HB, analyzed the design methods and functional characteristics of peptide-based fusion inhibitors that contain different regions of HRs, and provided an outlook on the cutting- edge approaches for optimal modification of lead compounds (pan-coronavirization, chemical modification, superhelical construction, etc). We hope that this review will provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the state-of-art research progress on both 6-HB and peptide-based fusion inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2, and provide some new insights for the development of antiviral drugs.}, }
@article {pmid40481170, year = {2025}, author = {Zanetta, C and Gasperini, C and Amato, MP and Centonze, D and Gallo, P and Patti, F and Riva, A and Filippi, M}, title = {Potential use of the SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody sipavibart in people with multiple sclerosis: definition of different patient archetypes from an Italian expert group perspective.}, journal = {Journal of neurology}, volume = {272}, number = {7}, pages = {446}, pmid = {40481170}, issn = {1432-1459}, mesh = {Humans ; *Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy/immunology/complications/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; Italy ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; *Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Immunocompromised Host ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Immunocompromised people, including people with MS (PwMS) remain at increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, highlighting how this population needs additional preventive measures beyond current vaccination. Seven neurologists with experience in the MS field and one infectivologist discussed the use of COVID-19 pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in PwMS, identifying patients' archetypes for PrEP with the monoclonal antibody sipavibart.<br><br>METHODS: The following topics were discussed: description of the current SARS-CoV-2 infection scenario; identification of the characteristics of the fragile patient; identification of the ideal candidate for PrEP with sipavibart. The recommendations were then produced accordingly.<br><br>RESULTS: Vaccination remains a crucial preventive measure for COVID-19. Age, male sex, and comorbidities are associated with severe outcomes among patients with MS. MS-specific risk factors include higher disability, a progressive disease course, a recent administration of steroids and the treatment with anti-CD20 agents, S1P receptor modulators, cladribine, and anti-CD52 antibodies. Pediatric patients and subjects with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder should also be considered fragile subjects. Subjects who could benefit from PrEP include: PwMS who present risk factors similar to the general population or who present disease-specific risk factors, non-vaccinated PwMS, and PwMS under S1P receptor modulators, anti-CD20 agents, alemtuzumab or cladribine and who present at least one risk factor similar to the general population or one disease-specific risk factor.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Subjects with general or disease specific risk factors for severe infections, patients treated with S1P receptor modulators, anti-CD20 agents, alemtuzumab or cladribine, pediatric patients, and pregnant women with MS could represent the ideal candidates for PrEP with sipavibart.}, }
@article {pmid40480666, year = {2025}, author = {Imerlishvili, E and Gustafson, DR and Pashalishvili, M and Ompad, DC and Djibuti, M}, title = {Studies on cognitive performance among older people living with HIV in eastern Europe and central Asia: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {6}, pages = {e094427}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094427}, pmid = {40480666}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *HIV Infections/psychology/complications/epidemiology ; Europe, Eastern/epidemiology ; Asia, Central/epidemiology ; Aged ; *Cognition ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite the growth of the population of older people living with HIV (PLWH), data on cognitive disorders among older PLWH, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, are scarce. These data are especially underrepresented in the literature from eastern Europe and central Asia (EECA).<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to describe the peer-reviewed literature on cognitive health among PLWH in the EECA region.<br><br>ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We selected articles from peer-reviewed journals that reported on cognitive assessments or the prevalence and characteristics of cognitive disorders among adult (&#x2265;18 years) PLWH in EECA countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan). Studies assessing cognition among PLWH related to traumatic brain injury, brain tumours, COVID-19, meningitis, neurosyphilis and/or other central nervous system infections were excluded.<br><br>SOURCE OF EVIDENCE: We searched for relevant data published up to March 2025 using four online databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO).<br><br>CHARTING METHODS: Covidence, a web-based collaborative software platform, was used for data screening and extraction. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts, resolving disagreements through consensus. The data were extracted based on the predefined data extraction criteria.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 1388 peer-reviewed articles were identified; 295 articles were removed due to duplication; and 1053 and 25 articles were excluded based on the abstract/title and full-text screenings, respectively. Finally, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. All 15 studies used different neuropsychological assessments to measure cognitive performance by domain and/or cognitive disorders among various subgroups of PLWH. One cross-sectional study focused on older populations (&#x2265;40 years old), using standardised cognitive performance assessment tests. However, it neither provided information about the prevalence estimate of cognitive disorders nor identified risk factors.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Existing literature on cognitive disorders among older PLWH in the EECA region is limited and insufficient to estimate prevalence, or identify risk factors, and ultimately develop appropriate policy addressing the needs of older PLWH in this region. This scoping review underscores the urgent need for large-scale, longitudinal studies employing standardised, culturally adapted neuropsychological batteries and adherence to rigorous reporting standards.}, }
@article {pmid40480638, year = {2025}, author = {Paiva, U and Cortese, S and Flor, M and Moncada-Parra, A and Lecumberri, A and Eudave, L and Magallón, S and García-González, S and Sobrino-Morras, &#xc1; and Piqué, I and Mestre-Bach, G and Solmi, M and Arrondo, G}, title = {Prevalence of mental disorder symptoms among university students: An umbrella review.}, journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews}, volume = {175}, number = {}, pages = {106244}, doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106244}, pmid = {40480638}, issn = {1873-7528}, abstract = {This umbrella review synthesizes data on the prevalence of mental disorder symptoms among university students worldwide. A systematic search of seven databases (inception-July 23, 2023) followed PRISMA guidelines. We included meta-analyses assessing the prevalence of mental disorder symptoms, evaluating methodological quality with AMSTAR-2. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, along with meta-regression and subgroup analyses for moderators (percentage of females, publication date, healthcare-related degrees, COVID-19 pandemic). We included 1,655 primary studies from 62 meta-analyses, encompassing 8,706,185 participants. AMSTAR-2 ratings classified 35 % of meta-analyses as low quality and 65 % as critically low. Pooled prevalence estimates were: depression-mild (35.41 %, CI=33.9-36.93) and severe (13.42 %, CI=8.03-19.92; k=952; n=2,108,813); anxiety-mild (40.21 %, CI=37.39-43.07) and severe (16.79 %, CI=7.21-29.29; k=433; n=1,579,780); sleep disorders (41.09 %, CI=35.7-46.58); eating disorders (17.94 %, CI=15.79-20.20); gambling disorder (6.59 %, CI=5.52-7.75); post-traumatic stress disorder (25.13 %, CI=20.55-30.02); stress (36.34 %, CI=29.36-43.62); and suicide-related outcomes (ideation past 12 months: 10.76 %, CI=9.53-12.06; lifetime ideation: 20.33 %, CI=16.15-24.86; suicide attempt past 12 months: 1.37 %, CI=0.67-2.29; lifetime attempt: 3.44 %, CI=2.48-4.54). Meta-regression analyses identified statistically significant moderators of prevalence such as healthcare academic degrees and the pandemic in the case of depression and studies with more females in the case of sleep disorders. This is the most comprehensive synthesis on the prevalence of mental disorder symptoms in university students, providing crucial insights for clinicians, policymakers, and stakeholders.}, }
@article {pmid40480210, year = {2025}, author = {Viswanathan, S and Galipeau, J}, title = {Hallmarks of MSCs: Key quality attributes for pharmacology and clinical use.}, journal = {Cell stem cell}, volume = {32}, number = {6}, pages = {878-894}, doi = {10.1016/j.stem.2025.05.008}, pmid = {40480210}, issn = {1875-9777}, mesh = {Humans ; *Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology ; *Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; *COVID-19/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy ; }, abstract = {Marketing approval for allogenic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) by international regulatory jurisdictions including the US have been granted. Notwithstanding, the long-heralded clinical and commercial breakthrough for MSC products has never fully manifested. The withdrawal of an allogenic MSC product in Europe, based on inefficacious phase 3 results along with setbacks in industry-sponsored, advanced clinical trials of MSCs for COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have dampened enthusiasm for MSC products. In this perspective, we highlight the hallmarks of MSC identity and potency, and how these can inform surrogate, sensitive critical quality attributes that correlate with clinical effectiveness in a variety of indications. We further highlight host-dependent pharmacological attributes of MSCs, which together with their critical quality attributes drive the observed clinical responses and thus impact the translational utility of MSCs. We provide a rational pathway to additional MSC regulatory approval and deployment for disorders with unmet medical needs.}, }
@article {pmid40479726, year = {2025}, author = {Costa, MP and Abdu, JOC and de Moura, MFCS and Silva, AC and Zacaron, TM and de Paiva, MRB and Fabri, RL and Pittella, F and Perrone, &#xcd;T and Tavares, GD}, title = {Exploring the Potential of PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhancing Pulmonary Drug Delivery.}, journal = {Molecular pharmaceutics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00118}, pmid = {40479726}, issn = {1543-8392}, abstract = {Lung diseases remain a leading cause of mortality globally, posing a substantial challenge to public health. Conditions such as asthma, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are highly prevalent and of increasing concern due to their rising incidence in recent years. The recent global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has further highlighted the urgent need for more effective therapeutic approaches to combat pulmonary diseases. In this context, growing interest in nanotechnology for pulmonary drug delivery has emerged, driven by its potential to enable localized treatment, reduce dosages, provide controlled release, enhance drug solubility, and improve bioavailability. Among the various nanomaterials explored, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)─a copolymer of lactic and glycolic acids─has gained regulatory approval as a safe, biodegradable, and biocompatible carrier, with an extended-release profile, making it an ideal candidate for the development of nanostructured drug delivery systems. Multiple methodologies are available for synthesizing PLGA nanoparticles tailored to pulmonary administration, supported by a wide array of devices designed to cater to individual patient needs. This review seeks to evaluate the advantages of PLGA-based nanoparticles for pulmonary drug delivery, with a focus on their potential to enhance inhalation therapy formulations.}, }
@article {pmid40479330, year = {2022}, author = {Tuta Quintero, E and Mosquera Pongutá, AC and Barroso da Silva, EA and Olivella, J and Silvera, AA and Aragón, C and Vásquez, L and Collazos, E and Olivares Vigles, K and Martínez, K and León Machicado, M and Díaz Pérez, YN and Pimentel, J}, title = {[SARS-CoV-2 and post-COVID-19 syndrome in paediatric rheumatology: A scoping review].}, journal = {Revista colombiana de reumatologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40479330}, issn = {2027-9000}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: An increasing number of musculoskeletal clinical manifestations, the onset of diseases and rheumatological manifestations have been seen in the paediatric population surviving COVID-19, however, the medical literature on the subject is limited.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To explore the available evidence on musculoskeletal symptoms and autoimmune diseases in the paediatric population with post-COVID syndrome.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: Scoping systematic review in PubMed and Scopus through search strategies. Observational and experimental studies are included in populations under 21&#xa0;years of age with and without autoimmune diseases, without time limit in English and Spanish.<br><br>RESULTS: The 28 documents included: case reports (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;6), cross-sectional studies (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;5), prospective cohort studies (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;5), retrospective cohort (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;6), case series (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;6), ambidirectional section (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;1), randomized controlled trial (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;1), and longitudinal section study (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;1). The total study population was 56,738 patients. The most frequent symptoms presented in long COVID-19 are myalgias and arthralgias. The evidence showing a relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection in the development of musculoskeletal symptoms and autoimmune diseases in the convalescent period is limited.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Myalgias and arthralgias are the most frequent symptoms in long COVID. patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a history of rheumatic disease who are undergoing immunomodulatory treatment do not have a dangerous risk of developing severe presentations and/or complications of the disease.}, }
@article {pmid40479337, year = {2022}, author = {Hastall, MR and Scherenberg, V}, title = {[Resistance against preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: causes and strategies for minimization].}, journal = {Pravention und Gesundheitsforderung}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-7}, pmid = {40479337}, issn = {1861-6763}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, resistance against demonstrably effective preventive measures were frequently observed. Such "reactance," characterized by anger and negative cognitions, is experienced (according to psychological reactance theory) when a threat to subjectively important freedoms or attempts to change attitudes or behaviors is perceived.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This paper discusses the role of defensive processes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of an evidence-based and defense-sensitive risk and crisis communication. Triggers and influencing factors of defensive processes are discussed, as well as techniques for minimizing these unwanted reactions.<br><br>RESULTS: Defensive reactions should always be anticipated, at least to some extent, but can be reduced through a&#xa0;defense-sensitive communication design. This includes a&#xa0;professional presentation, a&#xa0;respectful and stigma-sensitive approach, positive and efficacy-bolstering information, and by avoiding emotionally overwhelming information such as strong negative emotional appeals or strong loss framings.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Communicators should be aware that defensive reactions can be triggered as well as minimized through certain features of risk communication. A&#xa0;consistent, clear, and tailored communication approach is needed to reduce uncertainties, defensiveness, and irritation.}, }
@article {pmid40478540, year = {2025}, author = {McGraw, M and Morin, A and Tremblay Vaillancourt, V and Poitras, ME and Couturier, Y and Gaboury, I and Poirier, MD}, title = {Chronic Disease Patients' Engagement in Interprofessional Telehealth Collaboration in Primary Care: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of primary care &amp; community health}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {21501319251333858}, pmid = {40478540}, issn = {2150-1327}, mesh = {Humans ; *Telemedicine/organization &amp; administration ; *Primary Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; Chronic Disease/therapy ; *Interprofessional Relations ; *Patient Participation ; *Cooperative Behavior ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {With the rise of people being affected with chronic illness, now the leading cause of mortality worldwide, primary care is overwhelmed with the demand for healthcare services. Primary healthcare is the first resource for patients living with chronic illness, but in 2019, COVID-19 brought healthcare professionals to increase services through virtual care for patients living with chronic illness. In the workplace, such professionals often need to be sufficiently resourced to collaborate, to address collaborative care barriers in telehealth and to keep patients engaged in their health. We performed a scoping review to identify how patients living with chronic diseases actively engage and describe their involvement in the process of interprofessional collaboration within the context of telehealth in primary care settings. We followed Arksey and O'Malley's and the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodological guidelines to conduct this scoping review. The analysis of the retained twelve studies showed little distinction between the experience of interprofessional collaboration from the patient's perspective in a telehealth context compared to a face-to-face context. However, we were able to identify gaps (eg, limited insight onto engagement dynamic, lack of patient-centric research, and insufficient research on patient engagement) relating to the experiences of patients, patient engagement, and professionals who have used telehealth. In an era of digital innovations, this lack of literature regarding the patient experience may jeopardize the quality of the interprofessional collaboration services offered to patients and patient engagement. This gap in patient engagement integrated into interprofessional collaboration in a telehealth context needs to be addressed.}, }
@article {pmid40479182, year = {2023}, author = {Tuta-Quintero, E and Santacruz, JC and Camacho, J and Olivella, J and Collazos, E and Gómez, JC and Ochoa, DA and Salazar Villa, J and Rodríguez, JE and Pérez, DF and Gutiérrez, J and Sanabria-Sarmiento, R and Herrera, CE}, title = {[Clinical relationship between reactive arthritis and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A scoping review].}, journal = {Revista colombiana de reumatologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40479182}, issn = {2027-9000}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a monoarthritis or oligoarthritis that mainly affects the extremities, it can be related to bacterial or viral infections. Currently, COVID-19 has been linked to the development of arthropathies due to its inflammatory component.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: A scoping review of the literature that describes the clinical characteristics of ReA in survivors of SARS-CoV-2 infection.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review based on the guidelines for reporting systematic reviews adapted for Prisma-P exploratory reviews and steps proposed by Arksey and adjusted by Levan. Experimental and observational studies published in PubMed and Scopus, English and Spanish, which answered the research questions posed, were included.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-five documents were included describing the main clinical manifestations of ReA in 27 patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The time from the onset of symptoms or microbiological diagnosis of COVID-19 to the development of articular and/or extra-articular manifestations compatible with ReA ranged from 7 days to 120 days. The clinical joint manifestations described were arthralgia and oedema, predominantly in knee, ankle, elbow, interphalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, and metacarpophalangeal joints.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Arthralgias in the extremities are the main symptom of ReA in patients with a history of COVID-19, whose symptoms can present in a period of days to weeks from the onset of clinical symptoms or microbiological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid40478135, year = {2023}, author = {Rayegan, S and Shu, C and Berquist, J and Jeon, J and Zhou, LG and Wang, LL and Mbareche, H and Tardif, P and Ge, H}, title = {A review on indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19- modelling and mitigation approaches.}, journal = {Journal of building engineering}, volume = {64}, number = {}, pages = {105599}, pmid = {40478135}, issn = {2352-7102}, abstract = {In the past few years, significant efforts have been made to investigate the transmission of COVID-19. This paper provides a review of the COVID-19 airborne transmission modeling and mitigation strategies. The simulation models here are classified into airborne transmission infectious risk models and numerical approaches for spatiotemporal airborne transmissions. Mathematical descriptions and assumptions on which these models have been based are discussed. Input data used in previous simulation studies to assess the dispersion of COVID-19 are extracted and reported. Moreover, measurements performed to study the COVID-19 airborne transmission within indoor environments are introduced to support validations for anticipated future modeling studies. Transmission mitigation strategies recommended in recent studies have been classified to include modifying occupancy and ventilation operations, using filters and air purifiers, installing ultraviolet (UV) air disinfection systems, and personal protection compliance, such as wearing masks and social distancing. The application of mitigation strategies to various building types, such as educational, office, public, residential, and hospital, is reviewed. Recommendations for future works are also discussed based on the current apparent knowledge gaps covering both modeling and mitigation approaches. Our findings show that different transmission mitigation measures were recommended for various indoor environments; however, there is no conclusive work reporting their combined effects on the level of mitigation that may be achieved. Moreover, further studies should be conducted to understand better the balance between approaches to mitigating the viral transmissions in buildings and building energy consumption.}, }
@article {pmid40478142, year = {2023}, author = {Gattinoni, L and Brusatori, S and D'Albo, R and Maj, R and Velati, M and Zinnato, C and Gattarello, S and Lombardo, F and Fratti, I and Romitti, F and Saager, L and Camporota, L and Busana, M}, title = {Prone position: how understanding and clinical application of a technique progress with time.}, journal = {Anesthesiology and perioperative science}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {3}, pmid = {40478142}, issn = {2731-8389}, abstract = {HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: The prone position was first proposed on theoretical background in 1974 (more advantageous distribution of mechanical ventilation). The first clinical report on 5 ARDS patients in 1976 showed remarkable improvement of oxygenation after pronation.<br><br>PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The findings in CT scans enhanced the use of prone position in ARDS patients. The main mechanism of the improved gas exchange seen in the prone position is nowadays attributed to a dorsal ventilatory recruitment, with a substantially unchanged distribution of perfusion. Regardless of the gas exchange, the primary effect of the prone position is a more homogenous distribution of ventilation, stress and strain, with similar size of pulmonary units in dorsal and ventral regions. In contrast, in the supine position the ventral regions are more expanded compared with the dorsal regions, which leads to greater ventral stress and strain, induced by mechanical ventilation.<br><br>OUTCOME IN ARDS: The number of clinical studies paralleled&#xa0;the evolution of the pathophysiological understanding. The first two clinical trials in 2001 and 2004 were based on the hypothesis that better oxygenation would lead to a better survival and the studies were more focused on gas exchange than on lung mechanics. The equations better oxygenation&#x2009;=&#x2009;better survival was disproved by these and other larger trials (ARMA trial). However, the first studies provided signals that some survival advantages were possible in a more severe ARDS, where both oxygenation and lung mechanics were impaired. The PROSEVA trial finally showed the benefits of prone position on mortality supporting the thesis that the clinical advantages of prone position, instead of improved gas exchange, were mainly due to a less harmful mechanical ventilation and better distribution of stress and strain. In less severe ARDS, in spite of a better gas exchange, reduced mechanical stress and strain, and improved oxygenation, prone position was ineffective on outcome.<br><br>PRONE POSITION AND COVID-19: The mechanisms of oxygenation impairment in early COVID-19 are different than in typical ARDS and relate more on perfusion alteration than on alveolar consolidation/collapse,&#xa0;which are minimal in the early phase. Bronchial shunt may also contribute to the early COVID-19 hypoxemia. Therefore, in this phase, the oxygenation improvement in prone position is due to a better matching of local ventilation and perfusion, primarily caused by the perfusion component.&#xa0;Unfortunately, the conditions for improved outcomes, i.e. a better distribution of stress and strain, are almost absent in this phase of COVID-19 disease, as the lung parenchyma is nearly fully inflated. Due to some contradictory results, further studies are needed to better investigate the effect of prone position on outcome in COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid40477939, year = {2023}, author = {Bohl, C and Karnaki, P and Cheli, S and Fornes Romero, G and Glavak Tkalić, R and Papadopoulos, E and Schaefer, M and Berth, H}, title = {[Psychological stress of children and adolescents during the corona pandemic].}, journal = {Pravention und Gesundheitsforderung}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {182-188}, pmid = {40477939}, issn = {1861-6763}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: International studies show that measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic can lead to increased mental health problems in children and adolescents. Overall, there are many study activities on this topic, but only a few representative studies for Germany.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents in Germany will be investigated, as well as the risk and protective factors for mental well-being during the pandemic. Subsequently, an EU-wide project will be outlined, which aims to promote the mental health of students through a&#xa0;training program for teachers and other educators.<br><br>METHODS: Using literature databases PubMed and Medline, an unsystematic literature search was carried out in the sense of a&#xa0;narrative review. The studies included in this work were selected based on their thematically appropriate abstract.<br><br>RESULTS: The number of children showing mental or behavioral problems increased rapidly. Above all, social isolation, fears and insecurity, as well as conflicts within the family due to excessive demands or financial worries, lead to a&#xa0;deterioration in the psychological situation of children and young people. The consequences are depressive moods, behavioral problems and psychosomatic complaints.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents should not be underestimated. There will also be a&#xa0;special need for support in the coming years.}, }
@article {pmid40477876, year = {2023}, author = {Chaudhary, KR and Kujur, S and Singh, K}, title = {Recent advances of nanotechnology in COVID 19: A critical review and future perspective.}, journal = {OpenNano}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {100118}, pmid = {40477876}, issn = {2352-9520}, abstract = {The global anxiety and economic crisis causes the deadly pandemic coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID 19) affect millions of people right now. Subsequently, this life threatened viral disease is caused due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, morbidity and mortality of infected patients are due to cytokines storm syndrome associated with lung injury and multiorgan failure caused by COVID 19. Thereafter, several methodological advances have been approved by WHO and US-FDA for the detection, diagnosis and control of this wide spreadable communicable disease but still facing multi-challenges to control. Herein, we majorly emphasize the current trends and future perspectives of nano-medicinal based approaches for the delivery of anti-COVID 19 therapeutic moieties. Interestingly, Nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with drug molecules or vaccines resemble morphological features of SARS-CoV-2 in their size (60-140 nm) and shape (circular or spherical) that particularly mimics the virus facilitating strong interaction between them. Indeed, the delivery of anti-COVID 19 cargos via a nanoparticle such as Lipidic nanoparticles, Polymeric nanoparticles, Metallic nanoparticles, and Multi-functionalized nanoparticles to overcome the drawbacks of conventional approaches, specifying the site-specific targeting with reduced drug loading and toxicities, exhibit their immense potential. Additionally, nano-technological based drug delivery with their peculiar characteristics of having low immunogenicity, tunable drug release, multidrug delivery, higher selectivity and specificity, higher efficacy and tolerability switch on the novel pathway for the prevention and treatment of COVID 19.}, }
@article {pmid40477696, year = {2022}, author = {Bhattacharjee, R and Dubey, AK and Ganguly, A and Bhattacharya, B and Mishra, YK and Mostafavi, E and Kaushik, A}, title = {State-of-art high-performance Nano-systems for mutated coronavirus infection management: From Lab to Clinic.}, journal = {OpenNano}, volume = {8}, number = {}, pages = {100078}, pmid = {40477696}, issn = {2352-9520}, support = {T32 EB009035/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {The emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants made emerging novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) pandemic/endemic/or both more severe and difficult to manage due to increased worry about the efficacy and efficiency of present preventative, therapeutic, and sensing measures. To deal with these unexpected circumstances, the development of novel nano-systems with tuneable optical, electrical, magnetic, and morphological properties can lead to novel research needed for (1) COVID-19 infection (anti-microbial systems against SARS-CoV-2), (2) early detection of mutated SARS-CoV-2, and (3) targeted delivery of therapeutics using nano-systems, i.e., nanomedicine. However, there is a knowledge gap in understanding all these nano-biotechnology potentials for managing mutated SARS-CoV-2 on a single platform. To bring up the aspects of nanotechnology to tackle SARS-CoV-2 variants related COVID-19 pandemic, this article emphasizes improvements in the high-performance of nano-systems to combat SARS-CoV-2 strains/variants with a goal of managing COVID-19 infection via trapping, eradication, detection/sensing, and treatment of virus. The potential of state-of-the-art nano-assisted approaches has been demonstrated as an efficient drug delivery systems, viral disinfectants, vaccine productive cargos, anti-viral activity, and biosensors suitable for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. Furthermore, the process linked with the efficacy of nanosystems to neutralize and eliminate SARS-CoV-2 is extensively highligthed in this report. The challenges and opportunities associated with managing COVID-19 using nanotechnology as part of regulations are also well-covered. The outcomes of this review will help researchers to design, investigate, and develop an appropriate nano system to manage COVID-19 infection, with a focus on the detection and eradication of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. This article is unique in that it discusses every aspect of high-performance nanotechnology for ideal COVID pandemic management.}, }
@article {pmid40477737, year = {2023}, author = {Zhai, T and Wei, Y and Wang, L and Li, J and Fan, C}, title = {Advancing pathogen detection for airborne diseases.}, journal = {Fundamental research}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {520-524}, pmid = {40477737}, issn = {2667-3258}, abstract = {Airborne diseases including SARS, bird flu, and the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have stimulated the demand for developing novel bioassay methods competent for early-stage diagnosis and large-scale screening. Here, we briefly summarize the state-of-the-art methods for the detection of infectious pathogens and discuss key challenges. We highlight the trend for next-generation technologies benefiting from multidisciplinary advances in microfabrication, nanotechnology and synthetic biology, which allow sensitive, rapid yet inexpensive pathogen assays with portable intelligent device.}, }
@article {pmid40478033, year = {2022}, author = {Barroso, E and Tuta-Quintero, E and Olivella, J and Aragón, C and Vásquez, L and Acosta, L and Pinzón, O and Pantoja, CA and Collazos, E and Ascanio, YP and Morales, VDCDR and Kuan, JC and Velásquez, LA and Díaz, YN and Pimentel, J}, title = {[Guillain Barré syndrome in the paediatric population. Consequence of active infection or long Covid?].}, journal = {Revista colombiana de reumatologia}, volume = {29}, number = {4}, pages = {335-346}, pmid = {40478033}, issn = {2027-9000}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barré syndrome is a polyradiculoneuropathy that has been associated with infectious diseases as triggers. There is currently little medical evidence exploring the relationship between the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and long Covid.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the medical evidence that describes the relationship between post Covid syndrome and Guillain-Barr&#xe9; syndrome in the paediatric population.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: A scoping review was developed using Scopus and PubMed databases, including analytical and/or descriptive experimental and observational studies.<br><br>RESULTS: The main clinical manifestations presented by paediatric patients were distal and ascending weakness in the lower limbs and myalgia. The diagnostic approach was based on clinical findings, imaging findings on spinal magnetic resonance and electromyography. The therapeutic strategy is based on the use of intravenous human immunoglobulins.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Guillain-Barr&#xe9; syndrome is a frequent disease in the paediatric population with active SARS-CoV-2 infection or in survivors, however, it is necessary to encourage further clinical studies that increase the medical literature that describes this association.}, }
@article {pmid40478016, year = {2022}, author = {Pryor, RG and Bright, JE}, title = {Chaos, complexity and COVID-19: The Chaos Theory of Careers in 2022.}, journal = {Australian journal of career development}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {201-205}, pmid = {40478016}, issn = {2200-6974}, abstract = {In acknowledging the contribution of the Australian Journal of Career Development (AJCD's) continuing work to the career development field, this paper briefly outlines the Chaos Theory of Careers (CTC) and its empirical support. Issues relating to closed and open system validation are canvassed. Two types of COVID-19 case study are analysed: a diary study and the pandemic event itself. COVID-19 confirms the CTC's claim that we all live on the edge of chaos.}, }
@article {pmid40477972, year = {2022}, author = {Tuta-Quintero, E and Mora-Karam, C and Pimentel, J}, title = {[Fibromyalgia in the new era of SARS-CoV-2 infection and post-COVID-19 syndrome: A scoping review].}, journal = {Revista colombiana de reumatologia}, volume = {29}, number = {}, pages = {S7-S16}, pmid = {40477972}, issn = {2027-9000}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic generalized pain, joint stiffness, sleep disorders, fatigue, anxiety and depressive episodes, whose clinical manifestations begin after a physical or emotional trauma. However, few publications describe the clinical impact of COVID-19 on fibromyalgia symptoms.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To map the available medical evidence on the impact of COVID-19 and PCS in patients with and without a diagnosis of fibromyalgia prior to infection.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Exploratory systematic review in PubMed and Scopus, considering articles in English and Spanish, with data on fibromyalgia in the population surviving SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical trial records of the World Health Organization databases were reviewed.<br><br>RESULTS: Twelve published articles were included: retrospective studies (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;4), cross-sectional (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;2), cases and controls (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;2), qualitative studies (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;2), a prospective cohort (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;1) and a longitudinal section study (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;1). The total study population of the included publications was 3,060 patients. In addition, one randomized controlled clinical trial and two observational cross-sectional and case-control studies were included. The total sum of the study population was 173 participants.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Survivors of COVID-19 with or without a previous diagnosis of fibromyalgia may present an increase in chronic pain, insomnia, joint stiffness, and deterioration in quality of life. The population with a history of fibromyalgia may be more affected by psychological stress, tissue damage to neuromuscular structures, and inflammation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid40479176, year = {2022}, author = {Naik, RB and Singh, U}, title = {A Review on Applications of Chaotic Maps in Pseudo-Random Number Generators and Encryption.}, journal = {Annals of data science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-26}, pmid = {40479176}, issn = {2198-5812}, abstract = {Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the tasks have shifted to an online platform. Sectors such as e-commerce, sensitive multi-media transfer, online banking have skyrocketed. Because of this, there is an urgent need to develop highly secure algorithms which can not be hacked into by unauthorized users. The method which is the backbone for building encryption algorithms is the pseudo-random number generator based on chaotic maps. Chaotic maps are mathematical functions that generate a highly arbitrary pattern based on the initial seed value. This manuscript gives a summary of how the chaotic maps are used to generate pseudo-random numbers and perform multimedia encryption. After carefully analyzing all the recent literature, we found that the lowest correlation coefficient was 0.00006, which was achieved by Ikeda chaotic map. The highest entropy was 7.999995 bits per byte using the quantum chaotic map. The lowest execution time observed was 0.23 seconds with the Zaslavsky chaotic map and the highest data rate was 15.367 Mbits per second using a hyperchaotic map. Chaotic map-based pseudo-random number generation can be utilized in multi-media encryption, video-game animations, digital marketing, chaotic system simulation, chaotic missile systems, and other applications.}, }
@article {pmid40477694, year = {2023}, author = {Al-Mamun, F and Kaggwa, MM and Hosen, I and Sikder, MT and Griffiths, MD and Mamun, MA}, title = {Suicide related to the COVID-19 pandemic in India: A systematic review.}, journal = {Discover psychology}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {2}, pmid = {40477694}, issn = {2731-4537}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The suicide rate has increased during the pandemic in India. Moreover, several studies, especially press-media reporting suicide studies have been conducted but no systematic review has been attempted in this context. Therefore, the present study systematically investigated the risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors, and the method of suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.<br><br>METHODS: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed to include papers published up until September 30, 2022. From an initial&#xa0;144 papers, 18 studies&#xa0;which met the inclusion criteria were included in the present review. The Pierson's method was used for quality assessment of the included studies in the present review.<br><br>RESULTS: The risk factors associated with suicide comprised: (i) socio-demographic factors (e.g., being&#xa0;aged between 31 and 50&#xa0;years, male, married, unemployed), (ii) behavior and health-related factors (e.g., unavailability of alcohol and alcohol withdrawal symptoms, poor state of physical health and health issues, family disputes, relationship complexities, and sexual harassment), (iii) COVID-19-related factors (e.g., fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 test results, quarantine or isolation, financial hardship due to the pandemic, having influenza-like symptoms, experiencing stigmatization and ostracism despite testing negative, separation from family due to transport restrictions, misinterpreting other illness symptoms as COVID-19, saving the village from infection, watching COVID-19 videos on social media, online schooling, perceived stigma toward COVID-19, and being&#xa0;suspected of having COVID-19), and (iv) psychopathological stressors (depression, loneliness, stress, TikTok&#xa0;addiction, and poor mental health, suicidal tendencies, helplessness, and worrying). Hanging was the most common method of suicide. In addition, jumping from high buildings, poisoning, drowning, burning, cutting or slitting throat or wrists, self-immolation, medication overdose, electrocution, pesticide, and gun-shot were also used to carry out the suicide.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this research suggest multiple reasons for suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic and knowledge of such factors could aid in developing suicide prevention strategies focusing the most vulnerable cohorts inside and outside India.}, }
@article {pmid40477620, year = {2022}, author = {Serrano, M and Espinosa, G and Cervera, R and Serrano, A}, title = {COVID-19 coagulopathy and antiphospholipid syndrome.}, journal = {Revista colombiana de reumatologia}, volume = {29}, number = {}, pages = {S25-S34}, pmid = {40477620}, issn = {2027-9000}, abstract = {The presence of thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients has been described since the beginning of the pandemic. This association has been confirmed in most of the reported studies. Autopsy reports have shown that most thromboses are located in the lung, although they have also been observed in other organs such as the skin and kidneys. SARS-CoV2 infection induces a generalized prothrombotic state, which is attributed to a combination of factors such as hypoxia, excess cellular apoptosis, and mainly to overactivation of the immune system. Among immune-mediated prothrombotic situations, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) stands out. Recurrent thrombotic events are observed in APS in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). There are numerous studies that report high prevalence of aPL in patients with COVID-19 infection. However, the results show discrepancies in the data on the prevalence of aPL, and its role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis in these patients. This could be due to the heterogeneity of the detection procedures for aPL or to transient elevations of non-pathogenic aPL levels in the context of infection. In this review we try to clarify the role of aPL in COVID-19 infection, and attempt to answer the question of whether it is a coagulopathy of its own, or secondary to APS.}, }
@article {pmid40477482, year = {2022}, author = {Lawrensia, S and Henrina, J and Cahyadi, A}, title = {Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the rheumatological spectrum of complications post COVID-19 infection.}, journal = {Revista colombiana de reumatologia}, volume = {29}, number = {}, pages = {S17-S24}, pmid = {40477482}, issn = {2027-9000}, abstract = {Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a rare but severe complication in adults infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, the pathophysiology remains elusive, as the limited number of reports preclude a broader understanding of this syndrome. We conducted this systematic review to explore the clinical spectrum of MIS-A, in particular its rheumatological manifestations. Meta-analyses of case-series were also performed. We identified 28 patients from 14 case reports and two case series of MIS-A. This disease occurred equally in both genders, with a mean age of 33 + 10 years old, and predominantly in those of African descent (40%). Rheumatological manifestations consisted of Kawasaki Disease (KD)-like symptoms. Ninety percent of patients had positive COVID-19 serology tests, while 48% of patients were negative for COVID-19 RT-PCR test. Twelve patients were admitted to ICU and unfortunately two died. Although the signs and symptoms of MIS mimicked KD, the gastro-intestinal findings were more prominent in the former group. The demographic make-up was also different, with MIS-A occurring mostly in those of African descent. Importantly, unlike their paediatric counterparts, the adult group did not have coronary artery abnormalities. Long-term monitoring is needed as safety data is scarce. Of note, although the prognosis of MIS-A is excellent, the life-threatening nature of this syndrome demands intensive care unit level of care and mechanical support. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a constellation of KD symptoms in an adult patient should alert the clinician to the possibility of MIS-A.}, }
@article {pmid40477493, year = {2022}, author = {Prakash, J and Cho, J and Mishra, YK}, title = {Photocatalytic TiO2 nanomaterials as potential antimicrobial and antiviral agents: Scope against blocking the SARS-COV-2 spread.}, journal = {Micro and nano engineering}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {100100}, pmid = {40477493}, issn = {2590-0072}, abstract = {The whole world is struggling with current coronavirus pandemic that shows urgent need to develop novel technologies, medical innovations or innovative materials for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mode of infection of SARS-CoV-2 is still not well known and seems to spread through surface, air, and water. Therefore, the whole surrounding environment needs to be disinfected with continuous function. For that purpose, materials with excellent antiviral properties, cost effective, environmental friendly and practically applicable should be researched. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) under ultraviolet light produces strong oxidative effect and is utilized as photocatalytic disinfectant in biomedical field. TiO2 based photocatalysts are effective antimicrobial/antiviral agents under ambient conditions with potential to be used even in indoor environment for inactivation of bacteria/viruses. Interestingly, recent studies highlight the effective disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 using TiO2 photocatalysts. Here, scope of TiO2 photocatalysts as emerging disinfectant against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been discussed in view of their excellent antibacterial and antiviral activities against various bacteria and viruses (e.g. H1N1, MNV, HSV, NDV, HCoV etc.). The current state of development of TiO2 based nano-photocatalysts as disinfectant shows their potential to combat with SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and are promising for any other such variants or viruses, bacteria in future studies.}, }
@article {pmid40477664, year = {2022}, author = {Chen, J and Tan, R and Mo, Y and Zhang, J}, title = {The blood-brain barrier in health, neurological diseases, and COVID-19.}, journal = {Fundamental research}, volume = {2}, number = {5}, pages = {817-826}, pmid = {40477664}, issn = {2667-3258}, abstract = {The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a protective interface between the central nervous system (CNS) and the circulating blood, and is critical in controlling the movement of ions, molecules and cells to maintain CNS homeostasis. The disruption of BBB is a key event responsible for the pathology in a number of neurological diseases and has also been shown to be involved in the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections recently. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular components orchestrating BBB formation and function maintenance across species. How this barrier can be modulated for efficient drug delivery into the brain, and how BBB breakdown participates in neurological diseases are discussed. Finally, we highlight the recent work identifying the possible mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 invades CNS by crossing BBB in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.}, }
@article {pmid40477687, year = {2022}, author = {Murjani, BO and Kadu, PS and Bansod, M and Vaidya, SS and Yadav, MD}, title = {Carbon nanotubes in biomedical applications: current status, promises, and challenges.}, journal = {Carbon letters}, volume = {32}, number = {5}, pages = {1207-1226}, pmid = {40477687}, issn = {2233-4998}, abstract = {UNLABELLED: In the past decade, there has been phenomenal progress in the field of nanomaterials, especially in the area of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In this review, we have elucidated a contemporary synopsis of properties, synthesis, functionalization, toxicity, and several potential biomedical applications of CNTs. Researchers have reported remarkable mechanical, electronic, and physical properties of CNTs which makes their applications so versatile. Functionalization of CNTs has been valuable in modifying their properties, expanding their applications, and reducing their toxicity. In recent years, the use of CNTs in biomedical applications has grown exponentially as they are utilized in the field of drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensors, bioimaging, and cancer treatment. CNTs can increase the lifespan of drugs in humans and facilitate their delivery directly to the targeted cells; they are also highly efficient biocompatible biosensors and bioimaging agents. CNTs have also shown great results in detecting the SARS COVID-19 virus and in the field of cancer treatment and tissue engineering which is substantially required looking at the present conditions. The concerns about CNTs include cytotoxicity faced in in vivo biomedical applications and its high manufacturing cost are discussed in the review.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42823-022-00364-4.}, }
@article {pmid40368188, year = {2025}, author = {Cao, D and Tian, M and Liu, Z and Guo, K and Peng, J and Ravichandra, A and Ferrell, C and Dong, Y}, title = {Unlock the sustained therapeutic efficacy of mRNA.}, journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society}, volume = {383}, number = {}, pages = {113837}, doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113837}, pmid = {40368188}, issn = {1873-4995}, mesh = {Humans ; *RNA, Messenger/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use/genetics ; Animals ; Nanoparticles/administration &amp; dosage/chemistry ; Lipids/chemistry ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; mRNA Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Liposomes ; }, abstract = {mRNA therapies have emerged as a transformative class of medicines, offering immense potential across a diverse array of applications. This progress has been particularly evident in the wake of the success of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. As these applications expand, the demand for sustained protein production has become increasingly critical. However, conventional mRNA therapies face significant challenges, including inherent RNA instability and suboptimal expression efficiency, often requiring repeated dosing to maintain therapeutic efficacy over time. This review highlights recent advances in strategies to prolong the therapeutic efficacy of LNP-mRNA systems. We focus on preclinical and emerging approaches aimed at extending the period of protein translation by engineering both the mRNA molecule and the LNP delivery system. Sustained protein expression is a cornerstone of mRNA-based therapeutics, and addressing this challenge is vital for unlocking their therapeutic potential. We hope this review provides valuable insights to guide the development of optimized delivery platforms for LNP-mRNA therapeutics.}, }
@article {pmid40164121, year = {2025}, author = {Trilla, A and Trilla, G and Aldea, M and Vilella, A}, title = {What Is Next for COVID-19 Vaccination?.}, journal = {Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {82-94}, doi = {10.1055/a-2531-1211}, pmid = {40164121}, issn = {1098-9048}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccination ; }, abstract = {Whenever a new COVID-19 vaccination season starts, we must face new challenges, including which vaccines to use, the update of the high-risk groups to be vaccinated, and especially the type and amount of information to be communicated to people in order to promote vaccination. COVID-19 vaccination recommendations should fit these specific conditions. The use of effective vaccines against the predominant SARS-CoV-2 virus variants and the extent of the immune response (waning immunity) are key aspects to try to protect better the high-risk populations. Updated vaccines are currently swiftly available. However, the number of people vaccinated with any additional booster dose is declining. Improved health information and training for health care professionals, together with the use of better tools to make simpler vaccination recommendations, can encourage higher vaccination rates. Addressing these challenges is essential to improve vaccination coverage and ensure adequate protection in the face of evolving COVID-19 threats. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a constant presence in our society. The virus changes but is neither endemic nor seasonal so far. The Omicron variant prevailed for nearly 2 years and now several of its subvariants like JN.1, KP.2, or XEC are or can be the dominant ones. In the face of this moving situation, the main message must be the same: COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective. The role of current COVID-19 vaccination efforts is to mitigate the severity of the disease and reduce the risk of complications and death, instead of preventing most SARS-CoV-2 infections. New vaccines against COVID-19 are now at different stages of clinical research.}, }
@article {pmid39870103, year = {2025}, author = {Ridelfi, M and Pierleoni, G and Fonseca, VZG and Batani, G and Rappuoli, R and Sala, C}, title = {State of the Art and Emerging Technologies in Vaccine Design for Respiratory Pathogens.}, journal = {Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {63-81}, doi = {10.1055/a-2500-1878}, pmid = {39870103}, issn = {1098-9048}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention &amp; control/microbiology/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccine Development/methods ; *Bacterial Vaccines ; }, abstract = {In this review, we present the efforts made so far in developing effective solutions to prevent infections caused by seven major respiratory pathogens: influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Advancements driven by the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis have largely focused on viruses, but effective prophylactic solutions for bacterial pathogens are also needed, especially in light of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenomenon. Here, we discuss various innovative key technologies that can help address this critical need, such as (a) the development of Lung-on-Chip ex vivo models to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis process and the host-microbe interactions; (b) a more thorough investigation of the mechanisms behind mucosal immunity as the first line of defense against pathogens; (c) the identification of correlates of protection (CoPs) which, in conjunction with the Reverse Vaccinology 2.0 approach, can push a more rational and targeted design of vaccines. By focusing on these critical areas, we expect substantial progress in the development of new vaccines against respiratory bacterial pathogens, thereby enhancing global health protection in the framework of the increasingly concerning AMR emergence.}, }
@article {pmid39708836, year = {2025}, author = {Makan-Murphy, N and Madhi, SA and Dangor, Z}, title = {Safety, Efficacy, and Effectiveness of Maternal Vaccination against Respiratory Infections in Young Infants.}, journal = {Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {1-13}, doi = {10.1055/a-2471-6906}, pmid = {39708836}, issn = {1098-9048}, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention &amp; control ; Infant, Newborn ; *Vaccination/methods ; Infant ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention &amp; control ; Influenza, Human/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Influenza Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; }, abstract = {Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Maternal vaccination is an effective strategy in protecting young infants from LRTI, particularly in the first few months after birth when infant is most vulnerable, and most primary childhood vaccinations have not been administered. Additionally, maternal vaccination protects the mother from illness during pregnancy and the postnatal period, and the developing fetus from adverse outcomes such as stillbirth and prematurity. In this paper, we review the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of maternal vaccines against LRTIs, such as pertussis, influenza, coronavirus disease 2019, and respiratory syncytial virus.}, }
@article {pmid40477429, year = {2022}, author = {Orozco, BJD and Imbachí, SAJ and Ospina, AI}, title = {[Pulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis, a review in SARS-CoV-2 pandemia].}, journal = {Revista colombiana de reumatologia}, volume = {29}, number = {}, pages = {S56-S65}, pmid = {40477429}, issn = {2027-9000}, abstract = {Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most frequent chronic autoimmune pathologies. It's prevalence varies from 0.5 to 1%, with a primary involvement at the joint, generating disability due to deformities secondary to persistent inflammation. Considering the high impact on the quality of life of those who suffer it, added to the high cost of therapeutic interventions, it becomes imperative for health personnel to join forces to promote early diagnosis and recognize potential complications, in order to impact positively on clinical outcomes. Around 50% of patients with RA may have extra-articular involvement, the lung being one of the most affected organs. In times of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it's necessary to remember the types of lung involvement in patients with RA and take into account the susceptibility of these patients to infectious conditions that can generate great morbidity and mortality.}, }
@article {pmid40477413, year = {2022}, author = {Naranjo Arango, YA and García Henao, JP and Farfán Cortés, AYAA and Álvarez Correa, D}, title = {[Guillain-Barré syndrome as an autoimmune neurological manifestation associated with COVID-19: A review of the literature].}, journal = {Revista colombiana de reumatologia}, volume = {29}, number = {}, pages = {S48-S55}, pmid = {40477413}, issn = {2027-9000}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been a challenge for health services around the world. The pandemic has spread widely, with more than 80 million confirmed cases and more than one million deaths globally. There have been many studies to understand all aspects of the disease. Recently, several cases have been reported of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19 as the main manifestation. As it may be one of the first autoimmune neurological diseases triggered by SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to obtain more information to fully understand the immunopathogenic mechanisms involved in this association.}, }
@article {pmid40477374, year = {2022}, author = {Tuta-Quintero, E and Vega-Corredor, MC and Perdomo-Rodríguez, LS and Pimentel, J}, title = {[Colchicine, an old friend's perspectives for rheumatology in COVID-19: a scoping review].}, journal = {Revista colombiana de reumatologia}, volume = {29}, number = {}, pages = {S35-S47}, pmid = {40477374}, issn = {2027-9000}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Colchicine is widely used to treat inflammatory diseases such as gout and Mediterranean fever. Due to its immunomodulatory capacity, it could play an important role in the treatment of COVID-19.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To explore the current available medical evidence, published until 28 December 2020, regarding the efficacy and safety of colchicine in the treatment of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: Scoping review of the literature that included PubMed and Scopus. Records of clinical trials and publications with empirical data (observational and experimental studies) in English and Spanish were included.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 33 clinical trials and 6 publications were found: prospective (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;2) and retrospective (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;2) cohort studies, randomised clinical trials (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;1) and case-control studies (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;1). The total number of participants in the trials is 46,324 individuals, 73% (24/33) of the studies are recruiting participants and 51% (17/33) are phase 3 studies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: One clinical trial reports a decrease in prognostic inflammatory markers and length of hospital stay in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ongoing clinical trials will clarify the efficacy and safety of colchicine for the management of patients with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40477376, year = {2021}, author = {Su, H and Xu, Y and Jiang, H}, title = {Drug discovery and development targeting the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Fundamental research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {151-165}, pmid = {40477376}, issn = {2667-3258}, abstract = {A newly emerged coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), belongs to the β-coronavirus family and shows high similarities with SARS-CoV. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared SARS-CoV-2 a global pandemic, and the disease was named the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 46 million infections and over one million deaths worldwide, and the numbers are still increasing. Efficacious antiviral agents are urgently needed to combat this virus. The life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 mainly includes the viral attachment, membrane fusion, genomic replication, assembly and budding of virions. Accordingly, drug development against SARS-CoV-2 currently focuses on blocking spike protein binding to ACE2, inhibiting viral membrane fusion with host cells, and preventing the viral replication by targeting 3C-like protease, papain-like protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase as well as some host-cell proteins. In this review, the advances of drug development in these three major areas are elaborated.}, }
@article {pmid40477323, year = {2021}, author = {Tian, X and Li, C and Wu, Y and Ying, T}, title = {Insights into biological therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.}, journal = {Fundamental research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {166-178}, pmid = {40477323}, issn = {2667-3258}, abstract = {The worldwide pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged in late December 2019 requires the urgent development of therapeutic options. So far, numerous studies have investigated and uncovered the underlying epidemiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infections in order to develop effective drugs. Compared with antiviral small-molecule inhibitors, biotherapeutics have unique advantages such as fewer side effects by virtue of their high specificity, and thus can be rapidly developed for promising treatments of COVID-19. Here, we summarize potential biotherapeutics and their mechanisms of action, including convalescent plasma, therapeutic antibodies, peptides, engineered ACE2, interferons, cytokine inhibitors, and RNAi-based therapeutics, and discuss in depth the advancements and precautions for each type of biotherapeutics in the treatment of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40477280, year = {2021}, author = {Zhu, A and Chen, Z and Wang, Y and Zeng, Q and Sun, J and Zhuang, Z and Li, F and Zhao, J and Zhao, J and Zhong, N}, title = {Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Humans and ACE2 humanized mice.}, journal = {Fundamental research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {124-130}, pmid = {40477280}, issn = {2667-3258}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents a major public health threat worldwide. Insight into protective and pathogenic aspects of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses is critical to work out effective therapeutics and develop vaccines for controlling the disease. Here, we review the present literature describing the innate and adaptive immune responses including innate immune cells, cytokine responses, antibody responses and T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 in human infection, as well as in AEC2-humanized mouse infection. We also summarize the now known and unknown about the role of the SARS-CoV-2 immune responses. By better understanding the mechanisms that drive the immune responses, we can tailor treatment strategies at specific disease stages and improve our response to this worldwide public health threat.}, }
@article {pmid40476637, year = {2025}, author = {Rahmati, M and Udeh, R and Kang, J and Dolja-Gore, X and McEvoy, M and Kazemi, A and Soysal, P and Smith, L and Kenna, T and Fond, G and Boussat, B and Nguyen, DC and Do, H and Tran, BX and Veronese, N and Yon, DK and Boyer, L}, title = {Long-Term Sequelae of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Symptoms 3 Years Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection.}, journal = {Journal of medical virology}, volume = {97}, number = {6}, pages = {e70429}, doi = {10.1002/jmv.70429}, pmid = {40476637}, issn = {1096-9071}, support = {//The authors received no specific funding for this work./ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/physiopathology ; Fatigue/epidemiology ; Dyspnea/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Prevalence ; Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Survivors ; }, abstract = {The symptoms of long COVID are well-documented. However, the long-term effects beyond 2 years remain poorly understood due to a lack of data. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence of persistent symptoms in COVID-19 survivors 3 years following initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), CENTRAL, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase were searched from inception of the databases up to July 20, 2024, by two independent researchers for articles reporting on the prevalence of persistent symptoms 3 years' post-infection of people who survived COVID-19 infection. We employed a random-effect model for the pooled analysis, and the meta-analytical effect size was prevalence for the applicable end-points, I[2] statistics, and quality assessment of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Eleven articles were included after the literature search yielded 223 potentially relevant articles. We found that among patients with long COVID, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and dyspnea were the most common symptoms. Pooled analysis showed that the proportion of individuals experiencing at least one persistent symptom 3 years post-COVID-19 is 20% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8-43). The prevalence of persistent symptoms was dyspnea (12%; 95% CI: 10-15), fatigue (11%; 95% CI: 6-20), insomnia (11%; 95% CI: 2-37), loss of smell (7%; 95% CI: 5-8), loss of taste (7%; 95% CI: 3-16), and anxiety (6%; 95% CI: 1-32). Prevalence of other findings include impaired diffusion capacity (42%; 95% CI: 34-50) and impaired forced expiratory volume in 1 s (10%; 95% CI: 8-12). Our findings confirm the persistence of unresolved symptoms 3 years post-COVID-19 infection, with implications for future research, healthcare policy, and patient care.}, }
@article {pmid40475715, year = {2025}, author = {Caramoci, A and Smaranda, AM and Drăgoiu, TS and Bădărău, IA}, title = {ECG Screening in Athletes: A Systematic Review of Sport, Age, and Gender Variations.}, journal = {Reviews in cardiovascular medicine}, volume = {26}, number = {5}, pages = {38209}, pmid = {40475715}, issn = {2153-8174}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The electrocardiogram (ECG) screening in athletes is essential due to the unique cardiac adaptations induced by intensive training. However, differentiating between physiological adaptations and pathological abnormalities remains a significant challenge, particularly when considering variations across different sports, ages, and genders.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review of observational studies published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data were extracted from 20 studies examining ECG changes in athletes across endurance, strength, and mixed sports, encompassing both adolescent and adult populations.<br><br>RESULTS: Commonly observed ECG changes included increased QRS amplitude, T-wave inversions, and sinus bradycardia, particularly in endurance athletes, while strength-based athletes frequently exhibited left ventricular hypertrophy. Male athletes showed higher QRS voltages, longer QRS durations, and higher PR intervals, whereas female athletes demonstrated elevated resting heart rates and prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) intervals. Adolescents who engaged in regular sports displayed fewer abnormal ECG findings than adults; however, high-intensity training in adolescent athletes was associated with right atrial enlargement and increased P-wave duration. Detraining effectively reversed certain ECG changes, including prolonged QT intervals and T-wave abnormalities, though these changes often reappeared upon resumption of intense training. Notably, de novo ECG abnormalities, such as T-wave inversions and ST-segment depression, were identified in athletes with post-COVID-19 infections. This review also highlights the financial burden of widespread ECG screening, but reinforces the importance of ECG screening in preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) through comprehensive cardiac evaluations.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review emphasizes the complexity of ECG interpretation in athletes, highlighting sport-specific, gender-based, and age-related variations. The persistent high false-positive rates underscore the need for refined, sport-specific ECG guidelines. Recent recognition of sports medicine as a primary specialty within the European Union (EU) reinforces the importance of comprehensive physician training. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technology into ECG screening can enhance diagnostic accuracy, reduce costs, and facilitate large-scale implementation. Meanwhile, collaborative efforts among clinicians, researchers, and policymakers are essential to developing cost-effective and standardized ECG screening protocols, ensuring improved athlete care, and advancing the field of sports cardiology.}, }
@article {pmid40475275, year = {2025}, author = {Udoh, EE and Udoh, UA and Egwuenu, A and Esu, EB and Eteng, A and Ovat, FE and Okomo, U and Oduwole, O and Okebe, J and Meremikwu, M}, title = {Soap and water cleaning versus bleach-based cleaners for eliminating SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {Journal of public health in Africa}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {612}, pmid = {40475275}, issn = {2038-9922}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Households and community settings are important hubs for the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As understanding of viral transmission improves, infection prevention and control (IPC) policies need to be updated.<br><br>AIM: To compare the effectiveness of soap and water alone to bleach-based cleaners in eliminating SARS-CoV-2 infection in households and community settings.<br><br>SETTING: We conducted a virtual search through the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane database of systematic reviews, PubMed, EMBASE, and Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC).<br><br>METHODS: We assessed studies which compared the effect of soap and water cleaning on SARS-CoV-2 among humans to that of bleach-based cleaning, both in households and communities. We prioritised systematic reviews and randomised studies and only included other study designs, such as laboratory studies, which had interventions of relevant interest.<br><br>RESULTS: We retrieved 1192 articles from the search. We summarised evidence from three laboratory studies as there were no randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or comparative effectiveness studies that met our inclusion criteria. Indirect evidence suggests that soap and bleach-based cleaners were effective at different concentrations. Substantial heterogeneity between the cited studies precludes any inference on effectiveness in reducing risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. Both interventions remain important components of IPC measures.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There was no evidence for comparison of soap and water versus bleach-based cleaners against SARS-CoV-2 in humans in household and community settings. Indirect evidence shows both interventions to be effective against the virus.<br><br>CONTRIBUTIONS: Primary studies addressing this critical question are required to guide public health recommendations and policies.}, }
@article {pmid40474772, year = {2025}, author = {Gupta, G and Buonsenso, D and Wood, J and Mohandas, S and Warburton, D}, title = {Mechanistic Insights Into Long Covid: Viral Persistence, Immune Dysregulation, and Multi-Organ Dysfunction.}, journal = {Comprehensive Physiology}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {e70019}, doi = {10.1002/cph4.70019}, pmid = {40474772}, issn = {2040-4603}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications/virology/physiopathology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; *Multiple Organ Failure/immunology/virology/etiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Animals ; }, abstract = {Long Covid is a post-viral syndrome characterized by persistent symptoms targeting multiple organ systems after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. Current literature suggests that the mechanisms causing Long Covid involve viral persistence, immune dysregulation, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances. By forming reservoirs in the tissues of various organs, SARS-CoV-2 may evade immunological clearances while triggering immune responses and contributing to chronic symptoms through cytokine imbalances, T-cell exhaustion, and systemic inflammation. These symptoms parallel other post-viral syndromes such as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), suggesting similar mechanisms of pathology. The coronavirus has also been linked to neuroinflammation and endothelial dysfunction causing cognitive symptoms and cardiovascular complications. Furthermore, its ability to lower energy production links it to post-exertion malaise (PEM) and muscle pain. These symptoms may result from iron dysregulation and persistent oxidative stress due to Covid-impaired mitochondrial function. This review synthesizes current data on the mechanisms that drive Long Covid pathogenesis and explores potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate viral persistence, immune dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances. It is critical to understand these interactions to develop targeted interventions that address the long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection and improve patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40473269, year = {2025}, author = {Andresen, K and Carreira, H and Jain, R and Forbes, H and Williamson, E and Quint, JK and Bhaskaran, K}, title = {Associations between cancer survivorship and subsequent respiratory disease: a systematic literature review.}, journal = {BMJ open respiratory research}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/bmjresp-2024-002681}, pmid = {40473269}, issn = {2052-4439}, mesh = {Humans ; *Cancer Survivors/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Survivorship ; *Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology/etiology ; *Neoplasms/complications ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The population of cancer survivors is growing. Some cancers and their treatments may lead to long-term adverse respiratory issues. This systematic review aims to summarise the evidence on the association between cancer survivorship and long-term respiratory health, across a range of cancer types.<br><br>METHODS: We searched Cochrane, Embase and MEDLINE up until 23 February 2025 for cohort or nested case-control studies comparing incident respiratory outcomes in people with a history of cancer versus population-based cancer-free controls. We required studies to include follow-up time beyond the period of active cancer treatment. Outcomes included acute respiratory infections and chronic respiratory conditions. Study quality was assessed using The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network methodology checklists.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 34 eligible cohort studies. Cancer survivors' cohort sizes ranged from 1325 to >8&#x2009;million. Only 4 out of 34 studies adjusted for smoking, leading to most studies being rated as low quality. Four of the 21 studies of acute respiratory infections were rated as acceptable/high quality, and of these, all observed raised risks, notably among survivors of haematological, head and neck, lung and oesophageal cancers. Of 19 studies of chronic respiratory conditions, 1 was rated as high quality, finding increased risks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonitis in survivors of head and neck cancer. The remaining studies found increased risks of adverse outcomes from acute respiratory infections in 17 of 21 cancer types for which data were available, and of COPD in cervical, head and neck, lung, oesophageal, oral, stomach, thyroid and vulva cancers.<br><br>DISCUSSION: These findings suggest increased risks of a range of respiratory conditions in survivors of some cancers. Much of the evidence is compromised by a lack of control for key potential confounders, like smoking. Future studies should address this limitation and investigate the drivers of respiratory risks in cancer survivors. Improved evidence could inform mitigation strategies and lead to better survivorship care plans.<br><br>PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022311557.}, }
@article {pmid40473220, year = {2025}, author = {Malune, P and Esposito, F and Tramontano, E}, title = {Unveiling SARS-CoV-2's heart: role, structure and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.}, journal = {Antiviral research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {106208}, doi = {10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106208}, pmid = {40473220}, issn = {1872-9096}, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 emergence in late 2019 represented an incredible challenge for virological research and the development of novel as well as repurposed antiviral agents. Among the targeted viral proteins, one is nsp12 that carries the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity, essential for the viral replication. Together with nsp7 and nsp8 cofactors, having an essential role in aiding processivity and associated with several other nonstructural proteins such as helicase, methyltransferase, endo- and exonuclease, nsp12 forms the large viral replication and transcription complex (RTC). Within such RTC, nsp12 catalyzes the synthesis of one of the longest RNA genomes in the viral world, requiring exceptional speed, processivity and fidelity compared to other viral RdRps. Moreover, the peculiar replication cycle of coronaviruses requires nsp12 to perform less conventional functions in backtracking on the viral genome for proof-reading activity and "jumping" during discontinuous synthesis of subgenomic mRNAs. The structure of the minimal RTC was resolved with a resolution < 3 Å by cryo-electron microscopy in complex with RNA and with inhibitors, opening the doors to structural studies on its functions and drug development. Given its essential role in viral replication, extensive research was carried out over the last years to identify both nucleoside (NI) and non-nucleoside (NNI) inhibitors, resulting in two NIs reaching clinical use, although their efficacy in vivo is still under evaluation. This review aims at summarizing the currently known structural and functional aspects and the state-of-the art in drug discovery for SARS-CoV-2 RdRp.}, }
@article {pmid40472669, year = {2025}, author = {Mohammadi, S and Sisay, MM and Saraswati, PW and Osman, AK and Zuithoff, NPA and Weibel, D and Sturkenboom, M and Ahmadizar, F}, title = {COVID-19 vaccine safety studies among special populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 120 observational studies and randomized clinical trials.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {61}, number = {}, pages = {127342}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127342}, pmid = {40472669}, issn = {1873-2518}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 vaccines were rapidly developed and tested, but concerns about vaccine-related adverse events remain, especially in special groups like pregnant women, children, and those with certain health conditions. This review aims to summarize rates of such adverse events in individuals often not included in randomized clinical trials (RCT).<br><br>METHOD: From December 2019 to February 2022, we searched Embase and Medline for observational studies and RCTs on adverse events post-COVID-19 vaccination in special populations. We examined severe and non-severe events in individuals with specific medical conditions, infants, children, pregnant individuals, and socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. Cumulative risks for all events were calculated. The Incidence rate (IR) and 95% confidence intervals were reported for those studies that met the follow-up period criteria based on the referenced literature. For events with data on exposed and unexposed groups, we calculated the odds ratio (OR). Pooled incidence rates were calculated per 1000,000 person-days using a random-effects model. Sub-group analyses were conducted based on vaccine types and doses, with heterogeneity assessed using I[2].<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 4,254 papers, 235 met eligibility criteria, including 120 studies with 171,073 participants (113 observational, eight RCTs). We examined 17 severe and seven non-severe adverse event categories. Lymphadenopathy (IR: 1950[1200,3190]), autoimmune disease and multiple sclerosis flare-up (1130 [470,2680]), and cardiac symptoms (0.26[0.00,10.58]) were the most prevalent severe adverse events. Autoimmune disease flare-ups and cardiac symptoms were more common following the second dose compared to the first dose. The overall incidence of serious adverse events was low in children and adolescents, pregnant, autoimmune, and cancer patients.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This review highlights COVID-19 vaccine safety in special populations, enhancing vaccination strategies. Further real-world research is needed to validate and extend our findings, especially in addressing safety gaps among special groups.}, }
@article {pmid40471123, year = {2025}, author = {Alves, MCS and Rego, MS and Silva, RCCD and Silva, RA and Arruda, IES and Paiva-Júnior, SSL and Balbino, VQ}, title = {Gut Microbiota and COVID-19: Unraveling the Gut-Lung Axis and Immunomodulatory Therapies.}, journal = {ACS infectious diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acsinfecdis.5c00250}, pmid = {40471123}, issn = {2373-8227}, abstract = {The gut flora modulates immune responses and influences COVID-19 severity. SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the gut microbiota, causing dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation and worsening clinical outcomes. Dysbiosis correlates with elevated inflammatory markers, such as CRP and PCT, contributing to severe complications. Studies show that COVID-19 patients have reduced beneficial bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bifidobacterium spp., alongside increased opportunistic pathogens. This review explores how gut microbiota impacts COVID-19 through predictive microbial signatures and immunomodulatory mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fiber-rich diets, may restore microbial balance, reduce inflammation, and support recovery. Additionally, we examine the effects of antiviral and immunomodulatory therapies on the gut microbiota and their role in post-COVID-19 rehabilitation. Understanding the gut-lung axis in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis may reveal microbiota-targeted treatments to improve outcomes and prevent complications. As the host organ with the highest microbial diversity, the gut plays a crucial role in viral infections and warrants further research.}, }
@article {pmid40470521, year = {2025}, author = {Tan, JXR and Oshitani, H and Khanh, LP and Jitpeera, C and Ferretti, L and Cook, AR}, title = {Lessons for future outbreaks from successful contact tracing systems in Asia.}, journal = {The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific}, volume = {58}, number = {}, pages = {101563}, pmid = {40470521}, issn = {2666-6065}, abstract = {Countries around the world had utilized contact tracing to support public health responses to curb transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, countries in East and Southeast Asia had been effective in their contact tracing responses. To understand their successes, the contact tracing systems of Japan, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam were comparatively analyzed, including the technical aspects of contact tracing approaches, detection and response structures. Through the comparative analysis, we uncovered the key elements within these successful systems, namely speed, capture and accuracy, designed specific for the countries' settings. For the system to work efficiently, we found that maintaining the balance across speed, capture and accuracy while adapting to the disease epidemiology and environment was essential. Contact tracing will remain a vital strategy to control the next epidemic with a pandemic potential. The lessons learnt could provide guiding principles to help enhance contact tracing systems and prepare for future outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid40469441, year = {2025}, author = {Zhao, X and Jiang, L and Sun, W and Tang, S and Kang, X and Gao, Q and Li, Z and An, X and Lian, F}, title = {Understanding the interplay between COVID-19 and diabetes: insights for the post-pandemic era.}, journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1599969}, pmid = {40469441}, issn = {1664-2392}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology/virology ; Pandemics ; Diabetes Complications/epidemiology ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; }, abstract = {The global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has had a profound impact on the onset, progression, and management of diabetes, posing significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. This review elucidates the multifaceted impact of SARS-CoV-2 on diabetes mellitus, emphasizing the increased complexity of glycemic management in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection following viral infection in the postpandemic era. In this study, we examined the diverse effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on individuals with diabetes. These effects included an elevated risk of morbidity, erratic fluctuations in blood glucose levels, the emergence of complications associated with diabetes, and the emergence of challenges related to self-management of the disease. From a mechanistic perspective, we investigated the following factors: SARS-CoV-2-mediated direct damage to islet beta cells, dysregulation of the RAAS system, impairment of islet function by oxidative stress, and the effects of the integrated stress response, stress response, and reduced adiponectin levels on insulin utilization efficiency and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, viral effects extend to diabetic complications and cardiovascular risk factors, such as coagulation abnormalities, hypertension, and lipid metabolism. This results in an exacerbation of the development of diabetic complications. This review highlights the urgent need for refined management strategies for patients with diabetes during the pandemic and in the later stages of COVID-19. Additionally, there is a need for integrated management strategies to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on the long-term outcomes of patients with diabetes.}, }
@article {pmid40469238, year = {2025}, author = {Harb, A and Souza-Talarico, JN and Willey, G and da Silva, FC and de Jesus, MCF and Deberg, J}, title = {Loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic: A potential risk factor for post-pandemic cognitive decline in older adults without dementia.}, journal = {Dementia &amp; neuropsychologia}, volume = {19}, number = {}, pages = {e20240256}, pmid = {40469238}, issn = {1980-5764}, abstract = {UNLABELLED: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated loneliness and social isolation among older adults, raising concerns about their mental and physical well-being. While loneliness's adverse effects on health are well-documented, its specific impact on cognitive health during the pandemic remains under investigation.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association between loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic and cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired older adults by synthesizing evidence from primary studies.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), EMBASE, Scopus, AgeLine, and ProQuest, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were selected to examine the association between loneliness and cognitive function in cognitively unimpaired older adults (aged &#x2265;50 years) during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of eight studies were included from 1,384 search results, reviewing data from 10,449 cognitively unimpaired older adults. A total of six studies found significant associations between loneliness or social isolation and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Only one study linked loneliness to lower objective cognitive performance. Notably, half of the studies considered key covariates, such as depression, which could mediate the relationship between loneliness and cognitive decline.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic is linked to SCD in older adults, though objective evidence is limited. The pandemic underscored the long-term impact of social isolation on cognition and mental health, highlighting the need for standardized neuropsychological tools and key covariates in studies to identify those at risk.}, }
@article {pmid40469133, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, Y and Hu, J and Xu, Q and Zhang, F and Sun, C and Liu, K}, title = {The efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in treating severe COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.}, journal = {Pakistan journal of medical sciences}, volume = {41}, number = {5}, pages = {1517-1525}, pmid = {40469133}, issn = {1682-024X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Corticosteroids (CSs) are often administered for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the advantages and disadvantages of CSs remain controversial. Accordingly, we performed a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (TSA) to ascertain the efficacy and safety of CSs in treating COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: From their inception until April 2023, PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China Biology Medicine(CBM) were searched to gather randomized controlled trials on the administration of CSs for COVID-19 treatment. Following the literature screening according to the inclusion criteria, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two reviewers, and then we conducted a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis using RevMan 5.4 and TSA v0.9, respectively. This meta-analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023458633).<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 6,077 literatures were obtained through the search, and 14 studies were finally included for quantitative meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that the all-cause mortality in the group treated with CSs and standard treatment was significantly lower than that in the control group that received only standard treatment (RR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.96, P=0.002), with a statistically significant difference. However, the TSA analysis revealed that the cumulative Z value exceeded the traditional boundary value yet did not surpass the TSA boundary value, indicating a possibility of false positive outcomes in the meta-analysis. The incidence of adverse reactions in the group receiving CSs treatment was higher than that in the control group, but the distinction was not statistically significant (RR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.64-1.63, P=0.93).<br><br>CONCLUSION: CSs appear to be effective and safe in decreasing the overall mortality of patients who suffer from severe COVID-19; however, further assessment is required to determine adverse reactions and improvements in clinical symptoms associated with CS administration.}, }
@article {pmid40469015, year = {2025}, author = {Zheng, L and Feng, H}, title = {Respiratory virus mRNA vaccines: mRNA Design, clinical studies, and future challenges.}, journal = {Animal models and experimental medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ame2.70018}, pmid = {40469015}, issn = {2576-2095}, support = {2021YFA1300301//Grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China/ ; 2018YFA0507101//Grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China/ ; 31730054//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31770900//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 5212016//Beijing Natural Science Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {Respiratory infectious diseases frequently erupt on a global scale, with RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and influenza viruses, posing challenges to vaccine development due to their high mutation rates. Traditional vaccine development cycles are lengthy and struggle to keep pace with rapidly evolving viruses, whereas messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have demonstrated significant advantages due to their short development periods, straightforward production, and low costs. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple mRNA vaccines, including Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, rapidly received emergency use authorization, validating their feasibility. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023 was awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman, underscoring the efficacy of mRNA vaccine technology. In 2024, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of Moderna's respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) mRNA vaccine marked the immense potential of mRNA technology in vaccine innovation. This review article summarizes the design, clinical research, and future challenges of mRNA vaccines for respiratory viruses, delving into antigen design, mRNA delivery systems, and advancements in vaccines for multiple respiratory viruses, including innovations in self-amplifying mRNA and circular mRNA vaccines. Additionally, the development of combination vaccines is underway, aiming to provide protection against multiple viruses through a single administration. Despite the significant progress in mRNA vaccine development, challenges remain regarding raw material costs, stability, and delivery efficiency. In the future, with technological advancements and the accumulation of clinical experience, the design strategies and delivery systems of mRNA vaccines are expected to be continuously optimized, thereby enhancing their safety and efficacy.}, }
@article {pmid40468266, year = {2025}, author = {Conway-Moore, K and Birch, JM and McKinlay, AR and Graham, F and Oliver, E and Bambra, C and Kelly, MP and Bonell, C}, title = {How populist-aligned views affect receipt of non-COVID-19-related public health interventions: a systematic review of quantitative studies.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {2075}, pmid = {40468266}, issn = {1471-2458}, support = {PR-PRU-1217-20501//National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences/ ; PR-PRU-1217-20501//National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences/ ; PR-PRU-1217-20501//National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences/ ; PR-PRU-1217-20501//National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences/ ; PR-PRU-1217-20501//National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences/ ; PR-PRU-1217-20501//National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences/ ; PR-PRU-1217-20501//National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences/ ; PR-PRU-1217-20501//National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Policy Research Unit Behavioural and Social Sciences/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Public Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Globally, there is increasing evidence of resistance to government-led public health interventions in areas such as vaccination, climate change mitigation, sexual and reproductive healthcare, and the implementation of non-pharmaceutical infection control measures. One potential explanation for this could be the documented global rise in populist attitudes, characterised by distrust of scientific, government and other perceived 'elites.' While the effect of such attitudes on engagement with COVID-19-related interventions has been extensively considered and researched, their association with the receipt of other public health interventions is currently underexplored.<br><br>METHODS: To understand how populist-aligned views might influence the receipt of public health interventions addressing areas other than COVID-19, we systematically reviewed quantitative research published across thirteen bibliographic databases and relevant websites between 2008 and 2024. All studies were set in member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).<br><br>RESULTS: Across 30 included studies, the vast majority of which were cross-sectional, we found evidence that populist-aligned attitudes have a negative impact on the receipt of public health interventions including vaccinations, sexual and reproductive health care and preventive health care. We also found preliminary evidence of the negative role of populist-aligned attitudes on the receipt of disease screening related to HIV/AIDS and adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions during times of public health emergency, such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Although providing limited evidence of causality, the findings from this review suggest the need for future policy in many OECD countries to focus on trust-building between the public and political, scientific, and medical establishments. They also indicate the need for mitigation strategies to overcome the potentially negative impact of populist-style hostility towards out-groups on attitudes related to pressing public health issues such as abortion and family planning, for example by drawing on empathy-centred approaches.<br><br>PROSPERO registration number CRD42024513124.}, }
@article {pmid40466390, year = {2025}, author = {Movahed, F and Haji Hosseini, F and Heidari, A and Dehbozorgi, M and Ataei, M and Vahidi, F and Abyaneh, R and Bajelan, B and Bakhtiyari, M and Shafiee, A}, title = {COVID-19 vertical transmission from mothers to neonates: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 204 studies.}, journal = {Journal of infection and public health}, volume = {18}, number = {9}, pages = {102825}, doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102825}, pmid = {40466390}, issn = {1876-035X}, abstract = {This study estimates the prevalence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and identifies risk factors for mother-to-neonate transmission. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to May 2024 identified 204 observational studies, out of 28,543 records, that included neonates with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 detection via RT-PCR. The overall vertical transmission rate was 4 % (95 % CI: 4 %-5 %), with notable heterogeneity (I[2] = 75 %). Transmission varied based on delivery method, income classification, and region, being higher in lower-income areas and cesarean deliveries. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 detection in breast milk was rare. Neonatal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies were frequently detected, while IgM antibodies were less common. The findings highlight the infrequency of vertical transmission but underline disparities in healthcare practices. Further high-quality studies, especially in low-income regions, are essential for a deeper understanding of vertical transmission dynamics in diverse clinical settings.}, }
@article {pmid40465915, year = {2025}, author = {Borges, LA and Silva, PHBD and Zara, ALSA and Oliveira, ESF}, title = {Health surveillance in tackling COVID-19 in Brazil: a scope review.}, journal = {Ciencia &amp; saude coletiva}, volume = {30}, number = {5}, pages = {e02202025}, doi = {10.1590/1413-81232025305.02202025}, pmid = {40465915}, issn = {1678-4561}, mesh = {Brazil/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Federal Government ; *Public Health Surveillance ; }, abstract = {The management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil was marked by contradictory statements and controversial decisions by the head of the executive branch and the Ministry of Health, creating uncertainty about the effective implementation of federal actions to control the disease. This study aims to describe the main health surveillance strategies adopted by the federal government to combat COVID-19, with a focus on actions aimed at preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is a scoping review conducted between November 2019 and January 2021, using DECS and MeSH descriptors in four databases, in addition to consulting 85 legislative documents available on the Brazilian government's legislation portal. The analysis included ten scientific articles and identified federal actions related to non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures, decisions on international borders, procurement of supplies, and essential services. The results point to the presence of sporadic strategies for pandemic containment but reveal insufficient surveillance in the face of the number of cases and deaths recorded. The study highlights the lack of robust federal support, which hindered the coordination and planning.}, }
@article {pmid40465890, year = {2025}, author = {Santana, LADM and Oliveira, MKC and Carvalho, MVC and Moura, PHM and Barreto, MDS and Santos, MALD and Santos, PLD and Correia, D and Silva, VKDS and Gopalsamy, RG and Trento, CL and Borges, LP and Takeshita, WM}, title = {Cytogenetic Alterations Observed in Exfoliative Cells of the Tongue and Oral Mucosa of SARS-CoV-2-Vaccinated Patients: Report of Two Cases and a Brief Literature Review.}, journal = {Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical}, volume = {58}, number = {}, pages = {e008042025}, doi = {10.1590/0037-8682-0008-2025}, pmid = {40465890}, issn = {1678-9849}, mesh = {Humans ; *Mouth Mucosa/pathology/cytology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Tongue/pathology/cytology ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; }, abstract = {The wide distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) in oral tissues, especially in the salivary glands, which are natural reservoirs of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), contributes to the classification of the oral cavity as a potential target for the development of lesions. Despite the effective response produced by next-generation immunizers, the possibility of immune escape by new lineages of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be refuted. Therefore, we describe here the occurrence of cytogenetic alterations in orally exfoliated cells of immunized individuals and, based on the literature review, call attention to the need to monitor these cases in the post-pandemic period.}, }
@article {pmid40465774, year = {2025}, author = {Salmam, I and Dubé, MO and Zahouani, I and Ramos, A and Desmeules, F and Best, KL and Roy, JS}, title = {The impact of long COVID on physical and cardiorespiratory parameters: A systematic review.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {6}, pages = {e0318707}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0318707}, pmid = {40465774}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/physiopathology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Adult ; Exercise Tolerance ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of COVID-19, millions worldwide have continued to experience persistent symptoms months after infection. Among these, physical and cardiorespiratory impairments are frequently reported, but remain poorly understood. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence regarding physical and cardiorespiratory impairments in individuals with long COVID, defined as symptoms persisting for at least three months post-infection.<br><br>METHODS AND FINDINGS: A structured search was conducted across the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies on physical and cardiorespiratory deficits in adults with long COVID. Twenty-two studies involving 3,041 adults with long COVID were included. Critical appraisal using the JBI-APT indicated that most studies had clear inclusion criteria (17/22), well-defined study populations (17/22), and valid exposure measurements (16/22), though confounding factors were often unaddressed (9/22 unclear or not reported). Findings indicate that while adults with long COVID displayed normal pulmonary function at rest, including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1), Total Lung Capacity (TLC), and resting Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), significant impairments in exercise capacity were identified. Notably, all studies assessing the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) reported reduced distances, consistently falling below the 50th percentile of normative values. Additionally, VO&#x2082;peak was decreased in most studies (7/10), falling below 80% of the predicted value, indicating impaired aerobic capacity. Lower Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) values were observed in three out of six studies, with values below 75% of predicted, suggesting impaired gas exchange efficiency during exertion.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Despite preserved resting lung function, these findings highlight significant physical deconditioning in Long COVID adults, with substantial reduction in exercise capacity. Routine assessments should include more sensitive measures, such as the 6MWT and VO&#x2082;peak, to detect subtle exercise limitations, even in patients with normal resting SpO&#x2082;, to better inform rehabilitation interventions.}, }
@article {pmid40465080, year = {2025}, author = {Wichmann, D and Hoenigl, M and Koehler, P and Koenig, C and Lund, F and Mang, S and Strauß, R and Weigand, MA and Hohmann, C and Kurzai, O and Heußel, C and Kochanek, M}, title = {Diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill intensive care patients: executive summary of the German national guideline (AWMF 113-005).}, journal = {Infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40465080}, issn = {1439-0973}, abstract = {PURPOSE: The executive summary of the guideline aims to provide the most relevant recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit.<br><br>METHODS: The guideline's work included a systematic literature search, selection and assessment of the data relevant to the issues identified. Key questions included the areas of epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostics, and therapy. They were discussed analogous to a PICO scheme within the guideline committee, with subsequent working groups proposing recommendations for specific key questions, which were then again discussed and finalized by the entire guideline committee.<br><br>RESULTS: In addition to the classic risk factors (persistent neutropenia, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, etc.), decompensated liver cirrhosis, COPD, solid tumours and viral pneumonia (influenza, COVID-19) have been established as risk factors for critically ill patients in need of intensive care. If there is no adequate improvement or even further clinical deterioration of the respiratory status in critically ill patients, the presence of IPA should be considered and appropriate diagnostic tests should be initiated. Diagnostics should include a CT scan of the chest and a broncho-alveolar lavage with culture for moulds, testing for galactomannan and PCR. Isavuconazole and voriconazole are recommended as first-line treatment, liposomal amphotericin B as an alternative, with posaconazole (PCZ) or the echinocandins (as an add-on to azole or polyene treatment) being additional options for salvage treatment.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. If indicated, invasive aspergillosis should be considered and appropriate diagnostic tests initiated. Isavuconazole and voriconazole are recommended as first-line treatment, liposomal amphotericin B as an alternative.}, }
@article {pmid40465040, year = {2025}, author = {Ma, J and Paltin, D and Buch, KD and Miller-Perusse, M and Jaramillo, J and Horvath, KJ}, title = {Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Care Engagement Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {AIDS and behavior}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40465040}, issn = {1573-3254}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic substantially impacted the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care continuum among men who have sex with men (MSM). While PrEP use during the pandemic has been studied, regional differences in PrEP regulations highlight the need for U.S.-specific reviews. This scoping review evaluates empirical literature on COVID-19's impact on PrEP engagement among U.S. MSM. A systematic search on August 29, 2024, identified articles from PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase. Eligible studies (a) collected empirical data from U.S. MSM, (b) assessed COVID-19's impact on PrEP engagement, and (c) were peer-reviewed, English-language, full-text articles. Standardized forms were used to extract study information. Study quality was appraised using validated tools for qualitative and quantitative research. Findings were synthesized using descriptive statistics and narrative summaries, categorized by distinct pandemic phases. Of 438 records, 21 studies were included (15 quantitative, five qualitative, one mixed-method), mostly conducted during the lockdown phase. Results showed reduced PrEP use (5.9-35.6%), increased missed doses (8.3-14.2%), and higher discontinuation rates (9.0-33.3%) during COVID-19. Barriers included refill issues (9.0-20.0%), limited access to care (2.5-17.0%), disrupted lab testing (~ 25.5%), and changes in clinic procedures. College-aged youth reported confidentiality concerns after returning home. Qualitative evidence highlighted telehealth and injectable PrEP as promising alternatives. This review reveals significant disruptions to PrEP care for U.S. MSM during COVID-19, a lack of post-lockdown research, underrepresentation of MSM from Northeastern and Pacific regions, and limited use of objective PrEP adherence measures. These findings underscore the need for emergency-prepared PrEP services and expanded telehealth and home-delivery options for future crises.}, }
@article {pmid40464778, year = {2025}, author = {Barbosa, NL and Rangel Agra Oliveira, T and Nóbrega, LD and Araújo, TTF and Bezerra, SRS and Oliveira, GM and Do Nascimento, RM and Nogueira, PAMS and Tomaz, AF and Fernandes, ATDNSF}, title = {Prevalence and characteristics of respiratory and cardiovascular sequelae in post-COVID-19 syndromes: a scoping review.}, journal = {Expert review of respiratory medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1080/17476348.2025.2515992}, pmid = {40464778}, issn = {1747-6356}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Post acute and Long COVID-19 are a public health issue, marked by persistent respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms such as dyspnea and palpitations. These complications often extend beyond the acute phase, affecting even individuals with mild or moderate COVID-19. This article reviews the clinical impact of long COVID-19 and emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach to management.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, SciELO, and LILACS to identify studies published up to 28 October 2024, reporting on respiratory and cardiovascular sequelae in long COVID-19. This review examines the prevalence and characteristics of persistent symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and palpitations, as well as the associated risk factors and assessment methods.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: Long COVID-19 represents a significant healthcare challenge, underscoring the need for standardized protocols for diagnosis and treatment. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to address the diverse symptoms of affected patients. Future research should focus on understanding the underlying pathophysiology, and developing targeted therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40464669, year = {2025}, author = {Polishchuk, H and Synowiec, A and Zubrzycka, N and Kantyka, T}, title = {Porphyromonas gingivalis: Multiple Tools of an Inflammatory Damage.}, journal = {Molecular oral microbiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/omi.12496}, pmid = {40464669}, issn = {2041-1014}, support = {2016/22/E/NZ5/00332//National Centre of Science SONATA Bis/ ; 2021/41/N/NZ6/03762//National Centre of Science Preludium/ ; }, abstract = {Periodontitis (periodontal disease [PD]) is a complex inflammatory disease caused by a polymicrobial infection that facilitates the destruction of the connective tissue and bone that support the teeth. PD is highly correlated with cardiovascular disease, low birth weight, preterm osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a main causative agent of PD, is a non-motile, asaccharolytic, Gram-negative bacterium identified in subgingival, supragingival, and tongue sites in patients. P. gingivalis produces an arsenal of virulence factors, which include fimbriae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), gingipains and other proteases, P. gingivalis peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD), and others. Recently, a number of reports highlighted novel aspects of P. gingivalis virulence. LPS signaling via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was elucidated; outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) were implicated as the shuttle for inflammatory induction and neurotoxicity, and gingipains were found to disrupt the integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Further, Tpr protease substrate specificity was described in detail, a novel variant of PPAD was identified and correlated with the aggressive disease, and the role of C-terminal domain as the substrate for the Type IX secretion system (T9SS) transport has been unveiled, together with the identification of the first T9SS inhibitors. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted the novel research, expanding our understanding of the P. gingivalis correlation with viral infections. These recent findings implicate the need to update the current knowledge of the P. gingivalis virulence factors and provide a comprehensive review of the current trends in P. gingivalis research.}, }
@article {pmid40464430, year = {2025}, author = {Alalawi, RA and Khriji, SA and Ambusaidi, MA and Al-Saadi, T}, title = {Reviewed Article: Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastasis.}, journal = {The Gulf journal of oncology}, volume = {1}, number = {47}, pages = {14-23}, pmid = {40464430}, issn = {2078-2101}, mesh = {Humans ; *Radiosurgery/methods ; *Brain Neoplasms/secondary/radiotherapy/surgery ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Brain metastases pose a significant challenge in oncology, contributing to morbidity and mortality rates. These metastases originates from primary tumors in the breast, lung, and melanoma tumors and has promoted the exploration of several treatment modalities, including stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). SRS is considered to be one of the most effective treatments for brain metastases due to its precision in delivering high doses of radiation with low damage to the surrounding tissues.<br><br>METHOD: A search of Scopus database was conducted using key terms like "stereotactic," "radiosurgery," "brain metastasis," and "SRS". Relevant articles were screened based on title, abstract, and full text. The top 100 articles, ranked by citation frequency, were included, and analysed for various details including title, first author, publication year, journal name, journal impact factor, country of first author, country of study, first author institution, corresponding author institution, study design, patient involvement, number of patients studied, primary aim, source of metastasis, and study conclusion.<br><br>RESULTS: The top 100 cited articles on SRS for brain metastases were identified, with an average citation of 149 citations per article. The study found that the USA, followed by Japan and Switzerland, produced the highest number of publications on stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastasis. The University of Pittsburgh was the leading institution in the USA. The analysis showed an increasing trend in publications from 2007 to 2017, with a peak in 2010, followed by a decline, potentially influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment for brain metastases, delivering precise high-dose radiation with rapid dose fall-off. This study revealed that the USA, particularly the University of Pittsburgh, has produced the most publications on this topic. This information can help clinicians and researchers identify valuable articles and journals related to SRS.}, }
@article {pmid40462760, year = {2025}, author = {Fisman, D and Pérez-Rubio, A and Postma, M and Smith, DS and Mould-Quevedo, J}, title = {Maintaining the value of influenza vaccination - the shift from quadrivalent to trivalent vaccines: an expert review.}, journal = {Expert review of vaccines}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1080/14760584.2025.2515597}, pmid = {40462760}, issn = {1744-8395}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This review provides an expert perspective on the sustained value of seasonal influenza vaccines as they transition from quadrivalent to trivalent formulations, based on apparent elimination of the B/Yamagata strain from circulation and subsequent advice from the World Health Organization (WHO) to remove the B/Yamagata antigen from influenza vaccines. Influenza has a high clinical and economic burden globally. However, coronavirus disease 2019 has created new challenges for managing seasonal influenza by amplifying vaccine hesitancy. Understanding why influenza virus circulation is monitored and vaccines subsequently updated is important for all relevant stakeholders to maintain confidence in the value of seasonal influenza vaccination.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: Discussion is provided on the dynamic nature of communicable diseases, influenza virus monitoring and WHO vaccine composition guidance, and maintaining the value of influenza vaccination to individuals, society, and healthcare systems.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: The move from quadrivalent to trivalent influenza vaccines is a result of findings from strain surveillance. Continued surveillance and targeting of vaccines against strains most commonly in circulation to keep effectiveness high, and ensure the highest value of vaccination is vital to prevent influenza infection and severe illness, thus reducing pressure on healthcare systems and reducing the economic impact of influenza outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid40462133, year = {2025}, author = {Bertoni Maluf, VA and Herrmann, FR and Platon, A and Mendes, A and Dupertuis, YM and De Watteville, A and Heidegger, CP and Genton, L}, title = {Exploring the association between computed tomography (CT)-derived skeletal muscle mass and short- and long-term mortality in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Critical care (London, England)}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {223}, pmid = {40462133}, issn = {1466-609X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Critical Illness/mortality ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; *Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging ; *Mortality/trends ; Intensive Care Units/organization &amp; administration/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Low skeletal mass, often present at hospital admission, has been associated with poor prognoses.<br><br>AIM: To explore the association between computed tomography (CT)-derived skeletal muscle mass at the lumbar level and short- and long-term mortality in critically ill patients.<br><br>METHODS: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we included studies on critically ill adults (&#x2265;&#x2009;18&#xa0;years) hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) that measured CT-derived skeletal muscle mass at the lumbar vertebral level within&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;7&#xa0;days of ICU admission. The primary outcome was mortality, categorized as short-term (including ICU, hospital, 28- and 30-day mortality) and long-term (>&#x2009;30&#xa0;days) mortality. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched without date restrictions. Study screening was performed using Rayyan, data extraction was guided by a custom-designed tool, and quality assessment was performed using the JBI Cohort Study Checklist. A meta-analysis was conducted, focusing on studies that reported short- and long-term mortality among patients with preserved and reduced skeletal muscle. A prevalence meta-analysis was also performed for studies that reported the size of subgroups with low muscle mass.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 1248 unique records, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 9366 participants. The majority were retrospective, single-centre studies conducted on four continents and included heterogeneous populations such as patients with sepsis, COVID-19 and trauma. Sample sizes ranged from 36 to 939, with a wide age range, from 40 to 70&#xa0;s, and a predominance of male patients (62%). Skeletal mass was most commonly reported as skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra. Studies reported mainly short-term mortality on day 28 or 30. Long-term mortality, measured at 90&#xa0;days, 6&#xa0;months, and 1&#xa0;year, was evaluated in 11 studies. Meta-analyses revealed that low skeletal muscle mass area and index were significantly associated with increased risks of both short (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.33, CI 1.90-2.87, I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;41.39%)-and long-term mortality (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.67, CI 1.45-4.92, I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;62.24%). The overall prevalence of low muscle mass was 42% (CI 34-49%, I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;98.2%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: CT-assessed skeletal muscle mass at the lumbar level on admission to ICU is associated with both short- and long-term mortality. It may serve as a prognostic marker in critically ill patients. Standardized protocols for measuring and defining low skeletal muscle mass in this population are essential to improve comparability across studies.}, }
@article {pmid40460796, year = {2025}, author = {Eid, HMA and Al-Kuraishy, HM and Al-Gareeb, AI and Fawzy, MN and Papadakis, M and Almutawif, YA and Alexiou, A and Batiha, GE}, title = {GABA and GABAergic dysfunction in COVID-19: Piecing the puzzle with targeting immunity and several inflammatory pathways.}, journal = {Cytokine}, volume = {193}, number = {}, pages = {156976}, doi = {10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156976}, pmid = {40460796}, issn = {1096-0023}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic disease caused by a new type of respiratory virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The primary factors contributing to inflammatory and immunological diseases in patients with severe COVID-19 are primarily attributed to the excessive activation of T cells and macrophages, resulting in the massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins and chemokines. Studies have indicated that the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) possesses anti-inflammatory properties in mitigating certain inflammatory disorders. It has been shown that inflammation and oxidative stress caused by COVID-19 infection may lead to a disruption of GABAergic neurotransmission in COVID-19 patients. GABA and GABA agonists could be potential successful treatments for the management of COVID-19 by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the nod-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to discuss the potential role of GABA and GABA agonists in the alleviation of inflammatory disorders caused by COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40460495, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, Y and Yang, N and Li, Q and Tang, Y and Bai, B and Liu, G}, title = {Intestinal organoids: A novel and ideal in vitro platform for swine enteric coronavirus investigations.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {610}, number = {}, pages = {110595}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110595}, pmid = {40460495}, issn = {1096-0341}, abstract = {Swine enteric coronavirus-derived disease is an acute, highly contagious and infectious disease that causes symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and high lethality in suckling piglets, posing a serious threat to the global pig farming industry. The main viral pathogens responsible for the disease include TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV. The investigations of these viruses have been severely impeded by the lack of good in vitro culture systems and small animal models. Intestinal organoids are derived from crypt stem cells, which undergo growth, development and differentiation into structures resembling the intestinal tube morphology, thereby serving as an effective model for studying enteric pathogen‒host interactions in a manner that is as close as possible to in vivo conditions. This review outlines the establishment, regulation, and applications of intestinal organoids, with a particular focus on the advancements in research made possible by swine enteric coronaviruses using this model. The limitations of the intestinal organoids model and potential avenues for future improvement are also discussed. Finally, the findings emphasize the benefits of intestinal organoid models in investigating intestinal pathogen‒host interactions and how they will continue to offer a valuable platform for swine enteric coronavirus research with further developments in intestinal organoid technology.}, }
@article {pmid40458900, year = {2025}, author = {Biagiola, S and Alfieri, N and Di Mario, S and Evangelista, G and Grima, D and Sodo, S and La Torre, G}, title = {The effect of workload on the development of burnout syndrome in Covid-19 intensive care nurses: a systematic review.}, journal = {Rivista di psichiatria}, volume = {60}, number = {3}, pages = {103-116}, doi = {10.1708/4509.45085}, pmid = {40458900}, issn = {2038-2502}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/nursing/epidemiology ; *Burnout, Professional/epidemiology/etiology ; *Workload/psychology ; *Critical Care Nursing ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Intensive Care Units ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nowadays, it is well-known that burnout is a syndrome that mainly affects the helping professions. The nursing profession is obviously among those categories of workers that can develop burnout and, precisely because of its proximity to people who suffer associated with high workloads characterized by high emotional impacts.<br><br>AIM: The aim of this systematic review is, therefore, to highlight whether the high nursing workload during the pandemic has contributed to the onset of burnout syndrome in nurses who served in intensive care units (ICUs) dedicated to the care of Covid-19 patients.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was carried out. The main scientific databases were consulted, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and CINAHL analyzing all the papers present in literature. Using PRISMA guidelines, fifteen articles were included in the review. The protocol for this review has been registered on PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024502094). The quality assessment of the articles included in this review was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies.<br><br>RESULTS: In accordance with the literature, all the 15 included studies documented high levels of burnout among ICU professionals, nevertheless those levels were greater than the ones registered in the pre-pandemic period. In Covid-19 era, nurses experienced higher levels of burnout compared to other professions and working as a nurse was identified as an independent risk factor for increased risk of burnout. As reported by all included studies, the overwhelming severity of Covid-19 patients entailed a significant increase in workload for health care providers, particularly nurses. Ultimately, this increase showed a significant correlation with increased burnout risk.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The review highlights the correlation between workload and burnout of nurses in Covid-19 intensive care units. It is expected that this and other studies will contribute to a better understanding of the importance of assigning the adequate workload to nurses.}, }
@article {pmid40458684, year = {2025}, author = {Stolker, JM and Steg, PG and Rossini, R and Prabhakaran, D and Tokgözoğlu, L and Sattar, N}, title = {Could Acute COVID-19 Infection Ignite Thrombotic Risk?.}, journal = {European cardiology}, volume = {20}, number = {}, pages = {e14}, pmid = {40458684}, issn = {1758-3764}, abstract = {With the growing body of evidence of the ischaemic and thrombotic risks associated with recent COVID-19 infection, this expert commentary reviews the data on the cardiovascular risk implications of COVID-19 and considers potential management approaches for these patients. The authors' opinions were gauged against a global healthcare professional survey to measure current levels of agreement, lending support to their validity. While the need for ongoing research to improve the understanding of this disease is appreciated, the authors recognise that there is the potential to transform management approaches to reduce the health impact of COVID-19 infection among high-risk patients, especially those with established cardiovascular disease.}, }
@article {pmid40458419, year = {2025}, author = {Tenkorang, PO and Awuah, WA and Mannan, KM and Roy, S and Nkrumah Boateng, PA and Asiedu, O and Tahiru, M and Ahluwalia, A and Owusu Bediako, NO and Darko, K}, title = {The transformative power of telemedicine in delivering effective neurosurgical care in low and middle-income countries: A review.}, journal = {Brain &amp; spine}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {104269}, pmid = {40458419}, issn = {2772-5294}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Telemedicine has been integrated into healthcare systems for over two decades, with the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating its adoption across various medical fields, including neurosurgery. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face significant challenges such as a shortage of neurosurgeons and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. Teleneurosurgery offers a crucial solution to these challenges, improving access to specialized care and enhancing patient outcomes in resource-constrained settings.<br><br>RESEARCH QUESTION: How has teleneurosurgery been used to enhance access to specialized neurological care and improve patient outcomes in low- and middle-income countries?<br><br>METHODS: This narrative review employed a comprehensive search strategy to assess the role of telemedicine in neurosurgery within Low- and middle-income countries. Literature was searched across PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus, using specific search terms related to teleneurosurgery, virtual consultations, and remote monitoring. Various study designs, including clinical trials, cohort studies, and case reports, were included, while isolated abstracts and unpublished studies were excluded. The review synthesizes the evidence to inform best practices in resource-limited environments.<br><br>RESULTS: Through remote consultations, pre-operative assessments and post-operative follow-up, telemedicine has become an essential tool to improve patient outcomes and increase access to neurosurgical care, particularly in underserved regions. The ability to conduct virtual assessments and provide specialized care remotely reduces the need for patients to travel long distances, thereby reducing the burden on already strained healthcare systems.<br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Despite its growing adoption, low- and middle-income countries continue to face challenges such as limited internet connectivity, regulatory barriers, and infrastructure deficiencies. However, mobile health solutions, international collaborations, and capacity-building initiatives are helping to overcome these obstacles. The future of teleneurosurgery in low- and middle-income countries is promising, but sustained investment in technology, training, and regulatory frameworks is essential to maximize its impact and address disparities in neurosurgical care.}, }
@article {pmid40372276, year = {2025}, author = {Wood, C and Salter, WZ and Garcia, I and Nguyen, M and Rios, A and Oropeza, J and Ugwa, D and Mukherjee, U and Sehar, U and Reddy, PH}, title = {Age-associated changes in the heart: implications for COVID-19 therapies.}, journal = {Aging}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {1340-1367}, doi = {10.18632/aging.206251}, pmid = {40372276}, issn = {1945-4589}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/complications ; *Aging/physiology/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Heart/physiopathology/physiology ; Oxidative Stress ; Female ; Male ; }, abstract = {Cardiac aging involves progressive structural, functional, cellular, and molecular changes that impair heart function. This review explores key mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage heart muscle cells, contributing to fibrosis and cellular aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction reduces energy production and increases oxidative stress, accelerating cardiac decline. Impaired autophagy limits the removal of damaged proteins and organelles, while inflammation activates signaling molecules that drive tissue remodeling. Gender differences reveal estrogen's protective role in premenopausal women, with men showing greater susceptibility to heart muscle dysfunction and injury. After menopause, women lose this hormonal protection, increasing their risk of cardiovascular conditions. Ethnic disparities, particularly among underserved minority populations, emphasize how social factors such as access to care, environment, and chronic stress contribute to worsening cardiovascular outcomes. The coronavirus disease pandemic has introduced further challenges by increasing the incidence of heart damage through inflammation, blood clots, and long-term heart failure, especially in older adults with existing metabolic conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure. The virus's interaction with receptors on heart and blood vessel cells, along with a weakened immune response in older adults, intensifies cardiac aging. Emerging therapies include delivery of therapeutic extracellular vesicles, immune cell modulation, and treatments targeting mitochondria. In addition, lifestyle strategies such as regular physical activity, nutritional improvements, and stress reduction remain vital to maintaining cardiac health. Understanding how these biological and social factors intersect is critical to developing targeted strategies that promote healthy aging of the heart.}, }
@article {pmid40476261, year = {2024}, author = {Fadlallah, R and El-Jardali, F and Karroum, LB and Kalach, N and Hoteit, R and Aoun, A and Al-Hakim, L and Verdugo-Paiva, F and Rada, G and Fretheim, A and Lewin, S and Ludolph, R and Akl, EA}, title = {The effects of public health and social measures (PHSM) implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of systematic reviews.}, journal = {Cochrane evidence synthesis and methods}, volume = {2}, number = {5}, pages = {e12055}, pmid = {40476261}, issn = {2832-9023}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: To systematically review the effectiveness and unintended health and socioeconomic consequences of public health and social measures (PHSM) aimed at reducing the scale and risk of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<br><br>METHODS: This review followed guidance about overviews of reviews in the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions and used the Epistemonikos database's COVID-19 Living Overview of Evidence repository as a primary search source. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) checklist.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 94 reviews were included, of which eight (9%) had "moderate" to "high" confidence ratings on the AMSTAR 2. Of 16 reviews (17%) reporting applying the GRADE framework, none found high certainty evidence for any of our outcomes of interest. Across the 94 reviews, the most frequently examined PHSM were personal protection (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;18, 19%). Within multicomponent interventions, so-called "lockdown" was the most frequently examined component (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;39, 41%). The most frequently reported outcome category was non-COVID-19-related health outcomes (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;58, 62%). Only five (5%) reviews reported on socioeconomic outcomes. Findings from the eight reviews with moderate or high confidence ratings on AMSTAR 2 are narratively summarized. There is low-certainty evidence that multicomponent interventions may reduce the transmission of COVID-19 in different settings. For active surveillance and response measures, low-certainty evidence suggests that routine testing of residents and staff in long-term care facilities may reduce the number of infections, hospitalizations, and deaths among residents. We found very low-certainty evidence about the effectiveness of personal protection measures, travel-related control measures, and environmental measures. Unintended consequences were rarely examined by those eight reviews.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We found predominantly low- to very low-certainty evidence regarding the effectiveness and unintended consequences of PHSM in controlling the risk and scale of COVID-19 transmission. There is a need to improve the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews.}, }
@article {pmid40474993, year = {2023}, author = {Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM and Movsisyan, A and Kothari, K and Conway, T and Tierney, M and Madden, C and Taneri, PE and O'Halloran, JA and Nurdin, N and Murphy, L and Mulholland, D and Tricco, AC and Devane, D}, title = {Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies: A scoping review.}, journal = {Cochrane evidence synthesis and methods}, volume = {1}, number = {9}, pages = {e12030}, pmid = {40474993}, issn = {2832-9023}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Rapid identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections by testing potentially reduced coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) cases. Testing strategies varied across countries and during different stages of the pandemic. This scoping review aims to map the available evidence on the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies for suspected cases and asymptomatic populations to inform the development of World Health Organization recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies.<br><br>METHODS: We followed the standard methods for scoping reviews. We searched Medline (OVID), EMBASE (Elsevier), and Europe PMC using a comprehensive search strategy. The search was conducted in January 2023 and covered the period from January 2020 to January 2023. Two review authors independently screened the titles and abstracts, and full texts. Data were extracted onto a pilot-tested form by a review author and cross-checked by another review author. We provided a descriptive report summarizing the extracted data around the outcomes and created an interactive map of the available evidence using the evidence for policy and practice mapper.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 34,550 citations from the databases. After the screening, we included 17 studies from 11 countries for data extraction. The study designs were randomized controlled trials (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;3), nonrandomized experimental studies (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;3), cohort studies (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;3), cross-sectional studies (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;4), self-controlled case series (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;1), and economic evaluations (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;3).&#xa0; Among the included studies, 14 used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction&#xa0;and 10 studies used antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic test. The settings of the studies were healthcare facilities (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;8), communities (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;4), schools, and workplaces (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;3). Included studies considered symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, or both, or asymptomatic contacts. Most of the studies (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;14) reported the COVID-19 positivity rate as the primary outcome. Other reported outcomes are the number of COVID-19 cases (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;11), number of hospitalizations and deaths (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;3), and cost (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;3).<br><br>CONCLUSION: We identified evidence gaps in the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies, particularly in specific settings such as schools and long-term care facilities. This scoping review provides a foundation for further research, allowing researchers and stakeholders to focus on addressing the identified gaps.}, }
@article {pmid40476872, year = {2023}, author = {Leo, BF and Lin, CY and Markandan, K and Saw, LH and Mohd Nadzir, MS and Govindaraju, K and Shariffuddin, II and Sankara, R and Tiong, YW and Pakalapati, H and Khalid, M}, title = {An overview of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and engineering strategies to mitigate risk.}, journal = {Journal of building engineering}, volume = {73}, number = {}, pages = {106737}, pmid = {40476872}, issn = {2352-7102}, abstract = {The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected every aspect of our lives. To date, experts have acknowledged that airborne transmission is a key piece of the SARS-CoV-2 puzzle. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear. Recent works have shown the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 through numerical modeling and experimental works, but the successful applications of engineering approaches in reducing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 are lacking. In this review, the environmental factors that influence the transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2, such as ventilation flow rates, humidity, and temperature, are discussed. Besides, additional macro and micro weather factors, regional and global transmission, and the variants of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 are also reviewed. Engineering approaches that practically reduce the risks of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions are reported. Given the complex human behavior, environmental properties, and dynamic nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it is reasonable to summarize that SARS-CoV-2 may not be eradicated even with the timely implementation of interventions. Therefore, more research exploring the potential cost-effective ways to control the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 may be a worthwhile pursuit to moderate the current crisis.}, }
@article {pmid40476929, year = {2023}, author = {Fanzo, J and Miachon, L}, title = {Harnessing the connectivity of climate change, food systems and diets: Taking action to improve human and planetary health.}, journal = {Anthropocene}, volume = {42}, number = {}, pages = {100381}, pmid = {40476929}, issn = {2213-3054}, abstract = {With climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, and ongoing conflicts, food systems and the diets they produce are facing increasing fragility. In a turbulent, hot world, threatened resiliency and sustainability of food systems could make it all the more complicated to nourish a population of 9.7 billion by 2050. Climate change is having adverse impacts across food systems with more frequent and intense extreme events that will challenge food production, storage, and transport, potentially imperiling the global population's ability to access and afford healthy diets. Inadequate diets will contribute further to detrimental human and planetary health impacts. At the same time, the way food is grown, processed, packaged, and transported is having adverse impacts on the environment and finite natural resources further accelerating climate change, tropical deforestation, and biodiversity loss. This state-of-the-science iterative review covers three areas. The paper's first section presents how climate change is connected to food systems and how dietary trends and foods consumed worldwide impact human health, climate change, and environmental degradation. The second area articulates how food systems affect global dietary trends and the macro forces shaping food systems and diets. The last section highlights how specific food policies and actions related to dietary transitions can contribute to climate adaptation and mitigation responses and, at the same time, improve human and planetary health. While there is significant urgency in acting, it is also critical to move beyond the political inertia and bridge the separatism of food systems and climate change agendas that currently exists among governments and private sector actors. The window is closing and closing fast.}, }
@article {pmid40476925, year = {2023}, author = {Hendrikse, R}, title = {Dissecting pandemic-cum-wartime authoritarianism.}, journal = {International politics (Hague, Netherlands)}, volume = {60}, number = {2}, pages = {470-481}, doi = {10.1057/s41311-023-00448-6}, pmid = {40476925}, issn = {1740-3898}, }
@article {pmid40476921, year = {2023}, author = {Hussain, A and Kausar, T and Sehar, S and Sarwar, A and Quddoos, MY and Aslam, J and Liaqat, A and Siddique, T and An, QU and Kauser, S and Rehman, A and Nisar, R}, title = {A review on biochemical constituents of pumpkin and their role as pharma foods; a key strategy to improve health in post COVID 19 period.}, journal = {Food production, processing and nutrition}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {22}, pmid = {40476921}, issn = {2661-8974}, abstract = {Progression of today's world has been given setback due to the adversity of a novel, viral, deadly outbreak COVID 19, which raised the concerns of the scientists, researchers and health related officials about the inherent and adaptive immune system of the living body and its relation with healthy diet balanced with pharma foods. Now world is coming out of the destructive pandemic era, the choice of right food can help to build and boost adaptive immunity and pumpkin due to excellent profile of functional and nutraceutical constituents could be the part of both infected and non-infected person's daily diet. Vitamins like A, C and E, minerals like zinc, iron and selenium, essential oils, peptides, carotenoids and polysaccharides present in pumpkin could accommodate the prevailing deficiencies in the body to fought against the viral pathogens. In current post COVID 19 scenario adequate supply of healthy diet, balanced with pharma foods could play a basic role in boosting immune system of the populations. This review covers the pharmacological activities of pumpkin functional constituents in relation with COVID 19 pandemic. Pumpkins are well equipped with nutraceuticals and functional bioactives like tocopherols, polyphenols, terpenoids and lutein therefore, consumption and processing of this remarkable vegetable could be encouraged as pharma food due to its antihyperlipidemic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. Need of healthy eating in current post COVID 19 period is very crucial for healthy population, and medicinal foods like pumpkin could play a vital role in developing a healthy community around the globe.}, }
@article {pmid40476919, year = {2023}, author = {Mermiri, M and Mavrovounis, G and Laou, E and Papagiannakis, N and Pantazopoulos, I and Chalkias, A}, title = {Association of vasopressors with mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Anesthesiology and perioperative science}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {10}, pmid = {40476919}, issn = {2731-8389}, abstract = {UNLABELLED: Exogenous catecholamines may have pronounced side effects and affect physiological cascades. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vasopressors on mortality of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted for relevant articles until December 2022. Eligibility criteria were randomized controlled and non-randomized trials. The primary outcome was in-hospital and 30-day mortality. The quality of studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) tool, while paired meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled risk ratios (RR) along with their 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). Analyses of 22 studies (n = 8034) revealed that vasopressor use is associated with mortality compared to no vasopressor therapy [RR (95%CI): 4.30 (3.21, 5.75); p < 0.001]. In-hospital and 30-day mortality are significantly higher in patients who receive vasopressors [RR (95%CI): 4.60 (2.47, 8.55); p < 0.001 and RR (95%CI): 2.97 (1.72, 5.14); p < 0.001, respectively]. Also, analyses of data from 10 studies (n = 3519) revealed that vasopressor use is associated with acute kidney injury [RR (95%CI): 3.17 (2.21, 4.54); p < 0.001]. In conclusion, current use of vasopressors in critically ill patients with COVID-19 may be associated with higher in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, and incidence rate of acute kidney injury. Further research is required to estimate the correlation of specific vasopressor characteristics (type, timing, dose, combination) with adverse effects and mortality in this population.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44254-023-00013-7.}, }
@article {pmid40476913, year = {2023}, author = {Soni, S and Paari, KA}, title = {A review on the immunomodulatory properties of functional nutraceuticals as dietary interventions for children to combat COVID-19 related infections.}, journal = {Food production, processing and nutrition}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {17}, pmid = {40476913}, issn = {2661-8974}, abstract = {COVID-19 is a significant threat to humanity in the present day due to the rapid increase in the number of infections worldwide. While most children may be spared of the direct mortality effects of the disease, those with weak immune systems are prone to adverse effects. Child mortality increases due to the stress caused to the health care system that disrupts essential health care needs such as immunisation and antenatal care. The use of functional foods (FF) aids in disease-prevention as they are known to have protective effects against COVID-19 by boosting children's cellular and humoral immunity. Plant components such as glycyrrhizin, epigallocatechin gallate, allicin, and fucoidan exhibit antiviral properties against various viruses, including SARS-CoV 2. Microbial foods that are made of probiotics, can enhance immunity against various respiratory viruses. Food enriched with additives such as lactoferrin, piperine, and zinc can boost immunity against COVID-19. With proper definitive drug therapy not available for treating COVID-19 and most of the disease management tools rely on symptoms and non-specific supportive care, developing a functional paediatric formulation will prevent further deterioration in infant health. It is wise to investigate the toxicological aspects of Functional Foods components especially when formulating for children. The safe limits of ingredients should be strictly followed during FFs formulation. Stronger regulations with advanced analytical techniques can help to formulate functional foods into the mainstream in child nutraceuticals. The purpose of this review is to compile collective information on the functional nutraceuticals specifically for infants and children up to the age of 10 years that could confer immunity against COVID-19 and other related viruses.}, }
@article {pmid40476908, year = {2023}, author = {Yang, D and Wang, H and Metwally, AHS and Huang, R}, title = {Student engagement during emergency remote teaching: A scoping review.}, journal = {Smart learning environments}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {24}, pmid = {40476908}, issn = {2196-7091}, abstract = {Research on student engagement has recently gained popularity as it can address problems such as early dropout and poor achievement. The growing interest in investigating student engagement during the Covid-19 pandemic is reflected in increased publications addressing this topic. However, no review provided research evidence and an overview of existing literature on student engagement during emergency remote teaching (ERT). We reviewed how student engagement studies were undertaken during ERT from three perspectives: (1) the landscape of studies, (2) methodologies issues, and (3) the strategies used to facilitate student engagement. 42 articles were analysed from an initial pool of 436 search results. The findings illustrate that current studies were predominately undertaken in the United States (36%) and China (22%) with focusing on STEM subjects as a dominant discipline. The literature was largely inconsistent in defining and measuring student engagement. In addition, the majority of studies (57%) investigated students' engagement from the perspective of students, unlike other stakeholders. The most prominent finding is that ERT promoted several important engagement strategies, including motivational factors, teachers' facilitation, a hybrid learning model, and using learning technologies to boost students' engagement.}, }
@article {pmid40477251, year = {2022}, author = {Llinás-Caballero, K and Rodríguez, Y and Fernández-Sarmiento, J and Rodríguez-Jiménez, M and Anaya, JM}, title = {Kawasaki disease in Colombia: A systematic review and contrast with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19.}, journal = {Revista colombiana de reumatologia}, volume = {29}, number = {}, pages = {S66-S76}, pmid = {40477251}, issn = {2027-9000}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis with multisystem involvement. Recently, the increasing incidence of a condition that closely resembles KD in many cases, named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), has set off alarms amid the current worldwide coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Hence, the aim is to conduct a systematic review of the literature about KD in Colombia and contrast it with COVID-19-related MIS-C.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search was carried out in both international and Latin American electronic databases for publications concerning patients with KD in the Colombian population. Records were then screened by titles and/or abstracts, assessed for eligibility, and reviewed. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The search included studies reporting MIS-C associated with COVID-19, and compared these patients with our findings of KD in Colombia.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 36 publications retrieved, 17 were included, representing 120 individuals. Male to female ratio was 1.6, and most patients (90.4%) were aged 5 years or less. Among the main features of KD, fever was the most frequent (96.2% of the patients), while cervical lymphadenopathy was present in only 40.6%. Intravenous immunoglobulin was administered in 91.4% cases and 6.2% were resistant. Cardiac involvement was found in around 30%, and 20% had coronary artery lesions. Comparison between MIS-C associated with COVID-19 and KD in Colombia indicates that patients affected by MIS-C were older (72.2% of MIS-C patients&#xa0;>&#xa0;5 years), had higher rates of cardiac involvement, and required critical care more often.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings of KD in Colombia are consistent with the available descriptions of KD in the scientific literature. Given the increasing rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Colombia and Latin America, our study raises awareness about MIS-C in pediatric patients with COVID-19 and its relationship with KD.}, }
@article {pmid40477143, year = {2021}, author = {Naranjo Arango, YA and Farfán Cortés, AYAA and García Henao, JP and Arango Slingsby, C and Saldarriaga Rivera, LM}, title = {[Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19: a rheumatology perspective].}, journal = {Revista colombiana de reumatologia}, volume = {28}, number = {4}, pages = {289-299}, pmid = {40477143}, issn = {2027-9000}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) produced by SARS-CoV-2 has taken on great importance in recent months, and is under constant investigation by different areas of medicine, including rheumatology, in search of the best evidence scientific. In the case of the paediatric population, it is particularly important as it was first thought that the impact of the pandemic in this population would be less due to the low presence of severe cases. Evidence is now being reported of clinical pictures in children with a diagnosis of COVID-19 who are characterised by an altered inflammatory state consisting of a storm of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produces manifestations similar to those presented in autoimmune diseases, such as Kawasaki disease. It has been called Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in children, temporarily associated with SARS-CoV-2 which, in many cases requires hospitalisation in paediatric intensive care units and multidisciplinary management by various specialties.}, }
@article {pmid40477261, year = {2021}, author = {Xia, X and Wang, Y and Zheng, JC}, title = {Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in mediating RNA virus infection.}, journal = {Fundamental research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {179-185}, pmid = {40477261}, issn = {2667-3258}, abstract = {The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has once again shrouded people in the enormous threat of RNA virus. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), eukaryotic cells-derived small bi-layer vesicles mainly consisting of exosomes and microvesicles, share many properties with RNA viruses including structure, size, generation, and uptake. Emerging evidence has implicated the involvement of EVs in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases induced by RNA viruses. EVs can transfer viral receptors (e.g., ACE2 and CD9) to recipient cells to facilitate viral infection, directly transport infectious viral particles to adjacent cells for virus spreading, and mask viruses with a host structure to escape immune surveillance. Here, we examine the current status of EVs to summarize their roles in mediating RNA virus infection, together with a comprehensive discussion of the underlying mechanisms.}, }
@article {pmid40477216, year = {2021}, author = {Huang, Q and Yan, J}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 virus: Vaccines in development.}, journal = {Fundamental research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {131-138}, pmid = {40477216}, issn = {2667-3258}, abstract = {The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is an unprecedented challenge to humanity. Global herd immunity may be necessary before resumption of normal economic and societal activities. Since the beginning of the outbreak, the development of COVID-19 vaccines has proceeded at record speed using nearly all available platforms or strategies to maximize vaccine success. A total of 42 vaccine candidates have now entered clinical trials and encouraging data from several vaccine candidates in phase 1 or 2 clinical trials have been reported. In this review, we examine current COVID-19 vaccine candidates, discuss their strengths and weaknesses, summarize published clinical data and analyze future challenges.}, }
@article {pmid40477151, year = {2021}, author = {Li, T and Zhang, T and Gu, Y and Li, S and Xia, N}, title = {Current progress and challenges in the design and development of a successful COVID-19 vaccine.}, journal = {Fundamental research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {139-150}, pmid = {40477151}, issn = {2667-3258}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still a worldwide concern, with little to no sign of a decreasing trend. There is a general consensus that normal life will be hampered until a safe and effective vaccine strategy is available and globally administered. Numerous countries have accelerated the clinical trials process for the development of a successful COVID-19 treatment, with over 200 candidates presently available for testing against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we provide an overview of the COVID-19 vaccine candidates currently in development, discuss the scientific and practical challenges associated with COVID-19 vaccine design, and share the potential strategies that could be exploited for vaccine design success.}, }
@article {pmid40477122, year = {2021}, author = {Lin, Y and Zhao, Z and Zheng, J and Liu, J and Huang, A}, title = {Realization of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infections.}, journal = {Fundamental research}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {186-188}, pmid = {40477122}, issn = {2667-3258}, }
@article {pmid40477259, year = {2021}, author = {Scerri, M and Grech, V}, title = {Discussion: COVID-19's impact on sports and athletes.}, journal = {German journal of exercise and sport research}, volume = {51}, number = {3}, pages = {390-393}, pmid = {40477259}, issn = {2509-3150}, abstract = {As major sport events have been cancelled and postponed in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the necessity to protect and provide a holistic approach to the professional athlete has never been greater. To do so one must understand the negative consequences for athletes in relation to the cancellation and postponement of such events caused by a communicable pandemic. The aim of this paper is to give a brief overview of how athletes were affected during the current COVID-19 pandemic. It will also discuss the role of athletes during a pandemic. Athletes like other celebrities can be role models. They can encourage appropriate behaviours including social distancing to help stall the spread of the virus through social media. The article ends with a short discussion on the resumption of sports after lockdown. In such a context of uncertainty, maximum caution is needed for resumption of sports to ensure a smooth return to previous high levels of training and fitness.}, }
@article {pmid40477247, year = {2021}, author = {Geng, Q}, title = {The Belt and Road Initiative and its Implications for Global Renewable Energy Development.}, journal = {Current sustainable/renewable energy reports}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {40-49}, pmid = {40477247}, issn = {2196-3010}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article first demonstrates the natural potential of renewable energy development in BRI countries; second, the Rising Power Framework is introduced to investigate the improvement brought by BRI for renewable energy development in host countries. Finally, the political and economic challenges as well as those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for renewable energy development are also identified.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The review shows that the BRI project indeed improved the renewable energy development in host countries, while the scale of renewable energy development, especially solar and wind energy, is heavily dependent on the amount of funding; moreover, the degree of technological improvement is determined by host countries' development needs and absorption capacity.<br><br>SUMMARY: In conclusion, this paper proposes a consideration related to the structure of energy investment under the BRI.}, }
@article {pmid40477027, year = {2020}, author = {Chen, D and Zhu, L and Lin, X and Hong, Z and Li, S and Liu, L and Zhou, D}, title = {Epilepsy control during an epidemic: emerging approaches and a new management framework.}, journal = {Acta epileptologica}, volume = {2}, number = {}, pages = {6}, pmid = {40477027}, issn = {2524-4434}, abstract = {Epidemics are a big threat to world health. The ongoing pandemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a series of challenges to public health. One such challenge is the management of chronic diseases such as epilepsy during an epidemic event. Studies on this topic are rather limited and the related medical practice is full of uncertainty. Here we review recent development of potential approaches for epilepsy control during an epidemic and propose a new three-level management framework to address these challenges.}, }
@article {pmid40477081, year = {2020}, author = {Lakhtakia, S and Ramchandani, M}, title = {Triaging Patients Undergoing Endoscopy During COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of digestive endoscopy}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {41-43}, pmid = {40477081}, issn = {0976-5050}, abstract = {"Triaging for endoscopy" is the process to determine the most deserving patients after careful scrutiny amongst a pool of patients who report for Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy diagnostic or interventional procedures that include Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD), Colonoscopy, ERCP, EUS and Enteroscopy. The purpose of triaging at endoscopy is to prevent transmission of SARS-COV2 infection from suspected patient to the health care workers involved at endoscopy. The three professional Indian Gastroenterology bodies namely Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India (SGEI), Indian Society of Gastroenterology (ISG) &amp; Indian Association for the study of the liver (INASL) have recently provided guidance of scheduling of endoscopic procedures in the current Covid-9 pandemic. Similar suggestions have been promulgated by other international bodies.}, }
@article {pmid40477080, year = {2020}, author = {Dhar Chowdhury, S and Oommen, AM}, title = {Epidemiology of COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of digestive endoscopy}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {3-7}, pmid = {40477080}, issn = {0976-5050}, abstract = {COVID-19, an infectious respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV2), has now spread to multiple countries including India. The pace at which the disease spread in the last 4 months, since it was first recognized from China, is unprecedented. This review of the epidemiology of COVID-19 summarizes the burden of infection, transmission dynamics, and other related epidemiological features. While countries such as China, Italy, and the United States have particularly high-rates of infection, the disease is gradually spreading in India as well, threatening the health and economy of the country. Transmission in asymptomatic cases, early symptomatic phase, as well as limited access to testing in different settings are factors that have led to the rapid spread of infection. A large case series from China revealed that 81% of cases had mild symptoms, 14% had severe disease, and 5% were afflicted with critical illness. While the mortality in China was reported as 2.3%, Italy, with a high-proportion of elderly, reported a case fatality report of 7.2% due to higher infection and mortality rates among the elderly. Being a highly infectious disease, with a basic reproduction number between 2 to 3, COVID-19 is affecting a large number of healthcare workers, as evidenced by the fact that a sizeable portion of reported infections in the US included healthcare workers. Delivering health care for both COVID-19 affected individuals, as well those with other acute and chronic conditions, with limited access to healthcare facilities and services, are challenges for the health systems in low- and middle-income countries, which require immediate measures for health system strengthening across sectors.}, }
@article {pmid40477079, year = {2020}, author = {Gunjan, D and Garg, P}, title = {Indications for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy during the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of digestive endoscopy}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {33-38}, pmid = {40477079}, issn = {0976-5050}, abstract = {The global pandemic due to COVID-19 presents an unprecedented challenge to mankind including healthcare providers. Many COVID-19 infected patients may present with gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopic services may be required in complicated COVID-19 infected or suspected patients. In addition, resource allocation would demand judicious use of endoscopy services. There is a definite risk of transmission of COVID-19 during endoscopy to healthcare professionals. We recommend that only emergency and life-saving endoscopic procedures should be performed during COVID-19 pandemic, and semi-elective procedures should be performed after careful consideration. All routine endoscopy procedures should be deferred till normal hospital services resume. For emergency endoscopy procedures, prescreening of patients is critical to avoid nosocomial transmission. To prevent cross-infection among healthcare professionals, strict infection control measures should be practiced in endoscopy suite while providing essential endoscopic services to the patients.}, }
@article {pmid40477066, year = {2020}, author = {Zacharias, P and Ahamed, H}, title = {Techniques of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy-Do We Need to Change Anything?.}, journal = {Journal of digestive endoscopy}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {55-58}, pmid = {40477066}, issn = {0976-5050}, abstract = {Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to different parts of the world and was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Health care workers are at increased risk of contracting the disease due to their nature of work and close contact with the patients. Staff in endoscopy need to be aware of this risk due to the aerosol-generating nature of procedures and the presence of virus particles in stool samples of infected persons. The risk of asymptomatic patients spreading the disease is also a cause for concern. This article intends to provide guidance and recommendations for techniques and practice of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy to prevent infection in endoscopy unit.}, }
@article {pmid40477060, year = {2020}, author = {Mathew, S and Philip, M}, title = {Personal Protective Equipment during Endoscopy.}, journal = {Journal of digestive endoscopy}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {45-52}, pmid = {40477060}, issn = {0976-5050}, abstract = {The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which originated in China has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This virus gets transmitted through air droplets and direct contact. Health care workers doing aerosol-generating procedures are at a higher risk of acquiring the infection. Many procedures done by the gastrointestinal endoscopists are classified as aerosol-generating procedures, which in turn underline the need for proper safety precautions during these procedures. Apart from general safety measures advised by various organizations, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is a pivotal factor in safeguarding health care personnel during endoscopy. This article provides a short overview of the different PPEs available and their proper use in endoscopy.}, }
@article {pmid40477045, year = {2020}, author = {Jha, AK and Kumar, R and Goenka, MK and Dayal, VM}, title = {Emerging Treatment and Prevention Strategies against COVID-19: A Brief Update.}, journal = {Journal of digestive endoscopy}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {69-72}, pmid = {40477045}, issn = {0976-5050}, abstract = {Patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at significantly increased risk for mortality and morbidity. Current management remains supportive care, ranging from symptomatic outpatient management to full-intensive care support, including intravenous fluids, invasive, and non-invasive oxygen supplementation. In patients with septic shock, treatment with antibiotics and vasopressors are recommended to keep mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 65 mm Hg and lactate < 2 mmol/L. Because of the lack of effectiveness and possible adverse effects, routine corticosteroids should be avoided unless they are indicated for another reason (exacerbation of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], and septic shock in whom fluids and vasopressors do not restore hemodynamic stability). There is currently no sufficient evidence of efficacy of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, remdesivir, and other antivirals in the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. Limited evidence shows that COVID-19 convalescent plasma can be used as a treatment of COVID-19 without the occurrence of severe adverse events. Drug regulatory agencies granted an emergency-use authorization of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir to treat patients when a clinical trial is not available or participation is not feasible. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are associated with QT interval prolongation and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Guidelines are issued for use of convalescent plasma in patients with serious or immediately life-threatening COVID-19. Data from several ongoing randomized controlled trials will provide further evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of these drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40477041, year = {2020}, author = {Patel, DA and Shah, CN}, title = {Navigating Through the Financial Crisis that may Occur during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic for Gastroenterologists.}, journal = {Journal of digestive endoscopy}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {76-80}, pmid = {40477041}, issn = {0976-5050}, abstract = {Introduction Considering the specific set of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, it is witnessed that the number of patients forelective procedures are being deferred by the patients amid various concerns ranging from financial constraint to the fear of infection from the dreaded coronavirus. With Routine endoscopy procedures recommended to be safely postponed, the impact on the practice of Gastrointestinal Endoscopists shall be magnified. Assessment and Strategy The article discusses impact and remedial actions that may be taken by Gastrointestinal Endoscopists, which classified into: - Anindependent practitioner - A consultant - An employee The article further touches upon the difficulties that might be envisaged by the Gastrointestinal Endoscopists, and obtain a financial understanding of what could potentially lead to an existential crisis? Those with cash reserves sit in a pleasant position i.e. they can buy assets at an attractive price, experiment with new ideas, research and development, etc. It is imperative in these times to understand the uncertainty cast on operations of Gastrointestinal Endoscopists and prepare a response plan for coming out of this economic crisis. A roadmap also has been devised which provides a possible outline of a plan that can be implemented for handling the economic crisis. It is also important to answer these two questions: 1. Who do I want to be during the crisis? 2. Who do I want to be when this is over?}, }
@article {pmid40477032, year = {2020}, author = {Setya, AK}, title = {Being Legally Sound in the COVID-19 Era.}, journal = {Journal of digestive endoscopy}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {83-86}, pmid = {40477032}, issn = {0976-5050}, abstract = {All the three Indian gastroenterology societies (Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India, Indian Society of Gastroenterology, and Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver) jointly recommend to consider only emergency and urgent endoscopy procedures for the next 1 month or till the current threat due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is over. Two laws that are penal in nature are now applicable in the current pandemic, namely the Epidemics Diseases Act 1897 and the Indian Penal Code 1860. No act of an endoscopist should be seen to be in contravention of any of the aforementioned laws, and the sections thereunder as provisions of the Indian Penal Code can be attracted in the current scenario for spreading an infectious disease either knowingly (Section 270) or unknowingly or negligently (Section 269). Section 4 of the Epidemics Disease Act 1897 gives legal protection to every person who has acted under this Act or the directions issued under this Act subject to only one condition, that is, the act must have been done in good faith. Though the hospitals are obliged to ensure personal safety of its staff legally, morally and ethically, because of the huge gap in demand and supply of personal protective equipment (PPE), it is advisable to arrange PPE on one's own to first protect oneself and then, by extension, to prevent the spread to others. The dictum is "take care of yourself." Self-preservation is a supreme law. In the current COVID-19 pandemic conditions, certain additional information, to be agreed upon by the patient, needs to be incorporated in the consent. It should be incorporated in the consent that: • While all the necessary precautions are being taken, there is a finite though small risk that the patient may contract the infection from the hospital. • He/she indemnifies the hospital and the endoscopist against any such liability arising out of any action taken while doing the procedure. • Furthermore, to protect the patient him/herself, he/she agrees to get the preprocedural test for COVID-19 as well as bear the additional cost of the PPE used by the endoscopist and support staff. Several of those who have undergone an endoscopy would require a follow-up consultation. As it is difficult to have physical interaction, teleconsultation may be done as per the telemedicine practice guidelines issued by the Medical Council of India (MCI).}, }
@article {pmid40477030, year = {2020}, author = {Sud, R and Sud, S}, title = {Way Forward: Gastrointestinal Tract Endoscopy Work Flow Postlockdown Era.}, journal = {Journal of digestive endoscopy}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {89-91}, pmid = {40477030}, issn = {0976-5050}, abstract = {Gastrointestinal tract endoscopy being an aerosol generating procedure increases the risk to staff and uninfected patients from a coronavirus disease 2019 patient. Social and physical distancing through "lockdown" has suppressed the spread of disease but will not eradicate it. Various endoscopy societies formulated guidelines to triage the patients and limit the work to only emergency and urgent cases and postpone "routine" endoscopies. Postlockdown infected vector pool will persist till an effective vaccine is widely available. Nonurgent cases cannot be postponed indefinitely. We need to identify infected symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals and create a safe environment for uninfected patients. Endoscopy staff protection through education, optimized manpower flow, and personal protective equipment usage and hand hygiene needs urgent attention. Proper environment sanitization, endoscope, and device reprocessing will remain important.}, }
@article {pmid40477028, year = {2020}, author = {Rai, P}, title = {Disinfection of Endoscopy and Reusability of Accessories.}, journal = {Journal of digestive endoscopy}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {61-66}, pmid = {40477028}, issn = {0976-5050}, abstract = {Corona viruses are a group of medium-sized positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with crown-like structure due to projections noted over the surface of the virus. The infection has been declared as a pandemic by the world health organization (WHO) in March 2020. Health care professionals in endoscopy are at high risk of infection by novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from inhalation of droplets, conjunctival contact, feces, and touch contamination. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is considered to be a high-risk aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the live virus has been found in patient stool. Flexible endoscopes when contaminated have been considered as the vector for transmission of infections. Infections related to the side viewing endoscopes and endoscopic ultrasound scopes are more frequent than upper GI scope and colonoscopes. Stratifying patients needing endoscopy and deferral of elective procedures will help to decrease the virus spread. Planning and revision of workflows is necessary for safety of patient and staff and to successfully provide infection prevention and control measures, for this a "three zones and two passages" concept should be followed. Manual cleaning followed by high-level disinfection (HLD), effectively eliminates nearly all microorganisms from endoscopes during reprocessing. Transmission of viral infections during endoscopy is quite rare and, it is usually the result of noncompliance from the essential steps of reprocessing. Reuse of any disposable GI endoscopic device is strongly discouraged. Environmental decontamination is essential to reduce the risk of fomite transmission. Noncritical environmental surfaces frequently touched by hands (e.g., bedside tables and bed rails) and endoscopy furniture and floor should be considered heavily contaminated in patients with intermediate or high risk of COVID-19 and should be thoroughly disinfected at the end of each procedure. If available, negative pressure rooms are preferred for endoscopy, as has been advised by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Staff involved in reprocessing and the cleaning of endoscopy rooms should utilize personal protective equipment (PPE) including N95 mask. Reprocessing staff should undergo necessary training and ongoing annual assessment of competency.}, }
@article {pmid40477023, year = {2020}, author = {Rana, SS}, title = {Risk of COVID-19 Transmission During Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.}, journal = {Journal of digestive endoscopy}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {27-30}, pmid = {40477023}, issn = {0976-5050}, abstract = {COVID-19 is a viral illness caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is highly contagious virus with human-to-human transmission being primarily attributed to direct contact or air droplets. It is highly infectious and contagious due to high-viable viral loads in the upper respiratory tract secretions of infected patients and also similar viral load being detected in both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The virus stability characteristics and modes of transmission via fomites and air droplets make gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy a high-risk procedure for COVID-19 transmission. This review discusses the currently available literature on risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during GI endoscopy.}, }
@article {pmid40476996, year = {2020}, author = {Samanta, J and Dhar, J and Khaliq, A and Kochhar, R}, title = {2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection: Gastrointestinal Manifestations.}, journal = {Journal of digestive endoscopy}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {13-18}, pmid = {40476996}, issn = {0976-5050}, abstract = {The world is witnessing a major public health crisis in the wake of the third coronavirus strain pandemic, a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Although initially thought to be a pure respiratory pathogen, recent reports have highlighted not only the extrapulmonary effects of the virus but also, importantly, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) effects. Various studies have looked into the effects of this novel coronavirus infection (coronavirus-19 disease [COVID-19]) on GIT involvement with reports of more frequent involvement than previously expected. With feco-oral transmission, debate being conclusively proven with fecal samples testing positive for COVID-19 and longer shedding time, it only underlines the importance of GIT involvement. Moreover, the presence of other GI diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, with COVID-19 infection might wreak havoc leading to poor patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40476992, year = {2020}, author = {Singla, V and Arora, A}, title = {Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019.}, journal = {Journal of digestive endoscopy}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {21-23}, pmid = {40476992}, issn = {0976-5050}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease that has spread rapidly throughout the world. The disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the Coronaviridae family. Though the pulmonary involvement is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas has been explained in these patients. The literature is rapidly changing because of influx of new information with every passage of time. The most common hepatic presentation is mild elevation of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase, which does not require specific treatment. Occasionally, patients can have severe liver injury. Because of underlying predisposing factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity, patients with nonalcoholic liver disease may be at risk of severe disease. Patients with decompensated liver disease may also be vulnerable to severe disease. Behavior of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C, autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and primary biliary cirrhosis is yet to be seen. The prevalence and severity of COVID-19 patients with the aforementioned diseases may be different. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on an underlying liver disease is not known. COVID-19 may complicate the peritransplant period and throw new challenges in these patients. Drugs used to treat severe COVID-19 may cause liver injury and may have an effect on the underlying disease activity. Both hepatic and pancreatic involvement is related to the severity of COVID-19 disease. Serum amylase and lipase levels may be elevated in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. The involvement of pancreatic islet cells may lead to deranged blood sugar levels and potentially predispose to future diabetes mellitus. There are many unknown facts that will unfold with the passage of time.}, }
@article {pmid40477082, year = {2020}, author = {Smith, M}, title = {Review of Neil Selwyn, Felicitas Macgilchrist, and Ben Williamson (2020). Digital Education after COVID-19. TECHLASH, 1.}, journal = {Postdigital science and education}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {1047-1051}, doi = {10.1007/s42438-020-00184-7}, pmid = {40477082}, issn = {2524-4868}, }
@article {pmid40477047, year = {2020}, author = {Roos, YH}, title = {Water and Pathogenic Viruses Inactivation-Food Engineering Perspectives.}, journal = {Food engineering reviews}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {251-267}, pmid = {40477047}, issn = {1866-7929}, abstract = {Water is an essential component of food structures and biological materials. The importance of water as a parameter affecting virion stability and inactivation has been recognized across disciplinary areas. The large number of virus species, differences in spreading, likelihood of foodborne infections, unknown infective doses, and difficulties of infective virus quantification are often limiting experimental approaches to establish accurate data required for detailed understanding of virions' stability and inactivation kinetics in various foods. Furthermore, non-foodborne viruses, as shown by the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) pandemic, may spread within the food chain. Traditional food engineering benefits from kinetic data on effects of relative humidity (RH) and temperature on virion inactivation. The stability of enteric viruses, human norovirus (HuNoV), and hepatitis A (HAV) virions in food materials and their resistance against inactivation in traditional food processing and preservation is well recognized. It appears that temperature-dependence of virus inactivation is less affected by virus strains than differences in temperature and RH sensitivity of individual virus species. Pathogenic viruses are stable at low temperatures typical of food storage conditions. A significant change in activation energy above typical protein denaturation temperatures suggests a rapid inactivation of virions. Furthermore, virus inactivation mechanisms seem to vary according to temperature. Although little is known on the effects of water on virions' resistance during food processing and storage, dehydration, low RH conditions, and freezing stabilize virions. Enveloped virions tend to have a high stability at low RH, but low temperature and high RH may also stabilize such virions on metal and other surfaces for several days. Food engineering has contributed to significant developments in stabilization of nutrients, flavors, and sensitive components in food materials which provides a knowledge base for development of technologies to inactivate virions in foods and environment. Novel food processing, particularly high pressure processing (HPP) and cold plasma technologies, seem to provide efficient means for virion inactivation and food quality retention prior to packaging or food preservation by traditional technologies.}, }
@article {pmid40476954, year = {2020}, author = {Liu, Y and Lee, JM and Lee, C}, title = {The challenges and opportunities of a global health crisis: the management and business implications of COVID-19 from an Asian perspective.}, journal = {Asian business &amp; management}, volume = {19}, number = {3}, pages = {277-297}, pmid = {40476954}, issn = {1476-9328}, abstract = {On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. As the evolution and implications of the COVID-19 crisis are still unfolding, we posit that exploring the experiences and strategic responses of Asian countries may shed light on ways to combat COVID-19 for the rest of the world. In this paper, we first articulate the importance of resilience, strategic agility, and entrepreneurship in the context of the fight against COVID-19. Then, with the focus on China, South Korea, and Singapore, we discuss the impact COVID-19 is having on economies and businesses, governmental support for businesses and societies, and implications for global supply chain disruptions. We hope that the global health system will recover quickly, and that the world economy will be revitalized with the contributions and collaboration of science (including social science), industry, and governments.}, }
@article {pmid40458176, year = {2025}, author = {Anbardar, N and Dixon, SL and Munugoti, S and Gaddam, M and Kashfi, K and Kasulis, L and Messersmith, AL and Asadipooya, K}, title = {Thyroid disorders and COVID-19: a comprehensive review of literature.}, journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1535169}, pmid = {40458176}, issn = {1664-2392}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *Thyroid Diseases/epidemiology/virology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The literature is rapidly evolving with regards to the endocrine consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, adrenal and pituitary disorders. There is evidence suggesting that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to thyroid dysfunction and long-term sequelae. We aimed to review the current evidence and propose a preventive approach based on the published data since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive review of literature was conducted using electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Two authors independently used the keywords "Thyroid, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Graves, Thyroid Eye Disease, or Thyroiditis" and "Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19" to search these databases. We screened titles and abstracts for initial selection and then reviewed the full text of relevant studies to report the outcomes of published data.<br><br>RESULTS: We selected 28 manuscripts. SARS-CoV-2 infection appears similar to other viruses. It affects thyroid function resulting in non-thyroidal illness syndrome, which usually resolves spontaneously. COVID-19 also causes subacute thyroiditis. It may also trigger autoimmunity against the thyroid that leads to autoimmune thyroiditis. Autoimmune thyroiditis or subacute thyroiditis may progress to clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical or subclinical hyperthyroidism. Patients with pre-existing thyroid dysfunction probably have similar risks of SARS-CoV-2 related adverse outcomes.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of thyroid function is important in COVID-19 patients. Improving the efficacy of treatment against acute SARS-CoV-2 infection can reduce the risks of short-term and long-term complications.<br><br>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42023447994.}, }
@article {pmid40457666, year = {2025}, author = {Katasonov, AB}, title = {[Therapeutic potential of quercetin and its derivatives against COVID-19].}, journal = {Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova}, volume = {125}, number = {5}, pages = {44-50}, doi = {10.17116/jnevro202512505144}, pmid = {40457666}, issn = {1997-7298}, mesh = {*Quercetin/therapeutic use/analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects ; COVID-19 ; *Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {Quercetin is a natural flavonoid with a wide range of biological activity. This compound does not penetrate the brain well, but under stress, it exhibits neuroprotective properties, probably associated with its effect on the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB disruption may be responsible for the invasion of the causative agent of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) into the brain with the development of neurological symptoms. Quercetin can suppress viral replication, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response, as well as prevent the formation of microthrombi. This potential of quercetin may help treat COVID-19 and its long-term sequelae.}, }
@article {pmid40457567, year = {2025}, author = {Marc, A and Schiffer, JT and Mentré, F and Perelson, AS and Guedj, J}, title = {Viral Dynamic Models During COVID-19: Are We Ready for the Next Pandemic?.}, journal = {CPT: pharmacometrics &amp; systems pharmacology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/psp4.70055}, pmid = {40457567}, issn = {2163-8306}, abstract = {Mathematical models have been used for about 30 years to improve our understanding of virus-host interaction, in particular during chronic infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these models have been used to provide insights into the natural history of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, optimize antiviral treatment strategies, understand factors associated with transmission, and optimize surveillance systems. The impact of modeling has been accelerated by the availability of unprecedented multidimensional immune data from animal and human systems, which enhanced partnerships between experimentalists and theorists and led to exciting new modeling and statistical developments. In this mini review, we examine the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss the main insights provided by mathematical models of viral dynamics at the different stages of the outbreak. Although we focus on respiratory infection, we also consider the new areas for development in anticipation of future acute infections from new or reemerging pathogens.}, }
@article {pmid40457387, year = {2025}, author = {Moawad, MHED and Abbas, A and Sabet, H and Zanaty, MA and Hamad, AA and Rezkallah, A and Ballut, O and Fayad, T and Elsakka, MM and Eshun, F and Abdelgawad, HAH}, title = {Unveiling protection: a meta-analysis of tixagevimab-cilgavimab prophylaxis in 28,950 transplant recipients and immunocompromised patients against COVID-19.}, journal = {Virology journal}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {178}, pmid = {40457387}, issn = {1743-422X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/mortality/immunology ; *Immunocompromised Host ; *Transplant Recipients ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis addresses the efficacy and safety of tixagevimab-cilgavimab as pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients, particularly during the Omicron variant surge. Given the limited vaccine response in this population, alternative prophylactic strategies are critical.<br><br>METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we comprehensively searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, up to June 22, 2024. We included studies assessing tixagevimab-cilgavimab's impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection rates, hospitalization, ICU admissions, and/or mortality among immunocompromised patients. Data synthesis and analysis were conducted using RevMan and Open-Meta Analyst software.<br><br>RESULTS: Analyzing data from 36 studies involving 28,950 patients, tixagevimab-cilgavimab significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection rates by 4.37%, hospitalization by 0.8%, and mortality by 0.5%. Compared to no prophylaxis, the drug combination showed a notable reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.33, 95% CI: 0.22-0.50), hospitalization (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.24, 95% CI: 0.15-0.39), and mortality (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.33, 95% CI: 0.16-0.66), exhibiting a favorable safety and efficacy profile. During the Omicron surge, tixagevimab-cilgavimab consistently reduced infection risk (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.32, 95% CI: 0.17-0.58).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Tixagevimab-cilgavimab offers a significant protective effect against COVID-19, including Omicron variants, in immunocompromised patients, underscoring its role as an effective pre-exposure prophylaxis. Future studies should further explore its efficacy across different SARS-CoV-2 variants and potential synergies with vaccination efforts.}, }
@article {pmid40457282, year = {2025}, author = {Umemura, T and Kato, H and Mutoh, Y and Hagihara, M and Ikeda, Y and Mikamo, H}, title = {Safety evaluation of remdesivir administration in patients with severe renal impairment and coronavirus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {782}, pmid = {40457282}, issn = {1471-2334}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; COVID-19/complications/mortality ; *Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs &amp; derivatives/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; *Alanine/analogs &amp; derivatives/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Renal Insufficiency/drug therapy/complications ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether remdesivir (RDV) is safe for patients with severe renal impairment (SRI) and COVID-19, compared to non-SRI patients or those not receiving RDV.<br><br>METHODS: This study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We searched PubMed, Cohcrane, CINAHL, and Ichushi databases up to October 11, 2024. The outcomes assessed kidney injury, hepatic disorder and mortality. Randomized controlled trials and retrospective and cohort studies reporting kidney injury, hepatotoxicity, and mortality in (i) SRI patients treated with RDV versus without RDV or (ii) SRI patients versus non-SRI patients treated with RDV were included. Targeted patients were defined as adults with COVID-19 based on a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal or salivary swabs regardless of symptoms.<br><br>RESULTS: One randomized controlled trial and 14 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. Among SRI patients, RDV significantly reduced the incidence of kidney injury (risk ratio [RR]&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.27-0.97) but had no significant difference in the development of hepatic disorder (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.88, 95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.39-1.98) and mortality (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.79, 95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.55-1.15). In the comparison between SRI and non-SRI patients treated with RDV, SRI patients demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of kidney injury (odds ratio [OR]&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.51, 95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.49-4.23), with no significant difference in the development of hepatic disorder (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.04, 95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.43-2.53). Meanwhile, SRI patients treated with RDV exhibited significantly higher mortality than non-SRI patients treated with RDV (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.20, 95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.51-3.22).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis demonstrated that RDV administration in SRI patients with COVID-19 was safe compared to non-SRI or SRI patient treated without RDV. We suggest that the use of RDV should be actively considered for SRI patients.}, }
@article {pmid40456838, year = {2025}, author = {Cesaro, S and Ljungman, P and Mikulska, M and Hirsch, HH and Navarro, D and Cordonnier, C and Mehra, V and Styczynski, J and Marchesi, F and Pinana, JL and Beutel, G and Einsele, H and Maertens, J and ,  and de la Camara, R}, title = {Post-pandemic recommendations for the management of COVID-19 in patients with haematological malignancies or undergoing cellular therapy, from the European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-10).}, journal = {Leukemia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40456838}, issn = {1476-5551}, abstract = {In the post-pandemic years, SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality declined due to less pathogenic variants, active and passive immunization, and antiviral therapies. However, patients with hematological malignancies and/or undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remain at increased risk for poor outcomes. Therefore, adherence to contact and droplet precautions is essential to avoid transmission, especially during epidemic waves. Detection of viral RNA by nucleic acid testing of naso-oro-pharyngeal samples is the gold standard for diagnosis due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Direct antigen testing allows for rapid management decisions if positive, but has a low sensitivity, especially in asymptomatic patients. Active immunisation is the key to prevention and may require annual matching to circulating variants. Passive immunization with SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing anti-antibodies lost its indication due to the emergence of immune escape variants. Convalescent plasma has been proposed for passive immunization but is not readily available in most centres. For symptomatic patients, early antiviral treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or remdesivir may reduce the risk of progression to severe-critical COVID-19. Prolonged administration, repeated courses, and a combination of antivirals are considered for patients with clinical or virological failure to antiviral monotherapy. In severe-critical COVID-19, dexamethasone or drugs downregulating the inflammatory cytokine responses (anti-Il-6/anti-IL-2 agents, Janus kinase inhibitor) are recommended, together with the best supportive and intensive care, but care should be exercised in immunosuppressed patients. Deferral of intensive chemotherapy, HCT conditioning, T-cell-based immunotherapy, or T-cell engaging antibodies are considered for patients with COVID-19, whereas deferral decisions are taken on a case-by-case basis for asymptomatic patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid40454870, year = {2025}, author = {Hu, Z and Xu, YE and Li, JZ and Wang, YT and Song, H and Ao, DS}, title = {Three-dimensional cell culture models in respiratory virus research: technological advances and current applications.}, journal = {Journal of materials chemistry. B}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1039/d5tb00290g}, pmid = {40454870}, issn = {2050-7518}, abstract = {From the Spanish flu to the COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory viruses have inflicted significant damage on the global population. As research into these viruses progresses, so too does the methodology employed. Although traditional in vitro two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques and animal models have played crucial roles in our understanding of respiratory viruses and have made significant contributions to research on viral infection mechanisms, as well as the development of drugs and vaccines, they have limitations. Specifically, 2D cell culture models do not accurately simulate the in vivo micro-environment, and animal models may not share the same susceptibility and immune response as humans. Consequently, viral isolation and culture techniques are transitioning towards 3D cell culture technologies. Furthermore, the potential for multi-disciplinary collaborations using 3D cell culture opens new opportunities for personalized medicine. This review will explore the advancement and application of 3D cell culture in respiratory virus research, emphasising the most recent developments and trends in the field. By evaluating the current strengths and limitations of these technologies, we aim to provide insights that will inform future scientific exploration and clinical applications.}, }
@article {pmid40454668, year = {2025}, author = {Sebastian, S and Nirghin, U and Rampersad, N}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on persons with visual impairment.}, journal = {Clinical &amp; experimental optometry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-11}, doi = {10.1080/08164622.2025.2509595}, pmid = {40454668}, issn = {1444-0938}, abstract = {Vision impairment is a global public health concern affecting 1.1 billion people worldwide. The coronavirus disease or COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in 2019 affected many aspects of everyday life and prompted various preventative health measures. Persons with visual impairment face multiple challenges daily, and with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, these challenges were likely worsened. With various studies conducted globally to explore the experiences of persons with visual impairment, this scoping review aims to provide an overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on persons with visual impairment within a global context. The five-step framework by Arksey and O'Malley was applied, involving a literature search across nine electronic databases, with specific search terms formulated from the research question. Data were screened for eligibility by the three reviewers using pre-decided study criteria. Of the 263 articles identified from December 2019 to October 2022, 49 were included in this review. More than 80% of the articles were published in the early years of the pandemic (2020 and 2021), and 77.5% of the studies had persons with visual impairment as participants. The themes identified included psychosocial, access to COVID-19 information and technology, healthcare, everyday activities, education, economic situation, adherence to regulations, and support. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic worsened the challenges faced by persons with visual impairment, especially those affecting their independence and daily routines. Governments and stakeholders should make more efforts to address the challenges experienced by persons with visual impairment, as this will directly impact their quality of life.}, }
@article {pmid40453691, year = {2025}, author = {Pourrazavi, S and Fathi, B and Fathifar, Z and Nadrian, H and Allahverdipour, H}, title = {Leveraging Ottawa Charter strategies to enhance COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review of global health promotion approaches.}, journal = {Health promotion perspectives}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {9-22}, pmid = {40453691}, issn = {2228-6497}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite global vaccination efforts, many countries struggled to achieve sufficient COVID-19 vaccination coverage. The use of Ottawa Charter health promotion strategies in vaccination programs not only enhances coverage but also fosters sustainable public health outcomes. This systematic review aims to identify actionable strategies to improve vaccination efforts.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review involved a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, targeting studies published between January 2020 and August 2024. The search focused on government-led health promotion strategies for enhancing COVID-19 vaccination rates. Strategies were categorized five main areas of the Ottawa Charter for health promotion.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 22 health promotion strategies were identified globally, categorized into five key areas based on the Ottawa Charter for health promotion. Notable strategies included engaging community, addressing misinformation, expanding vaccination sites, and providing culturally tailored communication.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the significance of utilizing the Ottawa Charter framework to design inclusive and adaptable public health strategies that ensure equitable vaccination coverage globally.}, }
@article {pmid40453679, year = {2025}, author = {Elechi, KW and Oyepeju Nkem, O and Timothy Chibueze, N and Elechi, US and Franklin Chimaobi, K}, title = {Long-term Neurological Consequences of COVID-19 in Patients With Pre-existing Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review.}, journal = {Neuroscience insights}, volume = {20}, number = {}, pages = {26331055251342755}, pmid = {40453679}, issn = {2633-1055}, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has profound systemic effects, including significant impacts on the central nervous system (CNS). Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between SARS-CoV-2-induced neuroinflammation and the exacerbation or initiation of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This review explores the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to neurodegenerative processes. We first discuss the pathways of viral entry into the CNS, including transneuronal and hematogenous routes, leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Neuroinflammation, mediated by the activation of microglia and astrocytes and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, is highlighted as a critical factor exacerbating neuronal damage. Oxidative stress and vascular damage are further examined as complementary mechanisms promoting neurodegeneration. In addition, we review how SARS-CoV-2 infection influences proteinopathies by accelerating the aggregation of pathological proteins like alpha-synuclein, tau, and TDP-43, contributing to disease progression in PD, AD, and related disorders. Clinical studies reporting cognitive and motor dysfunctions in post-COVID-19 patients with pre-existing neurodegenerative diseases are also summarized. Finally, this review identifies knowledge gaps and emphasizes the need for further research to clarify the long-term neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to mitigate the risk of neurodegeneration in vulnerable populations.}, }
@article {pmid40048334, year = {2025}, author = {Bucur, AM and Moldovan, AC and Parvatikar, K and Zampieri, M and KhudaBukhsh, AR and Dinu, LP}, title = {On the State of NLP Approaches to Modeling Depression in Social Media: A Post-COVID-19 Outlook.}, journal = {IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics}, volume = {29}, number = {6}, pages = {4439-4451}, doi = {10.1109/JBHI.2025.3540507}, pmid = {40048334}, issn = {2168-2208}, mesh = {Humans ; *Social Media ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Natural Language Processing ; *Depression/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Computational approaches to predicting mental health conditions in social media have been substantially explored in the past years. Multiple reviews have been published on this topic, providing the community with comprehensive accounts of the research in this area. Among all mental health conditions, depression is the most widely studied due to its worldwide prevalence. The COVID-19 global pandemic, starting in early 2020, has had a great impact on mental health worldwide. Harsh measures employed by governments to slow the spread of the virus (e.g., lockdowns) and the subsequent economic downturn experienced in many countries have significantly impacted people's lives and mental health. Studies have shown a substantial increase of above 50% in the rate of depression in the population. In this context, we present a review on natural language processing (NLP) approaches to modeling depression in social media, providing the reader with a post-COVID-19 outlook. This review contributes to the understanding of the impacts of the pandemic on modeling depression in social media. We outline how state-of-the-art approaches and new datasets have been used in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we also discuss ethical issues in collecting and processing mental health data, considering fairness, accountability, and ethics.}, }
@article {pmid40453652, year = {2025}, author = {Pacheco, T and Coulombe, S and Kocovski, NL and Carbone, J}, title = {Workers' well-being during viral pandemics and epidemics: A scoping review.}, journal = {Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {22}, number = {}, pages = {100286}, pmid = {40453652}, issn = {2666-4976}, abstract = {Studies have documented workers' well-being during individual pandemics and epidemics. However, there lies a need to summarize worker well-being across crises. Moreover, there is a scarcity of reviews exploring precarious workers' well-being during these crises. Adopting a multidisciplinary perspective via positive psychology's third wave, this scoping review examines positive and negative well-being across diverse occupational groups and situations (e.g., precarious employment) and across crises. Inspired by Ecological Systems Theory, factors at different ecological levels (self, social, workplace, pandemic) relevant to workers' well-being are reviewed. The following questions are addressed: 1) How are virus-related public health crises (i.e., epidemics, pandemics) related to workers' well-being? 2) What resilience and risk factors are associated with workers' well-being in these crises? And 2a) How is the well-being of precarious workers impacted during virus-related public health crises? Of the 2,395 potentially relevant articles published before October 23rd, 2020, 187 were retained. Overall, more research has been conducted on negative than positive well-being. Workers experienced: 1) positive well-being frequently or at moderately high levels overall during pandemics and epidemics, 2) mild to moderate negative well-being during SARS and COVID-19's beginning and high negative well-being during other crises, and 3) high work-related well-being during such crises. Factors at self- (age, gender), social- (social support), workplace- (occupation, frontline status), and pandemic-related (risk/exposure, knowing someone infected/killed by the virus, PPE access) levels were associated with workers' well-being. Although explored infrequently, precarious employment was typically associated with greater negative well-being. Practice- and policy-related recommendations are discussed.}, }
@article {pmid40453305, year = {2025}, author = {Okazaki, Y and Tsujimoto, Y and Yamada, K and Saka, N and Ariie, T and Taito, S and Banno, M and Kataoka, Y and Watanabe, N}, title = {The Impact of Government Lockdowns on the Mental Health of the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e83249}, pmid = {40453305}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally, prompting governments in many countries to implement lockdowns to control the transmission of the virus. Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, and the associated government lockdowns may have significant negative impacts on mental health. A comprehensive review of the available evidence on this topic can provide useful information for policymakers. This review aimed to assess the effects of government lockdowns on the mental health of the general population during emerging infectious disease outbreaks. On April 11, 2022, we conducted a systematic search of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO Ovid, and two clinical trial registries, supplemented by reference checking and citation searching. We included non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) involving adults and adolescents, regardless of comorbidities, that examined the effects of government-imposed lockdowns compared to no lockdown during outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases, including SARS, MERS, COVID-19, H1N1, equine influenza, avian influenza, and Ebola virus disease. Critical outcomes assessed were depressive symptom severity and suicide, while important outcomes included anxiety symptom severity, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, insomnia symptom severity, and substance use. We used the ROBINS-I tool to assess the risk of bias and conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. We included 42 NRSIs, all conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 27 studies reporting depressive symptoms, we pooled effect sizes from eight studies. The findings suggest that government lockdowns may have little to no effect on depressive symptom severity within the 12-month follow-up; however, the evidence was very uncertain (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.00, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.09; I[2] = 70%; 11,278 participants). Two studies reported on suicide outcomes, but both had an overall critical risk of bias due to confounding; therefore, we did not synthesize results and judged the evidence as very low certainty. For anxiety symptom severity, we pooled data from five of 20 studies and found that government lockdowns may have little to no effect within the 12-month follow-up (SMD 0.08, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.26; I[2] = 91%; 11,006 participants). Regarding PTSD symptom severity, pooled data from one of two studies suggested that government lockdowns may increase the symptom severity within the 12-month follow-up (MD 0.18, 95% CI 0.08-0.28; 1,754 participants). We pooled data from two of eight studies on insomnia symptom severity and found that government lockdowns may increase the symptom severity within the 12-month follow-up (MD 1.28, 95% CI 0.62-1.94; I[2] = 91%; 5,142 participants). In terms of alcohol use, data pooled from five of nine studies on alcohol use showed that government lockdowns may have little to no effect on alcohol consumption within the 12-month follow-up (SMD 0.03, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.11; I[2] = 66%; 8,261 participants). Overall, the evidence regarding all important outcomes was of very low certainty. At present, the impact of government lockdowns during emerging infectious disease outbreaks on mental health in the general population remains very uncertain. Future research should prioritize well-designed studies to better assess the mental health effects of lockdown measures during novel outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid40453253, year = {2025}, author = {Boorle, NVLD and Kurra, NC and Gandrakota, N and Modi, K and Sudireddy, K and Irfan, SA and Jain, A and Parikh, PA and Jillella, D}, title = {Central Nervous System Manifestations of Long COVID: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e83247}, pmid = {40453253}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been one of the most widespread and devastating global pandemics, impacting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. After the cessation of active infection, the disease continues to have a disabling impact due to the persistence of fatigue, brain fog, anxiety, and depression - among the most common symptoms. This study explores the progression of neurological symptoms over 12 months and beyond following an initial diagnosis of COVID-19. Through an electronic search of eligible studies from PubMed, the Cochrane Trial Register, and Google Scholar, 10 studies were included for qualitative analysis. The systematic review highlights the similarities and differences in findings across the included studies. Olfactory dysfunction was prevalent in 0.9%-51% of individuals, and taste impairment was observed in 1.1%-21.3%. At 12 months, anxiety was more prevalent (3.5%-29%) than depression (3.5%-26%). Fatigue was the predominant neurocognitive complaint in 56% of individuals with severe COVID-19. Nearly half of individuals reported sleep difficulties. Memory impairment, followed by headaches and dizziness, also constitutes neurocognitive symptoms reported at 12 months. Our study found that there is a significant neurological burden one year following the diagnosis of COVID-19. Further studies exploring the pathological mechanisms of long-term COVID-19 are necessary to better delineate the mechanisms behind several long-term neurological manifestations of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40452530, year = {2025}, author = {Moghdam, Y and Arghavan, B and Kermani, F and Jeddi, SA and Khojasteh, S and Shokohi, T and Aslani, N and Ebrahimi, A and Javidnia, J}, title = {A fatal post-COVID-19 sino-orbital mucormycosis in an adult patient with diabetes mellitus: a case report and review of the literature.}, journal = {Journal of infection in developing countries}, volume = {19}, number = {5}, pages = {661-668}, doi = {10.3855/jidc.16526}, pmid = {40452530}, issn = {1972-2680}, mesh = {Humans ; *Mucormycosis/diagnosis/etiology/drug therapy/microbiology ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *COVID-19/complications ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Fatal Outcome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Orbital Diseases/microbiology ; Amphotericin B/therapeutic use ; *Diabetes Complications ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is associated with a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal superinfections.<br><br>CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of mucormycosis developing during post-COVID-19 therapeutic management. A 63-year-old diabetic female presented with COVID-19 and received combination therapy per institutional protocol, including dexamethasone, remdesivir, and ivermectin. Seven days post-discharge, the patient was readmitted with dyspnea and lethargy. On day 3 of readmission, the patient reported unilateral facial and orbital pain. Subsequent histopathological and mycological examination confirmed mucormycosis. Despite surgical debridement and treatment with amphotericin B (3 mg/kg/day), the patient succumbed to the infection.<br><br>RESULTS: Based on ITS rDNA sequencing, the fungus was identified as Rhizopus arrhizus. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to the CLSI M38-A2 guideline, yielding minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.016 &#xb5;g/mL for amphotericin B, 0.031 &#xb5;g/mL for posaconazole, 0.25 &#xb5;g/mL for isavuconazole, 1 &#xb5;g/mL for itraconazole, and 8 &#xb5;g/mL for voriconazole.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis, prompt antifungal therapy, and appropriate surgical intervention are critical for improving mucormycosis outcomes, especially in COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid40451590, year = {2025}, author = {Jarallah, SJ and Almughem, FA and Alhumaid, NK and Fayez, NA and Alradwan, I and Alsulami, KA and Tawfik, EA and Alshehri, AA}, title = {Artificial intelligence revolution in drug discovery: A paradigm shift in pharmaceutical innovation.}, journal = {International journal of pharmaceutics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {125789}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125789}, pmid = {40451590}, issn = {1873-3476}, abstract = {Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into drug discovery has revolutionized pharmaceutical innovation, addressing the challenges of traditional methods that are costly, time-consuming, and suffer from high failure rates. By utilizing machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP), AI enhances various stages of drug development, including target identification, lead optimization, de novo drug design, and drug repurposing. AI tools, such as AlphaFold for protein structure prediction and AtomNet for structure-based drug design, have significantly accelerated the discovery process, improved efficiency and reduced costs. Success stories like Insilico Medicine's AI-designed molecule for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and BenevolentAI's identification of baricitinib for COVID-19 highlight AI's transformative potential. Additionally, AI enables the exploration of vast chemical spaces, optimization of clinical trials, and the identification of novel therapeutic targets, paving the way for precision medicine. However, challenges such as limited data accessibility, integration of diverse datasets, interpretability of AI models, and ethical concerns remain critical hurdles. Overcoming these limitations through enhanced algorithms, standardized databases, and interdisciplinary collaboration is essential. Overall, AI continues to reshape drug discovery, reducing timelines, increasing success rates, and driving the development of innovative and accessible therapies for unmet medical needs.}, }
@article {pmid40450230, year = {2025}, author = {Leung, WKC and Yau, CYC and Lam, SC}, title = {Facilitators, barriers, and recommendations for mobile health applications among Chinese older populations: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC geriatrics}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {396}, pmid = {40450230}, issn = {1471-2318}, support = {CRG2023/01//Tung Wah College/ ; CRG2023/01//Tung Wah College/ ; }, mesh = {Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; China ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Mobile Applications ; *Telemedicine ; East Asian People ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mobile health (mHealth) applications have become indispensable in people's daily lives and are now incorporated into a multitude of healthcare services. However, due to inappropriate designs and ineffective promotional strategies, the rates of uptake and continued use of mHealth applications in older adults are usually low. Given that recent evidence has reported distinct mHealth adoption patterns between Chinese and non-Chinese populations, the aim of this scoping review was to map relevant evidence on the end-user perceptions and age-appropriate recommendations for interface design, persuasive features, and promotional strategies among Chinese older adults.<br><br>METHODS: All primary studies conducted in Chinese older people aged 60&#x2009;+&#x2009;years, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research, examining end-user perceptions (e.g., motivators, barriers, and design) of mHealth applications were considered eligible for inclusion. Four electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Medline) were searched from their inceptions through 31 May 2024. A narrative approach was adopted for data analyses relevant to the study aim.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 23 studies (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;8,203) were included. End-user perceptions (facilitators and barriers) of older people were narratively synthesized according to the socio-ecological model (individual/product, interpersonal, community, and societal). In Chinese deaf and hard-of-hearing older adults, the lack of proficiency in mastering operations of smartphone, Internet, and mHealth applications greatly jeopardized their communication with family or friends, accessibility to online medical consultations, and access to public places amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Recommended interface designs were categorized into various aspects of functional impairments (vision, manual dexterity, and cognition) of elderly users. Seven promotional strategies were also highlighted, whereas more than half of the studies recommended education measures (e.g., personalized family/peer- or health professional-led training program) and technical support (e.g., face-to-face instructions, detailed manual instructions, and timely consultation services). Other recommendations included increased publicity, co-creation, and supportive government policies.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review synthesizes the existing relevant evidence and hence provides age-friendly recommendations for interface designs, persuasive features, and promotional strategies in Chinese older populations. Overall, this study empirically offers actionable guidelines for mHealth developers to meet the multifaceted needs of older people.}, }
@article {pmid40450224, year = {2025}, author = {Skront, T and Sagan, J and Hyza, M}, title = {Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a patient with COVID-19 and the possible role of SARS-CoV-2 in its manifestation: case report and overview of published cases.}, journal = {BMC psychiatry}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {557}, pmid = {40450224}, issn = {1471-244X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome/etiology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Adult ; *COVID-19/complications ; Male ; *Schizophrenia/drug therapy/complications ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Olanzapine/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is more complex than that of pulmonary infection, and neuropsychiatric symptoms play a role in this complexity. In this paper, we present the case of a 29-year-old schizophrenic patient who suffered from neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) that developed during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, with an emphasis on the possible connection between these two conditions. Additionally, we provide an overview of published NMS cases in patients with COVID-19 or after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.<br><br>CASE PRESENTATION: A 29-year-old patient treated for schizophrenia, treated with paliperidone palmitate (150&#xa0;mg every four weeks) and cariprazine (6&#xa0;mg daily), was admitted to the hospital for agitation and aggressivity; shortly after arrival at the hospital, laryngospasm and hypoxia occurred. The patient tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and later, he developed pneumonia. During hospitalization, olanzapine (20&#xa0;mg daily) was added to his regimen. However, due to continuing restlessness, haloperidol was administered (20&#xa0;mg over the course of one day). A few days later, neuroleptic malignant syndrome occurred. He was treated with bromocriptine (15&#xa0;mg daily) and clonazepam (2&#xa0;mg daily) and recovered.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: As SARS-CoV-2 is known to interact with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and DOPA-decarboxylase is known to be coexpressed with this receptor, we hypothesized that COVID-19 infection might play a substantial role in the development of NMS.}, }
@article {pmid40449975, year = {2025}, author = {Singh, AK and Goel, K and Dhanawat, M}, title = {Plasmid DNA and mRNA delivery: Approaches and challenges.}, journal = {Advances in immunology}, volume = {165}, number = {}, pages = {63-87}, doi = {10.1016/bs.ai.2024.12.001}, pmid = {40449975}, issn = {1557-8445}, mesh = {Humans ; *Plasmids/genetics/administration &amp; dosage ; *RNA, Messenger/genetics/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccines, DNA/immunology/genetics/administration &amp; dosage ; Animals ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/genetics ; *Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy/methods ; *DNA/genetics/administration &amp; dosage ; Nanoparticles ; }, abstract = {for delivery of plasmid DNA and mRNA transform biology and medicine, offering powerful tools for gene therapy, vaccine development, cancer immunotherapy, and regenerative medicine. Plasmid DNA provides a relatively stable and sustained expression of the genes which also provides the basic groundwork for long-lasting therapeutic. At the same time, mRNA has also demonstrated more appropriateness for dynamic and time-sensitive applications due to its short-lived and accurate translation capabilities, such as during the development of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. Despite their unique advantages, however, the efficient delivery of these biomolecules poses challenges including immune system activation, enzymatic degradation, and limited cellular uptake. The structural and functional features of plasmid DNA and mRNA highlighted the positive functions that underpin their complementary roles in next-generation biomedical applications. In addition, it highlights the novel delivery routes across lipid nanoparticles, polymeric systems, biomimetic carriers, and hybrid applied sciences which can resolve long-standing challenges to efficient distribution. Emerging technologies such as CRISPR gene editing, self-amplifying RNA, and multiplexed nanoparticles are also increasing the utility of these systems. Significant advances in the delivery of plasmid DNA and mRNA molecules have revolutionized vaccine development, opened new avenues in personalized medicine, and have also inspired a future with engineerable tissues. As these innovations develop, they are predicted to go beyond current limitations and bring around a fresh era of accurate medication taking on one of the global healthcare's most complex challenges. Our revolutionary delivery methods provide stability and simplicity, transforming medical advances.}, }
@article {pmid40449972, year = {2025}, author = {Prabhakar, PK and Upadhyay, TK and Sahu, SK}, title = {mRNA-based cancer vaccines: A novel approach to melanoma treatment.}, journal = {Advances in immunology}, volume = {165}, number = {}, pages = {117-162}, doi = {10.1016/bs.ai.2024.10.010}, pmid = {40449972}, issn = {1557-8445}, mesh = {Humans ; *Melanoma/therapy/immunology ; *Cancer Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use/genetics ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; *Skin Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; *RNA, Messenger/immunology/genetics ; Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology/genetics ; COVID-19/immunology ; mRNA Vaccines/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; }, abstract = {Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer and a leading cause of death from skin tumors. With the rising incidence of melanoma diagnoses, there is an urgent need to develop effective treatments. Among the most modern approaches are cancer vaccines, which aim to enhance cell-mediated immunity. Recently, mRNA-based cancer vaccines have gained significant attention due to their rapid production, low manufacturing costs, and ability to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. These vaccines hold great potential in melanoma treatment, yet their application faces several challenges, including mRNA stabilization, delivery methods, and tumor heterogeneity. The recent success of mRNA vaccines in combating COVID-19 has renewed interest in their potential for cancer immunotherapy. In particular, mRNA cancer vaccines offer high specificity and better efficacy compared to traditional treatments. They can target tumor-specific neoantigens, prompting a robust immune response. This chapter reviews the mechanism of action of mRNA vaccines, advancements in adjuvant identification, and innovations in delivery systems such as lipid nanoparticles. It also discusses ongoing clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of mRNA-based vaccines in melanoma, highlighting promising early-phase results. Despite their potential, the development of mRNA cancer vaccines faces significant obstacles. Tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, and practical issues like vaccine administration and clinical evaluation methods are major barriers to success. By addressing these challenges and advancing innovations, mRNA cancer vaccines hold promise for transforming melanoma treatment. A careful balance between the opportunities and challenges will be key to unlocking the full potential of mRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy.}, }
@article {pmid40368635, year = {2025}, author = {Flores, CV and Chan, SY}, title = {Therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights into the emerging landscape.}, journal = {Expert opinion on therapeutic targets}, volume = {29}, number = {6}, pages = {327-343}, pmid = {40368635}, issn = {1744-7631}, support = {R01 HL124021/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL151228/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Animals ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Vascular Remodeling/drug effects ; Drug Development ; Disease Progression ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology/etiology/drug therapy ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, life-threatening disease driven by vascular remodeling, right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and metabolic and inflammatory dysregulation. Current therapies primarily target vasodilation to relieve symptoms but do not reverse disease progression. The recent approval of sotatercept, which modulates BMP/TGF-β signaling, marks a shift toward anti-remodeling therapies. Building on this, recent preclinical advances have identified promising therapeutic targets and potentially disease-modifying treatments.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: This review synthesizes the evolving preclinical landscape of emerging PAH therapeutic targets and drugs, highlighting innovative approaches aimed at addressing the underlying mechanisms of disease progression. Additionally, we discuss novel therapeutic strategies under development.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: Recent advances in PAH research have identified novel therapeutic targets beyond vasodilators, including modulation of BMP/TGF-&#x3b2; signaling, metabolic programs, epigenetics, cancer-related signaling, the extracellular matrix, and immune pathways, among others. Sotatercept represents a significant advance in therapies that go beyond vasodilation, and long-term safety, efficacy, and durability are being assessed. Future treatment strategies will focus on precision approaches, noninvasive technologies, and regenerative biology to improve outcomes and reverse vascular remodeling.}, }
@article {pmid40050182, year = {2025}, author = {Worapongpaiboon, R and Siranart, N and Pajareya, P and Phutinart, S}, title = {Inflammatory markers in predicting survival in pancreatic cancer: A Systematic review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.]}, volume = {25}, number = {3}, pages = {385-395}, doi = {10.1016/j.pan.2025.02.014}, pmid = {40050182}, issn = {1424-3911}, mesh = {Humans ; *Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality/blood/diagnosis/pathology ; Prognosis ; Neutrophils ; *Inflammation/blood ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality ; Lymphocytes ; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; Lymphocyte Count ; Platelet Count ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Determining an accurate prognosis for pancreatic cancer (PC) can pose significant challenges. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been used as prognostic factors to predict outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. This study aims to reveal the prognostic value of NLR and PLR on survival outcomes and risk of metastasis in PC.<br><br>METHODS: NLR and PLR was investigated for its potential to predict survival outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET). For pancreatic cystic neoplasm (PCN), we investigated the potential for inflammatory markers to predict malignancy. Subgroup analysis was performed for tumor resectability, marker cut-off value (COV), and conducted location. Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were pooled and analyzed using a random-effects model.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 105 studies included with a total of 20,138 patients. In PDAC, elevated NLR levels were significantly associated with poorer outcomes of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in multivariable analysis (HR 1.79, 1.74, and 1.91, respectively). Similarly, elevated PLR levels in PDAC were also associated with poorer OS and RFS in multivariable analysis (HR 1.33 and 1.94), respectively. For PNET, NLR was significantly associated with OS and RFS in multivariable analysis (HR 2.57 and 3.05, respectively). Furthermore, NLR and PLR show significant association with malignancy in PCN (OR 3.07 and HR 2.42, respectively).<br><br>CONCLUSION: NLR and PLR effectively predicted PC outcomes and hold potential for evaluating therapeutic responses and identifying candidates for additional treatment strategies in advanced disease.}, }
@article {pmid40036046, year = {2025}, author = {Gormley, MA and Moschella, P and Pham, T and Callicott, V and Jardim, K and Madden, A and Wampler, WR and Schwerin, D and Shukla, S and Miramontes, DA and Bailes, P and Litwin, AH and Floyd, SB and Beltran, GW}, title = {Implementation Barriers of Prehospital Buprenorphine Administration Programs in the United States: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Prehospital emergency care}, volume = {29}, number = {4}, pages = {441-449}, doi = {10.1080/10903127.2025.2470965}, pmid = {40036046}, issn = {1545-0066}, mesh = {Humans ; *Buprenorphine/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; United States ; *Emergency Medical Services/organization &amp; administration/methods ; *Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; *Narcotic Antagonists/administration &amp; dosage ; *Analgesics, Opioid/administration &amp; dosage ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Prehospital buprenorphine administration programs (PBAPs) have spread throughout the United States (U.S.) with limited information on their locations or barriers to implementation, posing challenges to emergency medical services (EMS) systems adopting this clinical care model. This scoping review identifies where current PBAPs operate and summarizes commonly reported barriers to PBAP implementation.<br><br>METHODS: State Offices of EMS were contacted by phone and email and asked if PBAPs operated within the state. After three failed attempts, representative physicians from remaining states were queried through the National Association of EMS Physicians' state membership. Four databases identified PBAPs from manuscripts, popular media, and conference proceedings from each database's inception to 8/25/2024. Programs were included if EMS clinicians administered buprenorphine. Data extraction from academic manuscripts, popular media, and conference proceedings included PBAP location, personnel, protocols, and implementation barriers. Results were reported utilizing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.<br><br>RESULTS: Nineteen states and Washington D.C. reported at least one PBAP, 28 reported none, 3 were pending implementation. Of 977 identified titles, 17 met inclusion criteria. Seven media articles, 4 conference presentations, 3 cohort studies, 2 case series, and 1 scoping review yielded data on 13 unique PBAPs within 8 states. Most PBAPs delivered buprenorphine via 9-1-1 paramedics (61.5%) during an EMS response, or by community paramedics (46.1%) within 24-48&#x2009;h of an EMS response to a patient who experienced an overdose. Five (33.3%) PBAPs reported at least one patient-related barrier to PBAP implementation, including reasons buprenorphine was not administered, lack of treatment access, and patient loss of follow-up. Four programs reported operational-level barriers, including in-person restrictions due to COVID-19, siloing of outpatient services, lack of outpatient service options, inconsistent education of PBAP staff, inconsistent application of PBAP protocols by EMS clinicians, high turnover, and difficulty procuring buprenorphine.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Whereas 19 states in the U.S. and Washington D.C. reported having at least one PBAP, few are reported in literature, and very few report barriers to PBAP implementation. Developing consensus on metrics assessing PBAP implementation is necessary to inform EMS agencies implementing these novel programs throughout the U.S.}, }
@article {pmid39593235, year = {2025}, author = {Fauci, AS and Folkers, GK}, title = {HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: Shared Lessons From 2 Pandemics.}, journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America}, volume = {80}, number = {5}, pages = {1074-1079}, doi = {10.1093/cid/ciae585}, pmid = {39593235}, issn = {1537-6591}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *HIV Infections/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/transmission ; *Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Global Health ; }, abstract = {The global experiences with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics hold important lessons for preparing for, and responding to, future outbreaks of emerging or reemerging infectious diseases. Scores of infectious diseases have emerged or reemerged over the past 4 decades, and future outbreaks are inevitable. The next emerging pathogen likely will again come from unanticipated sources and pose puzzles in terms of microbiology, transmission, natural history, pathogenesis, and epidemiology, and will present challenges to developing countermeasures such as diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Although dozens of lessons could be addressed, 8 selected lessons common to HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 are addressed here. Consideration of the commonality of lessons learned from HIV/AIDS and COVID-19, the 2 most devastating pandemics over the past half century, will help us-and those who follow us-to minimize the impact of future outbreaks and prevent them from becoming global pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid39234905, year = {2025}, author = {Maideen, NMP and Al Rashid, S}, title = {Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir)-Induced Tacrolimus Toxicity in Organ Transplant Recipients - A Review on Drug Interactions Involving CYP3A Enzymes.}, journal = {Current drug safety}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, pages = {291-302}, pmid = {39234905}, issn = {2212-3911}, mesh = {*Tacrolimus/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; *Ritonavir/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/administration &amp; dosage ; *Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/metabolism ; Drug Interactions ; *Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors/adverse effects ; COVID-19 ; Transplant Recipients ; *Organ Transplantation ; Drug Combinations ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) is the first oral therapy approved by the US FDA to treat patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Our current review focuses on clinical data related to tacrolimus toxicity induced by Paxlovid currently available.<br><br>METHODS: A number of online databases, including LitCovid, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO host, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the reference lists were searched to identify articles related to Paxlovid-induced tacrolimus toxicity, using keywords, like drug interactions, Paxlovid, ritonavir, nirmatrelvir, tacrolimus, pharmacokinetic interactions, and CYP3A.<br><br>RESULTS: Tacrolimus is a substrate of CYP3A enzymes and ritonavir of Paxlovid has been identified as a potent inhibitor of CYP3A enzymes. Hence, Paxlovid can inhibit the CYP3A-mediated metabolism of tacrolimus, resulting in elevated plasma concentrations of tacrolimus and toxicity.<br><br>CONCLUSION: A number of case reports and case series have been published to highlight the association of Paxlovid and tacrolimus toxicity in transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection. Various recommendations have been proposed to prevent and mitigate the adverse events related to the DDI of Paxlovid and tacrolimus. Transplant physicians should be aware of this DDI and collaborate with clinical pharmacists on this issue.}, }
@article {pmid40449348, year = {2025}, author = {Viviani, L and Vecchio, R and Pariani, E and Sandri, L and Binda, S and Ammoni, E and Cereda, D and Carducci, A and Pellegrinelli, L and Odone, A}, title = {Wastewater-based epidemiology of influenza viruses: a systematic review.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {986}, number = {}, pages = {179706}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179706}, pmid = {40449348}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a valuable public health tool for monitoring the circulation of many pathogens, including influenza viruses (IVs). The general aim of this study is to systematically retrieve and summarize evidence on the use of WBE for supporting influenza surveillance. Specific objectives are: (i) to map influenza monitoring activities using WBE; (ii) to assess the performance of viral recovery methods; (iii) to explore association with clinical data; (iv) to evaluate the feasibility of typing/subtyping IVs directly from wastewater.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines, focusing on original data from peer-reviewed studies identified through PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 882 identified citations, 42 studies were included in the review. IVs detection was reported in all but one study, although typically at lower concentration than SARS-CoV-2. Thirteen studies (38.09&#xa0;%) performed comparative analysis of different protocols, with mostly inconclusive results. Detection of IVs in the solid fraction of wastewater samples generally outperformed detection in the supernatant/liquid. Additionally, we describe the findings from 22 studies (52.38&#xa0;%) that examined the link between environmental viral concentrations and clinical data, and 14 studies (33.33&#xa0;%) that described IVs subtyping in wastewater.<br><br>CONCLUSION: WBE has the potential to monitor influenza circulation in humans and animals, offering insights into outbreak size and circulating IVs subtypes. However, several key areas remain unexplored. Further research is needed to refine experimental techniques and standardize protocols, and to understand how to successfully integrate WBE data into public health strategies for influenza control.}, }
@article {pmid40447511, year = {2025}, author = {Thibon, C and Vecellio, L and Dubus, JC and Reychler, G}, title = {[Does nebulization present a risk of viral transmission? A narrative review].}, journal = {Revue des maladies respiratoires}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.rmr.2025.04.005}, pmid = {40447511}, issn = {1776-2588}, abstract = {Nebulization is a commonly applied therapy for patients with respiratory conditions, encompassing those infected with respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza and RSV. Since the COVID-19 pandemic occurred, concerns have arisen regarding the release into the environment of airborne particles during nebulization. While this treatment is known to expose healthcare workers to drug particles, the risk of viral dispersion remains poorly documented in the literature. The following narrative review explores this risk with the aim of fostering discussions and recommendations, the objectives being to minimize airborne contamination risk for healthcare workers during future epidemics, and in the management of seasonal viruses.}, }
@article {pmid40447142, year = {2025}, author = {Vreeman, ECA and Pillay, J and Burgess, JK}, title = {Post-COVID pulmonary sequelae: Mechanisms and potential targets to reduce persistent fibrosis.}, journal = {Pharmacology &amp; therapeutics}, volume = {272}, number = {}, pages = {108891}, doi = {10.1016/j.pharmthera.2025.108891}, pmid = {40447142}, issn = {1879-016X}, abstract = {After the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the emergence of long-term sequelae post-infection poses a new healthcare challenge. Following initial infection with SARS-CoV-2, approximately 1 in 10 people experience post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), also known as long COVID. PASC can affect the entire body, with the airways and lungs being a primary target of the initial viral infection. Many post-COVID symptoms have been associated with fibrotic lung lesions and diminished respiratory function. The reversibility, persistence, or progression of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis is still a topic of debate. We aimed to compare current findings and examined similar viral infections from the past, to increase understanding of prevalence, persistence and possible pharmacological targets of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies have documented PASC symptoms persisting up to 3 years post-recovery, and lung impairments present after 15 years after infection with the similar SARS-CoV virus in 2003. These findings suggest the potential for long-term pulmonary fibrosis following SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting the need for new anti-fibrotic treatments capable of reversing pulmonary fibrosis. Besides the approved anti-fibrotics, pirfenidone and nintedanib, other promising treatments include histone deacetylase inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and mesenchymal stem cells. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis are still incompletely understood, necessitating future research to clarify the development of persistent post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2, even a low prevalence of persistent post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis would represent a significant public health concern for which therapeutic strategies are essential to identify.}, }
@article {pmid40446698, year = {2025}, author = {Gao, F and Wen, G}, title = {Strategies for combating FIPV infection: antiviral agents and vaccines.}, journal = {Research in veterinary science}, volume = {192}, number = {}, pages = {105709}, doi = {10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105709}, pmid = {40446698}, issn = {1532-2661}, abstract = {Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is a deadly virus that causes feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats. FIP is a biotype of feline coronavirus (FCoV). Currently, the prevention and treatment of FIPV is challenged by the absence of adequate clinical treatment drugs and vaccines that offer strong immune protection complicated. In this review, we analyse and explain how small-molecule inhibitors function to protect against viral infections. Additionally, we highlight the challenges and future possibilities in developing FIPV vaccines, which are crucial for enhancing FIPV treatment and creating viable vaccine solution strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40446293, year = {2025}, author = {Senek, M and Drummond, D and Pinnock, H and Hansen, K and Ankolekar, A and O'Connor, &#xda; and Gonsard, A and Mazulov, O and Sreter, KB and Thornton, C and Powell, P}, title = {Impact of Digital Health on Patient-Provider Relationships in Respiratory Secondary Care Based on Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence: Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e70970}, doi = {10.2196/70970}, pmid = {40446293}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Telemedicine ; *Secondary Care ; *Professional-Patient Relations ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Qualitative Research ; Digital Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Digital health technology adoption has accelerated in respiratory care, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic, supporting various applications from self-management to telerehabilitation. While these technologies have transformed health care delivery, their impact on the patient-provider relationship in specialist respiratory care remains poorly understood.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically review the literature on the impact of digital health technology on the patient-provider relationship in respiratory secondary care settings and to understand the factors that enhance or diminish this relationship.<br><br>METHODS: In December 2023, we conducted a systematic review following Cochrane methodology, searching MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane databases, and PsycINFO. We included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies examining digital health interventions in respiratory secondary care. Trained volunteers from the European Respiratory Society CONNECT Clinical Research Collaboration performed screening and data extraction. We conducted a qualitative meta-synthesis of findings, followed by an abductive quantitative data analysis. A total of 3 stakeholder workshops were held to interpret findings collaboratively with patients and health care professionals.<br><br>RESULTS: From 15,779 papers screened, 97 met the inclusion criteria (55 qualitative/mixed-methods studies, 42 quantitative studies). Studies covered various respiratory conditions, including COPD (32%), asthma (26%), and COVID-19 (13%). Four main themes emerged: trust (foundational to the relationship), adoption factors (including clinical context and implementation drivers), confidence in technology (based on functionality and the evidence base), and connection (encompassing communication and a caring presence). Digital health technology can either enhance or diminish trust between patients and clinicians, with patients' perceptions of the motivations behind its implementation being crucial. While technology facilitated access and communication, remote consultations risked depersonalisation, particularly when not balanced with in-person interactions. Self-monitoring and access to information empowered patients and promoted more equitable patient-provider relationships.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Digital health technology can either strengthen or weaken patient-provider relationships in respiratory care, with effects impacted by adoption factors, confidence in technology, connection, and patient empowerment. Maintaining trust in the era of digital care requires transparent implementation of motivations, consideration of individual circumstances, and reliable technology that supports rather than replaces the therapeutic relationship.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42024493664; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024493664.}, }
@article {pmid40444574, year = {2025}, author = {Nakaike, T and Nguyen, DA and Makram, AM and Elsheikh, R and Hassani, M and Reda, A and Trieu, MDT and Huy, NT and Hirayama, K}, title = {The Impact of the COVID-19 on Physical Violence, Sexual Violence and Neglect Against Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Child: care, health and development}, volume = {51}, number = {4}, pages = {e70105}, doi = {10.1111/cch.70105}, pmid = {40444574}, issn = {1365-2214}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; *Child Abuse/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Child Abuse, Sexual/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Physical Abuse/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Prevalence ; *Sex Offenses/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Male ; Female ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 caused the interruption of child protection services and economic/psychological burdens on parents. Therefore, in this systematic review and meta-analysis (SR/MA), we aimed to identify the impact of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic on physical and sexual violence and neglect against children by investigating the change in the prevalence of these events before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: The protocol of this study was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42022377660. We included any studies eligible for meta-analysis comparing physical and sexual violence and neglect against children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eleven electronic databases were systematically searched in March 2022. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA, pooled odds ratios were calculated and subgroups by countries and sex of children (when possible) were analysed.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 11 publications were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, we found no significant evidence to support that the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the prevalence or proportion of the three types of violence against children, even after segregating the data to the country or sex levels.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Overall, our analysis revealed no significant change in physical and sexual violence, as well as neglect against children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the majority of data sources being hospital records and child protection services. More self-reported studies should be performed, especially in low- and middle-income countries, for a better understanding of child abuse and neglect around the world.}, }
@article {pmid40443361, year = {2025}, author = {Spicuzza, L and Attinà, A and Bignamini, E and Cilla, M and De Bortoli, J and Di Michele, L and Foresi, A and Malorgio, E and Marino, L and Rocca, A and Toraldo, DM and Sanna, A}, title = {Telemedicine in the Management of Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Evidence from the Literature and Practical Issues. A Consensus Document from the Task Force for Telemedicine in Respiratory Diseases, Part of the Italian Society of Telemedicine.}, journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1089/tmj.2024.0573}, pmid = {40443361}, issn = {1556-3669}, abstract = {Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a high prevalent condition associated with relevant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, determining the consume of a great amount of health care resources. Diagnosis and treatment of OSA are generally performed in OSA Units (OUs). However, although the large expansion of OUs in western countries, these still fail to cope with the increasing number of patients requiring care. Since long time, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine (TM) has been explored as a tool to monitor both physiological parameters during sleep and treatment outcomes. Recently, the availability of wireless data transmission technology and new TM solutions has given an impetus to the spread of TM services. Nowadays, these find application throughout the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with OSA and the management of these patients is recognized as the most promising TM application among chronic disorders. A Task Force of experts in respiratory diseases, within the Italian Society of Telemedicine, has recently produced a document on distance management of OSA. Here, we present a revision of literature discussed by the TF and the document produced focusing on how to integrate TM services into the traditional routine care of patients with OSA.}, }
@article {pmid40443291, year = {2025}, author = {Joseph, MM and P, S and Arya, JS and Nair, JB}, title = {Bridging pandemic and oncology challenges: Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in the fight against COVID-19 and cancer.}, journal = {Science progress}, volume = {108}, number = {2}, pages = {368504251342977}, pmid = {40443291}, issn = {2047-7163}, mesh = {*Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods ; Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/virology/epidemiology ; *Neoplasms/diagnosis/therapy/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Pandemics ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; }, abstract = {While Raman spectroscopy itself stands on the principle of inelastic scattering of light, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) amplifies those normally rather weak Raman signals by way of interactions between molecules and nanostructured metal surfaces. The technique has rapidly evolved into a very powerful analytical tool with enormous potential in combating cancer and COVID-19. SERS is a useful tool for diagnostics and treatment monitoring because of its remarkable sensitivity and ability to detect low-abundance molecules; nevertheless, standardizing techniques, guaranteeing reproducibility across several platforms, and overcoming problems related to signal enhancement and sensitivity under different experimental conditions remain challenges. SERS is also being explored about the COVID-19 pandemic, where its high sensitivity and specificity hold a promise in diagnostics, treatment monitoring, and even environmental tracing of the virus. When it comes to treatment, SERS-based theragnostic applications offer a two-pronged approach by combining therapeutic interventions with diagnostic capabilities that would make different therapies more accurate and effective. Approaches to SERS-guided drug delivery systems are discussed that would allow the drug to reach exactly where the antiviral agent is wanted, hence reducing side effects and enhancing treatment outcomes. Other approaches examined, including nanoparticle-based SERS for targeted therapy and the design of SERS tags, allow therapy and develop new ways of treatment against this virus. Finally, potential future developments of SERS technology and its wider applications in cancer and virology are discussed, with a specific view on the impact SERS might have on how infectious diseases are treated. In addition to discussing its present and potential uses, this narrative review emphasizes the critical role that SERS plays in developing and tracking cancer and COVID-19 treatments.}, }
@article {pmid40443190, year = {2025}, author = {Ravichandran, N and Dillon, E and McCombe, G and Sietins, E and Broughan, J and O' Connor, K and Gulati, G and Frawley, T and Kelly, BD and Guérandel, A and Osborne, B and Cullen, W}, title = {Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders in General Practice from 2014 to 2024: A literature review and discussion paper.}, journal = {Irish journal of psychological medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-8}, doi = {10.1017/ipm.2025.24}, pmid = {40443190}, issn = {2051-6967}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many consultations in primary care involve patients with mental health problems, and primary care is typically the place where many such patients initially seek help. While considerable research has examined the prevalence of mental health disorders in primary care, relatively few papers have examined this issue in recent years. This study aims to address this gap by reviewing contemporary literature from 2014 to 2024 on the prevalence of mental health disorders among general practice patients.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive search across PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar was conducted, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for article selection and assessment, examining the prevalence of mental health disorders in general practice.<br><br>RESULTS: Studies varied in methodologies and healthcare settings, with reported prevalence rates of mental health disorders ranging from 2.4% to 56.3%. Demographic characteristics (female gender, older age) were associated with a higher prevalence of mental health disorders in the studies identified. Studies based on patient interviews reported broader prevalence (2.4-56.3%) compared to studies using electronic medical record reviews (12-38%). Prevalence also varied between countries. Notably, there has been a lack of post-COVID-19 studies, especially within Europe, examining the prevalence of mental health prevalence in primary care.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Mental health problems are still common among patients attending general practice; the approach to data collection (i.e., prospective interviews with patients), female gender and older age appear to be correlates of higher estimates. Further research involving a large-scale study with multiple sites is a priority.}, }
@article {pmid40145810, year = {2025}, author = {Donohue, C and Raye, K and Pandharipande, P and Dittus, RS and Ely, EW}, title = {A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Characteristics of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Critically Ill Patients During the Acute and Postacute Recovery Phase.}, journal = {Critical care medicine}, volume = {53}, number = {6}, pages = {e1292-e1302}, doi = {10.1097/CCM.0000000000006669}, pmid = {40145810}, issn = {1530-0293}, mesh = {Humans ; *Deglutition Disorders/epidemiology/etiology ; *Critical Illness ; Prevalence ; COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of oropharyngeal dysphagia in critically ill adults during acute and postacute care settings.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO and used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Five electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Embase) from the time of inception to September 2024 using search terms: dysphagia, deglutition disorders, swallowing disorders, sepsis, postintensive care syndrome, COVID-19, critical illness.<br><br>STUDY SELECTION: Independent review of articles was conducted by two raters using four inclusion criteria: 1) adults older than 18 years; 2) diagnosis of COVID-19, sepsis, critical illness, or ostintensive care syndrome and dysphagia; 3) underwent clinical swallow evaluation; and 4) in acute or postacute care setting.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION: Two raters independently assessed levels of research evidence and risk of bias using the Oxford center for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence and the Modified Downs and Black Checklist and extracted demographics, study design, dysphagia assessment methods, outcomes, and comorbidities.<br><br>DATA SYNTHESIS: After removing duplicates, 5058 articles were identified and 4844 screened out based on title/abstract. Full-text review was completed for 214 articles, and 51 met inclusion. Prevalence of dysphagia ranged from 15% to 100%. Dysphagia persisted in up to 74% of individuals at hospital discharge and up to 22% of patients 10 to 17 months posthospital discharge.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Due to study design limitations, high risk of bias, and heterogeneity in methods/outcomes, firm conclusions cannot be drawn. However, current data suggest a high prevalence of dysphagia in critically ill adults who persists greater than or equal to 12 months posthospital discharge. Given the high rates of silent aspiration, prospective, longitudinal research is needed to further understand the prevalence and impact of chronic dysphagia on health and quality of life in critically ill adults.}, }
@article {pmid40442421, year = {2025}, author = {Singh, BP}, title = {Analyzing the Interplay of Air Pollution and COVID-19: A Review on Health Implications.}, journal = {EcoHealth}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40442421}, issn = {1612-9210}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on global public health, highlighting the complex relationship between air pollution and disease transmission. Approximately 2.3 billion people live in regions with high levels of air pollution, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, with countries like India facing severe challenges. This review examines the association between various pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO, and the spread, severity, and mortality of COVID-19. Particulate matter, particularly fine particles, serves as a carrier for viral particles, facilitating faster transmission and increasing respiratory vulnerability. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to air pollutants exacerbates the severity of COVID-19 symptoms, especially in densely populated urban areas. During the lockdown phases, significant reductions in air pollution were observed, including decreases in PM2.5 by up to 93%, PM10 by 83%, and NO2 levels, which contributed to improved air quality and potentially mitigated COVID-19 mortality rates. The review also underscores regional disparities, with marginalized populations bearing a disproportionate burden of pollution exposure and health impacts. Gaseous pollutants such as NO2 were found to contribute to respiratory inflammation, increasing the susceptibility to severe COVID-19 outcomes. Additionally, the review explores the influence of meteorological and climatic factors on COVID-19 outcomes, noting the varying impact of temperature, humidity, and other factors depending on the season, geographical location, and latitude. These findings offer critical insights for policymakers and public health authorities in developing strategies for mitigating both air pollution and COVID-19 transmission.}, }
@article {pmid40442046, year = {2025}, author = {Bansal, AK and Kumar, D}, title = {Solid-State Pharmaceutics Research in India: Present and Future.}, journal = {Molecular pharmaceutics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00534}, pmid = {40442046}, issn = {1543-8392}, abstract = {The pharmaceutical industry not only plays a crucial role in the healthcare system but also contributes significantly to the economy of a country. It is interesting to note that in 2024, a Danish pharmaceutical company held the title of Europe's most valuable company. Novo Nordisk, riding on popularity of a weight-loss drug, had a valuation of $600 billion in 2024, outweighing the GDP of Denmark Nat Med 2024, 30, 2049. Indian companies have achieved global recognition in generics, thus earning India the title of the "pharmacy of the world". This position was further strengthened during the COVID-19 pandemic when India supported the global needs with its high-capacity manufacturing and efficient supply chain management. However, despite these awards, the total valuation of the Indian pharmaceutical market, including its export values, is less than $100 billion. This highlights the focus of Indian pharmaceutical companies on generics, which generally generates less revenue with high volumes Journal of Positive School Psychology 2022, 9285. In contrast, innovative products can generate a high revenue and accelerate economic growth. Innovative companies spend a good amount of their funds on research and development. It is well-recognized that a synergy between academic research institutions and pharmaceutical companies supports innovative outcomes Res. Policy 1991, 20, 1-12. In this perspective, we discuss the prominent areas of pharmaceutical research in Indian academia and also analyze the status of solid-state pharmaceutics (SSP) and pharmaceutical crystal engineering research. The article discusses the evolution of research in SSP, its status, and future prospects. Authors emphasize the need for improvement of the research ecosystem for SSP, thus ensuring availability of optimal human resources for this critical component of the pharmaceutical industry. There is a need to create a "solid-state pharmaceutics research cluster" in India to accelerate the research and support the growth of the Indian pharmaceutical industry.}, }
@article {pmid40441732, year = {2025}, author = {Ibrahim, S and Siemieniuk, RAC and Oliveros, MJ and Islam, N and Díaz Martinez, JP and Izcovich, A and Qasim, A and Zhao, Y and Zaror, C and Yao, L and Wang, Y and Vandvik, PO and Roldan, Y and Rochwerg, B and Rada, G and Prasad, M and Pardo-Hernandez, H and Mustafa, RA and Fashami, FM and Miroshnychenko, A and McLeod, SL and Mansilla, C and Lamontagne, F and Khosravirad, A and Honarmand, K and Ghadimi, M and Gao, Y and Foroutan, F and Devji, T and Couban, R and Chu, DK and Chowdhury, SR and Chang, Y and Bravo-Soto, G and Bosio, C and Biscay, D and Bhogal, G and Azab, M and Agoritsas, T and Agarwal, A and Guyatt, GH and Brignardello-Petersen, R}, title = {Drug treatments for mild or moderate covid-19: systematic review and network meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {389}, number = {}, pages = {e081165}, pmid = {40441732}, issn = {1756-1833}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Network Meta-Analysis as Topic ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Alanine/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Ritonavir/therapeutic use ; Lopinavir/therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Pyrazines/therapeutic use ; Severity of Illness Index ; Amides/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of treatments for mild or moderate (that is, non-severe) coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19).<br><br>DESIGN: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: Covid-19 Living Overview of Evidence Repository (covid-19 L-OVE) by the Epistemonikos Foundation, a public, living repository of covid-19 articles, from 1 January 2023 to 19 May 2024. The search also included the WHO covid-19 database (up to 17 February 2023) and six Chinese databases (up to 20 February 2021). The analysis included studies identified between 1 December 2019 and 28 June 2023.<br><br>STUDY SELECTION: Randomised clinical trials in which people with suspected, probable, or confirmed mild or moderate covid-19 were allocated to drug treatment or to standard care or placebo. Pairs of reviewers independently screened potentially eligible articles.<br><br>METHODS: After duplicate data abstraction, a bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted. Risk of bias was assessed by use of a modification of the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 tool, and the certainty of the evidence using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach. For each outcome, following GRADE guidance, drug treatments were classified in groups from the most to the least beneficial or harmful.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 259 trials enrolling 166&#x2009;230 patients, 187 (72%) were included in the analysis. Compared with standard care, two drugs probably reduce hospital admission: nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (25 fewer per 1000 (95% confidence interval 28 fewer to 20 fewer), moderate certainty) and remdesivir (21 fewer per 1000 (28 fewer to 7 fewer), moderate certainty). Molnupiravir and systemic corticosteroids may reduce hospital admission (low certainty). Compared with standard care, azithromycin probably reduces time to symptom resolution (mean difference 4 days fewer (5 fewer to 3 fewer), moderate certainty) and systemic corticosteroids, favipiravir, molnupiravir, and umifenovir probably also reduce duration of symptoms (moderate to high certainty). Compared with standard care, only lopinavir-ritonavir increased adverse effects leading to discontinuation.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and remdesivir probably reduce admission to hospital, and systemic corticosteroids and molnupiravir may reduce admission to hospital. Several medications including systemic corticosteroids and molnupiravir probably reduce time to symptom resolution.<br><br>This review was not registered. The protocol is publicly available in the supplementary material.}, }
@article {pmid40441594, year = {2025}, author = {Forsdyke, DR}, title = {Mechanism and biological significance of erythrocyte homoaggregation (rouleaux formation): temperature-dependent entropic liberation of water from cells and macromolecules.}, journal = {Bio Systems}, volume = {254}, number = {}, pages = {105504}, doi = {10.1016/j.biosystems.2025.105504}, pmid = {40441594}, issn = {1872-8324}, abstract = {In the pre-antibiotic era, infections were usually more frequent and serious than today. Robin Fåhraeus (1888-1958) examined the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test for infections, which was normally carried out in vitro with freshly drawn blood. His extensive studies on the mechanism and physiological significance of the enhanced sedimentation of erythrocyte aggregates (rouleaux) in disease included in vivo simulation. This led him to propose an explanation for the finding of long white strips ("fibrin coagula") within the blood vessels of those who had died from infections. The surge of serious infections in pandemic times has likely kindled a reemergence. He further speculated that (i) the weak aggregation of red blood cells (RBCs) followed the liberation of water molecules from their surfaces, and (ii) the importance of their aggregation, which was induced by changes in serum proteins (not necessarily antibodies), extended beyond the clinic. In modern times these changes have led to immunologically significant entropic interpretations of infection-associated aggregations, whether cellular (e.g., RBC) or molecular (i.e., macromolecular polymerizations). Thus, rouleaux formation displays a process at the cellular level that can proceed in parallel at a less visible macromolecular level. It has been proposed that, when intracellular, aggregations would discriminate between self and not-self proteins in the crowded cytosol. Favoured by an associated pyrexia, this could lead, by mechanisms to be determined, to the preferential loading of peptides from proteins deemed "foreign" for presentation as major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) to specific clones of immune cells.}, }
@article {pmid40440696, year = {2025}, author = {Sylla, B and Ismaila, O and Diallo, G}, title = {25 Years of Digital Health Toward Universal Health Coverage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Rapid Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e59042}, doi = {10.2196/59042}, pmid = {40440696}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {Humans ; *Developing Countries ; *Telemedicine ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Universal Health Insurance ; Mobile Applications ; Health Services Accessibility ; Retrospective Studies ; Digital Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Over the last 25 years, digital health interventions in low- and middle-income countries have undergone substantial transformations propelled by technological advancements, increased internet accessibility, and a deeper appreciation of the benefits of digital tools in enhancing health care availability.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the evolution, impact, and prospects of digital health interventions in low- and middle-income countries, highlighting their role in improving health care accessibility and equity.<br><br>METHODS: A retrospective analysis of digital health initiatives scanning the past two and a half decades focused on the progression from basic SMS platforms to sophisticated mobile health apps and other health digital interventions. Relevant literature and case studies were reviewed to elucidate key milestones, successes, challenges, and opportunities in advancing digital health initiatives in low- and middle-income regions.<br><br>RESULTS: Digital health initiatives in low- and middle-income countries initially targeted specific health concerns, such as malaria diagnosis and treatment, through text-based platforms, demonstrating their efficacy in reaching remote and marginalized communities. With the proliferation of mobile phone ownership and internet access, these interventions evolved into comprehensive mobile health apps, facilitating self-care support, patient education, chronic disease monitoring, and remote consultations. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated the adoption of digital health interventions, particularly in disseminating health information, supporting contact tracing efforts, and enabling virtual consultations to alleviate strain on health care systems.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The future of digital health interventions in low- and middle-income countries holds immense promise, fueled by emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain. However, challenges persist in ensuring equitable access to digital health technologies, addressing disparities in digital literacy, and establishing robust health care infrastructure. Collaboration among governments, health care providers, technology innovators, and communities is essential to overcome these challenges and harness the full potential of digital health to improve health care outcomes in low- and middle-income countries.}, }
@article {pmid40439840, year = {2025}, author = {Liu, X}, title = {ACE2, a therapeutic target of COVID-19, needs to be treated with caution.}, journal = {Archives of virology}, volume = {170}, number = {7}, pages = {143}, pmid = {40439840}, issn = {1432-8798}, support = {2015647//Minist&#xe8;re de l'Education Nationale, de la Formation professionnelle, de l'Enseignement Sup&#xe9;rieur et de la Recherche Scientifique/ ; }, mesh = {*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/genetics ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/physiology ; COVID-19/virology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Virus Internalization/drug effects ; }, abstract = {Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has garnered significant attention for its crucial role in infection by both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Consequently, it has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of COVID-19. It is therefore important to understand the mechanisms and modes of action of current and future treatments involving ACE2. Three important strategies have been explored in previous studies: (1) interruption of the interaction between ACE2 and the coronavirus spike protein using compounds or monoclonal antibodies, (2) capturing the extracellular virus by employing soluble ACE2 as a decoy, and (3) reducing the expression or inhibiting the activity of ACE2 through genetic approaches or drug intervention. However, the third strategy of inhibiting ACE2 activity as a means of treating COVID-19 is potentially risky, and the wisdom of pursuing this approach is subject to debate. Here, the advisability of using anti-ACE2 treatment in the context of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections is challenged by reviewing the physiological function of ACE2 and the mechanism of viral entry, emphasizing the pathological impairment of ACE2 that occurs during SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection and arguing that the potential hazards associated with ACE2 impairment should be given more attention. Because of the important concerns regarding the potential side effects of ACE2 inhibition, researchers are strongly urged to approach this issue with caution.}, }
@article {pmid40438846, year = {2025}, author = {Idris Fadul, AA and Osman Mohamed, AA and Mohammed Ahmed, AAS and Elmobark, S and Merghani Hammour, AS and Elgaleel Khir Elsiad, NMN and Mohammed Elhaj, EA}, title = {Post-coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cardiovascular Manifestations: A Systematic Review of Long-Term Risks and Outcomes.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e83083}, pmid = {40438846}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Emerging evidence suggests that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors face increased risks of cardiovascular complications, but the long-term risks, underlying mechanisms, and clinical implications remain incompletely characterized. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on post-COVID-19 cardiovascular manifestations, evaluating their incidence, pathophysiology, and outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Fifteen observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) meeting predefined eligibility criteria, confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, cardiovascular outcomes assessed ≥4 weeks post-infection, sample sizes >10, and peer-reviewed publication, were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The multinational studies (United States, Europe, Asia, South America) involved diverse populations (n=80-8,126,462), with follow-up durations ranging from three to 24 months. Mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction, myocardial inflammation, and autonomic dysregulation were consistently supported across studies via imaging (e.g., cardiac MRI) and biomarkers (e.g., troponin, C-reactive protein (CRP)). Persistent arrhythmias and subclinical myocardial injury were directly demonstrated in 40-60% of patients. Worse outcomes were associated with hospitalization during acute infection, preexisting cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Heterogeneity in follow-up durations may limit the detection of very-late-onset complications, though risks remained elevated across all intervals. Individualized management strategies should include cardiovascular imaging (echocardiography, MRI), biomarker profiling, and tailored pharmacotherapy (anti-inflammatory agents, anticoagulants). The ethical rationale for randomized trials is now strengthened by the clear evidence of long-term risks; ongoing trials are testing targeted anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant regimens. These findings underscore the necessity of systematic cardiovascular surveillance and risk-stratified care for COVID-19 survivors. Future research should prioritize extended follow-up studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to optimize interventions for this growing population.}, }
@article {pmid40438117, year = {2025}, author = {Li, Z and Qin, L and Xu, X and Chen, R and Zhang, G and Wang, B and Li, B and Chu, XM}, title = {Immune modulation: the key to combat SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial injury.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1561946}, pmid = {40438117}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Animals ; *Cardiomyopathies/immunology ; Myocardium/immunology/pathology ; *Immunomodulation ; }, abstract = {The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has posed significant healthcare challenges. In addition to respiratory complications, it has led to severe damage in other organs, particularly the cardiovascular system. Of which, myocardial injury is increasingly recognized as a most significant complication, contributing to the high mortality. Recent research indicates the pivotal role of immune dysregulation in mediating myocardial injury in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the immune mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2-induced myocardial damage, focusing on the roles of key immune cells and molecules that contribute to this pathological process. Aiming at mitigating the myocardial injury of COVID-19, we review immune-based treatments under evaluation in preclinical and clinical trials. Along with talking about the similarities and differences in myocardial injury resulting from SARS-CoV-2, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This article provides a unique perspective on using past experiences to prevent myocardial injury in the face of ongoing virus mutations.}, }
@article {pmid40438110, year = {2025}, author = {Konopka, EN and Edgerton, AO and Kutzler, MA}, title = {Nucleic acid vaccines: innovations, efficacy, and applications in at-risk populations.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1584876}, pmid = {40438110}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Vaccine Efficacy ; *Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccine Development ; mRNA Vaccines/immunology ; Aging/immunology ; }, abstract = {For more than two centuries, the field of vaccine development has progressed through the adaptation of novel platforms in parallel with technological developments. Building off the advantages and shortcomings of first and second-generation vaccine platforms, the advent of third-generation nucleic acid vaccines has enabled new approaches to tackle emerging infectious diseases, cancers, and pathogens where vaccines remain unavailable. Unlike traditional vaccine platforms, nucleic acid vaccines offer several new advantages, including their lower cost and rapid production, which was widely demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Beyond production, DNA and mRNA vaccines can elicit unique and targeted responses through specialized design and delivery approaches. Considering the growth of nucleic acid vaccine research over the past two decades, the evaluation of their efficacy in at-risk populations is paramount for refining and improving vaccine design. Importantly, the aging population represents a significant portion of individuals highly susceptible to infection and disease. This review seeks to outline the major impairments in vaccine-induced responses due to aging that may be targeted for improvement with design and delivery components encompassing mRNA and DNA vaccine formulations. Results of pre-clinical and clinical applications of these vaccines in aged animal models and humans will also be evaluated to outline current successes and limitations observed in these platforms.}, }
@article {pmid40438065, year = {2025}, author = {Blackberry, I and Boak, J and Barclay, K and Khalil, H}, title = {What is the care economy? A scoping review on current evidence, challenges, facilitators and future opportunities.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1540009}, pmid = {40438065}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *Caregivers/economics ; *COVID-19/economics/epidemiology ; Female ; Adult ; Male ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The care economy gained its prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The value and impact of caregiving, mostly shouldered by women, was not as visible until such crisis point. Health care and social support sectors represent the largest and fastest growing industry globally. This scoping review aims to elucidate the current state of play in the care economy, where there is a great reliance on informal and formal care workforce to deliver care for populations across all age groups and abilities.<br><br>METHODS: Following Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and PRISMA-SCR reporting guidance, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Campbell collaboration database, Social Science Abstracts, Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) and Scopus. Quantitative and qualitative original research on disability, aged care, early childhood education and care, rural, veterans, migrants and informal and formal care workforce from January 2018 until November 2023 were examined.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 354 studies selected, 20% were from the United States of America, 11% each were from China and the United Kingdom. Most studies employed cross-sectional design. A quarter of the studies included adults aged 65&#x202f;years and above while 6% were adults aged 18 to 64&#x202f;years. These age groups combined were included in an additional 27% of studies. Women were overrepresented in 70% of the studies. Nearly two-thirds of caregivers were spouses or partners. Barriers to providing care were lack of education, support and monitoring of caregiver well-being, loss of income or ability to earn money, reduced social life and increased out-of-pocket costs. Gaps in research included migrant populations' contribution to the care economy, gender and diversity inequality in the care economy. The care economy could be improved through providing education for caregivers, care workforce engaging with caregivers in the care plan, and governments' overhaul of compensation for caregivers through direct financial support and employment benefits.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The care economy is an emerging research area. There continues to be a paucity of research evidence across some geographical areas. Studies are mostly short term or small scale with very little evidence around the value of care. Given the growing aging population, more research is needed to elucidate the positive aspects of caring by formal and informal care workforce to the population, society and economy.<br><br>PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The protocol is registered with Open Science Framework (10.17605). "Definitions, key themes and aspects of the care economy-a scoping review protocol," https://osf.io/ypmuh.}, }
@article {pmid40438050, year = {2025}, author = {Moreira da Cunha, N and Tzirita, S and Gobbo, E and Herzig van Wees, S}, title = {Factors influencing adolescents' decision-making about COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review with qualitative synthesis.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1563677}, pmid = {40438050}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; *Decision Making ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Vaccination/psychology ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Literacy ; Qualitative Research ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Attitudes towards vaccination are influenced by a broad range of factors, yet little is known about the drivers shaping adolescents' vaccination beliefs. The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore the factors influencing adolescents' individual decision-making towards COVID-19 vaccination.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using Medline, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts, and Publicly Available Content Database. Studies on attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of adolescents regarding COVID-19 vaccines were included. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist was used for quality assessment, followed by thematic synthesis of the included studies.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 13 studies were included, revealing 5 key themes: (1) Limited vaccine literacy influences adolescents' attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines; (2) Family, peers, and community strongly influence adolescents' COVID-19 vaccine decision-making; (3) Different levels of trust in vaccine providers and governments influence adolescents' attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines; (4) Desire to go back to normality influences adolescents' COVID-19 vaccine attitudes towards vaccine acceptancy; (5) Autonomy influences adolescents' COVID-19 vaccine decision-making.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The review findings suggest that vaccine acceptance among adolescents could be improved through tailored and accessible vaccine literacy messaging, addressing structural mistrust, and empowering adolescents to make autonomous health decisions that take into account diverse contexts and populations.<br><br>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024512197, identifier CRD42024512197.}, }
@article {pmid40437478, year = {2025}, author = {Mann, C and Reuben, E and Baker, S and Hijazi, M and Nandakumar, AK and Shetty, P and Stanley, R and Igboelina, O and Nyombi, G and Nzoya, D and Oli, S and Kena, G and Piña, C and Tuchman, J and Sklaw, K and Kola-Jebutu, A and Lohar, I and Cam, ANT and Kamdem, ST and Kouadio Kouadio, YM}, title = {Addressing the HIV/AIDS investment gap through stronger public financial management systems: a human-centered approach.}, journal = {BMC health services research}, volume = {24}, number = {Suppl 1}, pages = {1670}, doi = {10.1186/s12913-024-11324-1}, pmid = {40437478}, issn = {1472-6963}, mesh = {Humans ; *HIV Infections/economics ; *Financial Management/organization &amp; administration ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/economics ; Budgets ; COVID-19 ; *Financing, Government/organization &amp; administration ; Capacity Building ; *Investments ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: UNAIDS estimated that US$29 billion will be required by 2025 to meet HIV/AIDS service demands, with 53 percent expected to come from domestic sources. The PEPFAR-funded, USAID-implemented Sustainable Financing Initiative for HIV/AIDS (SFI), starting in 2014, supported domestic resources mobilization efforts and activities to strengthen countries' public financial management (PFM) systems, positively contributing to much-needed increase in domestic resources for health and HIV.<br><br>PROGRAM APPROACH: SFI was implemented in 12 countries, supporting activities to build the capacity of governments to mobilize domestic resources for HIV, improve budget absorption, and maximize resource use and develop and use evidence for advocacy to increase domestic government funds for HIV/AIDS. SFI measured impact by agreed upon indicators and estimated return on investment (ROI).<br><br>RESULTS: Eight countries focused on building capacity to improve budgeting and execution of health and HIV/AIDS funds; five experienced increases in budget allocation and spending. Kenya country governments spent an additional US$180 million and US$8.7 million on health and HIV, respectively. This contributed to US$60 mobilized and spent for every SFI dollar invested. Eight countries focused on using evidence to advocate for more domestic resources for health and HIV/AIDS from government budgets, increase budget execution, and identify areas for efficiency. Cambodia saw an increase in government commitments for ARVs from US$1.5 million annually from 2018-2020 to US$5 million by 2023.<br><br>LESSONS LEARNED: Robust data are needed for evidence-based advocacy to increase domestic government funding for HIV/AIDS and to strengthen PFM systems for more efficient and effective resource use; institutionalizing capacity building efforts allows for locally-led technical assistance; policy-related work is a multi-year endeavor; PFM success can be stymied by political transitions, political will, and donor commitments; COVID-19 brought new challenges and new opportunities; measurable results can lead to greater impact; and results are not necessarily solely project attributions with possible inflation of ROI estimates given there was no counterfactual.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Strengthening PFM systems can increase domestic resources for health and HIV through increased revenue and improved efficiency; closing the investment gap to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic by 2030.}, }
@article {pmid40436612, year = {2025}, author = {Daynes, E and Barker, RE and Jones, AV and Walsh, JA and Nolan, CM and Man, WD and Singh, SJ and Greening, NJ and Houchen-Wolloff, L and Evans, RA}, title = {Determining the minimum important differences for field walking tests in adults with long-term conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society}, volume = {34}, number = {176}, pages = {}, pmid = {40436612}, issn = {1600-0617}, mesh = {Humans ; *Walk Test ; *Exercise Tolerance ; Time Factors ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Male ; Female ; *Minimal Clinically Important Difference ; Reproducibility of Results ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; *Lung/physiopathology ; *Walking ; Aged ; *Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis/physiopathology/therapy ; *Heart Diseases/diagnosis/physiopathology ; Prognosis ; *Exercise Test ; *Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis/physiopathology ; Chronic Disease ; }, abstract = {IMPORTANCE: The minimum important difference (MID) for field walking tests aims to improve interpretation of outcomes, but the volume and heterogeneity of MIDs for these tests is challenging. We aimed to determine the MID for the 6-min walk distance (6MWD), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) in adults with long-term conditions.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review included studies that generated a MID using an anchor-based approach in patients with long-term conditions for the 6MWD, ISWT or ESWT field walking tests. Studies were screened and data extracted by independent reviewers. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan.<br><br>RESULTS: 42 studies were included in the analyses, involving n=13&#x2009;949 participants. Of these, 12 studies involving exercise as an intervention were included in the meta-analyses to produce MIDs, presented as mean (95% confidence interval). The MID for the 6MWD was 25&#x2005;m (24-26&#x2005;m) for respiratory conditions, 23&#x2005;m (8-37&#x2005;m) for cardiac conditions and 37&#x2005;m (26-49&#x2005;m) for neurological/musculoskeletal conditions. The MID for the ISWT was 48&#x2005;m (39-57&#x2005;m) for respiratory conditions and 70&#x2005;m (55-85&#x2005;m) for cardiac conditions. The MID for ESWT in COPD was 159&#x2005;s (94-224&#x2005;s). The pooled MID across conditions within exercise interventions was 26&#x2005;m (22-40&#x2005;m) for the 6MWD and 53&#x2005;m (44-62&#x2005;m) for the ISWT, with reasonable heterogeneity (I[2]=48% and I[2]=47%, respectively).<br><br>CONCLUSION: We propose new MIDs for exercise interventions using anchor-based methodology in long&#x2011;term conditions for the 6MWD, ISWT and ESWT. These can be used internationally for meta&#x2011;analyses where studies have used different field walking tests, to optimise trial sample size calculations, and for clinical service benchmarking.}, }
@article {pmid40435404, year = {2025}, author = {Machtinger, AN and Machkovech, HM and O'Connor, SL and Johnson, MC and Shafer, MM and Friedrich, TC and O'Connor, DH}, title = {Community-Scale Molecular Surveillance for Human Viruses.}, journal = {Annual review of virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-virology-092623-102821}, pmid = {40435404}, issn = {2327-0578}, abstract = {Environmental surveillance, including wastewater and air sampling, has emerged as a powerful complement to traditional clinical surveillance for monitoring viral circulation. Advances in sampling and detection technologies, many spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, have enabled more sensitive and comprehensive characterization of viruses in diverse types of commingled samples from multiple individuals. Expanding environmental monitoring globally presents challenges and opportunities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where centralized sewage infrastructure may be limited. Ethical implementation will require balancing privacy and transparency through community engagement. Future directions include using environmental surveillance to detect emerging zoonoses, fill gaps when clinical testing wanes, and inform public health actions. While logistical, regulatory, and ethical challenges remain, coordination across scientific and public health stakeholders can enable environmental monitoring to transform epidemic intelligence. This review summarizes recent developments in environmental surveillance systems and discusses how they can mitigate the introduction and spread of viruses in communities.}, }
@article {pmid40360101, year = {2025}, author = {Aldaais, EA}, title = {Cellulose-based and polysaccharide delivery systems for phytochemicals in MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 treatment: A systematic review of therapeutic potential.}, journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules}, volume = {313}, number = {}, pages = {143985}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143985}, pmid = {40360101}, issn = {1879-0003}, mesh = {Humans ; *Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/drug effects ; *Polysaccharides/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Cellulose/chemistry ; *Phytochemicals/chemistry/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology ; *Drug Delivery Systems ; *Antiviral Agents/chemistry ; COVID-19 ; *Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Chitosan/chemistry ; Drug Carriers/chemistry ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; }, abstract = {Phytochemical delivery systems often suffer from poor bioavailability and stability, limiting their therapeutic impact against coronaviruses. Polysaccharide-based carriers offer promising alternatives due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and potential for functionalization. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of cellulose-based and other polysaccharide delivery systems in enhancing phytochemical delivery for MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 treatment. Following PRISMA guidelines, six databases were searched for studies published between 2019 and 2024. Twenty studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed for delivery system performance, including particle characterization, drug loading efficiency, and therapeutic outcomes. Chitosan-based systems exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency (86.8 %) and bioavailability enhancement (10.04-fold). Cellulose nanocrystals showed favorable particle size (100-250 nm) and drug loading capacity (72.5 %). Hybrid systems offered sustained stability up to 72 h under physiological conditions. All systems demonstrated good safety profiles, with cell viability exceeding 85 %. Statistical analyses confirmed significant differences between carrier types (p < 0.05), with chitosan systems performing best overall. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of polysaccharide-based delivery systems for coronavirus treatment. Future research should address the limited data on MERS-CoV-specific systems and standardize methodologies to enhance cross-study comparability.}, }
@article {pmid40272340, year = {2025}, author = {Shanker, AJ and Jones, SO and Blankenship, JC and Cheung, JW and Ekeruo, IA and Hurwitz, JL and Liu, CF and Merchant, FM and Su, WW and Varosy, PD}, title = {HRS/ACC scientific statement: Guiding principles on same-day discharge for intracardiac catheter ablation procedures.}, journal = {Heart rhythm}, volume = {22}, number = {6}, pages = {e1-e12}, doi = {10.1016/j.hrthm.2025.02.029}, pmid = {40272340}, issn = {1556-3871}, mesh = {Humans ; *Catheter Ablation/methods/standards ; *Patient Discharge/standards ; United States ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Arrhythmias, Cardiac/surgery ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; }, abstract = {Percutaneous catheter ablation in interventional cardiac electrophysiology has evolved over the past several decades. Technologic advances and evolving procedural strategies have improved procedural efficiencies, increased success rates, and lowered complication rates. These advances have increased the ability to treat more patients successfully; however, limitations to access have grown. Access challenges (exacerbated during the COVID-19 public health emergency) and economic pressures have driven a shift in practice trends to reduce hospitalization duration and optimize resource utilization. A same-day discharge (SDD) strategy has increasingly been used to address these challenges. Incorporating a SDD strategy has recently been supported by global clinical studies (demonstrating proof of concept) and real-world evidence/United States Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services claims data (characterizing a low incidence of complications and need for readmission/emergency department visits). This document analyzes available global clinical data and real-world evidence examining the impact of a cardiac ablation SDD strategy on patient safety, patient access, operational efficiencies, and health care expenditures. Recommended best practices will also be characterized built on the foundation of a shared decision-making strategy that optimizes patient safety, comfort, and procedural outcomes. As clinical flow paradigms evolve with alternate sites of care (ie, ambulatory surgery centers), real-world registries to track outcomes should inform future decision-making.}, }
@article {pmid40007187, year = {2025}, author = {Focosi, D and Sullivan, DJ and Franchini, M}, title = {Development of antiviral drugs for COVID-19 in 2025: unmet needs and future challenges.}, journal = {Expert review of anti-infective therapy}, volume = {23}, number = {6}, pages = {351-358}, doi = {10.1080/14787210.2025.2473044}, pmid = {40007187}, issn = {1744-8336}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Drug Development/trends ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Immunization, Passive/methods ; Immunocompromised Host ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The success in the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic containment largely originated from vaccine- and infection-elicited immunity, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection only marginally mitigated by the availability of antiviral drugs. The current lack of effective antiviral prophylactic and therapeutic agents in immunocompromised patients highlights the need for a radical change in the design of both drug manufacturing and clinical trials.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: In this review, the authors summarize their suggestions for manufacturers, by reviewing classes of small molecule antivirals and passive immunotherapies and highlighting their limitations and unexploited potential.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: Molecular and serological testing of patients can improve appropriateness. Efficacy of antivirals can be improved by combining different therapeutic classes while preserving economical sustainability. Respiratory delivery should be better investigated in clinical trials.}, }
@article {pmid39960599, year = {2025}, author = {Nakazawa, E and Uchimura, T and Ohyama, R and Togashi, H and Inaba, A and Shiga, K and Ito, S}, title = {Two adolescents with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome newly diagnosed after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: case report and literature review.}, journal = {CEN case reports}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {461-467}, pmid = {39960599}, issn = {2192-4449}, mesh = {Humans ; *Nephrotic Syndrome/etiology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Adolescent ; Recurrence ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Prednisolone/therapeutic use ; Female ; BNT162 Vaccine/adverse effects ; Cyclosporine/therapeutic use ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; Rituximab/therapeutic use ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {Even though several cases of new-onset nephrotic syndrome following vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been reported, none have included the medium- to long-term prognosis of the patients. Here, we report the prognoses of two adolescents, aged 14 and 15 years, who developed nephrotic syndrome soon after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Both patients were diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome after developing edema within a few days post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Although they achieved rapid and complete remission with prednisolone therapy, they developed frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome and were initiated on cyclosporine. In one patient, frequent relapses occurred while taking cyclosporine, requiring rituximab to maintain remission. Measurements of antibody titers against the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine taken over time revealed significantly lower titers in both patients compared with those in healthy individuals. Furthermore, each patient was infected with SARS-CoV-2 about 12 months post vaccination, with mild symptoms. Nephrotic syndrome did not recur in either patient. We also reviewed 49 published cases of patients who developed nephrotic syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, compared to our pediatric cases, there are no cases of recurrence with the same frequency in adult cases, and it is desirable to accumulate and compare more pediatric cases in the future.}, }
@article {pmid38967074, year = {2025}, author = {Mohammadi, R and Forouzanfar, H and Rahimi, H and Mohamadi-Zarch, SM and Jamhiri, K and Bagheri, SM}, title = {Antiviral Effect of Ferula Plants and their Potential for Treatment of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review.}, journal = {Current pharmaceutical biotechnology}, volume = {26}, number = {8}, pages = {1221-1231}, pmid = {38967074}, issn = {1873-4316}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology/isolation &amp; purification ; COVID-19 ; *Ferula/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Plant Extracts/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Pandemics ; *Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; *Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Animals ; Betacoronavirus/drug effects ; }, abstract = {Viral diseases have always been a threat to mankind throughout history, and many people have lost their lives due to the epidemic of these diseases. In recent years, despite the progress of science, we are still witnessing a pandemic of dangerous diseases such as COVID-19 all over the world, which can be a warning for humanity. Ferula is a genus of flowering plants commonly found in Central Asia, and its species have shown antiviral activity against a variety of viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus, Herpes simplex virus type 1, influenza, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, and coronaviruses. In this study, we intend to review the antiviral effects of Ferula plants, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of these plants in the treatment of COVID-19. Google, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched to review the relevant literature on the antiviral effect of Ferula or its isolated compounds. The search was performed using the keywords Ferula, antiviral, Coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, Herpes simplex virus type 1, influenza, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis B. According to the reviewed articles and available scientific evidence, it was determined that the plants of this genus have strong antiviral effects. Also, clinical studies have shown that some species, such as Ferula assa-foetida, can be used effectively in the treatment of COVID-19. Ferula plants have inhibitory effects on various viruses, making them an attractive alternative to conventional antiviral agents. Therefore, these plants are a natural source of valuable compounds that can help us fight infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40434925, year = {2025}, author = {Cheuiche, AV and Teixeira, MG and Moro, C and Guimarães, G and Salvador, L and Czepielewski, MA and de, LCP and Silveiro, SP}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of central precocious puberty: A PRISMA-ScR-COMPLIANT scoping review.}, journal = {Archives of endocrinology and metabolism}, volume = {69}, number = {2}, pages = {e240300}, pmid = {40434925}, issn = {2359-4292}, mesh = {Humans ; *Puberty, Precocious/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Male ; Female ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Puberty is a biological maturation process that involves genetic, nutritional, environmental, ethnic, and lifestyle factors. During the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an increase in referrals for central precocious puberty (CPP) assessment was observed in clinical practice. The aim of this review was to evaluate the incidence of CPP in different countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A PRISMA-ScR-compliant scoping review was performed in the MEDLINE and Embase databases using "puberty" and "COVID-19" as search terms. Exclusion criteria were an identifiable organic cause of CPP, genetic disorders or peripheral precocious puberty. The study was registered in OSF. A total of 26 studies with participants from 11 countries were included. Twenty-five studies found a 1.3- to 5-fold increase in the incidence of CPP in girls. In boys, 4 studies found no significant difference in the number of cases, 3 studies found a 2.8- to 3.4-fold increase, and 1 study detected a 75% decrease. Twelve studies reported an increase in the use of electronic devices, sedentary lifestyles, higher Z-scores for weight and body mass index, increased sleep disturbances, and a lower age at the onset of puberty. Seven studies found no significant differences in clinical and laboratory parameters between the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. There was an increase in the incidence of precocious puberty among girls during the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding was not consistently observed in boys. Increased screen time, reduced physical activity, psychological stress, changes in diet and sleep habits, and the direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 may have caused these results.}, }
@article {pmid40434505, year = {2025}, author = {Gupta, MK and Srivastava, R}, title = {Gut Microbiome Interventions: From Dysbiosis to Next-Generation Probiotics (NGPs) for Disease Management.}, journal = {Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40434505}, issn = {1867-1314}, abstract = {The gut microbiome, sometimes referred to as the "second brain," the "lost organ," the "identification card of the individual," and the "fingerprint of the host," possesses diverse traits and functions that influence health. The impact of gut commensal bacteria on health, as opposed to environmental pathogenic factors, has generated increasing interest in recent years, culminating in a substantial body of study. Research indicates that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is commonly observed in chronic inflammatory diseases, including colitis, obesity/metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, liver infections, allergic conditions, cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19, cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics has recently refined the theory of complementary and synergistic synbiotics. In recent years, the field of microbiome research has been significantly advanced by technological developments such as massive culturomics, gnotobiotics, metabolomics, parallel DNA sequencing, and RNA sequencing. This review article examined the potential next generation probiotics (NGPs) and explored some of them, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Akkermansia muciniphila, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Bacteroides fragilis, Eubacterium hallii, Roseburia intestinalis, Christensenella minuta, Prevotella copri, and Oscillospira guilliermondii. In addition to these useful probiotic strains, psychobiotics, members of the families of Lactobacilli, Streptococci, Bifidobacteria, Escherichia, and Enterococci, have extended applicability in the use for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The article also reviewed current trends and limitations in NGPs to enhance our comprehensive understanding of key concepts associated with the consumption of probiotics and proposed necessary initiatives for researchers to engage in collaborative translational research as future therapeutic solutions.}, }
@article {pmid40434501, year = {2025}, author = {Rajkumar, T and Hennessy, A and Makris, A}, title = {Remote Blood Pressure Monitoring in Pregnancies at Risk of Developing Preeclampsia.}, journal = {Current hypertension reports}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, pages = {15}, pmid = {40434501}, issn = {1534-3111}, mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Pre-Eclampsia/diagnosis/physiopathology/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/methods ; *Blood Pressure/physiology ; *Blood Pressure Determination/methods ; Telemedicine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review examines the literature on remote blood pressure monitoring (RBPM) for pregnant women at high risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity. High risk women often require frequent outpatient review for blood pressure monitoring which can be resource-intensive. RBPM is an organised framework which allows patients to monitor their own blood pressure with clinician guidance, improving healthcare utilisation and potentially saving healthcare costs without worsening maternal and fetal outcomes. Following the COVID-19 pandemic and the growing research interest in mobile health, RBPM has been integrated into international guidelines for managing high-risk pregnancies. Yet there is significant heterogeneity across RBPM frameworks described in the literature, and a lack of clear guidance on the development and implementation of this strategy. RBPM offers promising additional surveillance for high-risk pregnant women. However, challenges remain in its safe implementation, including patient selection, technology, costs, and adequate training to ensure accuracy in blood pressure readings.}, }
@article {pmid40434418, year = {2025}, author = {Voderholzer, U and Naab, S and Cuntz, U and Schlegl, S}, title = {Anorexia nervosa-an update.}, journal = {Der Nervenarzt}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40434418}, issn = {1433-0407}, abstract = {Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder with the highest mortality rate among eating disorders. It predominantly affects adolescents and young adults, with a significant increase in prevalence among adolescents observed since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is frequently associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders as well as numerous physical complications. An early diagnosis and treatment are associated with better outcomes. The treatment of choice for AN includes cognitive behavioral therapy and family-based therapy for children and adolescents. Innovative treatment approaches, such as home treatment and technology-based interventions, have shown promising preliminary results. With the exception of moderate evidence supporting the use of olanzapine regarding weight gain, there is currently no evidence for the efficacy of psychopharmacotherapy in AN. Future research should focus on prevention, early detection and intervention, relapse prevention, personalized treatment approaches, management of comorbid disorders, long-term studies and the influence of psychosocial factors.}, }
@article {pmid40433624, year = {2025}, author = {Njiriri, F and Nyanchoka, M and Nzinga, J and Tsofa, B}, title = {Experiences with the Implementation of Cuban Health Cooperation Programs in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Wellcome open research}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {167}, pmid = {40433624}, issn = {2398-502X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health systems in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) face chronic Human Resources for Health (HRH) shortages. This is especially worse in rural and primary healthcare settings. The Cuban government since 1960s has been implementing a policy strategy for producing healthcare workers for export, to boost their economy. Several LMICs have since established health cooperation programs with Cuba to import health workers to address their shortages. This review aimed to examine the emergence, design, utility, outcomes, and lessons learned from the implementation of these programs.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and searched for literature across four databases. Two independent reviewers screened the articles and selected relevant articles based on pre-defined criteria. We extracted data and synthesized findings using thematic analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: We included 71 articles after screening 3509 articles. Cuban health cooperation programs have been implemented in many LMICs in South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific region. These programs are formalized primarily through bilateral agreements and implemented as exchange initiatives. This involves importing Cuban healthcare workers and sending collaborating country students to study in Cuba. These programs aimed to address HRH shortages and maldistribution, inadequate training capacity, and respond to medical emergencies in the host countries. Cuban healthcare workers, primarily family physicians, within the host countries; are deployed in primary healthcare settings, increasing the rural health workforce, and improving healthcare access and outcomes. These programs have faced several challenges including opposition from local medical professionals, underutilization due to poorly coordinated recruitment, and language barrier.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Cuban health cooperations in LMICs have shown diverse results based on their structures. Long-term comprehensive programs have proven to be more successful in boosting the healthcare workforce and enhancing health outcomes. Key factors for optimizing HRH health cooperation include effective collaborative decision-making and need-based deployment.}, }
@article {pmid40433610, year = {2025}, author = {Yang, X and Zhu, W}, title = {Effects of coronavirus disease 2019 on the incidence, mortality, and prognosis of ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in neurology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1486887}, pmid = {40433610}, issn = {1664-2295}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the incidence, mortality, and prognosis of ischemic stroke. The systematic review also ascertained the relationship between COVID-19 and the Trial of Org 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) typing of ischemic stroke, as well as the risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: The relevant literature between COVID-19 and ischemic stroke incidence, mortality, and prognosis up to January 2024 were systematically reviewed. Searches were carried out PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Utilizing the Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) declaration list, a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-one studies encompassed 505,864 participants across 13 countries. In total, 1.1% of patients with COVID-19 infection had an ischemic stroke (odds ratio [OR], 0.011; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.007-0.017; p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001). COVID-19 was related to in-hospital mortality (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.90-4.02; p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001), mortality 3&#x202f;months following the beginning of an ischemic stroke (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.80-3.58; p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001), and modified Rankin scale (mRS) score &#x2264;2 at hospital discharge (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.54-0.72; p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001). mRS&#x202f;&#x2264;&#x202f;2 at 3&#x202f;months after the onset of ischemic stroke did not show any correlation significantly with COVID-19 (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.43-1.06; p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.086). Longer hospital stays (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.06-0.20; p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001) and increased incidence of large-artery atherosclerosis and small-vessel disease phenotypes of ischemic stroke were observed in patients with both COVID-19 and ischemic stroke (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05). In patients with COVID-19, ischemic stroke was substantially linked with hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is linked with increased incidence and mortality rates for ischemic stroke, as well as a worsening prognosis for the condition. With the data obtained from this study, targeted strategies to prevent and treat ischemic stroke in the context of the COVID-19 can be developed.<br><br>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024524016, identifier: CRD42024524016.}, }
@article {pmid40433474, year = {2025}, author = {Mousavi, T and Moosazadeh, M}, title = {Vitamin D status in children with mild, moderate, or severe confirmed COVID-19: systematic-review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1436633}, pmid = {40433474}, issn = {2296-2360}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vitamin D acts as a pro-hormone with a wide range of beneficial effects. It is reported that vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for COVID-19 severity in children. In the present study, we decided to assess 25 hydroxy (OH) vitamin D status in children with mild, moderate, or severe confirmed COVID-19 and also compare them with those of a healthy control group using existing data.<br><br>METHODS: Relevant studies were extracted using online international databases including Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar search engine between Jan 2019 and 2024. The quality of all papers is determined by the NOS checklist. Heterogeneity between the results of primary studies was evaluated with the I-square index. Egger's test, funnel plot, and sensitivity analysis were applied. The statistical analysis was done using Stata version 17.<br><br>RESULTS: In 12 documents, the status of vitamin D was examined between case and control groups. By combining the results of these studies using random effect model, the standardized mean difference (SMD) vitamin D level in the COVID-19 children compared to the control group was estimated to be -0.88 (98% CI: -1.24, -0.51), which was statistically significant. In the present study, the odd ratio of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D disorder (insufficiency and deficiency) in children with moderate COVID-19 compared to asymptomatic children with COVID-19 were estimated to be 3.58 (1.10, 11.63) and 2.52 (0.99, 6.41) respectively which was higher than in asymptomatic children with COVID-19. In addition, vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D disorder in children with moderate COVID-19 compared to the children with mild COVID-19 were estimated to be 2.12 (0.90, 4.98) and 1.82 (0.78, 4.22) respectively, which was higher than in children with mild COVID-19. Also, vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D disorder in children with mild COVID-19 compared to asymptomatic children with COVID-19 were estimated to be 2.02 (0.60, 6.78) and 1.64 (0.53, 5.07) respectively, which was higher than in asymptomatic children.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Combining the results of these studies, the effect size of the relationship between vitamin D and COVID-19 in children is significant. During the COVID-19 pandemic (except for the Omicron peak), children were less affected by the severity of COVID-19. The standardized mean difference (SMD) vitamin D level in children with COVID-19 was significantly 0.88 units lower than the control group. Also, the odds ratio of moderate COVID-19 in children with vitamin D deficiency was significantly 3.58 times higher than in asymptomatic children with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40433383, year = {2025}, author = {Xing, J and Zhao, X and Li, X and Fang, R and Sun, M and Zhang, Y and Song, N}, title = {The recent advances in vaccine adjuvants.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1557415}, pmid = {40433383}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *Adjuvants, Vaccine/pharmacology ; *Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Animals ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; *Vaccines/immunology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; }, abstract = {Vaccine adjuvants, as key components in enhancing vaccine immunogenicity, play a vital role in modern vaccinology. This review systematically examines the historical evolution and mechanisms of vaccine adjuvants, with particular emphasis on innovative advancements in aluminum-based adjuvants, emulsion-based adjuvants, and nucleic acid adjuvants (e.g., CpG oligonucleotides). Specifically, aluminum adjuvants enhance immune responses through particle formation/antigen adsorption, inflammatory cascade activation, and T-cell stimulation. Emulsion adjuvants amplify immunogenicity via antigen depot effects and localized inflammation, while nucleic acid adjuvants like CpG oligonucleotides directly activate B cells and dendritic cells to promote Th1-type immune responses and memory T-cell generation. The article further explores the prospective applications of these novel adjuvants in combating emerging pathogens (including influenza and SARS-CoV-2), particularly highlighting their significance in improving vaccine potency and durability. Moreover, this review underscores the critical importance of adjuvant development in next-generation vaccine design and provides theoretical foundations for creating safer, effective adjuvant.}, }
@article {pmid40432602, year = {2025}, author = {Mikkelsen, K and Zaccagnini, M and Brunton, G and Hosseini, A and Tan, MC and Nonoyama, ML}, title = {Characteristics of Rapidly Manufactured Ventilators: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Respiratory care}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1089/respcare.12549}, pmid = {40432602}, issn = {1943-3654}, abstract = {Many health care systems worldwide were ill-prepared for the mass-casualty surge caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mechanical ventilator shortages prompted the production of rapidly manufactured ventilators (RMVs). However, without standards to develop them, the effectiveness and safety of RMVs remain uncertain. The purpose of this study was to map the breadth and depth of the literature on RMVs and provide suggestions for effective and safe designs. A scoping review, following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, was completed. A search of 9 electronic databases and Google Scholar was completed in April 2022 and updated in 2024. Dual screening and data extraction were conducted using predefined criteria based on 6 previously published RMV guidance documents. Results were collated into descriptive summaries and tables and used to develop the suggested standards. There were 66 RMVs described within 66 articles. The majority (60, 91%) of articles were published post-COVID-19 (2020), with 24 (36%) from the United States. Four designs were identified: 18 (27%) electro-pneumatic (E-P), 27 (41%) automatic compression of manual resuscitator (MR), 6 (9%) automatic compression of MR with E-P components (E-P and MR), and 15 (23%) "other." The E-P designs mimicked conventional ventilators and MR designs incorporated an MR with a motor and arm. Four RMV characteristic categories emerged from the data: operating features, performance features, other features outside routine use, and engineering features. There was significant variability in the RMV designs. Eleven suggestions regarding RMV design, performance, and testing were developed. This study provides preliminary information to inform the standardization of RMV designs to guide future manufacturing for effective and safe use. Although pandemic urgency has waned, RMV utility may extend to future mass-casualty scenarios (eg, natural disasters, wars) and in low- and middle-income countries, which often lack sufficient resources even under normal conditions.}, }
@article {pmid40432133, year = {2025}, author = {Tang, J and Amin, MA and Campian, JL}, title = {Past, Present, and Future of Viral Vector Vaccine Platforms: A Comprehensive Review.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40432133}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Over the past several decades, viral vector-based vaccines have emerged as some of the most versatile and potent platforms in modern vaccinology. Their capacity to deliver genetic material encoding target antigens directly into host cells enables strong cellular and humoral immune responses, often superior to what traditional inactivated or subunit vaccines can achieve. This has accelerated their application to a wide array of pathogens and disease targets, from well-established threats like HIV and malaria to emerging infections such as Ebola, Zika, and SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic further highlighted the agility of viral vector platforms, with several adenovirus-based vaccines quickly authorized and deployed on a global scale. Despite these advances, significant challenges remain. One major hurdle is pre-existing immunity against commonly used vector backbones, which can blunt vaccine immunogenicity. Rare but serious adverse events, including vector-associated inflammatory responses and conditions like vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), have raised important safety considerations. Additionally, scaling up manufacturing, ensuring consistency in large-scale production, meeting rigorous regulatory standards, and maintaining equitable global access to these vaccines present profound logistical and ethical dilemmas. In response to these challenges, the field is evolving rapidly. Sophisticated engineering strategies, such as integrase-defective lentiviral vectors, insect-specific flaviviruses, chimeric capsids to evade neutralizing antibodies, and plug-and-play self-amplifying RNA approaches, seek to bolster safety, enhance immunogenicity, circumvent pre-existing immunity, and streamline production. Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and prior outbreaks are guiding the development of platform-based approaches designed for rapid deployment during future public health emergencies. This review provides an exhaustive, in-depth examination of the historical evolution, immunobiological principles, current platforms, manufacturing complexities, regulatory frameworks, known safety issues, and future directions for viral vector-based vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid40432119, year = {2025}, author = {Iwu-Jaja, C and Ndwandwe, D and Malinga, T and Mathebula, L and Mazingisa, A and Wiysonge, CS}, title = {Vaccine Research Trends in Africa from 2016 to Mid-2024: A Bibliometric Analysis.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40432119}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vaccine research publications play a crucial role in the scientific process by strategically linking the generation of knowledge with its translation into vaccine policy and practice. This study was designed to understand vaccine and immunization research publication trends in Africa to inform strategic directions for vaccine research and innovation efforts in the continent.<br><br>METHODS: We searched PubMed only for vaccine and immunization-related publications from Africa between 1 January 2016 and 8 August 2024. Metrics such as annual growth rates, geographical distribution, international collaboration, and trend topics were analyzed. We conducted separate analyses for general vaccine research, vaccine clinical trials, and vaccine evidence syntheses (systematic reviews and meta-analyses).<br><br>RESULTS: Vaccine research in Africa demonstrated an annual growth rate of 55.4% (based on the 10,000 records retrieved due to PubMed's export limit), while vaccine trials saw a decline of 6.08% during the study period. The trend topics analysis across vaccine research, trials, and reviews showed that topics shifted from a focus on general vaccine development, immunization, and malaria pre-2020 to COVID-19-related topics in 2020, with post-2020 research returning to traditional topics like immunization schedules, vaccine safety, and pediatric and maternal vaccines. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on vaccine research, leading to a surge in publications for vaccine research, trials, and reviews. About 65.8% of vaccine research featured international co-authorship. Vaccine trials had a higher rate of international co-authorship at 79.8%.<br><br>CONCLUSION: While vaccine research in general in Africa has increased, vaccine trials do not match this increase. The number of clinical trials remained relatively stagnant, reflecting ongoing challenges in the vaccine research ecosystem, particularly in building and sustaining clinical trial capacity across the region. In addition, disparities in research productivity exist between countries. Research prioritization, strategic collaborations, capacity building for research, and improved research infrastructure require critical consideration.}, }
@article {pmid40432106, year = {2025}, author = {Sayedahmed, EE and Gairola, V and Murala, MST and Mittal, SK}, title = {Bovine Adenoviral Vector-Based Platform for Vaccine Development.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40432106}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {AI059374/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; AI158177/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; Hatch#1014146//USDA/ ; }, abstract = {Adenoviral (AdV) vector-based vaccines employing the human AdV (HAdV) and chimpanzee AdV (ChAdV) vector platforms played a crucial role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the widespread use of these platforms, the prevalence of various HAdV types, and the resulting preexisting immunity have significantly impacted the vaccines utilizing these vector platforms. Considering these challenges, the bovine AdV type 3 (BAdV-3) vector system has emerged as a versatile and innovative platform for developing next-generation vaccines against infectious diseases. Inherent attributes like a high transduction efficiency, large transgene insertion capacity, broad tissue tropism, and robust induction of innate immunity add significant value to the BAdV vector platform for vaccine design. BAdV-3 vectors effectively elude HAdV-specific preexisting humoral and cellular immune responses. Additionally, BAdV-3 is low in pathogenicity for its host and is anticipated to be safe as a vaccine platform. This systematic review provides an overview of the development of BAdV-3 as a vaccine delivery platform and its application in designing vaccines for infectious agents of human and veterinary importance.}, }
@article {pmid40378861, year = {2025}, author = {Amstutz, A and Schandelmaier, S and Ewald, H and Speich, B and Schwenke, JM and Schönenberger, CM and Schobinger, S and Agoritsas, T and Tomashek, KM and Nayak, S and Makowski, M and Morales-Ortega, A and Bernal-Bello, D and Pomponio, G and Ferrarini, A and Ghazaeian, M and Hall, F and Bond, S and García-Morales, MT and Jiménez-González, M and Arribas, JR and Guimaraães, PO and Tavares, CAM and Berwanger, O and Yazdanpanah, Y and Simensen, VC and Lacombe, K and Hites, M and Ader, F and Tacconelli, E and Mentré, F and Belhadi, D and Massonnaud, CR and Laouénan, C and Diallo, A and Baldé, A and Assoumou, L and Costagliola, D and Ponzi, E and Rueegg, CS and Olsen, IC and Trøseid, M and Briel, M}, title = {Effects of Janus kinase inhibitors in adults admitted to hospital due to COVID-19: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.}, journal = {The Lancet. Respiratory medicine}, volume = {13}, number = {6}, pages = {530-544}, doi = {10.1016/S2213-2600(25)00055-4}, pmid = {40378861}, issn = {2213-2619}, mesh = {Humans ; *Janus Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19/mortality ; Hospitalization ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pyrimidines/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Purines/therapeutic use ; Sulfonamides/therapeutic use ; Nitriles ; Azetidines/therapeutic use ; Piperidines/therapeutic use ; Pyrazoles/therapeutic use ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evidence from randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors-compared with usual care or placebo-in adults treated in hospital for COVID-19 is conflicting. We aimed to evaluate the benefits and harms of JAK inhibitors compared with placebo or usual care and whether treatment effects differed between prespecified participant subgroups.<br><br>METHODS: For this systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA), we searched Medline via Ovid, Embase via Elsevier, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, and the COVID-19 L&#xb7;OVE Platform, including backward and forward citation searching (last search Nov 28, 2024), for RCTs (unpublished or published in any format and any language) that randomly assigned adults (aged &#x2265;16 years) admitted to a hospital due to COVID-19 to receive either a JAK inhibitor (any type) or no JAK inhibitor (ie, received site-specific standard of care with or without placebo), and requested individual participant data (IPD) from the original trial teams. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at day 28 after random assignment. We used two-stage meta-analyses adjusting for age and respiratory support, and pooled estimates using random-effects models. The assessment of individual-level effect modifiers was based solely on within-trial information and continuous modifiers were investigated as both linear and non-linear interactions. We used the Instrument for Assessing the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses to appraise the subgroup analyses and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to adjudicate the certainty of evidence. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events and serious adverse events by day 28, and adverse events of special interest within 28 days, were assessed among secondary outcomes. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023431817).<br><br>FINDINGS: We identified 16 eligible trials. IPD were obtained from 12 trials, corresponding to 12 902 adults admitted to hospital between May, 2020, and March, 2022. These trials represented 12 902 [96&#xb7;1%] of 13 423 participants from all eligible trials worldwide. Seven trials evaluated baricitinib, three evaluated tofacitinib, and two evaluated ruxolitinib. Overall, 755 (11&#xb7;7%) of 6465 participants in the JAK inhibitor group died by day 28 compared with 805 (13&#xb7;2%) of 6108 participants in the no JAK inhibitor group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0&#xb7;67 [95% CI 0&#xb7;55-0&#xb7;82]; high-certainty evidence; 39 fewer per 1000 [95% CI 55 fewer to 21 fewer]). JAK inhibitors decreased the need for new mechanical ventilation or other respiratory support and allowed for faster discharge from hospital by about 1 day. We observed fewer grade 3 and 4 adverse events and serious adverse events in the JAK inhibitor group (14 fewer per 1000 [95% CI 24 fewer to 4 fewer]; moderate-certainty evidence). The rates of adverse events of special interest were similar across both groups. No credible subgroup effect on mortality at day 28 was found for ventilation status, type of JAK inhibitor, presence of comorbidities, timing of treatment initiation after symptom onset, C-reactive protein concentration, or concomitant use of dexamethasone or tocilizumab. We found a moderately credible effect modification by age, with younger participants showing larger relative treatment effects than older participants, but similar absolute treatment effects due to higher baseline risk for older participants.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: This IPDMA of RCTs in adults admitted to hospital due to COVID-19 found that JAK inhibitors reduced mortality across all levels of respiratory support, independent of dexamethasone or tocilizumab, and probably decreased serious and severe adverse events compared with no JAK inhibitors.<br><br>FUNDING: This project has received funding from the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 101015736.}, }
@article {pmid40037637, year = {2025}, author = {Ashcroft, T and McSwiggan, E and Agyei-Manu, E and Nundy, M and Atkins, N and Kirkwood, JR and Ben Salem Machiri, M and Vardhan, V and Lee, B and Kubat, E and Ravishankar, S and Krishan, P and De Silva, U and Iyahen, EO and Rostron, J and Zawiejska, A and Ogarrio, K and Harikar, M and Chishty, S and Mureyi, D and Evans, B and Duval, D and Carville, S and Brini, S and Hill, J and Qureshi, M and Simmons, Z and Lyell, I and Kavoi, T and Dozier, M and Curry, G and Ordóñez-Mena, JM and de Lusignan, S and Sheikh, A and Theodoratou, E and McQuillan, R}, title = {Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions as implemented in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review.}, journal = {Journal of public health (Oxford, England)}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {268-302}, doi = {10.1093/pubmed/fdaf017}, pmid = {40037637}, issn = {1741-3850}, support = {//United Kingdom Health Security Agency/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Public Health ; *Communicable Disease Control/methods ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although non-pharmaceutical inventions (NPIs) were used globally to control the spread of COVID-19, their effectiveness remains uncertain. We aimed to assess the evidence on NPIs as implemented in the UK, to allow public health bodies to prepare for future pandemics.<br><br>METHODS: We used rapid systematic methods (search date: January 2024) to identify, critically appraise and synthesize interventional, observational and modelling studies reporting on NPI effectiveness in the UK.<br><br>RESULTS: Eighty-five modelling, nine observational and three interventional studies were included. Modelling studies had multiple quality issues; six of the 12 non-modelling studies were high quality. The best available evidence was for test and release strategies for case contacts (moderate certainty), which was suggestive of a protective effect. Although evidence for school-related NPIs and universal lockdown was also suggestive of a protective effect, this evidence was considered low certainty. Evidence certainty for the remaining NPIs was very low or inconclusive.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The validity and reliability of evidence on the effectiveness of NPIs as implemented in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic is weak. To improve evidence generation and support decision-making during future pandemics or other public health emergencies, it is essential to build evaluation into the design of public health interventions.}, }
@article {pmid36573058, year = {2024}, author = {Ramachandran, AK and Das, S and Shenoy, GG and Mudgal, J and Joseph, A}, title = {Relation between Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's Disease and SARS-CoV-2 and their Treatment Strategy: A Review.}, journal = {CNS &amp; neurological disorders drug targets}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {9-20}, doi = {10.2174/1871527322666221226145141}, pmid = {36573058}, issn = {1996-3181}, support = {MC_PC_17228/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Alzheimer Disease/genetics/metabolism ; *COVID-19/genetics/epidemiology/metabolism/complications ; *Apolipoproteins E/genetics/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Apolipoprotein E4/genetics ; }, abstract = {COVID-19, which primarily affects the pulmonary system, turned out to be a global pandemic, whereas the effects on other systems are still unknown. SARS-CoV-2, binds to angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in the lungs, causing pneumonia-like symptoms. The same ACE receptors are also present in organs other than the lungs. Therefore, there is a need to study the impact of coronavirus on other human body organs. Recently, UK Biobank reports on the genetic risk factor of the virus attack. A double mutation in the apolipoprotein E (APOE4) allele has shown a significant role in COVID-19. The same APOE4 mutation has already been proven to hold a key role in developing early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). Despite this data, Alzheimer's disease is believed to be a comorbidity of COVID-19. Previous virus attacks on the same viral family, Coronaviridae, produced neurological effects like neurodegeneration, neuronal inflammation, and other central nervous system-related dysfunctions. Since the long-term implications of COVID-19 are unknown, more research into the impact of the virus on the central nervous system is needed. Both COVID-19 and AD share a common genetic factor, so that AD patients may have a greater risk of SARS-CoV-2. Here, in this review, we have briefly discussed the role of APOE4 in the pathogenesis of AD and SARS-CoV-2, along with their treatment strategy, current scenario, and possible future directions.}, }
@article {pmid40432093, year = {2025}, author = {Lino, MM and Mather, S and Trani, M and Chen, Y and Caubel, P and De Bernardi, B}, title = {Challenges and Innovations in Pharmacovigilance and Signal Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Industry Perspective.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40432093}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Vaccine marketing authorization holders (MAHs) are responsible for the conduction of global vaccine pharmacovigilance on their vaccine products. A safety signal is detected when a new adverse event (AE) or aspect of an AE occurs after exposure to the vaccine and warrants further investigation to determine whether a causal association may exist. Signal detection and evaluation (signal management) begins at the start of vaccine development, before an MAH submits an application for authorization to regulatory authorities, continues through the course of all clinical trials, and carries on beyond development into the post-marketing phase. As long as the vaccine remains authorized anywhere in the world, pharmacovigilance continues. During the time that the COVID-19 vaccine became widely available after authorization and approval, clinical trials were also ongoing, and therefore all clinical development and post-authorization safety information was closely monitored for safety by the MAH. MAH pharmacovigilance activities were adapted to manage the unprecedented volume of safety information that became available within a very short timeframe following worldwide vaccination campaigns. No vaccine had previously been administered to such a large number of individuals in such a short time, nor had there previously been a public health vaccine experience that was the subject of so many medical and non-medical writings. The MAH's COVID-19 vaccine signal detection methods included the continuous review of accruing clinical trial data and the quantitative and qualitative analyses of spontaneously reported experiences. Review of published and unpublished medical literature and epidemiology-based analyses such as observed vs. expected analysis based on reported adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) played key roles in pharmacovigilance and signal management. All methods of signal detection and evaluation have caveats, but when considered in totality, can advance our understanding of a vaccine's safety profile and therefore the risk-benefit considerations for vaccinating both individuals and large populations of people. All COVID-19 vaccines authorized for use were subject to an unprecedented level of pharmacovigilance by their individual MAHs, national regulatory authorities, public health organizations, and others during the years immediately following regulatory authorization and full approval. The intense worldwide focus on pharmacovigilance and the need for MAHs and regulatory/health authorities to quickly evaluate incoming safety information, spurred frequent and timely communications between national and regional health authorities and between MAHs and regulatory/health authorities, spotlighting a unique opportunity for individuals committed to patient safety to share important accruing safety information in a collegial and less traditionally formal manner than usual. The global pandemic precipitated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus created a significant impetus for MAHs to develop innovative vaccines to change the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacovigilance also had to meet unprecedented needs. In this article, unique aspects of COVID-19 vaccine pharmacovigilance encountered by one MAH will be summarized.}, }
@article {pmid40432085, year = {2025}, author = {Skerritt, JH}, title = {Considerations for mRNA Product Development, Regulation and Deployment Across the Lifecycle.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40432085}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {With the successful deployment of several mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, an mRNA vaccine against RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) and a large pipeline of mRNA products against other infectious diseases, cancers and rare diseases, it is important to examine the whole product lifecycle. mRNA technology enables product design, testing and manufacturing systems to be rapidly developed, but these advantages can be lost if other factors that determine public access are not closely considered. This review analyzes key aspects of the mRNA product lifecycle including candidate design, manufacturing, quality systems and product safety and storage. Regulatory thinking is well advanced in some countries but not others, but more thought on the regulation of mRNA vaccines outside of a pandemic situation as well as mRNA therapeutics including individual neoantigen therapies and rare disease treatments is needed. Consumer acceptance-the "social license to operate" around mRNA products-is critical for their uptake, particularly outside of a pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40432077, year = {2025}, author = {Franchini, M and Maggi, F and Focosi, D}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Hematological Malignances.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40432077}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {Programme CCM 2020 Ricerca Corrente-Linea 1 on emerging and re-emerging infections//italian ministry of health/ ; }, abstract = {Patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) represent a population particularly vulnerable to infections due to their cancer-related immune deficiency and the immunosuppressive treatment they are administered. Accordingly, a high hospitalization and mortality rate has been consistently reported in such a frail population during the first COVID-19 pandemic waves. After a brief description of the clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with blood cancers, this narrative review is focused on the protective effect of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with HM. All in all, the results from the literature analysis indicate that booster shots in fully vaccinated HM patients are significantly able to increase seroconversion rates, which represent the best surrogate of vaccine efficacy. Despite these encouraging data, concerns still remain regarding the lower immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines, even to booster doses, in severely immunosuppressed HM patients, such as those receiving anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapies and hematopoietic stem cell transplants.}, }
@article {pmid40432073, year = {2025}, author = {Min Htike, WY and Zhang, M and Wu, Z and Zhou, X and Lyu, S and Kam, YW}, title = {Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy in College Students Post COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review Using COVID-19 as a Case Study.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40432073}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {00AKUG0130//Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University/ ; }, abstract = {Background: Resistance to vaccinations continues to pose a considerable challenge to attaining widespread vaccination, especially among the college student demographic, who are pivotal in championing public health initiatives. This systematic review investigates the elements that influence reluctance to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among university students globally. Utilizing the WHO's 3C model, which encompasses confidence, complacency, and convenience, this review seeks to pinpoint the main factors and suggest focused strategies to address them. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Global Health. Eligible studies were cross-sectional, peer-reviewed, and examined COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among college students. Covidence was used for screening, and data were synthesized narratively using the 3C model. Results: Sixty-seven studies (n = 88,345 participants) from 25 countries were included in this study. Confidence factors were the most influential, with fear of side effects (87.18%) and doubts about efficacy (72.4%) as primary concerns. Complacency factors included a low perceived risk of infection (34.9%) and a preference for alternative preventive measures (52.3%). Convenience barriers involved financial costs (58.1%) and difficulty accessing vaccination centers (40.3%). Subgroup analyses revealed variations by academic discipline and geographic region, with medical students showing hesitancy despite their health knowledge. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among college students is primarily driven by safety concerns, misinformation, and accessibility barriers. Addressing hesitancy requires transparent risk communication, policy-driven accessibility improvements, and tailored educational interventions. These findings can inform strategies to enhance vaccine uptake among young adults and contribute to broader efforts in pandemic preparedness.}, }
@article {pmid40432062, year = {2025}, author = {Santilli, V and Sgrulletti, M and Costagliola, G and Beni, A and Mastrototaro, MF and Montin, D and Rizzo, C and Martire, B and Miraglia Del Giudice, M and Moschese, V and , }, title = {Maternal Immunization: Current Evidence, Progress, and Challenges.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40432062}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Maternal immunization is a key strategy for protecting pregnant individuals and newborns from infectious diseases. This review examines the mechanisms and benefits of maternal immunization, with a focus on transplacental IgG transfer and immune system interactions. We provide an overview of current recommendations and the safety and efficacy profiles of maternal vaccines, including influenza, tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), COVID-19, and hepatitis B. Additionally, we analyze the barriers to maternal immunization, such as misinformation, vaccine hesitancy, and disparities in healthcare access, while exploring potential strategies to overcome these challenges through targeted educational initiatives, improved provider communication, and policy-driven interventions aimed at increasing vaccine confidence and accessibility. Finally, this review highlights recent innovations and future directions in maternal immunization, including emerging vaccines for Group B Streptococcus and cytomegalovirus. Expanding immunization programs and advancing research on maternal-fetal immunity are essential to optimizing vaccination strategies, improving public health outcomes, and reducing the global burden of infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40432048, year = {2025}, author = {Nembot Fogang, BA and Debrah, LB and Owusu, M and Agyei, G and Meyer, J and Gmanyami, JM and Ritter, M and Arndts, K and Adu Mensah, D and Adjobimey, T and Hörauf, A and Debrah, AY}, title = {Helminth Coinfections Modulate Disease Dynamics and Vaccination Success in the Era of Emerging Infectious Diseases.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vaccines13050436}, pmid = {40432048}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {81204851//Federal Ministry of Education and Research/ ; 2021//German West African Center for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (GWAC)/ ; }, abstract = {Background/Objectives: Helminth infections, particularly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, have been extensively studied for their effects on human health. With the emergence of new infectious diseases like SARS-CoV-2 and Ebola, their impact on disease outcomes become more apparent. While individual studies have explored the impact of helminth co-infections on disease severity and vaccine efficacy, the findings are often inconsistent and context-dependent. Furthermore, the long-term effects of helminth-mediated immunosuppression on vaccine efficacy and its broader implications for co-infections in endemic regions remain not fully understood. Methods: This systematic review conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines synthesizes the current evidence, identifies patterns, and highlights areas needing further research, offering a cohesive understanding of the topic. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were searched to include studies published from 2003 to February 2025. Results: Co-infection reveals a dual role of helminths in modulating immune responses, with both beneficial and detrimental interactions reported across studies. It may confer benefits against respiratory viral infections by muting hyper-inflammation associated with the severity of conditions like COVID-19, Influenza, and RSV. However, they can exacerbate disease outcomes in most bacteria and blood-borne viral conditions by impairing immune functions, such as neutrophil recruitment and antibody response, leading to more severe infections and higher viral loads. The stage of helminth infection also appears critical, with early-stage infections sometimes offering protection, while late-stage infections may worsen disease outcomes. Helminth infection can also negatively impact vaccine efficacy by suppressing B cell activity, reducing antibody levels, and decreasing vaccine effectiveness against infectious diseases. This immunosuppressive effect may persist after deworming, complicating efforts to restore vaccine efficacy. Maternal helminth infections also significantly influence neonatal immunity, affecting newborn vaccine responses. Conclusions: There is a need for targeted interventions and further research in helminth-endemic regions to mitigate the adverse effects on vaccine efficacy and improve public health outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40431734, year = {2025}, author = {Kim, DH and Kim, JH and Jeon, MT and Kim, KS and Kim, DG and Choi, IS}, title = {The Role of TDP-43 in SARS-CoV-2-Related Neurodegenerative Changes.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v17050724}, pmid = {40431734}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {25-BR-02-03//Korea Brain Research Institute/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; *COVID-19/complications/metabolism/virology/pathology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; *Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism/virology/pathology/etiology ; Virus Replication ; Animals ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been linked to long-term neurological effects with multifaceted complications of neurodegenerative diseases. Several studies have found that pathological changes in transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) are involved in these cases. This review explores the causal interactions between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and TDP-43 from multiple perspectives. Some viral proteins of SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to induce pathological changes in TDP-43 through its cleavage, aggregation, and mislocalization. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause liquid-liquid phase separation and stress granule formation, which accelerate the condensation of TDP-43, resulting in host RNA metabolism disruption. TDP-43 has been proposed to interact with SARS-CoV-2 RNA, though its role in viral replication remains to be fully elucidated. This interaction potentially facilitates viral replication, while viral-induced oxidative stress and protease activity accelerate TDP-43 pathology. Evidence from both clinical and experimental studies indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection may contribute to long-term neurological sequelae, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like and frontotemporal dementia-like features, as well as increased phosphorylated TDP-43 deposition in the central nervous system. Biomarker studies further support the link between TDP-43 dysregulation and neurological complications of long-term effects of COVID-19 (long COVID). In this review, we presented a novel integrative framework of TDP-43 pathology, bridging a gap between SARS-CoV-2 infection and mechanisms of neurodegeneration. These findings underscore the need for further research to clarify the TDP-43-related neurodegeneration underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection and to develop therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating long-term neurological effects in patients with long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid40431733, year = {2025}, author = {Dinata, R and Baindara, P and Mandal, SM}, title = {Evolution of Antiviral Drug Resistance in SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v17050722}, pmid = {40431733}, issn = {1999-4915}, mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/genetics ; *Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19/virology ; Drug Repositioning ; Mutation ; Evolution, Molecular ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact and continues to alarm the entire world due to the rapid emergence of new variants, even after mass vaccinations. There is still an urgent need for new antivirals or strategies to combat the SARS-CoV-2 infections; however, we have success stories with nirmatrelvir. Drug repurposing and drug discovery may lead to a successful SARS-CoV-2 antiviral; however, rapid drug use may cause unexpected mutations and antiviral drug resistance. Conversely, novel variants of the SARS-CoV-2 can diminish the neutralizing efficacy of vaccines, thereby enhancing viral fitness and increasing the likelihood of drug resistance emergence. Additionally, the disposal of antivirals in wastewater also contributes to drug resistance. Overall, the present review summarizes the strategies and mechanisms involved in the development of drug resistance in SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the mechanism of antiviral resistance is crucial to mitigate the significant healthcare threat and to develop effective therapeutics against drug resistance.}, }
@article {pmid40431702, year = {2025}, author = {Mahdi, M and Kiarie, IW and Mótyán, JA and Hoffka, G and Al-Muffti, AS and Tóth, A and Tőzsér, J}, title = {Receptor Binding for the Entry Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2: Insights from the Original Strain and Emerging Variants.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v17050691}, pmid = {40431702}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {TKP2021-EGA-20//National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; NKFIH K132623//National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; POST-COVID2021-33//National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; NKFIH Advanced Grant 150532//National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; BO/00110/23/5//J&#xe1;nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences/ ; EK&#xd6;P-24-4-I-DE-435//National Research, Development and Innovation Office/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/physiology ; *Virus Internalization ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism/genetics ; *COVID-19/virology/transmission/metabolism ; *Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Mutation ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; }, abstract = {Since its emergence in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has continuously evolved, giving rise to multiple variants that have significantly altered the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic. These variants have resulted in multiple waves of the pandemic, exhibiting characteristic mutations in the spike (S) protein that may have affected receptor interaction, tissue tropism, and cell entry mechanisms. While the virus was shown to primarily utilize the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and host proteases such as transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) for entry into host cells, alterations in the S protein have resulted in changes to receptor binding affinity and use of alternative receptors, potentially expanding the virus's ability to infect different cell types or tissues, contributing to shifts in clinical presentation. These changes have been linked to variations in disease severity, the emergence of new clinical manifestations, and altered transmission dynamics. In this paper, we overview the evolving receptor utilization strategies of SARS-CoV-2, focusing on how mutations in the S protein may have influenced viral entry mechanisms and clinical outcomes across the ongoing pandemic waves.}, }
@article {pmid40431631, year = {2025}, author = {de Melo, BP and da Silva, JAM and Rodrigues, MA and Palmeira, JDF and Amato, AA and Argañaraz, GA and Argañaraz, ER}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Long COVID-Part 2: Understanding the Impact of Spike Protein and Cellular Receptor Interactions on the Pathophysiology of Long COVID Syndrome.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v17050619}, pmid = {40431631}, issn = {1999-4915}, mesh = {*Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism/genetics ; Humans ; *COVID-19/virology/physiopathology/complications/metabolism ; *SARS-CoV-2/metabolism/genetics/physiology ; *Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; }, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 infection has had a significant impact on global health through both acute illness, referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and chronic conditions (long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, PASC). Despite substantial advancements in preventing severe COVID-19 cases through vaccination, the rise in the prevalence of long COVID syndrome and a notable degree of genomic mutation, primarily in the S protein, underscores the necessity for a deeper understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms related to the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, the latest part of this series, we investigate the potential pathophysiological molecular mechanisms triggered by the interaction between the spike protein and cellular receptors. Therefore, this review aims to provide a differential and focused view on the mechanisms potentially activated by the binding of the spike protein to canonical and non-canonical receptors for SARS-CoV-2, together with their possible interactions and effects on the pathogenesis of long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid40431629, year = {2025}, author = {de Melo, BP and da Silva, JAM and Rodrigues, MA and Palmeira, JDF and Saldanha-Araujo, F and Argañaraz, GA and Argañaraz, ER}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Long COVID-Part 1: Impact of Spike Protein in Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Long COVID Syndrome.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/v17050617}, pmid = {40431629}, issn = {1999-4915}, mesh = {Humans ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; *COVID-19/complications/virology/physiopathology/pathology ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; }, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 infection has resulted in more than 700 million cases and nearly 7 million deaths worldwide. Although vaccination efforts have effectively reduced mortality and transmission rates, a significant proportion of recovered patients-up to 40%-develop long COVID syndrome (LC) or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection (PASC). LC is characterized by the persistence or emergence of new symptoms following initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting the cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, reproductive, and immune systems. Despite the broad range of clinical symptoms that have been described, the risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms behind LC remain unclear. This review, the first of a two-part series, is distinguished by the discussion of the role of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the primary mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of LC.}, }
@article {pmid40431528, year = {2025}, author = {Lunge, VR and Kipper, D and Streck, AF and Fonseca, ASK and Ikuta, N}, title = {Emergence and Dissemination of the Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Lineages in Poultry Farms in South America.}, journal = {Veterinary sciences}, volume = {12}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vetsci12050435}, pmid = {40431528}, issn = {2306-7381}, support = {350153/2025-6//CNPq/ ; 303647/2023-0//CNPq/ ; }, abstract = {Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a chicken pathogen present in commercial poultry farms worldwide. It is classified within the species Avian coronavirus, genus Gammacoronavirus. As with other members of the family Coronaviridae, it has a single positive-sense RNA genome with 27.6 Kb and presents viral particles with a typical crown-like aspect due to the spike (S) transmembrane glycoprotein. IBV has a remarkable capacity for genetic recombination and mutation, resulting in many genotypes and antigenic variants over evolutionary time. Currently, it is classified into nine genetic types (GI to GIX) and 41 (1 to 41) lineages disseminated worldwide. In South America, IBV was first identified in early commercial poultry production ventures in Brazil in the 1950s. Since then, this virus has been frequently detected in commercial South American poultry farms, being classified into serotypes in the first decades and genotypes more recently. IBVs of the Massachusetts (Mass) serotype were initially detected and vaccine strains of this serotype were used extensively on commercial poultry farms. Other serotypes/genotypes were identified later, with almost all of them classified in the current genetic type I (GI). In addition, five GI lineages (GI-1, -11, -13, -16, and -23) have been associated with the main infectious bronchitis outbreaks in the continent, with some variations in the occurrence according to the countries and the period of time. Molecular epidemiological surveillance of IBV genetic types and lineages is necessary to anticipate potential outbreaks, revealing patterns of viral evolution and dissemination, as well as to guide the selection of appropriate vaccine strains and immunization programs.}, }
@article {pmid40431497, year = {2025}, author = {Rubini, A and Di Via, R and Pastore, VP and Del Signore, F and Rosto, M and De Bonis, A and Odone, F and Vignoli, M}, title = {Artificial Intelligence in Chest Radiography-A Comparative Review of Human and Veterinary Medicine.}, journal = {Veterinary sciences}, volume = {12}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/vetsci12050404}, pmid = {40431497}, issn = {2306-7381}, abstract = {The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into chest radiography (CXR) has greatly impacted both human and veterinary medicine, enhancing diagnostic speed, accuracy, and efficiency. In human medicine, AI has been extensively studied, improving the identification of thoracic abnormalities, diagnostic precision in emergencies, and the classification of complex conditions such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, and COVID-19. Deep learning-based models assist radiologists by detecting patterns, generating probability maps, and predicting outcomes like heart failure. However, AI is still supplementary to clinical expertise due to challenges such as data limitations, algorithmic biases, and the need for extensive validation. Ethical concerns and regulatory constraints also hinder full implementation. In veterinary medicine, AI is still in its early stages and is rarely used; however, it has the potential to become a valuable tool for supporting radiologists in the future. However, challenges include smaller datasets, breed variability, and limited research. Addressing these through focused research on species with less phenotypic variability (like cats) and cross-sector collaborations could advance AI in veterinary medicine. Both fields demonstrate AI's potential to enhance diagnostics but emphasize the ongoing need for human expertise in clinical decision making. Differences in anatomy structure between the two fields must be considered for effective AI adaptation.}, }
@article {pmid40431340, year = {2025}, author = {Zhu, W and Wang, D and Li, P and Deng, H and Deng, Z}, title = {Advances in Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Pandemic Surveillance: Methodological Frameworks and Future Perspectives.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/microorganisms13051169}, pmid = {40431340}, issn = {2076-2607}, support = {8252030//Beijing Natural Science Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a transformative approach for community-level health monitoring, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review critically examines the methodological framework of WBE systems through the following three core components: (1) sampling strategies that address spatial-temporal variability in wastewater systems, (2) comparative performance of different platforms in pathogen detection, and (3) predictive modeling integrating machine learning approaches. We systematically analyze how these components collectively overcome the limitations of conventional surveillance methods through early outbreak detection, asymptomatic case identification, and population-level trend monitoring. While highlighting technical breakthroughs in viral concentration methods and variant tracking through sequencing, the review also identifies persistent challenges, including data standardization, cost-effectiveness concerns in resource-limited settings, and ethical considerations in public health surveillance. Drawing insights from global implementation cases, we propose recommendations for optimizing each operational phase and discuss emerging applications beyond pandemic response. This review highlights WBE as an indispensable tool for modern public health, whose methodological refinements and cross-disciplinary integration are critical for transforming pandemic surveillance from reactive containment to proactive population health management.}, }
@article {pmid40431202, year = {2025}, author = {Rampelotto, PH and Taufer, CR and da Silva, J}, title = {The Role of Beneficial Microbiota in COVID-19: Insights from Key Bacterial Genera.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/microorganisms13051029}, pmid = {40431202}, issn = {2076-2607}, support = {88887.513461/2020-00//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; 88887.798411/2022-00//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing disease severity and progression. Emerging research indicates that the human microbiota, particularly beneficial bacteria, significantly impacts immune responses and health outcomes in COVID-19 patients. While existing studies provide general insights into the relationship between the microbiota and probiotics with COVID-19, they often lack a detailed exploration of how specific bacterial taxa might be used as adjunctive treatments. This review aims to address this gap by focusing on ten key genera of beneficial bacteria, discussing their roles in COVID-19 and evaluating their potential as probiotics for prevention and treatment. The review covers the impact of these microbes on human health, their population alterations in COVID-19 patients, and their interactions with other viral infections. Among these microbes, several exhibit distinct patterns of abundance in COVID-19 patients, influencing disease outcomes and highlighting their potential roles in infection dynamics. In COVID-19 patients, populations of Akkermansia, Ruminococcus, and Roseburia are consistently reduced, while those of Faecalibacterium show a significant decline in more severe cases. Bacteroides presents varying effects depending on the species involved. Alterations in the abundance of Blautia and Lachnospiraceae are associated with increased inflammation and disease severity. Likewise, the depletion of Lachnospira and Coprococcus populations, both linked to anti-inflammatory effects, may exacerbate symptom severity. Oscillospira, though less studied, is connected to overall health and could have implications for viral infections. This review synthesizes the current understanding of these beneficial microbes to highlight the importance of maintaining a healthy microbiota to alleviate the impact of COVID-19 and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies involving microbiota modulation.}, }
@article {pmid40430901, year = {2025}, author = {Spagnolo, F and Brugiapaglia, S and Perin, M and Intonti, S and Curcio, C}, title = {Anti-Cancer Drugs: Trends and Insights from PubMed Records.}, journal = {Pharmaceutics}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/pharmaceutics17050610}, pmid = {40430901}, issn = {1999-4923}, support = {2022TRSH52//Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale-PRIN/ ; }, abstract = {Background: In recent years, there has been an exponential growth in global anti-cancer drug research, prompting the necessity for comprehensive analyses of publication output and thematic shifts. Methods: This study utilized a comprehensive set of PubMed records from 1962 to 2024 and examined growth patterns, content classification, and co-occurrence of key pharmacological and molecular terms. Results: Our results highlight an exponential rise in publications, with an annual compound growth rate of over 14%, influenced by advancements in digital knowledge sharing and novel therapeutic breakthroughs. A pronounced surge occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting a sustained shift in research dynamics. The content analyses revealed a strong emphasis on classical chemotherapeutic agents-often studied in combination with targeted therapies or immunotherapies-and a growing focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccine platforms. Furthermore, co-occurrence networks indicated robust links between chemotherapy and supportive care, as well as emerging synergies between immuno-oncology, precision medicine approaches. Conclusions: Our study suggests that while novel modalities are reshaping treatment paradigms, chemotherapy remains central, underscoring the value of integrative regimens. This trend toward personalized, combination-based strategies indicates a transformative era in oncology research, where multidimensional data assessment is instrumental in guiding future therapeutic innovations.}, }
@article {pmid40430786, year = {2025}, author = {Valencia-Ledezma, OE and Reyes-Montes, MDR and Acosta-Altamirano, G and Frías-De-León, MG and García-Salazar, E and Duarte-Escalante, E and Santiago-Abundio, J and González-Miguel, Z and García-Hernández, ML and Martínez-Quezada, R and Torres-Páez, OU and Galindo-Oseguera, E and Meza-Meneses, P and Santiago-González, N}, title = {Invasive Candidiasis Coinfection in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Disease: Scoping Review.}, journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/pathogens14050466}, pmid = {40430786}, issn = {2076-0817}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/microbiology ; *Coinfection/epidemiology/microbiology ; *Candidiasis, Invasive/epidemiology/microbiology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Intensive Care Units ; Candida/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; }, abstract = {Coinfection rates of candidiasis in patients affected by COVID-19 had a significantly increase during the sanitary contingency. The objective of this scoping review is to analyze the available scientific evidence around the coinfection of invasive candidiasis in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Online databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, SciFinder, Scopus, and SciELO were used to analyze the different scientific studies published from January 2020 to December 2022, selecting 48 publications that reported comorbidity between invasive candidiasis and COVID-19 as a study variable. Based on the PRISMA-ScR extension for scoping reviews, we identified more than half of the publications (57%) as observational, descriptive, and analytic studies, while 43% were systematic reviews. Overall, up to 169,468 adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit were examined. Coinfection was due mainly to Candida albicans (75%), but some more species were reported such as Meyerozyma parapsilosis (formerly Candida parapsilosis); Meyerozyma guilliermondii (formerly Candida guilliermondii); Nakaseomyces glabratus (formerly Candida glabrata); Candida tropicalis; Candida dubliniensis; Clavispora lusitaniae (formerly Candida lusitaniae); and Pichia kudriavzevii (formerly Candida krusei). We concluded that patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 had a higher incidence of fungal coinfections, thus increasing the mortality rate, disease severity, and length of hospital stay in the intensive care unit.}, }
@article {pmid40430385, year = {2025}, author = {Ortega, &#xc1; and Duran, P and Garrido, B and Manzano, A and Navarro, C and Silva, A and Rojas, M and De Sanctis, JB and Radzioch, D and Rivera-Porras, D and Paredes, CS and Bermúdez, V}, title = {Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Pulmonary Diseases: Molecular and Therapeutic Implications.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {30}, number = {10}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/molecules30102212}, pmid = {40430385}, issn = {1420-3049}, mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; COVID-19/metabolism ; *Lung Diseases/drug therapy/metabolism ; Docosahexaenoic Acids/therapeutic use/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Inflammatory lung diseases (ILDs) represent a global public health crisis characterized by escalating prevalence, significant morbidity, and substantial mortality. In response to the complex immunopathogenic mechanisms driving these conditions, novel pharmacological strategies targeting resolution pathways have emerged throughout the discovery of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator (SPM; resolvins, maresins, and protectins) dysregulation across the ILD spectra, positioning these endogenous molecules as promising therapeutic candidates for modulating maladaptive inflammation and promoting tissue repair. Over the past decade, this paradigm has catalyzed extensive translational research into SPM-based interventions as precision therapeutics for respiratory inflammation. In asthma, they reduce mucus hypersecretion, bronchial hyperreactivity, and airway inflammation, with prenatal SPM exposure potentially lowering offspring disease risk. In COPD, SPMs attenuate amyloid A-driven inflammation, normalizing cytokine/chemokine imbalances and oxidative stress and mitigating COVID-19-associated cytokine storm, enhancing survival. This review synthesizes SPMs' pharmacotherapeutic mechanisms in ILDs and evaluates current preclinical and clinical evidence.}, }
@article {pmid40430296, year = {2025}, author = {Kubryń, N and Fijałkowski, &#x141; and Nowaczyk, J and Jamil, A and Nowaczyk, A}, title = {PROTAC Technology as a New Tool for Modern Pharmacotherapy.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {30}, number = {10}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/molecules30102123}, pmid = {40430296}, issn = {1420-3049}, mesh = {Humans ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/metabolism ; *Proteolysis/drug effects ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Drug Design ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {The publication focuses on the innovative applications of PROTAC (proteolysis-targeting chimera) technology in modern pharmacotherapy, with particular emphasis on cancer treatment. PROTACs represent an advanced therapeutic strategy that enables selective protein degradation, opening new possibilities in drug design. This technology shows potential in the treatment of cancers, viral infections (such as HIV and COVID-19), and chronic diseases including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, atopic dermatitis, and Huntington's disease. Promising results from clinical studies on the compound ARV-471 confirm the effectiveness of this approach. New types of PROTACs, like TF-PROTAC and PhosphoTAC, are designed to enhance the effectiveness, stability, and absorption of treatment drugs. The conclusions of the review highlight the broad therapeutic potential of PROTACs in various diseases and their relevance for the future of therapies, particularly in oncology.}, }
@article {pmid40430232, year = {2025}, author = {Ciortea, DA and Matei, MN and Debita, M and Lupu, A and Mătăsaru, M and Verga Răuță, GI and Fotea, S}, title = {Cardiac Manifestations and Emerging Biomarkers in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/life15050805}, pmid = {40430232}, issn = {2075-1729}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cardiac involvement is a key prognostic factor in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a rare but serious inflammatory condition that typically occurs 2-6 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection and is characterized by fever, systemic inflammation, and multiorgan involvement. Biomarkers may aid in early detection, severity assessment, and treatment stratification.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of established and emerging serum biomarkers in MIS-C, with an emphasis on cardiac dysfunction and disease severity.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to April 2025. Eligible studies included pediatric MIS-C cases with reported serum biomarkers. Meta-analyses were performed for NT-proBNP and troponin using random-effects models. Descriptive profiling was applied to emerging biomarkers. Subgroup comparisons were explored between severe and moderate MIS-C. Quality assessment followed the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and publication bias was assessed via funnel plots and Egger's test.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 67 studies were included, comprising >4000 pediatric MIS-C cases. NT-proBNP and troponin were consistently elevated (pooled means: 9697 pg/mL and 0.384 ng/mL, respectively), with a low risk of publication bias. Emerging biomarkers such as CXCL9, angiopoietin-2, and vitamin D revealed high inter-study variability but potential prognostic value. Subgroup analyses for selected studies (n = 5) suggested higher biomarker levels in severe MIS-C.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: NT-proBNP and troponin are robust indicators of cardiac injury in MIS-C. Emerging biomarkers show promise but require validation. Future studies should include copeptin and adopt standardized reporting to refine biomarker-guided management.}, }
@article {pmid40430210, year = {2025}, author = {Gherman, A and Andrei, D and Popoiu, CM and Stoicescu, ER and Levai, MC and Stoian, II and Bloancă, V}, title = {Multidisciplinary Telemedicine in Healthcare During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/life15050783}, pmid = {40430210}, issn = {2075-1729}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of virtual multidisciplinary teams (MDTs), transforming healthcare delivery through telemedicine. This review examines the integration of telemedicine into multidisciplinary care across various medical specialties, highlighting its benefits and challenges. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, using keywords related to telemedicine and MDTs. Inclusion criteria focused on studies discussing telemedicine implementation in multidisciplinary care, as well as its effectiveness and impact on patient outcomes, while non-English studies, single-case reports, and articles lacking explicit discussions on MDT integration were excluded. Data extraction covered telemedicine platforms, specialties involved, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest that virtual MDTs enhance efficiency, accessibility, and patient satisfaction, particularly in remote and underserved areas. However, challenges, such as technological barriers, disparities in digital access, and maintaining effective team communication, persist. Despite these limitations, telemedicine has demonstrated significant potential in improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment coordination. Future efforts should focus on optimizing infrastructure, digital training for healthcare providers, and regulatory frameworks to guarantee long-term sustainability.}, }
@article {pmid40430160, year = {2025}, author = {Caliman-Sturdza, OA and Gheorghita, RE and Soldanescu, I}, title = {Vitamin D and COVID-19: Clinical Evidence and Immunological Insights.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/life15050733}, pmid = {40430160}, issn = {2075-1729}, abstract = {Vitamin D has emerged as a potential modulator of immune responses, sparking interest in its role in COVID-19 susceptibility and clinical outcomes. This review synthesizes current clinical evidence and explores immunological insights into the relationship between vitamin D levels and COVID-19 infection severity. Epidemiological studies indicate an inverse correlation between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of severe disease, hospitalization, and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Immunologically, vitamin D exerts regulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immunity, enhancing antimicrobial defense mechanisms, reducing excessive inflammatory responses, and potentially mitigating cytokine storm events observed in severe COVID-19 cases. Despite promising observational data, clinical trials evaluating vitamin D supplementation have shown mixed results, underscoring the need for standardized dosing regimens and patient stratification. Future research should focus on large-scale randomized controlled trials to conclusively determine the therapeutic potential and optimal supplementation strategies for vitamin D in managing COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40430154, year = {2025}, author = {Huang, TS and Chao, JY and Chang, HH and Lin, WR and Lin, WH}, title = {COVID-19 and Diabetes: Persistent Cardiovascular and Renal Risks in the Post-Pandemic Landscape.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/life15050726}, pmid = {40430154}, issn = {2075-1729}, abstract = {The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), disproportionately affects individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) by exacerbating cardiovascular and renal complications. This increased risk is mediated through immune dysfunction, chronic inflammation, hyperglycemia, dysregulation of renin-angiotensin system dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulability. Epidemiological studies indicate a two-fold increased risk of stroke and end-stage renal disease in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with diabetes, along with a 60% higher risk of cardiovascular disease. While antidiabetic therapies like sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists show potential protective effects, insulin use in hospitalized patients is linked to higher mortality. Vaccination is crucial in reducing severe COVID-19 outcomes and mitigating post-infection complications, including new-onset diabetes. While concerns exist regarding vaccine-associated nephropathy and thromboembolic events, these risks are thought to be minimal compared to the benefits. As COVID-19 shifts to an endemic phase, the long-term renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with DM remain uncertain, highlighting the urgent need for continued research and targeted management strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40430138, year = {2025}, author = {Modiga, A and Butiurca, VO and Boeriu, CM and Truta, TS and Turucz, E and Halațiu, VB and Rodean, IP and Russu, PC and Gherghinescu, MC and Molnar, C}, title = {Pathophysiological Mechanisms Linking COVID-19 and Acute Surgical Abdomen: A Literature Review.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/life15050707}, pmid = {40430138}, issn = {2075-1729}, abstract = {Acute surgical abdomen is characterized by intense, sudden abdominal pain due to intra-abdominal conditions requiring prompt surgical intervention. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to various complications related to the disease's complex pathophysiological mechanisms, hence the hypothesis of COVID-19-induced acute abdominal surgical pathologies. The connection between acute surgical abdomen and COVID-19 involves two primary mechanisms. First, there is the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in multiple abdominal organs. This facilitates the cytokine storm through direct viral injury and inflammation. Second, the hypercoagulable state induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) increases the thrombotic risk within abdominal vessels, which can subsequently lead to ischemia. ACE2 receptors are notably expressed in the gastric, duodenal, and rectal epithelium, with SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and nucleocapsid proteins detected in these tissues. The inflammatory response results in significant endothelial damage, activating coagulation pathways that cause monocellular infiltration, lymphocytic inflammation, and uncontrolled coagulation. These findings highlight the need for further research to clarify how COVID-19 leads to acute abdominal pathologies. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for improving clinical management and patient outcomes during future health crises and in the aftermath of the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40430032, year = {2025}, author = {Park, PG and Lee, SY and Youn, H and Hong, KJ}, title = {Promising Vaccine Formulations for Emerging Infectious Diseases.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {10}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijms26104893}, pmid = {40430032}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {NRF-2020R1A2C2011695//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; 22213MFDS421//Ministry of Food and Drug Safety/ ; RS-2023-00217026//Ministry of Food and Drug Safety/ ; RS-2024-00331833//Ministry of Food and Drug Safety/ ; HI22C0009//Ministry of Food and Drug Safety/ ; HV22C0004//Ministry of Food and Drug Safety/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are one of the greatest threats to human health today, thus requiring an urgent response. Vaccines are one of the most effective means of preventing the spread of infectious diseases, and their usefulness in responding to EIDs has been clearly proven through the process of overcoming the global COVID-19 pandemic. As the characteristics of various vaccine formulations differ, it is necessary to apply the most appropriate one according to the EID response strategy. In this review, we first consider which vaccine formulation is the most suitable for EID vaccines by comparing the pros and cons of different vaccine formulations, and then we discuss the utility of mRNA vaccine formulations, which are considered the most promising for EID vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid40428732, year = {2025}, author = {Hărșan, ST and Sin, AI}, title = {The Involvement and Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Cardiovascular Pathology.}, journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)}, volume = {61}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/medicina61050773}, pmid = {40428732}, issn = {1648-9144}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/physiopathology ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/virology/physiopathology/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Although the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, the emergence of the post-COVID-19 condition presents a new and complex public health challenge, characterized by persistent, multisystem symptoms that can endure for weeks or months after the initial infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, significantly affecting survivors' quality of life. Among the most concerning sequelae are cardiovascular complications, which encompass a broad spectrum of conditions, including arrhythmias, myocardial damage, or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. This narrative review explores the burden of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiovascular health by reviewing the latest and most relevant findings in the literature and highlighting different aspects of COVID-19's cardiovascular involvement. This review investigates the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular involvement in the post-COVID-19 condition, with a focus on direct viral invasion via ACE2 receptors, immune-mediated cardiovascular injury, cytokine storm, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and mitochondrial injury. The interplay between pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation, and COVID-19 is also explored, revealing that individuals with such conditions are at heightened risk for both severe acute illness and long-term complications. Long-term immune activation and the persistence of viral antigens are increasingly recognized as contributors to ongoing cardiovascular damage, even in individuals with mild or asymptomatic initial infections. As the healthcare system continues to adapt to the long-term consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a deeper understanding of these cardiovascular manifestations is essential. This knowledge will inform the development of targeted strategies for prevention, clinical management, and rehabilitation of affected patients. Furthermore, the insights gained from the intersection of COVID-19 and cardiovascular health will be instrumental in shaping responses to future viral epidemics, highlighting the necessity for multidisciplinary approaches to patient care and public health preparedness.}, }
@article {pmid40428193, year = {2025}, author = {Hsu, NC and Lin, YF and Tsai, HB and Liao, C and Hsu, CH}, title = {Ten Questions on Using Lung Ultrasonography to Diagnose and Manage Pneumonia in Hospital-at-Home Model: Part II-Confounders and Mimickers.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {10}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/diagnostics15101200}, pmid = {40428193}, issn = {2075-4418}, abstract = {The hospital-at-home (HaH) model offers hospital-level care within patients' homes and has proven effective for managing conditions such as pneumonia. The point-of-care ultrasonography (PoCUS) is a key diagnostic tool in this model, especially when traditional imaging modalities are unavailable. This review explores how PoCUS can be optimized to manage pneumonia in HaH settings, focusing on its diagnostic accuracy in patients with comorbidities, differentiation from mimickers, and role in assessing disease severity. Pulmonary comorbidities, such as heart failure and interstitial lung disease (ILD), can complicate lung ultrasound (LUS) interpretation. In heart failure, combining lung, cardiac, and venous assessments (e.g., IVC collapsibility, VExUS score) improves diagnostic clarity. In ILD, distinguishing chronic changes from acute infections requires attention to B-line patterns and pleural abnormalities. PoCUS must differentiate pneumonia from conditions such as atelectasis, lung contusion, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, eosinophilic pneumonia, and neoplastic lesions-many of which present with similar sonographic features. Serial LUS scoring provides useful information on pneumonia severity and disease progression. Studies, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, show correlations between worsening LUS scores and poor outcomes, including increased ventilator dependency and mortality. Furthermore, LUS scores correlate with inflammatory markers and gas exchange metrics, supporting their prognostic value. In conclusion, PoCUS in HaH care requires clinicians to integrate multi-organ ultrasound findings, clinical context, and serial monitoring to enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes. Mastery of LUS interpretation in complex scenarios is crucial to delivering personalized, high-quality care in the home setting.}, }
@article {pmid40428133, year = {2025}, author = {Cheng, Y and Cheng, R and Xu, T and Tan, X and Bai, Y}, title = {Machine Learning Techniques Applied to COVID-19 Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review.}, journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/bioengineering12050514}, pmid = {40428133}, issn = {2306-5354}, support = {202103021224195//Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province, China/ ; 202103021223189//Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province, China/ ; 202103021224212//Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province, China/ ; 20210302123019//Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province, China/ ; 61774137//National Science Foundation of China, China/ ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 was one of the most serious global public health emergencies in recent years, and its extremely fast spreading speed had a profound negative impact on society. A comprehensive analysis and prediction of COVID-19 could lay a theoretical foundation for monitoring and early warning systems. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been an influx of research on predictive modelling, with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, particularly machine learning (ML) methods, becoming the dominant research direction due to their superior capability in processing multidimensional datasets and capturing complex nonlinear transmission patterns. We systematically reviewed COVID-19 ML prediction models developed under the background of the epidemic using the PRISMA method. We used the selected keywords to screen the relevant literature of COVID-19 prediction using ML technology from 2020 to 2023 in the Web of Science, Springer and Elsevier databases. Based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 136 eligible studies were ultimately selected from 5731 preliminarily screened publications, and the datasets, data preprocessing, ML models, and evaluation metrics used in these studies were assessed. By establishing a multi-level classification framework that included traditional statistical models (such as ARIMA), ML models (such as SVM), deep learning (DL) models (such as CNN, LSTM), ensemble learning methods (such as AdaBoost), and hybrid models (such as the fusion architecture of intelligent optimization algorithms and neural networks), it revealed that the hybrid modelling strategy effectively improved the prediction accuracy of the model through feature combination optimization and model cascade integration. In addition, we compared the performance of ML models with other models in the COVID-19 prediction task. The results showed that the propagation of COVID-19 is affected by multiple factors, including meteorological and socio-economic conditions. Compared to traditional methods, ML methods demonstrated significant advantages in COVID-19 prediction, especially hybrid modelling strategies, which showed great potential in optimizing accuracy. However, these techniques face challenges and limitations despite their strong performance. By reviewing existing research on COVID-19 prediction, this study provided systematic theoretical support for AI applications in infectious disease prediction and promoted technological innovation in public health.}, }
@article {pmid40428099, year = {2025}, author = {Jadhav, K and Abhang, A and Kole, EB and Gadade, D and Dusane, A and Iyer, A and Sharma, A and Rout, SK and Gholap, AD and Naik, J and Verma, RK and Rojekar, S}, title = {Peptide-Drug Conjugates as Next-Generation Therapeutics: Exploring the Potential and Clinical Progress.}, journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/bioengineering12050481}, pmid = {40428099}, issn = {2306-5354}, abstract = {Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) have emerged as a next-generation therapeutic platform, combining the target specificity of peptides with the pharmacological potency of small-molecule drugs. As an evolution beyond antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), PDCs offer distinct advantages, including enhanced cellular permeability, improved drug selectivity, and versatile design flexibility. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental components of PDCs, including homing peptide selection, linker engineering, and payload optimization, alongside strategies to address their inherent challenges, such as stability, bioactivity, and clinical translation barriers. Therapeutic applications of PDCs span oncology, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and emerging areas like COVID-19, with several conjugates advancing in clinical trials and achieving regulatory milestones. Innovations, including bicyclic peptides, supramolecular architectures, and novel linker technologies, are explored as promising avenues to enhance PDC design. Additionally, this review examines the clinical trajectory of PDCs, emphasizing their therapeutic potential and highlighting ongoing trials that exemplify their efficacy. By addressing limitations and leveraging emerging advancements, PDCs hold immense promise as targeted therapeutics capable of addressing complex disease states and driving progress in precision medicine.}, }
@article {pmid40427985, year = {2025}, author = {Bernuzzi, C and Piccardo, MA and Guglielmetti, C}, title = {Mapping Research Trends on the Implications of Telemedicine for Healthcare Professionals: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {10}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/healthcare13101149}, pmid = {40427985}, issn = {2227-9032}, support = {//MUSA-Multilayered Urban Sustainability Action-project, funded by the European Un-ion-NextGenerationEU, under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)/ ; }, abstract = {Background/Objectives: The digital transformation in healthcare is reshaping care delivery by enhancing patient care and flexibility. However, it also poses potential challenges to healthcare professionals' wellbeing and work practices. To date, research on the implications of telemedicine for healthcare professionals remains limited and inconclusive. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of this research field using a quantitative, bibliometric approach. Methods: Articles were systematically selected from Web of Science and Scopus databases, focusing on empirical, peer-reviewed articles written in English, involving healthcare professionals and focusing on telemedicine. Results: The dataset consists of 160 papers. The analysis reveals a significant increase in publications starting from 2012, with a notable surge in 2020, reflecting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The University of New Mexico and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, both in the United States, were identified as the institutions with the highest number of published articles. Most studies were published in clinical-focused journals (e.g., Journal of Medical Internet Research and BMC Health Services Research), emphasizing the field's dominant orientation. The intellectual structure reveals that wellbeing, work practices, and communications between patients and professionals are central themes. Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis provides scholars with a clearer understanding of the intellectual structure of research on the implications of telemedicine for healthcare professionals, addressing key gaps left by previous reviews. While telemedicine offers numerous advantages, such as enhanced access to care and greater flexibility, it also raises challenges related to healthcare professionals' wellbeing, work practices, and communication with patients. Both contextual factors (e.g., digital skills training) and individual characteristics (e.g., attitudes toward telemedicine) play a significant role in shaping healthcare professionals' experiences with telemedicine. By identifying influential contributors and thematic patterns, this study offers a foundation for future research and informs the development of targeted interventions to sustain healthcare professionals in digitally mediated care environments.}, }
@article {pmid40427984, year = {2025}, author = {D'Ardes, D and Deana, C and Boccatonda, A and Biasucci, DG and Cipollone, F and Castro-Sayat, M and Colaianni-Alfonso, N and Gallardo, A and Vetrugno, L}, title = {Lung Ultrasound After COVID-19: A Pivotal Moment for Clinical Integration-Navigating Challenges and Seizing Opportunities.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {10}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/healthcare13101148}, pmid = {40427984}, issn = {2227-9032}, abstract = {Lung ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as a valuable bedside decision-making tool, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic, with applications in diagnosing pneumonia, managing fluid, and monitoring interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ultimately improving patient outcomes. Its repeatability, environmental safety, and reduced radiation exposure make it ideal for vulnerable populations and resource-limited settings. However, challenges such as inadequate documentation and a lack of standardized reporting formats limit its widespread adoption. The evolution of technology offers different possibilities, and improvements in software open up a range of possibilities, but this contrasts with the lack of postgraduate and undergraduate training and formal accreditation. This review addresses the impact of lung ultrasound through the course of air-liquid ratio impairment, crossing different clinical scenarios and exploring the challenges and opportunities for the implementation of lung ultrasound in the post-COVID era.}, }
@article {pmid40427812, year = {2025}, author = {Santalucia, I and Sorrentino, M and Fiorilla, C and Tranquilli, S and Strazza, G and Montuori, P and Palladino, R and Fiore, M and Ferrante, M and Triassi, M}, title = {Learning from COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the IHR-SPAR Framework's Role in the Pandemic Response.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {22}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph22050695}, pmid = {40427812}, issn = {1660-4601}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Global Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *International Health Regulations ; }, abstract = {The International Health Regulations (IHR) provide a global framework for health security, requiring annual reporting on 35 indicators across 15 core capacities via the State Parties Annual Reporting (SPAR) tool. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed gaps in the IHR framework and monitoring systems, prompting calls for reform. This systematic review analyzed the correlations between IHR-SPAR scores and pandemic outcomes across nine studies (2020-2024), selected using the PRISMA guidelines. The study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's tool for cross-sectional studies. Of 1019 screened studies, nine met the inclusion criteria. Higher SPAR scores generally correlated with lower COVID-19 incidence and mortality, although some high-scoring countries experienced severe outbreaks. Middle-income countries showed the greatest improvement, particularly in risk communication and emergency response, while zoonotic disease capacities saw little progress. While the SPAR tool aids monitoring, it requires revisions to better reflect real-world pandemic responses. High SPAR scores do not always indicate effective crisis management. This study recommends integrating more dynamic, operational, and context-sensitive indicators to enhance the global preparedness for future health emergencies.}, }
@article {pmid40427786, year = {2025}, author = {Espinola, N and Loudet, CI and Luxardo, R and Moreno, C and Kyaw, MH and Spinardi, J and Mendoza, CF and Carballo, CM and Dantas, AC and Abalos, MG and Ballivian, J and Navarro, E and Bardach, A}, title = {COVID-19 Disease and Economic Burden to Healthcare Systems in Adults in Six Latin American Countries Before Nationwide Vaccination Program: Ministry of Health Database Assessment and Literature Review.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {22}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph22050669}, pmid = {40427786}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {NA//Pfizer/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/economics/epidemiology/mortality ; Adult ; Latin America/epidemiology ; *Cost of Illness ; *Health Care Costs/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Middle Aged ; Databases, Factual ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide, yet reliable data on COVID-19 morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs in Latin America remain limited. This study explored the disease and economic burden of COVID-19 in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru during the pre-vaccination period. Using national databases and a systematic review of the literature, we analyzed data on adults aged 18 and older, reporting cases, death rates, years of life lost, excess mortality, and direct medical costs. Before vaccination programs began, the average COVID-19 incidence rate was 6741 per 100,000 adults. Of these, 91% were mild cases, 7% moderate/severe, and 2% critical. Among 2,201,816 hospitalizations, 27.8% required intensive care, and 17.5% required mechanical ventilation. Excess mortality ranged from 76 to 557 per 100,000, and years of life lost spanned 241,089 to 3,312,346. Direct medical costs ranged from USD 258 million to USD 10,437 million, representing 2-5% of national health expenditures. The findings highlight significant variability across countries and provide crucial insights to help policymakers to make informed decisions and allocate resources effectively to improve national strategies around surveillance, preventive and treatment strategies to control the spread of COVID-19 disease in the future.}, }
@article {pmid40426590, year = {2025}, author = {Andreev, DN and Khurmatullina, AR and Maev, IV and Bordin, DS and Zaborovskiy, AV and Abdulkhakov, SR and Kucheryavyy, YA and Sokolov, FS and Beliy, PA}, title = {Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic Resistance in Russia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/antibiotics14050524}, pmid = {40426590}, issn = {2079-6382}, abstract = {Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the temporal changes in Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Russia based on studies published over the past 15 years. Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, the Russian Science Citation Index, and Google Scholar, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Our meta-analysis was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD 420251025636). The inclusion criteria included original research, published in English or Russian in 2011-2024, involving antibiotic susceptibility testing in treatment-naive Russian adults using validated diagnostic methods. Two independent researchers selected studies and extracted data using standardized procedures, with methodological quality assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled resistance rates were calculated using fixed/random-effects models in MedCalc 23.1.5 and Python 3.9.21, with meta-regression investigating temporal trends and subgroup analyses examining regional and methodological variations. Results: We identified 16 studies comprising 1206 H. pylori isolates. The pooled analysis of studies (2011-2025) revealed an overall clarithromycin resistance rate of 15.236%, with a significant temporal increase from 11.903% pre-2015 to 21.024% in 2020-2024 (p = 0.0049). Metronidazole showed consistently high pooled resistance (33.309%), while amoxicillin (1.828%), levofloxacin (19.014%), tetracycline (1.328%), and rifampicin (5.803%) maintained low resistance rates, and dual clarithromycin-metronidazole resistance was observed in 2.793% of isolates. Regional disparities were notable in the two largest cities of Russia, with 18.763% clarithromycin resistance in Moscow versus 28.540% in Saint-Petersburg. Conclusions: Russia surpasses the Maastricht VI Consensus resistance threshold for clarithromycin (15%), necessitating revision of empirical treatment strategies. The significant increase in clarithromycin resistance, potentially exacerbated by antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic, underscores the urgent need for resistance-guided therapies and ongoing national surveillance programs to optimize H. pylori management.}, }
@article {pmid40426524, year = {2025}, author = {Satyam, SM and El-Tanani, M and Patni, MA and Rehman, A and Wali, AF and Rangraze, IR and Babiker, R and Rabbani, SA and El-Tanani, Y and Rizzo, M}, title = {Repurposing Anthelmintic Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials on Ivermectin and Mebendazole.}, journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/antibiotics14050459}, pmid = {40426524}, issn = {2079-6382}, abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the urgent exploration of therapeutic options, including drug repurposing. Anthelmintic drugs such as ivermectin and mebendazole have garnered interest due to their potential antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. However, conflicting evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) necessitates a comprehensive meta-analysis to determine their efficacy and safety in COVID-19 management. Objective: This meta-analysis evaluates the clinical efficacy of ivermectin and mebendazole in treating COVID-19 by analyzing their impact on viral clearance, symptom resolution, hospitalization duration, and safety profiles. Methods: A systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to identify RCTs published up to February 2025. Eligible studies included adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 who received ivermectin or mebendazole compared with a placebo or standard of care. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I[2] statistic, and pooled effect sizes were calculated for primary clinical outcomes. Results: Twenty-three RCTs (n = 12,345) were included, with twenty-one studies on ivermectin and two on mebendazole. The pooled analysis suggested no statistically significant improvement in viral clearance (p = 0.39), hospitalization duration (p = 0.15), or symptom resolution (p = 0.08) with ivermectin or mebendazole. However, individual studies indicated potential benefits, particularly for mebendazole, in reducing viral load and inflammation. Both drugs exhibited favorable safety profiles, with no significant increase in adverse events. Conclusions: The promising propensities observed in selected studies underscore the potential of ivermectin and mebendazole as adjunct therapies for COVID-19. With well-established safety profiles, immunomodulatory effects, and affordability, these drugs present strong candidates for further exploration. Advancing research through well-designed, large-scale RCTs will help unlock their full therapeutic potential and expand treatment options in the fight against COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40426384, year = {2025}, author = {Fernández-Vilas, E and Coca, JR and Labora González, JJ and Iglesias Carrera, M}, title = {The Sociology of Suicide After COVID-19: Assessment of the Spanish Case.}, journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/bs15050606}, pmid = {40426384}, issn = {2076-328X}, support = {2024-3608//Banco Santander (Spain)/ ; }, abstract = {The phenomenon of suicide has become a significant global concern, claiming over 800,000 lives annually and resulting in millions of suicide attempts worldwide. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, these troubling statistics have worsened, with notable increases in suicidal behavior, especially among vulnerable populations such as the youth, the elderly, and those in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. This paper aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates in Spain, using a theoretical ex post facto analysis. Spain has witnessed an alarming rise in suicide rates, particularly among young people, and a disturbing trend of increased suicidal ideation and self-harm behaviors. While some studies report no significant change in suicide rates during the pandemic, others point to the exacerbating effects of social isolation, economic instability, and public health measures. This study provides an in-depth examination of the psychosocial consequences of the pandemic on mental health in Spain, emphasizing the urgency of the need to address pre-existing inequalities and implement effective suicide prevention measures. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of gender-sensitive strategies and the need for systemic reforms to ensure better mental healthcare access for all segments of society. To achieve this goal, this paper uses a narrative literature review combined with a theoretical ex post facto analysis to assess the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide patterns in Spain.}, }
@article {pmid40426351, year = {2025}, author = {Agyapong-Opoku, N and Agyapong-Opoku, F and Greenshaw, AJ}, title = {Effects of Social Media Use on Youth and Adolescent Mental Health: A Scoping Review of Reviews.}, journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/bs15050574}, pmid = {40426351}, issn = {2076-328X}, support = {N/A//Alberta Mental Health Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {Background: The impact of social media on adolescent mental health has become a critical area of research as social media usage has surged among youth. Despite extensive research, findings on this relationship remain inconsistent, with various studies reporting both negative and positive effects. This scoping review aims to clarify the multifaceted nature of this relationship by analyzing the recent literature. Objective: This review aims to analyze the current evidence regarding the effects of social media use on adolescent mental health, identify consistent patterns and discrepancies in the findings, identify gaps in our knowledge, and highlight opportunities for further research. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage approach. Searches were performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles published between July 2020 and July 2024. Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews, umbrella reviews, narrative reviews, and meta-analyses written in English focusing on youth/adolescents' mental health and social media. The search strategy identified 1005 articles, of which 43 relevant articles survived the reviewer selection process, from which data were extracted and analyzed to inform this review. Results: The majority of studies linked social media use to adverse mental health outcomes, particularly depression and anxiety. However, the relationship was complex, with evidence suggesting that problematic use and passive consumption of social media were most strongly associated with adverse effects. In contrast, some studies highlighted positive aspects, including enhanced social support and reduced isolation. The mental health impact of social media use, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic, was mixed, with the full range of neutral, negative, and positive effects reported. Conclusions: The nature of social media's impact on adolescent mental health is highly individualistic and influenced by moderating factors. This review supports the notion that social media's effects on adolescent mental health can be context specific and may be shaped by patterns of usage. A focus on longitudinal studies in future research will be useful for us to understand long-term effects and develop targeted interventions in this context. Enhancing digital literacy and creating supportive online environments are essential to maximizing the benefits of social media while mitigating its risks.}, }
@article {pmid40426138, year = {2025}, author = {Abbasi, AF and Karimi Dehkordi, N and SoleimanvandiAzar, N and Roohravan Benis, M and Nojomi, M}, title = {Gini coefficient, GDP per capita and COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review of ecologic studies.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {1960}, pmid = {40426138}, issn = {1471-2458}, support = {1401-4-90-24758//Iran University of Medical Sciences/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality ; *Gross Domestic Product/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Global Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, when Wuhan officially reported COVID-19, the disease has spread globally, revealing significant variations in mortality rates influenced by socio-economic factors and health policies. This study aims to identify two predictors of COVID-19 mortality differences-GDP (Gross Domestic Product), and Gini Coefficient index-across various countries through a systematic review.<br><br>METHODS: The study was a systematic review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy was searched in the titles and abstracts of the articles in three main databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Gini Coefficients and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the countries were used as mortality predictors. The initial search yielded 331 articles, which were assessed for quality using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Ultimately, 31 articles were included in the final synthesis.<br><br>RESULTS: Most studies analyzed data from multiple countries, with only ten of the thirty-one articles focusing on a single nation. Initial research in 2020 aimed to understand the immediate socioeconomic factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes. Later studies in 2021 and 2022 explored more complex interactions between the pandemic and socioeconomic factors, while long-term outcomes were published in 2023 and 2024. Some studies found a paradoxical relationship between GDP and COVID-19 mortality rates, whereas most indicated a positive correlation between COVID-19 mortality rates and the Gini index.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Both income inequality and GDP significantly influence COVID-19 mortality rates. While a higher GDP can provide some protective benefits, it does not completely shield countries from high mortality, especially when considering economic activity and demographics. Researchers consistently identify income inequality as a predictor of poorer health outcomes, highlighting the need for equitable health and social policies to mitigate vulnerabilities in future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid40425603, year = {2025}, author = {Gonete, AT and Tamir, TT and Techane, MA and Workneh, BS and Mekonen, EG and Ali, MS and Zegeye, AF and Wassie, M and Kassie, AT and Tsega, SS and Wassie, YA and Tekeba, B and Ahmed, MA}, title = {Practice and associated factors of Covid-19 prevention among health professionals in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {18462}, pmid = {40425603}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; *Health Personnel ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; }, abstract = {Health professionals (HPs) who work on the front lines are more likely to contract COVID-19.Healthmanners of HPs impact control and prevention activities employed in answer to the contagion crisis. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the pooled level of practice and associated factors toward COVID-19 prevention among HPs in Ethiopia. PubMed, Scoups, Web of Science, Google Scholar (search engine), Google Advance, and Cochrane Library were searched from December 20, 2023 -January 30, 2024. Data was dugout using Microsoft Excel (version 10) and analysis was computed using STATA version 11. Funnel plot and quantitatively further through Egger's regression test, with P < 0.05 was used to check publication bias. I[2] statistics were used to check the heterogeneity of the studies. Pooled analysis was used using a weighted inverse variance random-effects model. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on publication year and region. Meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were used. Eighteen studies with 7,775 Health professionals were included in the review process. Among them, 57.03% (95% CI; 48.41, 65.65%) of HPs practice correctly. Although the risk factors reported were inconsistent between studies, access to infection prevention training (IP) (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI 1.54, 2.08), good knowledge (AOR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.38, 2.66), MSc degree and above (AOR = 3.53; 95% CI 2.64, 4.71), and positive attitude (AOR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.50, 3.19) were significant predictors of good practice. Nearly 43% of health professionals had poor practice. Good knowledge, positive attitude, level of education, and infection prevention training were the main determinants of good practice. The responsible authorities do emphases to halt barriers and improving the zero infection principles of health professionals during the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40424828, year = {2025}, author = {Li, L and Shi, X and Wang, R and Fan, Y and Xu, Z and Mirzaei, H and Wei, W}, title = {Cardiovascular impact of emerging and Re-emerging Viruses: Pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, and management with a pediatric focus.}, journal = {Molecular aspects of medicine}, volume = {104}, number = {}, pages = {101371}, doi = {10.1016/j.mam.2025.101371}, pmid = {40424828}, issn = {1872-9452}, abstract = {Emerging and re-emerging viruses are currently known as a major public health issue. These viruses can cause various human complications such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), both in adults and pediatric populations. Although various CVDs have been previously reported for emerging and re-emerging viruses, the mechanisms underlying these complications remain relatively unknown. Children and infants, while commonly developing less severe symptoms, may experience notable cardiovascular manifestations during infections caused by emerging and re-emerging viral infections, which can result in both acute and long-term complications. The present review aims to discuss various cardiovascular complications linked to emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens (including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV)) such as arrhythmias, myocarditis, vascular disorders, and thromboembolic conditions, particularly among the pediatric population. This review also addresses the potential mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2, DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV may impact the cardiovascular system and their clinical implications. Moreover, it discusses the diagnostic challenges for viral-caused cardiovascular disorders in children, owing to their common subtle or atypical manifestations. Finally, it addresses the present therapeutic specifically used for pediatric cases.}, }
@article {pmid40423359, year = {2025}, author = {Ochola, R}, title = {The Case for Genomic Surveillance in Africa.}, journal = {Tropical medicine and infectious disease}, volume = {10}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40423359}, issn = {2414-6366}, abstract = {Sub-Saharan Africa has made remarkable strides in genomic surveillance, with more than 50% of countries now equipped with an in-country sequencing capacity and 98% actively contributing data to public genomic repositories. Catalyzed by the momentum of the COVID-19 pandemic, these advancements have extended far beyond SARS-CoV-2 to address a broader spectrum of public health threats, including antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and other emerging infectious diseases. This review explores these transformative achievements, identifies remaining gaps, and outlines strategic priorities for embedding genomics into the continent's health systems. With a focus on sustainability, equity, and cross-sector collaboration, it positions Africa as a driver of global innovation in pathogen surveillance, uniquely leveraging its genetic and epidemiological diversity.}, }
@article {pmid40423350, year = {2025}, author = {Leung, V and Ritchie, G and Stefanovic, A and Lee, C and Chorlton, S and Matic, N and Romney, MG and Hayden, A and Lowe, CF}, title = {An Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella flexneri Serotype 2a Among People Experiencing Homelessness in Vancouver.}, journal = {Tropical medicine and infectious disease}, volume = {10}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40423350}, issn = {2414-6366}, abstract = {Background: We describe a community-based outbreak of multidrug-resistant Shigella flexneri serotype 2a among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this observational cohort study, we followed the Outbreak Reports and Intervention Studies of Nosocomial Infection (ORION) reporting guidelines. We identified cases by laboratory surveillance and collected demographic and clinical data from the medical charts or patient interviews. We implemented enhanced surveillance and disseminated testing and management guidelines. Shigella flexneri isolates were serotyped, and whole-genome sequencing was performed. Results: We identified 101 confirmed cases of Shigella flexneri 2a (80% male; median age 43) between 31 January and 16 December 2021. All the affected individuals experienced homelessness, and substance use disorder was the most common comorbidity (88%). Five patients required ICU hospitalization, and one death occurred within 30 days. Core-genome multilocus sequence typing analysis confirmed a clonal outbreak. All S. flexneri isolates were phenotypically and genotypically multidrug-resistant. Conclusions: COVID-19 exacerbated longstanding public health concerns around the dearth of hygiene and sanitation resources available to PEH. Preventing similar outbreaks will require addressing these risks and finding solutions to the crisis of homelessness in Canada.}, }
@article {pmid40422702, year = {2025}, author = {Landré, V and Klingebiel, FK and van Niftrik, CHB and Goetze, E and Speck, RF and Hübner, CT and Pape, HC and Schäfer, FP}, title = {Mucormycosis Caused by Apophysomyces elegans-A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Cases of the Genus Apophysomyces.}, journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40422702}, issn = {2309-608X}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Orbitocerebral mucormycosis, caused by Apophysomyces, is a rare infection, usually occurring in tropical and subtropical climates, with a high mortality rate. We report a case of orbitocerebral mucormycosis caused by A. elegans in a person living with HIV (PLWHIV) from Africa alongside a systematic literature review updating current diagnostic and treatment strategies for orbitocerebral mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces.<br><br>METHODS: The presented case was treated in our hospital for polytrauma following a motor vehicle accident (MVA) with aggressive surgical debridement and therapy with liposomal Amphotericin B (AMB). We evaluated clinical presentation, imaging, surgery, and postoperative outcomes. A systematic review of English or German language articles (published between 1985 and 2025) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Articles describing patients with mucormycosis due to Apophysomyces were summarized. Quantitative values for relevant parameters that indicated a reduction in mortality and morbidity were obtained.<br><br>RESULTS: The systematic search initially identified 452 publications, from which 79 studies were retrieved. Seventeen publications comprising 21 cases were included, along with one additional case from our institution, for a total of 22 rhino-orbito-cerebral infections caused by the genus Apophysomyces. Apophysomyces elegans (A. elegans) was the most frequently isolated species (n = 17), followed by A. variabilis (n = 4) and A. ossiformis (n = 1); A. trapeziformis was not reported. The majority of patients were male (72.7%), with a mean age of 40.7 &#xb1; 15.9 years. Trauma (27.3%) and diabetes mellitus (18.2%) were the most common underlying risk factors, with SARS-CoV-2 infection identified in 13.6% of cases.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Mucormycosis due to Apophysomyces is a rare but potentially devastating condition. Based on our experience and the literature, we suggest that the early diagnosis of Apophysomyces treated with liposomal AMB and aggressive surgical debridement is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.}, }
@article {pmid40422292, year = {2025}, author = {Neto, GEF and Prudente, GD and de Oliveira, HL and de Lima, KBA and da Silva Menezes Junior, A}, title = {Telerehabilitation as an innovative strategy for the management of anxiety and dyspnea in post-COVID-19: A scoping review.}, journal = {PM &amp; R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/pmrj.13403}, pmid = {40422292}, issn = {1934-1563}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges for everyone, especially for patients with persistent sequelae, driving interest in telerehabilitation as an alternative treatment. Additional evidence may be useful to better assess its efficacy and applicability in managing post-COVID-19 symptoms. This study aimed to enhance the understanding of telerehabilitation in the post-COVID-19 context, facilitating its integration into clinical settings and patient management. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, we reviewed PubMed, Excerpta Medica, and Scopus databases until January 2024. The study included primary and secondary research evaluating the benefits and drawbacks of telerehabilitation for patients with persistent COVID sequelae. This review analyzed 19 studies on telerehabilitation for long-term COVID-19 patients. Key findings included the comparison between hospital-based and telerehabilitation and synchronous versus asynchronous telerehabilitation. The main sequelae addressed were dyspnea, quality of life, and anxiety. Limitations, particularly regarding costs, were also examined. Telerehabilitation provides psychological and social support, which is essential for managing post-COVID-19. Despite initial costs, long-term benefits include reduced anxiety and improved quality of life. More long-term research is needed to better understand the limitations and potential implications of telerehabilitation for integration into post-COVID-19 care to optimize outcomes and provide continuous support to patients and caregivers during recovery.}, }
@article {pmid40420966, year = {2025}, author = {Muodiaju, JC and Madu, CS}, title = {Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA)-Based Universal Vaccines: Engineering Broad-Spectrum Immunity Against Future Pandemics.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {e84821}, pmid = {40420966}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The rapid emergence and evolution of infectious pathogens, including the COVID-19 pandemic and recurring influenza outbreaks, underscore the need for universal vaccines capable of providing broad-spectrum immunity. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine technology has emerged as a transformative platform due to its rapid development, high immunogenicity, and adaptability to new variants. Unlike conventional vaccines, which rely on weakened or inactivated pathogens, mRNA vaccines instruct host cells to produce antigens that elicit robust immune responses. This paper explores the design principles, mechanisms of action, and advancements in mRNA-based universal vaccines, emphasizing their potential against influenza, coronaviruses, and antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. We discuss innovations such as self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA), nanoparticle-based delivery systems, and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven antigen selection. Additionally, challenges such as antigenic variability, immune evasion, stability issues, and global distribution barriers are addressed. With continued research and development, mRNA-based universal vaccines could play a critical role in pandemic preparedness and global health security.}, }
@article {pmid40420959, year = {2025}, author = {Okusanya, BO and Gadanya, M and Nlemadim, A and Adaramoye, V and Akeju, DO and Ehiri, J and Meremiku, MM}, title = {Systematic review of surface disinfection: Spraying versus wiping for COVID-19 prevention.}, journal = {Journal of public health in Africa}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {597}, pmid = {40420959}, issn = {2038-9922}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Within countries, community spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) propagated the infection despite the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions.<br><br>AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of disinfecting surfaces and materials in the community by spraying compared with wiping (mechanical cleaning) or nothing for SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention.<br><br>SETTING: This research was conducted in a global context.<br><br>METHOD: We searched six databases for eligible studies from 01 January 2020 to 06 September 2022. Spraying disinfectants was the intervention, while wiping or nothing was the comparison. Review outcomes include SARS-CoV-2 infection, the incidence of adverse effects and operator satisfaction. The review was registered on Prospero: CRD42022356276.<br><br>RESULTS: We found no studies that compared spraying with wiping or had human participants. Three studies with indirect evidence, published between 2021 and 2022 in Japan, South Korea and Spain, were included. Dry fog spraying of 8 700 parts per million (ppm) of hypochlorous acid solution or 56 400 ppm of hydrogen peroxide solution reduced the infectious viral titre. Wiping with 1000 ppm of sodium hypochlorite for 1 min completely reduces SARS-CoV-2 viruses on stainless steel. Also, wiping with 500 ppm of bleach for 5 min completely reduces the virus on kraft paper and polypropylene. No viruses were detected on any surface after wiping with 1000 ppm of bleach for 5 min.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review provides basic scientific evidence that either spraying disinfectants as dry fog or wiping has some disinfectant effects on surfaces and materials.<br><br>CONTRIBUTION: Although the review included no human studies, both methods of disinfection can be practiced in the community for SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention.}, }
@article {pmid40420061, year = {2025}, author = {Eslami, A and Allami, P and KamaliZonouzi, S and Ravanbakhsh, M and Razi, S and Yazdanpanah, N and Rezaei, N}, title = {Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder during the COVID-19 lockdown in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review.}, journal = {BMC psychiatry}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {546}, pmid = {40420061}, issn = {1471-244X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Arthritis, Rheumatoid/psychology/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/psychology ; *Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/psychology/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; *Anxiety/epidemiology ; *Depression/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdown measures had a profound impact on mental health, particularly among individuals with chronic illnesses. Patients with autoimmune arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are already at increased risk for psychological disorders due to the chronic nature of their disease, physical disability, and long-term medication use. The added stress of the pandemic, including fear of infection, limited access to healthcare, and social isolation, may have further exacerbated mental health issues in this population. This systematic review aims to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among individuals with autoimmune arthritis during the pandemic. A comprehensive search of major medical databases identified 18 relevant studies, encompassing 9,666 participants from various geographic regions. By synthesizing findings across diverse populations, this review examines the extent of the mental health burden in this vulnerable group and highlights the importance of mental health support during public health crises. Understanding these impacts can help guide future research and inform healthcare policies to better support autoimmune arthritis patients in times of crisis.}, }
@article {pmid40419326, year = {2025}, author = {Belmonte, M and Albiero, A and Callewaert, F and Patris, J and Whittal, A}, title = {Understanding supply sustainability of plasma-derived medicinal products: Drivers and consequences of shortages.}, journal = {Vox sanguinis}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/vox.70052}, pmid = {40419326}, issn = {1423-0410}, support = {//argenx/ ; }, abstract = {Plasma-derived medicinal products (PDMPs), particularly immunoglobulins (Igs), are essential treatments for numerous diseases, often serving as the primary therapeutic option and playing a critical role in patient care. The human origin of these products, however, can lead to supply constraints due to a lack of plasma collection, market dynamics, regulatory challenges and manufacturing complexities. Many nations lack plasma self-sufficiency and often rely on the United States, which supplies approximately 70% of the world's plasma. This supply chain is vulnerable to disruptions, such as those caused by COVID-19. Additionally, plasma processing timelines are lengthy-Ig manufacturing takes 7-12 months compared with 2-3 months for biologics. Despite the global Ig market's projected growth from $13.36 billion to $24.98 billion between 2023 and 2032, plasma shortages persist. The European Medicines Agency anticipated shortages to affect 14 European countries in 2024. These factors can have significant implications for patients, with growing demand likely leading to supply challenges and forcing countries to prioritize certain indications in the face of shortages. Policy interventions may be needed to ensure the sustainable use of these products in treating immune-mediated disorders and related conditions. Exploring alternative treatments where possible could also mitigate the risk of shortages and maintain access to these life-saving therapies. This review examines the sustainability of PDMPs, focusing on drivers and consequences of shortages, insufficient plasma collection, vulnerability of the plasma supply chain and impacts on patients. A scoping literature research was conducted in PubMed, supplemented by internal knowledge and targeted web searches.}, }
@article {pmid40419200, year = {2025}, author = {Bhat, AA and Singh, I and Farid, A and Wani, AW and Khanday, F and Wani, AK and Shah, N and Hassan, A and Kabrah, A and Qusty, NF and Babalghith, AO and Alghamdi, S}, title = {Repositioning Antivirals Against COVID-19: Synthetic Pathways, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Insights.}, journal = {Microbial pathogenesis}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {107724}, doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107724}, pmid = {40419200}, issn = {1096-1208}, abstract = {The pandemic of COVID-19 has ignited a global race to locate effective therapies with drug repositioning emerging as a leading strategy due to its cost-effectiveness and established safety profiles. Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Chloroquine have been the focus of rigorous clinical trials to determine their therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2. This article delves into the innovative synthetic strategies behind these drugs, providing a blueprint for researchers navigating the complex landscape of antiviral development. Beyond synthesis, we explore the fascinating mechanisms of action: hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine elevate lysosomal pH to impede autophagy and viral replication; favipiravir, a nucleoside analogue, induces lethal mutagenesis or RNA chain termination and remdesivir disrupts viral RNA synthesis through delayed chain termination. By merging synthetic methodologies with mechanistic insights, this article offers a comprehensive resource aimed at accelerating the development of potent COVID-19 therapies and underscores the crucial part that chemistry in addressing global health emergencies. It also underscores the vital function of chemistry in addressing global health emergencies and highlights how innovative drug design and repurposing can provide rapid responses to emerging infectious diseases. This fusion of chemistry and virology not only advances our understanding of drug action but also paves the way for the discovery of new therapeutic agents crucial in future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid40418749, year = {2025}, author = {Rumfelt, KE and Englund, JA and Kachikis, A}, title = {The burden, pathogenesis, clinical outcomes, and treatment of common respiratory virus infections during pregnancy.}, journal = {Women's health (London, England)}, volume = {21}, number = {}, pages = {17455057251338501}, pmid = {40418749}, issn = {1745-5065}, support = {K23 AI153390/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/virology/therapy ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/virology/therapy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pregnancy Outcome ; }, abstract = {Respiratory illnesses due to respiratory virus infections disproportionately impact pregnant individuals and their infants, leading to significant morbidity and mortality globally. Data describing the incidence and impact of these infections in pregnancy is sparse and more common for influenza and now severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with less data available on other respiratory virus infections in pregnancy. This lack of data is a result of limited prospective surveillance and issues surrounding the calculations of seroprevalence, as well as disproportionately low funding for reproductive health research. In this review article, we aimed to summarize available data on respiratory virus infections in pregnancy and identify gaps in the published literature.}, }
@article {pmid40418682, year = {2025}, author = {Alkharaan, H}, title = {Infectious and Immunological Links Between Periodontitis and COVID-19: A Review.}, journal = {Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research}, volume = {31}, number = {}, pages = {e948069}, doi = {10.12659/MSM.948069}, pmid = {40418682}, issn = {1643-3750}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications/virology ; *Periodontitis/immunology/complications/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology/metabolism ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Inflammation/immunology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; }, abstract = {Emerging evidence suggests a potential association between periodontitis and adverse outcomes in COVID-19. Both conditions share risk factors and exhibit similar immune dysregulation, including elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, altered myeloid compartments, and T-cell dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 membrane proteins, highly expressed in the oral cavity, for cellular entry. Periodontitis may exacerbate COVID-19 through mechanisms such as oral microbe aspiration, increased viral receptor expression, and systemic inflammation. The shared immunopathogenesis, characterized by cytokine storms and perturbed immune profiles, suggests periodontitis can predispose patients to more severe COVID-19 outcomes. This article aims to review the associations between periodontitis and the severity of COVID-19 and the possible immune mechanisms involved.}, }
@article {pmid40418574, year = {2025}, author = {Osimitz, TG and Droege, W}, title = {Perspectives on safety of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs).}, journal = {Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-26}, doi = {10.1080/10937404.2025.2503784}, pmid = {40418574}, issn = {1521-6950}, abstract = {Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used to kill pathogenic microbes (including COVID-19), providing a substantial public health benefit. This review is an update to our previous publications that summarized and interpreted the current knowledge of the safety of the two most widely used QACs, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC). A literature search was conducted for studies published since 2000 that addressed possible toxicity of ADBAC and DDAC as well as investigations into human exposure. The current database of high-quality animal toxicology studies with ADBAC/DDAC showed that adverse cellular changes are limited to effects at the point of contact. (1) Non-guideline animal toxicology investigations, (2) studies of the effect of QACs on subcellular functions, and (3) the sole report of systemic effects in humans might not be informative for human health risk assessment. Because of their widespread use, human exposure to QACs is frequent. Various reports measured QACs in media in the home and workplaces. Risk calculations performed based upon these exposure estimates performed as part of this review demonstrated that none of the exposure scenarios examined are predicted to pose adverse health risks to exposed individuals.}, }
@article {pmid40418545, year = {2025}, author = {Varikasuvu, SR and Manne, M and Kumar, S and Mudgal, SK and Raj, V and Varshney, S and Gupta, P and Grover, A and Goyal, C and Lal, V and Singh, H and Lisa, M and Saransh Workshop Members, }, title = {COVID-19 clinical outcomes and N-acetylcysteine (CoViNAC study): a GRADE compliant meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies with Mpro of SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)}, volume = {71}, number = {5}, pages = {95-102}, doi = {10.14715/cmb/2025.71.5.13}, pmid = {40418545}, issn = {1165-158X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; *SARS-CoV-2/enzymology/drug effects ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *Coronavirus 3C Proteases/metabolism/chemistry ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; COVID-19/mortality/virology ; Treatment Outcome ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been proposed as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19, but evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated NAC's efficacy in improving mortality and recovery/discharge rates. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDMS) studies were conducted to assess NAC's interaction with the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), a key enzyme for viral replication. A systematic search identified 12 RCTs, with 11 trials (1125 patients) included in the mortality analysis. NAC significantly reduced mortality (RR=0.59, 95% CI 0.39-0.88, p=0.01; I[2]=62%), indicating a 41% decreased risk of death. Six RCTs (656 patients) showed improved recovery/discharge rates (RR=1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.14, p=0.003; I[2]=0%). MDMS studies demonstrated stable NAC binding at the Mpro catalytic site, interacting with His41 and Cys145, crucial for enzymatic activity. These findings suggest NAC significantly improves clinical outcomes in COVID-19 and may inhibit viral replication by targeting Mpro. This integrated evidence substantiates NAC's potential as a critical adjuvant therapy.}, }
@article {pmid40418401, year = {2025}, author = {Zou, H and Wang, Y and Luo, G and Huang, S}, title = {The biomechanical phenomena observed in the cell invasion pathway of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: a review.}, journal = {Archives of virology}, volume = {170}, number = {7}, pages = {139}, pmid = {40418401}, issn = {1432-8798}, support = {cqsx2021001//Chongqing Three Gouges Vocational College/ ; KJQN202203513//Chongqing Municipal Education Commission/ ; }, mesh = {*Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/physiology ; Animals ; Swine ; *Virus Internalization ; Endocytosis ; *Swine Diseases/virology ; *Coronavirus Infections/virology/veterinary ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Membrane/virology ; }, abstract = {Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the primary pathogen responsible for highly contagious intestinal infections in pigs, which results in significant economic losses to the global animal husbandry industry. PEDV is an enveloped virus that enters cells via endocytosis, a process that is dependent on the binding of the viral surface S protein to a receptor on the host cell membrane. This results in a series of biomechanical alterations that drive the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. These alterations stabilise the binding of the virus to the receptor and also affect the tension and the curvature of the plasma membrane and the formation of endocytic vesicles. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism by which PEDV enters cells and the biomechanical changes that accompany this process is of paramount importance for the development of PEDV inhibitors, vaccines, and disease prevention and control strategies. Here, we review the general mechanism of PEDV entry, the biomechanical phenomena that occur during endocytosis, and the potential applications of biomechanics in antiviral therapy. It is anticipated that by gaining insight into these mechanisms, novel approaches to regulating viral entry pathways through mechanical interference, vaccine development, and antiviral drug design can be explored.}, }
@article {pmid40418273, year = {2025}, author = {Caldwell, JM and Espinosa, CM and Banerjee, R and Domachowske, JB}, title = {Rapid diagnosis of acute pediatric respiratory infections with Point-of-Care and multiplex molecular testing.}, journal = {Infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40418273}, issn = {1439-0973}, abstract = {Acute infections of the respiratory tract are very common in pediatric patients, with an estimated global incidence of 17.2 billion cases in 2019. Accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory infections can prevent progression to more serious pathologies, especially in the young, elderly, immunocompromised, and other high-risk groups. Due to the significant increase in the number of multiplex molecular tests available, there are now many diagnostic options which generate results within minutes or hours, many of which can be performed at point-of-care or near-patient rather than being sent out to a centralized laboratory. Rapid molecular single- or multiplex testing conducted at point-of-care or near-patient offers the potential to improve timely and accurate diagnosis, decrease inappropriate antibiotic use, decrease reliance on chest radiographs, improve timely antiviral administration, reduce the length of hospital stay, reduce the number of clinical visits, and, ultimately, improve patient outcomes. Optimal use of user-friendly multiplex molecular panels also has the potential to improve regional and global disease surveillance and to fill gaps that exist in our understanding of the epidemiology of respiratory infections. These potential benefits, however, come with limitations. For example, use of multiplex PCR assays is not always a cost effective approach. Despite their potential, there are clinical and/or laboratory circumstances where their use becomes cost prohibitive. Another recognized limitation of multiplex PCR assays is that the pathogen detected may not be the cause of a patient's current symptom complex. Such false positive results may occur because the assays are designed to detect pathogen-specific nucleic acid (which may be residual from a prior illness), rather than replication competent pathogens, or because some pathogens can be present without causing symptomatic infection. Further study is needed to determine optimal use of these tests across different patient groups and settings. Incorporating recommendations for best practice use of multiplex molecular assays into clinical guidelines helps offer a framework for their most appropriate use in the diagnosis of pediatric acute respiratory infections.}, }
@article {pmid40416841, year = {2025}, author = {Mahendran, R and Ju, K and Yang, Z and Gao, Y and Huang, W and Yu, W and Liu, Y and Hundessa, S and Yu, P and Xu, R and Zhang, L and Li, S and Guo, Y}, title = {Wildfire-Related Air Pollution and Infectious Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {ACS environmental Au}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {253-266}, pmid = {40416841}, issn = {2694-2518}, abstract = {Amid the global rise in wildfire events, the health impacts of wildfire-related air pollution are increasingly scrutinized. While numerous reviews have examined the link between air pollution and infectious diseases, reviews specifically focusing on wildfire-related air pollution and infectious diseases remain scarce. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science databases up to December 31, 2023, using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews &amp; Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Search terms included synonyms of wildfire and infectious diseases. Peer-reviewed epidemiological studies that reported any association or trend between wildfire air pollution and infectious diseases were selected against eligibility criteria. Risk of bias and quality of included studies were assessed using modified risk of bias and quality assessment tools. Our review included 30 studies, predominantly from developed countries including the United States (USA), Australia, and Canada. Most focused on respiratory infectious diseases (n = 29), including 9 specifically on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The majority examined short-term wildfire air pollution (n = 27) (exposure of one month or less). Twenty-three studies reported effect estimates for the meta-analysis. We found that a 10 μg/m[3] increase in short-term wildfire PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometer of less) exposure was associated with a 15% increase in COVID-19 infections (relative risk [RR] = 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.21; heterogeneity (I [2]): 83%), a 3% increase in respiratory diseases (RR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.05; I [2]: 0%) and a 3% increase in acute upper respiratory infection combined with acute bronchitis (RR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02-1.05; I [2]: 62%). Medium-term exposure (more than a month but less than a year) to wildfire smoke was associated with 20% rising hospitalization for systemic fungal infections like coccidioidomycosis (95% CI: 5-38%). The current research exclusively examines respiratory infections in developed countries. Future high-quality primary studies should prioritize understanding the impact of wildfire-related air pollution on various infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40416618, year = {2025}, author = {Eltayeb, A and Adilović, M and Golzardi, M and Hromić-Jahjefendić, A and Rubio-Casillas, A and Uversky, VN and Redwan, EM}, title = {Intrinsic factors behind long COVID: exploring the role of nucleocapsid protein in thrombosis.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {e19429}, pmid = {40416618}, issn = {2167-8359}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Thrombosis/virology/metabolism/etiology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/metabolism ; }, abstract = {COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, poses significant global health challenges. A key player in its pathogenesis is the nucleocapsid protein (NP), which is crucial for viral replication and assembly. While NPs from other coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, are known to increase inflammation and cause acute lung injury, the specific effects of the SARS-CoV-2 NP on host cells remain largely unexplored. Recent findings suggest that the NP acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that binds to Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), activating NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways. This activation is particularly pronounced in severe COVID-19 cases, leading to elevated levels of soluble ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), which contribute to endothelial dysfunction and multiorgan damage. Furthermore, the NP is implicated in hyperinflammation and thrombosis-key factors in COVID-19 severity and long COVID. Its potential to bind with MASP-2 (mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2) may also be linked to persistent symptoms in long COVID patients. Understanding these mechanisms, particularly the role of the NP in thrombosis, is essential for developing targeted therapies to manage both acute and chronic effects of COVID-19 effectively. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the multifaceted roles of the NP, highlighting its contributions to viral pathogenesis, immune evasion, and the exacerbation of thrombotic events, thereby providing insights into potential therapeutic targets for mitigating the severe and long-term impacts of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40416616, year = {2025}, author = {Xue, L and Qi, Y and Zou, Y}, title = {Short-term safety and efficacy of aspirin in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {e19466}, pmid = {40416616}, issn = {2167-8359}, mesh = {Humans ; *Aspirin/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19/mortality/complications ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Thrombosis/prevention &amp; control ; Treatment Outcome ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Coagulation activation and inflammatory derangements are key characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Aspirin therapy in patients with COVID-19 remains uncertain due to conflicting evidence regarding its ability to balance anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic benefits against potential bleeding risks in the context of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. This study aimed to compare the clinical safety and efficacy of aspirin in patients with COVID-19 in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).<br><br>METHODS: In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for RCTs from database inception to January 13, 2023. Data were independently extracted and screened by two authors using structured data collection forms based on published reports. Results were calculated using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with the Mantel-Haenszel method. Quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The main outcomes were short-term all-cause mortality, bleeding events and any thrombosis events. This meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 922 studies were identified. Finally, six RCTs with low risk of bias were pooled in the analysis. The results showed that aspirin use was not associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.88-1.03], I[2] = 0%) or the risk of any thrombosis (RR 0.88, 95% CI [0.77-1.01], I[2] = 0%), but aspirin use was associated with a higher risk of bleeding (OR 1.72, 95% CI [1.32-2.24], I[2] = 0%). No obvious risk of bias was found among the included RCTs for the primary outcome.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Routine low-dose aspirin use does not reduce the risk of short-term mortality and risk of any thrombosis but increases the risk of bleeding. The data does not support the use of low-dose aspirin in patients with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40416015, year = {2025}, author = {Harabuchi, Y and Kumai, T and Nishi, K and Tanaka, A and Hotta, O and Hagino, H and Kusuyama, T and Mogitate, M and Ohno, Y and Sakakibara, A and Araki, S and Nishida, Y and Shintani, T and Takezawa, H and Ito, H and Komazawa, D and Nishiwaki, N and Toritani, R and Hirahata, K and Marumo, S}, title = {Retracted: Chronic Epipharyngitis Treated with Epipharyngeal Abrasion Therapy: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Outcomes.}, journal = {JMA journal}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {371-384}, pmid = {40416015}, issn = {2433-3298}, abstract = {Chronic epipharyngitis is associated with a wide variety of symptoms, including local symptoms such as postnasal drip, sore throat, lump sensation of the pharynx, headache, chronic cough, nasal obstruction, tinnitus/ear fullness, chronic phlegm and dysphonia due to inflammation of the epipharynx, functional somatic symptoms such as chronic fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, brain fog, abdominal discomfort, and depression caused by dysfunction of the hypothalamus-limbic system via disturbances of vagal response and cerebrospinal fluid outflow, and distant organ symptoms such as immunoglobulin A nephropathy and palmoplantar pustulosis caused by the epipharyngeal lymphoid tissue as an etiologic organ. In the past, chronic inflammation in the epipharynx was difficult to prove by gross findings, now, direct observation of the epipharyngeal inflammation by endoscopy has become easier for the diagnosis. For the treatment of chronic epipharyngitis, epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT), epipharyngeal application of a 1% zinc chloride solution intranasally or orally was popular since the 1960s, recently, endoscopic EAT (E-EAT), in which epipharynx is safely and accurately observed and abraded under clear vision using an endoscope, has been developed. The mechanisms of EAT effects can be classified into anti-inflammatory/antiviral effect, bloodletting effect, and vagus nerve stimulation effect. Recently, the effectiveness of EAT for post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), known as long COVID, has come into the limelight, and the number of patients for whom EAT is expected to increase. In 2019, the Japan Society of Stomato-pharyngology established the EAT Review Committee to accumulate evidence on the efficacy of EAT and to establish indications and techniques for its use. In this article, the EAT Review Committee outlines its symptoms, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of chronic epipharyngitis, technique of E-EAT, mechanisms of EAT effects, past reports for the efficacy of EAT, and a multicenter prospective study.}, }
@article {pmid40415711, year = {2025}, author = {Schürmann, PJL and van Breda Vriesman, SPE and Castro-Alpízar, JA and Kooijmans, SAA and Nieuwenhuis, EES and Schiffelers, RM and Fuchs, SA}, title = {Therapeutic Application of mRNA for Genetic Diseases.}, journal = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {e70019}, pmid = {40415711}, issn = {1939-0041}, support = {10104161//European Research Council, ERC-2021-STG PRIME/ ; //Stichting Metakids, mRNA-research/ ; //Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, KNAW Ammodo Science Award for Groundbreaking Research 2022/ ; 09150182310045//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWA-ORC Research along Routes by Consortia, Netherlands Science Agenda - Research along Routes/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Genetic Therapy/methods ; *RNA, Messenger/genetics/therapeutic use ; *Genetic Diseases, Inborn/therapy/genetics ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Animals ; Gene Editing ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; }, abstract = {While gene therapy has been at the center of an active research field for decades, messenger RNA (mRNA) has long been considered unsuited for therapeutic application due to challenges with stability, immunogenicity, and delivery. Where gene therapy focuses on providing the desired genetic code, mRNA can directly provide the instructions encoded in the corresponding gene. This review aims to explore recent advances in mRNA therapies, building on the success of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, and extend these insights to the potential treatment of rare genetic diseases. We follow the "outside-in" trajectory of mRNA therapies from administration to intracellular function, focusing on carrier systems such as lipid nanoparticles and virus-like particles, mRNA modifications, and the potential and challenges for clinical applications. To treat rare diseases, different approaches can be envisioned, including chronic or acute delivery of mRNAs encoding functional enzymes for enzyme deficiencies and delivery of CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing tools for gene correction. These different approaches determine safety and immunological considerations. By exploring genetic, technical, and therapeutic aspects, this review highlights the potential and current challenges of mRNA therapies to address the large unmet needs in rare genetic disorders.}, }
@article {pmid40415355, year = {2025}, author = {Focosi, D and Alfonsi, T and Bernasconi, A}, title = {Is SARS-CoV-2 Spike Evolution Being Retargeted at the N-Terminal Domain?.}, journal = {Discovery medicine}, volume = {37}, number = {196}, pages = {801-807}, doi = {10.24976/Discov.Med.202537196.70}, pmid = {40415355}, issn = {1944-7930}, mesh = {*Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics/immunology/chemistry ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; *COVID-19/virology/immunology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Protein Domains ; Mutation ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; }, abstract = {Since 2020, most of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolution has been focused on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the Spike protein. Nevertheless, the N-terminal domain (NTD) of Spike has been shown to represent the target for neutralizing antibodies, and accordingly, NTD mutations are relevant for immune escape. In 2024, after the introduction of the BA.2.86 saltation variant (heavily mutated at the NTD antigenic supersite), its descendant JN.1 has further explored NTD evolution in its progeny, largely focused on positions 22, 31, 59 and 60. In this review, we explore such convergent evolution in detail and hypothesize the underlying mechanisms.}, }
@article {pmid40415285, year = {2025}, author = {Eltayeb, A and Rubio-Casillas, A and Uversky, VN and Redwan, EM}, title = {Intrinsic Factors Behind Long COVID: VI. Combined Impact of G3BPs and SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein on the Viral Persistence and Long COVID.}, journal = {Journal of cellular biochemistry}, volume = {126}, number = {5}, pages = {e70038}, doi = {10.1002/jcb.70038}, pmid = {40415285}, issn = {1097-4644}, support = {//The authors received no specific funding for this work./ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/virology/metabolism/immunology/pathology ; *SARS-CoV-2/metabolism/physiology ; *Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/metabolism ; *RNA Recognition Motif Proteins/metabolism/immunology ; *Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/metabolism/immunology ; *DNA Helicases/metabolism ; *Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; *RNA Helicases/metabolism ; Virus Replication ; Stress Granules/metabolism/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; }, abstract = {The efficient transmission of SARS-CoV-2 caused the COVID-19 pandemic, which affected millions of people around the globe. Despite extensive efforts, specific therapeutic interventions and preventive measures against COVID-19 and its consequences, such as long COVID, have not yet been identified due to the lack of a comprehensive knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 biology. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the sophisticated strategies employed by SARS-CoV-2 to bypass the host antiviral defense systems is needed. One of these strategies is the inhibition of the Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein (GAP SH3-binding protein or G3BP)-dependent host immune response by the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. This inhibition disrupts the formation of stress granules (SGs), which are crucial for antiviral defense. By preventing SG formation, the virus enhances its replication and evades the host's immune response, leading to increased disease severity. Given the involvement of G3BP1 in SG formation and its ability to interact with viral proteins, along with the crucial role of the N protein in the replication of the virus, we hypothesize that these proteins may have a potential role in the pathogenesis of long COVID. Despite the current lack of direct evidence linking these proteins to long COVID, their interactions and functions suggest a possible connection that warrants further investigation.}, }
@article {pmid40415212, year = {2025}, author = {Moirangthem, R and Bar-On, Y}, title = {Passive Immunization in the Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections.}, journal = {European journal of immunology}, volume = {55}, number = {5}, pages = {e202451606}, pmid = {40415212}, issn = {1521-4141}, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunization, Passive/methods ; *COVID-19/immunology/therapy/prevention &amp; control ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/immunology/therapy/prevention &amp; control ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology ; Animals ; *Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use/immunology ; HIV-1/immunology ; }, abstract = {The basic concepts of passive immunization and the potential of antibody therapy to confer immunity against infectious diseases were introduced already in the late 19th century. This approach was also later implemented to extensively treat and prevent infections, but with the development of effective vaccines, it became restricted to only a few medical conditions such as snake bites, neutralization of toxins, and prevention of rabies infection. This has dramatically changed in the last decade, as antibodies have been widely used in the clinic for the treatment of COVID-19 and the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. A stepping-stone for the progress in monoclonal antibody generation was the development of single-cell antibody cloning techniques that made it possible to develop effective neutralizing antibodies against highly mutable viruses such as influenza virus and HIV-1. Here, we review the use of passive immunotherapy in the clinic for treating and controlling SARS-CoV-2 and RSV infections. We further discuss key developments that have made it possible to use monoclonal antibodies against the highly mutable HIV-1 and influenza virus and advanced clinical trials designed to evaluate the efficacy of such an approach. Finally, we present recent findings that demonstrate that passive immunization can elicit long-term immunity in the host.}, }
@article {pmid40359339, year = {2025}, author = {Mirkin, CA and Langer, R and Mrksich, M and Margolin, AA and Petrosko, SH and Artzi, N}, title = {Blueprints for Better Drugs: The Structural Revolution in Nanomedicine.}, journal = {ACS nano}, volume = {19}, number = {20}, pages = {18889-18901}, doi = {10.1021/acsnano.5c06380}, pmid = {40359339}, issn = {1936-086X}, mesh = {*Nanomedicine/methods ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/chemistry ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Drug Delivery Systems ; }, abstract = {Structural nanomedicines are engineered constructs that arrange therapeutic components into well-defined architectures to maximize efficacy. Their multivalent, multifunctional design offers key advantages over unstructured formulations, including targeted delivery, expanded therapeutic windows, and enhanced target engagement. The mRNA COVID-19 vaccines exemplify their transformative potential. However, structural precision varies, and more well-defined architectures will streamline optimization, manufacturing, and regulation. Unlike small molecule drugs, nanomedicines within a batch are not identical. Identifying the most effective, least toxic structures will advance our understanding of structure-function relationships and therapeutic mechanisms. This work highlights structural nanomedicines─small molecules, nucleic acids, and biologics─to galvanize the field and drive innovation toward even safer, more effective treatments that benefit patients.}, }
@article {pmid40314667, year = {2025}, author = {Gannamaneni, K and Mian, SI}, title = {Corneal complications of common vaccinations.}, journal = {Current opinion in ophthalmology}, volume = {36}, number = {4}, pages = {288-293}, doi = {10.1097/ICU.0000000000001146}, pmid = {40314667}, issn = {1531-7021}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination/adverse effects ; *Corneal Diseases/etiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Graft Rejection/etiology ; *Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Keratitis/etiology ; Influenza, Human/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize and evaluate the current literature concerning corneal complications associated with common vaccinations, particularly keratitis and corneal graft rejection following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, Varicella-Zoster, and Influenza.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Small case series and reports have documented keratitis/herpesvirus reactivation and corneal graft rejection following vaccination, prompting concern from ophthalmologists regarding vaccination timing and management of patients. Recent population-based studies have reported higher risks of herpesvirus keratitis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus recurrence associated with the COVID-19 and varicella zoster vaccinations in rare cases, often in patients with identified risk factors. Similarly, corneal graft rejection rates appear to be stable following vaccination when compared with unvaccinated individuals, with the bulk of vaccine-associated rejection noted to occur with penetrating keratoplasties and in patients at a higher risk for rejection.<br><br>SUMMARY: While the benefits of vaccination continue to outweigh the risks, clinicians must identify and balance patient-specific risk factors for corneal complications to inform individual management and counseling, potentially with heightened steroid use in the postvaccination period and more stringent follow up for signs of keratitis or graft rejection.}, }
@article {pmid39973309, year = {2025}, author = {Beck, E and Georgieva, M and Wang, WJ and Gomez-Lievano, A and Wang, H and Gao, Y and Kopel, H and Bausch-Jurken, M and Patterson-Lomba, O and Mu, F and Wu, E and Van de Velde, N}, title = {Indirect comparison of the relative vaccine effectiveness of mRNA-1283 vs. BNT162b2 vaccines against symptomatic COVID-19 among US adults.}, journal = {Current medical research and opinion}, volume = {41}, number = {4}, pages = {721-732}, doi = {10.1080/03007995.2025.2466726}, pmid = {39973309}, issn = {1473-4877}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/immunology ; *BNT162 Vaccine ; *Vaccine Efficacy ; United States/epidemiology ; *2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273/immunology ; Adult ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 continues to pose a significant health burden, particularly among older adults. mRNA-1283 is a next-generation COVID-19 mRNA vaccine developed to enhance immune response. Findings from the Phase 3 NextCOVE trial comparing bivalent versions of mRNA-1273 and mRNA-1283 vaccines have recently become available. However, there are no head-to-head trials comparing mRNA-1283 and the BNT162b2 vaccine.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To indirectly compare the effectiveness of mRNA-1283 and BNT162b2 against symptomatic COVID-19 among adults in the US.<br><br>METHODS: A targeted literature review was conducted to identify relevant studies comparing the mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 bivalent vaccines. A real-world evidence (RWE) study by Kopel et&#xa0;al. (2023) assessing the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of mRNA-1273 vs. BNT162b2 was selected for an indirect treatment comparison (ITC) against the NextCOVE trial using the Bucher method. Analyses were stratified by age group and sensitivity analyses were conducted using alternative outcome definitions.<br><br>RESULTS: Despite differences between NextCOVE and the Kopel study, comparability assessments supported a robust ITC. Among participants &#x2265;18&#x2009;years of age, the indirect rVE of mRNA-1283 vs. BNT162b2 against symptomatic COVID-19 was 15.3% (95% CI = 4.7-24.8%, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.006). For adults &#x2265;65&#x2009;years of age, the rVE was 22.8% (95% CI = 3.7-38.1%, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.022). Sensitivity analyses with alternative outcome definitions supported these estimates.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This analysis provides consistent and statistically significant evidence indicating the next-generation mRNA-1283 vaccine is more effective in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 than BNT162b2, with the largest effect in individuals aged &#x2265;65. Consistent results across sensitivity analyses underscore the robustness of the findings, offering important evidence to inform vaccination decisions by policymakers, providers, and payers.}, }
@article {pmid39946209, year = {2025}, author = {Hoskins, K and Montgomery, M and Griffith, A and Pollard, H and Orr-Roderick, D and Schmick, D and Strausman, J and Wade, S and Robertson, M and DeArmond, M}, title = {Trends in osteopathic medical education: a scoping review.}, journal = {Journal of osteopathic medicine}, volume = {125}, number = {6}, pages = {277-283}, pmid = {39946209}, issn = {2702-3648}, mesh = {*Osteopathic Medicine/education/trends ; Humans ; *Education, Medical, Graduate/trends ; United States ; *Education, Medical, Undergraduate/trends ; }, abstract = {CONTEXT: Following the transition to a single graduate medical education (GME) accreditation system in 2020, leaders at American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM) were interested in learning more about the research being done about osteopathic medical education leading up to that point in time.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The objective of this scoping review was to identify trends in undergraduate and graduate osteopathic medical education and to determine where this information was being disseminated and the institutions who were creating the content.<br><br>METHODS: Searches were conducted in eight databases: PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information [NCBI]), MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature ([CINAHL], EBSCO), Education Research Complete (EBSCO) OSTMED.DR, Education Resources Information Center ([ERIC], Ovid), and Scopus (Elsevier). Gray literature sources were also identified. All 10 authors were involved in the search. Search terms were identified by utilizing Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), the Yale MeSH Analyzer, and through consultation with an expert searcher. Sources were excluded if they were not in English, were based outside of the United States, did not fit in the date range of being published between 2010 and 2020, and included information on COVID-19. The research team conducted title/abstract screening based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 8,083 articles were identified and included through searches, ending in a total of 1,203 articles after full-text screening. Most sources for this osteopathic medical education review were journal articles (n=505) and conference proceedings (n=482). A total of 23 trends were identified, with the top three being residency (n=318), curriculum (n=235), and pedagogy (n=178). None of the other 23 primary trends were above 6.9&#x202f;%.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Osteopathic medical education trends from 2010 to 2020 were primarily focused on residency, curriculum, and pedagogy. This information was disseminated evenly between published journal articles and conference presentations, and osteopathic institutions that have existed longer and have established research track records were more likely to publish and share information in this area.}, }
@article {pmid39260400, year = {2025}, author = {Benemei, S and Gatto, F and Marcucci, R and Gresele, P}, title = {Emerging Thrombotic Disorders Associated with Virus-Based Innovative Therapies: From VITT to AAV Gene Therapy-Related Thrombotic Microangiopathy.}, journal = {Thrombosis and haemostasis}, volume = {125}, number = {6}, pages = {513-522}, doi = {10.1055/a-2413-4345}, pmid = {39260400}, issn = {2567-689X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Genetic Therapy/adverse effects/methods ; *Dependovirus/genetics ; *Thrombotic Microangiopathies/etiology/therapy/diagnosis ; *Genetic Vectors/adverse effects ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Thrombosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Gene therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for treating life-threatening disorders. Despite the clinical improvements observed with gene therapy, immune responses either innate or adaptive against the vector used for gene delivery, can affect treatment efficacy and lead to adverse reactions. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and small vessel occlusion known to be elicited by several drugs, that has been recently reported as an adverse event of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy. TMA encompasses a heterogenous group of disorders, its classification and underlining mechanisms are still uncertain, and still lacks validated biomarkers. The identification of predictors of TMA, such as vector dose and patient characteristics, is a pressing need to recognize patients at risk before and after AAV-based gene therapy administration. This review aims to explore the literature on TMA associated with AAV-based gene therapy in the larger context of TMA (i.e., hemolytic-uremic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and other drug-related TMAs). Considering the wide attention recently gained by another TTS associated with a non-gene therapy viral platform (adenovirus, AV COVID-19 vaccine), namely vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT), AAV gene therapy-related TMA mechanisms will be discussed and differentiated from those of VITT to avoid recency bias and favor a correct positioning of these two recently emerged syndromes within the heterogenous group of drug-related TTS. Finally, the review will discuss strategies for enhancing the safety and optimize the management of AAV-based gene therapy that is emerging as an efficacious therapeutic option for disparate, severe, and often orphan conditions.}, }
@article {pmid40414639, year = {2025}, author = {Singh, AK and Sudhan, YG and Ramakrishna, R and Durairajan, SSK}, title = {Viral agents in neuromuscular pathology.}, journal = {International review of neurobiology}, volume = {180}, number = {}, pages = {397-434}, doi = {10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.007}, pmid = {40414639}, issn = {2162-5514}, mesh = {Humans ; *Neuromuscular Diseases/virology/therapy/diagnosis ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Virus Diseases/complications/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {In recent years, viral infections have been increasingly identified as major players in neuromuscular pathologies. This chapter presents an overview of the evidence and future directions for virus-induced neuromuscular disorders. Information is integrated on the global burden of these diseases related to epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies was integrated. Responsible viruses include enteroviruses, flaviviruses, herpesviruses, and emerging pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. It represents a broad spectrum of neuromuscular disorders, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, viral myositis, and critical illness neuropathy/myopathy. The book chapter discusses different diagnostic approaches, therapy strategies, and rehabilitation methods, in addition to early intervention and preventive measures. This has led to new insights into novel therapies, unmet research needs, and future perspectives on viral neuromuscular disorders. This chapter demonstrates that supporting both clinical care and patient management with clinical research entails a profound understanding of the difficult interactions between the viruses concerned and the neuromuscular system.}, }
@article {pmid40413978, year = {2025}, author = {Braconi, L and Sosic, A and Crocetti, L}, title = {Recent breakthroughs in synthetic small molecules targeting SARS-CoV-2 M[pro] from 2022 to 2024.}, journal = {Bioorganic &amp; medicinal chemistry}, volume = {128}, number = {}, pages = {118247}, doi = {10.1016/j.bmc.2025.118247}, pmid = {40413978}, issn = {1464-3391}, abstract = {Among the identified targets for developing anti-coronavirus therapies, SARS-CoV-2 M[pro] stands out as one of the most promising due to its crucial role in viral replication and its low mutability across various coronaviruses, making it a potential broad-spectrum target. Currently, although the approved drugs targeting M[pro] are peptidomimetic inhibitors with an adequate efficacy, they exhibit relatively poor pharmacokinetic properties commonly associated with peptide-based compounds. On the contrary, using non-peptidic small-molecules M[pro] inhibitors can offer many advantages, including reduced off-target toxicity, improved metabolic stability and drug-like properties more appropriate for oral administration. This topic has sparked interest in the scientific community, leading to the publication of numerous studies in recent years. In this review, we summarize the most recent progress over the past two years in the identification and development of synthetic small-molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 M[pro].}, }
@article {pmid40413366, year = {2025}, author = {Nair, AS and Tauro, L and Joshi, HB and Makhal, A and Sobczak, T and Goret, J and Dewitte, A and Kaveri, S and Chakrapani, H and Matsuda, MM and Joshi, MB}, title = {Influence of homocysteine on regulating immunothrombosis: mechanisms and therapeutic potential in management of infections.}, journal = {Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]}, volume = {74}, number = {1}, pages = {86}, pmid = {40413366}, issn = {1420-908X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Homocysteine/metabolism/immunology ; COVID-19/immunology ; Animals ; *Thrombosis/immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; Sepsis/immunology ; }, abstract = {Mechanisms controlling innate immune responses and coagulation are interdependent, evolutionarily entangled and make a complex network to form immuno-thrombosis axis which is an integral part of host-defence response. During infections, immunothrombosis generates intravascular scaffold enabling recognition, trap and destruction of pathogens facilitating tissue integrity. However, the accompanying dysregulation fosters into pathologies associated with thrombosis and regulates severity, morbidity and mortality in infections. Several extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as (epi)genetic mechanisms, age, metabolism and lifestyle regulate immunothrombosis during infections. Mounting evidence demonstrates that homocysteine, a metabolic intermediate of methionine synthesis pathway activate cells participating in immuno-thrombosis such as neutrophils, platelets, monocytes and endothelial cells. Interestingly, multiple infections are significantly associated with perturbed homocysteine metabolism. In the present review, we describe mechanistic insights into how homocysteine drives immuno-thrombotic crosstalk that generate a vicious cycle of inflammation and coagulation that fuels organ failure during infections with an emphasis on sepsis, COVID-19, and other infectious diseases caused by parasites, viral, and bacterial pathogens. Subsequently, we discuss therapeutic strategies targeting homocysteine metabolism that may improve clinical outcomes in infections.}, }
@article {pmid40413212, year = {2025}, author = {Akingbola, A and Adegbesan, A and Adegoke, K and Idahor, C and Mariaria, P and Peters, F and Salami, RA and Ojo, O and Nwaeze, E and Abdullahi, O and Chuku, J}, title = {Comparing Moderna's mRNA-1083 and Pfizer's dual-target mRNA vaccines for influenza and COVID-19.}, journal = {NPJ vaccines}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {105}, pmid = {40413212}, issn = {2059-0105}, abstract = {This review examines Moderna's mRNA-1083 and Pfizer/BioNTech's mRNA-1020/1030 dual-target vaccines for COVID-19 and influenza. Both utilize mRNA technology, demonstrating strong immunogenicity and favorable safety profiles. Moderna's mRNA-1083 showed superior immune responses, while Pfizer's mRNA-1020/1030 performed well but was slightly less effective against influenza B. These vaccines simplify immunization strategies, enhance protection, and emphasize the need for global vaccine equity to prevent future outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid40412913, year = {2025}, author = {DeMasi, M and Bujold, L}, title = {Effect of the Covid Pandemic on Women's Health.}, journal = {Primary care}, volume = {52}, number = {2}, pages = {371-382}, doi = {10.1016/j.pop.2025.01.009}, pmid = {40412913}, issn = {1558-299X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Female ; *Women's Health ; United States/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted all spheres of the lives of women. This article focuses on the impact on the health, careers, and family lives of women in the United States. There is a lasting impact from COVID-19 on the lives and health of women. Preventative care and chronic care were disrupted. Long covid seems to impact premenopausal women at much higher rates than men. Time spent between work and home changed for many during the pandemic. Women shifted to more time spent on home duties. The long-term outcome of career advancement and economic success is unknown.}, }
@article {pmid40412334, year = {2025}, author = {Rahimi, HK and Jasim, AA and Rezahosseini, O and Harboe, ZB}, title = {Immunogenicity and adverse effects of pneumococcal vaccines co-administered with influenza or SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in adults: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {59}, number = {}, pages = {127293}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127293}, pmid = {40412334}, issn = {1873-2518}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the immunogenicity and adverse effects (AEs) of co-administration of pneumococcal vaccines with influenza or SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.<br><br>METHODS: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google for studies published from January 1, 1950, to October 20, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies were included. Pooled geometric mean titer (GMT) ratios per serotype and risk ratios (RR) for AEs were calculated in the meta-analyses.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 752 search hits, 17 studies were included, consisting of 14 RCTs and three non-randomized studies. One study investigated PCV20 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine co-administration and found it safe and immunogenic. Six studies examined PPV23 and influenza vaccine co-administration, showing lower immunogenicity for some serotypes but non-inferior to single administration. A meta-analysis of studies on PCV and influenza vaccines showed significantly reduced pooled GMT ratios for several serotypes, with serotype 1 (pooled GMT ratio&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.74, 95&#xa0;% CI: [0.63, 0.87]) and 6&#xa0;A (pooled GMT ratio&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.78, 95&#xa0;% CI: [0.71, 0.85]) having the lowest ratios. For AEs, PCV co-administration resulted in a 15&#xa0;% increase in risk for myalgia/arthralgia (RR: 1.15, 95&#xa0;% CI: 1.04-1.27) and a 34&#xa0;% increase for headache (RR: 1.34, 95&#xa0;% CI: 1.14-1.57). Eight studies were rated as having a moderate or severe risk of bias.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In adults, co-administration of pneumococcal vaccines with influenza or SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is non-inferior to single-administration; however, it can increase mild-moderate systemic AEs. Data is scarce, and further studies are needed on immunocompromised adults.}, }
@article {pmid40412331, year = {2025}, author = {Gandhi, K and Vijay, Y and Page, K and Dahari, H and Gutfraind, A}, title = {Challenges in coverage of future hepatitis C vaccines: Review and potential solutions.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {59}, number = {}, pages = {127256}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127256}, pmid = {40412331}, issn = {1873-2518}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Motivated by the high mortality burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the unprecedented rapid development of the COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines, we note that a prompt HCV vaccine rollout may streamline the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate HCV before 2030. While progress in the development of HCV vaccine candidates has rapidly flourished, vaccine hesitancy and HCV incidence are both particularly prevalent in people who inject drugs (PWID). The aim of this paper is to document several potential challenges in HCV vaccine uptake and provide a set of preliminary recommendations for public and community health professionals to improve acceptance.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a forward-looking integrative narrative review and identified relevant articles from PubMed. We survey literature discussing barriers to vaccine acceptance in past rollouts (e.g., COVID-19, hepatitis B) and barriers to HCV management, particularly in PWID.<br><br>RESULTS: Six key challenges were identified: (1) structural and social barriers affecting PWID, (2) vaccine safety, efficacy, and relevance concerns, (3) multiple-dose attrition and vaccine fatigue, (4) media presentation and misinformation, (5) awareness and attitude towards infection, and (6) information framing and primary care linkage. Four possible recommendations were also identified: (1) vaccine promotion in targeted educational and outreach campaigns, (2) community-level support programs integrated with vaccine rollout, (3) rollout of a pan-genotypic, multivalent, or combination vaccine, and (4) cost-benefit analysis supporting the vaccine.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This forward-looking paper offers several recommendations to address potential gaps in HCV vaccination-from linkage with syringe exchange programs to economic analysis of vaccination program costs.}, }
@article {pmid40412200, year = {2025}, author = {Tonutti, A and Motta, F and Isailovic, N and Selmi, C and Timilsina, S and Eric Gershwin, M and De Santis, M}, title = {Mechanistic considerations linking SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammation, and the loss of immune tolerance.}, journal = {Current opinion in immunology}, volume = {95}, number = {}, pages = {102567}, doi = {10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567}, pmid = {40412200}, issn = {1879-0372}, abstract = {The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated in the onset of multiple, seemingly unrelated, autoimmune diseases. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has also been implicated in the unmasking and/or production of multiple autoantibodies, even in the absence of clinical disease. Despite such data, it remains unclear whether antibodies targeting antiviral signaling proteins and mitochondrial antigens reflect bystander activation or alternatively contribute to de novo viral immune escape mechanisms. With these comments in mind, a variety of professional antibody presenting cells and including lung resident macrophages of COVID-19 infected patients are impacted and dependent on the uptake of antibody-opsonized virus by Fcγ receptors; yet infection is aborted via antibody-dependent effector mechanisms or pyroptosis, possibly leading to autoantibody production, and autoinflammatory manifestations, respectively. TRIM21/Ro52, a cytosolic E3-ubiquitin ligase with an Fc-gamma receptor domain, functions as an intracytoplasmic antibody receptor, directs immune complexes binding virions but also autoantigens to autophagy. During autophagy, Ig-virions-TRIM21/Ro52-autoantigens complexes bind directly to class II human leukocyte antigen in lysosomal compartment, leading to subsequent presentation on the cell surface. This process favors the development of a specific humoral immune response but has the potential to lead to loss of tolerance. Interestingly, TRIM21/Ro52 can also contribute to pyroptosis. We propose that TRIM21/Ro52 is well-placed at the crossroad between the inflammatory response and clinical autoimmunity.}, }
@article {pmid40411467, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, X and Zhong, L and Zhang, W and Wu, P and Wang, M and Li, D and Dong, L and Wang, G}, title = {CRISPR Digital Sensing: From Micronano-Collaborative Chip to Biomolecular Detection.}, journal = {ACS nano}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acsnano.5c03474}, pmid = {40411467}, issn = {1936-086X}, abstract = {The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) sensing technology proved to be valuable during the COVID-19 pandemic through its sensitivity, specificity, robustness, and versatility. However, issues such as overreliance on amplification, susceptibility to false positives, lack of quantification strategies, and complex operation procedures have hindered its broader application in bioanalysis and clinical diagnostics. The collision between micronano-collaborative chips and CRISPR technology has effectively addressed these bottlenecks, offering innovative solutions for diagnosis and treatment. Unlike conventional micronano chips, micronano digital chips enhance CRISPR's response to trace amounts of target molecules by leveraging highly controllable local environments and compartmentalized microreactors. This advancement improves detection efficiency and revolutionizes traditional in vitro bioanalytical processes. First, the working principles, fabrication techniques, and performance metrics of CRISPR-based digital droplet microfluidics and microarray chips are examined. Then, the applications of CRISPR digital sensing chips in bioassays are reviewed, emphasizing their importance in advancing in vitro detection systems for gene editing. Finally, the prospects of CRISPR digital sensing technology are explored, particularly its potential for body surface biomonitoring and its broader development opportunities in the biomedical field.}, }
@article {pmid40411153, year = {2025}, author = {Patel, V and Korsun, M and Cervia, JS}, title = {EXPRESS: Protective Effects of Booster Dose of SARS-COV-2 Vaccination Against Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {10815589251346963}, doi = {10.1177/10815589251346963}, pmid = {40411153}, issn = {1708-8267}, abstract = {The global impact of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has extended beyond acute infection, with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) affecting an estimated 10% of recovered individuals. PACS manifests a range of debilitating symptoms, including fatigue, cognitive impairment, and gastrointestinal issues. While vaccination has proven effective in mitigating severe COVID-19 outcomes, the role of booster doses in preventing PACS remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether COVID-19 booster vaccinations reduce the incidence and severity of PACS in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in adherence to PRISMA guidelines. Databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English from January 2020-August 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed RCTs, prospective cohort studies, and case-control studies comparing PACS prevalence between booster recipients and non-recipients. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool. Data synthesis included pooled prevalence estimates and narrative analyses. Of 849 identified studies, 22 met inclusion criteria, with 12 providing complete data for meta-analysis. Among 38,718 participants, a trend toward lower PACS prevalence was observed in booster recipients (RR: 0.66; 95%-CI: 0.41 - 1.09), though heterogeneity (I[2] = 98%) limited statistical significance. Risk of bias analysis classified most studies as low or moderate risk, with two high-risk studies reporting higher PACS rates in boosted individuals. This study suggests a potential protective effect of booster vaccinations against PACS, though findings were not statistically significant. Further research with larger, standardized cohorts is essential to validate these observations and guide vaccination strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40410684, year = {2025}, author = {Kumar, N and Segovia, D and Kumar, P and Atti, HB and Kumar, S and Mishra, J}, title = {Mucosal implications of oral Jak3-targeted drugs in COVID patients.}, journal = {Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)}, volume = {31}, number = {1}, pages = {203}, pmid = {40410684}, issn = {1528-3658}, mesh = {Humans ; *Janus Kinase 3/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Janus Kinase Inhibitors/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Administration, Oral ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {The JAK family, particularly JAK3, plays a crucial role in immune signaling and inflammatory responses. Dysregulated JAK3 activation in SARS-CoV-2 infections has been associated with severe inflammation and respiratory complications, making JAK inhibitors a viable therapeutic option. However, their use raises concerns regarding immunosuppression, which could increase susceptibility to secondary infections. While long-term adverse effects are less of a concern in acute COVID-19 treatment, patient selection and monitoring remain critical. Furthermore, adverse effects associated with oral JAK3 inhibitors necessitate the exploration of alternative strategies to optimize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing risks. This review highlights the role of JAK3 in immune and epithelial cells, examines the adverse effects of oral JAK3 inhibitors in COVID-19 and other treatments, and discusses alternative therapeutic strategies for improving patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40409874, year = {2025}, author = {,  and Batra, K and Walker, CM and Little, BP and Bang, TJ and Bartel, TB and Brixey, AG and Christensen, JD and Cox, CW and Hanak, M and Khurana, S and Madan, R and Merchant, N and Moore, WH and Pandya, S and Sanchez, LD and Shroff, GS and Zagurovskaya, M and Chung, JH}, title = {ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Respiratory Illness in Immunocompetent Patients: 2024 Update.}, journal = {Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR}, volume = {22}, number = {5S}, pages = {S14-S35}, doi = {10.1016/j.jacr.2025.02.014}, pmid = {40409874}, issn = {1558-349X}, mesh = {Humans ; Acute Disease ; United States ; *Immunocompetence ; Societies, Medical ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnostic imaging ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; }, abstract = {Acute respiratory illness is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality amongst infectious diseases worldwide and a major public health issue. Even though most cases are due to self-limited viral infections, a significant number of cases are due to more serious respiratory infections where delay in diagnosis can lead to morbidity and mortality. Imaging plays a key role in the initial diagnosis and management of acute respiratory illness. This document reviews the current literature concerning the appropriate role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of the immunocompetent adult patient initially presenting with acute respiratory illness. Imaging recommendations for adults presenting with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations are discussed. Finally, guidelines for follow-up imaging in suspected pneumonia cases to ensure occult malignancy is not overlooked. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer reviewed literature is lacking or intermediate, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.}, }
@article {pmid40409813, year = {2025}, author = {Pomin, VH and Zhang, F and Dordick, JS}, title = {Role, binding properties, and potential therapeutical use of glycosaminoglycans and mimetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In memory of Dr. Robert Linhardt (1953-2025).}, journal = {Carbohydrate polymers}, volume = {362}, number = {}, pages = {123703}, doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123703}, pmid = {40409813}, issn = {1879-1344}, mesh = {*Glycosaminoglycans/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; COVID-19/virology ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry ; History, 20th Century ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; History, 21st Century ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Dr. Robert Linhardt was a prolific scientist who paved the way for understanding the key aspects of structure, function, synthesis, mechanisms of action, and potential therapeutic use of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). His contribution to the field of Glycobiology for over 40 years led to an incredible legacy in terms of mentorship, publication, and research accomplishment. Sorrowfully, he succumbed to a rare case of spinal cancer aggravated by a SARS-CoV-2 infection at the beginning of 2025. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. Linhardt published approximately 20 groundbreaking scientific articles unraveling the role, mechanism of action, virus binding properties, and potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 use of GAGs. In honor of the extraordinary contribution of Dr. Robert Linhardt in the fields of GAGs and SARS-CoV2, we review herein the main scientific achievements of his set of published works on the topic, after presenting a biography of this renowned glycoscientist.}, }
@article {pmid40409475, year = {2025}, author = {Dermitzakis, I and Theotokis, P and Delilampou, E and Axarloglou, E and Gouta, C and Manthou, ME and Meditskou, S and Miliaras, D}, title = {The impact of infections and genetics on secondary sex ratio.}, journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases}, volume = {132}, number = {}, pages = {105770}, doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105770}, pmid = {40409475}, issn = {1567-7257}, abstract = {The secondary sex ratio (SSR), which reflects the proportion of male to female offspring at birth, is influenced by a complex interplay of multiple factors. This review delves into the current understanding of how infections and genetics contribute to variations in the SSR. The effects of infections on the SSR represent an intriguing intersection of biology and epidemiology. Research indicates that several infectious diseases, such as toxoplasmosis, coronavirus disease 2019, Spanish flu, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and tuberculosis, can impact the SSR through mechanisms that are only partially understood. Genetics are also scrutinized in this review. Although their involvement in determining the SSR is debatable, various genetic factors have been studied. The influences of the Rhesus D heterozygous phenotype, major histocompatibility complex, corticosteroid-binding globulin deficiency, ethnicity, and consanguinity on SSR have been delineated. By amalgamating findings from diverse disciplines, this review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted impact of infections and genetics on SSR, pinpointing potential implications for reproductive biology and public health.}, }
@article {pmid39370147, year = {2025}, author = {Schukow, CP and Allen, TC}, title = {A New Generation of Pathologists: Addressing Modern Curriculum and Educational Scholarship for Pathology Educators and Trainees After the End of the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Archives of pathology &amp; laboratory medicine}, volume = {149}, number = {6}, pages = {578-588}, doi = {10.5858/arpa.2024-0114-RA}, pmid = {39370147}, issn = {1543-2165}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Curriculum ; *Education, Distance/methods ; *Pathologists/education ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Pathology/education ; Pandemics ; *Pathology, Clinical/education ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; }, abstract = {CONTEXT.&#x2014;: The COVID-19 pandemic irreversibly altered the pathology education landscape. It exacerbated workforce shortages, restricted in-person activities, and highlighted critical means in curricula evaluation to limit the expansion of medical knowledge gaps in postpandemic society. Training enacted swift changes toward online learning (e-learning) practices to minimize potential deficiencies in pathology education. Today, a breadth of widely available online pathology curricular tools, including e-learning and digital pathology, are increasingly being used by medical students, trainees, and pathologists worldwide.<br><br>OBJECTIVE.&#x2014;: To critically address the continued role of e-learning and digital pathology in postpandemic pathology education and scholarship, as a current paucity of literature exists and lingering workflow effects of this pandemic affecting many anatomic and clinical pathology departments globally persist.<br><br>DATA SOURCES.&#x2014;: A qualitative review of relevant literature is synthesized to create a timely, narrative discussion to bridge this literature gap. Peer-reviewed sources and other original or primary documents will be assessed.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS.&#x2014;: Because of the subjective nature of curricular development and defining what constitutes scholarship, no widely established consensus is present, though it has been touched on in previous literature. It may be years until we better understand how e-learning and digital pathology shape curricular practices, scholarship production, and patient-care delivery, though recent studies support sustained blended curricula beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The education landscape continues to become increasingly digitalized, and infrastructures may soon be able to support complete digital pathology practice as the education norm. Future and theoretical insight for pathology and laboratory departments globally are provided.}, }
@article {pmid40407658, year = {2025}, author = {Park, SO and Nanda, N}, title = {Long COVID: A Systematic Review of Preventive Strategies.}, journal = {Infectious disease reports}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40407658}, issn = {2036-7430}, abstract = {Background: Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, long COVID (LC) has become a significant global health burden. While knowledge about LC is accumulating, studies on its prevention are still lacking. Methods: We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to investigate prevention options for LC. We identified fifteen articles on vaccines, seven on antivirals, and six on other interventions after searching for articles in the PubMed/MEDLINE database using the MeSH terms. Results: Most vaccine-related studies demonstrated a protective effect of COVID-19 vaccines against developing LC. Our review found an equivocal effect of antivirals, while metformin had a protective effect in outpatients and corticosteroids were protective in hospitalized patients against LC. Conversely, COVID-19 convalescent plasma and multiple micronutrient supplement did not confer any protection against LC. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination is vital as it not only prevents COVID-19 but also reduces the severity of illness and may help prevent LC. Further studies are warranted to shed light on preventive strategies for long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid40407551, year = {2025}, author = {Alexatou, O and Papadopoulou, SK and Mentzelou, M and Deligiannidou, GE and Dakanalis, A and Giaginis, C}, title = {Exploring the Impact of Emotional Eating Among University Students: A Literature Review.}, journal = {Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40407551}, issn = {2076-3271}, mesh = {Humans ; *Students/psychology ; Universities ; *Emotions ; COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Feeding Behavior/psychology ; Quality of Life ; *Eating/psychology ; Mental Health ; Anxiety/psychology ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Depression/psychology ; Emotional Eating ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Emotional eating has been considered as a trend to consume energy concentrated and tasty foods in response to adverse emotions. Emotional eating may harmfully influence physical and mental health among university students, worsening their daily quality of life and their academic performance. The aim of the present study is to critically summarize and analyze the currently available clinical data concerning the impact of emotional eating among university students.<br><br>METHODS: Comprehensive exploration of the currently available scientific literature was performed in the most precise scientific databases, utilizing relevant and representative keywords.<br><br>RESULTS: More than a few interrelationships were found between emotional eating and body mass index, physical activity, depression, anxiety, stress, social media overuse, nutritional behaviors, and COVID-19 lockdown concerning university students.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The currently available clinical studies support evidence that there are significant intercorrelations between emotional eating and several aspects of physical and mental health of university students. However, most of them have a cross-sectional design that cannot establish causality effects. In this respect, prospective surveys are strongly required to delineate the impact of emotional eating in the daily life of university students.}, }
@article {pmid40406976, year = {2025}, author = {Agyei-Manu, E and Atkins, N and Nundy, M and St-Jean, C and Gornall-Wick, A and Birley, E and De Silva, U and Krishan, P and Vokey, L and Dozier, MF and McSwiggan, E and McQuillan, R and Theodoratou, E and Shi, T and , }, title = {Characteristics of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV surveillance systems that utilise ICD-coded data: a systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of global health}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {04177}, pmid = {40406976}, issn = {2047-2986}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; *International Classification of Diseases ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology ; *Population Surveillance/methods ; Global Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Some surveillance systems for influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) utilise International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-coded data and are useful for analysing trends and enhancing quick, evidence-based decisions against the epidemic potential that threatens global health security. With variations in the design of systems globally, the World Health Organization requested a systematic review to identify key characteristics of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV surveillance systems that utilise ICD-coded data, and to assess their performance.<br><br>METHODS: We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Global Health to identify relevant studies reporting on influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV surveillance systems that use ICD-coded data. We independently assessed studies for the ICD codes used, their statistical estimates and limitations. We appraised included studies using Joana Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools and synthesised using narrative synthesis.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 77 studies, reporting on 71 surveillance systems - 33 systems recorded surveillance data only, 15 systems recorded burden of disease data only, and 23 systems recorded both surveillance and burden of disease data. Surveillance systems utilised ICD-10 codes (75%), ICD-9 codes (22%), or both (3%). ICD-10 codes J09 and J10 were frequently used for influenza, U07.1 for COVID-19, and B97.4, J12.1, J20.5, and J21.0 for RSV. ICD-9 codes 487 and 488 were mostly used for influenza, and codes 466.11 and 480.1 for RSV. ICD-10 codes had low-to-moderate sensitivity (6.60-79.87%) and high specificity (97.40-99.72%) for influenza, low-to-high sensitivity (30.00-98.4%) and specificity (39.50-99.80%) for COVID-19, and low-to-high sensitivity (6.00-99.80%) and specificity (12.10-100.00%) for RSV. ICD-9 codes had low sensitivity (45.60%) and high specificity (97.90%) for influenza. Underestimation of infections or mortality attributable to influenza, SARS-CoV-2, or RSV is a major limitation to using ICD-coded data across surveillance systems.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The performance of ICD codes for syndromic- or disease-specific surveillance remains inconclusive, although using only ICD-coded data within these systems may underestimate influenza, SARS-CoV-2, or RSV-attributable morbidity and mortality. Future studies should assess the accuracy of ICD code combinations for surveillance of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV.}, }
@article {pmid40406515, year = {2025}, author = {Muñoz-Carrillo, JL and Palomeque-Molina, PI and Villacis-Valencia, MS and Gutiérrez-Coronado, O and Chávez-Ruvalcaba, F and Vázquez-Alcaraz, SJ and Villalobos-Gutiérrez, PT and Palomeque-Molina, J}, title = {Relationship between periodontitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 disease: a narrative review.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1527217}, pmid = {40406515}, issn = {2235-2988}, mesh = {Humans ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/immunology ; *Periodontitis/complications/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Inflammation ; }, abstract = {Inflammation plays a fundamental role in the development and bidirectional association of di-verse diseases, such as periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which generates important clinical complications, where chronic exposure to high levels of blood glucose affects the repair process of periodontal tissues. Likewise, it has been observed that comorbidity, between these two diseases, influences the development of the COVID-19 disease towards a more severe course. However, there is currently very little scientific evidence on the relationship between periodontitis, T2DM and COVID-19 disease. This narrative review aims to provide an understanding of the current and most relevant aspects of the relationship between periodontitis, T2DM and COVID-19 disease. A narrative review was performed through a systematic search of published studies, without date restrictions, indexed in the electronic databases of PubMed, for the inclusion of articles in English, and LILACS for the inclusion of articles in Spanish. This review included different articles, which addressed the most important aspects to present a current perspective on the relationship and influence between periodontitis, T2DM and COVID-19 disease. Comorbidity between periodontitis and T2DM represents a greater risk of developing a more severe course of COVID-19 disease, because these three diseases share three important axes: a clinicopathological axis; an axis associated with glycemia, and an immunological axis associated with inflammation.}, }
@article {pmid40406494, year = {2025}, author = {Yin, C and Xu, M and Zong, Z}, title = {Advances in the prevalence and treatment of depression for adolescents: a review.}, journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1574574}, pmid = {40406494}, issn = {1663-9812}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Depression is a psychological condition in adolescents caused by various factors. Many serious consequences can be associated with depression, such as irritability, emotional instability, and suicide. Meanwhile, the incidence of depression and suicide among adolescents was also affected during the pandemic of COVID-19 in 2019. This phenomenon of adolescent depression should be drawn extensive concern by the community, which affects their physical and mental health.<br><br>MAIN BODY: This review describes the epidemiology, high-risk factors, and treatment of adolescent depression. The onset of depression is probably attributable to preterm birth, growth environment, genetic. We also identify that the COVID-19 pandemic, initiated in late 2019,affects adolescent mental health. Antidepressants and psychotherapy are conventional treatments for depressive disorders. However, it is controversial whether antidepressants are as effective and safer as psychotherapy, and a combination of the two could provide more benefit to this population than antidepressants alone. We also summarize some antidepressants developed for novel targets. Improving the efficacy and safety of treatment to reduce the suicide rate among adolescents is the primary goal of clinical research. Existing treatment modalities and drugs are not sufficient to achieve clinical demands, so that new therapeutic targets will be promising for such patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: A variety of factors can contribute to depression in adolescents. Adolescent depression should be mainly treated with non-pharmacological. A combination of guideline-recommended antidepressants should be used if uncontrolled with non-pharmacological, but adverse drug reactions and suicidal ideation should be closely monitored.}, }
@article {pmid40406131, year = {2025}, author = {El Arab, RA and Alkhunaizi, M and Alhashem, YN and Al Khatib, A and Bubsheet, M and Hassanein, S}, title = {Artificial intelligence in vaccine research and development: an umbrella review.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1567116}, pmid = {40406131}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *Vaccine Development/methods ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccinology/methods ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines highlighted the transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern vaccinology, accelerating timelines from years to months. Nevertheless, the specific roles and effectiveness of AI in accelerating and enhancing vaccine research, development, distribution, and acceptance remain dispersed across various reviews, underscoring the need for a unified synthesis.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted an umbrella review to consolidate evidence on AI's contributions to vaccine discovery, optimization, clinical testing, supply-chain logistics, and public acceptance. Five databases were systematically searched up to January 2025 for systematic, scoping, narrative, and rapid reviews, as well as meta-analyses explicitly focusing on AI in vaccine contexts. Quality assessments were performed using the ROBIS and AMSTAR 2 tools to evaluate risk of bias and methodological rigor.<br><br>RESULTS: Among the 27 reviews, traditional machine learning approaches-random forests, support vector machines, gradient boosting, and logistic regression-dominated tasks from antigen discovery and epitope prediction to supply&#x2011;chain optimization. Deep learning architectures, including convolutional and recurrent neural networks, generative adversarial networks, and variational autoencoders, proved instrumental in multiepitope vaccine design and adaptive clinical trial simulations. AI&#x2011;driven multi&#x2011;omic integration accelerated epitope mapping, shrinking discovery timelines by months, while predictive analytics optimized manufacturing workflows and supply&#x2011;chain operations (including temperature&#x2011;controlled, "cold&#x2011;chain" logistics). Sentiment analysis and conversational AI tools demonstrated promising capabilities for real&#x2011;time monitoring of public attitudes and tailored communication to address vaccine hesitancy. Nonetheless, persistent challenges emerged-data heterogeneity, algorithmic bias, limited regulatory frameworks, and ethical concerns over transparency and equity.<br><br>DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings illustrate AI's transformative potential across the vaccine lifecycle but underscore that translating promise into practice demands five targeted action areas: robust data governance and multi&#x2011;omics consortia to harmonize and share high&#x2011;quality datasets; comprehensive regulatory and ethical frameworks featuring transparent model explainability, standardized performance metrics, and interdisciplinary ethics committees for ongoing oversight; the adoption of adaptive trial designs and manufacturing simulations that enable real&#x2011;time safety monitoring and in&#xa0;silico process modeling; AI&#x2011;enhanced public engagement strategies-such as routinely audited chatbots, real&#x2011;time sentiment dashboards, and culturally tailored messaging-to mitigate vaccine hesitancy; and a concerted focus on global equity and pandemic preparedness through capacity building, digital infrastructure expansion, routine bias audits, and sustained funding in low&#x2011;resource settings.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This umbrella review confirms AI's pivotal role in accelerating vaccine development, enhancing efficacy and safety, and bolstering public acceptance. Realizing these benefits requires not only investments in infrastructure and stakeholder engagement but also transparent model documentation, interdisciplinary ethics oversight, and routine algorithmic bias audits. Moreover, bridging the gap from in silico promise to real&#x2011;world impact demands large&#x2011;scale validation studies and methods that can accommodate heterogeneous evidence, ensuring AI&#x2011;driven innovations deliver equitable global health outcomes and reinforce pandemic preparedness.}, }
@article {pmid40406115, year = {2025}, author = {Tscherne, A and Guardado-Calvo, P and Clark, JJ and Krause, R and Krammer, F}, title = {Puumala orthohantavirus: prevalence, biology, disease, animal models and recent advances in therapeutics development and structural biology.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1575112}, pmid = {40406115}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Animals ; *Puumala virus/immunology/physiology ; Humans ; *Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/epidemiology/virology/therapy/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Prevalence ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Viral Vaccines/immunology ; }, abstract = {Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) is an emerging zoonotic virus that was first discovered in the Puumala region of Finland in the early 1980s and is the primary etiological agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a milder form of a life-threatening disease known as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). PUUV and other members of the Old World hantaviruses (OWHVs) predominantly circulate in rodents or insectivores across Eurasia, accounting for several thousand of reported HFRS cases every year (with many more unreported/misdiagnosed cases suspected). The rodent reservoir of PUUV is the common bank vole (Myodes (M.) glareolus), and transmission of the virus to humans occurs via inhalation of contagious aerosols and through contact with contaminated droppings or urine. Although PUUV is the subject of extensive research, due to its potential to cause severe disease outcomes in humans and its considerable economic and social impact, neither licensed vaccines nor specific antiviral treatments are available against PUUV. However, many important advancements have been made in terms of PUUV research over the last years. This included the elucidation of its glycoproteins, the discovery of broadly neutralizing hantavirus antibodies as therapeutic candidates and expanded research on the mRNA vaccine technology which will likely enable the development of strong PUUV vaccine candidates in the near future. Currently, there is still a lack of suitable animal models for the preclinical evaluation of experimental vaccines and antivirals, which hampers vaccine and antiviral development. Current attempts to decrease hantavirus-associated human infections rely primarily on prevention and countermeasures for rodent control, including reduced contact to droppings, saliva and urine, and disinfection of areas that are contaminated with rodent excreta. Here, we review these recent advances and other aspects including PUUV prevalence, virus biology, diagnosis and clinical features, and current animal models for vaccine and treatment development.}, }
@article {pmid40280144, year = {2025}, author = {Ray, STJ and Fuller, CE and Boubour, A and Tshimangani, T and Kafoteka, E and Muiruri-Liomba, A and Malenga, A and Tebulo, A and Pensulo, P and Gushu, MB and Nielsen, M and Raees, M and Stockdale, E and Langton, J and Birbeck, GL and Waithira, N and Bonnett, LJ and Henrion, MY and Fink, EL and Postels, DG and O'Brien, N and Page, AL and Baron, E and Gordon, SB and Molyneux, E and Dondorp, A and George, EC and Maitland, K and Michael, BD and Solomon, T and Chimalizeni, Y and Lalloo, DG and Moxon, CA and Taylor, T and Mallewa, M and Idro, R and Seydel, K and Griffiths, MJ}, title = {The aetiologies, mortality, and disability of non-traumatic coma in African children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {The Lancet. Global health}, volume = {13}, number = {6}, pages = {e1043-e1056}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(25)00055-5}, pmid = {40280144}, issn = {2214-109X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Coma/etiology/mortality/epidemiology ; Child ; Africa/epidemiology ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Infant ; Prevalence ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Non-traumatic coma in African children is a common life-threatening presentation often leading to hospital attendance. We aimed to estimate the distribution of non-traumatic coma causes and outcomes, including disease-specific outcomes, for which evidence is scarce.<br><br>METHODS: We systematically reviewed MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases from inception to Feb 6, 2024. We included studies recruiting children (aged 1 month to 16 years) with non-traumatic coma (Blantyre Coma Scale score &#x2264;2, ie deep coma or comparable alternative) from any African country. Disease-specific studies were included if outcomes were reported. Primary data were requested where required. We used a DerSimonian-Laird random effects model to calculate pooled estimates for prevalence of causes, mortality, and morbidity (in-hospital and post-discharge), including analysis of mortality by temporality. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD4202014193).<br><br>FINDINGS: We screened 16&#x2009;666 articles. 138 studies were eligible for analysis, reporting causes, outcome data, or both from 35&#x2009;027 children with non-traumatic coma in 30 African countries. 114 (89%) of 128 studies were determined to be high quality. Among the causes, cerebral malaria had highest pooled prevalence at 58% (95% CI 48-69), encephalopathy of unknown cause was associated with 23% (9-36) of cases, and acute bacterial meningitis was the cause of 10% (8-12) of cases, with all other causes representing lower proportions of cases. Pooled overall case-fatality rates were 17% (16-19) for cerebral malaria, 37% (20-55) for unknown encephalopathy, and 45% (34-55) for acute bacterial meningitis. By meta-regression, there was no significant difference in cerebral malaria (p=0&#xb7;98), acute bacterial meningitis (p=0&#xb7;99), or all-cause coma (p=0&#xb7;081) mortality by year of study. There was no substantial difference in deaths associated with cerebral malaria in-hospital compared with post-discharge (17% [16-19] vs (18% [16-20]). Mortality was higher post-discharge than in-hospital in most non-malarial comas, including acute bacterial meningitis (39% [26-52]) vs 53% [38-69]). Disability associated with cerebral malaria was 11% (9-12). Pooled disability outcomes associated with other non-malarial diseases were largely absent.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: The prevalence and outcomes of cerebral malaria and meningitis associated with non-traumatic coma were strikingly static across five decades. Enhanced molecular and radiological diagnostics, investment, policy making, community awareness, and health service provision are all required to facilitate earlier referral to specialist centres, to drive a step-change in diagnostic yield and treatment options to improve these outcomes.<br><br>FUNDING: Wellcome Trust.<br><br>TRANSLATIONS: For the Chichewa, French and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.}, }
@article {pmid40015486, year = {2025}, author = {Guo, J and Wang, T and Cao, H and Ma, Q and Tang, Y and Li, T and Wang, L and Xu, Y and Zhan, S}, title = {Application of methodological strategies to address unmeasured confounding in real-world vaccine safety and effectiveness study: a systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of clinical epidemiology}, volume = {181}, number = {}, pages = {111737}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111737}, pmid = {40015486}, issn = {1878-5921}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic ; *Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Vaccine Efficacy/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Observational Studies as Topic ; Research Design ; Influenza, Human/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Uses of real-world data to evaluate vaccine safety and effectiveness are often challenged by unmeasured confounding. The study aimed to review the application of methods to address unmeasured confounding in observational vaccine safety and effectiveness research.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42024519882), and searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus for epidemiological studies investigating influenza and COVID-19 vaccines as exposures, and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases as outcomes, published between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2023. Data on study design and statistical analyses were extracted from eligible articles.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 913 studies were included, of which 42 (4.6%, 42/913) accounted for unmeasured confounding through statistical correction (31.0%, 13/42) or confounding detection or quantification (78.6%, 33/42). Negative control was employed in 24 (57.1%, 24/42) studies-2 (8.3%, 2/24) for confounding correction and 22 (91.7%, 22/24) for confounding detection or quantification-followed by E-value (31.0%, 13/42), prior event rate ratio (11.9%, 5/42), regression discontinuity design (7.1%, 3/42), instrumental variable (4.8%, 2/42), and difference-in-differences (2.4%, 1/42). A total of 871 (95.4%, 871/913) studies did not address unmeasured confounding, but 38.9% (355/913) reported it as study limitation.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Unmeasured confounding in real-world vaccine safety and effectiveness studies remains underexplored. Current research primarily employed confounding detection or quantification, notably negative control and E-value, which did not yield adjusted effect estimates. While some studies used correction methods like instrumental variable, regression discontinuity design, and negative control, challenges arise from the stringent assumptions. Future efforts should prioritize developing valid methodologies to mitigate unmeasured confounding.}, }
@article {pmid40010583, year = {2025}, author = {Kaul, T and Damen, JAA and Wynants, L and Van Calster, B and van Smeden, M and Hooft, L and Moons, KGM}, title = {Assessing the quality of prediction models in health care using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST): an evaluation of its use and practical application.}, journal = {Journal of clinical epidemiology}, volume = {181}, number = {}, pages = {111732}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2025.111732}, pmid = {40010583}, issn = {1878-5921}, mesh = {Humans ; Bias ; Reproducibility of Results ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Consensus ; *Models, Statistical ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Since 2019, the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST; www.probast.org) has supported methodological quality assessments of prediction model studies. Most prediction model studies are rated with a "High" risk of bias (ROB) and researchers report low interrater reliability (IRR) using PROBAST. We aimed to (1) assess the IRR of PROBAST ratings between assessors of the same study and understand reasons for discrepancies, (2) determine which items contribute most to domain-level ROB ratings, and (3) explore the impact of consensus meetings.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We used PROBAST assessments from a systematic review of diagnostic and prognostic COVID-19 prediction models as a case study. Assessors included international experts in prediction model studies or their reviews. We assessed IRR using prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) before consensus meetings, examined bias ratings per domain-level ROB judgments, and evaluated the impact of consensus meetings by identifying rating changes after discussion.<br><br>RESULTS: We analyzed 2167 PROBAST assessments from 27 assessor pairs covering 760 prediction models: 384 developments, 242 validations, and 134 mixed assessments (including both). The IRR using PABAK was higher for overall ROB judgments (development: 0.82 [0.76; 0.89]; validation: 0.78 [0.68; 0.88]) compared to domain- and item-level judgments. Some PROBAST items frequently contributed to domain-level ROB judgments, eg, 3.5 Outcome blinding and 4.1 Sample size. Consensus discussions mainly led to item-level and never to overall ROB rating changes.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Within this case study, PROBAST assessments received high IRR at the overall ROB level, with some variation at item- and domain-level. To reduce variability, PROBAST assessors should standardize item- and domain-level judgments and hold well-structured consensus meetings between assessors of the same study.<br><br>PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: The Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST; www.probast.org) provides a set of items to assess the quality of medical studies on so-called prediction tools that calculate an individual's probability of having or developing a certain disease or health outcome. Previous research found low interrater reliability (IRR; ie, how consistently two assessors rate aspects of the same study) when using PROBAST. To understand why this is the case, we conducted a large study involving more than 30 experts from around the world, all of whom applied PROBAST to the same set of prediction tool studies. Based on more than 2150 PROBAST assessments, we identified which PROBAST items led to the most disagreements between raters, explored reasons for these disagreements, and examined whether the use of so-called consensus meetings (ie, different assessors of the same study discuss their ratings and decide on a finalized rating) impacted PROBAST ratings. Our study found that the IRR between different assessors of the same study was higher than previously reported. One explanation for the better agreement compared to previous research may be the preplanning on how to assess certain PROBAST aspects before starting the assessments, as well as holding well-structured consensus meetings. These improvements lead to a more effective use of PROBAST in evaluating the trustworthiness and quality of prediction tools in the health-care domain.}, }
@article {pmid40406036, year = {2025}, author = {Nwaudo, D and Egbe, S and Litvak, A and Strelzow, J}, title = {Impact of Transitioning to a Level 1 Trauma Center on Orthopaedic Surgical Volume and Resident Education: Case Report in Orthopaedic Education.}, journal = {JB &amp; JS open access}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40406036}, issn = {2472-7245}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Orthopaedic residents are required to complete at least 1,000 surgical cases over their 5-year training, including specific procedural categories mandated by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). This study evaluates the effects of upgrading a major academic center to an adult Level 1 trauma center (L1TC) on orthopaedic case volume, complexity, and residents' training experience. In 2018, our institution transitioned from a Level 3 to a L1TC. We retrospectively analyzed surgical records and resident case logs spanning from 2013 to 2023.<br><br>METHODS: ACGME case logs and electronic medical records (EMRs) from a single urban institution were reviewed from July 2013 to June 2023. Data were divided into pre-L1TC (2013-2018) and post-L1TC (2018-2023) periods. Trauma cases were defined by ACGME Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes in the "fracture/dislocation" and "manipulation" categories and further identified by criteria such as treatment by orthopaedic trauma surgeons, emergent scheduling, or occurrence on weekends or holidays. All other cases were categorized as elective. Linear regression analyses assessed trends in case volumes over time.<br><br>RESULTS: Total ACGME cases logged ranged from 6,172 in 2015 to 10,541 in 2018, without a significant trend over time (p = 0.17). Trauma logs increased significantly post-L1TC (p < 0.001), with an average of 2,586 (31% of all cases) compared with 1,467 (22%) pre-L1TC. Trauma case volume saw a near 12-fold increase post-L1TC (p < 0.001). Elective cases remained stable (p = 0.48) but decreased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic (p = 0.0035).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The shift to L1TC status significantly boosted trauma case exposure for residents without an observed displacement of elective cases in favor of trauma cases. Elective cases declined during the pandemic, emphasizing the role of L1TC access in sustaining training. Future studies should investigate the impact of the L1TC experience on early career proficiency in orthopaedic practice. These findings underscore the value of trauma center access in resident training and support further exploration into optimizing orthopaedic education.<br><br>LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, Case report. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.}, }
@article {pmid40405833, year = {2025}, author = {Phuong, NTT and Nguyen, HA and Trinh, TND and Trinh, KTL}, title = {A gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric strategy for DNA detection: principles and novel approaches.}, journal = {Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1039/d5ay00148j}, pmid = {40405833}, issn = {1759-9679}, abstract = {The development of nanotechnology has led to the rapid growth of many different fields, including sensors. Bulky and complex sensor systems are gradually being replaced by streamlined sensor devices with advantages in size, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and fast response, allowing qualitative detection of target analyte on-site application for clinical diagnosis. Significantly, since the COVID-19 pandemic, research on developing test kits for detecting biological molecules has grown rapidly, with an increasing number of publications. The number of studies developing colorimetric sensors based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has increased continuously over the years, demonstrating the potential application of this material. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and high biocompatibility of AuNPs make them different from many other metal nanomaterials. In addition, the peroxidase activity properties of AuNPs have also received much attention in colorimetric sensors. In this review, the colorimetric sensors developed based on the AuNP material platform for DNA detection will be discussed in detail. Among them, the commonly used synthesis methods of AuNPs based on their applications and the primary mechanism of AuNP-based colorimetric sensors for DNA detection will be discussed. In addition, AuNP-based colorimetric applications in POCT for pathogenic bacteria and viruses are also mentioned in this review to provide a broader perspective on the potential and developmental direction of AuNP-based colorimetric sensors. Another aspect this review provides is development strategies that allow simple readout using the naked eye, a spectrophotometer, or a smartphone camera, which present many opportunities for integration into other electronic devices.}, }
@article {pmid40405557, year = {2025}, author = {Gasmi, M and Hejazi, M and Muscella, A and Marsigliante, S and Sharma, A}, title = {Aging-associated changes in immunological parameters: Implications for COVID-19 immune response in the elderly.}, journal = {Physiological reports}, volume = {13}, number = {10}, pages = {e70364}, doi = {10.14814/phy2.70364}, pmid = {40405557}, issn = {2051-817X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *Aging/immunology ; Aged ; *Immunosenescence ; Immunity, Innate ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology ; }, abstract = {Aging has a profound impact on the immune system, leading to a gradual decline in its function and increased systemic inflammation, collectively known as immunosenescence and inflammaging. These changes make older adults more susceptible to infections, including COVID-19, and contribute to worse clinical outcomes, such as higher morbidity and mortality rates. This review explores immunological changes associated with aging, including impaired innate immune responses, reduced T- and B-cell function, and altered cytokine profiles. A comprehensive literature search identified relevant studies on the topic, and inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing age-related immune changes and their impact on responses to COVID-19. The findings underscore the need for targeted healthcare strategies to mitigate the negative effects of aging on immunity and improve immune resilience, and ultimately clinical outcomes and quality of life for this vulnerable population.}, }
@article {pmid40405251, year = {2025}, author = {Lüdecke, LT and Ekman, B and Arunda, MO and Bulamba, R and Daama, A and Ekström, AM and Kyasanku, E and Larsson, EC and Nkale, J and Sundewall, J}, title = {Effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on unintended pregnancies among adolescent girls and young women in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.}, journal = {Reproductive health}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {89}, pmid = {40405251}, issn = {1742-4755}, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Adolescent ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Unplanned ; Developing Countries ; Young Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Child ; *Pregnancy in Adolescence ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The response to the COVID-19 pandemic involved various lockdown measures, including school closures, which significantly impacted young populations, particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Given the well-known protective effect of regular school attendance on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), reports of disrupted education, compromised SRHR, and an increase in unintended pregnancies among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW 10-24 years) have caused major concerns. We conducted a scoping review to compile the available evidence of the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on unintended pregnancies among AGYW aged 10-24 in LMICs.<br><br>METHODS: The scoping review followed the five-stage framework by Arksey and O&#xb4;Malley. A systematic search on two comprehensive databases, using search terms related to COVID-19 and unintended pregnancies, was conducted along with grey literature searches of articles in English language published between 2019 and 2024. The systematic review software Covidence was used for publication screening, selection and data extraction.<br><br>RESULTS: After deduplication, 241 publications were screened, and 72 full-text publications were assessed for eligibility. 13 publications from the database searches, citation searching and grey literature, were included. The scoping review included seven studies that applied quantitative methods, four that used qualitative approaches and the remaining two mixed methods. Five out of 13 publications were set in Uganda, two in Kenya and two in Nigeria, while six other countries were represented once. All included studies reported increases in pregnancies among AGYW during the COVID-19 period. School dropout among girls following a pregnancy was reported to have increased. Factors associated with unintended pregnancy were school closures, limited access to SRHR services including contraceptives, and increasing sexual encounters.<br><br>CONCLUSION: School closures and other lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in unintended pregnancies among AGYW in LMICs. The long-term consequences for these young individuals, their communities and to the broader society are still to be measured and available evidence is limited, few studies have applied robust study designs, and several relied on small sample sizes. Further research is needed to build a stronger evidence base for health and socio-economic impacts of school closures and lockdowns among young people.}, }
@article {pmid40405221, year = {2025}, author = {Gabriel, KMA and Schröder, C and Wolf, R and Bolm-Audorff, U and Kienast, C and Smolinska, J and Petereit-Haack, G and Seidler, A}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 infection risk by non-healthcare occupations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England)}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {17}, doi = {10.1186/s12995-025-00462-9}, pmid = {40405221}, issn = {1745-6673}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, several industries were deemed essential. However, information on infection risk in occupational settings outside of healthcare workers and medical staff (HCWs) remain scarce. Thus, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to compile the risk of infection to SARS-CoV-2 in non-healthcare workers (non-HCWs).<br><br>METHODS: We screened three databases (EMBASE, PubMed, medR&#x3c7;iv) for studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in working population. Several stages of severity (infection, hospitalisation, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), mortality) were eligible. Occupational specifications were harmonised according to the German classification of professions (KldB). All reported risk estimators were considered. Studies were analysed for their risk of bias. Results of random-effects meta-analyses were assessed for their evidence according to GRADE. Subgroup analyses were run for 'outcome', 'comparison group', and 'risk of bias'.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 9,081 publications identified, 25 were recognised as eligible, mainly describing the first year of the pandemic. For 20 occupations, we were able to carry out meta-analyses on KldB-4-level by integrating all stages of severity. Nine occupations were identified with a statistically significantly increased risk of infection for SARS-CoV-2, four of which had a relative risk (RR) of >&#x2009;2: Occupations in meat processing (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.58 [95%-CI 1.46; 8.77]), occupations in building cleaning services (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.55 [95%-CI 1.51; 4.31]), occupations in cargo handling (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.52 [95%-CI 2.27; 2.79]) and cooks (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.53 [95%-CI 1.75; 3.67]). The certainty of evidence of eight results was found moderate or high.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The first systematic review and meta-analysis of occupational SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in occupations other than HCWs revealed a considerably elevated risk in individual related services as well as in commercial services.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42021297572.}, }
@article {pmid40405092, year = {2025}, author = {Seo, YB and Choi, YJ and Seo, JW and Kim, EJ and Lee, J and Song, JY}, title = {Therapeutic options for the treatment of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {731}, pmid = {40405092}, issn = {1471-2334}, support = {HD22C2045//Korea Health Industry Development Institute/Republic of Korea ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/therapy ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to summarize the available studies to address the question of which therapeutic agents can be utilized for patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic search in medical databases, including PubMed and Embase, for studies aligned with our objectives published between January 1, 2020, and July 22, 2024. For each study, we summarized the main symptoms targeted, study design, therapeutic regimens, evaluation tools, and clinical outcomes.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 413 studies were identified, and 39 studies were included in this review based on relevance to the research objectives. We primarily focused on high-level evidence studies, such as meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials, but observational studies were included when evidence was scarce. Therapeutic agents evaluated included hyperbaric oxygen, ivermectin, metformin, naltrexone, micronutrient supplements, antifibrotic agents, antiviral agents, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Among these, hyperbaric oxygen, antifibrotic agents, antiviral agents, and SSRIs demonstrated promising results. However, the heterogeneity of PASC symptoms posed challenges in synthesizing findings for specific symptom-based outcomes.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Given the heterogeneity of symptoms, this review highlights the need for standardized and targeted research to better address the diverse therapeutic needs of patients with PASC.<br><br>CLINICAL TRIAL: Not applicable.}, }
@article {pmid40404571, year = {2025}, author = {Pagani, W and Buysse, T and Dua, KS}, title = {Digital platforms, virtual reality, and augmented reality in gastrointestinal endoscopy training.}, journal = {Clinical endoscopy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.5946/ce.2024.354}, pmid = {40404571}, issn = {2234-2400}, abstract = {Remote training in procedural tasks has experienced robust growth in recent years, spurred by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic to meet the need for basic and continued skills development, including in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Remote endoscopy training offers learners the opportunity for skill acquisition, real-time feedback, and access to experts from around the world, and gives mentors the ability to educate trainees without the need to travel themselves. Remote training can be cost-effective but requires reliable technology and continuous assessment to ensure training quality. Ethical and legal issues related to patient safety may also exist. Training using virtual or augmented reality, on the other hand, does not involve patients and, hence, has no patient safety, legal, or ethical issues. Multiple endoscopic scenarios, from basic to advanced, can be practiced multiple times with immediate feedback on performance. These innovations are expected to not only increase individual endoscopy skills but also expand access to specialized care in remote areas, either in the same country or in underserved regions of the world. This review describes various techniques in remote endoscopy training with associated advantages and drawbacks and analyzes research outcomes on the effectiveness of remote endoscopy training.}, }
@article {pmid40404415, year = {2025}, author = {Sanghera, IS and Lawes-Wickwar, S}, title = {Barriers and facilitators to the uptake and delivery of routine childhood immunisations during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.}, journal = {The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners}, volume = {75}, number = {suppl 1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3399/bjgp25X742269}, pmid = {40404415}, issn = {1478-5242}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Parents/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Health Services Accessibility ; Infant ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Child ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Childhood vaccination remains one of the most effective public health interventions worldwide in reducing infant mortality. The COVID-19 pandemic required creative approaches to continue the delivery of vaccination clinics.<br><br>AIM: To understand the barriers and facilitators to the continuation of, and access to, community-based childhood vaccination clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHOD: A systematic search strategy was conducted in January 2023 to identify articles published between 1 January 2020 and 16 January 2023 describing barriers and facilitators for healthcare professionals and parents. Two reviewers independently screened study eligibility and assessed quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).<br><br>RESULTS: 6 studies: 5 mixed-methods and 1 qualitative, were included in the review. 4 studies surveyed parents (barriers/facilitators to vaccine uptake), and 2 studies interviewed healthcare professionals (barriers/facilitators to vaccine delivery).The findings were categorised into 3 main barriers: parent/carer awareness of vaccine service continuation, risk of contracting COVID-19 and GP administrative issues. Two common facilitators identified included: robust call-recall and opportunistic recommendations from clinicians.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The most commonly reported barriers were parents believing vaccine clinics were closed and safety concerns around contracting COVID-19. Public health messages, co-designed with patients, can consider being deployed to encourage parents to bring their children back to vaccination clinics.}, }
@article {pmid40402366, year = {2025}, author = {Ramzan, N and Butt, H and Azeem, M and Hanif, M and Mahmood, K and Rehman, S and Shahwar, D and Zeeshan, M and Ahmad, QU and Jabeen, M}, title = {Therapeutic applications of quercetin-metallic complexes: a review.}, journal = {Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40402366}, issn = {1572-8773}, abstract = {Flavonoids, especially quercetin, are widely recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, and anti-tumor properties, but their clinical application is limited by poor permeability. Different techniques of permeability enhancement of quercetin, i.e., preparation of phytosomes, conjugation with glucose, and interaction of piperine, are reported extensively, but formation of metal complexes is considered more precise and reliable. This review focuses on research conducted on the chelation of quercetin with metals, i.e., copper (II), zinc (II), iron and ruthenium. In-vitro and in-vivo therapeutic activities, biomedical applications of metal/quercetin inclusion complexes and discussions of stability concerns of quercetin alone and its metallic complexes. Conjugation of metals with quercetin augments its potential to the next level. Numerous studies revealed that quercetin/copper (Q/Cu) and quercetin/zinc (Q/Zn) can become efficacious candidates in acute myeloid leukaemia, orthopaedics and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection.}, }
@article {pmid40402311, year = {2025}, author = {Omidi, A and Zolfaghari, A and Mirab, SM and Bafghi, MH and Khosravi, M and Safdari, F and Shirani, K}, title = {Mapping the complexity of multiple sclerosis: a novel perspective on genetic, environmental, and neurobiological insights.}, journal = {Molecular biology reports}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {484}, pmid = {40402311}, issn = {1573-4978}, mesh = {Humans ; *Multiple Sclerosis/genetics/etiology/pathology ; Risk Factors ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; COVID-19/complications ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Dysbiosis/complications ; }, abstract = {Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that mainly affects young adults. MS is a neuroinflammatory disease traditionally classified as an autoimmune disorder; however, its exact cause remains unknown. A wide variety of etiology and risk factors have been proposed to contribute, among which genetics and environment are the leading ones. The heterogeneity of MS can be attributed to a variety of factors, including diverse pathobiological mechanisms. In this narrative review, before discussing the most prevalent etiologies of MS and risk factors, we look at the main neurobiological pathways, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and glymphatic system dysfunction. Several intrinsic factors, including genetics and epigenetic implications, hormones, immune system dysregulation, age, and microbiome, have definite roles in developing and worsening MS severity. However, external factors like viruses, bacteria, bioclimate impacts, environmental toxins, lifestyle factors, stress, and psychological factors revealed different or controversial impacts on MS disease. On the other hand, some nascent ones, such as intestinal dysbiosis and COVID-19, need to be further experimentally and clinically investigated. Both may contribute to MS by promoting inflammation and triggering autoimmune responses. Although it assumes that more than one factor contributes to MS development, finding the leading underlying cause and, consequently, the probable involvement mechanisms certainly could help take appropriate, efficient, and personalized therapeutic strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40402161, year = {2025}, author = {Zambianchi, JK and Benegra, M}, title = {GABAergic receptors and essential oils in anxiety and depression: a scientometric analysis.}, journal = {Natural product research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-12}, doi = {10.1080/14786419.2025.2505610}, pmid = {40402161}, issn = {1478-6427}, abstract = {This review aims to map and analyse scientific production on the effect of essential oils and their isolated compounds on GABAergic receptors with a focus on the treatment of anxiety and depression. Publications were selected from the Web of Science following the PRISMA guidelines from October 1945 to March 2024. Analysis of publication trends, geographic distribution, keywords, and influential articles was carried out using the CiteSpace and Bibliometrix tools. The results indicate that research on the topic is a recent trend, with only eight articles published before 2003 and a significant increase in publications during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The main areas of interest were Medicinal Chemistry, Plant Sciences, and Integrative and Complementary Medicine, with Brazil and China leading the publications. The study also highlights a growing interest in scientifically validating natural therapies for safer and more effective treatment options.}, }
@article {pmid40402076, year = {2025}, author = {Kohake, K and Henning, L and Dahl, S and Neuber, N and Dreiskämper, D}, title = {Associations between physical activity and health-related factors in childhood and adolescence during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of sports sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-24}, doi = {10.1080/02640414.2025.2508041}, pmid = {40402076}, issn = {1466-447X}, abstract = {Today, there is clear evidence that the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic influenced not only the physical activity (PA) behaviour of children and adolescents but also different health parameters. This study aimed at analysing the relationship between PA and health in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review in accordance with PRISMA was conducted. In April 2022, studies were searched for in nine electronic databases. Overall, 58 papers investigating more than 80,000 children and adolescents from 26 countries met full inclusion criteria. Studies examined the associations between PA and psychological health (n = 45), physical health (n = 13), social health (n = 12), general health (n = 1), and health-related habits (i.e. sleep, nutrition, screen time; n = 17). Most studies demonstrated strong evidence for relationships between PA and psychological health. Mostly positive correlations also emerged regarding the relation of PA and physical as well as social health. PA is also associated with other health-related behaviours, with screen time having an exceptional role during the pandemic. This review indicates that PA and health are associated largely even during the changed conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies are needed that focus on the causality of these relationship between PA and health by including studies with longitudinal designs.}, }
@article {pmid40401810, year = {2025}, author = {Mora, AC and Mace, CR}, title = {Standardization of Microsampling Technologies for Accurate Sensing and Reliable Diagnostics.}, journal = {ACS sensors}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acssensors.5c00667}, pmid = {40401810}, issn = {2379-3694}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the debilitating effect of overreliance on centralized sampling and testing, and generated significant momentum to investigate and validate sample types that are alternatives to the gold standard (e.g., anterior nasal vs nasopharyngeal swabs). As a result, sample collection is trending away from traditional methods at centralized health care facilities and toward at-home or point-of-care settings with devices that enable self-collection. With shifts away from regulated environments and trained personnel, it is important to remember that reliable measurements begin with standardized sample collection. To develop microsampling technologies for applications where the outcome can impact health care decisions, it is critical to (i) fully understand the sample collected (e.g., volume, composition, biological factors) and (ii) implement engineering controls for users and clinical workflow integration (e.g., usability, volume metering) to ensure precision and accuracy of a measurement. Blood sampling, once exclusively performed via venipuncture, has made the greatest strides toward remote collection with the introduction of lancet- and microneedle-based, capillary microsampling devices. However, challenges remain toward standardizing these methods, such as ensuring that measurements are hematocrit-independent. Other sample types (e.g., nasal fluid, saliva) face similar hurdles. In this Perspective, we review the current state of self-collection microsampling technologies and highlight the need to develop tools that can (i) standardize sample collection and (ii) seamlessly integrate with current clinical workflows. Ultimately, we advocate for continued innovation as technologies that support self-collection have the potential to greatly improve the diagnostic process for patients, reduce the burden on health care workers, and advance the shift toward decentralized testing.}, }
@article {pmid40401130, year = {2025}, author = {Ray, H and Khatum, J and Haldar, S and Bhowmik, P}, title = {Second brain: reviewing the gut microbiome's role in lifestyle diseases.}, journal = {Biotechnologia}, volume = {106}, number = {1}, pages = {103-122}, pmid = {40401130}, issn = {2353-9461}, abstract = {The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted another silent pandemic: lifestyle diseases. Conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, anxiety, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are increasingly becoming public health threats, affecting even younger populations worldwide. In recent years, extensive research has uncovered the pivotal role of the human gut microbiome in various aspects of human physiology, including metabolism, cellular homeostasis, immune defense, and disease development. The gut microbiome, often referred to as the "second brain," is now recognized as a key player in health and disease. Lifestyle factors such as diet, mental health, stress, exercise, and others significantly influence the composition of the gut microbiome. Imbalances in this composition, termed "dysbiosis," have been linked to a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, T2D, asthma, and neurological disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These findings underscore the profound influence of gut microbiome health on overall well-being. A working understanding of the gut microbiome's composition and its impact on disease processes is crucial for the advancement of personalized or precision medicine. This review article aims to explore recent advancements in the field, shedding light on how the gut microbiome contributes to the development and prognosis of lifestyle diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40084813, year = {2025}, author = {Davidson, SM and Andreadou, I and Antoniades, C and Bartunek, J and Basso, C and Brundel, BJJM and Byrne, RA and Chiva-Blanch, G and da Costa Martins, P and Evans, PC and Girão, H and Giricz, Z and Gollmann-Tepeköylü, C and Guzik, T and Gyöngyösi, M and Hübner, N and Joner, M and Kleinbongard, P and Krieg, T and Liehn, E and Madonna, R and Maguy, A and Paillard, M and Pesce, M and Petersen, SE and Schiattarella, GG and Sluijter, JPG and Steffens, S and Streckfuss-Bömeke, K and Thielmann, M and Tucker, A and Van Linthout, S and Wijns, W and Wojta, J and Wu, JC and Perrino, C}, title = {Opportunities and challenges for the use of human samples in translational cardiovascular research: a scientific statement of the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart, the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Surgery, the ESC Council on Basic Cardiovascular Science, the ESC Scientists of Tomorrow, the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions of the ESC, and the Heart Failure Association of the ESC.}, journal = {Cardiovascular research}, volume = {121}, number = {5}, pages = {702-729}, doi = {10.1093/cvr/cvaf023}, pmid = {40084813}, issn = {1755-3245}, support = {ANR-20-CE14-0013-01//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; 00107048//Fondation de France/ ; //Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation/ ; //Fondation Pierre Mercier Pour la Science/ ; FF19110//Swiss Heart Foundation/ ; //Italian Ministry of Health/ ; 2020YRETTX_003//Italian Ministry of University and Research/ ; //National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs/ ; E63C22000940007//EU- NextGenerationEU/ ; //German Research Foundation/ ; SFB/CRC 1470/A07//Collaborative Research Center/ ; PI21/00637//Spanish Ministry of Health/ ; //Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; 471241922//European Regional Development Fund/ ; 2020-1.1.5-GYORS&#xcd;T&#xd3;S&#xc1;V//Ministry for Innovation and Technology in Hungary/ ; RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003//Research Excellence Programme/ ; //National Heart Laboratory, Hungary/ ; //European Union/ ; VEKOP-2.3.2-16-2016-00002//National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary/ ; K_21-139105//Hungarian National Scientific Research Fund/ ; FKZ 81Z0600205//German Ministry of Research and Education/ ; 725229//EVICARE/ ; AdG788970//European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program/ ; 2019-202666//Chan Zuckerberg Foundation/ ; 16CVD03//Leducq Foundation/ ; SP/19/1/34461//Deutsches Zentrum f&#xfc;r Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung/ ; //NIH/ ; 2020-2020B003//Dutch Heart Foundation/ ; NWA.1389.20.157//NWA-ORC project CIRCULAR NWO/ ; //Oxford NIHR BRC/ ; 965286//EU/ ; 104688/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; //Acute Multidisciplinary and Interventional Centre/ ; 320030_215035/SNSF_/Swiss National Science Foundation/Switzerland ; PNRR-MR1-2022-12376858//Italian Ministry of University and Research/ ; CN00000041//Italian Ministry of University and Research/ ; 2020-1.1.5-GYORS&#xcd;T&#xd3;S&#xc1;V-2021-00011//Ministry for Innovation and Technology in Hungary/ ; TKP2021-EGA//Ministry for Innovation and Technology in Hungary/ ; TKP2021-EGA-23//Ministry for Innovation and Technology in Hungary/ ; VEKOP-2.3.3-15-2017-00016//National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary/ ; /ERC_/European Research Council/International ; SFB-1470-B03//European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program/ ; /BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; NHS AI 02443//EU/ ; 02013//EU/ ; 104688/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Translational Research, Biomedical/standards/methods ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology/therapy/physiopathology/genetics/metabolism ; *Cardiology/standards ; Consensus ; Biomarkers ; }, abstract = {Animal models offer invaluable insights into disease mechanisms but cannot entirely mimic the variability and heterogeneity of human populations, nor the increasing prevalence of multi-morbidity. Consequently, employing human samples-such as whole blood or fractions, valvular and vascular tissues, myocardium, pericardium, or human-derived cells-is essential for enhancing the translational relevance of cardiovascular research. For instance, myocardial tissue slices, which preserve crucial structural and functional characteristics of the human heart, can be used in vitro to examine drug responses. Human blood serves as a rich source of biomarkers, including extracellular vesicles, various types of RNA (miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNAs), circulating inflammatory cells, and endothelial colony-forming cells, facilitating detailed studies of cardiovascular diseases. Primary cardiomyocytes and vascular cells isolated from human tissues are invaluable for mechanistic investigations in vitro. In cases where these are unavailable, human induced pluripotent stem cells serve as effective substitutes, albeit with specific limitations. However, the use of human samples presents challenges such as ethical approvals, tissue procurement and storage, variability in patient genetics and treatment regimens, and the selection of appropriate control samples. Biobanks are central to the efficient use of these scarce and valuable resources. This scientific statement discusses opportunities to implement the use of human samples for cardiovascular research within specific clinical contexts, offers a practical framework for acquiring and utilizing different human materials, and presents examples of human sample applications for specific cardiovascular diseases, providing a valuable resource for clinicians, translational and basic scientists engaged in cardiovascular research.}, }
@article {pmid40400892, year = {2025}, author = {Ferrer, G and Valerio-Pascua, F and Alas-Pineda, C and Gaitán-Zambrano, K and Pavón-Varela, DJ}, title = {Intranasal Chlorpheniramine for Early Symptomatic Treatment of COVID-19 and the Impact on Long-COVID.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e82736}, pmid = {40400892}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {This review explores the therapeutic potential of intranasal chlorpheniramine maleate (iCPM) in managing both acute COVID-19 and Long COVID by integrating histamine H1 receptor antagonism and bitter taste receptor (T2R) activation. Current literature on histamine-mediated inflammation, T2R activation, and the dual-action mechanisms of iCPM were analyzed. Emphasis was placed on its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and mucosal immunity-enhancing properties. iCPM demonstrates significant efficacy in addressing acute COVID-19 symptoms by inhibiting histamine-mediated inflammatory pathways and reducing cytokine storms. As a T2R agonist, it enhances mucosal immunity through nitric oxide production, mucociliary clearance, and antimicrobial peptide synthesis, reducing viral replication and supporting respiratory health. Additionally, iCPM shows promise in mitigating persistent symptoms of long COVID, including fatigue, brain fog, and respiratory dysfunction, by addressing chronic inflammation and residual viral activity. The integration of H1 receptor antagonism and T2R activation positions iCPM as a novel dual-target therapy for respiratory infections. Its localized delivery and broad mechanism of action make it a promising candidate for managing both the acute and chronic phases of COVID-19. Future research should focus on large-scale clinical trials and personalized approaches based on genetic variations in T2R pathways.}, }
@article {pmid40400658, year = {2025}, author = {Moteki, Y}, title = {Research Trends and Structural Characteristics of Healthcare Research in Japan, Including the First Half of the New Coronavirus Spread Period: A Bibliometric Analysis.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {5}, pages = {e84197}, pmid = {40400658}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to characterize the trends and research features of health administration in Japan, in terms of themes and structural aspects, such as institutional affiliations, up to the early stages of the spread of the new coronavirus. Literature data were obtained from the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) database, using the search formula (Healthcare[Title/Abstract] AND Japan[Title]), and the dataset was obtained on March 15, 2025. The total number of data points analyzed was 1066. Research trends, such as the characteristics of themes based on KeyWords Plus (Clarivate, Philadelphia, USA) and their changes, and the academic structure focusing on the country of origin, institutional affiliations, and publication journals, were quantitatively analyzed using the bibliometrics tools in the R package (Biblioshiney interface) for literature up to 2021, when the impact of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) became pronounced in Japan. The KeyWords Plus analysis revealed a substantial research emphasis on healthcare human resources, and confirmed an increase in COVID-19-related research around 2020, when the impact of the novel coronavirus infection spread in Japan. Notably, the results of the bibliometric analysis highlight the aspect that healthcare human resources was one of the main focuses of the study area. However, limitations of textmining methods were observed in the export function of the CiNii database (National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan), which comprehensively collects articles written in Japanese. In order to grasp research trends in the field of healthcare in Japan, regardless of language, it is necessary to enhance multilingual support in Japanese academic information databases and develop an international academic information database (such as Web of Science, Scopus, OpenAlex, etc.) to expand the scope of collection.}, }
@article {pmid40398892, year = {2025}, author = {Petu, A and Masresha, B and Wiysonge, CS and Mwenda, J and Nyarko, K and Bwaka, A and Wanyoike, S and Mboussou, F and Impouma, B and Usman, A and Olu, OO and Gasasira, AN and Cabore, JW and Moeti, MR}, title = {Reflections on 50 years of immunisation programmes in the WHO African region: an impetus to build on the progress and address the unfinished immunisation business.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {10}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017982}, pmid = {40398892}, issn = {2059-7908}, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunization Programs/organization &amp; administration/history ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Africa/epidemiology ; World Health Organization ; SARS-CoV-2 ; History, 21st Century ; History, 20th Century ; }, abstract = {Immunisation is crucial to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals for maternal and child mortality reduction. As Africa marks the 50th anniversary of implementing immunisation programmes, it is imperative to review progress, address challenges and strategise for the future. Using available programme data, this article examines the progress made in achieving the immunisation milestones in the region, describes the success factors and lessons learnt and makes recommendations on how to immunise every African child in the coming years. The article concludes that despite significant improvements in childhood immunisation coverage, the region still falls short of global targets, with disparities across countries. Contributing factors include, among others, weak health systems, rapid population growth without corresponding increases in service delivery, vaccine hesitancy, inadequate sustainable financing and disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Moving forward, efforts to attain the global immunisation coverage milestones should focus on building on the past progress, addressing the COVID-19 setbacks, leveraging new technologies and securing sustainable immunisation funding. This can be achieved by accelerating the implementation of the Immunization Agenda 2030 and the Addis Ababa Declaration on Immunization commitments. The support of all stakeholders including political leaders, public health professionals, the vaccine industry, regional organisations, academia, donors and healthcare workers is essential for this noble endeavour.}, }
@article {pmid40398621, year = {2025}, author = {R, SS and S, X and Temitope, O and Woo, AK and Othman, A and Yung-Tsi, B and Larisa, B and Jenni, B and Caitrin, B and Min, C and M, DS and Najla, EJ and Mehdi, H and Mary, H and H, HA and Samantha, J and Michelle, K and J, LS and Amy, M and M, PK and C, PM and Waleska, P and Rachel, P and Doug, R and Wael, S and E, SH and Patricia, S and Eileen, T and Alexis, V and Rebecca, V and J, AJ and E, SB and Mariam, AJ}, title = {Current Activity Trends and Outcomes in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy - A report from the CIBMTR.}, journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2025.05.014}, pmid = {40398621}, issn = {2666-6367}, abstract = {The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) compiles annual summary slides describing trends in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and cellular therapy (CT) practice and outcomes. This year's report includes all patients receiving their first autologous and/or allogeneic HCT/CT in the United States between 2013 and 2023 or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) from 2016 and 2023, reported to CIBMTR. Relative proportion of allogeneic and autologous HCT/CT was generated as percentage of total for donor type and for patient age, disease indication, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, and race and ethnicity. Causes of death were summarized using frequencies, and the Kaplan-Meier estimator was used for estimating overall survival. New for this year, disease risk stratification reflects European LeukemiaNet cytogenetic risk score for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Use of allogeneic HCT increased substantially in 2023, recovering from a decline in activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, with growth predominately in the 65-74 year-old age group. Overall, matched unrelated donors (MUD) continue as the most common allogeneic donor source (45%) followed by haploidentical related donors (Haplo) (21%), matched related donors (MRD) (18%), mismatched unrelated donors (MMUD) (12%) and cord blood (Cord) (3%). These trends hold in the adult patient population with a notable doubling of MMUD utilization since 2020 driven by the rapid shift to post-transplant cyclophosphamide based GVHD prophylaxis (PTCy) in this setting. In the pediatric setting, Haplo was the most common donor source surpassing MRD use in 2023 followed by MUD, Cord and MMUD. Autologous HCT continued to decline slightly while use of CAR-T therapy has rapidly increased since commercial approval in 2017 with lymphoma and multiple myeloma reaching 45% and 16%, respectively in 2023. Significant recent changes in GVHD prophylaxis in the adult allogeneic HCT setting have occurred. PTCy is most common in Haplo HCT with >90% since 2016. Among other donor sources, the most rapid adoption is in MMUD HCT at 82% in 2023. In MRD and MUD, PTCy use differs by conditioning intensity with RIC/NMA higher (58% and 64%, respectively), reflecting the standard of care established by BMT CTN 1703, compared to MAC (43% and 46%, respectively). In pediatrics, calcineurin inhibitor ± others remains the most common GVHD prevention strategy for MRD (88%) and MUD (68%). Although common in the pediatric Haplo HCT setting at 68% in 2023, use of PTCy is less common across other mismatched donor types where use of abatacept or ex-vivo T cell depletion/CD34 selection accounts for 28% and 17% in MMUD, respectively. Three-year overall survival continues to significantly improve among patients receiving allogeneic (62.1% vs 55.8%) and autologous (82.6% vs 79.6%) HCT when comparing HCT from 2017-2022 versus 2012-2016 (p<0.001), respectively. In both the adult and pediatric settings, primary cause of mortality after 100 days post-HCT remains primary disease in both allogeneic (47% and 45%, respectively) and autologous (60% and 79%, respectively). HCT/CT and CAR-T use continues to grow. Relapse remains the primary cause of death in the malignant setting supporting further efforts to mitigate risk.}, }
@article {pmid40398109, year = {2025}, author = {Sekar, P and Ashok Kumar, A and Hughes, I and Mason, R and Dzienis, M}, title = {The safety of extended dosing pembrolizumab when compared to traditional dosing: A review and meta-analysis of retrospective studies.}, journal = {Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)}, volume = {204}, number = {}, pages = {108585}, doi = {10.1016/j.lungcan.2025.108585}, pmid = {40398109}, issn = {1872-8332}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: To minimise healthcare exposure in the COVID 19 era, 6-weekly extended dosing pembrolizumab became widely accepted as an alternative to 3-weekly dosing based on modelling studies. A review and meta-analysis were performed to assess the real-world safety of 6-weekly pembrolizumab in relation to 3-weekly dosing.<br><br>METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a meta-analysis encompassing retrospective studies of solid organ malignancies comparing 6-weekly pembrolizumab with 3-weekly pembrolizumab including patients switched to 6-weekly from 3-weekly pembrolizumab ("switched"). Primary outcomes were relative risk estimates (RR) of grade 3-5 immune related adverse events (irAEs) for 6-weekly and "switched" pembrolizumab in relation to 3-weekly dosing. Secondary outcomes were pooled proportions of grade 3-5 irAEs for 6-weekly, 3-weekly and "switched" patients. A random effects logistic regression was used to estimate RR and the results were depicted in forest plots.<br><br>RESULTS: 10 studies were included with a total of 592 3-weekly, 520 6-weekly and 273 "switched" patients. 6-weekly pembrolizumab was not associated with increased rates of grade 3-5 irAEs when compared to 3-weekly dosing (RR 1.16; CI 0.85-1.58, p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.35). "Switched" 6-weekly patients had no significant difference in rates of grade 3-5 irAEs when compared to 3-weekly patients (RR 1.30; CI 0.87-2.07, p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.28). Total grade 3-5 irAEs for 6-weekly, 3-weekly and "switched" pembrolizumab patients were 15&#xa0;%, 13&#xa0;% and 16&#xa0;%, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: 6-weekly pembrolizumab is not associated with increased grade 3-5 irAEs compared to 3-weekly pembrolizumab. Switching patients to 6-weekly pembrolizumab from 3-weekly dosing was not associated with an increased risk of grade 3-5 irAEs.}, }
@article {pmid40397375, year = {2025}, author = {Sansone, NMS and Mello, LS and Martins, JP and Marson, FAL}, title = {Impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 on the Indigenous Population of Brazil: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40397375}, issn = {2196-8837}, support = {88887.892875/2023-00//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 88887.823904/2023-00//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 122407/2024-5//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Indigenous peoples in Brazil were severely impacted by coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic, experiencing high rates of infection and mortality. Geographic isolation, limited access to healthcare, socio-economic disparities, and cultural factors, such as communal living and mistrust of state-led initiatives, heightened their vulnerability. Territorial invasions and oxygen shortages further exacerbated the crisis. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to explore the progression of COVID-19 in this population.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed-MEDLINE, SciELO&#xa0;(Scientific Electronic Library Online), and LILACS (Latin America and the Caribbean Health Sciences Literature) from the beginning of the pandemic in Brazil (2020) to March 2025. Studies addressing COVID-19 vaccination and epidemiological, social, and economic aspects among Indigenous populations in Brazil were included. Reviews and irrelevant studies were excluded. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 50 relevant studies were included, grouped into thematic blocks: mortality/infection, symptoms, vaccination/testing, social impacts, and birth outcomes. Several studies highlighted that being male, of Indigenous or other racial minority background, and having comorbidities increased mortality risk. In contrast, asthma was associated with reduced mortality. Pregnant Indigenous women in rural areas had 33 times higher odds of dying than their urban counterparts. Furthermore, there is a higher likelihood of very low birth weight and inadequate prenatal care among Indigenous mothers. Vaccination reduced the risk of death, particularly after full immunization, though it did not prevent hospitalization. A cohort study of 389,753 Indigenous people showed a lower full vaccination rate (48.7%) compared to the general population (74.8%). Complete vaccination reduced the risk of death by 96% among hospitalized patients. Regarding seroprevalence, Indigenous people had a 5.4% positivity rate, much higher than other racial groups, and were 4.71 times more likely to test positive than White, Black, or Mixed Individuals. Socioeconomic disparities also correlated with increased infection risk.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic worsened health disparities among Indigenous peoples in Brazil, revealing systemic inequalities, weak public policies, and limited healthcare access. This review urges culturally sensitive, community-led responses and highlights the need for disaggregated data and equitable, inclusive health strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40397294, year = {2025}, author = {Hingole, P and Saha, P and Das, S and Gundu, C and Kumar, A}, title = {Exploring the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and aging in COVID-19-Related neurological complications.}, journal = {Molecular biology reports}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {479}, pmid = {40397294}, issn = {1573-4978}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/metabolism ; *Aging/metabolism ; *Mitochondria/metabolism/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Nervous System Diseases/etiology/metabolism/virology ; Pandemics ; Mitochondrial Dynamics ; *Mitochondrial Diseases ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, posed a tremendous challenge to healthcare systems globally. Severe COVID-19 infection was reported to be associated with altered immunometabolism and cytokine storms, contributing to poor clinical outcomes and in many cases resulting in mortality. Despite promising preclinical results, many drugs have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials, highlighting the need for novel approaches to combat the virus and its severe manifestations. Mitochondria, crucial for aerobic respiration, play a pivotal role in modulating immunometabolism and neuronal function, making their compromised capability as central pathological mechanism contributing to the development of neurological complications in COVID-19. Dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics can lead to uncontrolled immune responses, underscoring the importance of mitochondrial regulation in shaping clinical outcomes. Aging further accelerates mitochondrial dysfunction, compounding immune dysregulation and neurodegeneration, making older adults particularly vulnerable to severe COVID-19 and its neurological sequelae. COVID-19 infection impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, contributing to the long-term neurological complications associated with the disease. Additionally, recent reports also suggest that up to 30% of COVID-19 patients experience lingering neurological issues, thereby highlighting the critical need for further research into mitochondrial pathways to mitigate long-tern neurological consequences of Covid-19. This review examines the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in COVID-19-induced neurological complications, its connection to aging, and potential biomarkers for clinical diagnostics. It also discusses therapeutic strategies aimed at maintaining mitochondrial integrity to improve COVID-19 outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40396597, year = {2025}, author = {Head, RJ and Buckley, JD and Martin, JH}, title = {Exploiting the vulnerability of SARS-CoV-2 with a partnership of mucosal immune function and nutrition: a narrative review.}, journal = {Nutrition research reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-54}, doi = {10.1017/S0954422425100061}, pmid = {40396597}, issn = {1475-2700}, abstract = {To achieve infectivity, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), the virus responsible for COVID-19, must first traverse the upper respiratory tract mucosal barrier. Once infection is established, the cascading complexities of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 makes intervention extremely difficult. Thus, enhancing the defensive properties of the mucosal linings of the upper respiratory tract may reduce infection by SARS-CoV2 and indeed by other viruses such as influenza, which have been responsible for the two major pandemics of the last century. In this review we summarise potential opportunities for foods and nutrients to promote an adequate mucosal immune preparedness with an aim to assist protection against infection by SARS-CoV-2; to maximise the mucosal vaccination (IgA inducing) response to existing systemic vaccines; and to play a role as adjuvants to intranasal vaccines. We identify opportunities for vitamins A, and D, zinc, probiotics, bovine colostrum and resistant starch to promote mucosal immunity and enhance the mucosal response to systemic vaccines, and for vitamin A to also improve the mucosal response to intranasal vaccination. It is possible that an entirely different virus may in the future, by way of convergent evolution, utilise a similar upper respiratory tract infection pathway. A greater research focus on mucosal lymphoid immune protection in partnership with nutrition would result in greater preparedness for such an event.}, }
@article {pmid40396505, year = {2025}, author = {Zorger, AM and Hirsch, C and Baumann, M and Feldmann, M and Bröckelmann, PJ and Mellinghoff, S and Monsef, I and Skoetz, N and Kreuzberger, N}, title = {Vaccines for preventing infections in adults with haematological malignancies.}, journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, pages = {CD015530}, pmid = {40396505}, issn = {1469-493X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hematologic Neoplasms/immunology/complications ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Adult ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Immunocompromised Host ; Bias ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects ; Influenza, Human/prevention &amp; control ; Quality of Life ; Herpes Zoster Vaccine/adverse effects ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vaccination aims to prevent infections. People who are immunocompromised, such as those with haematological malignancies, often experience higher immunosuppression, increasing their vulnerability to infections compared to individuals with solid tumours or healthy individuals.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review is to summarise and evaluate the benefits and risks of vaccines for preventing infections in adults with haematological malignancies.<br><br>SEARCH METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive systematic search in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and Web of Science on 2 December 2024 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and for controlled non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs). We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO (World Health Organization) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register.<br><br>SELECTION CRITERIA: We included RCTs and controlled NRSIs evaluating the preventive effect of vaccines on outcomes prioritised by clinical experts, patients, and patient representatives. The prioritised outcomes for adults (&#x2265; 18 years) with haematological malignancies (excluding those receiving cellular therapies) were infection incidence, all-cause mortality, quality of life, adverse events of any grade, serious adverse events, and adverse events of special interest. We looked for studies that evaluated a broad range of vaccine types (e.g. COVID-19, diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, herpes zoster, influenza, Neisseria meningitidis, pertussis, polio, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or tetanus), but we excluded live-attenuated vaccines.<br><br>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We followed current Cochrane methodological standards in the conduct of this review. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool (RoB 2) for RCTs and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) for controlled NRSIs.<br><br>MAIN RESULTS: We included six studies (four RCTs, two controlled NRSIs) with a total of 25,886 participants. We present the RCT results here and the NRSI findings from NRSIs in the full review. We judged one RCT on herpes zoster to be at low risk of bias overall, and we had 'some concerns' about bias in the other RCT on herpes zoster. We had 'some concerns' about bias in the RCTs on COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. Herpes zoster vaccines Two RCTs, involving 3067 participants with a range of haematological malignancies, evaluated vaccines for preventing herpes zoster compared to placebo or no vaccine. Vaccines may reduce herpes zoster incidence up to 21 months post-vaccination, although the 95% CI includes the possibility of no effect (4% versus 6%; RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.07 to 2.23; 2 RCTs, 3067 participants; low-certainty evidence). Vaccines probably have little to no effect on all-cause mortality up to 28 days post-vaccination (2.7% versus 2.6%; RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.64; 2548 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Vaccines slightly increase any-grade adverse events within 30 days (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.18; 3110 participants; high-certainty evidence), but probably do not increase serious adverse events within 12 months (23% versus 29%; RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.05; 562 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) after vaccination. Vaccines increase injection site adverse events substantially (40% versus 13%; RR 3.07, 95% CI 2.62 to 3.59; high-certainty evidence) and also increase systemic adverse events (10% versus 6%; RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.40; high-certainty evidence), as measured in 2548 participants within 28 days post-vaccination. Neither RCT reported quality of life. COVID-19 vaccines One RCT, involving 95 participants with lymphoma, leukaemia or myeloma, evaluated the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine compared to placebo or no vaccine. Evidence about the effect of BNT162b2 vaccine on the incidence of COVID-19 up to six months after the second dose compared to placebo or no vaccine remains very uncertain (2.2% versus 2%; RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.07 to 17.25; 1 RCT, 95 participants; very low certainty evidence). Regarding safety data (mixed population including both solid tumours and haematological malignancies), BNT162b2 vaccine probably increases the number of participants with any grade adverse events (35% versus 17.5%; RR 1.99, 95% CI 1.71 to 2.30; 1 RCT, 2328 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and there may be little to no difference concerning the number of participants experiencing serious adverse events (2.4% versus 1.7%; RR 1.43, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.54; 1 RCT, 2328 participants; low-certainty evidence). The RCT did not report all-cause mortality, quality of life, injection site adverse events or systemic adverse events. Influenza vaccines No RCTs evaluated an influenza vaccine versus placebo or no vaccine. One RCT, involving 122 participants with plasma cell disorders, evaluated different dosing regimens for an influenza vaccine on the incidence of influenza infection. Evidence is very uncertain regarding the effect of two doses of high-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine compared to one dose (with strength based on age) of influenza vaccination on the incidence of infection within the 2015 to 2016 flu season (4% versus 8%; RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.11 to 2.08; very low-certainty evidence). The RCT did not report all-cause mortality, quality of life, any-grade or serious adverse events, or injection site or systemic adverse events.<br><br>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence on vaccines for preventing infections in adults with haematological malignancies is limited and uncertain. Herpes zoster vaccines may reduce infection risk for up to 21 months, but the certainty of the evidence is low. While there is a considerable increase in short-term adverse events (high-certainty evidence), no increase in serious adverse events was observed at up to 12 months (moderate-certainty evidence). Data on long-term impacts on other outcomes are lacking. For COVID-19 and influenza vaccines, the evidence is very uncertain. We found no studies that could be included in the review of vaccines for our other infectious diseases of interest: diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), hepatitis B, Neisseria meningitidis, pertussis, polio, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or tetanus. Our review underscores the need for high-quality RCTs and controlled NRSIs with better reporting, larger samples, longer follow-ups, and a focus on patient-relevant outcomes, such as quality of life and long-term safety. A robust and continuously updated evidence base is essential to guide clinical and public health decisions.}, }
@article {pmid40396498, year = {2025}, author = {Meza, N and Franco, JV and Sguassero, Y and Núñez, V and Escobar Liquitay, CM and Rees, R and Williams, K and Rojas, V and Rojas, F and Pringsheim, T and Madrid, E}, title = {Atypical antipsychotics for autism spectrum disorder: a network meta-analysis.}, journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, pages = {CD014965}, pmid = {40396498}, issn = {1469-493X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; *Autism Spectrum Disorder/drug therapy/psychology ; Network Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Child ; Adult ; Risperidone/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Bias ; Irritable Mood/drug effects ; Olanzapine/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Aggression/drug effects ; Aripiprazole/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Placebos/therapeutic use ; Weight Gain/drug effects ; }, abstract = {RATIONALE: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit a wide variety of symptoms related to social interaction and behaviour. Atypical antipsychotics have been widely evaluated and prescribed to treat distressing symptoms (e.g. irritability, aggression, obsessions, repetitive behaviours, etc.) in children and adults with ASD. Still, their effects and relative efficacy remain unclear.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: Primary: to assess the comparative benefits of atypical antipsychotics for irritability through network meta-analyses in children and adults with ASD at short-term follow-up. Secondary: to assess the benefits and harms of atypical antipsychotics, compared to placebo or any other atypical antipsychotic, for different symptoms (e.g. aggression, obsessive-compulsive behaviours, inappropriate speech) and side effects (e.g. extrapyramidal symptoms, weight gain, metabolic side effects) in children and adults with ASD at short-, medium- and long-term follow-up.<br><br>SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, 10 other databases, and two trial registers, together with reference checking, citation searching and contact with study authors to identify studies for inclusion. The latest search was 3 January 2024.<br><br>ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any atypical antipsychotic drug with placebo or another atypical antipsychotic drug for adults and children with a clinical diagnosis of ASD.<br><br>OUTCOMES: Critical outcomes included irritability, aggression, weight gain, extrapyramidal side effects, obsessive-compulsive behaviours and inappropriate speech.<br><br>RISK OF BIAS: We used the Cochrane RoB 2 tool to assess risk of bias in the included studies.<br><br>SYNTHESIS METHODS: We performed statistical analyses using a frequentist network meta-analysis for combined estimates for the outcome irritability and a random-effects model for pairwise comparisons for other outcomes. We rated the certainty of the evidence using GRADE.<br><br>INCLUDED STUDIES: We included 17 studies with 1027 randomised participants. One study evaluated adults (31 participants); the remaining 16 studies evaluated children (996 participants). The interventions were risperidone, aripiprazole, lurasidone and olanzapine.<br><br>SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: Comparative efficacy on irritability Based on the network meta-analysis, risperidone and aripiprazole may reduce symptoms of irritability compared to placebo in the short term in children with ASD (risperidone: mean difference (MD) -7.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) -9.37 to -6.42; 13 studies, 906 participants; low-certainty evidence; aripiprazole: MD -6.26, 95% CI -7.62 to -4.91; 13 studies, 906 participants; low-certainty evidence). Lurasidone probably results in little to no difference in irritability compared to placebo in the short term (MD -1.30, 95% CI -5.46 to 2.86; 13 studies, 906 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Efficacy and safety on other outcomes We are very uncertain about the effects of atypical antipsychotics on aggression compared to placebo at short-term follow-up in children with ASD (risk ratio (RR) 1.06, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.17; 1 study, 66 participants; very low-certainty evidence). The certainty of the evidence was very low due to concerns about risk of bias and serious imprecision. We are very uncertain about the effects of atypical antipsychotics on the occurrence of weight gain (above predefined levels) compared to placebo in the short term in children with ASD (RR 2.40, 95% CI 1.25 to 4.60; 7 studies, 434 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We are also very uncertain about the effects of atypical antipsychotics on weight gain (in kilograms) compared to placebo in the short term in children with ASD (MD 1.22 kg, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.88; 3 studies, 297 participants; very low-certainty evidence). In both, the certainty of the evidence was very low due to concerns about risk of bias and serious imprecision. We are very uncertain about the effects of atypical antipsychotics on the occurrence of extrapyramidal side effects compared to placebo in the short term in children with ASD (RR 2.36, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.59; 6 studies, 511 participants; very low-certainty evidence). The certainty of the evidence was very low due to concerns about risk of bias and serious imprecision. Atypical antipsychotics may improve obsessive-compulsive behaviours compared to placebo in the short term in children with ASD (MD -1.36, 95% CI -2.45 to -0.27; 5 studies, 467 participants; low-certainty evidence). The certainty of the evidence was low due to concerns about risk of bias and heterogeneity. Atypical antipsychotics may reduce inappropriate speech compared to placebo in the short term in children with ASD (MD -1.44, 95% CI -2.11 to -0.77; 8 studies, 676 participants; low-certainty evidence). The certainty of the evidence was low due to concerns about risk of bias and heterogeneity. We were unable to evaluate the effects of other atypical antipsychotics. Furthermore, our findings on adults with autism were scarce due to the lack of available studies.<br><br>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Risperidone and aripiprazole may reduce symptoms of irritability compared to placebo in children with ASD in the short term, but lurasidone probably has little to no effect on irritability compared to placebo. Other benefits and potential harms observed ranged from moderate- to very low-certainty evidence. The available data did not allow comprehensive subgroup analyses. New randomised controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed to balance the efficacy and safety of interventions with enough certainty, which are currently scarce (or even absent in the case of the adult population). Authors should report population and intervention characteristics transparently, providing disaggregated or individual patient data when possible. Furthermore, consistent measurement methods for each outcome should be reported to avoid problems during the data synthesis process.<br><br>FUNDING: This Cochrane review had no dedicated funding.<br><br>REGISTRATION: Protocol available via 10.1002/14651858.CD014965.}, }
@article {pmid40220931, year = {2025}, author = {Ji, C and Li, S and Hu, C and Liu, T and Huang, Q and Yang, M and Yang, M and Wang, Q and Li, A and Guo, D and Huang, Y and Yin, S and Feng, S}, title = {Traditional Chinese medicine as a promising choice for future control of PEDV.}, journal = {Virus research}, volume = {356}, number = {}, pages = {199572}, doi = {10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199572}, pmid = {40220931}, issn = {1872-7492}, mesh = {Animals ; *Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/drug effects ; Swine ; *Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Swine Diseases/virology/drug therapy/prevention &amp; control ; *Coronavirus Infections/veterinary/drug therapy/virology/prevention &amp; control ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the major agent of the recent outbreaks of diarrhea in piglets, which has caused huge economic losses to the global swine industry. Since traditional vaccine strategies cannot provide complete protection for piglets, the development of safe, effective, and economical antiviral drugs is urgently needed. For many years, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been broadly applied for viral infectious diseases, exhibiting advantages such as abundant resources, lower toxicity, and minimal drug resistance. Many Chinese herbal monomers, single herbal extracts derived from these traditional drugs, and Chinese herbal recipes exhibit significant anti-PEDV effects in vitro and/or in vivo by targeting multiple sites and perspectives, including inhibition of the viral life cycle, anti-inflammation effects, enhancement of the host immune response, modulation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis. However, to date, no review has been published on the anti-PEDV effects of TCM. Therefore, this review summarizes the current control strategies for PEDV and systematically analyses the research progress of TCMs against PEDV. Furthermore, the future directions including the integration of nanotechnology and artificial intelligence with TCMs are also discussed. This review will provide a valuable reference for future studies on TCMs in antiviral research.}, }
@article {pmid39899879, year = {2025}, author = {Sochet, AA and Kiskaddon, A and Goldenberg, NA}, title = {How I approach pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in children.}, journal = {Blood}, volume = {145}, number = {21}, pages = {2439-2446}, doi = {10.1182/blood.2024026327}, pmid = {39899879}, issn = {1528-0020}, mesh = {Humans ; *Venous Thromboembolism/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/etiology ; Child ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *Anticoagulants/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Child, Preschool ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Infant ; Risk Factors ; Risk Assessment ; Hospitalization ; }, abstract = {The incidence of venous thromboembolism in children continues to rise, with the most recent analysis from the Pediatric Hospital Information Systems database in the United States reporting a 200-fold increase in pediatric hospitalization-related venous thromboembolism diagnoses over the past 2 decades. In the past decade, several pediatric venous thromboembolism risk prediction models have been published, in some cases derived from multi-institutional data, and multicenter randomized clinical trials of thromboembolism prevention in specific pediatric subpopulations have been conducted. Yet, apart from children hospitalized for COVID-19, guidelines for thromboprophylaxis (TP) in children that address several distinct at-risk subpopulations and settings for venous thromboembolism are presently lacking. It is becoming increasingly apparent that approaches to pharmacological TP for hospitalized children should be risk-stratified regarding a priori risks of both venous thromboembolism and clinically relevant bleeding. In this manuscript, we present model cases of common inpatient clinical scenarios and review the evidence related to venous thromboembolism risk models and pharmacological TP clinical trials in children, describing a pragmatic approach to pharmacological TP for each scenario. We then conclude by describing our evidence-informed, subpopulation- and setting-specific approach to pharmacological TP for the clinical scenarios and reviewing critical knowledge gaps well-suited for future pediatric trials to inform TP in children.}, }
@article {pmid39538081, year = {2025}, author = {Corriol-Rohou, S and Fürst-Recktenwald, SI and Davies, EH and Dehlinger-Kremer, M and Turner, MA}, title = {Better Medicines for Children: Lessons Learnt and Share Learnings at the EFGCP Annual Paediatric Conferences.}, journal = {Therapeutic innovation &amp; regulatory science}, volume = {59}, number = {1}, pages = {184-189}, doi = {10.1007/s43441-024-00710-w}, pmid = {39538081}, issn = {2168-4804}, mesh = {Child ; Humans ; *Congresses as Topic ; COVID-19 ; *Drug Development ; Europe ; *Pediatrics ; }, abstract = {For many years, the European Forum for Good Clinical Practice (EFGCP) Children Medicines Working Party has organised a Paediatric conference annually. In the past, this event was organised jointly with the European Medicines Agency who was used to host it, along with the Drug Information Association (DIA). This conference is the opportunity for all involved in paediatric drug development, i.e., regulators, HTA bodies, patients' representatives, academia and industry, to share learnings and raise awareness about new regulatory requirements of interest to optimise paediatric drug development. The theme of the 2021 conference was "Challenges and Solutions - the path forward" while in 2022 it focused on "Progress made and Continuing Challenges". Because of the COVID-19 pandemic these two conferences were organised virtually. However, this has not impacted the attendance and value of the conference, since because of a broad and attractive agenda there was a wide stakeholder participation, which provided a compendious overview of the leading issues to improve children's access to innovative medicines.}, }
@article {pmid39162718, year = {2025}, author = {Maizel, J and Filipp, SL and Zori, G and Yadav, S and Avaiya, K and Figg, L and Hechavarria, M and Roque, X and Anez-Zabala, C and Lal, R and Addala, A and Haller, MJ and Maahs, DM and Walker, AF}, title = {Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes Intervention Evaluations: A Scoping Review of Research Methods.}, journal = {The Journal of continuing education in the health professions}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {89-100}, doi = {10.1097/CEH.0000000000000572}, pmid = {39162718}, issn = {1554-558X}, support = {G-2005-03934//Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Community Health Services/methods ; *Outcome Assessment, Health Care/methods ; Telemedicine ; Research Design ; Program Evaluation/methods ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Since its inception in 2003, the Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) tele-education model has reached and improved outcomes for patients, providers, and health centers through interventions in >180 countries. Utilization of this model has recently increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic and a higher demand for remote education. However, limited research has examined the methodologies used to evaluate Project ECHO interventions.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a scoping review to determine the extent and types of research methods used to evaluate outcomes and implementation success of Project ECHO interventions and to identify gaps and opportunities for future investigation. Using Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework and the PRISMA-ScR checklist, we reviewed study designs, temporality, analysis methods, data sources, and levels and types of data in 121 articles evaluating Project ECHO interventions.<br><br>RESULTS: Most interventions addressed substance use disorders (24.8%, n = 30), infectious diseases (24%, n = 29), psychiatric and behavioral health conditions (21.5%, n = 26), and chronic diseases (19%, n = 23). The most frequently reported evaluation methods included cohort studies (86.8%, n = 105), longitudinal designs (74.4%, n = 90), mixed methods analysis (52.1%, n = 63), surveys (61.2%, n = 74), process evaluation measures (98.3%, n = 119), and provider-level outcome measures (84.3%, n = 102). Few evaluations used experimental designs (1.7%, n = 2), randomization (5.8%, n = 7), or comparison groups (14%, n = 17), indicating limited rigor.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This scoping review demonstrates the need for more rigorous evaluation methods to test the effectiveness of the Project ECHO model at improving outcomes and standardized reporting guidelines to enhance the dissemination of evaluation data from future Project ECHO interventions.}, }
@article {pmid40396160, year = {2025}, author = {Tisdale, RL and Burnett, K and Rogers, M and Nelson, K and Heyworth, L and Zulman, DM}, title = {An approach to evaluating the impact of virtual specialty care: the Veterans Health Administration's clinical resource hub as case study.}, journal = {JAMIA open}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {ooaf038}, pmid = {40396160}, issn = {2574-2531}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Telemedicine for specialty medical care is evolving from a COVID-19 pandemic-era requirement to an option for patients and clinicians alike, requiring evidence to guide optimal use of virtual specialty care. Heterogeneity across medical specialties complicates this evidence generation. To address this gap in the literature, we present an approach to evaluation of telehealth across specialties with the potential to generate findings generalizable across specialties and health systems.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We describe an approach to evaluation of virtual specialty care that balances widely generalizable metrics, such as patient and clinician satisfaction and avoided travel or cost, and those that are specialty-specific. We use the Veterans Health Administration (VA)'s Clinical Resource Hub program to illustrate potential applications of this approach.<br><br>RESULTS: Clinical Resource Hub clinics leverage a hub-and-spoke model to deliver virtual care across many specialties, compensating for staffing shortages and expanding access to more specialized services not available at every VA site. Use cases for these clinics span the spectrum of short-term, episodic care to long-term substitution for a usual source of specialty care and offer opportunities to apply a range of evaluation metrics that generalize across telehealth use cases.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Clinical Resource Hub clinics provide a variety of examples for this approach, demonstrating a path forward for virtual specialty care evaluation.<br><br>CONCLUSION: As the Clinical Resource Hub case illustrates, combining universal and specialty- or use case-specific metrics has the potential to build the evidence base for virtual specialty care.}, }
@article {pmid40395715, year = {2025}, author = {Hompas, T and Liang, Z}, title = {Understanding competency development of the management workforce in veterinary clinical practice: A scoping review.}, journal = {Veterinary record open}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {e70011}, pmid = {40395715}, issn = {2052-6113}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The historical challenges facing veterinary care have been exacerbated by the surge in pet ownership and demand for services following the COVID-19 pandemic. Managers in veterinary services are essential in navigating these challenges while ensuring the provision of quality animal care. Evidence from human healthcare highlights the importance of developing and supporting managers to thrive in their management roles. However, there is currently no established management competency framework to guide development of managers working in veterinary care.<br><br>METHODS: A two-step approach was used to explore the existing efforts to develop a competent veterinary management workforce. A scoping review of Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. This review aimed to identify both the key management challenges in veterinary services and specific competencies required by veterinary managers. A supplementary web-based search of professional institutions and postgraduate programmes relevant to veterinary leadership and management was also completed.<br><br>RESULTS: Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria with only five of them published after 2011. The literature identified key challenges in managing veterinary services and revealed a limited recognition of skills and competencies for veterinary managers, especially when compared with the human healthcare sector. Several professional institutions and educational programmes supporting veterinary leaders were identified.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Findings confirm that current approaches to management competency identification and development in veterinary care are insufficient. A validated, comprehensive framework to build management capability in veterinary care is urgently needed to support managers in fulfilling their roles and to promote sustainable veterinary service delivery.}, }
@article {pmid40394759, year = {2025}, author = {Christofferson, RC and Giovanni, JE and Koumans, EH and Ategbole, M and Clark, SD and Godfred-Cato, S and Menon, MP and Sastalla, I and Schweitzer, BK and Uyeki, TM}, title = {A Systematic Review of Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Immunocompromised Persons.}, journal = {Influenza and other respiratory viruses}, volume = {19}, number = {5}, pages = {e70121}, doi = {10.1111/irv.70121}, pmid = {40394759}, issn = {1750-2659}, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; *COVID-19/virology/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Virus Shedding ; RNA, Viral ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although reports have documented prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in immunocompromised patients, few studies have systematically analyzed data on duration of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens of immunocompromised patients.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken to describe SARS-CoV-2 RNA and infectious virus detection in immunocompromised patients from published data between January 1, 2020 and July 1, 2022. Patients were included if there was &#x2265;&#x2009;1 positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA result in respiratory specimens collected > 20&#x2009;days since symptom onset or first positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 183 patients, 175 were symptomatic with 83 (47.4%) that experienced intermittent relapsing symptoms, while pneumonia was reported in 122 (66.7%). Immunocompromising conditions represented were hematologic malignancy treatment (89, 48.6%), solid organ transplant (47, 25.7%), autoimmune disease treatment (14, 7.7%), solid tumor treatment (3, 1.6%), HIV infection (15, 8.2%), and primary immunodeficiency (15, 8.2%). Median duration from the first to the last positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result was 56&#x2009;days in upper respiratory and 60&#x2009;days in lower respiratory tract specimens. Significant differences in median duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection were observed between patients with and without pneumonia and for patients with hematologic malignancies compared to solid organ transplant patients. Among patients with viral culture performed, median duration of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 was 60.5&#x2009;days from symptom onset (maximum 238&#x2009;days) and 59&#x2009;days from first RT-PCR positive result (maximum 268&#x2009;days).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Immunocompromised persons can have replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory tissues for months, including while asymptomatic. Serial SARS-CoV-2 testing can inform the duration of isolation for immunocompromised patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid40394641, year = {2025}, author = {Mohammadi, K and Faramarzi, S and Yaribash, S and Valizadeh, Z and Rajabi, E and Ghavam, M and Samiee, R and Karim, B and Salehi, M and Seifi, A and Shafaati, M}, title = {Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in 2025: emerging trends and insights from community and hospital-based respiratory panel analyses-a comprehensive review.}, journal = {Virology journal}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {150}, pmid = {40394641}, issn = {1743-422X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Metapneumovirus/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Paramyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/virology/transmission ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Seasons ; Hospitals ; }, abstract = {Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a significant respiratory pathogen, primarily impacting young, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. While the clinical presentations are similar to those of other respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, and SARS-CoV-2, they can still lead to serious complications. The virus primarily transmits via respiratory droplets, with outbreaks peaking during winter and spring. In resource-limited settings, administration of multiplex PCR assays is essential for precise diagnosis, yet it presents significant challenges. Recent studies indicate a 6.24% infection rate in hospitalized patients presenting with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Enhanced surveillance and prevention are essential given the morbidity and mortality rates of hMPV, which are comparable to those of influenza and RSV. Effective management requires enhanced diagnostic tools, improved public health strategies, and continuous research into antiviral therapies and vaccines. This study highlighted the growing importance of hMPV as a respiratory pathogen, focusing on its seasonal patterns, clinical manifestations in at-risk populations, transmission dynamics, and diagnostic challenges compared to other respiratory viruses.}, }
@article {pmid40394626, year = {2025}, author = {Belita, E and Neil-Sztramko, SE and Seale, C and Zhou, F and Zogo, CO and Boamah, S and Cabaj, J and Jack, SM and Banfield, L and Neudorf, C and Watson-Creed, G and Dobbins, M}, title = {Organizational interventions to support and promote the mental health of healthcare workers during pandemics and epidemics: a systematic review.}, journal = {BMC health services research}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {731}, pmid = {40394626}, issn = {1472-6963}, support = {#WI2 179945/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; #WI2 179945/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; #WI2 179945/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; *Pandemics ; *Mental Health ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Epidemics ; Workload/psychology ; Burnout, Professional ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Understanding organizational mechanisms that protect the mental health of the healthcare workforce during pandemics and epidemics is critical to support decision-making related to worker health and safety. This systematic review aimed to identify organizational-level factors, strategies or interventions that support the mental health of healthcare workers during pandemics or epidemics.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive search was used, including online databases, a grey literature review, and handsearching of reference lists. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they described implementing or testing organizational-level factors, strategies or interventions to support healthcare workers' mental health during pandemics or epidemics. There were no limitations by language, publication status, or publication date. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction, data analysis and quality appraisal, with conflicts resolved through discussion or third-party arbitration. Data analysis was guided by the Job Demands-Resources Model. A narrative synthesis is presented, given the high degree of heterogeneity across studies.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 10,805 articles from database searches and 190 records from other sources were screened. The final review included 86 articles. Studies were of low (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;11), moderate (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;39), and high quality (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;36). Regarding job demands, 40 studies explored high work pressure or heavy workload factors, with the majority investigating working hours (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;32). Increased working hours may be associated with an increased risk of diverse mental health outcomes. Regarding job resources, leadership factors, strategies (support, appreciation, responsiveness; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;19) and leadership interventions (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;3) may be associated with decreased burnout, anxiety, stress, and increased well-being. The availability and adequacy of personal protective equipment (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;20) may be associated with decreased burnout, anxiety, depression, and stress. Mixed findings were reported on associations between diverse mental health outcomes and training and education (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;28) or peer support (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;3). Results should be interpreted cautiously given the high heterogeneity among factors, strategies, and interventions assessed and outcomes measured.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Organizational-level mechanisms can critically influence the mental health of healthcare workers' during pandemics and epidemics. More focused attention is needed to explore and act on the integral role of leadership and the availability of protective equipment to support healthcare workers' mental health.}, }
@article {pmid40394244, year = {2025}, author = {Luo, N and Huang, Q and Zhang, M and Yi, C}, title = {Functions and therapeutic applications of pseudouridylation.}, journal = {Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40394244}, issn = {1471-0080}, abstract = {The success of using pseudouridine (Ψ) and its methylation derivative in mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has sparked a renewed interest in this RNA modification, known as the 'fifth nucleotide' of RNA. In this Review, we discuss the emerging functions of pseudouridylation in gene regulation, focusing on how pseudouridine in mRNA, tRNA and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) regulates translation. We also discuss the effects of pseudouridylation on RNA secondary structure, pre-mRNA splicing, and in vitro mRNA stability. In addition to nuclear-genome-encoded RNAs, pseudouridine is also present in mitochondria-encoded rRNA, mRNA and tRNA, where it has different distributions and functions compared with their nuclear counterparts. We then discuss the therapeutic potential of programmable pseudouridylation and mRNA vaccine optimization through pseudouridylation. Lastly, we briefly describe the latest quantitative pseudouridine detection methods. We posit that pseudouridine is a highly promising modification that merits further epitranscriptomics investigation and therapeutic application.}, }
@article {pmid40393551, year = {2025}, author = {Martin, AF and Rubin, GJ and Rogers, MB and Wessely, S and Greenberg, N and Hall, CE and Pitt, A and Logan, PE and Lucas, R and Brooks, SK}, title = {The changing prevalence of ADHD? A systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {119427}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2025.119427}, pmid = {40393551}, issn = {1573-2517}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Understanding the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and changes in demand for related healthcare services is crucial for effective healthcare policy and resource allocation. Clinicians, teachers and charities have reported increasing demand for ADHD diagnoses in recent years, overwhelming support systems. This review synthesises post-2020 studies of ADHD prevalence and incidence.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted systematic searches in Web of Science, Embase, Medline, Global Health, and PsycInfo using terms relating to ADHD and prevalence. Additional sources included public health databases, Google, and study reference lists. Studies were included if they contained original data relating to general population rates of ADHD and we extracted data relating to methods of assessment and measures of prevalence and incidence. We followed PRISMA and synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines.<br><br>RESULTS: Forty studies across 17 countries, with one study spanning 42 countries, were reviewed. No significant rise in ADHD prevalence was found, although incidence was found to vary during the COVID-19 pandemic. Only four of the included studies were at low risk of bias.<br><br>LIMITATIONS: There are substantial limitations in the quality of the literature included in this review. Due to significant delays in reporting prevalence data, estimates from previous reviews may be inaccurate. There is a lack of healthcare data and no school-level data.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Significant research gaps exist in determining ADHD prevalence and incidence. The highest quality findings do not suggest an increase in prevalence since 2020 but indicate some variability in incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is urgently needed to guide clinical practice and public health policy.}, }
@article {pmid40393170, year = {2025}, author = {Pei, T and Li, W and Zhou, Z and Zhang, Q and Yu, G and Yin, S and Chen, H and Tang, J}, title = {The relationship between tryptophan metabolism and gut microbiota: Interaction mechanism and potential effects in infection treatment.}, journal = {Microbiological research}, volume = {298}, number = {}, pages = {128211}, doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2025.128211}, pmid = {40393170}, issn = {1618-0623}, abstract = {Human health is influenced by the gut microbiota, particularly in aspects of host immune homeostasis and intestinal immune response. Tryptophan (Trp) not only acts as a nutrient enhancer but also plays a critical role in the balance between host immune tolerance and gut microbiota maintenance. Both endogenous and bacterial metabolites of Trp, exert significant effects on gut microbial composition, microbial metabolism, the host immunity and the host-microbiome interface. Trp metabolites regulate host immunity by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), thereby contributing to immune homeostasis. Among Trp metabolites, AhR ligands include endogenous metabolites (such as kynurenine), and bacterial metabolites (such as indole and its derivatives). Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between Trp metabolism and 14 key microbiota, encompassing fungi (e.g., Candida albicans, Aspergillus), bacteria (e.g., Ruminococcus gnavus, Bacteroides, Prevotella copri, Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli, lactobacilli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter. Pylori), and viruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus). This review clarifies how the gut microbiota regulates Trp metabolism and uncovers the underlying mechanisms of these interactions. And increased mechanistic insight into how the microbiota modulate the host immune system through Trp metabolism may allow for the identification of innovative therapies that are specifically designed to target Trp absorption, Trp metabolites, the gut microbiota, or interactions between Trp and gut microbiota to treat both intestinal and extra-intestinal inflammation as well as microbial infections.}, }
@article {pmid40392201, year = {2025}, author = {Hagberg, L and Zetterberg, H and Gisslén, M}, title = {Neurofilament light chain as a biomarker for neuronal injury in CNS infections.}, journal = {Expert review of molecular diagnostics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1080/14737159.2025.2509023}, pmid = {40392201}, issn = {1744-8352}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In this special report, we summarize studies of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma/serum biomarker neurofilament light chain (NfL) concentrations, a key structural component of myelinated axons in neuroinfections.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: The following infections were searched for in Pub Med; Neuroinfection and biomarkers, herpes simplex encephalitis and neurofilament light chain, tick-borne encephalitis and neurofilament light chain, Lyme neuroborreliosis and neurofilament light chain, bacterial meningitis and neurofilament light chain, malaria and neurofilament light chain, COVID-19 and neurofilament light chain, HIV infection and neurofilament light chain.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: NfL can serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing disease severity and neurological complications in the acute stage of neuroinfections and can also be useful in evaluating patients with residual symptoms following acute illness.}, }
@article {pmid40198479, year = {2025}, author = {Khalil, Z and Fouly, M and Helito, P}, title = {Unprecedented case of rapid-onset autoimmune hepatitis triggered by COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, complicated by concurrent severe hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and acute liver failure in a previously healthy adult: a multidisciplinary approach and review of therapeutic interventions.}, journal = {Clinical journal of gastroenterology}, volume = {18}, number = {3}, pages = {408-416}, pmid = {40198479}, issn = {1865-7265}, mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/etiology/therapy/diagnosis ; Adult ; *Liver Failure, Acute/etiology/therapy ; *Hepatitis, Autoimmune/etiology/therapy/diagnosis ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {A previously healthy 35-year-old male developed acute autoimmune hepatitis 5 weeks after receiving his second dose of an mRNA vaccine, presenting with jaundice, elevated liver enzymes, and abdominal pain. The condition rapidly progressed to severe hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and acute liver failure, confirmed by liver biopsy and bone marrow aspirate. Despite aggressive multidisciplinary treatment, including corticosteroids, immunoglobulin, and IL-1 antagonists, the patient deteriorated, developing multi-organ failure. Emergency liver transplantation was considered but was not viable due to his unstable condition. The case highlights a potential rare vaccine-associated immune response which we believe has not been reported in the literature, requiring prompt recognition and multidisciplinary management. Further research is needed to understand the underlying immunogenic triggers and optimize treatment.}, }
@article {pmid40395855, year = {2024}, author = {Zhao, X and Jiang, Y and Zhou, Y and Yan, J}, title = {Force-dependent rapid immunoassay of high specificity and sensitivity.}, journal = {Mechanobiology in medicine}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {100061}, pmid = {40395855}, issn = {2949-9070}, abstract = {The significance of early detection and isolation of infected individuals, along with the quantitative assessment of antibodies against the virus, has gained widespread recognition during the ongoing covid-19 pandemic. This necessitates the development of cost-effective, user-friendly, decentralized testing methods characterized by both high sensitivity and specificity. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of an innovative, low-cost rapid decentralized immunoassay technology, applicable across various diagnostic and quantitative testing scenarios. Distinguishing itself from conventional immunoassay technologies, this method is featured with mechanically enhanced specificity without compromising sensitivity. We delve into the basic principle of the technology and a comparative analysis of this technology in relation to other immunodiagnostic methods, highlighting its potential applications in a wide spectrum of diagnostic tests.}, }
@article {pmid37698747, year = {2025}, author = {Theron, LC and Cockcroft, K and Annalakshmi, N and Rodgers, JG and Akinduyo, TE and Fouché, A}, title = {Emerging Adult Resilience to the Early Stages of the COVID-Pandemic: A Systematic Scoping Review.}, journal = {Child psychiatry and human development}, volume = {56}, number = {3}, pages = {793-808}, pmid = {37698747}, issn = {1573-3327}, support = {JNI20/1009//National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Resilience, Psychological ; Adult ; Social Support ; Young Adult ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Human resilience to COVID-19 related stressors remains a pressing concern following the aftereffects of the pandemic and in the face of probable future pandemics. In response, we systematically scoped the available literature (n = 2030 records) to determine the nature and extent of research on emerging adults' adaptive responses to COVID-19 stressors in the early stages of the pandemic. Using a multisystem resilience framework, our narrative review of 48 eligible studies unpacks the personal, relational, institutional and/or physical ecological resources that enabled positive emerging adult outcomes to COVID-18 stressors. We found that there is a geographical bias in studies on this topic, with majority world contexts poorly represented. Resources leading to positive outcomes foregrounded psychological and social support, while institutional and ecological supports were seldom mentioned. Multisystemic combinations of resources were rarely considered. This knowledge has valuable implications for understanding resilience in the context of other large-scale adverse conditions.}, }
@article {pmid40391396, year = {2025}, author = {Vasquez, I and Xue, R and Srivastava, I}, title = {Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanotags: Design Strategies, Biomedical Applications, and Integration of Machine Learning.}, journal = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {e70015}, doi = {10.1002/wnan.70015}, pmid = {40391396}, issn = {1939-0041}, mesh = {*Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods ; Humans ; *Machine Learning ; Animals ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; }, abstract = {Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a transformative technique for molecular identification, offering exceptional sensitivity, signal specificity, and resistance to photobleaching, making it invaluable for disease diagnosis, monitoring, and spectroscopy-guided surgeries. Unlike traditional Raman spectroscopy, which relies on weak scattering signals, SERS amplifies Raman signals using plasmonic nanoparticles, enabling highly sensitive molecular detection. This technological advancement has led to the development of SERS nanotags with remarkable multiplexing capabilities for biosensing applications. Recent progress has expanded the use of SERS nanotags in bioimaging, theranostics, and more recently, liquid biopsy. The distinction between SERS and conventional Raman spectroscopy is highlighted, followed by an exploration of the molecular assembly of SERS nanotags. Significant progress in bioimaging is summarized, including in vitro studies on 2D/3D cell cultures, ex vivo tissue imaging, in vivo diagnostics, spectroscopic-guided surgery for tumor margin delineation, and liquid biopsy tools for detecting cancer and SARS-CoV-2. A particular focus is the integration of machine learning (ML) and deep learning algorithms to boost SERS nanotag efficacy in liquid biopsies. Finally, it addresses the challenges in the clinical translation of SERS nanotags and offers strategies to overcome these obstacles.}, }
@article {pmid40391312, year = {2025}, author = {Atarodi, A and Kalankesh, LR and Ghaderi Nansa, L and Vaziri, MH and Hajighasemkhan, A}, title = {Association between COVID-19 Mortality and Underlying Disease; Tehran, Iran.}, journal = {Journal of caring sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {37-41}, pmid = {40391312}, issn = {2251-9920}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease has emerged as one of the major health challenges in the 21st century. This study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 mortality and underlying disease in Tehran.<br><br>METHODS: The retrospective, epidemiological study was conducted from January 1, 2019, to May 31, 2021, in hospitals in Tehran, Iran based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Data concerning coronary cases with underlying disease (8018) and related demographic and clinical characteristics are collected by hospitals. Additionally, logistic regression was examined to determine the association between COVID-19 mortality and underlying disease.<br><br>RESULTS: The result shows that incurable diseases (47.3%) and cancer (67.7%) had the lowest while; pulmonary disease showed the highest recovery day (80.7%) between various underlying conditions. In addition, cancer and pulmonary disease show 10.41 and 7.3 hospitalization days, respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed that mortality in cases with cancer as an underlying disease is 4.72 times higher than in cases without cancer (95% CI: 4.08-5.46). Moreover, the adjusted regression analysis showed that the mortality in multiple underlying conditions such as cancer, respiratory issues, cardiovascular problems, and diabetes are 5.48, 2.75, 4.081, and 3.162 times higher, respectively (P<0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide valuable insights into how specific underlying health conditions can increase the risk of COVID-19 mortality, hospitalization, and recovery time.}, }
@article {pmid40391308, year = {2025}, author = {Namdar Areshtanab, H and Hosseinzadeh, M and Ebrahimi, H and Arshadi Bostanabad, M and Sepehrnia, N}, title = {Health Anxiety and Its Relationship with Academic Performance and Learning Styles among Nursing Students during COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of caring sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {52-57}, pmid = {40391308}, issn = {2251-9920}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate health anxiety and its relationships with academic performance and learning styles among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 365 participants selected through stratified random sampling in Iran in 2021. Data were collected using Health Anxiety Inventory, Visual, Aural, Reading/Writing, and Kinesthetic Learning Styles Questionnaire and students' self-reported grade point average (GPA). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and chi-square test) by SPSS version 13.<br><br>RESULTS: The mean (SD) health anxiety score among nursing students was 24.33(9.79) on a range of 0-54; and the mean (SD) of GPA was 15.60 (1.51) on a range of 0-20. The majority of students (85.8%) had a unimodal learning style, with the dominant pattern being kinetic-motor (39.7%). The study found a negative correlation between health anxiety and academic performance (r=-0.19, P&#x2264;0.05). However, no significant association was identified between health anxiety and learning style (r=-0.27, P=0.42). The analysis of health anxiety among participants indicated notable differences based on demographic factors such as sex, interest in nursing, and education level (P<0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study revealed a moderate level of health anxiety among Iranian nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified a significant negative correlation between health anxiety and academic performance. These findings underscore the need for interventions targeting health anxiety to potentially improve academic outcomes for nursing students, as reducing anxiety levels can enhance focus, learning capacity, and overall academic performance.}, }
@article {pmid40391044, year = {2025}, author = {Duenas, K and Chwa, WJ and Hoque, F}, title = {Overview of Long COVID: Navigating the Aftermath.}, journal = {Journal of Brown hospital medicine}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {133879}, pmid = {40391044}, issn = {2994-5593}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was a global health crisis with far-reaching consequences. Among these were physical and mental health complications that emerged weeks or even months after the initial COVID-19 infection, collectively termed "long COVID" or "post-COVID syndrome." Identifying the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and management strategies for long COVID is crucial for both clinicians and patients, which is the focus of this review. The prevalence of long COVID varies across studies, generally ranging from 5% to 20%. Prominent risk factors include female sex, older age, a high number of acute symptoms, lower socioeconomic status, and underlying comorbidities such as diabetes, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The clinical manifestations of long COVID are diverse; beyond the commonly reported symptoms of fatigue, malaise, ageusia, and anosmia, neuropsychiatric complications such as headache, cognitive deficits, and depression are also potential outcomes. Although there is currently no consensus on the management of long COVID, multidisciplinary care teams with appropriate referrals and follow-up diagnostic studies are essential in evaluating the clinical course of long COVID patients.}, }
@article {pmid40389865, year = {2025}, author = {Fatoke, B and Hui, AL and Saqib, M and Vashisth, M and Aremu, SO and Aremu, DO and Aremu, DB}, title = {Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a predictor of severe outcomes in COVID-19 - a systematic review and meta-analyses.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {719}, pmid = {40389865}, issn = {1471-2334}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications/therapy ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/mortality ; Respiration, Artificial/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to global health, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) emerging as a key risk factor for adverse outcomes. This study systematically reviews and quantifies the association between T2DM and COVID-19 outcomes, including mortality, severity, and need for mechanical ventilation.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted that adhered to PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase for studies published from december 2019 to march 2024. Eligible studies reported on the impact of T2DM on COVID-19 outcomes in the adult population. Data were extracted and analyzed using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I[2] statistic. Publication bias was assessed using Egger regression, Kendall's Tau, and the Fail-safe N calculation.<br><br>RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis for mortality, six for severity and five for mechanical ventilation. T2DM was significantly associated with higher mortality (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.66, 95% CI: 2.20-5.11, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), higher severity (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.97, 95% CI: 1.02-2.92, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), and higher need for mechanical ventilation (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.34, 95% CI: 1.18-3.49, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Heterogeneity was high for mortality (I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;83.83%) but low for severity and mechanical ventilation (I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;0%). No significant publication bias was found.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: T2DM is associated with significantly worse outcomes in COVID-19 patients, including higher mortality, higher severity and a greater likelihood of needing mechanical ventilation. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions and management strategies for individuals with T2DM during the ongoing pandemic. Future research should focus on understanding the underlying mechanisms and exploring strategies to mitigate these risks.}, }
@article {pmid40389321, year = {2025}, author = {Nagappan, PG and Tan, SRX and Absar, S and Brown, S and Sayers, S and McManus, A and Arora, A and Kuhn, I and Khan, F and Lau, E and Tulinius, C}, title = {Changes in medical student attendance at in-person teaching sessions: a systematic review.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {e091768}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091768}, pmid = {40389321}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *Students, Medical/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Education, Distance ; *Teaching ; *Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; *Education, Medical ; United Kingdom ; Schools, Medical ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on medical education, with many institutions shifting to online learning to ensure the safety of students and staff. However, there appears to be a decline in in-person attendance at medical schools across the UK and worldwide following the relaxation of social distancing rules and the reinstatement of in-person teaching. Importantly, this trend was also observed before the pandemic. While reflected within the literature, there is currently no systematic review describing these changes. We aim to find out how medical students' attendance is changing as documented within the literature and its impact on their educational outcomes.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review followed the guidelines of the Centre of Research and Dissemination, Moose and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We searched the major databases of Medline via Ovid, Embase via Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, British Education Index via EBSCOhost and ERIC via EBSCOhost in September 2023. Two reviewers independently screened each paper and extracted the data, with a third reviewer for dispute resolution. All studies reporting on medical students from various universities, both graduate and undergraduate, and describing changes in attendance and/or students' educational outcomes were included. Risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality tool. A narrative synthesis of the findings from all included studies was done.<br><br>RESULTS: 12 papers were included in the analysis.<br><br>PRIMARY AIM: Of the eight papers that measured attendance data over more than one academic year, only one paper demonstrated a statistically significant decrease while one paper demonstrated a statistically significant increase in attendance over the observational period. Other papers either did not perform statistical tests or did not demonstrate statistical significance. Secondary aims: Most papers showed a general positive correlation between attendance and educational outcomes. No studies explicitly explored reasons for changes in attendance seen. Only one paper outlined a possible strategy to address changes in attendance, a mandatory attendance policy, which has mixed outcomes.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Despite widespread anecdotally reported attendance decline post-COVID-19, overall, there was no consistent change in attendance noted. However, there was a large heterogeneity in the studies included. Further research is required to elucidate trends in attendance and its impact on medical education.}, }
@article {pmid40389117, year = {2025}, author = {Rudroff, T}, title = {Climate crossroads: How global warming drives coronavirus emergence, the long COVID crisis of tomorrow, and AI's role in navigating our future.}, journal = {Infectious diseases now}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {105091}, doi = {10.1016/j.idnow.2025.105091}, pmid = {40389117}, issn = {2666-9919}, abstract = {This narrative review examines the critical nexus between climate change, coronavirus emergence, and Long COVID-a triad that may shape public health outcomes for generations. Climate change disrupts ecological balances that have historically limited viral spillover events, creating novel interfaces between wildlife reservoirs and human populations. The coronavirus family presents particular concern due to its diversity, adaptability, and demonstrated capacity for cross-species transmission. With over 200 coronaviruses identified in bat populations alone, this vast reservoir of genetic diversity, combined with the family's propensity for recombination, creates substantial pandemic potential that climate disruption may further amplify. Long COVID has revealed another dimension of the coronavirus threat: the potential for significant chronic disease burden following acute infection. This complex multisystem condition affects a substantial portion of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, with mechanisms including viral persistence, autoimmunity, microclot formation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Future projections suggest that climate change could increase global viral spillover risk by 30-45% by 2070, particularly in Southeast Asia, Central Africa, and parts of South America. Artificial intelligence offers promising tools for addressing these interconnected challenges through enhanced surveillance, accelerated therapeutic development, and optimized healthcare delivery. Understanding the climate-coronavirus-chronic illness nexus has become essential to the development of resilient health systems and effective planetary health policies face to an uncertain future.}, }
@article {pmid40388534, year = {2025}, author = {Park, T and Brickwood, S and Buss, K and Tran, V and Parsons, D and Wisely, K and Gillett, K and Lavis, H and Heaney, S}, title = {Virtually delivered lifestyle interventions for overweight and obese pregnant people: A systematic review.}, journal = {Women's health (London, England)}, volume = {21}, number = {}, pages = {17455057251336292}, doi = {10.1177/17455057251336292}, pmid = {40388534}, issn = {1745-5065}, mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Telemedicine ; *Overweight/therapy ; *Obesity/therapy ; *Pregnancy Complications/prevention &amp; control/therapy ; Gestational Weight Gain ; Exercise ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Life Style ; *Pregnant People ; Adult ; Prenatal Care/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Gestational weight gain (GWG) impacts both foetal and maternal health outcomes, with excessive GWG in overweight and obese people further increasing the risk of complications for this population. Lifestyle changes including consuming a healthy diet and physical activity are core strategies for management. Since 2020 and the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, use of telehealth has increased; however, little is known about the effectiveness of virtually delivered strategies for maintaining healthy gestational weight during pregnancy.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To describe the effect of virtually delivered lifestyle interventions on promoting healthy GWG and reducing maternal and foetal complications associated with excessive GWG, with the view to inform future clinical practice.<br><br>DESIGN: This systematic review followed preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and targeted quantitative studies assessing virtually delivered lifestyle interventions for maintaining healthy gestational weight for overweight and obese pregnant individuals aged 18 and older.<br><br>DATA SOURCES AND METHODS: Six databases (MEDLINE, CINHAL, EMBASE, EMCARE, MIDIRS and APA PsycINFO) were searched using a rigorous search strategy. Data extraction investigated mode of telehealth delivery, intervention type and GWG outcomes. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool and risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias assessment (RoB-2).<br><br>RESULTS: Nine studies met inclusion criteria and within those studies, six different telehealth modalities were identified. Interventions varied and included GWG tracking, step counts, diet and exercise goal setting. Effectiveness of studies was inconsistent, with five studies demonstrating lower GWG.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Results suggest that lifestyle interventions delivered via telehealth may be effective at reducing excessive GWG. The development of targeted interventions integrated into obstetric guidelines aimed at reducing excessive GWG via telehealth platforms should be considered as a strategy not only for pandemic situations, but to increase antenatal care and service access.<br><br>REGISTRATION: PROSPERO International Prospective Register on 26 January 2023 (CRD42023392095).}, }
@article {pmid40387617, year = {2025}, author = {Ogini, F and Elesho, R and Awuonda, M}, title = {Assessment of Patients' Postpandemic Perception of Telehealth Utilization: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1089/tmj.2024.0604}, pmid = {40387617}, issn = {1556-3669}, abstract = {Background: Studies have reported telehealth benefits, focusing on telehealth performance during the pandemic. However, there is a need to assess the persistence of patients' satisfaction beyond the pandemic. The objective of this work was to evaluate patient satisfaction, acceptance, and utilization of telehealth in the postpandemic years, highlighting significant barriers and potential areas for future studies. Methods: Published studies were identified from PubMed and Scopus databases from January 2022 to January 2024. Predesigned inclusion/exclusion criteria and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram were applied. Search terms related to "Post-pandemic," "Patient satisfaction," and "Telehealth" were used, and the primary outcomes of interest (patients' perception and satisfaction) were extracted from the articles. Results: A total of 228 articles were obtained from the literature search. After screening, 17 articles were included in the study. Most studies recorded sustained satisfaction and a decrease in utilization early postpandemic. Recurring areas of concern reported by patients were barriers related to patient-physician communication, the ineffectiveness of telehealth due to a lack of physical examination, and the preference for telehealth for less severe conditions. Individuals without prior telehealth experience had the lowest tendency to utilize telehealth. Treatment time, reduced trust in specialist competency, and lack of familiarity with telehealth modality were identified as nonconventional factors influencing telehealth utilization. Conclusion: Telehealth remains an essential form of care delivery in the postpandemic years. This review emphasizes the need for more up-to-date research on patients' telehealth perceptions. The recurring barriers, emerging nonconventional factors, and telehealth optimization for less preferred visit types are areas for future research.}, }
@article {pmid40386870, year = {2024}, author = {Milevska Kostova, N and Atanasova, S and Dimkovski, V and Stevanovski, G and Stæhr Johansen, A and Winkelmann, J and Rechel, B}, title = {North Macedonia: Health System Review.}, journal = {Health systems in transition}, volume = {26}, number = {6}, pages = {1-164}, pmid = {40386870}, issn = {1817-6127}, mesh = {Humans ; Republic of North Macedonia/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Care Reform/organization &amp; administration ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration/economics ; Health Services Accessibility/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Health Expenditures ; Healthcare Financing ; Universal Health Insurance ; }, abstract = {This analysis of North Macedonia's health system reviews developments in its organization and governance, financing, provision of services, health reforms and health system performance. Life expectancy improved prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, but remains far below the EU average, and the country still struggles with comparatively high levels of morbidity and mor¬tality. The social health insurance system covers almost the entire population and progress has been achieved in providing access to publicly covered essential health services. However, challenges remain for patients in access¬ing health services and in financial protection. Geographical accessibility of services varies, with better access in the capital and major cities compared to smaller towns and rural areas. In terms of health financing, the health system offers universal population coverage for a wide range of benefits and services, which are free at the point of delivery or require only minimal co-payments to prevent overuse. Yet the share of private spending on health as a percentage of current health expenditure is high, which undermines the achievement of key health system goals, such as financial protection, equity and efficiency. The health workforce has been a focus of health reforms and efforts are underway to strengthen education and training to improve the skill mix and competences of the health workforce to respond to new challenges and an ageing population. The ratio of physicians per population has increased markedly in recent years, but remains below the EU average. The priorities for the country in the National Health Strategy 2021-2030 are restructuring the hospital system, continuing the country's primary care reform, and improving quality of care while increasing the efficiency of resource use. Access to medicines has improved, but further efforts are needed to ensure access to innovative medicines and treatments. Overall, the Macedonian health system has made important progress, especially in terms of digitalization of health care and access to e-services and telemedicine, but unmet needs remain an issue. The main outstanding challenges include increasing the responsiveness of the health system to population needs; redistributing resources and activities from hospitals to primary care; ensuring access to medicines; and safeguarding the financial sustainability of the health system.}, }
@article {pmid40386630, year = {2025}, author = {Poddar, A and Rao, SR}, title = {Innovation landscape in nanobiosensors for COVID-19 detection and future implications for a resilient Global Health Security.}, journal = {3 Biotech}, volume = {15}, number = {6}, pages = {170}, pmid = {40386630}, issn = {2190-572X}, abstract = {This review presents a comprehensive analysis of nanobiosensors (NBSs) advancements for COVID-19 detection, highlighting their repurposing potential to enhance global health security against emerging threats. It outlines the use of various nanomaterials like gold and magnetic nanoparticles in developing NBSs for detecting SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing their adaptability and rapid detection capabilities. Gold nanoparticles are highlighted for their superior surface chemistries and stability, making them ideal for label-free COVID-19 detection and other diagnostic applications. Magnetic nanoparticles, particularly superparamagnetic iron oxides, offer alternative detection mechanisms based on magnetism, providing high sensitivity and reliability in pathogen detection. The document also discusses nonmetallic nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes and selenium nanoparticles, which have been used to develop optical and electrochemical NBSs for COVID-19 detection. Breathalyzers are recognized for their noninvasive, rapid detection of volatile organic compounds specific to COVID-19. Such advancements in NBSs have significantly contributed to global health security by providing reliable, portable, and affordable diagnostic solutions, especially in resource-limited settings. However, despite technological advancements, commercialization and market adoption challenges persist, necessitating improvements in manufacturing scalability, cost reduction, and clinical validation. The document emphasizes the need for transparent and efficient regulatory strategies to address concerns related to nanomaterial toxicity, health effects, and environmental impact during the R&amp;D phase. While presenting a comprehensive framework for successful research to market translation, this review highlights the need for cross-sectoral collaboration to tailor country-specific nanotechnology roadmaps for optimized resource allocation, navigating diverse regulations, and addressing unique societal needs.}, }
@article {pmid40386461, year = {2025}, author = {Nain, A and Bohra, NS and Singh, A and Verma, R and Kumar, R and Kumar, R}, title = {Mapping the landscape: A bibliometric analysis of AI and teacher collaboration in educational research.}, journal = {F1000Research}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {201}, pmid = {40386461}, issn = {2046-1402}, mesh = {*Bibliometrics ; Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Cooperative Behavior ; COVID-19 ; *Research ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study intends to investigate the relationship between artificial intelligence and teachers' collaboration in educational research in response to the growing use of technologies and the current status of the field.<br><br>METHODS: A total of 62 publications were looked at through a systematic review that included data mining, analytics, and bibliometric methods.<br><br>RESULT: The study shows a steady increase in the field of artificial intelligence and teacher collaboration in educational research, especially in the last few years with the involvement of the USA, China, and India. Education and information technology are the main contributors to this field of study, followed by an international review of open and distance learning research. The Scopus database was chosen for this study because of its extensive coverage of high-quality, peer-reviewed literature and robust indexing system, making it a dependable source for conducting bibliometric analyses. Scopus offers substantial information, citations tracking, and multidisciplinary coverage, which are critical for spotting publication trends, significant articles, major themes, and keywords in the area. The findings show that education and information technology make the most significant contributions to this sector, followed by international studies on open and distance learning.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Over a three-year period, the average citation value is 12.44%. The education system, learning, e-learning, sustainability, COVID-19 issues, team challenges, organizational conflicts, and digital transformation are just a few of the topics it significantly contributes to. The study acknowledges its limitations and considers potential avenues for additional research. The results also emphasize important gaps in the literature, highlighting the necessity for more research. This information can help develop strategic approaches to address issues and take advantage of opportunities relating to artificial intelligence and teacher collaboration in higher education and research. The study's ultimate goal is to offer guidance for tactics that promote teachers' cooperation in educational research and the development of artificial intelligence.}, }
@article {pmid40385980, year = {2025}, author = {Sklienka, P and Burša, F and Frelich, M and Máca, J and Romanová, T and Vodička, V and Straková, H and Bílená, M and Jor, O and Neiser, J and Tomášková, H}, title = {Lessons Learned From Awake ECMO Approach in Covid-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - a Scoping Review.}, journal = {Therapeutics and clinical risk management}, volume = {21}, number = {}, pages = {655-668}, pmid = {40385980}, issn = {1176-6336}, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, specific COVID-19-related conditions renewed interest in the full-awake venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ([fa] V-V ECMO) approach, in which ECMO is applied to awake, cooperative, and non-intubated patients. This scoping review aims to provide a descriptive overview of [fa] V-V ECMO in patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS). We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using the keywords "awake ECMO" or "spontaneous breathing AND ECMO", combined with "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2" or "coronavirus", utilizing the Boolean operator "AND". The search included papers published from November 1, 2019, to December 31, 2024. Sixty-four papers were assessed for eligibility at the abstract level, and fourteen articles (seven small-sample cohort studies and seven case reports) comprising 95 patients were included in the final analysis. The most frequent reasons for preferring [fa] V-V ECMO over mechanical ventilation were barotrauma and patient refusal of intubation and mechanical ventilation. The [fa] V-V ECMO strategy was successful (ie, patients not intubated, disconnected from ECMO, and discharged from the hospital) in 36.4% of cases (cohort studies only). The incidence of defined severe adverse events (bleeding, thrombosis, cannula malposition, delirium, and progression of barotrauma) was considered low. The mortality rate for CARDS patients treated with [fa] V-V ECMO (including only patients from cohort studies) reached 33.0%, notably lower than the 48% reported for CARDS patients treated with V-V ECMO in the ELSO registry. Patients who were intubated due to worsening respiratory failure during [fa] V-V ECMO had significantly higher mortality. Infectious complications, sepsis, and multiorgan failure were the most frequent causes of death. However, significant heterogeneity in the definitions and reporting of management, ECMO-related complications, and outcomes was observed across the papers. Despite the heterogeneity of the data, [fa] V-V ECMO in CARDS patients can be considered a safe approach associated with a lower mortality rate than that reported in the overall V-V ECMO CARDS population.}, }
@article {pmid40385903, year = {2025}, author = {Saran, E and Brenna, CT and Brar, A and Lee, J and Thomas, D and Huszti, E and Sharma, S and Ladha, KS}, title = {Academic Output of Anesthesiology Departments in Canada From 2014 to 2023: A Bibliometric Analysis Study.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e82452}, pmid = {40385903}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Anesthesia research is essential for advancing clinical practice and patient care. The purpose of this study was to analyze research productivity in Canadian anesthesiology departments from 2014 to 2023, focusing on trends in publication volume, methodology, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. A bibliometric analysis was conducted following a pre-registered protocol to identify articles in the PubMed database, which were published between 2014 and 2023 (inclusive) with corresponding authors from Canadian anesthesiology departments. Data extracted for each article included the year of publication, journal, and study design. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to compare trends, while annual publication rates were assessed with linear regression. An interaction term captured differences between pre-pandemic (2014-2020) and post-pandemic (2021-2023) periods. A total of 3,490 articles met the inclusion criteria. From 2014 to 2020 (pre-pandemic period), publication volume increased significantly by 28.7 studies/year (95% CI: 19.2-38.2, p < 0.001). In contrast, 2021-2023 (post-pandemic period) showed a non-significant decline of 13.0 studies/year (95% CI: -48.6-22.6, p = 0.405). Pre-pandemic trends showed significant growth in reviews, case-control/cohort studies, and surveys, while publication rates declined across most categories after 2020. Our findings illustrate an increase in research productivity among Canadian anesthesiology departments from 2014 to 2020, followed by a plateau in publication volume after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This stagnation highlights a critical area for future exploration, including examining how pandemic-related factors, such as shifts in clinical priorities, resource allocation, and adoption of telemedicine in pre-operative clinics, have influenced research productivity. As the field of anesthesiology adapts to post-pandemic realities, ongoing bibliometric studies will be essential to monitor these trends and guide the trajectory of Canadian anesthesia research amid emerging clinical challenges and evolving academic priorities.}, }
@article {pmid40385745, year = {2025}, author = {Puia, D and Ivanuta, M and Pricop, C}, title = {A Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 Publications Between January 2019 and February 2025 by Romanian Authors.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e82339}, pmid = {40385745}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, had profound global consequences, including significant mortality, economic disruption, and strain on healthcare systems. Romania was also severely affected, with Suceava County being dubbed the "Romanian Lombardy" due to its high infection rates. In response, Romanian researchers actively contributed to scientific literature on COVID-19, producing numerous publications addressing epidemiology, public health policies, and medical treatments. This study aims to analyze Romanian scientific contributions related to COVID-19 using bibliometric methods. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using Web of Science, focusing on publications from Romanian universities, hospitals, and medical organizations. Articles were selected based on relevance to medicine, while non-research publications such as editorials and book reviews were excluded. The study employed VOSviewer (available at https://www.vosviewer.com/) for co-authorship and keyword analysis, alongside CiteSpace (available at https://citespace.podia.com/) for citation burst analysis. Between January 2019 and March 2025, 4,720 COVID-19-related articles with at least one Romanian author were indexed in Web of Science. After applying the inclusion criteria, 336 articles remained. The most productive authors were from Dunărea de Jos University, Galați, and the University of Oradea. Most studies were published in MDPI journals, with predominant research areas including internal medicine, pharmacology, and experimental medicine. Keyword analysis highlighted major research themes such as COVID-19 impact, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and pandemic response. Romanian research significantly influenced public health policies, guiding pandemic management strategies. The crisis accelerated digital healthcare adoption, including telemedicine services. Biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were identified as predictors of COVID-19 severity. Additionally, the pandemic had severe psychological and social consequences, particularly among vulnerable populations. This bibliometric analysis underscores the substantial role of Romanian researchers in the global fight against COVID-19 and the lasting impact of their contributions. Understanding Romania's scientific contribution to COVID-19 literature helps assess the country's research impact, identify strengths in key areas, and highlight opportunities for international collaboration in pandemic-related studies.}, }
@article {pmid40385588, year = {2025}, author = {Ranque, B and Cogan, E}, title = {Internal medicine at the crossroads of long COVID diagnosis and management.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1521472}, pmid = {40385588}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {The lack of specificity in its definition is a major obstacle to both explanatory and therapeutic research in long COVID. It brings together, on the one hand, patients with severe COVID-19 who suffer the classic complications of prolonged hospitalization and decompensation of comorbidities and, on the other hand, patients with non-severe acute COVID-19 who report multiple symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a biomechanical model. Indeed, despite numerous studies, it remains unclear how persistent viral infection, immunological or coagulation disturbances may contribute mechanistically to long COVID. Nevertheless, internal medicine should be in good place to manage these patients. Indeed, the diversity of symptoms may evoke a broad spectrum of differential diagnoses that are familiar to internists. Their experience in the exploration of unexplained symptoms is also valuable. It can reduce the need for multiple consultations with specialists and unnecessary laboratory or imaging tests. However, long COVID diagnosis cannot be limited to the exclusion of all other conditions one by one. An open and non-dualistic approach is required to identify other mechanisms that may explain the symptoms. Based on their clinical experience, most French internists who responded to an opinion survey consider that long COVID corresponds most closely to a functional somatic disorder (FSD) and seek the help of specialists in mental health care to assist in the management of the patients in a multi-disciplinary approach. However, as with other FSDs, patients with long COVID are usually reluctant to be managed by mental health care specialists, given the very physical nature of their presentation. Unfortunately, most physicians are in turn reluctant to take care of them, due to poor knowledge about FSD, leading to management failure. Alternatively, a comprehensive multidisciplinary care orchestrated by an experienced internist is generally well-accepted. It includes providing rational cognitive explanations for the symptoms and support for behavioral changes tailored to the patient. While waiting for hypothetical randomized controlled trials assessing drugs with positive results, such a holistic approach has been successfully applied in many individuals with severe long COVID. However, its generalization would require a much broader training for FSD of all health care providers.}, }
@article {pmid40384881, year = {2025}, author = {Oehler, JB and Burns, K and Warner, J and Schmitz, U}, title = {Long-Read Sequencing for the Rapid Response to Infectious Diseases Outbreaks.}, journal = {Current clinical microbiology reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {10}, pmid = {40384881}, issn = {2196-5471}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Long-read sequencing (LRS) has revolutionized pathogen surveillance by enabling real-time, high-fidelity genomic analysis critical for outbreak response. This review synthesizes recent breakthroughs in LRS, evaluating its impact on genomic epidemiology, metagenomics, and public health decision-making while addressing limitations and prospects for integrating LRS into global outbreak surveillance.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Unlike short-read sequencing, LRS-pioneered by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and Pacific Biosciences (PacBio)-resolves complex genomic structures, antimicrobial resistance determinants, and transmission dynamics with unprecedented accuracy. The portability of some LRS devices has facilitated rapid pathogen identification in field settings, notably during the Ebola and COVID-19 pandemics. Despite advancements in basecalling algorithms and target enrichment, challenges including sequencing errors, computational bottlenecks, and cost barriers remain.<br><br>SUMMARY: By critically evaluating recent findings and discussing future directions, this review highlights the importance of leveraging LRS for outbreak preparedness and response, equipping researchers and public health professionals with the knowledge necessary to navigate the complexities of modern infectious disease challenges.}, }
@article {pmid40384749, year = {2025}, author = {Coller, BS}, title = {Embedding a commitment to equitable global access into basic and early-phase translational research.}, journal = {Journal of clinical and translational science}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {e88}, pmid = {40384749}, issn = {2059-8661}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare the inequities in U.S. healthcare in ways that captured public attention and reinforced the need to view all of healthcare through an equity lens. It also exposed global inequities in access to healthcare technologies. At Rockefeller University, we participate in the entire spectrum of translational research, but our focus is in the areas of basic research and new methods to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease, extending to proof of concept preclinical and Phase 1 studies. Since we believe that all phases of translational research should have an equity lens, we have instituted an initiative to encourage thought and planning about global equitable access to discoveries made by our trainee Clinical Scholars and faculty, even at the earliest phases of basic research. Assuring global equitable access to new technologies requires addressing at least 3 different aspects of new technology: 1. Patenting and licensing, 2. Manufacturing, and 3. Dissemination and implementation in low- and middle-income countries. In this review, I focus on patenting and licensing and offer ten questions for inventors to consider in discussing licensing their technologies with technology transfer officers to maximize equitable global access to the technologies they create.}, }
@article {pmid40384465, year = {2025}, author = {Liang, J and Liu, C and Xu, T}, title = {Innovative biosensing smart masks: unveiling the future of respiratory monitoring.}, journal = {Materials horizons}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1039/d5mh00279f}, pmid = {40384465}, issn = {2051-6355}, abstract = {Real-time monitoring of respiratory health is increasingly critical, particularly in addressing global health challenges such as Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Smart masks equipped with biosensing mechanisms revolutionize respiratory health monitoring by enabling real-time detection of respiratory parameters and biomarkers. In recent years, significant advancements have been achieved in the development of smart masks based on different sensor types with high sensitivity and accuracy, flexible functionality, and portability, providing new approaches for remote and real-time monitoring of respiratory parameters and biomarkers. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of development and future potential of biosensing smart masks in various domains. This review outlines a systematic categorization of smart masks according to diverse sensing principles, classifying them into six categories: electrochemical sensors, optical sensors, piezoelectric sensors, and others. This review discusses the basic sensing principles and mechanisms of smart masks and describes the existing research developments of their different biosensors. Additionally, it explores the innovative applications of smart masks in health monitoring, protective functions, and expanding application scenarios. This review also identifies the current challenges faced by smart masks, including issues with sensor accuracy, environmental interference, and the need for better integration of multifunctional features. Proposed solutions to these challenges are discussed, along with the anticipated role of smart masks in early disease detection, personalized medicine, and environmental protection.}, }
@article {pmid40384192, year = {2025}, author = {Cercel, RA and Buibaş, FI and Şerbănescu, MS and Mirea, AA and Dumitrescu, F and Pirici, I and Badea-Voiculescu, O and Mogoantă, L and Botezat, MM}, title = {COVID-19 - multisystem disease.}, journal = {Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {61-67}, doi = {10.47162/RJME.66.1.05}, pmid = {40384192}, issn = {2066-8279}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; }, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused a global public health crisis, with a significant impact on multiple body systems. This virus, a member of the Coronaviridae family, shows ~80% genomic similarity to SARS-CoV and ~50% genomic similarity to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The spike (S) protein plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of the virus, as it facilitates its entry into host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. In addition to the respiratory system damage, SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a variety of gastrointestinal (GI), neurological, cardiovascular (CV), ocular, renal, etc. clinical manifestations. Neurological complications, such as anosmia, ague, headache, encephalitis and cerebrovascular events, were frequently observed, being attributed to both direct viral invasion and a very strong systemic inflammatory response. GI symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea and vomiting are common and may occur independently of respiratory symptoms, and the presence of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) detected in fecal samples suggests possible fecal-oral transmission. The CV system is affected by myocardial damage, inflammation and coagulation disorders, with an increased risk of thromboembolic events. At the ocular level, the virus was identified in ocular secretions, and conjunctivitis, uveitis and episcleritis were observed in about 11% of patients. Renal involvement, manifested by acute kidney injury, was detected in 0.5-7% of cases. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection is not limited to respiratory tract involvement but also has significant systemic implications.}, }
@article {pmid40384184, year = {2025}, author = {N, SR and Choi, G and Jin, GW and Choy, JH}, title = {Transforming Niclosamide through Nanotechnology: A Promising Approach for Long COVID Management.}, journal = {Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e2410345}, doi = {10.1002/smll.202410345}, pmid = {40384184}, issn = {1613-6829}, support = {//National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Korea/ ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected over 770 million people worldwide. The long-term effects of COVID-19 and their management have become important issues. Accumulating evidence indicates that post-COVID-19 syndrome, also known as long COVID, is not limited to respiratory symptoms but affects a wide range of systems, including neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and reproductive systems etc. The social and economic losses associated with these effects are estimated to reach 3·7 trillion dollars in the United States alone. However, no treatment for long COVID has been developed. Herein, the literature on long COVID is comprehensively reviewed to examine the underlying causes. Additionally, evidence supporting the efficacy of nanoengineered niclosamide is presented, given its ability to counteract the underlying causes. Niclosamide is already Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved, and the nanoengineered one is a viable candidate for clinical trials for long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid40383676, year = {2025}, author = {Presicce, P and Morselli, M and Jeong, A and Altendahl, M and Martinez, G and Del Vecchio, G and Devaskar, SU and Pellegrini, M and Afshar, Y and Kallapur, SG}, title = {Placental Privilege: Evidence of organ resilience in severe COVID-19 in pregnancy.}, journal = {Placenta}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.placenta.2025.05.003}, pmid = {40383676}, issn = {1532-3102}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 infection in pregnancy is associated with preterm birth and an increased risk of severe disease, needing intensive care admission for management of maternal multi-organ failure. The placenta, a fetal organ, functions as a barrier at the maternal interface and expresses the SARS-CoV-2 viral receptors. However, placental infection and transplacental transfer of virus are rare, suggesting placental resistance to viral infection. Here, we seek to determine the impact of severe COVID-19 infection on maternal, newborn, and placental outcomes.<br><br>METHODS: A prospectively recruited cohort of pregnant COVID-19 patients (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;204) at a quaternary perinatal academic center were retrospectively analyzed. During pregnancy umbilical artery (UA) Doppler assessment was performed to assess placental function. At delivery, maternal and fetal outcomes were assessed, with paired maternal peripheral blood and placenta samples collected (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;26) for bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Post-sequencing analysis with single cell deconvolution and pathway analysis was performed.<br><br>RESULTS: Maternally-indicated preterm births were more frequent in severe, but not asymptomatic or mild/moderate COVID-19 infection. In severe COVID-19 infection, UA Doppler assessment was normal. Rates of fetal growth restriction and placenta:birth weight ratios were similar between groups. RNA-seq showed a distinct adaptive immune activation signature in peripheral blood while placental transcripts showed no significant changes in immune cell types.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Despite multi-organ failure, severe COVID-19 did not significantly impact placental function and transcriptomics with iatrogenic preterm birth indicated for maternal-indications.}, }
@article {pmid40383645, year = {2025}, author = {Ntontis, E and Williams, R and Luzynska, K and Wright, A and Rousaki, A}, title = {Secondary stressors and their psychosocial impacts on healthcare staff: lessons from a qualitative systematic review from the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.}, journal = {BJPsych open}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {e110}, doi = {10.1192/bjo.2025.51}, pmid = {40383645}, issn = {2056-4724}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Extreme events (e.g. floods and disease outbreaks) can overwhelm healthcare workers (HCWs) and healthcare systems. During the COVID-19 pandemic, high levels of distress and mental ill health were reported by HCWs.<br><br>AIMS: To examine and synthesise research findings reported in the qualitative literature regarding the stressors, and their psychosocial impacts, faced by HCWs in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to provide lessons for future support.<br><br>METHOD: Qualitative articles were identified in EMBASE and OVID (preregistered on PROSPERO: CRD42022304235). Studies were required to have been published between January 2021 and January 2022 and to have examined the impact of COVID-19 on UK HCWs. We included 27 articles that represented the experiences of 2640 HCWs, assessed their quality using National Institute for Health and Care Excellence criteria and integrated their findings using thematic synthesis.<br><br>RESULTS: Several secondary stressors were identified, including lack of personal protective equipment, ineffective leadership and communication, high workloads and problems stemming from uncertainty and a lack of knowledge. Stressors were related to adverse psychosocial outcomes including worry, fatigue, lack of confidence in oneself and senior managers, impacts on teamwork and feeling unappreciated or that one's needs are not recognised.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our thematic synthesis moves beyond simply mapping stressors faced by HCWs by considering their antecedents, origins and psychosocial impacts. Utilising a theoretical framework that points towards systemic deficiencies, we argue that secondary stressors can be modified to remove their negative effects. Consequently, workforce planning should shift from focusing on individual change towards amending psychosocial environments in which HCWs work.}, }
@article {pmid40382241, year = {2025}, author = {Li, Q and Wang, Q and Wang, R and Zhang, L and Liu, Z}, title = {The frameshifting element in coronaviruses: structure, function, and potential as a therapeutic target.}, journal = {Trends in pharmacological sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.tips.2025.04.003}, pmid = {40382241}, issn = {1873-3735}, abstract = {The frameshifting element (FSE) comprises a slippery heptanucleotide sequence followed by a downstream RNA structure, such as a pseudoknot or stem-loop. Found in various RNA viruses, FSE regulates viral replication via programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF), making it a potential broad-spectrum antiviral target. Advances in RNA structural analysis have elucidated the dynamic conformations and cross-viral diversity of FSE, with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak further highlighting its role in viral replication. Efforts to develop antiviral drugs targeting FSE have progressed through virtual and phenotypic screening. In this review, we explore the evolution, structure, and function of FSE in coronaviruses, evaluate recent advances in FSE-targeted drug development, and discuss their design advantages, efficacy, and challenges, providing insights for future antiviral strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40380990, year = {2025}, author = {Ghosh, S and Das Sarma, J}, title = {The age-dependent neuroglial interaction with peripheral immune cells in coronavirus-induced neuroinflammation with a special emphasis on COVID-19.}, journal = {Biogerontology}, volume = {26}, number = {3}, pages = {111}, pmid = {40380990}, issn = {1573-6768}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications ; *Neuroinflammatory Diseases/immunology/virology ; *Aging/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Neuroglia/immunology ; Blood-Brain Barrier/immunology ; Animals ; Age Factors ; }, abstract = {Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic progressive disorders that impair memory, cognition, and motor functions, leading to conditions such as dementia, muscle weakness, and speech difficulties. Aging disrupts the stringent balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, increasing neuroinflammation, which contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. The aging brain is particularly vulnerable to infections due to a weakened and compromised immune response and impaired integrity of the blood-brain barrier, allowing pathogens like viruses to trigger neurodegeneration. Coronaviruses have been linked to both acute and long-term neurological complications, including cognitive impairments, psychiatric disorders, and neuroinflammation. The virus can induce a cytokine storm, damaging the central nervous system (CNS) and worsening existing neurological conditions. Though its exact mechanism of neuroinvasion remains elusive, evidence suggests it disrupts the blood-brain barrier and triggers immune dysregulation, leading to persistent neurological sequelae in elderly individuals. This review aims to understand the interaction between the peripheral immune system and CNS glial cells in aged individuals, which is imperative in addressing coronavirus-induced neuroinflammation and concomitant neurodegeneration.}, }
@article {pmid40380599, year = {2025}, author = {Rajasekar, SJS and Saleem M,  and Kannan N,  and Narayanasamy K,  and Varalakshmi P, }, title = {Artificial Intelligence Powered Audiomics: The Futuristic Biomarker in Pulmonary Medicine - A State-of-the-Art Review.}, journal = {Studies in health technology and informatics}, volume = {327}, number = {}, pages = {884-885}, doi = {10.3233/SHTI250491}, pmid = {40380599}, issn = {1879-8365}, mesh = {Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; Biomarkers ; *Lung Diseases/diagnosis ; *Respiratory Sounds ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Pulmonary Medicine/methods ; }, abstract = {AI-driven "audiomics" leverages voice and respiratory sounds as non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose and manage pulmonary conditions, including COVID-19, tuberculosis, ILD, asthma, and COPD. By analyzing acoustic features, machine and deep learning enhance diagnostic accuracy and track disease progression. Key applications include cough-based TB detection, smartphone COVID-19 screening, and speech analysis for asthma and COPD monitoring. Ethical challenges like data privacy and standardization remain barriers to clinical adoption. With ongoing research, audiomics holds promise for transforming respiratory diagnostics and personalized care.}, }
@article {pmid40163884, year = {2025}, author = {Aman, M and Jeevananthan, A and Martinez-Cruz, M and Namasingh, N and Batch, BC}, title = {Endocrinology: What You May Have Missed in 2024.}, journal = {Annals of internal medicine}, volume = {178}, number = {5_Supplement}, pages = {S20-S38}, doi = {10.7326/ANNALS-25-00990}, pmid = {40163884}, issn = {1539-3704}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; *Endocrinology/trends ; *Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists ; Prediabetic State/drug therapy ; *Endocrine System Diseases/drug therapy/therapy ; Hyperparathyroidism/drug therapy ; }, abstract = {During 2024, there were many practice-changing innovations in the field of endocrinology, particularly related to the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs). From the substantial new evidence published in 2024, 10 studies are highlighted that offer critical information for clinicians who manage or comanage patients with endocrine disorders including prediabetes, diabetes, obesity, and hyperparathyroidism. Two of the 10 articles are focused on use of GLP-1RAs in multiple clinical settings not studied in the original GLP-1RA trials, including after bariatric surgery and before endoscopy. Two additional studies focused on GLP-1RA explore the risk for thyroid cancer in patients prescribed GLP-1RA and the effect of a GLP-1RA on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Three articles investigate opportunities for deintensification of insulin frequency or an alternate method of insulin delivery in patients with type 2 diabetes. One article explores the cardiometabolic effects of intermittent fasting in persons with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. The last 2 articles explore the incidence of diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the skeletal effects of parathyroidectomy as a treatment of hyperparathyroidism. The results of each study have a direct effect on the delivery of care for patients with prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and hyperparathyroidism.}, }
@article {pmid40163866, year = {2025}, author = {Hamed, HKA and Nachman, A and Riopel, N and Schuster, M}, title = {Infectious Diseases: What You May Have Missed in 2024.}, journal = {Annals of internal medicine}, volume = {178}, number = {5_Supplement}, pages = {S54-S73}, doi = {10.7326/ANNALS-25-00925}, pmid = {40163866}, issn = {1539-3704}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/complications ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Communicable Diseases/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy ; }, abstract = {In 2024, infectious disease literature focused on advancements in the treatment of severe infections and prevention of high-burden diseases. Building on prior data, further evidence supports both the use of shorter courses of antibiotics and the earlier transition to oral antibiotics, including for severe infections, such as bacteremia. A new medication has demonstrated significant, high-impact findings in the long-acting category of drugs for the prevention of HIV infection. Antibiotic resistance continues to be a growing threat, and research this year has demonstrated significant advances for new agents helping to combat resistant gram-negative organisms. Research on the long-term sequelae of COVID-19 continues to expand, with a living systematic review providing us a better understanding of symptom management. Novel treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection are being studied, and the evidence is reviewed for these new regimens. Finally, several emerging infections are highlighted to raise awareness of new or concerning outbreaks that may cause significant effects in the coming year.}, }
@article {pmid40105889, year = {2025}, author = {Mueller, MR and Ganesh, R and Beckman, TJ and Hurt, RT}, title = {Long COVID: emerging pathophysiological mechanisms.}, journal = {Minerva medica}, volume = {116}, number = {2}, pages = {156-165}, doi = {10.23736/S0026-4806.25.09539-4}, pmid = {40105889}, issn = {1827-1669}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/physiopathology/complications ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Fatigue/physiopathology/etiology ; }, abstract = {Post-COVID conditions, also termed "long COVID," are a heterogeneous set of conditions persisting greater than 28 days after initial infection. These conditions, which include fatigue, brain fog, orthostatic intolerance, and pain, are a significant source of morbidity and limited function worldwide. Nonetheless, both the pathophysiology and treatment of long COVID remain poorly understood. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms have been proposed including neuroinflammatory drivers, endothelial dysfunction, neurotransmitter dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction, and central sensitization. In this article, we present a conceptual framework for evaluation of long COVID symptoms, as well as the evidence behind their proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms. Patients may struggle with one or more of the proposed mechanisms listed above, and the contributions from each process may vary depending on the patient. Although no FDA-approved therapies exist for long COVID, we review several potential promising and mechanistically plausible therapies.}, }
@article {pmid39841907, year = {2025}, author = {Arepalli, S and Kopplin, L and Tsui, E and Brill, D and Sobrin, L and Papaliodis, G and Darwish, D and Raiji, V and Janardhana, P and Emami-Naeini, P and Nore, L and Parker, M and Thomas, AS}, title = {THE HETEROGENEOUS PRESENTATIONS OF DE NOVO AND RECURRENT OCULAR INFLAMMATION AFTER COVID-19 VACCINATION : A Multicenter Report and a Review of the Literature.}, journal = {Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)}, volume = {45}, number = {6}, pages = {1175-1183}, doi = {10.1097/IAE.0000000000004413}, pmid = {39841907}, issn = {1539-2864}, mesh = {Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; Male ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Middle Aged ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Recurrence ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Adult ; Aged ; *Uveitis/diagnosis/etiology/epidemiology ; *Vaccination/adverse effects ; Uveitis, Anterior/diagnosis/etiology ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: To describe the patterns of ocular inflammation after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination, assess underlying commonalities, and understand outcomes.<br><br>METHODS: Retrospective, multicenter cohort study, conducted between 2020 and 2021. Patients with no previous uveitis history (de novo) or a known uveitis history (recurrent) who developed ocular inflammation within 42 days of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination were identified. Characteristics of the uveitis, treatment approaches, and clinical outcomes were assessed.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifty-five eyes of 39 patients with ocular inflammation temporally related to vaccination were identified. Twenty-two patients (36 eyes) were de novo , while 17 (19 eyes) were recurrent. Anterior uveitis was most common. HLA-B27 positivity was found in 6 (27.2%) de novo patients, and 5 (29.4%) recurrent patients. Most patients required only observation, topical, or systemic corticosteroids. Among vaccinated patients, 12.3% of new uveitis referrals during the study period were related to coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. Among patients with a history of quiescent uveitis, only 0.85% experienced a flare after vaccination.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Most inflammation thought to be secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination achieved quiescence with observation or steroids, and the overall incidence is low. Anterior uveitis was the most common. HLA-B27 positivity occurred at a higher rate than reported in the baseline population.}, }
@article {pmid39484771, year = {2025}, author = {Moheb-Alian, A and Akbari, A and Nooraei, S and Bahrulolum, H and Farsani, ZM and Mokhtari, N and Ebadi, MS and Farsani, AM and Khatami, S and Esmaeili, M and Keykhaee, Z and Heydargoy, MH and Rafiei, Z and Ahmadian, G}, title = {Mucormycosis and COVID-19: Unraveling the Interplay of Fungal Infection in a Global Health Crisis: An Overview.}, journal = {Infectious disorders drug targets}, volume = {25}, number = {4}, pages = {e18715265310191}, pmid = {39484771}, issn = {2212-3989}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *Mucormycosis/epidemiology/drug therapy/complications/diagnosis ; Global Health ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Coinfection/microbiology ; }, abstract = {The healthcare system has been greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in an increase in secondary and co-infections among patients. Factors like pulmonary damage and weakened immune systems make patients more susceptible to fungal infections. Mucormycosis, an opportunistic fungal infection, prospers in environments with limited oxygen, and elevated glucose levels due to conditions such as diabetes and steroid use, as well as in acidic environments from metabolic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis, where it demonstrates heightened germination ability. Recognizing these complications is critical to minimize harm to patients. The insights gained from this review can improve our understanding of how fungal infections develop in connection to COVID-19, leading to better predictive algorithms, tailored care plans, enhanced antifungal treatments, quicker diagnostics, and improved management strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39313886, year = {2025}, author = {Maideen, NMP and Balasubramanian, R}, title = {An Overview of Possible Beneficial Effects of Black Seeds (Nigella Sativa) on the Management of "Disease X".}, journal = {Infectious disorders drug targets}, volume = {25}, number = {4}, pages = {e18715265304758}, pmid = {39313886}, issn = {2212-3989}, mesh = {Humans ; *Nigella sativa/chemistry ; *Seeds/chemistry ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Picornaviridae Infections/drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; }, abstract = {A mystery pathogen that has not yet infected the entire world's population is predicted to be the cause of Disease X, which will be contagious. According to WHO scientists, 50 million people are expected to die from Disease X, which would be 20 times deadlier than coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many international initiatives are currently in motion to get ready for future pandemics. These include updating the International Health Regulation and the European Legislation, establishing the Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA), establishing international hubs, taking on the international challenge of developing a vaccine for Disease X within 100 days of recognition of emerging Pathogen X, and updating the preparedness plan of National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Our current review's main objective is to determine whether black seeds (Nigella Sativa) can manage Disease X. It has been established by several studies that black seeds (N. sativa) have antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which would be useful in the management of Disease X. Black seeds (N. sativa) may be utilized in conjunction with supportive care and symptomatic therapy to manage Disease X in early phases. Future randomized controlled clinical trials would further evaluate the safety and effectiveness of black seeds (N. sativa) in patients with Disease X.}, }
@article {pmid37725757, year = {2025}, author = {Bakrania, A and Mo, Y and Zheng, G and Bhat, M}, title = {RNA nanomedicine in liver diseases.}, journal = {Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)}, volume = {81}, number = {6}, pages = {1847-1877}, pmid = {37725757}, issn = {1527-3350}, mesh = {Humans ; *Nanomedicine/methods ; *Liver Diseases/therapy ; COVID-19 ; *RNA/administration &amp; dosage ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The remarkable impact of RNA nanomedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the expansive therapeutic potential of this field in diverse disease contexts. In recent years, RNA nanomedicine targeting the liver has been paradigm-shifting in the management of metabolic diseases such as hyperoxaluria and amyloidosis. RNA nanomedicine has significant potential in the management of liver diseases, where optimal management would benefit from targeted delivery, doses titrated to liver metabolism, and personalized therapy based on the specific site of interest. In this review, we discuss in-depth the different types of RNA and nanocarriers used for liver targeting along with their specific applications in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, liver fibrosis, and liver cancers. We further highlight the strategies for cell-specific delivery and future perspectives in this field of research with the emergence of small activating RNA, circular RNA, and RNA base editing approaches.}, }
@article {pmid40380415, year = {2025}, author = {Tsirintani, M}, title = {Pros, Cons and Limits of AI in Public Health.}, journal = {Studies in health technology and informatics}, volume = {327}, number = {}, pages = {208-212}, doi = {10.3233/SHTI250303}, pmid = {40380415}, issn = {1879-8365}, mesh = {*Artificial Intelligence/ethics ; Humans ; *Public Health/ethics ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {This paper explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Public Health (PH), examining its benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations. AI has become an essential tool in healthcare, improving diagnosis, treatment, and health system management. Its applications range from disease surveillance to personalized patient care, offering transformative potential in addressing public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rapid adoption of AI technologies also raises concerns related to accuracy, bias, ethical dilemmas, and the safety of AI-driven decisions in healthcare. The paper presents a systematic review of the literature, identifying key areas where AI is used in public health, alongside the advantages and potential risks. Additionally, it highlights the importance of the EU AI Act, which categorizes public health AI systems as high-risk, requiring strict oversight to ensure transparency, accountability, and the protection of individual rights. The Act serves as a critical framework to foster trust and safety in AI applications, ensuring their responsible and ethical use in public health while enhancing Europe's preparedness for future health challenges. Further research is needed to address the limitations and ethical issues associated with AI in public health, including its impact on workforce dynamics and equitable healthcare access.}, }
@article {pmid40380300, year = {2025}, author = {Polspoel, M and Mullie, P and Reilly, T and Van Tiggelen, D and Calders, P}, title = {Comparison of physical activity and sedentary behavior between telework and office work in a working population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {1805}, pmid = {40380300}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Sedentary Behavior ; *Exercise ; Observational Studies as Topic ; *Teleworking/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Pandemics ; *Workplace ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Accelerometry ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The surge in telework due to technological advances and confinement during the coronavirus disease pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) has drawn attention to its effects on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). This review aimed to analyze the impact of telework compared to office work in PA and SB, assessed by validated questionnaires and accelerometers during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: Observational studies that evaluated the effect of telework in PA and SB compared to office work were identified by literature searches in three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) published up to January 2023. Studies were included when written in English, including observational design, evaluating the effect of telework on PA and/or SB compared to office work, and using validated questionnaires and accelerometers to assess PA and/or SB. The meta-analysis evaluated continuous outcomes with a random-effect model using Review Manager Web 5 (Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). The risk of bias was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tool for Observational studies.<br><br>RESULTS: Twelve observational studies, with a total of 9,059 participants, were included in this study. Ten studies assessed PA and SB with questionnaires and two with accelerometers. A significant decrease of -0.33 (95% CI -0.59, -0.08) in light PA was observed, while no significant changes were observed for total PA (-0.19 [-0.42, 0.04]), moderate to vigorous PA (-0.44 [-1.32, 0.44]) and SB (0.12 [-0.20, 0.44]).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Telework significantly decreases light PA in a working population during the COVID-19 pandemic. More research using validated measurement tools to assess PA and SB is needed to confirm this result. Given the extensive health benefits of physical activity and reduced sedentary behavior, public health resources must focus on encouraging PA and minimizing SB, especially among teleworkers.<br><br>TRAIL REGISTRATION: The review protocol was registered in the Prospero database (CRD42024502374).}, }
@article {pmid40380268, year = {2025}, author = {Frentzen, E and Fegert, JM and Martin, A and Witt, A}, title = {Child and adolescent mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic: an overview of key findings from a thematic series.}, journal = {Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {57}, pmid = {40380268}, issn = {1753-2000}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The 2019 outbreak of COVID-19, a severe acute respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, triggered a global pandemic with far-reaching consequences. Societies worldwide felt the effects of the virus and pandemic related restrictive measures on their economies, healthcare systems, and social fabric. To curb the spread of COVID-19, numerous restrictive measures were implemented. This manuscript summarizes the findings published within the thematic series on Child Mental Health during the Covid-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: Between May 2020 and June 2024 Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health (CAPMH) issued a thematic series on "Child Mental Health during the Covid-19 pandemic." All manuscripts underwent a prescreening process by the Editor-in-Chief, including checks regarding the compliance with ethical standards compliance with the scope of the journal and the thematic series. Suitable manuscripts were then handled by one of the editors of the thematic series. All suitable manuscripts then underwent a peer review process that included at least two reviews. Different aspects of child and adolescent mental health as well as various aspects of the pandemic - in addition to their findings -were investigated, defined and discussed throughout the manuscripts within the series.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 327 manuscripts were submitted and 85 manuscripts were published within the series. Manuscripts included qualitative and quantitative studies as well as systematic reviews. The manuscripts reported findings from 22 countries from all over the world and various populations. The studies covered the somatic and psychological impacts of the pandemic, including emotional and behavioral consequences, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior, threat and trauma, parent child separation, school closure and home schooling, physical activity and media use, psychiatric care, as well as digital resources and online therapy. Through its findings, the research also highlighted the multilayered impact the pandemic had, as well as the need to make targeted interventions and evidence-based interventions available to a large audience.<br><br>CONCLUSION: A broad range of literature in the series submitted from various countries around the world documented the profound impact of COVID-19 on child mental health. The findings can be used as a foundation for conceptualizing targeted programs to counteract the consequences, in addition to helping prepare systems in the event of similar incidents in the future.}, }
@article {pmid40280022, year = {2025}, author = {Sahni, S and Kaushal, LA and Gupta, P}, title = {Gendered differences and strategies for work-life balance: Systematic review based on social ecological framework perspective.}, journal = {Acta psychologica}, volume = {256}, number = {}, pages = {105019}, doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105019}, pmid = {40280022}, issn = {1873-6297}, mesh = {Humans ; *Work-Life Balance ; Female ; Male ; Sex Factors ; *COVID-19 ; *Gender Role ; }, abstract = {This paper systematically reviews gender-based work-life balance (WLB) studies conducted during pandemic times. It outlines potential problems and solutions for effectively managing work and non-work commitments. Using the Socio-ecological system theory, the study makes a significant contribution by identifying the root causes of gender disparities across four levels of inquiry: the micro, meso, exo, and macro system, based on themes that directly emerge from analysing the previous 109 articles published between till 2024. A conceptual framework is developed to understand various factors that explain why women are at high risk of experiencing gender disparity. However, we complement and populate the model with pioneering and insightful instances of gender inequalities from the literature to provide richer insights into gender-based WLB. Drawing from our research findings, we propose specific strategies to achieve WLB without reinforcing traditional gender roles. These strategies have practical implications for policymakers and human resources departments, providing them with a roadmap to design and implement work-life-friendly policies differentiated by gender to generate overall well-being.}, }
@article {pmid40279858, year = {2025}, author = {Patel, PA and Ripp, AT and Nguyen, SA and Duffy, AN and Soler, ZM and Eskandari, R and White, DR and Schlosser, RJ}, title = {Increased incidence of intracranial complications following pediatric sinogenic and otogenic infections in the post-COVID-19 Era: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology}, volume = {193}, number = {}, pages = {112364}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112364}, pmid = {40279858}, issn = {1872-8464}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; Child ; Incidence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adolescent ; *Sinusitis/complications/epidemiology ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: This systematic-review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate and summarize the prevalence of pediatric intracranial complications following sinogenic or otogenic infections before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A literature search was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases to answer the question: In pediatric patients, was there an increase in the prevalence or severity of intracranial complications due to sinogenic or otogenic infections during and after the COVID-19 pandemic? Publications which included primary data on patients under the age of 18 years old, focusing on intracranial complications following otogenic and sinogenic infections were included.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 1025 abstracts screened, 18 studies were included. There were no significant differences in age or sex between the two cohorts. Compared to the pre-COVID era, post-COVID infections were more likely to have neurologic complications upon presentation [11.4&#xa0;% (1.6-53.0) vs 50.1&#xa0;% (13.9-86.2), p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.01], cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) [14.1&#xa0;% (10.6-18.2) vs 40.5&#xa0;% (25.2-56.9), p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.01], intraparenchymal abscess [40.3&#xa0;% (43.9-72.2) vs 54.9&#xa0;% (25.2-87.1), p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.01], and meningitis [10.6&#xa0;% (0.0-39.4) vs 40.2&#xa0;% (13.4-70.8), p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.01]. Metronidazole use [38.7&#xa0;% (31.8-46.0) vs 71.9&#xa0;% (51.3-88.6), p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.01], craniectomy [16.1&#xa0;% (1.3-42.8) vs 37.4&#xa0;% (2.9-83.0), p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.02], and burr holes [16.8&#xa0;% (11.5-23.3) vs 26.6&#xa0;% (12.7-43.3), p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.02] were increased in the post-COVID cohort.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There are considerable differences in neurologic deficits, CVST, intraparenchymal abscesses, meningitis, and treatment modalities in pre- and post-COVID cohorts of children with intracranial complications of otorhinogenic origin. Further research is required to determine the underlying mechanism for these differences.}, }
@article {pmid40379394, year = {2025}, author = {Boloré, S and Spielmann, V and Massebiaux, C}, title = {[Clinical nursing assessment of Covid-19 patients: a comparison of home-hospital practices].}, journal = {Soins; la revue de reference infirmiere}, volume = {70}, number = {895}, pages = {10-14}, doi = {10.1016/j.soin.2025.03.002}, pmid = {40379394}, issn = {0038-0814}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/nursing ; *Nursing Assessment/methods ; Switzerland/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {This study examines the impact of clinical assessment training on nurses' practices in Geneva during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results reveal that trained professionals, mainly in hospital settings, adopted more advanced techniques, such as auscultation and palpation. Practices varied significantly according to practice location and training received, underlining the importance of ongoing training to improve quality of care.}, }
@article {pmid40379315, year = {2025}, author = {Iannizzi, C and Andreas, M and Bohndorf, E and Hirsch, C and Zorger, AM and Brinkmann-Paulukat, J and Bormann, B and Kaufman, J and Lischetzki, T and Monsef, I and Neufeind, J and Schmid-Küpke, N and Thole, S and Worbes, K and Skoetz, N}, title = {Communication-based interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine willingness and uptake: a systematic review with meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {e072942}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072942}, pmid = {40379315}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Communication ; *Vaccination Hesitancy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *Vaccination/psychology ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of different communication strategies to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake and willingness.<br><br>DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), following recommendations from the Cochrane Handbook and reporting according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: We searched the following databases until 27 July 2022: Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection and WHO COVID-19 Global literature.<br><br>We included RCTs investigating, any population, communication-based interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake and comparing these with no intervention (with or without placebo), another communication strategy or another type of intervention.<br><br>METHODS: Screening, data extraction and bias assessment, using the Cochrane ROB 1.0 tool, were conducted by two authors independently. We performed meta-analyses if studies were homogeneous using the Review Manager (RevMan 5) software, synthesised the remaining results narratively and assessed the certainty in the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 49 studies reporting on the predefined four categories of communication interventions. Evidence from our meta-analyses shows that COVID-19 vaccine uptake may increase when education and information strategies are applied (risk ratio (RR) 1.23, 95%&#x2009;CI 1.17 to 1.28; high-certainty evidence) or social norms are communicated (RR 1.28, 95%&#x2009;CI 1.23 to 1.33; high-certainty evidence) compared with no intervention. The different communication strategies mostly have little to no impact on vaccine intention; however, there may be a slight increase in vaccine confidence when gain framing is applied compared with no intervention.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Overall, we found that education and information-based interventions or social norm-framing strategies are most effective compared with no intervention given. Our findings show that some of the investigated communication strategies might influence policy decision-making, and our results could be useful for future pandemics as well.<br><br>PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO (CRD42021296618).}, }
@article {pmid40378522, year = {2025}, author = {Tang, W and Kim, J and Lee, RT and Maurer-Stroh, S and Renia, L and Tay, MZ}, title = {SARS-CoV-2: lessons in virus mutation prediction and pandemic preparedness.}, journal = {Current opinion in immunology}, volume = {95}, number = {}, pages = {102560}, doi = {10.1016/j.coi.2025.102560}, pmid = {40378522}, issn = {1879-0372}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted an unprecedented global response. In particular, extraordinary efforts have been dedicated toward monitoring and predicting variant emergence due to its huge impact, particularly for vaccine escape. Broadly, we classify such methods into two categories: forward mutation prediction, where phenotypes are first observed and the responsible genotypes traced, and reverse mutation prediction, which starts with selected pathogen genetic profiles and characterizes their associated phenotypes. Reverse mutation prediction strategies have advantages in being able to sample a more complete evolutionary space since sequences that do not yet exist can be sampled. The rapid improvement in the maturity and scale of reverse mutation prediction strategies, such as deep mutational scanning, has led to significant amounts of data for machine learning, with concomitant improvement in the prediction results from computational tools. Such integrated prediction approaches are generalizable and offer significant opportunities for anticipating viral evolution and for pandemic preparedness.}, }
@article {pmid40378132, year = {2025}, author = {Dorjee, K and Sadoff, RC and Mansour, FR and Dorjee, S and Binder, EM and Stetson, M and Yuen, R and Kim, H}, title = {Menstrual disturbance associated with COVID-19 vaccines: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {5}, pages = {e0320162}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0320162}, pmid = {40378132}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Female ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Menstruation Disturbances/chemically induced/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; Menstrual Cycle/drug effects ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and menstrual disturbance is unclear, in part because researchers have measured different outcomes (e.g., delays vs. changes to cycle length) with various study designs. Menstrual disruption could be a decisive factor in people's willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine.<br><br>METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, and Web of Science for studies investigating menstrual cycle length, flow volume, post-menopausal bleeding, and unexpected or intermenstrual bleeding. Data were analyzed using fixed-effects meta-analysis with Shore's adjusted confidence intervals for heterogeneity.<br><br>FINDINGS: Seventeen studies with >1&#xb7;9 million participants were analyzed. We found a 19% greater risk of increase in menstrual cycle length as compared to unvaccinated people or pre-vaccination time-periods (summary relative risk (sRR): 1&#xb7;19; 95% CI: 1&#xb7;11-1&#xb7;26; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;23,718 participants). The increase in risk was the same for Pfizer-BioNTech (sRR: 1&#xb7;15; 1&#xb7;05-1&#xb7;27; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;16,595) and Moderna vaccines (sRR: 1&#xb7;15; 1&#xb7;05-1&#xb7;25; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;7,523), similar for AstraZeneca (sRR: 1&#xb7;27; 1&#xb7;02-1&#xb7;59; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;532), and higher for the Janssen (sRR: 1&#xb7;69; 1&#xb7;14-2&#xb7;52; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;751) vaccine. In the first cycle after vaccination, length increased by <half-day (summary mean difference (sMD): 0&#xb7;34 days; 0&#xb7;21-0&#xb7;46 days; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;30,320) after the first dose and by 0&#xb7;62 days (sMD: 0&#xb7;62: 0&#xb7;41-0&#xb7;82; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;17,608) after the second dose. In the second cycle after vaccination, the risk was not elevated (sMD: -0&#xb7;02; -0&#xb7;16-0&#xb7;12; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;18,602). The increase in risk was between 7-9% but statistically insignificant for heavier flow; 7% for post-menopausal bleeding (first dose: 1&#xb7;07; 1&#xb7;01-1&#xb7;12; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;1,321,268 and second dose: 1&#xb7;07; 1&#xb7;03-1&#xb7;11; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;1,482,884); and 16-41% for unexpected or intermenstrual bleeding (first dose: 1&#xb7;16; 0&#xb7;83-1&#xb7;61; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;1,303,687 and second dose: 1&#xb7;41; 0&#xb7;99-2&#xb7;01; n&#x2009;=&#x2009;1,390,317).<br><br>INTERPRETATION: We observed a mild increase in the risk of menstrual disturbance associated with COVID-19 vaccines. Such risks are likely clinically unmeaningful. Vaccine recipients should be appropriately counseled.}, }
@article {pmid40377682, year = {2025}, author = {Yin, J and Huang, J and Zhou, P and Li, L and Zheng, Q and Fu, H}, title = {The role of TLR4/NF-kB signaling axis in pneumonia: from molecular mechanisms to regulation by phytochemicals.}, journal = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40377682}, issn = {1432-1912}, support = {2024qdjfxm002//Doctoral Research Initiation Fund/ ; 2024qdjfxm002//Doctoral Research Initiation Fund/ ; 2024qdjfxm002//Doctoral Research Initiation Fund/ ; 2024qdjfxm002//Doctoral Research Initiation Fund/ ; 2024qdjfxm002//Doctoral Research Initiation Fund/ ; 2024qdjfxm002//Doctoral Research Initiation Fund/ ; }, abstract = {Pneumonia, a leading global health challenge, is characterized by inflammation driven by dysregulated immune responses. Central to its pathogenesis is the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling axis, which orchestrates the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiates cascades that mediate innate immunity. While this pathway is essential for bacterial clearance, its overactivation can lead to excessive inflammation, tissue damage, and severe complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis. This review examines the role of the TLR4/NF-κB axis in pneumonia caused by various pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and SARS-CoV- 2, and highlights its dual role in immune defense and pathological inflammation. Furthermore, we explore molecular regulators and phytochemicals that modulate this axis, including baicalin, resveratrol, and sodium houttuyfonate, which exhibit promising therapeutic potential. By elucidating these mechanisms, this study provides insights into targeted interventions to balance immune responses and mitigate inflammation, paving the way for innovative treatments in pneumonia management.}, }
@article {pmid40377563, year = {2024}, author = {Kamalov A, A and Gabbasova L, A and Nesterova O, Y and Bozhedomov V, A and Drapkina O, M}, title = {[Mens health preservation: gender-specific features of disease prevention and choice of program solution].}, journal = {Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)}, volume = {}, number = {6}, pages = {125-132}, pmid = {40377563}, issn = {1728-2985}, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Male ; Life Expectancy ; Sex Factors ; }, abstract = {The protection of mens health as a concept is currently only beginning to emerge in most countries, but the belief about the need to develop this area is being discussed more and more often by leading representatives of the medical community. Interest in the issues of mens health protection and gender approaches to health assessment in the health system has increased significantly, primarily due to the higher mortality rate of the male population, as well as lower life expectancy at birth (LEB). Compared to women, men are more vulnerable to many diseases that affect the quality and duration of life, but they are poorly motivated to maintain health, rarely turn to doctors for prevention. Many important steps have already been taken in this direction: pilot projects are being created all over the world, interdisciplinary platforms are being developed, specialists are being trained and legislative regulation is changing. The joint work of doctors in the field, as well as the development of national programs, will help to overcome the gender gap in life expectancy between men and women by promoting a holistic and orderly approach to mens health.}, }
@article {pmid40376900, year = {2025}, author = {Cagliano, S and Coen, D}, title = {[Emergency Room, a strategic resource for population health.].}, journal = {Recenti progressi in medicina}, volume = {116}, number = {5}, pages = {285-290}, doi = {10.1701/4495.44948}, pmid = {40376900}, issn = {2038-1840}, mesh = {Humans ; *Emergency Service, Hospital/organization &amp; administration/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Italy/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Population Health ; Workload ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {In Italy, 609 active hospitals with Emergency Rooms or first and second-level Emergency Departments (DEA) see attend to approximately 20 million people annually. The number of visits to the Emergency Department per 1,000 inhabitants varies significantly from region to region, as do the main indicators of functioning and outcome. After several decades of organizational and professional growth, culminating in the activation of the Schools of specialization in emergency medicine, the Italian emergency departments are currently going through a period of crisis that has worsened following the Covid-19 pandemic. The demanding and risky characteristics of this work environment along with the impossibility of carrying out freelance activities have pushed young doctors to prefer other disciplines, leaving approximately 75% of the specialization grants unfilled. The workload of the Emergency departments is directly related to the crisis of territorial medicine which is proving increasingly unsuitable to respond to the health needs of citizens in an era of tumultuous epidemiological and technological changes, and to the heavy reduction in hospital staff and bed capacity number of beds throughout the country. This review aims to briefly retrace the recent history of the Italian PS, underline the importance of its performances, both in response to the most serious conditions of clinical emergency and in support of the most fragile segments of the population, and propose some lines of intervention that could support a health institution of fundamental public interest.}, }
@article {pmid40376818, year = {2025}, author = {Song, Y and Bracchiglione, J and Meneses-Echávez, JF and de Carvalho Gomes, H and Albiger, B and Solà, I and Rigau, D and Alonso-Coello, P}, title = {Frameworks to support evidence-informed decision-making in public health and infectious disease prevention and control: a scoping review.}, journal = {Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin}, volume = {30}, number = {19}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.19.2400185}, pmid = {40376818}, issn = {1560-7917}, mesh = {Humans ; *Public Health/methods ; *Decision Making ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Communicable Diseases ; *Communicable Disease Control/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BackgroundEvidence-informed public health decision-making (EIDM) is a complex process that must consider multiple factors.AimWe aimed to identify and describe existing frameworks supporting evidence-informed public health decision-making and their application to infectious disease.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review to describe current EIDM framework use in public health. We included decision-making frameworks in public health and examples of their use in infectious diseases. We searched MEDLINE and Health Systems Evidence from inception to December 2022. We also hand searched websites of relevant organisations and conducted a forward citation search of the included frameworks. Two reviewers selected studies independently, one reviewer extracted data and one cross-checked for accuracy. We presented the results narratively.ResultsWe included 15 frameworks. Seven had a generic scope and eight were focused on specific topics (immunisation, COVID-19 or other, non-infectious diseases). From the included frameworks, we identified a total of 18 criteria with each framework assessing a median of eight, the most frequent being 'desirable effects', 'resources considerations' and 'feasibility'. We identified infectious disease examples for four frameworks: 'Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation' (GRADE), WHO-INTEGRATe Evidence (WHO-INTEGRATE), 'Ethics, Equity, Feasibility, and Acceptability' (EEFA) and 'Community Preventive Services Task Force' (CPSTF) evidence-to-decision frameworks.ConclusionAlthough several EIDM frameworks exist for public health decision-making, most have not been widely applied to infectious diseases. Current EIDM frameworks inconsistently address factors for public health decision-making. Further application and evaluation, and possibly adaptation of existing frameworks, is required to optimise decision-making in public health and infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40376436, year = {2025}, author = {Nwabueze, KK and Akubue, N and Onakoya, A and Okolieze, SC and Otaniyen-Igbinoba, IJ and Chukwunonye, C and Okengwu, CG and Ige, T and Alao, OJ and Adindu, KN}, title = {Exploring the prevalence and risk factors of adolescent mental health issues in the COVID and post-COVID era in the U.K.: A systematic review.}, journal = {EXCLI journal}, volume = {24}, number = {}, pages = {508-523}, pmid = {40376436}, issn = {1611-2156}, abstract = {Adolescence is a developmental phase largely characterized by rapid biological and non-biological transformations, with a heightened susceptibility to social and environmental influences. Hence, adolescents are particularly vulnerable to external stressors, underscoring the need to safeguard their well-being and prioritize mental health interventions. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused a global crisis with profound societal disruptions, and led to lasting impact on global public health, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations, including adolescents. In view of the unique developmental challenges faced by adolescents, it is imperative to assess the growing burden of mental health issues exacerbated by the pandemic. This review synthesizes existing evidence on the emerging mental health challenges faced by adolescents in the United Kingdom (UK) as exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and SpringerNature databases, resulting in the selection of ten high-quality studies. A thematic analysis of the collected data revealed that depression and anxiety were the most frequently reported mental health conditions among adolescents. These conditions were particularly prevalent among adolescents who were from low-income households, those with pre-existing mental health disorders, adolescents experiencing household conflicts, females, and those who provided self-reported data. Several key risk factors were identified, including family and peer relationships, academic pressures such as examinations and grades, financial constraints within households, and the corruptive influence of social media. The findings underscore the urgency of targeted mental health interventions tailored to the specific needs of adolescents in the U.K. By addressing the identified risk factors, mental health professionals, policymakers, and educators can develop more effective strategies to mitigate the psychological impact of the pandemic on this vulnerable population. This study contributes to the evolving body of literature and emphasizes the need for evidence-based policies to foster overall well-being and resilience in adolescents navigating post-pandemic challenges.}, }
@article {pmid40376405, year = {2025}, author = {Barroso da Silva, FL and Paco, K and Laaksonen, A and Ray, A}, title = {Biophysics of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein's receptor-binding domain interaction with ACE2 and neutralizing antibodies: from computation to functional insights.}, journal = {Biophysical reviews}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {309-333}, pmid = {40376405}, issn = {1867-2450}, abstract = {The spike protein encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 has become one of the most studied macromolecules in recent years due to its central role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. The spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD) directly interacts with the host-encoded receptor protein, ACE2. This review critically examines computational insights into RBD's interaction with ACE2 and with therapeutic antibodies designed to interfere with this interaction. We begin by summarizing insights from early computational studies on pre-pandemic SARS-CoV-1 RBD interactions and how these early studies shaped the understanding of SARS-CoV-2. Next, we highlight key theoretical contributions that revealed the molecular mechanisms behind the binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 RBD against ACE2, and the structural changes that have enhanced the infectivity of emerging variants. Special attention is given to the "RBD charge rule", a predictive framework for determining variant infectivity based on the electrostatic properties of the RBD. Towards applying the computational insights to therapy, we discuss a multiscale computational protocol for optimizing monoclonal antibodies to improve binding affinity across multiple spike protein variants, including representatives from the Omicron family. Finally, we explore how these insights can inform the development of future vaccines and therapeutic interventions for combating future coronavirus diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40376360, year = {2025}, author = {Siddiqui, SL and Manzoor, ZU and Schwartz, G and Laloo, A}, title = {Exploring the COVID-19 Vaccine: New Onset and Exacerbations in Rheumatic Diseases.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e82249}, pmid = {40376360}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The COVID-19 vaccine has been substantial in mitigating the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, transmission, and adverse outcomes on a global scale. While the vaccine has been crucial in reducing COVID-19 risks, rheumatological manifestations are rare. These include new-onset conditions and exacerbations of pre-existing disease, which raise important clinical questions. This narrative literature review aims to synthesize findings from 21 studies on the rheumatological outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination, focusing on clinical presentations, risk factors, pathogenesis, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes. The patients may present with various symptoms, and there can be certain determinants that may predispose the patients to developing these symptoms. The pathogenesis is postulated to be complex, with proposed mechanisms including molecular mimicry and immune dysregulation to explain the onset of rheumatic disease. Both new-onset rheumatological disease and exacerbated rheumatological conditions post-vaccination typically respond well to first-line treatment with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents. Understanding these findings will help clinicians diagnose, manage, and treat post-vaccination rheumatological conditions more effectively.}, }
@article {pmid40375347, year = {2025}, author = {Bose, B and Siva Kumar, S}, title = {Economic burden of zoonotic and infectious diseases on livestock farmers: a narrative review.}, journal = {Journal of health, population, and nutrition}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {158}, pmid = {40375347}, issn = {2072-1315}, mesh = {*Zoonoses/economics/epidemiology ; Animals ; Humans ; *Farmers/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Livestock ; *Communicable Diseases/economics ; Cattle ; *Cost of Illness ; Dairying/economics ; Developing Countries ; Agriculture/economics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Zoonoses significantly impact human health and agricultural productivity, particularly affecting livestock farmers. In this review, the primary objective was to understand the economic impact of both zoonotic and potential zoonotic diseases.<br><br>METHODS: This narrative review synthesises literature from SCOPUS, Web of Science, PUBMED, and Reports, covering articles published between 1970 and 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on articles discussing economic losses due to zoonotic diseases in livestock, while exclusion criteria eliminated non-peer-reviewed works and studies not in English.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 37 articles were analysed, revealing substantial economic impacts from various zoonotic diseases. The study uncovers a dramatic decrease in milk consumption, with some areas experiencing a reduction of up to 64 per cent, causing financial hardship for dairy farmers. Moreover, animal-to-human transmissible diseases like bovine tuberculosis, Rift Valley Fever and mastitis result in significant economic setbacks, especially in developing countries.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Addressing economic challenges caused by zoonotic and potential diseases is vital for dairy sector sustainability, particularly in developing nations like India. The study emphasises the need for collaborative efforts from stakeholders, including government officials and researchers. It underlines key challenges and compares economic contexts between countries, advocating increased livestock farmers' awareness of these diseases, improved farming techniques, and training programmes to alleviate the problem.}, }
@article {pmid40375274, year = {2025}, author = {Lesnik, T and Hauser-Oppelmayer, A}, title = {Turnover intention among intensive care nurses and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.}, journal = {Human resources for health}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {23}, pmid = {40375274}, issn = {1478-4491}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; *Personnel Turnover/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Intention ; *Intensive Care Units ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology ; Job Satisfaction ; *Critical Care Nursing ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The shortage of nurses has been an ongoing issue for many decades. An important contributing factor is voluntary turnover. Especially in intensive care (ICU) and critical care units (CCU) with high workloads, high mortality rates and stressful working conditions, the phenomenon has serious consequences. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the problem. This review examines the factors influencing the intention to leave (ITL) and intention to stay (ITS) among intensive care and critical care nurses and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A scoping review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The databases PubMed, Wiley, Scopus, APA PsycNet and Web of Science were searched. In addition, a forward search using Google Scholar was carried out. Empirical studies reporting on factors influencing the intention to stay or leave among ICU nurses published from 2000 to 2022 were included. The factors were qualitatively coded in MAXQDA, resulting in an inductive coding frame.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifty-four studies, including 51 quantitative, one qualitative, and two mixed methods studies, were included in the review. The analysis of factors influencing the intention to either leave or stay in intensive care can be systematically classified into two categories: organisational factors and individual factors. The category of organisational factors encompasses factors, such as commitment and integration, leadership, professional collaboration and communication. Conversely, the category of individual factors comprises factors, such as professionalism, job satisfaction, mental health and social reasons. The pandemic has exacerbated certain aspects within individual and organisational factors, influencing the intention to leave intensive care. Notably, despite the significant impact of COVID-19, no "new" themes are directly attributable to it.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results can help practitioners meet future challenges (maintaining adequate staffing levels in view of the existing shortage of nurses). It is the responsibility of nursing and hospital management to capitalise on the insights of this review. Future research should focus on longitudinal, interventional and qualitative study designs to understand voluntary turnover among ICU nurses.}, }
@article {pmid40375203, year = {2025}, author = {Vallée, A and Arutkin, M and Ceccaldi, PF and Feki, A and Ayoubi, JM}, title = {Long COVID and endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC women's health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {229}, pmid = {40375203}, issn = {1472-6874}, mesh = {Humans ; *Endometriosis/epidemiology/complications ; Female ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Prevalence ; }, abstract = {Long COVID conditions entail the persistence of COVID-19-related symptoms for at least eight weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The prevalence of long COVID is estimated to range from 10 to 30% among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Despite its growing impact on healthcare systems, long COVID remains poorly understood. In parallel, endometriosis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting around 10% of reproductive-age women, is marked by symptoms such as pelvic pain and infertility. The aim of this study was to assess the association between endometriosis and long COVID. We performed a systematic review of long COVID among endometriosis patients in Pubmed/Medline, Cochran Library and Science Direct databases from inception to August 2023. We independently selected studies, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and compared endometriosis versus non endometriosis patients for long. Pooled analyses were based on random-effect models, and the I[2] statistic was used to quantify heterogeneity across studies. A total of 2 cross-sectional studies (N = 216,095 participants) were included. The pooled analysis comparing endometriosis to non-endometriosis patients significantly showed association for long COVID (pooled RR = 1.41 [1.31-1.52], I[2] = 29%, p < 0.001). Women, who are disproportionately affected by long COVID, particularly those with endometriosis, may face compounded health challenges. While our findings suggest a possible association between endometriosis and long COVID, the evidence is currently limited to two observational studies. Further research involving diverse populations and robust study designs is needed to confirm this relationship and clarify underlying mechanisms.}, }
@article {pmid40374879, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, A and Xie, W and Zhang, J}, title = {The synergistic role of viral infection and immune response in the pathogenesis of facial palsy.}, journal = {Journal of neurovirology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40374879}, issn = {1538-2443}, support = {2022K126//Quzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau/ ; }, abstract = {Facial palsy refers to facial muscle paralysis and is typically brought about by viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes zoster virus (VZV), and SARS-CoV-2. While significant progress has been achieved in viral facial palsy pathogenesis, mechanisms of viral infection-immunity synergy are yet to be revealed. The authors of this article made an attempt to fill this gap by critically summarizing how viral infection causes inflammation and damage to the facial nerve through an immune response mechanism in the facial palsy pathogenesis. We also summarize the current treatment modalities and their respective efficacies. The article set the conditions under which viral infections caused by HSV-1, VZV, SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and EBV lead to facial paralysis and how the viruses infect the facial nerve, initiate an immune response, and cause nerve death. The impact involved direct viral invasion of neurons, immune evasion and induction of neuroinflammation. The review also discusses the primary role of T cells, B cells and innate immune cells in inducing or relieving the condition. The study emphasizes the need to understand the synergic effect of viral infection and immuneresponse of facial palsy as the foundation of the creation of more potent therapeutic strategies. The paper provides a detailed overview of complex interaction of immuneresponse and viral infection of facial palsy with significant level of importance regarding future research and clinical application.}, }
@article {pmid40374417, year = {2025}, author = {Cabral, JE and Wu, A and Zhou, H and Pham, MA and Lin, S and McNulty, R}, title = {Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for inflammatory disease therapy.}, journal = {Trends in pharmacological sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.tips.2025.04.007}, pmid = {40374417}, issn = {1873-3735}, abstract = {The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a megadalton complex implicated in numerous inflammation-driven diseases including COVID-19, Alzheimer's disease, and gout. Although past efforts have focused on inhibiting IL-1β downstream of NLRP3 activation using drugs such as canakinumab, no FDA-approved NLRP3-targeted inhibitors are currently available. MCC950, a direct NLRP3 inhibitor, showed promise but exhibited off-target effects. Recent research has focused on optimizing the sulfonylurea-based MCC950 scaffold by leveraging recent structural and medicinal chemistry insights into the NLRP3 nucleotide-binding and oligomerization (NACHT) domain to improve solubility and clinical efficacy. In addition, oxidized DNA (oxDNA) has emerged as a key inflammasome trigger, and molecules targeting the pyrin domain have shown promise in inhibiting NLRP3 activation. This review discusses the role of NLRP3 in inflammation-related diseases, the status of ongoing clinical trials, and emerging small-molecule therapeutics targeting NLRP3.}, }
@article {pmid40374219, year = {2025}, author = {Hall Dykgraaf, S and Sunjaya, AP and James, D and Kidd, M}, title = {Access to dental services for children: a scoping review on the impact of COVID-19 and implications for future models of care.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {e097256}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2024-097256}, pmid = {40374219}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Services Accessibility ; Child ; *Dental Care for Children/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Australia/epidemiology ; Oral Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic had detrimental effects on routine health and social care as countries instituted widespread public health measures to control transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This affected care delivery for many chronic and non-communicable diseases, including oral health and dental diseases with implications in the postpandemic period.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This scoping review, conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Review guidelines, aims to synthesise evidence regarding the impact of COVID-19 on access to dental services among children and their implications for future models of care, especially for children from low-income families, to inform policy decision making around subsidised dental services in Australia.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.<br><br>ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Primary studies of any design published between 1 January 2020 and 31 July 2024. Included studies described provision of paediatric dental services, considered components of access or utilisation and were published in English. Excluded studies were those that only evaluated maxillofacial services.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were extracted using a standardised template in MS Excel then analysed to thematically classify findings based on key areas of impact. Quality assessment of studies was not conducted.<br><br>RESULTS: 54 articles from 17 countries were included. Studies identified reductions in service availability and utilisation, including patient and parent-driven demand. Changes to the configuration of services included greater rates of emergency treatment, reductions in use of aerosol-generating procedures and more use of teledentistry, as well as self-management and prevention approaches. Substantial delays to routine dental care, leading to more dental problems and ongoing need, especially untreated dental caries, were observed with a disproportionate impact on socioeconomically disadvantaged and vulnerable children and families.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had pronounced negative effects on the provision of primary and secondary dental care for children around the world. Access to care was affected by disruptions to service availability and by changes in demand for services related to parental anxiety around the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Delays in receipt of routine dental care and changes to oral health behaviours are likely to lead to an increased need for oral health services, with service adaptations needed to ensure this increased demand can be met.}, }
@article {pmid40373391, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, X and Li, F and Hobbelen, HS and van Munster, BC and Lamoth, CJ}, title = {Gait parameters and daily physical activity for distinguishing pre-frail, frail, and non-frail older adults: A scoping review.}, journal = {The journal of nutrition, health &amp; aging}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {100580}, doi = {10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100580}, pmid = {40373391}, issn = {1760-4788}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to gather current knowledge on accurately identifying and distinguishing between non-frail, pre-frail, and frail older adults using gait and daily physical activity (DPA) parameters and/or models that combine gait with DPA parameters in both controlled and daily life environments.<br><br>METHODS: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across seven databases using key terms: "frail", "gait or walk", "IMU", and "age". Studies were included if they focused on gait analysis using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) for walking distances greater than 10 meters. Extracted data included study design, gait and DPA outcomes, walking conditions, and classification model performance. Gait parameters were grouped into four domains: spatio-temporal, frequency, amplitude, and dynamic gait. DPA parameters were synthesized into three categories: postural and transition, variability, and physical activity pattern.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 15 cross-sectional studies involving 2,366 participants met the inclusion criteria. Gait analysis showed (pre)frail individuals had slower, shorter steps with longer stride times compared to non-frail individuals. Pre-frail individuals showed distinct gait patterns in periodicity, magnitude range, and variability. In daily activities, (pre)frail individuals displayed shorter, fragmented walking periods and longer transitions between positions. Walking variation identified pre-frail status, showing progressive decreases from non-frail to frail states. Combined gait and daily physical activity models achieved over 97% accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing between groups.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This review provides an updated synthesis of the relationship between various gait and/or DPA parameters and physical frailty, highlighting gaps in pre-frailty detection and the variability in measurement protocols. It underscores the potential of long-term, sensor-based monitoring of daily physical activity for advancing pre-frailty screening and guiding future clinical trials. Structured Abstract BACKGROUND: Changes in gait and physical activity are critical indicators of frailty. With advancements in wearable sensor technology, long-term gait analysis using acceleration data has become more feasible. However, the contribution of parameters beyond gait speed, such as gait dynamics and daily physical activity (DPA), in identifying frail and pre-frail individuals remains unclear.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to gather knowledge on accurately identifying and differentiating physical pre-frail and frail individuals from non-frail individuals using gait parameters alone or models that combine gait and DPA parameters, both in controlled settings and daily life environments.<br><br>METHODS: The review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A search strategy incorporating key terms-"frail", "gait or walk", "IMU", and "age"-was applied across seven databases from inception to March 1, 2024. Studies were included if they focused on gait analysis in controlled or daily environments using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and involved walking distances longer than 10 meters. Data on walking conditions, gait outcomes, classification methods, and results were extracted. Gait parameters were categorized into four domains: spatio-temporal, frequency, amplitude, and dynamic gait. DPA parameters were synthesized into three categories: postural and transition, variability, physical activity pattern.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 15 cross-sectional observational studies met the eligibility criteria, covering 2,366 participants, with females representing 27%-80% of the sample and ages ranging from 60 to 92 years. Regarding gait parameters, (pre)frail individuals exhibited longer stride times, slower walking speeds, shorter steps, and reduced cadence compared to non-frail individuals. In three studies, pre-frail could be distinguished from the non-frail and frail group through gait periodicity, range of magnitude, and gait variability. DPA patterns differed between groups, with (pre)frail individuals showing shorter and more fragmented walking periods, brief walking bouts and longer postural transitions. Walking bout variation (CoV) effectively identified pre-frail status, decreasing 53.73% from non-frail to pre-frail, and another 30.87% from pre-frail to frail. Models combining both gait and DPA parameters achieved the highest accuracy (97.25%), sensitivity (98.25%), and specificity (98.25%) in distinguishing between groups.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This scoping review provides an updated overview of the current knowledge and gaps in understanding the relationship between gait parameters across different domains and DPA parameters along with physical frailty. Significant variability in gait measurement methods and protocols complicates direct comparisons between studies. The review emphasizes the need for further research, particularly in pre-frailty screening, and underscores the potential of inertial sensor-based long-term monitoring of daily physical activity for future clinical trials.}, }
@article {pmid40373033, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, L and Bhanushali, T and Huang, Z and Yang, J and Badami, S and Hightow-Weidman, L}, title = {Evaluating Generative AI in Mental Health: Systematic Review of Capabilities and Limitations.}, journal = {JMIR mental health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {e70014}, doi = {10.2196/70014}, pmid = {40373033}, issn = {2368-7959}, mesh = {Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Mental Health ; *Mental Disorders/therapy ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The global shortage of mental health professionals, exacerbated by increasing mental health needs post COVID-19, has stimulated growing interest in leveraging large language models to address these challenges.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aims to evaluate the current capabilities of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) models in the context of mental health applications.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive search across 5 databases yielded 1046 references, of which 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies were original research with experimental designs (eg, Turing tests, sociocognitive tasks, trials, or qualitative methods); a focus on GenAI models; and explicit measurement of sociocognitive abilities (eg, empathy and emotional awareness), mental health outcomes, and user experience (eg, perceived trust and empathy).<br><br>RESULTS: The studies, published between 2023 and 2024, primarily evaluated models such as ChatGPT-3.5 and 4.0, Bard, and Claude in tasks such as psychoeducation, diagnosis, emotional awareness, and clinical interventions. Most studies used zero-shot prompting and human evaluators to assess the AI responses, using standardized rating scales or qualitative analysis. However, these methods were often insufficient to fully capture the complexity of GenAI capabilities. The reliance on single-shot prompting techniques, limited comparisons, and task-based assessments isolated from a context may oversimplify GenAI's abilities and overlook the nuances of human-artificial intelligence interaction, especially in clinical applications that require contextual reasoning and cultural sensitivity. The findings suggest that while GenAI models demonstrate strengths in psychoeducation and emotional awareness, their diagnostic accuracy, cultural competence, and ability to engage users emotionally remain limited. Users frequently reported concerns about trustworthiness, accuracy, and the lack of emotional engagement.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Future research could use more sophisticated evaluation methods, such as few-shot and chain-of-thought prompting to fully uncover GenAI's potential. Longitudinal studies and broader comparisons with human benchmarks are needed to explore the effects of GenAI-integrated mental health care.}, }
@article {pmid40372206, year = {2025}, author = {Ortiz-Prado, E and Izquierdo-Condoy, JS and Vasconez-Gonzalez, J and López-Cortés, A and Salazar-Santoliva, C and Vargas Michay, AR and Vélez-Paéz, JL and Unigarro, L}, title = {From pandemic onset to present: five years of insights into ARDS caused by COVID-19.}, journal = {Expert review of respiratory medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1080/17476348.2025.2507207}, pmid = {40372206}, issn = {1747-6356}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has challenged healthcare systems, initially resembling classical ARDS but later recognized as distinct. Unique features such as endothelial injury, microthrombosis, and dysregulated inflammation influenced treatment efficacy. Understanding its evolution is key to optimizing therapy and improving outcomes.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: This review synthesizes current evidence on COVID-19-associated ARDS, covering epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical phenotypes, and treatments. It explores the shift from L and H phenotypes to a refined disease model and highlights key therapies, including corticosteroids, immunomodulators, prone positioning, ECMO, and vaccination's impact on severity and ARDS incidence.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, uncertainty was overwhelming. Early clinical guidelines relied on case reports and small case series, offering only preliminary insights into disease progression and management. Despite the initial chaos, the scientific community launched an unprecedented research effort, with over 11,000 clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov investigating COVID-19 treatments. Several evidence-based strategies emerged as gold standards for managing COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome, surpassing prior approaches. The pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in global healthcare, reshaped modern medicine, accelerated innovation, and reinforced the essential role of evidence-based practice in critical care and public health policy.}, }
@article {pmid40372091, year = {2025}, author = {Schentag, J and Penz, K and Vandenberg, H}, title = {Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Acute Care Nurses: An Integrative Review.}, journal = {Journal of advanced nursing}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jan.17057}, pmid = {40372091}, issn = {1365-2648}, abstract = {AIM: To analyse, critique, and synthesise available research to create a unique framework of the impacts of COVID-19 on acute care nurses.<br><br>METHODS: Whittemore and Knafl's framework was used to organise this review. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used for quality analysis.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and the National Institute of Health COVID-19 database were searched.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-five articles were included. Impacts on acute care nurses came from changes, access to resources, interrupted relationships, and the virus itself. The outcomes from nurses were categorised as positive, physical, emotional responses, leaving and mental disorders. These outcomes were mediated by making connections, coping, learning and experience, and finding meaning.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Nurses working in acute care during COVID-19 were faced with immense stressors in a tumultuous and dangerous time. The vastly negative outcomes were less surprising than the fact nurses were left to find mitigating factors on their own. Given the large attrition from nursing that occurred and is still occurring, health systems that can both lessen the impacts and strengthen the buffering effects of mediating factors may fare better when the next pandemic comes.<br><br>IMPLICATIONS: Lessons learned can be used to prepare for future pandemics. Nurses should be at the forefront of all planning whether through education, policy, or research. Having a framework allows for a more comprehensive understanding and provides an underpinning for future action. The possibility for impact spans nurses across the globe who have worked, and who may work, during a pandemic. This framework provides a basis for changes related to pandemic planning throughout nursing domains.<br><br>REPORTING METHOD: The researcher has adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. No Patient or Public Contribution.}, }
@article {pmid40371028, year = {2025}, author = {Devi, S and Yadav, N and Yadav, R}, title = {Nanotechnology-Based Modern Biosensors for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Virus.}, journal = {Indian journal of microbiology}, volume = {65}, number = {1}, pages = {177-188}, pmid = {40371028}, issn = {0046-8991}, abstract = {The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has pointed out the urgent need for rapid and accurate diagnostic tools to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Nanotechnology-based biosensors have emerged as a promising solution due to their high sensitivity, specificity, and speed in detecting biological molecules. This article focuses on the advancements in using nanotechnology for the development of modern biosensors tailored for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Various nanomaterials, such as quantum dots, metallic nanoparticles, and nanowires, have been harnessed to enhance the performance of biosensors, offering improved detection limits and specificity. Besides this, innovative detection platforms, such as field-effect transistors, surface plasmon resonance, and electrochemical sensors, have revolutionized the landscape of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. These nanotechnology-based biosensors demonstrate the potential for point-of-care testing, enabling rapid and on-site detection with minimal sample preparation. The scalability, cost-effectiveness, and portability of these biosensors make them suitable for mass screening efforts in various healthcare settings, including hospitals, clinics, and community centers. The development of reliable biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection aligns with global efforts to curb the spread of the virus through early identification and containment strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40370972, year = {2025}, author = {La Torre, F and Meliota, G and Civino, A and Campanozzi, A and Cecinati, V and Rosati, E and Sacco, E and Santoro, N and Vairo, U and Cardinale, F}, title = {Advancing multidisciplinary management of pediatric hyperinflammatory disorders.}, journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1553861}, pmid = {40370972}, issn = {2296-2360}, abstract = {Pediatric hyperinflammatory diseases, including Still's disease, Kawasaki disease (KD), multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and recurrent pericarditis (RP), represent a spectrum of conditions characterized by immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation. Each disorder exhibits distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features, yet their overlapping presentations often pose diagnostic challenges. Early and accurate differentiation is critical to mitigate complications such as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), coronary artery aneurysms, and myocardial dysfunction. This narrative review explores the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and management of these conditions, emphasizing the utility of advanced biomarkers, imaging modalities, and genetic testing. For Still's disease, the review highlights the transformative role of biologic therapies targeting IL-1 and IL-6 in reducing systemic inflammation and improving outcomes. In KD, timely administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and combination with high-dose steroids in high-risk patients is pivotal for preventing coronary complications. MIS-C, associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, requires tailored immunomodulatory approaches, including corticosteroids and biologics, to address severe hyperinflammation and multiorgan involvement. RP management prioritizes NSAIDs, colchicine, and IL-1 inhibitors to reduce recurrence and corticosteroid dependence. The review advocates for a multidisciplinary approach, integrating standardized diagnostic algorithms and disease-specific expertise to optimize patient care. Future research directions include the identification of predictive biomarkers, exploration of novel therapeutic targets, and development of evidence-based treatment protocols to enhance long-term outcomes in pediatric inflammatory diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40370518, year = {2025}, author = {Jafari, AS and Mozaffari Nejad, AS and Faraji, H and Abdel-Moneim, AS and Asgari, S and Karami, H and Kamali, A and Kheirkhah Vakilabad, AA and Habibi, A and Faramarzpour, M}, title = {Diagnostic Challenges in Fungal Coinfections Associated With Global COVID-19.}, journal = {Scientifica}, volume = {2025}, number = {}, pages = {6840605}, pmid = {40370518}, issn = {2090-908X}, abstract = {The early diagnosis of opportunistic infections is a critical concern for patient care worldwide, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review examines the challenges and advancements in the management and early diagnosis of opportunistic fungal infections, which have become increasingly prominent during the pandemic. Using multiple sources, including curated databases such as PubMed and Scopus, as well as Google Scholar for broader literature searches, we systematically reviewed studies on COVID-19-associated fungal infections, with a focus on candidiasis, mucormycosis, and aspergillosis. The inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed articles, clinical case reports, and cohort studies that discussed diagnostic methods, clinical outcomes, and treatment responses. Data were systematically extracted and analyzed to identify key trends and gaps in current diagnostic practices. Given the significance of opportunistic fungal infections-particularly the selected species-this review provides a comprehensive analysis of diagnostic challenges and advancements in the context of COVID-19 and beyond. Currently, there is no definitive strategy for effectively addressing these opportunistic pathogens, highlighting the need for continued research and innovation. Despite advancements in medical technology, opportunistic fungal infections continue to pose significant challenges to early and accurate diagnosis. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these challenges, with secondary fungal infections contributing to increased morbidity and mortality rates. This review highlights the complexities of diagnosing fungal coinfections and emphasizes the urgent need for improved diagnostic strategies. Enhancing the early and accurate detection of these infections is critical for effective patient management, particularly during viral pandemics. Addressing the challenges outlined in this review requires innovative diagnostic approaches to improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden of opportunistic infections on global healthcare systems.}, }
@article {pmid40370452, year = {2025}, author = {Shang, Z and Huang, L and Qin, S}, title = {The underlying mechanism behind the different outcomes of COVID-19 in children and adults.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1440169}, pmid = {40370452}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; Child ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Adult ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Age Factors ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has affected hundreds of millions of people globally, resulting in millions of deaths. During this pandemic, children have demonstrated greater resistance than adults, exhibiting lower infection rates, reduced mortality, and milder symptoms. Summarizing the differences in resistance between children and adults during COVID-19 can provide insights into protective mechanisms and potential implications for future treatments. In this review, we focused on summarizing and discussing the mechanisms for better protection of children in COVID-19. These protective mechanisms encompass several factors: the baseline expression of cell surface receptor ACE2 and hydrolase TMPRSS2, the impact of complications on COVID-19, and age-related cytokine profiles. Additionally, differences in local and systemic immune responses between children and adults also contribute significantly, particularly interferon responses, heterologous protection from non-COVID-19 vaccinations, and immune status variations influenced by micronutrient levels. The advantageous protection mechanisms of these children may provide insights into the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Importantly, while age-related metabolic profiles and differential COVID-19 vaccine responses may contribute to protection in children, current comparative research remains limited and requires further investigation.}, }
@article {pmid40369626, year = {2025}, author = {Batisani, K}, title = {The role of mRNA vaccines in infectious diseases: a new era of immunization.}, journal = {Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {12}, pmid = {40369626}, issn = {2055-0936}, abstract = {The emergence of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines has marked a seminal shift in the field of immunization, heralding an era characterized by unprecedented speed and efficacy in the face of infectious diseases. The global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed the rapid development and deployment of two leading mRNA vaccines, Comirnaty and SpikeVax, showcasing not only the technological promise of mRNA, but also its transformative potential in public health strategies. This study seeks to provide an in-depth exploration of the foundational elements of mRNA vaccine technology, elucidate its unique advantages over traditional vaccine platforms, analyze the existing challenges that public health officials face, and envision future applications that extend far beyond current expectations. Through this exploration, we advocate for the integration of mRNA technology into existing public health frameworks to enhance global health security and adaptability in the face of emerging infectious threats.}, }
@article {pmid40369424, year = {2025}, author = {Xu, T and Liang, T and Zhang, J and Yan, Y and Lu, L and Kuang, L and Wang, C and Xiao, M and Chen, Y and Zhu, B}, title = {Case report of brain death in a child due to COVID-19 and literature review.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {700}, pmid = {40369424}, issn = {1471-2334}, support = {202201020628//Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; Female ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Brain Death ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Electroencephalography ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: Although COVID-19 typically presents with respiratory symptoms, it can also lead to severe neurological manifestations in children. While case reports of COVID-19-associated encephalopathy (including acute necrotizing encephalopathy) have increasingly appeared, gaps remain regarding optimal management strategies and outcome predictors for children with rapid-onset neurological decline. This report aims to underscore the critical need for standardized clinical approaches to severe pediatric COVID-19-related encephalopathy.<br><br>METHODS: In this case report, We detail the case of an 8-year-old girl who presented with fever, rash, headache, and recurrent seizures. Her diagnostic workup included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 and a range of neurological assessments: contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) to evaluate structural changes, transcranial Doppler ultrasound to assess intracranial hemodynamics, and electroencephalography (EEG) to monitor electrical activity. Intensive therapeutic measures-encompassing mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic support, antimicrobial agents, and corticosteroids-were initiated. In addition, a targeted narrative literature review of pediatric COVID-19-associated neurological complications was conducted to contextualize this presentation.<br><br>RESULTS: The patient tested positive for COVID-19;imaging revealed brain edem, and EEG suggested brain death. Despite aggressive critical care interventions, her condition did not improve, ultimately resulting in brain death. Our review of current literature revealed several reported instances of acute necrotizing encephalopathy in pediatric COVID-19, highlighting a growing body of evidence on the potential for severe central nervous system sequelae.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This case highlights the importance of early recognition and close neurological surveillance in pediatric patients with COVID-19. Although accumulating evidence describes COVID-19-related neurological complications such as acute necrotizing encephalopathy, uncertainties persist regarding definitive treatment protocols and long-term outcomes. Greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms and standardized management pathways is imperative to improve prognosis in this vulnerable population.<br><br>CLINICAL TRIAL: Not applicable.}, }
@article {pmid39438198, year = {2025}, author = {Warrayat, A and Ali, A and Waked, J and Tocci, D and Speth, RC}, title = {Assessment of the therapeutic potential of salubrinal for ME/CFS and long-COVID.}, journal = {Trends in molecular medicine}, volume = {31}, number = {5}, pages = {466-478}, doi = {10.1016/j.molmed.2024.10.001}, pmid = {39438198}, issn = {1471-499X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Thiourea/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/drug therapy ; *Cinnamates/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *COVID-19/complications ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Quality of Life ; Animals ; }, abstract = {Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic debilitating condition with no cure that shares commonality with long-COVID. This review examines current understanding of long-COVID symptoms, characteristics of the affected population, the connection with ME/CFS, and the potential for salubrinal, an agent known for its influence on cellular stress pathways, to mitigate these disorders It also describes the historical development and mechanism of action of salubrinal, to mitigate endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/cellular stress responses, that could potentially contribute to symptom improvement in both ME/CFS and long-COVID patients. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to advance our understanding of the potential role of salubrinal in improving the quality of life for individuals with long-COVID-related ME/CFS symptoms as well as ME/CFS patients.}, }
@article {pmid40369415, year = {2025}, author = {Zulu, JM and Silumbwe, A and Munakampe, M and Chavula, MP and Mulubwa, C and Sirili, N and Zulu, W and Michelo, C and Tetui, M}, title = {A scoping review of the roles, challenges, and strategies for enhancing the performance of community health workers in the response against COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries.}, journal = {BMC primary care}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {163}, pmid = {40369415}, issn = {2731-4553}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Community Health Workers/standards/organization &amp; administration ; *Developing Countries ; *Professional Role ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Global concerns regarding effective response strategies to the COVID-19 pandemic arose amid the swift spread of the virus to low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. Although LMICs instituted several measures to mitigate spread of the virus in low resource settings, including task shifting certain demand and supply functions to community actors such as community health workers (CHWs), there remains a lack of synthesized evidence on these experiences and lessons. This scoping review sought to synthesize evidence regarding the roles and challenges faced by CHWs during the fight against COVID-19, along with strategies to address these challenges.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: We systematically searched several major electronic databases including PubMed, HINARI, Cochrane Library (Reviews and Trials), Science Direct and Google Scholar for relevant literature. The search strategy was designed to capture literature published in LMICs on CHWs roles during COVID-19 period spanning 2019-2023. Two researchers were responsible for retrieving these studies, and critically reviewed them in accordance with Arksey and O'Malley scoping review approach. In total, 22 articles were included and analysed using Clarke and Braun thematic analysis in NVivo 12 Pro Software.<br><br>RESULTS: Community health workers (CHWs) played a vital role during the COVID-19 pandemic. They engaged in health promotion and education, conducted surveillance and contact tracing, supported quarantine efforts, and maintained essential primary health services. They also facilitated referrals, advocated for clients and communities, and contributed to vaccination planning and coordination, including tracking and follow-up. However, CHWs faced significant challenges, including a lack of supplies, inadequate infection prevention and control measures, and stigma from community members. Additionally, they encountered limited supportive policies, insufficient remuneration and incentives. To enhance CHWs' performance, regular training on preventive measures is essential. Utilizing digital technology, such as mobile health, can be beneficial. Establishing collaborative groups through messaging platforms and prioritizing access to COVID-19 vaccines are important steps. Additionally, delivering wellness programs and providing quality protective equipment for CHWs are crucial for their effectiveness.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The study found that CHWs are vital actors within the health system during global pandemics like COVID-19. This entails the need for increased support and investment to better integrate CHWs into health systems during such crises, which could ultimately contribute to sustaining the credibility of CHWs programs and foster more inclusive community health systems (CHSs).}, }
@article {pmid40368586, year = {2025}, author = {Isaia, HA and Clerici, NJ and Brandelli, A}, title = {Bacillus lipopeptides as versatile antimicrobial weapons: looking toward antiviral activity.}, journal = {Critical reviews in biotechnology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-17}, doi = {10.1080/07388551.2025.2499152}, pmid = {40368586}, issn = {1549-7801}, abstract = {Viral outbreaks are a topic of worldwide concern, resulting in a significant impact in health systems, a large number of deaths, and huge economical losses. The damage caused by Covid-19 has further highlighted the importance of prospecting for new molecules that can be applied in the prevention and treatment of viral infections. Many studies describe the remarkable antimicrobial activity of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus spp., especially against fungi and bacteria. However, research regarding the antagonistic effects on viruses is less frequent. Despite that, the antiviral activity of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus spp. has been demonstrated, indicating that these molecules could be potential candidates to control viral diseases. In this article, a compilation of reports with consistent data regarding the antiviral effect of Bacillus lipopeptides and the mechanisms involved in this process are presented. Moreover, the immunomodulatory role and toxicity profile of these molecules are discussed. Bacillus lipopeptides may exert an indirect antiviral effect, since they are able to positively induce humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Moreover, their antiviral effect was observed in vitro and in vivo at nontoxic concentrations, offering a safe perspective for possible clinical application of these molecules. Finally, the challenges related to optimization and increasing production yield are addressed. This is the first critical review dedicated exclusively to antiviral activity of Bacillus lipopeptides.}, }
@article {pmid40368428, year = {2025}, author = {Landry, V and Matschek, J and Pang, R and Munipalle, M and Tan, K and Boruff, J and Li-Jessen, NYK}, title = {Audio-based digital biomarkers in diagnosing and managing respiratory diseases: a systematic review and bibliometric analysis.}, journal = {European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society}, volume = {34}, number = {176}, pages = {}, pmid = {40368428}, issn = {1600-0617}, mesh = {Humans ; Bibliometrics ; Biomarkers ; *Respiratory Tract Diseases/diagnosis/therapy/physiopathology ; Asthma/diagnosis/therapy/physiopathology ; *Wearable Electronic Devices ; }, abstract = {Advances in wearable sensors and artificial intelligence have greatly enhanced the potential of digitised audio biomarkers for disease diagnostics and monitoring. In respiratory care, evidence supporting their clinical use remains fragmented and inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the current research landscape of digital audio biomarkers in respiratory medicine through a bibliometric analysis and systematic review (PROSPERO CRD 42022336730). MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL were searched for references indexed up to 9 April 2024. Eligible studies evaluated the accuracy of sound analysis for diagnosing and managing obstructive (asthma and COPD) or infectious respiratory diseases, excluding COVID-19. A narrative synthesis was conducted, and the QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess study quality and risk of bias. Of 14 180 studies, 81 were included. Bibliometric analysis identified fundamental (e.g. "diagnostic accuracy"+"machine learning") and emerging (e.g. "developing countries") themes. Despite methodological heterogeneity, audio biomarkers generally achieved moderate (60-79%) to high (80-100%) accuracies. 80% of studies (eight out of ten) reported high sensitivities and specificities for asthma diagnosis, 78% (seven out of nine) reported high sensitivities and 56% (five out of nine) reported high specificities for COPD, and 64% (seven out of eleven) reported high sensitivity or specificity values for pneumonia diagnosis. Breathing and coughing were the most common biomarkers, with artificial neural networks being the most common analysis technique. Future research on audio biomarkers should focus on testing their validity in clinically diverse populations and resolving algorithmic bias. If successful, digital audio biomarkers hold promise for complementing existing clinical tools in enabling more accessible applications in telemedicine, communicable disease monitoring, and chronic condition management.}, }
@article {pmid40367933, year = {2025}, author = {Shang, S and Zhang, B and Wu, B and Dou, Y and Zhang, L and Sun, W}, title = {The efficacy of hemoperfusion in severe COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Blood purification}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-33}, doi = {10.1159/000546256}, pmid = {40367933}, issn = {1421-9735}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct a meta analysis and systematic review to assess the efficacy of the hemoperfusion in patients with severe COVID-19.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive search for candidate publications was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase.<br><br>STUDY SELECTIONS: Studies investigating the effect of hemoperfusion on mortality among severe COVID-19 patients were selected, including randomized controlled trials(RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials, and observational studies with control groups. The primary endpoint was the longest reported mortality, while the secondary endpoints were the length of stay, ICU stay, P/F ratio, and CRP.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION: The Cochrane test (Q) and Isquare (I2) test were used to quantify heterogeneity among the studies. The fixedeffect model (Mantel-Haenszel method) would be selected when there is no heterogeneity (P > 0.10 and I2 < 50%), whereas the randomeffect model (DerSimonian-Laird method) was used in obvious heterogeneity (P &#x2264; 0.10 and I2 &#x2265; 50%). Data are presented as risk ratio(RR); 95% confidence intervals(CIs); p values; I2.<br><br>DATA SYNTHESIS: Of the 127 articles retrieved, 14 were selected for this study including 405 patients in the HP group and 518 patients in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between the hemoperfusion and the control groups (RR 0.81 95%CI[0.71, 0.93]; p = 0.15 > 0.05; I2 = 68.2%). The results of the subgroup analysis of hemoperfusion with HA series indicated a reduction in the mortality of patients with COVID-19 (RR 0.60 [0.46, 0.78]; p < 0.0001; I2 =0.0%). The hemoperfusion (HP) group had a longer length of stay compared with the control group (WMD 5.25[2.53, 7.97]days; p < 0.05; I2 = 28.0%), but not the ICU stay (ES 1.33[-2.86, 5.53]days; p = 0.53; I2 = 85.5%). After hemoperfusion, the P/F ratio (WMD 95.79[74.46, 117.12]mmHg; p < 0.05; I2 = 5.8%) increased, while CRP (WMD -44.03[-68.97, -19.09]mg/L; p < 0.05; I2 = 86.9%) decreased.}, }
@article {pmid40366930, year = {2025}, author = {Mateus, LCO and Correa, JR and Almeida, PE}, title = {Extracellular Vesicles in COVID-19: Mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic strategies.}, journal = {Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias}, volume = {97}, number = {2}, pages = {e20241216}, doi = {10.1590/0001-3765202520241216}, pmid = {40366930}, issn = {1678-2690}, mesh = {Humans ; *Extracellular Vesicles/virology/immunology/physiology ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Exosomes ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global health, driven in part by the high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2, which has resulted in the emergence of variants with enhanced transmissibility, virulence, and immune evasion capabilities. This evolving threat highlights the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies, as current treatments have shown limited efficacy. In this context, Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) present a promising alternative. EVs play a crucial role in intercellular communication and offer advantages due to their biocompatibility and mechanisms of cellular entry as viruses, making them an important tool against SARS-CoV-2. One of the principal immune evasion strategies employed by SARS-CoV-2 involves the release of EVs capable of transporting viral antigens. Numerous studies have suggested the role of exosomes and microvesicles as carriers of viral components, indicating that EVs can be targets in the progression of infection. Exosomes derived from infected cells could function as biomarkers and as potential drug delivery vehicles. Furthermore, EVs play a regulatory role in immune responses, facilitating cytokine production and antigen presentation. This review aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of EVs in SARS-CoV-2 infection, examine their implications for biomarker development and explore their potential therapeutic applications in COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40366711, year = {2025}, author = {Vu, PD and Abdi, S}, title = {Post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection and neuropathic pain: a narrative review of the literature and future directions.}, journal = {Pain management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-11}, doi = {10.1080/17581869.2025.2501521}, pmid = {40366711}, issn = {1758-1877}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Neuropathic pain is a recognized and debilitating symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection across acute, post-acute, and long-COVID phases. Initially emerging as acute or subacute symptoms, these neuropathic manifestations can evolve into chronic conditions, with approximately 10% of all SARS-CoV-2 cases (estimated 65 million individuals globally) developing post-acute SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) neuropathic sequalae. Given the limited literature specifically addressing neuropathic pain related to PASC, a deeper understanding is needed to improve management and reduce patient burden.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: PASC symptoms are associated with disease severity, elevated body mass indexes, preexisting psychological conditions, and addiction history. Sex differences appear to influence prevalence, and the multisystem nature of PASC complicates symptom presentation, with mood disorders, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction contributing to altered pain perception. Proposed mechanisms include immune dysregulation, persistent viral protein effects, and neuroanatomical changes. Management typically involves a multimodal approach.<br><br>SUMMARY: This review examines SARS-CoV-2 neuropathic pain across the illness trajectory, examining its pathophysiology, prevalence, and treatment. It highlights the potential for subacute neuropathic symptoms to become chronic and calls for future research to refine long-term management strategies and assess broader healthcare implications.}, }
@article {pmid40366294, year = {2025}, author = {Sheikhi, RA and Heidari, M and Noorbakhsh, S and Sarpiri, MR}, title = {The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Role of Tele-Nursing in Reducing Bed Occupancy: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Florence Nightingale journal of nursing}, volume = {33}, number = {}, pages = {1-10}, pmid = {40366294}, issn = {2687-6442}, abstract = {AIM: This systematic review examines the tele-nursing methods used during the coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak to manage the increase in patient numbers and investigates strategies for reducing hospital bed occupancy.<br><br>METHOD: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The primary databases used to search the literature were PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. One hundred sixty eight articles have been reviewed. The keywords for this review included "Coronavirus Disease 2019," "tele-nursing," and "bed occupancy." Equivalent terms were derived from Medical Subject Headings and expert opinions and extracted from related articles.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of the 168 records identified through the initial database search, seven articles were ultimately included in the final stage of this review after a thorough analysis of their features and content to address the study questions. The results of this systematic review, based on the content analysis of the selected studies, reveal various approaches used worldwide to manage the influx of patients in hospitals due to COVID-19 infection. The findings also highlight strategies employed to reduce bed occupancy, along with the challenges faced in implementing telenursing. The results are summarized into three main themes: current care models, challenges in establishing telenursing, and strategies to decrease bed occupancy.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Tele-nursing and virtual care are crucial for reducing bed occupancy during disasters like coronavirus disease 2019. Creating communication infrastructure, developing distance education through virtual space, licensing the private sector to run tele-nursing, clarifying the medical and legal responsibilities of telehealth, developing protocols of care, community education, and using new technology for remote consultation are ways to facilitate tele-nursing and reduce hospital bed occupancy.}, }
@article {pmid40365983, year = {2025}, author = {Romantowski, J and Gawinowska, M and Trzonkowski, P and Niedoszytko, M}, title = {Can Labs Help With Vaccination? In Vitro Tests in Diagnosis of Allergy to COVID-19 Vaccines-A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Immunity, inflammation and disease}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {e70206}, pmid = {40365983}, issn = {2050-4527}, support = {//The article was prepared as part of the course Clinical Research Scholars Programme conducted by Harvard Medical School in 2023/2024 funded by Medical Research Agency (Poland, Warsaw)./ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccination/adverse effects ; *Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis/immunology ; Immunoglobulin E/blood/immunology ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Since the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic in 2019, vaccinations have proven to be a key strategy in disease prophylaxis. Although vaccines are safe from the perspective of the general population, hypersensitivity reactions have still been described, causing individuals to be reluctant in their vaccination decision. Since the description of first reports of COVID-19 vaccine allergy, many protocols of allergy work-up have been developed, including In Vitro and In Vivo tests. Although In Vivo tests were more accessible, many patients preferred In Vitro tests that would not involve contact with the allergen and be safe. This applied in particular to patients that had experienced a severe delayed hypersensitivity reaction in which In Vivo tests were highly limited and provocations were deemed high risk. Taking into account these circumstances, In Vitro tests might significantly enhance allergy work-up.<br><br>METHODS: National Center for Biotechnology Information (Pubmed) database was searched in May 2024 for articles on In Vitro diagnostic methods for COVID-19 vaccine allergy and hypersensitivity.<br><br>RESULTS: This article describes the In Vitro tests developed to date in the diagnosis of COVID-19 vaccine hypersensitivity: (1) analysis of specific IgE and IgG, (2) Basophil Activation Test, (3) Histamine Release Test, (4) IgM-dependent complement activation, (5) Lymphocyte Transformation Test, (6) Flow cytometry T-Cell markers, (7) Th1/Th2 cytokines concentration in cell culture.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The article highlights the tests' advantages, flaws and possible clinical applications.}, }
@article {pmid40365256, year = {2025}, author = {Olson, KO and Patel, S and Pathak, P and Kelly, LP and Antony, MA and Thiriveedi, M}, title = {Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis in the COVID-19 era: a systematic review.}, journal = {Skin health and disease}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {114-123}, pmid = {40365256}, issn = {2690-442X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dermatological adverse effects may occur after COVID-19 infection or vaccine administration. Since the beginning of the pandemic, several case reports and systematic reviews have been published on vasculitis associated with both COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Fever, malaise, urticaria, and rash are common symptoms of COVID-19. These symptoms can also occur as adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines. However, the occurrence of serious autoimmune reactions due to COVID-19 infection or its vaccine is rare. Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis (CSVV) is an autoimmune disorder that manifests with palpable purpura and petechiae involving the extremities. It results from neutrophilic inflammation within and around dermal vessels and is usually self-limited.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We provide a thorough systematic review on CSVV occurring in the COVID-19 era.<br><br>METHODS: We followed the PRISMA 2020 checklist for systematic review, searching PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Embase. We included case reports, case series, correspondence articles, and letters to the editor written in English. Characteristics of each were then summarized and analyzed.<br><br>RESULTS: 39 cases were included in our review - 27 due to the COVID-19 vaccine and 12 due to COVID-19 infection. Mean age of onset was similar, but mean time to onset was sooner in the vaccination group. Common treatments included systemic steroids, and almost all patients experienced complete recovery with the exception of a few patients in the COVID-19 infection cohort.<br><br>CONCLUSION: While most cases are self-limiting and resolve with no long-term sequalae, the occurrence of more severe reactions appears to be associated with COVID-19 infection rather than with vaccination.}, }
@article {pmid40364089, year = {2025}, author = {Moustakli, E and Stavros, S and Michaelidis, TM and Potiris, A and Christodoulaki, C and Zachariou, A and Drakakis, P and Zikopoulos, K and Domali, E and Zikopoulos, A}, title = {Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Women's Reproductive Health and Its Association with Autoimmune Diseases, Including Multiple Sclerosis.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {9}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/jcm14093057}, pmid = {40364089}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Concern over COVID-19's long-term influence on women's reproductive health is growing, with emerging research suggesting potential links to ovarian dysfunction, menstrual irregularities, fertility challenges, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Post-viral immune dysregulation is linked to both the development and exacerbation of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Long COVID has been associated with immunological dysfunction, hormonal imbalances, and chronic inflammation, all of which may worsen autoimmune disorders and reproductive health issues. Long COVID is characterized by symptoms persisting for weeks or months beyond the acute infection phase. There are indications that prolonged COVID may contribute to autoimmune disease development through mechanisms such as immune hyperactivation, molecular mimicry, and dysregulated cytokine responses. Although this research field is still emerging, growing evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may have lasting effects on women's health, highlighting the need for further studies into its underlying mechanisms and long-term clinical outcomes. This review compiles recent findings on the long-term impact of COVID-19 on women's reproductive health and its potential association with autoimmune disorders, particularly MS.}, }
@article {pmid40363817, year = {2025}, author = {He, W and Cui, J and Wang, XY and Siu, RHP and Tanner, JA}, title = {Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis: Serum Biomarkers and the Potential for Aptamer-Based Biosensors.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {30}, number = {9}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/molecules30092012}, pmid = {40363817}, issn = {1420-3049}, support = {17163416//General Research Fund (GRF) grants/ ; 17127515//General Research Fund (GRF) grants/ ; 17102318//General Research Fund (GRF) grants/ ; SST/118/20GP//Innovation and Technology Commission Public Sector Trial Scheme for the Prevention and Con-trol of COVID-19 in Hong Kong "COVID-19 Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Saliva: an Ap-tamer-Mediated Approach"/ ; 104006067//HKU Seed Funding for Translational and Applied Research 2020/21 "Digital Diagnostics Using CRISPR-Enabled Nucleic Acid Probe Platform"/ ; 109001358//HKU Seed Funding for Translational and Applied Research 2023/24 "Development of an organic electrochemical transistor-based electrochemical aptamer biosensor"/ ; T12-201/20-R//Hong Kong University Grants Council Theme-based Research Scheme/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/blood ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; *Biosensing Techniques/methods ; *Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry ; *Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; }, abstract = {Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate, and both the incidence and mortality are continuing to increase in many countries globally. The poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is in part due to the challenges in early diagnosis. Improving early-stage pancreatic cancer diagnosis would improve survival outcomes. Aptamer-based biosensors provide an alternative technological approach for the analysis of serum biomarkers with several potential advantages. This review summarizes the major pancreatic cancer serum biomarkers, as well as discusses recent progress in biomarker exploration and aptasensor development. Here, we review both established and novel serum biomarkers identified recently, emphasizing their potential for early-stage pancreatic cancer diagnosis. We also propose strategies for further expanding multiplex biomarker panels beyond the established CA19-9 biomarker to enhance diagnostic performance. We discuss technological advancements in aptamer-based sensors for pancreatic cancer-related biomarkers over the last decade. Optical and electrochemical sensors are highlighted as two primary modalities in aptasensor design, each offering unique advantages. Finally, we propose steps towards clinical application using aptamer-based sensors with multiplexed biomarker detection for improved pancreatic cancer diagnostics.}, }
@article {pmid40362439, year = {2025}, author = {da Silva, FPG and Matte, R and Wiedmer, DB and da Silva, APG and Menin, RM and Barbosa, FB and Meneguzzi, TAM and Pereira, SB and Fausto, AT and Klug, L and Melim, BP and Beltrão, CJ}, title = {HIF-1α Pathway in COVID-19: A Scoping Review of Its Modulation and Related Treatments.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {9}, pages = {}, pmid = {40362439}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {*Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Signal Transduction ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Inflammation/metabolism ; *Coronavirus Infections/metabolism/drug therapy ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by SARS-CoV-2, has led to a global health crisis, highlighting the virus's unique molecular mechanisms that distinguish it from other respiratory pathogens. It is known that the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) activates a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways regulating cellular energy metabolism, angiogenesis, and cell survival, contributing to the wide range of clinical manifestations of COVID-19, including Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS). Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of HIF-1α is a key driver of systemic inflammation, silent hypoxia, and pathological tissue remodeling in both the acute and post-acute phases of the disease. This scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines and registered in INPLASY. It involved a literature search in Scopus and PubMed, supplemented by manual reference screening, with study selection facilitated by Rayyan software. Our analysis clarifies the dual role of HIF-1α, which may either worsen inflammatory responses and viral persistence or support adaptive mechanisms that reduce cellular damage. The potential for targeting HIF-1α therapeutically in COVID-19 is complex, requiring further investigation to clarify its precise role and translational applications. This review deepens the molecular understanding of SARS-CoV-2-induced cellular and tissue dysfunction in hypoxia, offering insights for improving clinical management strategies and addressing long-term sequelae.}, }
@article {pmid40362357, year = {2025}, author = {Zajac, D and Jampolska, M and Wojciechowski, P}, title = {Molecular Hydrogen in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {9}, pages = {}, pmid = {40362357}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hydrogen/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *Respiratory Tract Diseases/drug therapy ; Animals ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy ; }, abstract = {Molecular hydrogen is gaining increasing attention as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic agent. Once considered an inert gas, it reveals current therapeutic potential among others in inflammatory diseases, cancer, and sports medicine, among others. The present review aims to provide a consistent summary of the findings of the last twenty years on the use of molecular hydrogen in major respiratory diseases, including allergies, asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung injury of various origins, as well as cancer and infections of the respiratory tract. In addition, the basic mechanisms through which molecular hydrogen exercises its biological activity on the respiratory system are described.}, }
@article {pmid40362344, year = {2025}, author = {Naidoo, P and Naicker, T}, title = {A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin Motif, Member 13, and Von Willebrand Factor in Relation to the Duality of Preeclampsia and HIV Infection.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {9}, pages = {}, pmid = {40362344}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Humans ; *ADAMTS13 Protein/metabolism/genetics/blood ; *Pre-Eclampsia/metabolism/blood ; *von Willebrand Factor/metabolism/genetics ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *HIV Infections/metabolism/blood ; COVID-19/metabolism/complications ; Thrombosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Normal pregnancy is associated with multiple changes in the coagulation and the fibrinolytic system. In contrast to a non-pregnant state, pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state where the level of VWF increases by 200-375%, affecting coagulation activity. Moreover, in this hypercoagulable state of pregnancy, preeclampsia is exacerbated. ADAMTS13 cleaves the bond between Tyr1605 and Met1606 in the A2 domain of VWF, thereby reducing its molecular weight. A deficiency of ADAMTS13 originates from mutations in gene or autoantibodies formed against the protease, leading to defective enzyme production. Von Willebrand protein is critical for hemostasis and thrombosis, promoting thrombus formation by mediating the adhesion of platelets and aggregation at high shear stress conditions within the vessel wall. Mutations in VWF disrupts multimer assembly, secretion and/or catabolism, thereby influencing bleeding. VWF is the primary regulator of plasma ADAMTS13 levels since even minute amounts of active ADAMTS13 protease have a significant inhibitory effect on inflammation and thrombosis. VWF is released as a result of endothelial activation brought on by HIV infection. The SARS-CoV-2 infection promotes circulating proinflammatory cytokines, increasing endothelial secretion of ultra large VWF that causes an imbalance in VWF/ADAMTS13. Raised VWF levels corresponds with greater platelet adhesiveness, promoting a thrombotic tendency in stenotic vessels, leading to increased shear stress conditions.}, }
@article {pmid40361168, year = {2025}, author = {Piotr, L and Aleksandra, Z and Adam, C and Katarzyna, OW and Damian, W and Cezary, W and Rafał, K}, title = {Viral infection and its impact on fertility, medically assisted reproduction and early pregnancy - a narrative review.}, journal = {Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&amp;E}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {68}, pmid = {40361168}, issn = {1477-7827}, mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/trends ; *Fertility/physiology ; *Virus Diseases/complications ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology ; Male ; COVID-19/complications ; Pregnancy Outcome ; *Infertility/virology/therapy/etiology ; }, abstract = {Viral infections can significantly affect the physiopathology of reproductive organs, leading to fertility problems, reducing the success rates of assisted reproductive technologies, and negatively impacting pregnancy. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on viral pathogens that are either suspected or confirmed to play a role in reproductive medicine and their effects on early pregnancy. For instance, viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus can decrease sperm quality. Human papilloma virus infection in men appears to cause infertility, while herpesviruses pose a greater risk to fetuses rather than to fertility. The Zika virus disrupts early embryo development, necessitating a delay in conception for those suspected or confirmed to be infected. The effects of SARS-CoV-2 on reproduction are still unclear. Rubella and cytomegalovirus can cause serious congenital defects, making pre-conception screening essential, and a Rubella vaccine is recommended. More rigorous studies are needed to clarify the roles of various infectious agents, enhance fertility treatments, and improve pregnancy outcomes while reducing complications.}, }
@article {pmid40361091, year = {2025}, author = {Khoshmaram, N and Gholipour, K and Farahbakhsh, M and Tabrizi, JS}, title = {Strategies and challenges for maintaining the continuity of essential health services during a pandemic: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC health services research}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {691}, pmid = {40361091}, issn = {1472-6963}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; *Continuity of Patient Care/organization &amp; administration ; Leadership ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on health systems worldwide, resulting in disruptions to essential health service delivery, such as routine immunizations, maternal and child health, and treatment for communicable and noncommunicable diseases. These services have been disrupted due to the diversion of resources towards the COVID-19 response. Therefore, the objective of this scoping review was to identify the strategies and challenges associated with maintaining the continuity of essential health services during a pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: This scoping review study was conducted in 2023 using the proposed Arksey and O'Malley framework. We conducted searches on PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science using relevant keywords. Additionally, we searched Google Scholar, hand-searched reference lists of included studies, and reviewed organizational reports, websites, and other sources of information. Content analysis was employed to summarize the themes from the selected articles.<br><br>RESULTS: Our search of major databases yielded 3,732 results. After the screening process, 47 articles were included in the scoping review. The extracted interventions were classified into six groups based on the building blocks of the World Health Organization health system: leadership and governance, access to essential medicines, health systems financing, the health workforce, health service delivery, and health information systems.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of effective strategies and interventions can help ensure the provision of essential health services during a pandemic. These strategies include leveraging technology for remote care, ensuring the safety of healthcare workers and patients, strengthening supply chains, and establishing flexible and adaptive healthcare systems.}, }
@article {pmid40043585, year = {2025}, author = {Chen, PH and Lee, CH and Yen, WT and Lee, CC and Jhou, HJ and Wu, CS and Lin, WY}, title = {Efficacy and safety of prone positioning in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of clinical anesthesia}, volume = {103}, number = {}, pages = {111786}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2025.111786}, pmid = {40043585}, issn = {1873-4529}, mesh = {Humans ; *Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods/adverse effects ; Prone Position ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy/mortality ; Respiration, Artificial/statistics &amp; numerical data/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; *Patient Positioning/methods/adverse effects ; COVID-19/therapy ; Length of Stay/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Survival Rate ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung condition characterized by diffuse alveolar damage and hypoxemia. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ECMO) supports gas exchange and reduces ventilator-induced injury, while prone positioning (PP) improves oxygenation by optimizing ventilation-perfusion matching.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, following PRISMA guidelines, using MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Studies included were on adult ARDS patients undergoing vv-ECMO with PP. Outcomes measured were survival rates, ECMO weaning, duration of ECMO support, mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital stays, and complications.<br><br>RESULTS: Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. While ECMO+PP improved 30-day and hospital survival rates, there was no significant improvement in 60-day survival, 90-day survival, ICU survival, or ECMO weaning rates. ECMO+PP significantly enhanced oxygenation parameters and reduced PaCO2 levels. Earlier and more frequent PP sessions shortened mechanical ventilation and ICU stays. Non-COVID patients had better 30-day survival with ECMO+PP than COVID patients.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Combining PP with ECMO improves early but not long-term survival in severe ARDS, especially in non-COVID patients, while extending duration of mechanical support and stays. Further prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings.}, }
@article {pmid39788527, year = {2025}, author = {Wittmann, FG and Luppa, M and Höhn, A and Wege, N and Ascone, L and Lohse, L and Hurlemann, R and Meisenzahl, E and Lambert, M and Bajbouj, M and von Lilienfeld-Toal, M and Riedel-Heller, SG}, title = {[Rapid Assessment of Future Pandemic Effects in Individuals with Severe Mental Illness: Can Ongoing Population-Representative Cohorts Contribute?].}, journal = {Psychiatrische Praxis}, volume = {52}, number = {4}, pages = {226-230}, doi = {10.1055/a-2500-2379}, pmid = {39788527}, issn = {1439-0876}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Germany ; *Mental Disorders/epidemiology/psychology/diagnosis ; *Pandemics ; Forecasting ; Cohort Studies ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology/psychology/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {To provide an overview of ongoing cohorts including severely mentally ill patients to study collateral effects of pandemics.Systematic literature search.None of the ongoing German health cohorts includes people with severe mental illness (SMI). Four cohorts include individuals with severe depressive and anxiety symptoms.German population-representative cohorts do not make a significant contribution to the rapid detection of future pandemic effects in individuals with SMI. Care-based patient cohorts seem better suitable for generating insights into the protection of this vulnerable group under pandemic conditions.}, }
@article {pmid40360908, year = {2025}, author = {Vidiyala, N and Sunkishala, P and Parupathi, P and Nyavanandi, D}, title = {The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development: A Paradigm Shift in the History of Pharmaceutical Industries.}, journal = {AAPS PharmSciTech}, volume = {26}, number = {5}, pages = {133}, pmid = {40360908}, issn = {1530-9932}, mesh = {*Artificial Intelligence/trends ; *Drug Industry/methods/trends ; *Drug Discovery/methods/trends ; Humans ; *Drug Development/methods/trends ; COVID-19 ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; }, abstract = {In today's world, with an increasing patient population, the need for medications is increasing rapidly. However, the current practice of drug development is time-consuming and requires a lot of investment by the pharmaceutical industries. Currently, it takes around 8-10 years and $3 billion of investment to develop a medication. Pharmaceutical industries and regulatory authorities are continuing to adopt new technologies to improve the efficiency of the drug development process. However, over the decades the pharmaceutical industries were not able to accelerate the drug development process. The pandemic (COVID-19) has taught the pharmaceutical industries and regulatory agencies an expensive lesson showing the need for emergency preparedness by accelerating the drug development process. Over the last few years, the pharmaceutical industries have been collaborating with artificial intelligence (AI) companies to develop algorithms and models that can be implemented at various stages of the drug development process to improve efficiency and reduce the developmental timelines significantly. In recent years, AI-screened drug candidates have entered clinical testing in human subjects which shows the interest of pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies. End-end integration of AI within the drug development process will benefit the industries for predicting the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, toxicity, acceleration of clinical trials, study design, virtual monitoring of subjects, optimization of manufacturing process, analyzing and real-time monitoring of product quality, and regulatory preparedness. This review article discusses in detail the role of AI in various avenues of the pharmaceutical drug development process, its limitations, regulatory and future perspectives.}, }
@article {pmid40359841, year = {2025}, author = {Chahat,  and Kumar, B and Gupta, S and Wahajuddin, M and Joshi, G}, title = {Reconnecting the roots of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with medicinal chemistry: Lessons accomplished and challenges so far.}, journal = {Bioorganic chemistry}, volume = {161}, number = {}, pages = {108569}, doi = {10.1016/j.bioorg.2025.108569}, pmid = {40359841}, issn = {1090-2120}, abstract = {Previously known for its unpleasant odour and mortality in elevated concentrations, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is currently considered a complex molecule having significant physiological advantages. After nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), H2S is regarded as the third endogenous gasotransmitter, performing many biological functions in the human body. The essential functions include but are not limited to regulating inflammation, maintaining the redox potential, cellular signalling, and metabolic processes. Moreover, an imbalance in its expression or dysfunction of its precursors and associated enzymes in its biosynthesis leads to multiple pathological conditions, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, COVID-19, etc. Nonetheless, its upregulation is also reported to dysregulate normal physiological conditions and precipitate different diseases and cancer, thus acting as a "Double-edged sword." Despite this, H2S is still being widely explored for its therapeutic potential in various disease states. The present review is put forth to focus on hydrogen sulfide's dichotomous properties, emphasising its critical functions and therapeutic applications. This compilation provides a state-of-the-art analysis of the broad application of H2S donors in developing therapeutic interventions, release mechanisms, and their use in numerous diseases and disorders. Furthermore, various analytical techniques for detecting and quantifying the H2S release in biological samples via the hybrid donors are also discussed. We herein expect that an in-depth comprehension of the multiple activities of H2S can aid in discovering novel therapeutic interventions critical for holistic disease management measures in the future.}, }
@article {pmid40359650, year = {2025}, author = {Acharya, A and Byrareddy, SN}, title = {Immunological insights into the re-emergence of human metapneumovirus.}, journal = {Current opinion in immunology}, volume = {94}, number = {}, pages = {102562}, doi = {10.1016/j.coi.2025.102562}, pmid = {40359650}, issn = {1879-0372}, abstract = {Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a seasonal respiratory virus that typically causes mild, flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe respiratory complications, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis, often requiring hospitalization. Recently, a surge in hMPV cases has been reported in China and other countries, raising concerns about a potential pandemic scenario reminiscent of COVID-19. This review explores the genomic structure, replication cycle, genetic diversity, and evolutionary trajectory of hMPV. It also discusses host immune responses and the available animal models to study pathogenesis and to screen for potential vaccines and antivirals. Additionally, we examine the shifting seasonal trends in hMPV circulation, evaluate the low pandemic risk posed by existing hMPV clades, and underscore the need for continued vaccine and antiviral development. Finally, we advocate for strengthened global surveillance, especially in low- and middle-income countries, as a critical strategy to mitigate the risks posed by emerging hMPV clades.}, }
@article {pmid40359057, year = {2025}, author = {Moore, J and Sanon, R and Khudyakov, Y and Barnes, N}, title = {Strategies and Opportunities to Improve Community Health through Advanced Molecular Detection and Genomic Surveillance of Infectious Diseases.}, journal = {Emerging infectious diseases}, volume = {31}, number = {13}, pages = {9-13}, doi = {10.3201/eid3113.241408}, pmid = {40359057}, issn = {1080-6059}, mesh = {Humans ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis/genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; *Public Health ; *Genomics/methods ; Population Surveillance ; }, abstract = {Advanced molecular detection (AMD) refers to the integration of next-generation sequencing, epidemiologic, and bioinformatics data to drive public health actions. As new AMD technologies emerge, it is critical to ensure those methods are used in communities that are most affected by disease-induced illness and death. We describe strategies and opportunities for using AMD approaches to improve health in those communities, which include improving access to pathogen sequencing, increasing data linkages, and using pathogen sequencing for those diseases where sequencing technologies can provide the best health outcome. Such strategies can help address and prevent differences in health outcomes in various populations, such as rural and tribal communities, persons with underlying health issues, and other populations that experience higher risks for infectious disease.}, }
@article {pmid40358208, year = {2025}, author = {Broadbent, A}, title = {A veterinary virapalooza: a summary of the 2024 American Society for Virology (ASV) Veterinary/Zoonotic Virology Satellite Symposium and online H5N1 panel discussion.}, journal = {Journal of virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e0049925}, doi = {10.1128/jvi.00499-25}, pmid = {40358208}, issn = {1098-5514}, abstract = {The year 2024 saw veterinary/zoonotic virology take center stage once more as the American Society for Virology (ASV) hosted a satellite symposium on the subject in June and an online panel discussion in December. The symposium comprised six talks from experts on viruses of economic importance to agriculture and of public health importance. The viruses in question spanned foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), African swine fever virus (ASFV), Marek's disease virus (MDV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and influenza A viruses (IAVs), and topics covered fundamental virology, applied virology, epidemiology, and surveillance. The goal was to emphasize that improving the control of animal viral diseases requires an integrated, holistic approach involving academia, government, and industry labs undertaking research on basic virology, vaccinology, epidemiology, and surveillance. Moreover, the symposium aimed to highlight career opportunities in the agricultural/veterinary sector for those with virology training. Six months following the symposium, the ASV held an online panel discussion on the ongoing H5N1 IAV situation in poultry, cattle, and people to provide more up-to-date information to its membership. A summary of the talks and discussions is presented here.}, }
@article {pmid40357564, year = {2025}, author = {Amer, M and Møller, MH and Granholm, A and Alotaibi, HF and AlMuhaidib, S and Al Duhailib, Z and Arafat, A and Chew, MS and Rehn, M and Sigurðsson, MI and Kalliomäki, ML and Olkkola, KT and Jalkanen, V and Szczeklik, W and Alshaqaq, HM and Lewis, K and Carayannopoulos, KL and Honarmand, K and Chaudhuri, D and Alquraini, M and Amer, YS and Alshamsi, F and Alhazzani, W}, title = {A systematic methodological evaluation of sepsis guidelines: Protocol for quality assessment and consistency of recommendations.}, journal = {Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica}, volume = {69}, number = {6}, pages = {e70036}, pmid = {40357564}, issn = {1399-6576}, mesh = {*Sepsis/therapy ; Humans ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards ; Research Design ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection. Despite the development of multiple clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to standardize sepsis management, substantial variability exists in methodological quality and key clinical recommendations. This inconsistency complicates guideline implementation and potentially affects patient outcomes. The proposed systematic methodological review aims to evaluate the quality and consistency of sepsis guidelines to identify areas for improvement and provide actionable insights for guideline developers.<br><br>METHODS: This protocol outlines a systematic methodological review of sepsis CPGs published over the last two decades (2004-2025). A comprehensive search strategy will be conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the official websites of professional societies to identify relevant guidelines. The inclusion criteria are CPGs targeting adult sepsis management published by recognized medical or governmental organizations with detailed methodological descriptions. We will use the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument to assess methodological quality across six domains: scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity of presentation, applicability, and editorial independence. Data extraction will focus on key clinical recommendations, including fluid resuscitation, antimicrobial therapy, vasopressor and inotrope use, corticosteroids, source control, blood glucose management, hemodynamic management, and mechanical ventilation management. The consistency of the recommendations will be analyzed, and trends in guideline quality over time will be evaluated. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools will be evaluated for data extraction processes in systematic reviews to determine their capacity for efficiency and accuracy in extracting data compared to human-driven methods.<br><br>CONCLUSION: By systematically appraising the quality and consistency of sepsis guidelines, this review aims to address the existing gaps and discrepancies in guideline development and application. These findings will provide valuable insights into the evolution of sepsis guideline quality, highlight areas for improvement, and support the development of more robust evidence-based recommendations. These results will inform clinicians and guideline developers, ultimately enhancing the standardization and effectiveness of sepsis management worldwide. Integrating AI into the review process represents a novel methodological advancement that streamlines data extraction and analysis.}, }
@article {pmid40135269, year = {2025}, author = {Dahlén, E and Bergman Perland, E and Maria Bergsten, E and Arthurson, V and Kimland, E}, title = {[The use of melatonin continues to increase - rational prescribing and follow-up is important].}, journal = {Lakartidningen}, volume = {122}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40135269}, issn = {1652-7518}, mesh = {*Melatonin/therapeutic use/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage ; Humans ; Child ; COVID-19 ; Adolescent ; Sweden ; Off-Label Use ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Drug Prescriptions/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Adult ; Dietary Supplements ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Jet Lag Syndrome/drug therapy ; }, abstract = {The prescribing of melatonin continues to increase and occurs partially off-label. The largest increase is among children aged 6-17 years. During the COVID pandemic, the over-the-counter sales of melatonin increased despite jet lag in adults being the only approved indication. The Swedish Medical Products Agency notes an increased interest in melatonin and signals of unwarranted sale of melatonin as a dietary supplement. There is a risk that melatonin medications are used too casually. In addition, knowledge of the long-term effects of melatonin use is scarce. The increasing use of melatonin needs to be highlighted and monitored to ensure rational use.}, }
@article {pmid40098402, year = {2025}, author = {Syal, K}, title = {The interplay of tuberculosis and COVID-19: Insights into global health challenges.}, journal = {Journal of biosciences}, volume = {50}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40098402}, issn = {0973-7138}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/transmission ; Global Health ; *Tuberculosis/epidemiology/transmission/diagnosis/complications ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; *Coinfection/epidemiology/microbiology ; Pandemics ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity ; }, abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB), an ancient disease, has plagued humankind for centuries, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has worsened the crisis. This article discusses various intersecting aspects of TB and COVID-19, including transmission, co-infection, progression, and resurgence, which underline the necessity of a coordinated response. The respiratory transmission routes shared by both diseases, coupled with overlapping symptoms, complicate their diagnosis. The relationship between COVID-19 and TB is complex, where TB patients could be predisposed to severe COVID-19 due to potential lung damage inflicted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Also, the disrupted healthcare services and quarantine practices attributed to COVID-19 pandemic could delay treatment and enable the spread of TB, highlighting their complex interplay. The sustenance of TB services amid the pandemic involving improvised diagnosis and access to treatment remains vital. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of coordination between policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers for developing comprehensive plans for transparent global surveillance systems, treatment regimens, and providing equitable access to healthcare resources, which constitute the key steps for alleviating the dual threat of TB and COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39970940, year = {2025}, author = {Iijima, K and Akishita, M and Endo, T and Ichikawa, T and Ozaki, N and Ogasawara, K and Kihara, Y and Kuzuya, M and Komatsu, H and Terasaki, H and Doki, Y and Noguchi, H and Nishi, K and Nishimura, Y and Haga, N and Miyachi, M and Yasumura, S and Wake, J and Arai, H}, title = {Reconstruction of a resilient and secure community and medical care system in the coronavirus era - English translation of the Japanese opinion released from the Science Council of Japan.}, journal = {Geriatrics &amp; gerontology international}, volume = {25}, number = {4}, pages = {481-490}, pmid = {39970940}, issn = {1447-0594}, mesh = {Aged ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; Japan/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; East Asian People ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Over 3 years have passed since the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease associated with a high risk of severe illness and death among older individuals. This period has brought to light regional and social issues, including issues in overall and regional healthcare, that existed before the epidemic. "COVID-19-related frailty" is defined as secondary damage to health caused by inactivity and disconnection from human interaction owing to prolonged isolation among older individuals. Now in its fourth year, COVID-19 cannot be taken lightly, even though it is now a Category 5 infectious disease. Looking at it from the perspective of the Corona (COVID-19)/post-Corona (COVID-19) era and society, it is necessary to reconstruct regional communities in which active residents can resume their activities, a resilient regional society from multiple perspectives, and a medical and care system that can give the public a sense of security, all of which will lead to the development of local communities.<br><br>Weak healthcare systems in emergencies such as emerging infectious diseases and disasters The COVID-19 pandemic has posed challenges in the management of older individuals in Japan. These challenges are common to those encountered with other emerging infectious diseases and disasters; however, the pandemic has emphasized the vulnerability of older adults. End-of-life care and advance care planning do not function during a contingency The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant effect on the end-of-life (EOL) care of older adults, with the lack of implementation and dysfunction of advance care planning (ACP) identified as the biggest factors. This has made it difficult for this population to share their values, intentions, and life goals with their families and healthcare providers. Inadequate use of information and communication technology and the latest technologies Disparity in the digital field (digital divide) is more pronounced among older individuals. Consequently, the benefits of new technologies, such as digitalization and robotics, have not fully reached older individuals, leading to social isolation and frailty in this population. Various secondary health outcomes have emerged as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic The influence of misinformation and disinformation following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated secondary health outcomes, as excessive isolation in life has become prolonged. The inability of older individuals to screen information is a source of major concern. Furthermore, older adults are generally vulnerable to information technology and often face difficulty in accessing correct information. Lack of human resources in the field of public health The promotion of vaccine development, therapeutic drug development, and measures to prevent serious illnesses among older adults remain major challenges, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic. Information gathering and analysis during normal times are also important issues in the public health, medical care, and nursing care sectors. A shortage of human resources for this purpose has also become evident.<br><br>CONTENT OF OPINION: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the compilation of a vision for the future of the aging Japanese society from the viewpoint of individual health as well as from a broader viewpoint of the systems in the medical community, local community, and environment. These views will be reflected in the policies (including cross-ministerial flow) of academic associations such as the Japan Geriatrics Society; the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; the Cabinet Office; and various professional organizations. Healthcare systems that respond promptly to other emerging infectious diseases, disasters, and contingencies should be reconstructed As an issue that can commonly arise during the COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging infectious diseases, disasters, and other contingencies, a healthcare system designed for the older population, the most vulnerable segment of the population, must be developed. EOL care and ACP that is fully respected even in a contingency should be accelerated ACP should be implemented from an early stage, so that all parties involved can share values, intentions, and life goals with family members and healthcare personnel such that they are reflected in EOL care. This will enable older individuals to live as they desire until EOL. Use of information and communication technology and new technologies should be promoted to actively build new regional communication Disparities in the digital field (digital divide) must be eliminated to create an environment that enables everyone to benefit from digitalization. Furthermore, new regional communication systems, wherein the perspective of mobility support is key, must be created to prevent social isolation. The secondary health outcomes caused by the COVID-19 disaster among older individuals should be prevented through a multifaceted approach Utmost attention must be paid to preventing the occurrence of secondary health outcomes through a multifaceted approach that includes raising awareness regarding health maintenance and providing appropriate information related to health maintenance. Research in the field of public health must be promoted to strengthen human resource development in this area, with a focus on analyzing information on health, medical care, and long-term care from ordinary times Continuous support must be provided even before the occurrence of emergencies to facilitate basic research that will lead to clinical applications. Researchers at universities and research organizations, in particular, must strive to promote these activities. In addition, the government (local and national governments that have data and the national government that supports research and human resource development) must also commit to playing an important role in such research activities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 481-490.}, }
@article {pmid40358108, year = {2025}, author = {Ratliff, HC and Lee, KA and Buchbinder, M and Kelly, LA and Yakusheva, O and Costa, DK}, title = {Organizational Resilience in Healthcare: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of healthcare management / American College of Healthcare Executives}, volume = {70}, number = {3}, pages = {165-188}, pmid = {40358108}, issn = {1096-9012}, mesh = {Humans ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; *Resilience, Psychological ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Organizational Culture ; }, abstract = {GOAL: Healthcare organizations have always faced challenges, yet the past decade has been particularly difficult due to workforce shortages, the COVID-19 pandemic, and economic demands, all of which can impact quality of care. While some healthcare organizations have demonstrated the ability to adapt to such stressors-which has been termed "organizational resilience"-others have not. Most of the research on resilience in healthcare has been on individual clinicians; less is known about how extra-individual groups such as teams, units, and systems develop resilience. Understanding what organizational resilience is, how to measure it, and how healthcare organizations can develop it is essential to responding effectively to future acute and chronic stressors in the healthcare industry. The purpose of this scoping review is to synthesize how organizational resilience is defined and measured in the current healthcare literature and to inform future interventions to improve organizational resilience.<br><br>METHODS: We searched PubMed and Scopus databases for articles mentioning organizational resilience in healthcare. Eligible sources were those published in English through December 2023 in any format, and that described or measured organizational resilience in healthcare. Titles and abstracts were screened, and information was extracted from eligible articles.<br><br>PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We screened 243 articles and included 97 in our review. Across these studies, organizational resilience was described as a healthcare system's ability to continue functioning and meet its objectives when exposed to stressful stimuli. Reactive and proactive strategies, as well as reflection, were identified as key components of organizational resilience. Four measures of organizational resilience were developed for use in healthcare, but only two have been validated.<br><br>PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Future studies should focus on validating and comparing existing measures of organizational resilience and using them to investigate how organizational resilience may impact quality of care and clinician well-being, allowing the field to move beyond the focus on individual clinician resilience.}, }
@article {pmid40357526, year = {2025}, author = {Fahrbach, K and Cichewicz, A and Chu, H and Di Fusco, M and Burnett, H and Volkman, HR and Akin-Fajiye, M and Mendoza, CF and Cappelleri, JC}, title = {Comparative effectiveness of omicron XBB 1.5-adapted COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis.}, journal = {Expert review of vaccines}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1080/14760584.2025.2505754}, pmid = {40357526}, issn = {1744-8395}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Comparative effectiveness data of COVID-19 vaccines remain limited. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) feasibility assessment of effectiveness studies of Omicron-adapted COVID-19 vaccines.<br><br>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Searches in MEDLINE and Embase up to February 2025 identified studies comparing the effectiveness of Omicron-adapted COVID-19 vaccines, either directly or against no recent vaccine. Two investigators independently selected articles reporting adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE). A feasibility assessment determined the appropriateness of a common comparator and evaluated effect modifiers (EMs). Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were performed by one investigator and validated by a second investigator. Bayesian NMAs using random-effects models were performed for base-case analyses, data permitting.<br><br>RESULTS: The review identified 25 studies for Omicron-adapted COVID-19 vaccines: 16 for XBB formulations, eight of which were included in NMAs, all for mRNA formulations, representing 29.9 million participants. BNT162b2 had the largest evidence base. Comparisons between XBB.1.5-adapted BNT162b2 (Comirnaty) and mRNA-1273 (Spikevax) found that both vaccines are effective and comparable against XBB-related hospitalizations, infections, and medically attended visits in adults Among elderly, the estimated effectiveness against XBB-related hospitalizations favored BNT162b2.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this NMA of observational studies support the effectiveness of XBB.1.5-adapted mRNA vaccines. Limitations included assumptions on EMs and sparse evidence networks.}, }
@article {pmid40357242, year = {2025}, author = {Gontse, KS and Kovane, GP and Mokgaola, IO and Moloko-Phiri, SS}, title = {Experiences of nurse educators regarding teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Health SA = SA Gesondheid}, volume = {30}, number = {}, pages = {2882}, doi = {10.4102/hsag.v30i0.2882}, pmid = {40357242}, issn = {2071-9736}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The abrupt start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted educational systems globally, including nursing education institutions (NEIs). Teaching and learning in academic institutions were disturbed because of strict legislation measures, like lockdowns, that were implemented to curb the spread of COVID-19. These measures affected the quality of teaching and academic attainment.<br><br>AIM: This study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of nurse educators regarding teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic at a NEI in the North West province (NWP). The study was conducted at a selected NEI, which comprises two campuses that are 178.1 km apart.<br><br>METHOD: A qualitative descriptive phenomenology approach was used. The nurse educators were purposively sampled, and 25 nurse educators participated in this study. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) were held to collect data through face-to-face semi-structured interviews. The data analysis followed Colaizzi's seven-stage process.<br><br>RESULTS: Three themes emerged from data analysis: positive experiences and negative experiences regarding teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, and strategies for overcoming the challenges experienced by nurse educators during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The study findings revealed that nurse educators experienced positive and negative challenges regarding teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, there is a need for NEIs to employ teaching and learning innovations, including the use of technology, to be able to divert to online teaching and learning during future pandemics where face-to-face teaching is halted.<br><br>CONTRIBUTION: The study findings may provide valuable insights for policymakers in higher education institutions (HEIs) to develop policies that incorporate innovative teaching methods. These methods will be relevant for future pandemics that may disrupt traditional face-to-face teaching and learning. As an enhancement of existing teaching practices, innovative approaches have proven to be effective and contribute to more inclusive education. By adopting these methods, HEIs can better support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 4, which aims to ensure quality and equitable education for all.}, }
@article {pmid40357185, year = {2025}, author = {Arikpo, DI and Oku, AO and Onyema, OA and Odey, EO and Hamilton-Hurwitz, H and Toledo, JP and Dunn, K and Baller, A and Smith, HJ and Meremikwu, MM}, title = {Health and care workers' perceptions of PPE and physical distancing for COVID-19: A qualitative evidence synthesis.}, journal = {Journal of public health in Africa}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {621}, doi = {10.4102/jphia.v16i2.621}, pmid = {40357185}, issn = {2038-9922}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite the effectiveness of personal protective equipment (PPE) and physical distancing interventions for COVID-19 infection prevention and control (IPC), low uptake among health and care workers persists.<br><br>AIM: To synthesise evidence from primary qualitative research exploring the perceptions and experiences of health and care workers on the use of PPE and physical distancing in the context of COVID-19.<br><br>SETTING: Healthcare settings including care homes.<br><br>METHOD: An electronic database search was conducted using search terms based on the inclusion criteria, and the search strategy was peer-reviewed by a team of information scientists. Thirty qualitative studies were sampled after eligibility screening independently by two review authors. Synthesis was performed using the thematic synthesis approach. The confidence in each review finding was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations; Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) approach.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifteen analytical themes were identified. Health and care workers valued the use of PPE in patient care. The sense of value was heightened by perceived susceptibility to infection with COVID-19, the need to deliver optimal patient care and the desire to protect family members. Service delivery, clinical workflows, the absence of visual cues for spatial separation and physical infrastructure hindered adherence to physical distancing guidelines.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The gap between IPC guidelines and their implementation is an important health system barrier to PPE use and physical distancing in healthcare settings.<br><br>CONTRIBUTION: This review provides useful insights on key considerations for planning and implementing IPC in healthcare settings.}, }
@article {pmid40357184, year = {2025}, author = {Arikpo, DI and Onyema, OA and Oku, AO and Meremikwu, C and Hamilton-Hurwitz, H and Toledo, JP and Dunn, K and Baller, A and Smith, HJ and Meremikwu, MM}, title = {Factors influencing mask use and physical distancing for COVID-19: A qualitative evidence synthesis.}, journal = {Journal of public health in Africa}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {614}, doi = {10.4102/jphia.v16i2.614}, pmid = {40357184}, issn = {2038-9922}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a bundle of precautions to reduce community transmission of COVID-19, including mask use and physical distancing. However, there is evidence that suggests poor adherence to these health measures community settings.<br><br>AIM: To summarise qualitative research evidence on the perceptions and factors influencing masks use and physical distancing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>SETTING: We included studies conducted in community settings.<br><br>METHOD: An electronic database search was conducted using search terms derived from the inclusion criteria and combined in a peer-reviewed search strategy. Thirty studies were sampled. Qualitative data analysis was performed using the thematic synthesis approach. The confidence in each review finding was ascertained using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations - Confidence in the evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) approach.<br><br>RESULTS: Ten analytical themes of low to high confidence were identified. Values, belief systems and cultural norms shaped the perception and uptake of mask use and physical distancing. Key barriers included the cost of masks, limited infrastructure for spatial separation and inconsistent political or government messaging, while visual cues and social responsibility facilitated adherence.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Personal values and preferences influenced individuals' adherence to these public health measures. Political or government messaging is important to aid understanding and adherence.<br><br>CONTRIBUTION: Insights provided by this synthesis can support future emergency preparedness and response to outbreaks of acute respiratory infections by providing policy makers with information needed to make contextually relevant recommendations to enhance adherence.}, }
@article {pmid40357183, year = {2025}, author = {Nwachuku, NS and Arikpo, DI and Agbor, UJ and Onyenemerem, PN and Ochodo, EA and Smith, H and Meremikwu, M}, title = {Factors influencing uptake of diagnostic test interventions for SARS-CoV-2: A qualitative review.}, journal = {Journal of public health in Africa}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {619}, doi = {10.4102/jphia.v16i2.619}, pmid = {40357183}, issn = {2038-9922}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diagnostic tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be performed based on symptomatic presentation or for screening of asymptomatic persons. Testing can limit spread by enabling rapid identification of cases leading to containment measures. However, views regarding diagnostic test as a containment intervention vary across different settings.<br><br>AIM: To synthesise the findings of qualitative studies on the perceptions and factors influencing the uptake of diagnostic test interventions for SARS-CoV-2.<br><br>SETTING: Healthcare facilities, care homes, communities including households.<br><br>METHOD: We searched MEDLINE database and the (WHO) SARS-CoV-2 Research database from 01 January 2020 to 06 September 2022. Qualitative data were synthesised thematically while data for barriers and facilitators were synthesised using the SURE framework. The GRADE-CERQual approach was used to assess the confidence in each review finding, while the ENTREQ checklist was used to report the QES. The quality of included studies was assessed with the CASP tool.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty two studies were included for QES. Two were conducted in the health facility setting, 2 in care homes, and 18 in the community. Twenty of the studies came from high-income countries, 2 from low- and middle-income countries. In all, 13 analytical and 31 descriptive themes of low to moderate quality evidence emerged; mainly around fear of contracting COVID-19, test procedure and socio-economic implications of a positive test result.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Low to moderate quality evidence of barriers to uptake of diagnostic test were largely due to misconceptions about the interventions.<br><br>CONTRIBUTION: Sensitising and engaging communities and stakeholders in the healthcare system, will help mitigate the fear barrier and enhance policy coordination.}, }
@article {pmid40356629, year = {2025}, author = {Liu, W and Zhao, Y and Rao, Y and Wu, Z and Peng, Y and Gong, L}, title = {Frontiers and hotspot evolution in research on Alzheimer's disease and hypertension: a bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2023.}, journal = {Frontiers in neurology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1514054}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2025.1514054}, pmid = {40356629}, issn = {1664-2295}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that imposes a heavy burden on patients and their families. Hypertension is an important risk factor for AD, but the specific mechanism of its impact is still unclear. This study thus aimed to analyze the relationship and trend changes between AD and hypertension through bibliometric methods.<br><br>METHODS: Literature on AD and hypertension was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database between 2004 and 2023. Data regarding countries, institutions, authors and journals were sourced from WoSCC. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used for data visualization, including author collaboration, timelines view of references, reference bursts and overlay visualization maps of keywords. Excel 2018 software was used for the statistical analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 1,833 publications were ultimately included. From 2004 to 2023, the number of publications per year basically showed an increasing trend. The United States (United States) not only had the largest output of publications and the highest H-index but also had the seven highest frequencies of publication institutions. Kehoe, Patrick ranked first with the most articles among 9,330 authors. The journal with the most published articles was the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. Reference analysis revealed a hotspot in the exploration of the pathophysiological association between AD and hypertension. Second, the treatment effects and potential risks of antihypertensive drugs (AHDs) on AD are also the focus of research. Researchers have carried out a series of studies ranging from basic research to clinical research on AHDs for the treatment of AD. Finally, personalized treatment strategies will also become one of the hotspots of future research. Controlling hypertension through lifestyle changes and medication interventions in AD patients is a promising strategy. The analysis of keywords revealed that "amyloid deposition," "preeclampsia," "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)" and "biomarkers" have been research hotspots in recent years.<br><br>CONCLUSION: By analyzing the references and keywords, we summarized the hot topics and research trends in this field. These findings provide useful information for researchers to explore the relationship between hypertension and AD further, with the hope of providing more effective treatments for AD patients to delay disease progression and improve quality of life.}, }
@article {pmid40355732, year = {2025}, author = {Dumke, R}, title = {[Infections with the human pathogenic Mycoplasma species M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae : Current epidemiological aspects].}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40355732}, issn = {1437-1588}, abstract = {Two human pathogenic mycoplasma species, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and M. genitalium currently pose challenges for the clinical practice.M. pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired respiratory infections, which can lead to asymptomatic courses as well as severe atypical pneumonia. Extrapulmonary manifestations also occur. Since December 2023, a strong increase of reported cases has been registered in the federal state of Saxony, where reporting is mandatory. These numbers far exceed those from the previous ten years and are assumed to generally translate to the other federal states. The reason for this development is likely the reduced contact with the pathogen during the COVID-19 pandemic combined with a waning immunity in the population. Although there are no reliable data on an increase in the rate of severe cases, diagnostics and treatment must be adapted. The resistance rate to macrolides (which are primarily used in Germany) remains favorable at approximately 3%.M. genitalium is a sexually transmitted bacterium and is only causally relevant in a portion of male urethritis cases. While its epidemiological significance is limited, resistance to the guideline-recommended antibiotics azithromycin and moxifloxacin is increasing, reaching 69% and 25%, respectively, in samples tested in the German consulting laboratory in recent years. Even higher rates are to be expected in high-risk groups (e.g., men who have sex with men), where M. genitalium is relatively frequent. Under these conditions, therapy can only be successful with a resistance-guided treatment concept.This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on both pathogens.}, }
@article {pmid40355215, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, J and Ji, X and Yang, C and Xu, J}, title = {Susceptibility from the immunological perspective of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: A literature review.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {104}, number = {19}, pages = {e42363}, doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000042363}, pmid = {40355215}, issn = {1536-5964}, support = {20200404171YY//Jilin Science and Technology Development Program/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications ; Disease Susceptibility/immunology ; *Pulmonary Aspergillosis/immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis/immunology ; Adaptive Immunity ; }, abstract = {The incidence rate of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is rising. However, the pathogenesis of CAPA remains unclear. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection disrupts pathways related to type I interferon and Toll-like receptors, key components in innate immunity, thereby elevating the incidence of CAPA. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 infection results in T and B cell functional deficiencies or exhaustion within adaptive immunity, weakening the defense against invasive Aspergillus. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection enhances the replication of cytomegalovirus and alters the gut microbiota, factors that may aid in diagnosing CAPA. Immunosuppressive therapy in COVID-19 patients is also believed to heighten the risk of invasive aspergillosis. Therefore, this review, examines the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection combined with invasive aspergillosis, and explores the pathogenesis and susceptibility factors of CAPA. We propose that variations in an individual's immune response significantly determine susceptibility to CAPA. The aim of this paper is to deepen clinical understanding of CAPA's pathogenesis, thereby aiding in mitigating susceptibility risk and advancing novel treatment approaches.}, }
@article {pmid40354666, year = {2025}, author = {Jacobs, JW and Booth, GS and Lewis-Newby, M and Saifee, NH and Ferguson, E and Cohn, CS and Delaney, M and Morley, S and Thomas, S and Thorpe, R and Raza, S and Weaver, MS and Woo, JS and Sharma, D and So-Osman, C and Yurtsever, N and Tormey, CA and Waters, A and Goldman, M and Yan, MTS and Fasano, RM and Stephens, LD and Allen, ES and Erikstrup, C and Infanti, L and Schlafer, TD and Warner, MA and Winters, JL and Tobian, AAR and Bloch, EM}, title = {Medical, Societal, and Ethical Considerations for Directed Blood Donation in 2025.}, journal = {Annals of internal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.7326/ANNALS-25-00815}, pmid = {40354666}, issn = {1539-3704}, abstract = {In the United States and other high-income countries, blood donation primarily relies on anonymous, voluntary donors. However, directed blood donation-where people donate for a specific recipient-has resurged, particularly due to misinformation surrounding COVID-19 vaccination. Requests for "nonvaccinated" blood, driven by misconceptions about vaccine safety, have led to legislative attempts to mandate compliance. Historically, directed donation was used to mitigate the risk for transfusion-related infections before modern screening techniques rendered it largely unnecessary. Today, it presents important patient safety risks, including increased infectious disease transmission, immunologic complications, and logistic burdens. Directed donations also introduce inefficiencies, diverting resources from the community blood supply and exacerbating shortages. Moreover, directed donation for nonmedical indications lacks scientific justification. Blood safety is ensured through rigorous donor screening, pathogen testing, and processing measures. There is no evidence that blood from vaccinated donors poses risk. Requests for nonvaccinated blood, as well as other directed donation preferences based on personal beliefs, introduce biases that are not grounded in medical necessity. Accommodating such requests undermines public trust in blood safety protocols and legitimizes unfounded fears. Ethical concerns arise as non-medically justified requests reinforce discriminatory practices, such as selecting donors based on race or gender. Allowing such preferences risks politicizing blood donation, spreading misinformation, and straining health care systems. Although autonomy is a core ethical principle in medicine, it does not justify non-evidence-based interventions. Given the potential harm and societal impact, directed blood donations should be limited to rare, medically necessary cases. Ongoing legislative efforts to mandate these requests require unified opposition from the medical and scientific community to uphold ethical, evidence-based, blood allocation practices.}, }
@article {pmid40076865, year = {2025}, author = {Lu, J and Tang, Y and Li, H and Chen, X and Qin, P and Xu, J and Li, W and Chen, L}, title = {Identifying Exifone as a Dual-Target Agent Targeting Both SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease and the ACE2/S-RBD Interaction Among Clinical Polyphenolic Compounds.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40076865}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {2023YFC3503400//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; ZD2021CY001//Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project/ ; E2G805H//SIMM-SHUTCM Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Joint Research Pro-gram/ ; 82141203//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Polyphenols/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Coronavirus 3C Proteases/metabolism/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/chemistry ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism/chemistry ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Protein Binding ; }, abstract = {The ongoing emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has led to resistance against multiple coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and therapeutic medications, making the development of effective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 a high priority. Studies have shown that bioactive polyphenols, particularly those with triphenol groups, can effectively inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL[pro]). However, the structural instability of polyphenols necessitates further research. To address this, we conducted a literature review to identify triphenol compounds that are either approved or currently undergoing clinical trials, assessing their potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CL[pro]. Exifone and benserazide hydrochloride were identified as the inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL[pro] among these compounds, using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay. Benserazide hydrochloride was confirmed as a covalent binder to SARS-CoV-2 3CL[pro] through time-dependent inhibition and kinetic analysis, with its binding mode elucidated by molecular docking. Notably, exifone not only inhibited the protease activity but also blocked the interaction between the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (S-RBD), as identified by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and flow cytometry. Additionally, exifone demonstrated antiviral activity against various SARS-CoV-2-S pseudovirus variants. In conclusion, the discovery of exifone and benserazide hydrochloride underscores the potential of polyphenols in developing conserved 3CL[pro] inhibitors for coronaviruses, offering new strategies for the rapid development of effective drugs against both current and future coronavirus pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid40354157, year = {2025}, author = {Gujral, K and Illarmo, S and Jacobs, JC and Wagner, TH}, title = {The Economics of Telehealth: An Overview.}, journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1089/tmj.2025.0073}, pmid = {40354157}, issn = {1556-3669}, abstract = {Background: Telehealth has long offered promise for improving health care access, but due to restrictive regulations and technology limitations, historic use has been low. Despite telehealth's unprecedented expansion during the COVID-19 pandemic, economic questions remain, raising uncertainty about telehealth's future. Methods: We used an economics lens to conduct a narrative review of the vast medical literature and nascent economic literature on telehealth. We reviewed evidence on demand-side and supply-side forces influencing telehealth adoption and evidence on telehealth's impact on health care use, costs, effectiveness, and equity. Results: Current evidence is sparsely distributed across care types, telehealth modalities (e.g., phone, video, secure messaging), models of telehealth delivery, and pre- and post-pandemic periods. While the literature provides some signals that patients and clinicians are responsive to monetary costs of telehealth, more robust studies are needed, including studies on patient and provider time costs. Telehealth adoption appears to modestly increase outpatient care use, but evidence of its impact on costlier emergency or inpatient care use is needed. There is a lack of studies on monetary costs of telehealth, particularly the impact of telehealth on production costs. Importantly, there is a lack of high-quality studies on the comparative effectiveness of modalities. While there is a growing literature on disparities, studies that address confounders are needed to assess if telehealth can deliver on its promise to improve access for underserved populations. Conclusion: Our review paves the way for a stronger economics literature on telehealth, highlighting areas of future research.}, }
@article {pmid40074946, year = {2025}, author = {Ecarnot, F and Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan, J and Barbagallo, M and Barratt, J and Biering-Sørensen, T and Botelho-Nevers, E and Del Riccio, M and Goeijenbier, M and Gravenstein, S and Lourenço, L and Michel, JP and Pedicino, D and Sieber, C and Torres, A and Veronese, N and Volpe, M and Weinke, T and Maggi, S}, title = {Infectious diseases, cardio-cerebrovascular health and vaccines: pathways to prevention.}, journal = {Aging clinical and experimental research}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {80}, pmid = {40074946}, issn = {1720-8319}, mesh = {Humans ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention &amp; control ; *Cerebrovascular Disorders/prevention &amp; control ; *Vaccines ; *Communicable Diseases ; Female ; Aged ; Male ; Vaccination ; }, abstract = {Cardiovascular and infectious diseases both feature among the leading causes of death among men and women in the world. The pathophysiological pathways of infection and cardiovascular disease intersect, and there is a bidirectional relationship between the two. Vaccines are available for the most common infectious diseases affecting older adults, such as influenza, pertussis, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, COVID and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In many countries, these vaccines are recommended systematically for older adults and any adults with comorbidities, who are also those most likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease. There is a large body of evidence attesting to the benefits of vaccination on cardio- and cerebrovascular health. The European Interdisciplinary Council for Aging (EICA) and the Italian Society for Cardiovascular Prevention (Società Italiana per la Prevenzione Cardiovascolare, SIPREC) convened a 2-day meeting in June 2024 to review the state of the evidence on the relationship between cardio- and cerebrovascular health and the most common infectious diseases, and the role of vaccines in preventing both infection and its adverse consequences in terms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. We present here the Executive Summary of the proceedings of this meeting.}, }
@article {pmid40352986, year = {2025}, author = {Park, GL and Hegazy, SA and Sepe, J and Swigart, J and Burnette, M and Beltran, J and Hernandez, C}, title = {Fostering Competencies: A Scoping Review of Escape Rooms in Medical Education.}, journal = {Medical science educator}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {1111-1121}, doi = {10.1007/s40670-024-02270-y}, pmid = {40352986}, issn = {2156-8650}, abstract = {Escape rooms are used in medical education to encourage teaming and communication skills, but their effectiveness beyond learner satisfaction remains unexplored. This review evaluated their educational value, focusing on alignment with ACGME core competencies. Following the PRISMA framework, a scoping review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and ERIC through mid-September 2023, excluding commentaries, editorials, and letters. The review included 35 studies, mostly single-institution studies, with various methodologies. Most aligned with competencies in interpersonal and communication skills and systems-based practice, with increased virtual formats during COVID-19 pandemic. High learner satisfaction was noted. Escape rooms effectively foster teamwork and communication in medical education. Further research is needed on knowledge retention and application.}, }
@article {pmid40352672, year = {2025}, author = {Singh, R and Bansal, R}, title = {Revisiting the role of steroidal therapeutics in the 21st century: an update on FDA approved steroidal drugs (2000-2024).}, journal = {RSC medicinal chemistry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1039/d5md00027k}, pmid = {40352672}, issn = {2632-8682}, abstract = {Steroids are biologically active polycyclic compounds that have garnered significant scientific attention due to their distinct physiochemical properties and diverse medical applications. Since their invention more than 90 years ago, steroids have remained the most important and necessary class of regulatory molecules in the evolution process of living creatures and have fascinated scientists due to their broad-spectrum biological activities. Over time, scientific innovations and expanded understanding of mechanisms related to diversified biological activities of steroids have made them cheaper, efficient and more specific therapeutic agents which could be effective in the prevention and cure of numerous diseases like cancer, inflammation, asthma, microbial infection, and many more. However, steroidal drugs remain a double-edged sword having significant therapeutic benefits but with incidence of several adverse effects if used for a longer duration and/or with incorrect dose. Nevertheless, novel treatment approaches such as nanoparticles or liposomal drug delivery, real-time monitoring and the use of artificial intelligence in steroidal therapy outweigh their risk factors and provide an effective and safe treatment with minimum adverse effects. Furthermore, the repurposing of steroids in different diseases, e.g. successful use of dexamethasone or hydrocortisone during COVID-19 pandemic has renewed the interest in steroidal therapeutics. The present review provides an update on FDA approved steroidal drugs during the years 2000-2024, the status of their clinical studies, the challenges offered by steroidal therapy and the future perspectives to counterbalance all these challenges. Moreover, this review also delivers useful data on the repurposing of steroidal drugs against various diseases along with the novel techniques used for improved steroid delivery.}, }
@article {pmid40352244, year = {2025}, author = {Shah, HP and Naqvi, AS and Rajput, P and Ambra, H and Venkatesh, H and Saleem, J and Saravanan, S and Wanjari, M and Mittal, G}, title = {Artificial intelligence-based deep learning algorithms for ground-glass opacity nodule detection: A review.}, journal = {Narra J}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {e1361}, doi = {10.52225/narra.v5i1.1361}, pmid = {40352244}, issn = {2807-2618}, mesh = {Humans ; *Deep Learning ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Algorithms ; *Artificial Intelligence ; COVID-19/diagnostic imaging ; *Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; }, abstract = {Ground-glass opacities (GGOs) are hazy opacities on chest computed tomography (CT) scans that can indicate various lung diseases, including early COVID-19, pneumonia, and lung cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising tool for analyzing medical images, such as chest CT scans. The aim of this study was to evaluate AI models' performance in detecting GGO nodules using metrics like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, area under the curve (AUC) and precision. We designed a search strategy to include reports focusing on deep learning algorithms applied to high-resolution CT scans. The search was performed on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect to identify studies published between 2016 and 2024. Quality appraisal of included studies was conducted using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool, assessing the risk of bias and applicability concerns across four domains. Two reviewers independently screened studies reporting the diagnostic ability of AI-assisted CT scans in early GGO detection, where the review results were synthesized qualitatively. Out of 5,247 initially identified records, we found 18 studies matching the inclusion criteria of this study. Among evaluated models, DenseNet achieved the highest accuracy of 99.48%, though its sensitivity and specificity were not reported. WOANet showed an accuracy of 98.78%, with a sensitivity of 98.37% and high specificity of 99.19%, excelling particularly in specificity without compromising sensitivity. In conclusion, AI models can potentially detect GGO on chest CT scans. Future research should focus on developing hybrid models that integrate various AI approaches to improve clinical applicability.}, }
@article {pmid40352079, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, J and Zhang, X and Deng, H and Tan, Y}, title = {The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on Self-Harm: A Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Alpha psychiatry}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, pages = {39868}, doi = {10.31083/AP39868}, pmid = {40352079}, issn = {2757-8038}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a range of mental health problems, particularly self-harm. Lockdowns are the usual methods of responding to these public health emergencies. However, the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on self-harm remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of self-harm. The findings may inform future policy development and strategies for managing pandemic-related mental health challenges.<br><br>METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted using several database searches: APA PsycINFO, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wan Fang. Published studies with data on the incidence of self-harm during visits to medical institutions, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, were included. The pooled risk ratio (RR) value of self-harm incidence variation before and during the COVID-19 lockdown period, expressed as the comparison of clinical institution visits before and during the pandemic, was calculated.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifteen retrospective cohort studies with observational designs involving 253,600 participants were included. The pooled RR value of self-harm incidence variation was 1.386 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.205-1.595, I[2] = 58.9%, p = 0.002). The subgroup analysis showed that "emergency department type" (p = 0.004) and "mean age of the sample" were the sources of the RR values' heterogeneity (p = 0.026).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic was a risk factor for self-harm. Therefore, special attention should be paid to individuals visiting the emergency department and the middle-aged and elderly populations.<br><br>THE PROSPERO REGISTRATION: This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023373026), https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42023373026.}, }
@article {pmid40352018, year = {2025}, author = {Ahmed, AE and Alsunusi, OA and Alamer, HA and Shubayli, EA and Alqahtani, HA and Juraybi, RK and Aboud, AM and Alshihri, MS and Almaghrabi, AH and Aljohani, WF and Almudawi, AM}, title = {Effectiveness of Telemedicine Interventions for Infection Prevention and Control: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e82075}, doi = {10.7759/cureus.82075}, pmid = {40352018}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Infection prevention and control is a critical aspect of healthcare delivery, especially during the ongoing challenges posed by the coronavirus pandemic. Telemedicine has emerged as a valuable strategy for reducing the risk of infection transmission while maintaining the continuity of care. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness, benefits, and challenges of telemedicine interventions aimed at improving infection prevention and control across various healthcare settings. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines using databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Virtual Health Library, covering studies published up to November 2024. Studies eligible for inclusion comprised randomized trials, observational studies, and mixed-methods research assessing telemedicine applications for infection control. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using established tools for qualitative and quantitative research appraisal. Five studies met the inclusion criteria and highlighted several positive outcomes. Telemedicine interventions such as mobile applications, remote video assessments of infection control practices, and virtual infection control consultations were associated with reduced infection rates, improved compliance with preventive protocols, and timely identification of procedural gaps. In inpatient settings, telemedicine also helped conserve protective equipment and reduce staff exposure. High patient satisfaction and maintained quality of care were commonly reported. However, several challenges were identified, including technical barriers, increased workload for healthcare workers, and concerns regarding data security. These findings suggest that telemedicine is a promising and adaptable solution for enhancing infection prevention efforts, but successful implementation depends on addressing operational barriers, ensuring adequate training, and strengthening infrastructure. Further rigorous research is needed to evaluate the long-term impact and cost-effectiveness of telemedicine in infection control.}, }
@article {pmid40351947, year = {2025}, author = {Nitz, JN and Ruprecht, KK and Henjum, LJ and Matta, AY and Shiferaw, BT and Weber, ZL and Jones, JM and May, R and Baio, CJ and Fiala, KJ and Abd-Elsayed, AA}, title = {Cardiovascular Sequelae of the COVID-19 Vaccines.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e82041}, doi = {10.7759/cureus.82041}, pmid = {40351947}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Vaccines against COVID-19 present a key tool in lowering the morbidity, mortality, and transmission of the disease, but they also present a strongly controversial topic. As a result, the adverse effects of the vaccine have been under scrutiny by the public eye. A comprehensive summary of the cardiovascular (CV) adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines is vital for clinical recognition of rare adverse events, determining the public health implications, and creating a base for future research. In May 2023, a search was conducted in the PubMed and Cochrane databases to identify literature on CV complications resulting from the COVID-19 vaccine. All articles with relevant data and discussion regarding adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccines were included in the review. In total, 4419 articles were screened, and 166 articles were included in the review. The vaccine-associated CV adverse events encompassed the following conditions: myocarditis, pericarditis, acute coronary syndrome, stress cardiomyopathy, hypertension, isolated tachycardia, myocardial infarction (MI) with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), cardiac arrest, vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), MI, cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and other venous thrombotic disorders. Among these, myocarditis and thrombosis, especially VITT, emerged as the most frequently cited complications in the reviewed literature. Ranges of incidences for the following were recorded among the reviewed articles: myocarditis: 2 to 17 per million, VITT: 3-10 per million, CVST: 2.6-10 per million, MI: 3-4 per million. COVID-19 vaccines entail the potential for adverse events, although at low incidence, some of which exhibit notable severity. These adverse events exhibit demographic specificity and vaccine-specific profiles. The adverse events reviewed are uniformly acute in nature. The existing body of evidence offers limited support for the assertion that COVID-19 vaccines may elevate the baseline risk of CV events in the long term. However, the available research on effects greater than six months is scarce.}, }
@article {pmid40351791, year = {2025}, author = {Stein, MJ and Rohrich, R}, title = {Artificial Intelligence and Postoperative Monitoring in Plastic Surgery.}, journal = {Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.)}, volume = {33}, number = {2}, pages = {312-317}, pmid = {40351791}, issn = {2292-5503}, abstract = {Technological innovation has fueled an evolving landscape in plastic surgery. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated tremendous potential in enhancing our diagnostic ability, automating data acquisition for research purposes, and supplementing our intraoperative decision-making. Over the last two decades, advancements in AI enhanced pre- and intraoperative management of plastic surgery patients. However, the demand to keep plastic surgery patients out of hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic has recently inspired important AI innovations in postoperative care, such as telemedicine and remote patient monitoring. As we transition into the post-COVID era of medicine, these novel technologies will be critical in enhancing patient safety and satisfaction, while reducing rising healthcare costs. Herein, we review the basic principles of AI in plastic surgery and illustrate its significance in remote postoperative monitoring.}, }
@article {pmid40351412, year = {2025}, author = {Li, J and Zhu, B and Lu, J and Dong, Z and Li, P and Li, W and Zheng, C and Chang, J and Shang, S}, title = {Advances in the effectiveness and safety of azvudine treatment: a comprehensive review.}, journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1524072}, pmid = {40351412}, issn = {1663-9812}, abstract = {The global impact of COVID-19 has highlighted the urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2. Azvudine, a dual-target nucleoside drug initially developed for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has gained attention for its potential in treating COVID-19. On 25 July 2022, Azvudine received conditional approval from the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China, making it the first oral SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor for COVID-19 treatment. This review explores the pharmacological activity, antiviral mechanisms, and clinical effectiveness of azvudine in the context of COVID-19. Clinical trials have demonstrated its ability to reduce the viral load, shorten the time to nucleic acid negativity, and improve clinical outcomes in patients. Additionally, azvudine has shown excellent pharmacokinetic properties and a favorable safety profile with mild side effects. The review also addresses the importance of drug interactions and safety considerations, particularly in high-risk populations. Research should focus on optimizing second-generation inhibitors with enhanced effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants, improving oral bioavailability, and minimizing adverse effects, ensuring more robust treatment options for COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40350816, year = {2025}, author = {Sun, FY and Jing, ZW and Ge, JW and Mei, ZG}, title = {[Exploration of biological essence of blood heat syndrome and mechanism of blood-cooling traditional Chinese medicine from combination of disease and syndrome].}, journal = {Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica}, volume = {50}, number = {4}, pages = {985-993}, doi = {10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20241108.502}, pmid = {40350816}, issn = {1001-5302}, mesh = {Humans ; *Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods ; *Hyperthermia/therapy/diagnosis ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Syndrome ; }, abstract = {Blood heat syndrome, one of the main subtypes of blood syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), is mainly diagnosed by bleeding and heat manifestations and treated by the blood-cooling method. The biological essence of blood heat syndrome has not been elucidated yet, and there is a lack of systematic research on the potential mechanisms underlying the blood-cooling method. The biological essence of blood heat syndrome is closely related to abnormal immune response, oxidative stress, coagulation dysfunction, endocrine disorders, abnormalities in energy metabolism and so on. Blood heat syndrome is common in autoimmune skin diseases(such as systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and purpura), central hyperthermia, infectious diseases(such as infectious mononucleosis and COVID-19), and hemorrhagic diseases in gynecology. As the primary clinical therapy for blood heat syndrome, blood-cooling TCM is usually combined with the TCM with effects of activating blood and resolving stasis, nourishing Yin,and extinguishing wind to play the role of cooling blood. The mechanisms of above therapies may be attributed to reducing inflammation, inhibiting oxidative stress, restoring the balance of blood coagulation and metabolism, regulating the secretion of sex hormones, and alleviating allergic reactions. This article systematically explores the biological essence of blood heat syndrome and elucidates the targets and underlying mechanism of the blood-cooling method, laying a scientific foundation for the clinical application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with blood heat syndrome.}, }
@article {pmid40350728, year = {2025}, author = {Nemkova, SA}, title = {[Modern approaches to diagnosis and treatment of postinfectious asthenic syndrome in children].}, journal = {Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova}, volume = {125}, number = {4}, pages = {42-52}, doi = {10.17116/jnevro202512504142}, pmid = {40350728}, issn = {1997-7298}, mesh = {Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; *Asthenia/diagnosis/etiology/drug therapy/therapy ; *Picolines/therapeutic use ; Influenza, Human/complications ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/complications ; Syndrome ; COVID-19/complications ; }, abstract = {The article is devoted to an urgent problem - the diagnosis and treatment of Postinfectious asthenic syndrome in children and adolescents. The issues of etiology and pathogenesis, classification and clinical manifestations of postinfectious asthenia in children are considered in detail. Special attention is paid to the asthenic syndrome after acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, neuroinfections, and coronavirus infection. The high efficacy of the drug Mexidol in the prevention and comprehensive correction of postinfectious asthenic disorders, as well as concomitant autonomic, cognitive and emotional disorders in children and adolescents has been shown.}, }
@article {pmid40350570, year = {2025}, author = {Loh, CTI and Lee, ZY and Yunos, NM and Atan, R and Heyland, DK and Stoppe, C and Hasan, MS}, title = {Association of muscularity status with clinical and physical function outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/jpen.2767}, pmid = {40350570}, issn = {1941-2444}, abstract = {Pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critical care research underscored the importance of muscularity on patient outcomes. This study investigates the association between skeletal muscle mass and quality with clinical and physical function outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID-19. We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL from database inception to April 24, 2024, for studies using objective methods to evaluate muscularity in critically ill adults with COVID-19, without language restrictions. Co-primary outcomes were overall mortality and muscle strength. Random-effect meta-analyses were performed in RevMan 5.4.1. We included 20 studies (N = 1818), assessing muscularity via computed tomography (twelve studies), ultrasound (seven studies), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (one study); none had low risk of bias. In analyses of high vs low muscularity, high muscle mass was significantly associated with lower overall mortality (nine studies; risk ratio = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.98; P = 0.03). When muscularity was analyzed as a continuous variable, COVID-19 survivors had higher skeletal muscle area (SMA) (13 studies; mean difference [MD] = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.03-2.33; P = 0.05) confirmed by sensitivity analysis using standardized MD (0.23, 95% CI 0.05-0.42, P = 0.01) and significantly higher muscle quality (five studies; standardized MD = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.20-0.70; P = 0.0004). Muscle strength findings were inconsistent: one study showed significant correlations between muscle strength with muscle mass parameters (r = 0.365-0.375, P < 0.001) whereas another found no association. In critically ill adults with COVID-19, high muscle mass was associated with lower mortality risk. Survivors had significantly higher SMA and muscle quality. Findings on physical function outcomes remain inconclusive (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022384155).}, }
@article {pmid40350558, year = {2025}, author = {Uzzell, J and Divin, C and Zinn, K}, title = {Integration of Student Well-Being in Undergraduate Nursing Curricula: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Worldviews on evidence-based nursing}, volume = {22}, number = {3}, pages = {e70029}, doi = {10.1111/wvn.70029}, pmid = {40350558}, issn = {1741-6787}, mesh = {Humans ; *Students, Nursing/psychology ; *Curriculum/trends/standards ; *Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/methods/standards ; COVID-19 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nursing school causes immense stress for students, and the attrition rate is high. Nurse educators have long been aware of the documented relationship between well-being and academic success, as well as the anxiety, depression, insomnia, fear, and exhaustion that result in student burnout. However, there has been little change in the nursing curriculum, and few nursing curricula include student well-being education.<br><br>AIM: This scoping review aimed to search the literature for student well-being education concepts integrated into the nursing curriculum.<br><br>METHODS: This scoping review was performed on Scopus 20, American Psychological Association's (APA) PsychNet database, and CINAHL database using Arksey and O'Malley's 6-step methodology. Search terms included nursing AND student AND well-being AND curricula OR education OR curriculum. Articles were excluded if they were graduate-level education, not faculty or student-focused, not in an academic setting, or if the study was completed in a foreign country or was COVID-19 pandemic-related. Other limitations were the years 2020-2024 and in the English language.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 19 articles were chosen for inclusion in the scoping review. Ninety-nine articles were found on Scopus 20 and limited by careful analysis to 16. No eligible articles were found on APA PsychNet. The CINAHL database produced four articles, with two chosen for inclusion after a full-text review. One article was found through hand-searching during the literature search process. Articles discussed using one well-being course, integrating a specific well-being program, utilizing multiple well-being activities, developing faculty training skills for the integration of well-being, and creating a shared agenda for the design of well-being activities within the nursing curriculum.<br><br>LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: The nursing curriculum should include well-being activities in each nursing course. Supporting nursing students' well-being will enhance their academic success and decrease burnout.}, }
@article {pmid40350182, year = {2025}, author = {Matsumoto, K and Prowle, JR and Puthucheary, Z and Cecconi, M and Fazzini, B and Malcolm, H and Nydahl, P and Osman, M and Santini, A and Schaller, SJ and Thomson, W and van den Berke, D and Poll, M and Stephens, T}, title = {Uncertainty and decision-making in critical care: lessons from managing COVID-19 ARDS in preparation for the next pandemic.}, journal = {BMJ open respiratory research}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/bmjresp-2024-002637}, pmid = {40350182}, issn = {2052-4439}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/epidemiology ; *Critical Care/methods ; Uncertainty ; *Respiration, Artificial/methods ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy ; *Clinical Decision-Making ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Decision Making ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was an emergent syndrome that led to high volumes of critically ill ventilated patients. We explored influences on decision-making regarding management of COVID-19 ARDS mechanical ventilation to identify modifiable factors to improve preparedness for future pandemics.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review and small group interviews informed the development of an international questionnaire (UK, Italy, Germany and Netherlands) on factors influencing COVID-19 ARDS ventilation decision-making in critical care professionals. Participants ranked four themes in order of importance: disease (uncertainties around COVID-19 ARDS), contextual (cognitive strain), environmental (structural logistics) and team factors. Participants also ranked the subthemes within each theme. Thematic analysis was used to derive findings from qualitative data. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Kendall's tau were used for quantitative data analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Patient factors (comorbidities, clinical/biochemical parameters) were the most studied influences in the extant literature on decision-making; uncertainty was one of the least studied. 371 critical care professionals responded to the questionnaire. Disease uncertainty (lack of applicable guidelines, unfamiliarity with pathophysiology) was ranked as the most important influence on ventilation decision-making for COVID-19 ARDS across regions, professions and experience levels (p<0.001). Participants expressed underconfidence in their decision-making (median score: 9/20); this was unaffected by experience (p=0.79) or profession (p=0.58). Qualitative findings supported and extended the initial proposed influences, including the impact of team factors (+ve) and resource limitations (-ve) on disease uncertainty.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Future pandemic preparedness programmes should target modifiable influences such as information sharing, teamworking and resource limitations to mitigate against the negative influence of uncertainty and thereby improve decision-making overall.}, }
@article {pmid40350153, year = {2025}, author = {Lee, J}, title = {Introduction to burnout and well-being for anesthesiologists in South Korea: narrative and brief review.}, journal = {Anesthesia and pain medicine}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, pages = {121-126}, doi = {10.17085/apm.25244}, pmid = {40350153}, issn = {2383-7977}, abstract = {Burnout is a widespread occupational issue in the medical field, posing significant risks to both physician health and patient care worldwide. While the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the impact of systemic factors-such as excessive workloads, administrative burdens, and inefficiencies-in exacerbating physician burnout, discussions about well-being remain limited in South Korea. Given the recent challenges faced by healthcare professionals in Korea, addressing burnout has become urgent to prevent further negative outcomes. Although individual efforts toward wellness are important, they are insufficient without systemic support. Distinguishing between burnout and well-being is crucial for developing targeted interventions. Drawing on global examples, comprehensive strategies-including policy reforms, organizational support, mental health resources, and cultural shifts-are recommended to create a sustainable and supportive environment for anesthesiologists in Korea.}, }
@article {pmid40349995, year = {2025}, author = {Pita Dos Santos, LG and da Silva Coutinho, G and Rodrigues Guimarães, JM and Miranda da Silva, M and Francisco da Silva, A and Marcelino Neto, PP and Coral Rodrigues, BC and Aaron de Almeida, W and Carlos Alves Dos Santos, AJ and Napoleão, TH and Pontual, EV}, title = {Advances in COVID-19 Therapeutics: Exploring the Role of Lectins and Protease Inhibitors.}, journal = {Microbial pathogenesis}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {107687}, doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107687}, pmid = {40349995}, issn = {1096-1208}, abstract = {The rapid global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has demanded innovative approaches to treatment and prevention. This article reviews the current landscape of COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines, emphasizing the role of biotechnological products, particularly lectins and protease inhibitors. SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA virus, infects host cells via its spike (S) protein, which binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. This interaction is facilitated by host proteases like TMPRSS2, which are critical for viral entry. Treatments for COVID-19 primarily focus on antiviral drugs, anti-inflammatory agents, and monoclonal antibodies. Protease inhibitors that target viral enzymes like Mpro and PLpro have demonstrated potential. Additionally, vaccines, including mRNA-based, DNA-based, and those using viral vectors or inactivated viruses, are essential for preventing new infections. Lectins, proteins that bind specifically to carbohydrates, have emerged as potential antiviral agents. They can impede viral entry by binding to glycoproteins on the virus's surface or modulate immune responses. Studies indicate that lectins like cyanovirin-N and griffithsin exhibit significant antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. While most of the research on these biotechnological products is still in preclinical or early stages, their potential for treating and preventing COVID-19 is substantial. Further investigation and clinical trials are crucial to validate their efficacy and safety. This article underscores the need for continued exploration of novel therapeutic strategies to combat the evolving COVID-19 pandemic. However, the review is limited by the scarcity of clinical data on these products, highlighting the need for translational research.}, }
@article {pmid40349784, year = {2025}, author = {Xu, S and Sun, C and Qian, T and Chen, Y and Dong, X and Wang, A and Zhang, Q and Ji, Y and Jin, Z and Liu, C and Zhao, K}, title = {Animal vaccine revolution: Nanoparticle adjuvants open the future of vaccinology.}, journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {113827}, doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113827}, pmid = {40349784}, issn = {1873-4995}, abstract = {In recent years, the rapid development of nanoparticle adjuvants has greatly facilitated the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in humans and animals. The remarkable success of mRNA nanovaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has accelerated the advancement of nanoparticle adjuvant technologies in the era of precision medicine. Significant progress has been made in researching nanovaccines for major animal infectious diseases, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea, avian influenza, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, bovine viral diarrhea, foot-and-mouth disease, African swine fever, and Newcastle disease. This article reviews the nanoparticle adjuvants under investigation for animal use, emphasizing their diverse mechanisms of action and immunological properties, and analyzes the physicochemical factors influencing their immune-enhancing effects. On this basis, we discuss future prospects and key challenges that need to be addressed, aiming to provide valuable references for the development of novel animal vaccine adjuvants.}, }
@article {pmid40349479, year = {2025}, author = {Walsh, A and McCarthy, J and Bradshaw, C}, title = {Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on bereavement care provided within maternity services: A focused mapping review and synthesis.}, journal = {Midwifery}, volume = {147}, number = {}, pages = {104445}, doi = {10.1016/j.midw.2025.104445}, pmid = {40349479}, issn = {1532-3099}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Perinatal bereavement is the experience of parents after the death of an infant due to miscarriage, stillbirth, neonatal death, or elective termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly. Perinatal loss is a traumatic event for parents and the quality of care provided by healthcare professionals (HCPs) can impact their grieving process. In March 2020, Covid-19 was declared a global pandemic, with significant consequences on perinatal bereavement services.<br><br>AIM: To explore parents and HCPs experiences of perinatal bereavement care during the Covid-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A focused mapping review and synthesis was used to identify papers which concentrated on perinatal bereavement care within maternity services during the Covid-19 pandemic. Studies meeting the criteria in peer reviewed midwifery, obstetric and healthcare journals (n = 6), published between Jan 2020-Feb 2025 were descriptively analysed, providing a topography and synthesis of the key trends identified.<br><br>FINDINGS: Fourteen relevant studies were identified in the review period, six of which met the inclusion criteria, with two themes identified: Maternity service reconfiguration due to Covid-19 restrictions and Loneliness and anxiety inducing experiences among parents.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The Covid-19 pandemic negatively impacted bereavement care within maternity services. Maternity reconfiguration because of the pandemic was a major contributor to dissatisfaction and frustration amongst bereaved parents and HCPs. Exclusion of partners had a negative effect on parents' experiences of care, augmenting the loneliness and anxiety felt by parents when dealing with loss. Perinatal bereavement guidelines need to accentuate the importance of partner inclusion in any context but particularly when providing care to women requiring isolation or barrier nursing. Guidelines must be reviewed to clearly outline when the use of virtual care is appropriate within the maternity setting. Additional research is needed to assess the long-term impacts of Covid 19 on HCPs. Such research includes identifying effective mechanisms to help staff deal with the stress and emotional impact of future public health emergencies.}, }
@article {pmid40349297, year = {2025}, author = {Arries-Kleyenstuber, E and Dierck de Casterlé, B and Kynoch, K and Ramis, MA and Suhonen, R and Ventura, C and Morley, G}, title = {Ethical challenges nurses faced during the COVID-19 pandemic: Scoping review.}, journal = {Nursing ethics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {9697330251339417}, doi = {10.1177/09697330251339417}, pmid = {40349297}, issn = {1477-0989}, abstract = {Nurses encountered a myriad of ethical challenges during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as allocation of scarce resources, the need to balance duty of care with safety of self as well as visitation restrictions. The impact of these challenges on the nursing workforce requires investigation. The aim of this review was to scope and describe the reported literature on ethical challenges faced by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, including contextual characteristics and strategies reported to address these challenges. The review was conducted in accordance with JBI methods for scoping reviews and reported using PRISMA-ScR guidance. A published protocol guided conduct of the review. The following databases were searched for eligible studies from November 2019 to January 2023: PubMed, CINAHL, Ovid, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus. No language restrictions were applied. Studies were reviewed for inclusion by two independent reviewers, and a data extraction form was developed to extract data relevant to the review questions. Results were analyzed and presented according to the concepts of interest, using tables, figures, and supporting narrative synthesis. After searching the databases, 2150 citations were retrieved with 47 studies included in the review. Studies represented 23 countries across five continents. Most of the studies used qualitative designs. Ethical challenges were described in several ways, often without appealing to common ethics language or terms. Few studies reported on strategies to address the specific challenges, which may reflect the dynamic nature of the pandemic. The scoping review highlights the complex and, at times, overwhelming impact of ethical challenges faced by nurses across the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings from the review can be used as a basis for further research to explore, develop, and implement strategies to address ethical challenges faced by nurses during future public health crises.}, }
@article {pmid40348572, year = {2025}, author = {Garcia, JF and Reid, MW and Raymond, JK}, title = {Designing, Implementing, and Adapting Virtual Care Models for Marginalized Communities.}, journal = {Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America}, volume = {54}, number = {2}, pages = {315-328}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecl.2025.02.018}, pmid = {40348572}, issn = {1558-4410}, mesh = {Humans ; *Telemedicine/organization &amp; administration ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; *Endocrine System Diseases/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Healthcare Disparities ; }, abstract = {Telehealth and virtual care models are viable solutions to disparities impacting diverse or marginalized communities with endocrine disorders. Racially and ethnically diverse children with endocrine disorders and their families have not been adequately represented in research or granted equal access to these innovative models. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic highlighted disparities but also provided an opportunity to adapt telehealth and virtual care models across institutions. To ensure the success of these care models, diverse children and their families must be included in their development, implementation, and adaptation.}, }
@article {pmid40348543, year = {2025}, author = {Razzaq, A and Prager, KM and Garan, AR and Hastie, J and Brodie, D and Abrams, D}, title = {Ethical Considerations for Mechanical Support.}, journal = {Anesthesiology clinics}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {267-282}, doi = {10.1016/j.anclin.2025.02.003}, pmid = {40348543}, issn = {1932-2275}, mesh = {Humans ; *Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/ethics/methods ; Heart Failure/therapy ; Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy ; }, abstract = {Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has the ability to support patients with severe forms of cardiac and respiratory failure. Rapid expansion of ECLS, its resource-intensive and invasive nature, and the high acuity illness of supported patients have raised important questions. Specific issues include identification of patients most likely to benefit, the appropriate duration of support amid uncertain prognosis, and what to do when patients become dependent on ECLS but no longer have hope for recovery or transplantation. Careful deliberation of ethical principles and potential dilemmas should be made when considering the use of ECLS in advanced cardiopulmonary failure.}, }
@article {pmid40348041, year = {2025}, author = {Ayyad, M and Alya, WA and Barabrah, AM and Darawish, SM and AlHabil, Y and MohammedAli, M and Nabilsi, MZ and Asad, D and Ayasa, LA and Matassa, D}, title = {Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review of 105 cases on clinical characteristics and outcomes.}, journal = {Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {110512}, doi = {10.1016/j.clim.2025.110512}, pmid = {40348041}, issn = {1521-7035}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has been linked to autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), a rare but serious condition causing red blood cell destruction. This systematic review examines the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of AIHA in COVID-19 patients.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus identified 85 studies encompassing 105 patients. Data on demographics, clinical features, and treatment outcomes were extracted.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 1402 articles, 85 met inclusion criteria. Most patients were male (54.3&#x202f;%) with a mean age of 50.6&#x202f;years, predominantly from Asia (83.5&#x202f;%). Cold agglutinin AIHA was most common (48.2&#x202f;%). Presenting symptoms included fatigue, dyspnea, and fever. Steroids were the most effective treatment, used in 95&#x202f;% of recovered cases. Mortality was 14.3&#x202f;%, with 26.7&#x202f;% of deaths directly related to AIHA.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 is associated with AIHA, often presenting with non-specific symptoms. Early recognition and prompt steroid therapy are critical for improving outcomes. Further research is needed to guide management.}, }
@article {pmid40347741, year = {2025}, author = {J, P and Lavanya, P and A, M and Kumar C, N}, title = {Recent advances in the diagnosis of fungal zoonoses in India: A comprehensive overview.}, journal = {Molecular aspects of medicine}, volume = {103}, number = {}, pages = {101366}, doi = {10.1016/j.mam.2025.101366}, pmid = {40347741}, issn = {1872-9452}, abstract = {Fungal infections are most common in integumentary and systemic parts of the body. The outbreak of fungal infections was observed in several disease conditions like Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), chronic obstructive disease (COPD), malignancies and others like COVID-19 associated Mucormycosis (Black fungus) among Indian population. The main objective of the study is to examine the recent advanced techniques available in India for the diagnosis of fungal infections. We conclude that the study has mainly focuses on the recent advances on the diagnosis of fungal infections in India. The prevalence of zoonotic fungal infections among humans is alarming, and global health is moving towards the existence of a one-health approach.}, }
@article {pmid40346732, year = {2025}, author = {Helmold, M and Amann, R}, title = {Advancing ORFV-Based Therapeutics to the Clinical Stage.}, journal = {Reviews in medical virology}, volume = {35}, number = {3}, pages = {e70038}, pmid = {40346732}, issn = {1099-1654}, support = {//Bundesministerium f&#xfc;r Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz/ ; ZUK63//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Oncolytic Virotherapy/methods ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Oncolytic Viruses/immunology/genetics ; }, abstract = {The Orf virus (ORFV) is the prototype member of the parapoxvirus family and has long been recognized for its robust immunogenicity, favourable safety profile and its ability to stimulate both cellular and humoural immune responses without inducing significant anti-vector immunity. Despite these inherent advantages, early applications of ORFV-based technologies were limited by challenges in manufacturing scalability and uncertainties regarding clinical safety in humans. However, recent breakthroughs have transformed this therapeutic landscape. A landmark achievement is the development of Prime-2-CoV, an ORFV-based anti-COVID-19 vaccine that has advanced into human clinical trials, providing the first clinical evidence of live ORFV's feasibility, safety and immunogenicity. This milestone, together with the establishment of a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant production process and comprehensive preclinical evaluations, has laid a robust foundation for broader clinical applications of ORFV-based therapeutics. Moreover, the use of ORFV as an oncolytic virus therapy has shown promising results, effectively converting immunologically 'cold' tumours into 'hot' ones, underscoring its versatility as a therapeutic platform. In this review, we critically assess recent advances in ORFV-based therapeutics, with a particular focus on vaccine development and oncolytic virotherapy (OVT). We thoroughly discuss the milestones and impact of the first ORFV-based clinical trial, outline strategies for optimizing the technology and provide insights into overcoming remaining challenges. Collectively, these advancements position ORFV as a highly promising and versatile platform for next-generation prophylactic and therapeutic interventions in both human and veterinary medicine, while also providing a roadmap for future innovations.}, }
@article {pmid40346621, year = {2025}, author = {Kenney, M and Mamo, L}, title = {Precision public health after Covid-19: a scoping review.}, journal = {International journal for equity in health}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {129}, pmid = {40346621}, issn = {1475-9276}, support = {2218494//U.S. National Science Foundation/ ; 2218494//U.S. National Science Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Public Health/methods ; *Health Equity ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; *Precision Medicine ; }, abstract = {"Precision public health" (PPH) emerged in 2015 as a charismatic vision to revolutionize traditional public health with data-driven solutions to the world's most challenging public health problems. A central goal of PPH is to use population-level data to improve health equity by targeting geographically localized at-risk populations. For this article, we conducted a scoping review to investigate whether and how PPH approaches were used for Covid-19 pandemic response and how they incorporated health equity goals in their approaches. We found that during the Covid-19 pandemic, discussions of PPH in the academic literature mostly focused on potential future implementation of PPH rather than on-the-ground Covid-19 pandemic response. In the few articles that described a research project and/or public health intervention at the intersection of PPH and Covid-19, researchers articulated PPH together with three sets of Covid-19 era public health practices: 1) vulnerability indexes; 2) near real-time surveillance; 3) pathogen sequencing. In each of these articulations, the most common method for achieving health equity was using epidemiological surveillance data to create risk stratification to direct resources to the most vulnerable. As these new articulations are tentative and have not yet become common in public health literature and policy, the article ends with a critical call to interrogate which versions of health equity are enacted and foreclosed in data-driven approaches to public health and how PPH can best serve vulnerable populations.}, }
@article {pmid40346581, year = {2025}, author = {Kuandyk, A and Toleukhanova, N and Dmitriyeva, M and Suleimenov, T and Sarssenov, D and Mamytkhan, R and Sakhayev, M and Tleubergenov, A and Toleubayev, M}, title = {Indicators associated with job morale of physicians in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID- 19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC health services research}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {669}, pmid = {40346581}, issn = {1472-6963}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Morale ; *Job Satisfaction ; *Developing Countries ; Burnout, Professional/epidemiology/psychology ; *Physicians/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Motivation ; Depression/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID- 19 pandemic has placed immense strain on healthcare systems around the globe, with low- and middle-income countries facing unique challenges due to limited resources and fragile healthcare infrastructures. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to define the levels of four indicators of job morale (job motivation, job satisfaction, burnout, and depression symptoms) among physicians working in public healthcare settings in low- and middle-income countries.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive search of Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and grey literature was performed. Studies were eligible if at least one job morale indicator (job motivation, job satisfaction, burnout, or depression symptoms) was assessed using quantitative methods, and at least 50% of the sample were qualified physicians working in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Random effects meta-analyses, planned sub-group analyses, and meta-regression were performed.<br><br>RESULTS: Overall, 82 studies involving 65,431 participants across 26 middle-income countries met the inclusion criteria for the review. The pooled random effect estimates of the prevalence of burnout suggest that 49% of physicians working in middle-income countries during the COVID- 19 pandemic suffered from professional burnout. The overall estimate of the mean was 24.64, which also indicated a high level of burnout. The pooled random effect estimates of the prevalence of depression symptoms varied from 41 to 58%, depending on the adopted scale. Sufficient data were not available for meta-analyses of job motivation and job satisfaction.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that job morale among physicians working in middle-income countries was generally low during the COVID- 19 pandemic. However, due to substantial variation and limited methodological quality among the studies included, any conclusions offered should be approached with caution. Future research should focus on assessing job morale in low-income regions and identifying effective resilience strategies to support interventions aimed at improving job morale.}, }
@article {pmid40344415, year = {2025}, author = {Bruno Ortiz, TN and DeChristofaro, SC and Cheng, M and Alegría, M}, title = {Community Health Workers Research: Where Are We Now? A Narrative Review of an Expanding Workforce for Mental Health.}, journal = {Harvard review of psychiatry}, volume = {33}, number = {3}, pages = {103-113}, doi = {10.1097/HRP.0000000000000427}, pmid = {40344415}, issn = {1465-7309}, mesh = {Humans ; *Community Health Workers/education ; *COVID-19 ; *Mental Health Services ; }, abstract = {In an evolving health care landscape, community health workers (CHWs) have emerged as invaluable assets, bridging gaps to mental health service access and fostering community resilience. In this article, we explore the multifaceted responsibilities shouldered by CHWs, encompassing outreach, education, and support, and underscore their unique abilities to establish trust within diverse communities. We also highlight evolving recognition of CHWs as integral health care team members and examine the growing body of evidence on CHW effectiveness in enhancing mental health outcomes, reducing disparities, and promoting preventative measures. Additionally, we review how, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the CHW role has shifted with increased demand for their services within the mental health care landscape. The pandemic laid bare the vulnerabilities in existing health care structures, disproportionately affecting communities with limited resource access, including mental health support. Furthermore, we review six primary research domains that could potentially help expand the CHW workforce: standardization and training, sustainability and retention, integration into health systems, impact measurement, cost-effectiveness and financing, and scaling up and adaptation. Last, we examine the pandemic's transformative effects on CHWs; we shed light on their resilience and adaptability in the face of unprecedented challenges and underscore their heightened relevance within the evolving health care response paradigm post-COVID.}, }
@article {pmid40343622, year = {2025}, author = {Trigg, LA and Farmer, C and Muthukumar, M and Wilson, ECF and Lovell, A and Lee, D}, title = {The Cost Effectiveness of Elective Surgical Procedures with Longer NHS Waiting Lists: A Targeted Review.}, journal = {Applied health economics and health policy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40343622}, issn = {1179-1896}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to review the evidence for the cost effectiveness of elective surgeries with long waiting lists within the NHS in England. This is to inform understanding of national spending priorities in the context of significant demand for elective surgeries and to inform the debate on appropriate cost-effectiveness thresholds across healthcare decision making.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a targeted literature review to identify published cost-effectiveness analyses for nine elective procedures with long waiting lists in the NHS, selected based on previous reviews. These were percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), hysterectomy, cholecystectomy, knee replacement, groin hernia repair, hip replacement, prostatectomy, and cataract surgery. We made comparisons adjusted for currency and price year (2024).<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 21 evaluations; in these, the cost effectiveness of surgeries was compared with no surgery (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;9), medical management (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;5), and between early and delayed surgery (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;10). The evaluations reported that almost all procedures would be considered cost effective yielding incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) below &#xa3;20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. Cholecystectomy, prostatectomy, hip and knee replacement surgeries were associated with ICERs of between &#xa3;5,000 and &#xa3;10,000.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings offer insights for policymakers on optimising finite healthcare resources, particularly post-COVID-19, with surgical waiting lists a priority for the NHS. Prioritising these elective procedures is likely to be a highly cost-effective use of NHS resources. Allocation of investment to areas that are more cost effective than others is likely to increase the efficiency of the NHS, resulting in a net health gain compared with the reimbursement of less cost-effective interventions.}, }
@article {pmid40343424, year = {2025}, author = {Bhattacharya, S and Bhattacharjee, S and Singh, A}, title = {Human Metapneumovirus: A Comprehensive Epidemiological Analysis of a Global Respiratory Threat.}, journal = {Infection &amp; chemotherapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3947/ic.2025.0019}, pmid = {40343424}, issn = {2093-2340}, abstract = {Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a significant respiratory pathogen that contributes to acute respiratory infections, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Since its discovery in 2001, HMPV has become a global health concern, with epidemiological data revealing seasonal peaks and notable genetic diversity. The virus is associated with a wide range of respiratory illnesses, including bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and asthma exacerbations, leading to substantial hospitalization rates and healthcare costs. This review examines the epidemiology of HMPV, focusing on pre- and post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) trends, transmission patterns, and the impact on at-risk populations. Notably, the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the seasonality of HMPV, with altered patterns of viral circulation and co-infection with other respiratory pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. Despite its considerable impact, HMPV remains under-recognized and lacks specific antivirals or vaccines, leaving management largely supportive. Advances in molecular diagnostics, including RT-PCR and potential serological methods, offer hope for improved detection and epidemiological tracking. Moreover, research into monoclonal antibodies, antiviral treatments, and vaccines is ongoing, with promising results in preclinical models. Enhanced surveillance systems and integrated approaches to monitor co-circulating viruses are essential for mitigating the burden of HMPV. This review underscores the need for continued research, public health strategies, and global collaboration to address the challenges posed by HMPV, particularly in high-risk populations and regions with limited healthcare infrastructure.}, }
@article {pmid40343212, year = {2025}, author = {Ofori, MA and Lartey, S and Durneva, P and Jha, N and Mittal, N and Roy, S and Zeba, Z and Chirwa, S and Saulsberry-Scarboro, N and Taylor, M and Joshi, A}, title = {Visual communication of public health data: a scoping review.}, journal = {Frontiers in digital health}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {1555231}, pmid = {40343212}, issn = {2673-253X}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Visual communications (VC) play a crucial role in effectively conveying public health data to diverse audiences, including policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the general public. Although the U.S. government invests heavily in health data and data accessibility, health data are not entirely accessible or easily understood. This can be attributed to data sharing and visualization challenges. VC challenges have created public health information gaps which are compounded in emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially impacting poor health outcomes and increasing health inequities.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To examine visualization tools and techniques effective for public health visual data communication.<br><br>METHODS: A scoping review was conducted to summarize the available evidence related to visualization techniques and tools for public health visual data communication as well as related principles and best practices. Original peer-reviewed articles published in English that involve visualization, user-centered design of visual public health applications/interfaces, visual analytics, infographics, or dashboards from PubMed database from 2020 to 2024 were included. Also, review articles, commentaries, editorials, posters, systematic and scoping articles were excluded from this review. In all, twenty-eight (28) studies were included.<br><br>RESULTS: There were 25 different visualization techniques identified which included charts and graphs (e.g., bar charts, line charts, pie charts, bubble charts, box plots, scatter plots), maps (e.g., choropleth maps, hotspot maps, and heatmaps), and specialized visualizations (e.g., sunburst diagrams, alluvial plots, upset plots, circos). These visuals were displayed employing different programming and statistical tools and libraries like R, Python, Power BI, Tableau, ArcGIS, and custom web-based applications. The visuals measured different types of data accessibility, pattern and trends identification, association and relationships of univariate and bivariate data, as well as exploring multidimensional forms of health data. The visualizations were applied in different public health domains, such as HIV prevention and care, public health communication, interventions, surveillance, policy measures and decision-making, and improving health education.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Dashboards and web-based tools combined with static visualizations like charts, maps, or specialized plots can help with data exploration, pattern recognition, and dissemination of health information. Effective communication of public health data promotes informed decision-making, creates awareness, and leads to improved and better health outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40343137, year = {2025}, author = {Foley, DA and Phuong, LK}, title = {RSV: an update on prevention and management.}, journal = {Australian prescriber}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {34-39}, pmid = {40343137}, issn = {0312-8008}, abstract = {Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory tract infections in infants and young children, and adults over 60 years of age. Infants born prematurely, adults aged over 75 years, individuals with medical conditions such as chronic cardiac or respiratory disease, or obesity, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are at increased risk of severe RSV disease. As the management of RSV disease is mainly supportive, routine testing for RSV in people with a respiratory illness is not recommended. In high-risk populations and individuals presenting with severe illness, respiratory virus testing should prioritise influenza and COVID-19, as there are specific antiviral drugs for these diseases. Recent approval of RSV vaccines and a new long-acting RSV monoclonal antibody has created opportunities to minimise adverse outcomes associated with RSV infection. Protection against severe RSV disease in infants can be achieved through vaccination of their mother between weeks 28 and 36 of pregnancy, or by administering an RSV monoclonal antibody after delivery. There is currently no RSV vaccine approved for neonates or infants. For older adults, at the time of writing there are 2 approved RSV vaccines available.}, }
@article {pmid40342869, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, D and Hua, W and Sun, F and Wen, C and Cheong, LY and Xie, R and Chan, KH and Chan, SCW and Li, X and Ye, S and Yap, DYH}, title = {The changes in global burden of autoimmune diseases two years after the COVID-19 pandemic: a trend analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.}, journal = {Journal of translational autoimmunity}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {100289}, pmid = {40342869}, issn = {2589-9090}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Data on the epidemiological changes in the global burden of autoimmune diseases (ADs) after the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is lacking. This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global burden of ADs, including psoriasis (PsO), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 1 diabetes (T1DM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS).<br><br>METHODS: Age-standardized rates (ASR), including incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and death (ASDR), were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 from 1990 to 2021. The changes in number and ASR of ADs burden were assessed by absolute and relative increases comparing 2021 to 2019. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to determine whether the year 2019 marked the substantial changes in trends of ASR across global, 21 geographical regions, and 204 countries. The correlations between COVID-19 incidence, vaccination and the relative increased ASIR/ASPR of ADs were also evaluated.<br><br>RESULTS: Joinpoint regression analysis identified 2019 as a pivotal year, marking a global increase in the burden of PsO. The global ASR of PsO in 2021 showed an increased incidence, prevalence, and DALYs of 0.78, 5, and 0.33 DALYs per 100,000, respectively, compared to 2019 (194.1&#xa0;&#xd7;&#xa0;10[3] cases, 1651.3&#xa0;&#xd7;&#xa0;10[3] cases, and 131.4&#xa0;&#xd7;&#xa0;10[3] DALYs, respectively). Notable absolute increases in PsO incidence rates in 2021 were observed in regions with a high socio-demographic index, particularly among individuals aged 50 to 54 and among males. Furthermore, 2019 marked a joinpoint with increased ASIR or ASPR of ADs in various regions, notably PsO in High-income North America, Southern Latin America, and South Asia, as well as IBD in Southern and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Europe, and East Asia. Regional data from the USA, England, and Japan indicated a positive correlation between COVID-19 incidence and relative increases in the burden of PsO in 2020 (Spearman R 0.35, 0.24, and 0.36, respectively, for incidence; R 0.35, 0.2, and 0.36, respectively, for prevalence; all p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). Additionally, 2021 state-level vaccination rates in the USA were negatively correlated with the relative increases in the ASIR of PsO and RA (R: 0.27 and -0.54, respectively; p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001 for all), as well as the ASPR of PsO, RA, and MS (R: 0.45, -0.49, and -0.41, respectively; p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.01 for all) in 2021.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The year 2019 marked a pivotal point for increased global burden of PsO and regional burdens of other ADs. These observations have important implications for subsequent healthcare planning and resource allocation.}, }
@article {pmid40341792, year = {2025}, author = {Madiha,  and Shahzadi, A and Ashiq, Z}, title = {Community engagement: the missing piece in solving the puzzle of XDR-typhoid spread in Pakistan.}, journal = {Journal of public health policy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40341792}, issn = {1745-655X}, abstract = {Typhoid has been a major infectious health threat for the masses in Pakistan with increasing antimicrobial resistance, socio-economic decline, and environmental challenges. Since 2019, the percentage of cases has reduced with the implementation of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine (TCV) program but reports of widened geographical spread particularly as aftermath of flooding in 2022 and resistance to Azithromycin or Meropenem in adult population are a matter of serious concern. Now is the right time to reconsider whether strategies like mass immunization or health infrastructure development solely can combat the hazards of Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR)-Typhoid. Public health policies developed due to COVID-19, such as incorporating all stakeholders especially the public through community engagement, may provide a collaborative effort to lessen the prevailing threat of antibiotic resistance.}, }
@article {pmid40341155, year = {2025}, author = {Brown, MEL and Finn, G and Burford, B and Vance, G}, title = {Changes to national postgraduate medical education during COVID-19: a scoping review of practice and impact within the UK.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {e099766}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2025-099766}, pmid = {40341155}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; *Education, Medical, Graduate/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Curriculum ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Explore what is known about the impact of changes made at a national level to UK postgraduate medical education during COVID-19.<br><br>DESIGN: A scoping review, following Arksey and O'Malley's framework, reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase and ERIC were searched for peer-reviewed literature, and grey literature was searched via DuckDuckGo. The initial search was conducted on 17 January 2023 and updated on 5 June 2024. Forward citation tracking was performed.<br><br>ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: English-language studies of any design examining national-level adaptations to postgraduate medical education (eg, curricula, examinations and Annual Review of Competency Panels (ARCPs)) within the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies were excluded, which focused solely on undergraduate education, international settings, grassroots-level changes (eg, to individual teaching sessions), or where full text was unobtainable.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were extracted using a piloted charting form and analysed thematically to identify recurring patterns across studies. Basic numerical data were collected to describe study characteristics.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 1067 records screened, 30 studies met inclusion criteria. Most were cross-sectional surveys, with a strong representation from surgical and craft specialties. Four themes were identified: (1) impact on career development (including concerns about career delays and shifts in aspirations); (2) impact on trainee progression (highlighting delays due to ARCP outcomes 10.1/10.2 and reduced procedure accreditation); (3) changes in teaching and learning (such as a shift to online learning and cancelled rotations) and (4) supervision and support (revealing mixed experiences, with reports of burnout and inadequate organisational guidance). The systemic impact was uneven across specialties and training stages.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: National-level changes mitigated immediate educational disruptions but are beginning to reveal long-term consequences for career development, workforce planning and trainee well-being, highlighting the need for resilient and equitable future frameworks.}, }
@article {pmid40341071, year = {2025}, author = {Jafari, M and Khani, M and Akbari, T and Farahani, E and Bayat, F and Bagheri, A and Nasrollahizadeh, A and Ramezani, P and Ebrahimi, P and Mandegar, MH}, title = {Presentation of a residual post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect; a literature review based on a case report.}, journal = {Journal of cardiothoracic surgery}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {230}, pmid = {40341071}, issn = {1749-8090}, mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Myocardial Infarction/complications ; *Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/etiology/surgery/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging ; Echocardiography ; COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In the era of modern techniques for the early diagnosis and revascularization of myocardial infarction, post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect is rarely seen. However, this potentially fatal complication of ischemic cardiac events cannot always be detected and diagnosed in a straightforward pattern of practice. This study presents an initially delayed-presented post-infarction ventricular septal defect.<br><br>CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 58-year-old white man who presented to the cardiology clinic complaining of moderate exertional dyspnea initiated two months ago and exacerbated by the time. His medical history includes an admission three years prior, where he was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and a myocardial infarction that was complicated by a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and hemodynamic instability. This condition was managed through urgent surgical revascularization and closure of the defect. Due to his current symptoms, further cardiac investigations were planned. A transthoracic echocardiogram was recommended after detecting a grade 3/6 systolic murmur during the physical examination. The initial assessment using an apical four-chamber TTE appeared normal. However, when performing a modified view with a posterior tilt, a bulging septum was observed, leaning toward the right ventricle. This bulging contained a defect with a left-to-right shunt, identified as a residual defect in the area of the repaired patch, along with a myocardial aneurysm. Due to the inconsequential findings from the echocardiogram study, the patient was scheduled for a follow-up echocardiogram, which showed no changes after six months. Additionally, the patient underwent therapeutic management addressing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Although post-infarction ventricular septal defects are rarely seen in the revascularization era, the COVID-19 era was associated with an increase in the prevalence of this complication. It is important to be vigilant for patients who experienced an index event during that time. This potentially fatal complication can present with new issues following the initial event, such as residual defects. Comprehensive imaging studies are necessary to detect the underlying pathology.<br><br>KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Diagnosing post-infarction ventricular septal defect requires the hypervigilance and precision of the cardiologist, who examines the patient and performs the cardiac imaging. Therefore, comprehensive investigations are crucial in patients with a suspicious history of ischemic cardiac events.}, }
@article {pmid40341010, year = {2025}, author = {Ogungbe, O and Jabakhanji, SB and Mehta, R and McCaffrey, J and Byrne, D and Hurley, S and Rosman, L and Bansah, EC and Ibukun, F and Quarshie, IA and Lord, K and Lu, Y and Wang, Y and Rayani, A and Liu, H and Joseph, A and Escobosa, A and Nyamuame, I and Lee, J and Meng, N and Jehanzeb, I and Akinyemi, T and Nohara, S and Mediano, MFF and Yeboah-Kordieh, Y and de Sousa, C and Farhat, J and de Mello, RB and Taeed, T and Appel, LJ and Angell, SY and Gregg, EW and Matsushita, K}, title = {Disruption to diabetes and hypertension care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean and mitigation approaches: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC health services research}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {660}, pmid = {40341010}, issn = {1472-6963}, support = {22/RP/10091//RCSI was provided by Science Foundation Ireland, Converge Programme/ ; 22/RP/10091//RCSI was provided by Science Foundation Ireland, Converge Programme/ ; 22/RP/10091//RCSI was provided by Science Foundation Ireland, Converge Programme/ ; 22/RP/10091//RCSI was provided by Science Foundation Ireland, Converge Programme/ ; 22/RP/10091//RCSI was provided by Science Foundation Ireland, Converge Programme/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Latin America/epidemiology ; *Hypertension/therapy/epidemiology ; *Diabetes Mellitus/therapy/epidemiology ; Caribbean Region/epidemiology ; *Primary Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Telemedicine ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted care for non-communicable diseases globally. This study synthesizes evidence on disruptions to primary care, focusing on hypertension and diabetes care and mitigation approaches taken during the pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a scoping review, searching nine electronic databases for studies from January 2020 to December 2022 on COVID-19-related primary care disruptions and interventions, including studies on hospital-based interventions given their relevance to the pandemic response in LAC. We adapted the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative framework to develop our search strategy and synthesize data. For studies reporting interventions, we included studies conducted outside of LAC.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 33,510 references screened, 388 studies were included (259 reported disruptions in LAC, 61 interventions in LAC, 63 interventions outside LAC, and five interventions from countries within and outside LAC), with three-quarters presenting data from Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, and Peru; few studies focused on rural areas. Additionally, the few studies that adequately quantified care disruptions reported a reduction in hypertension and diabetes control during the pandemic (e.g., hypertension control rate decreased from 68 to 55% in Mexico). Frequently reported causes of disruption included burnout and mental health challenges among healthcare workers (with disproportionate effects by type of worker), reduced medication supplies, and reduced frequency of clinic visits by patients (e.g., due to financial constraints). The most reported interventions included remote care strategies (e.g., smartphone applications, virtual meeting platforms) and mental health programs for healthcare workers. Remote care strategies were deemed feasible for care delivery, triaging, and clinical support for non-physicians. Patients were generally satisfied with telemedicine, whereas providers had mixed perceptions. Robust evidence on the effectiveness of remote care strategies for diabetes and hypertension care was unavailable in LAC.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Hypertension and diabetes control appeared to worsen in LAC during the pandemic. Major reported causes of care disruptions were workforce issues, reduced medication supply, and changes in patient perceptions of seeking and receiving primary healthcare. Remote care strategies were feasible for various purposes and were well received by patients. However, the lack of data on intervention effectiveness underscores the importance of strengthening research capacity to generate robust evidence during future pandemics. Developing resilient healthcare systems able to provide care for hypertension and diabetes during future pandemics will depend on investment in the healthcare workforce, medical supply chain, health data and research infrastructure, and technology readiness.}, }
@article {pmid40340966, year = {2025}, author = {Greenup, EP and Best, D}, title = {Systematic review and meta-analysis of no show or non-attendance rates among telehealth and in-person models of care.}, journal = {BMC health services research}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {663}, pmid = {40340966}, issn = {1472-6963}, mesh = {Humans ; *Telemedicine/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *No-Show Patients/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Retrospective Studies ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Comparisons of no-show rates between virtual and in-person models of care are commonly reported during evaluation, indicating how coveted improvements in attendance are to health service providers. This study seeks to synthesise the data from studies that make these comparisons, providing a more accurate indication of what may expected from the use of virtual care models for clinicians and administrators.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 retrospective cohort studies.<br><br>METHODS: A literature review involving five databases was conducted, identifying 441 articles for screening. 45 were included for further analysis. A Random effects model was used to calculate the effect size, with further analysis conducted to determine heterogeneity and publication bias.<br><br>RESULTS: The Random effects model estimated a reduced likelihood non-attendance in patients receiving virtual care compared to in-person groups (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.61). An I[2] indicated a high degree of heterogeneity among the studies analysed. The Fail-Safe N suggested that the results are robust and not significantly influenced by publication bias.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis indicated that on average, telehealth models of care implemented since COVID-19 provide a moderate reduction in risk of patient non-attendance when compared to in-person alternatives.}, }
@article {pmid40340891, year = {2025}, author = {Wu, K and Van Name, J and Xi, L}, title = {D-dimer as Biomarker for Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure: Reappraisal of its Central Role.}, journal = {Cardiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-16}, doi = {10.1159/000546154}, pmid = {40340891}, issn = {1421-9751}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: D-dimer is a fibrinogen degradation product formed by the breakdown of cross-linked fibrin in a series of enzyme-mediated steps. Since the D-dimer assay allows for detection of thrombin production and endogenous fibrinolysis, it has been increasingly used in clinics as a screening test to exclude venous thromboembolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Additionally, D-dimer has been evaluated for determining the initiation of anticoagulation therapy in patients with selected cardiovascular disease.<br><br>SUMMARY: This narrative review has evaluated the updated evidence from several recent clinical studies/trials and provides a reappraisal of the utility of D-dimer assay for disease prognosis and clinical management decisions in patients with stable coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure. We further discussed several confounding factors that may affect circulating levels of D-dimer, including those observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>KEY MESSAGES: Better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying D-dimer formation would improve accuracy and specificity of D-dimer as biomarker for predicting long-term outcome of the severity of coronary artery disease and heart failure.}, }
@article {pmid40340080, year = {2025}, author = {Kakehi, S and Cooblall, C and Pizzi, L and Devlin, N and Reed, SD and Slejko, JF and Wu, O}, title = {How Well Are Women Represented in Authorship in HEOR? An Analysis of Value in Health: An ISPOR Report.}, journal = {Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research}, volume = {28}, number = {5}, pages = {671-675}, doi = {10.1016/j.jval.2025.02.006}, pmid = {40340080}, issn = {1524-4733}, mesh = {*Authorship ; Humans ; Female ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Developing Countries ; *Periodicals as Topic/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Publishing/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to report women's authorship in Value in Health in terms of articles submitted to and accepted for publication before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to evaluate its potential impact on women's research productivity.<br><br>METHODS: The proportion of women corresponding and first authors among submitted and accepted articles were analyzed and compared between the 2 periods: before (2018-2019) and during the COVID pandemic (2020-2021). The proportion of women corresponding authors from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) was compared with the proportion from the rest of world (ROW).<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 4910 Value in Health submissions were identified from 2018 to 2021. The proportion of women's first and corresponding authorship of articles submitted to and accepted for publication in Value in Health slightly increased from before the pandemic to during the pandemic, although not statistically significantly. The difference in proportions of women corresponding authors between LMIC and ROW countries was statistically significant for both periods: before and during the pandemic. Logistic regression models determined that submissions from ROW countries have an increased odds of women corresponding authorship than submissions from LMIC countries (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.11-1.46).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study suggest that the pandemic did not exert an adverse effect on women submitting to or publishing articles in Value in Health. Additional studies are needed to explore whether the proportions are representative of the workforce and investigate whether these distributions change in the future.}, }
@article {pmid40340037, year = {2025}, author = {Delgado-Fernández, M and Ruiz-Mesa, JD and Rojas-González, A and García-Gemar, GM and Fuentes-López, A and de Salazar-González, A and García-García, F}, title = {Fresh frozen plasma for neutralizing SARS-CoV-2: "An exploratory cross-sectional study and review of the state of the art".}, journal = {Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)}, volume = {43}, number = {5}, pages = {282-290}, doi = {10.1016/j.eimce.2025.03.014}, pmid = {40340037}, issn = {2529-993X}, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; *Plasma/immunology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Blood Donors ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Adult ; Spain ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; }, abstract = {Restitution of humoral immunodeficiency is essential to clear SARS-CoV-2. Intravenous unspecific immunoglobulins are expensive and restricted. So recently donated fresh frozen plasma (FFP) could be useful in this scenario but, are all units neutralizing against SARS-CoV-2? We explored this on 52 donations obtained from "Centro de Transfusión, Tejidos y Células de Málaga, Spain", from April to June 2022. Donors status about SARS-CoV-2 previous infection or vaccination was unknown. Neutralizing activity (at dilutions≥1/160) against real Delta (not circulating), BA.2 (dominant circulating variant), BA.5 (irrupting variant), and BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 (not circulating yet) was determined. Higher anti-Spike IgG antibodies cut-offs predicted efficacy of FFP. Different cut-offs have been reported in the literature, but all papers have in common that levels over the higher range of quantification can predict neutralizing activity of recently donated FFP against circulating variants of concern, if used early after donation, not requiring clinical data from donors.}, }
@article {pmid40338681, year = {2025}, author = {Aslam, AM and Shinozuka, K and Muir, O and Tabaac, BJ}, title = {Mapping the Use of Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression and Other Psychiatric Disorders: A Scoping Review of Practice Patterns, Efficacy, and Patient Demographic Trends.}, journal = {American journal of therapeutics}, volume = {32}, number = {3}, pages = {e242-e246}, pmid = {40338681}, issn = {1536-3686}, mesh = {Humans ; *Ketamine/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; *Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant/drug therapy ; United States ; *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics &amp; numerical data/trends ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; Off-Label Use ; Health Services Accessibility ; Adult ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ketamine has emerged as a novel treatment for psychiatric disorders, particularly treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Although intravenous (IV) ketamine is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for TRD, esketamine, an FDA-approved therapeutic, has contributed to the widespread clinical use of off-label IV ketamine across the United States. This scoping review highlights significant shifts in ketamine therapy, particularly after FDA approval of esketamine, the impact of COVID-19 on treatment accessibility, and increased regulatory scrutiny from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and FDA.<br><br>AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY: What are the current practice patterns, patient demographics, and barriers to accessing ketamine for psychiatric disorders, particularly TRD?<br><br>DATA SOURCES: This scoping review focused on provider utilization patterns (including frequency of ketamine administration, provider roles, and treatment settings), preferred administration methods (IV infusions, intramuscular injections, and other routes), and patient characteristics (age, sex, socioeconomic status, and primary psychiatric diagnoses treated). The Web of Science, PubMed, CBM, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, University Theses, and Embase databases were searched.<br><br>RESULTS: Two survey-based studies were included. IV administration was the most common method of administration reported in both studies, with alternative methods such as intramuscular and sublingual routes emerging in limited use. Patients receiving ketamine therapy were predominantly middle aged (36-64 years old), with financial barriers identified as a notable obstacle because of limited insurance coverage. Access to ketamine was limited in rural areas, illustrating the need for expanded provider networks. Private clinics exhibited greater flexibility in treatment approaches than hospital settings, which adhered to standardized protocols. The absence of long-term outcome data and variability in treatment protocols emphasize the need for standardized practices and further research.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review highlights the widespread use of ketamine for TRD, but reveals significant variability in practice patterns and accessibility barriers. Findings emphasize the need for standardized protocols, expanded insurance coverage, and further research to optimize the role of ketamine in psychiatric care.}, }
@article {pmid40338485, year = {2025}, author = {Alves, MCS and da Silva, RCC and de Leitão-Júnior, SSP and de Balbino, VQ}, title = {Therapeutic Approaches for COVID-19: A Review of Antiviral Treatments, Immunotherapies, and Emerging Interventions.}, journal = {Advances in therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40338485}, issn = {1865-8652}, support = {001//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global health crisis, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has presented unprecedented challenges to global healthcare systems, leading to rapid advances in treatment development. This review comprehensively examines the current therapeutic approaches for managing COVID-19, including direct-acting antivirals, immunomodulators, anticoagulants, and adjuvant therapies, as well as emerging and experimental approaches. Direct-acting antivirals target various stages of the viral life cycle, offering specific intervention points, while immunomodulators aim to modulate the host's immune response, reducing disease severity. Anticoagulant therapies address the coagulopathy frequently observed in severe cases, and adjuvant treatments provide supportive care to improve overall outcomes. We also explore the challenges and limitations of implementing these treatments, such as drug resistance, variable patient responses, and access to therapies, especially in resource-limited settings. The review also discusses future perspectives, including the potential of next-generation vaccines, personalized medicine, and global collaboration in shaping future COVID-19 treatment paradigms. Continuous innovation, combined with an integrated and adaptable approach, will be crucial to effectively managing COVID-19 and mitigating the impact of future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid40337590, year = {2025}, author = {Lal, P and Gupta, S}, title = {Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review of Mental Health Challenges, Interventions, and Long-Term Trajectories.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {e81840}, pmid = {40337590}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents globally. This comprehensive narrative review synthesizes current research on the pandemic's psychological effects on young people, examining emotional distress, behavioral changes, sleep disturbances, educational disruptions, and the exacerbation of pre-existing mental health conditions. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science, covering articles published from January 2020 to December 2024. Studies focusing on children and adolescents (aged 0-18 years) that examined mental health outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Data extraction was performed using a standardized form, and a narrative synthesis approach was employed to analyze and integrate the findings. Key findings reveal a substantial increase in anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among children and adolescents during the pandemic. School closures, social isolation, and disrupted routines have contributed to these mental health challenges. Sleep patterns have been notably affected, with delayed bedtimes, increased sleep disturbances, and a higher prevalence of insomnia and nightmares. The pandemic has widened educational disparities, particularly affecting children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions have experienced exacerbated symptoms and faced challenges in accessing care. Various interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, social-emotional learning programs, and digital mental health support, have shown promise in mitigating the pandemic's psychological impact on young people. Children were more affected, as they faced a global crisis for the first time with limited coping skills. Disruptions in routine, social isolation, and family stressors heightened anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues, making them more affected. This review emphasizes the need for continued research, targeted interventions, and policy development to address the long-term mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents.}, }
@article {pmid40336572, year = {2025}, author = {Spunde, K and Korotkaja, K and Sominskaya, I and Zajakina, A}, title = {Genetic adjuvants: A paradigm shift in vaccine development and immune modulation.}, journal = {Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, pages = {102536}, pmid = {40336572}, issn = {2162-2531}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the urgency of developing effective vaccines to combat infectious diseases, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly and immunocompromised. While recombinant protein vaccines offer safety, their poor immunogenicity highlights the need for advanced vaccination platforms. New genetic/nucleic acid vaccine formulations like plasmid DNA and mRNA showed efficiency and safety in preclinical and clinical studies; however, they demand innovative adjuvants because their mechanism of action differs from traditional protein vaccines. Genetic adjuvants-encoded by nucleic acids within DNA, RNA, or viral vectors-emerge as a promising solution by targeting and modulating specific immune pathways, including antigen presentation, T cell activation, and memory formation. These innovative adjuvants enhance vaccine efficacy by fine-tuning innate and adaptive immune responses, overcoming immune senescence, and addressing the challenges of CD8[+] T cell activation in immunocompromised populations. This review explores the potential of genetically encoded adjuvants, including cytokines, chemokines, and other immune modulators. By comparing these adjuvants to traditional formulations, we highlight their capacity to address the limitations of modern vaccines while discussing their integration with emerging technologies like RNA-based vaccines. As genetic adjuvants advance toward clinical application, understanding their mechanisms and optimizing their delivery is pivotal to unlocking next-generation immunization strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40335714, year = {2025}, author = {Kiyono, H and Ernst, PB}, title = {Nasal vaccines for respiratory infections.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {641}, number = {8062}, pages = {321-330}, pmid = {40335714}, issn = {1476-4687}, mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Administration, Intranasal ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention &amp; control/immunology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; }, abstract = {Beginning with Edward Jenner's discovery of the smallpox vaccine, the ever-expanding repertoire of vaccines against pathogens has saved many lives. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a revolutionary mRNA injectable vaccine emerged that effectively controlled the severity of disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. This vaccine induced potent antigen-specific neutralizing serum IgG antibodies, but was limited in its ability to prevent viral invasion at the respiratory surfaces. Nasal vaccines have attracted attention as a potential strategy to combat respiratory infections and prepare for future pandemics. Input from disciplines such as microbiology, biomaterials, bioengineering and chemistry have complemented the immunology to create innovative delivery systems. This approach to vaccine delivery has yielded nasal vaccines that induce secretory IgA as well as serum IgG antibodies, which are expected to prevent pathogen invasion, thereby diminishing transmission and disease severity. For a nasal vaccine to be successful, the complexity of the relevant anatomical, physiological and immunological properties, including the proximity of the central nervous system to the nasal cavity, must be considered. In this Review, we discuss past and current efforts as well as future directions for developing safe and effective nasal vaccines for the prevention of respiratory infections.}, }
@article {pmid40335476, year = {2025}, author = {O'Mahoney, LL and Routen, A and Gillies, C and Jenkins, SA and Almaqhawi, A and Ayoubkhani, D and Banerjee, A and Brightling, C and Calvert, M and Cassambai, S and Ekezie, W and Funnell, MP and Welford, A and Peace, A and Evans, RA and Jeffers, S and Kingsnorth, AP and Pareek, M and Seidu, S and Wilkinson, TJ and Willis, A and Shafran, R and Stephenson, T and Sterne, J and Ward, H and Ward, T and Khunti, K}, title = {The risk of Long Covid symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {4249}, pmid = {40335476}, issn = {2041-1723}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/physiopathology/virology ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/epidemiology/physiopathology/virology ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; }, abstract = {The global evidence on the risk of symptoms of Long Covid in general populations infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to uninfected comparator/control populations remains unknown. We conducted a systematic literature search using multiple electronic databases from January 1, 2022, to August 1, 2024. Included studies had ≥100 people with confirmed or self-reported COVID-19 at ≥28 days following infection onset, and an uninfected comparator/control group. Results were summarised descriptively and meta-analyses were conducted to derive pooled risk ratio estimates. 50 studies totaling 14,661,595 people were included. In all populations combined, there was an increased risk of a wide range of 39 out of 40 symptoms in those infected with SARS‑CoV‑2 compared to uninfected controls. The symptoms with the highest pooled relative risks were loss of smell (RR 4.31; 95% CI 2.66, 6.99), loss of taste (RR 3.71; 95% CI 2.22, 7.26), poor concentration (RR 2.68; 95% CI 1.66, 4.33), impaired memory (RR 2.53; 95% CI 1.82, 3.52), and hair loss/alopecia (RR 2.38; 95% CI 1.69, 3.33). This evidence synthesis, of 50 controlled studies with a cumulative participant count exceeding 14 million people, highlights a significant risk of diverse long-term symptoms in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, especially among those who were hospitalised.}, }
@article {pmid40334268, year = {2025}, author = {Chong, RLK and Chan, ASE and Chua, CMS and Lai, YF}, title = {Telehealth Interventions in Pharmacy Practice: Systematic Review of Reviews and Recommendations.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e57129}, doi = {10.2196/57129}, pmid = {40334268}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {*Telemedicine ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Pharmaceutical Services/organization &amp; administration ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pharmaceutical care has expanded, with telehealth playing a key role, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite global growth, existing reviews focus on specific settings or conditions, highlighting the need for broader research on public health topics and comparative studies to evaluate the effectiveness, preferences, and cost of telehealth interventions in pharmacy practice.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to unify existing literature on the impact of telehealth on future pharmacy practice and to analyze those already implemented in current pharmacy practice, with the objective of providing recommendations.<br><br>METHODS: The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework was used to guide this review. In total, 4 databases were searched for relevant studies: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Title, abstract, and full-text screening was performed, and 18 reviews met the selection criteria. The search period was from August 1, 2012, to December 22, 2024. The quality of the reviews was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale and a GRADE-CERQual scale.<br><br>RESULTS: Based on the identified reviews, telehealth interventions were categorized into teleconsultation, telemonitoring, telecollaboration, and telesupport. Teleconsultation was the most frequently used. Telephones were most common in teleconsultations and telemonitoring, while mobile, web, or computer applications were most frequent in telesupport. A combination of methods was most used to facilitate telecollaboration, such as telephone, fax, electronic messaging, shared electronic records, and videoconferencing. The identified reviews were evaluated by health outcomes, hospital readmission rates, patient safety, adherence, satisfaction, pharmacist shortage, and quality and access to care. The use of telehealth in pharmacy has generally seen an improvement in overall outcomes compared to traditional pharmacy practice. Our results show a strong push to integrate telehealth into future pharmacy practice, with the United States leading the way in adoption, demonstrating increased care access, quality, and patient safety. In Singapore, telephone consultations have been commonly used in hospitals, though community settings lack widespread adoption. However, the growing digital literacy of older adults and innovations like chatbots and telemonitoring present opportunities to expand telehealth services. To align with this shift, pharmacy education should invest in enhancing formative training by incorporating telehealth training, ensuring future pharmacists are prepared for this evolving practice, applicable to regions with similar contexts.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Telehealth has shown promise in improving overall outcomes in pharmacy practice. While many countries have made strides, particularly in hospital settings, there remains an opportunity for greater adoption in community health care, driven by innovations like telemonitoring and digital literacy among older adults. The findings from this study can be used to inform future implementation of telehealth interventions in pharmacy in Singapore and other regions or cities with similar contexts.}, }
@article {pmid40333653, year = {2025}, author = {Checconi, P and Mariconda, A and Catalano, A and Ceramella, J and Pellegrino, M and Aquaro, S and Sinicropi, MS and Longo, P}, title = {Searching for New Gold(I)-Based Complexes as Anticancer and/or Antiviral Agents.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {30}, number = {8}, pages = {}, pmid = {40333653}, issn = {1420-3049}, mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; *Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Gold/chemistry ; *Coordination Complexes/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Methane/analogs &amp; derivatives/chemistry ; Heterocyclic Compounds/chemistry ; Animals ; }, abstract = {Approaches capable of simultaneously treating cancer and protecting susceptible patients from lethal infections are highly desirable, although they prove challenging. Taking inspiration from the well-known anticancer platinum complexes, successive studies about the complexation of organic compounds with other late transition metals, such as silver, gold, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium, have led to remarkable anticancer activities. Among the numerous chemical moieties studied, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have revealed very attractive activities due to their favorable chemical properties. Specifically, gold-NHC complexes emerged as some of the most active complexes acting as antitumor agents. On the other hand, some recent studies have highlighted the involvement of these complexes in antiviral research as well. The well-known gold-based, orally available complex auranofin approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has been suggested as a repositioned drug for both cancer and viral infections. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, the most interesting goal could be the discovery of gold-NHC complexes as dual antiviral and anticancer agents. In this review, the most recent studies regarding the anticancer and antiviral activities of gold(I)-NHC complexes will be analyzed and discussed, offering an interesting insight into the research in this field.}, }
@article {pmid40333633, year = {2025}, author = {Ronca, DB and Mesquita, LO and Oliveira, D and Figueiredo, ACMG and Wen, J and Song, M and de Carvalho, KMB}, title = {Excess weight is associated with neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms in post-COVID-19 condition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {5}, pages = {e0314892}, pmid = {40333633}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology ; *Obesity/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Nervous System Diseases/etiology ; *Overweight/complications ; Risk Factors ; *Mental Disorders/etiology ; Depression ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Excess weight has been identified as a potential risk factor for post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether excess weight is associated with the development or experience of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms in PCC.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of eight databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, VHL, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and medRxiv) for studies published up to July 2023. Studies were included if they assessed PCC symptoms in relation to nutritional status, specifically the development of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms more than 12 weeks post-infection. The analysis compared exposure and controls groups (excess weight vs. normal weight; obesity vs. non-obesity). Data were synthesized using a random-effects model.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 10,122 abstracts screened, 18 studies (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;139,091 adults) were included. These studies included 79,050 individuals with excess weight vs 57,926 normal-weight individuals and 30,694 individuals with obesity vs 107,612 non-obese individuals. The presence of excess weight in PCC was significantly associated with persistent depression (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.21; 95% CI: 1.03-1.42), headache (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.23; 95% CI: 1.10-1.37), memory issues (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.43; 95% CI: 1.24-1.65), sleep disturbance (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.31; 95% CI: 1.16-1.48), and vertigo (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.21; 95% CI: 1.04-1.41). Obesity was significantly associated with persistent headache (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.45; 95% CI: 1.37-1.53), numbness (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.61; 95% CI: 1.46-1.78), smell disorder (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.16; 95% CI: 1.11-1.22), taste disorder (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.22; 95% CI: 1.08-1.38), and vertigo (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.44; 95% CI: 1.35-1.53).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Excess weight, including overweight and obesity, is associated with experiencing neuro-symptoms related to PCC. Individuals with these conditions urgently need enhanced personalized care management in current post-pandemic context.}, }
@article {pmid40333566, year = {2025}, author = {Davis, MD}, title = {2024 Year in Review: Fugitive Aerosols-Keeping the Air Clear for Patients and Staff.}, journal = {Respiratory care}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1089/respcare.12933}, pmid = {40333566}, issn = {1943-3654}, abstract = {Although concerns about and precautions to prevent transmission of diseases through the air have existed since Hippocrates, renewed interest in risks and prevention strategies grew significantly since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This altered respiratory care practice globally owing to concerns that some respiratory care procedures may generate or disperse aerosols that could spread pathogens. A paucity of evidence, as well as a lack of general consensus, existed at the pandemic onset to determine the associated risks of these procedures and best practices for mitigating those risks. This is a review of key peer-reviewed manuscripts from 2023 to 2024 discussing aerosol generation and dispersion from respiratory care procedures, as well as the mitigation of associated risks. A brief discussion of different forms of aerosols, and the risks associated with each, is also included.}, }
@article {pmid40333520, year = {2025}, author = {Uwamahoro, H and Collier, WE and Nashar, TO and Jaynes, JM and Mortley, DG and Davis, CG and Kanyairita, GG and Abdelazim, EF and Igiramaboko, JFR and Habineza, C and Tumushimiyimana, D and Rutayisire, UN and Davis, YA and Renard, KL}, title = {Natural and Designed Cyclic Peptides as Potential Antiviral Drugs to Combat Future Coronavirus Outbreaks.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {30}, number = {8}, pages = {}, pmid = {40333520}, issn = {1420-3049}, support = {2U54MD007585-34A34/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; 5454MD007585//Tuskegee University Center for Biomedical Research/RCMI/ ; }, mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry ; Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Peptides, Cyclic/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Animals ; COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for effective and affordable antiviral drugs. Anthropogenic activities have increased interactions among humans, animals, and wildlife, contributing to the emergence of new and re-emerging viral diseases. RNA viruses pose significant challenges due to their rapid mutation rates, high transmissibility, and ability to adapt to host immune responses and antiviral treatments. The World Health Organization has identified several diseases (COVID-19, Ebola, Marburg, Zika, and others), all caused by RNA viruses, designated as being of priority concern as potential causes of future pandemics. Despite advances in antiviral treatments, many viruses lack specific therapeutic options, and more importantly, there is a paucity of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. Additionally, the high costs of current treatments such as Remdesivir and Paxlovid highlight the need for more affordable antiviral drugs. Cyclic peptides from natural sources or designed through molecular modeling have shown promise as antiviral drugs with stability, low toxicity, high target specificity, and low antiviral resistance properties. This review emphasizes the urgent need to develop specific and broad-spectrum antiviral drugs and highlights cyclic peptides as a sustainable solution to combat future pandemics. Further research into these compounds could provide a new weapon to combat RNA viruses and address the gaps in current antiviral drug development.}, }
@article {pmid40333344, year = {2025}, author = {Huang, Y and Li, S and Ye, W and Wang, H and Su, J and Gao, L and Shi, R and Mou, X and Leng, SX and Xiao, C and Chen, G}, title = {Viral Infections in Elderly Individuals: A Comprehensive Overview of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Susceptibility, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Treatment Strategies.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40333344}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {2023YFE0118700//the Key R&amp;D Program Key Special Projects for International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation between Governments/ ; }, abstract = {As age increases, the immune function of elderly individuals gradually decreases, increasing their susceptibility to infectious diseases. Therefore, further research on common viral infections in the elderly population, especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses, is crucial for scientific progress. This review delves into the genetic structure, infection mechanisms, and impact of coinfections with these two viruses and provides a detailed analysis of the reasons for the increased susceptibility of elderly individuals to dual viral infections. We evaluated the clinical manifestations in elderly individuals following coinfections, including complications in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Ultimately, we have summarized the current strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza coinfections in older adults. Through these studies, we aim to reduce the risk of dual infections in elderly individuals and provide a scientific basis for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of age-related viral diseases, thereby improving their health status.}, }
@article {pmid40333310, year = {2025}, author = {Kumar, P and Ray, A and Kumari, A and Sultana, A and Hora, R and Singh, K and Mehra, R and Kaur, A and Koshal, SS and Quadri, SF and Singh, SK and Roy, AD}, title = {Chronicling the Journey of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in India.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40333310}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {INV-030655/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Globally, pneumonia claims the lives of about 700,000 children under the age of 5 every year. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced in India phase-wise, beginning in high-burden states, and the rollout was completed nationwide by 2021-representing a major initiative by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW). Despite the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the campaign succeeded in maintaining progress and achieving nationwide coverage. This narrative review highlights the significant decisions, processes, and coordinated efforts of the various stakeholders involved that led to this successful PCV rollout.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: A comprehensive desk review of both published and unpublished literature relevant to pneumonia burden and the efficacy and effectiveness of PCVs, along with documentation of PCV introduction and the scale-up was carried out.<br><br>RESULTS: The documentation of the PCV journey has been broken down into four sections: pre-introduction, PCV Phase-I introduction, pan-India rapid expansion, and the period post-introduction. Since the nationwide rollout in 2021, PCV coverage in India has steadily increased, reflecting successful immunization efforts. WUENIC, which is an annual WHO, and UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage also show a positive trend in vaccination coverage (PCV booster coverage = 25% (2021), rising to 83% (2023), aligning with the goals of the WHO and UNICEF's Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea (GAPPD).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The phased rollout was an ambitious effort by the MoHFW, which was particularly challenging given the overlap with the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these hurdles, the MoHFW, along with strong collaboration from development partners and stakeholders, successfully navigated the complex rollout. Future studies on the role of PCVs in reducing antibiotic resistance and the economic benefits of PCV introduction could help policymakers sustain funding and prioritize vaccine procurement decisions.}, }
@article {pmid40333307, year = {2025}, author = {Murala, MST and Gairola, V and Sayedahmed, EE and Mittal, SK}, title = {Next-Generation Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccines for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40333307}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {AI158177/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {This review systematically revises adenovirus (Ad) biology, vector structure, immune responses, and currently available Ad vector COVID-19 vaccines. It analyzes the challenges associated with the Ad vector-based vaccines, including preexisting vector immunity and other side effects. Moreover, this review explores novel and innovative strategies to overcome these constraints for developing next-generation vaccines for broad protection to cover emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. The future refinement of Ad vaccine platforms will be pivotal in achieving durable immunity against emerging variants for global preparedness.}, }
@article {pmid40333293, year = {2025}, author = {Saha, A and Ghosh Roy, S and Dwivedi, R and Tripathi, P and Kumar, K and Nambiar, SM and Pathak, R}, title = {Beyond the Pandemic Era: Recent Advances and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against Emerging Variants of Concern.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40333293}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Vaccination has been instrumental in curbing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and mitigating the severity of clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19. Numerous COVID-19 vaccines have been developed to this effect, including BioNTech-Pfizer and Moderna's mRNA vaccines, as well as adenovirus vector-based vaccines such as Oxford-AstraZeneca. However, the emergence of new variants and subvariants of SARS-CoV-2, characterized by enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion, poses significant challenges to the efficacy of current vaccination strategies. In this review, we aim to comprehensively outline the landscape of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and sub-lineages that have recently surfaced in the post-pandemic years. We assess the effectiveness of existing vaccines, including their booster doses, against these emerging variants and subvariants, such as BA.2-derived sub-lineages, XBB sub-lineages, and BA.2.86 (Pirola). Furthermore, we discuss the latest advancements in vaccine technology, including multivalent and pan-coronavirus approaches, along with the development of several next-generation coronavirus vaccines, such as exosome-based, virus-like particle (VLP), mucosal, and nanomaterial-based vaccines. Finally, we highlight the key challenges and critical areas for future research to address the evolving threat of SARS-CoV-2 subvariants and to develop strategies for combating the emergence of new viral threats, thereby improving preparedness for future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid40333251, year = {2025}, author = {Paczkowska, A and Hoffmann, K and Andrzejczak, A and Pucek, WF and Kopciuch, D and Bryl, W and Nowakowska, E and Kus, K}, title = {The Application of mRNA Technology for Vaccine Production-Current State of Knowledge.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40333251}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Over the past 20 years, intensive research has been conducted on the development of therapeutic mRNA, leading to numerous discoveries that have enabled its use in therapy. The main achievements in this field include increasing mRNA stability, reducing its immunogenicity (i.e., its ability to trigger an immune response), and solving the challenge of delivering mRNA into cells-all to achieve a therapeutic effect. The aim of this study was to review the scientific literature on the use of mRNA technology in the production of vaccines. Various methods of applying mRNA technology that could potentially be introduced into clinical practice in the future are described. A detailed analysis was conducted on the approved COVID-19 vaccines developed by Pfizer/BioNTech (New York, NY, USA) and Moderna (Kirkland, QC, Canada), as their introduction marked a groundbreaking moment in the advancement of mRNA technology. This study was based on the latest scientific literature from reputable publishers and medical databases such as PubMed and ClinicalTrials. In conclusion, mRNA technology is currently experiencing rapid development, significantly driven by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The application of this technology holds great potential not only for vaccines against infectious diseases but also for cancer treatment. However, further research is necessary to facilitate its broader clinical implementation.}, }
@article {pmid40333241, year = {2025}, author = {Boikos, C and Schaible, K and Nunez-Gonzalez, S and Welch, V and Hu, T and Kyaw, MH and Choi, LE and Kamar, J and Goebe, H and McLaughlin, J}, title = {Co-Administration of BNT162b2 COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccines in Adults: A Global Systematic Review.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40333241}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {N/A//This research was sponsored by Pfizer/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Co-administration of BNT162b2 with licensed seasonal influenza vaccines (SIVs) is recommended by health authorities. We provide a comprehensive summary of the data supporting this practice in adults.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review consolidates available evidence on the prevalence, safety, immunogenicity, efficacy, and effectiveness of co-administering BNT162b2 and SIVs. Searches were conducted for English studies in adults &#x2265; 18 years of age between January 2021 and August 2024, with no geographic restriction. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2.0 and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty studies (15 observational and 5 clinical trials) were included, mainly conducted in seven countries in Europe and North America. Eight observational studies reported prevalence, twelve reported safety/reactogenicity, six reported immunogenicity, and three evaluated efficacy/effectiveness. Reported co-administration of BNT162b2 vaccines with SIVs increased over time. Of persons receiving BNT162b2, the proportion that reported co-administered SIVs increased from 2.7% in 2021 to 34.1% in 2023. Although variability in outcomes was observed, no consistent pattern indicating a negative impact on immunogenicity from same-day co-administration was identified. Effectiveness was not observed to change when BNT162B2 was co-administered with SIVs. The incidence of systemic and local adverse events was comparable between individuals receiving the vaccines separately and those receiving them co-administered.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this review indicate that the co-administration of BNT162B2 with SIVs is both safe and effective. This highlights the value of co-administration, which could enhance vaccine uptake by streamlining immunization protocols and reducing health visits.}, }
@article {pmid40333234, year = {2025}, author = {Fatima, M and Hong, KJ}, title = {Innovations, Challenges, and Future Prospects for Combination Vaccines Against Human Infections.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40333234}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {RS-2024-00331833//Ministry of Food and Drug Safety/ ; }, abstract = {Combination vaccines provide the versatile benefits of addressing different pathogens simultaneously using a combined formulation. This approach can be regarded as a substantial modernization in immunization. In this review, we highlight various advancements in combination vaccines based on mRNA, viral vectors, live attenuated, and recombinant vaccines. Recent success in clinical trials of mRNA platforms for combination vaccines has particularly accelerated research in this direction. The advantages of combination vaccines in terms of patient adherence, cost effectiveness, and streamlined immunization schedule are discussed. The existing challenges of antigenic interference, logistical hurdles, and the complications of regulatory standards are analyzed. Research trends to make combination vaccines viable for emerging infections have been summarized. The current work provides a critical overview, the existing opportunities, and the future prospects of combination vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid40333208, year = {2025}, author = {Mulleners, SJ and Juncker, HG and Zuiderveld, J and Ziesemer, KA and van Goudoever, JB and van Keulen, BJ}, title = {Safety and Efficacy of Vaccination During Lactation: A Comprehensive Review of Vaccines for Maternal and Infant Health Utilizing a Large Language Model Citation Screening System.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40333208}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Newborns are born with an immature immune system, making them susceptible to infections early in life. Human milk provides essential nutrients and immunological factors that support infant immunity. Maternal vaccination during lactation has the potential to enhance these benefits by triggering an immune response in the mother, potentially extending protection to her child. However, lactating individuals are often excluded from vaccine trials, leading to uncertainties about vaccine safety and efficacy during the postpartum period. This study critically evaluates the effectiveness of vaccines in enhancing the immune-supporting properties of human milk and assesses their safety and efficacy for lactating mothers and their infants. By examining potential benefits alongside safety concerns, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of postpartum vaccination's impact on maternal and infant health. We utilized large-language models (LLMs) to enhance the review process and performed a structured literature search across Ovid/Medline, Embase, and Clarivate Analytics using terms like "breastfeeding", "postpartum", and "vaccination". A three-stage screening process involving human and LLM-assisted evaluation focused on postpartum vaccines and their implications for maternal and infant health. We identified 73 studies covering vaccines against COVID-19, cholera, influenza, pertussis, pneumococcal, rabies, polio, rotavirus, rubella, varicella, typhoid, smallpox, and yellow fever. Most vaccines, such as those for COVID-19 and influenza, appear safe and effective for postpartum use without requiring precautionary measures. However, caution is advised with vaccines such as the yellow fever vaccine, where temporary breastfeeding cessation is recommended. Overall, this review underscores the compatibility of most vaccines with lactation and suggests its benefits for both mother and infant.}, }
@article {pmid40333142, year = {2025}, author = {Astroth, C and Shah, KS and Agrawal, S and Agrawal, A}, title = {Weathering the Storm: How Age and Biologics Influence the COVID-19 Cytokine Surge.}, journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40333142}, issn = {2076-0817}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *Biological Products/therapeutic use ; *Cytokines/immunology ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Age Factors ; Aged ; *Aging/immunology ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, first identified in December 2019, caused a global pandemic, resulting in over 6.8 million deaths by March 2023. The elderly, or individuals over 65, accounted for the majority of COVID-19 deaths, with 81% of fatalities in the US in 2020 occurring in this group. Beyond mortality, aging populations are also at higher risk of long-term cardiovascular complications and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although these outcomes may be influenced by comorbidities common in the elderly, age has been found to be a standalone risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection. Therefore, investigating age-related factors in COVID-19 outcomes is crucial in protecting this vulnerable group. Of particular interest is the cytokine storm phenomenon, an excessive inflammatory response that contributes to severe COVID-19 symptoms, including ARDS and cardiovascular damage. Elevated levels of multiple cytokines are common in severe cases of COVID-19. We propose that changes that occur to cytokine profiles as we age may contribute to these aberrant inflammatory responses. This review specifically explored the interleukin class cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 and considered the potential of biologics targeting these cytokines to alleviate severe outcomes in both COVID-19 and aging individuals.}, }
@article {pmid40333091, year = {2025}, author = {Jarneborn, A and Kopparapu, PK and Jin, T}, title = {The Dual-Edged Sword: Risks and Benefits of JAK Inhibitors in Infections.}, journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40333091}, issn = {2076-0817}, support = {ALFGBG-823941 and ALFGBG-933787 to T.J.; ALFGBG-770411 to A.J.//Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish Government and the county councils, the ALF agreement/ ; 523-2013-2750 and 2019-01135 to T.J.//Swedish Medical Research Council/ ; 2023-419 to A.J, 2021-283 to PKK//Rune och Ulla Aml&#xf6;vs Stiftelse f&#xf6;r Neurologisk och Reumatologisk Forskning/ ; SU-984331 and SU-998149 to A.J., SU-984446 to PKK.//Sahlgrenska University Hospitals Research Foundations/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Janus Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Animals ; Piperidines/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Pyrimidines/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Purines/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/immunology ; Mice ; Azetidines/therapeutic use ; Pyrazoles ; Sulfonamides ; }, abstract = {Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) represent a relatively new class of immunomodulatory drugs with potent effects on various cytokine signalling pathways. They have revolutionized the treatment landscape for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. However, their ability to modulate immune responses presents a dual-edged nature, influencing both protective immunity and pathological inflammation. This review explores the complex role of JAKis in infectious settings, highlighting both beneficial and detrimental effects. On the one hand, experimental models suggest that JAK inhibition can impair host defence mechanisms, increasing susceptibility to certain bacterial and viral infections. For example, tofacitinib-treated mice exhibited more severe joint erosions in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) septic arthritis and showed impaired viral clearance in herpes simplex encephalitis. Additionally, clinical data confirm an increased risk of herpes zoster in patients receiving JAKis, underscoring the need for rigorous monitoring. On the other hand, JAK inhibition has demonstrated protective effects in certain infectious and hyperinflammatory conditions. In sepsis models, including cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and S. aureus bacteraemia, tofacitinib improved survival by attenuating excessive inflammation. Furthermore, JAKis, particularly baricitinib, have shown substantial efficacy in mitigating cytokine storms during severe COVID-19 infections, leading to improved clinical outcomes and reduced mortality. These observations suggest that JAKis have a role in modulating hyperinflammatory responses in select infectious contexts. In conclusion, JAKis present a complex interplay between immunosuppression and immunomodulation. While they increase the risk of certain infections, they also show potential in managing hyperinflammatory conditions such as cytokine storms. The key challenge is determining which patients and situations benefit most from JAKis while minimizing risks, requiring a careful and personalized treatment approach.}, }
@article {pmid40332501, year = {2025}, author = {Verbeeck Mendez, S and Do Orozco, IL and Gavilanez-Chavez, GE and Nava-Zavala, AH and Zavala-Cerna, MG}, title = {Challenges and Opportunities for Post-COVID Pulmonary Disease: A Focused Review of Immunomodulation.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {8}, pages = {}, pmid = {40332501}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology ; *Immunomodulation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Immunomodulating Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use ; *Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy/immunology/etiology ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy/immunology ; }, abstract = {The resolution of the recent COVID-19 pandemic still requires attention, since the consequences of having suffered the infection, even in mild cases, are associated with several acute and chronic pathological conditions referred to as post-COVID syndrome (PCS). PCS often manifests with pulmonary disease and, in up to 9% of cases, a more serious complication known as post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PC19-PF), which has a similar clinical course as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Generating knowledge to provide robust evidence about the clinical benefits of different therapeutic strategies to treat the pulmonary effects of PCS can provide new insights to amplify therapeutic options for these patients. We present evidence found after a scoping review, following extended PRIMSA guidelines, for the use of immunomodulators in pulmonary PCS. We start with a brief description of the immunomodulatory properties of the relevant drugs, their clinically proven efficacy for viral infections and chronic inflammatory conditions, and their use during the COVID-19 pandemic. We emphasize the need for well-designed clinical trials to improve our understanding the physiopathology of pulmonary PCS and PC19-PF and also to determine the efficacy and safety of candidate treatments.}, }
@article {pmid40330766, year = {2025}, author = {Khoshsirat, S and Soleimanpour, H and Rezaei-Hachesu, P}, title = {Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) of Implementing Teleconsultation: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Health science reports}, volume = {8}, number = {5}, pages = {e70645}, pmid = {40330766}, issn = {2398-8835}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the traditional models of providing services in health systems. One of the recommended ways to provide healthcare services in this era is teleconsultation. This study aimed to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOTs) of teleconsultation from the general practitioner's point of view and to implement it in the COVID-19 era.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by searching online databases, including the PubMed, Scopus, and WOS databases, from the beginning to January 1, 2024, without restrictions and using relevant keywords. All studies that mentioned at least one of the areas of strength, weakness, opportunities, or threats related to teleconsultation were included in the study. We used content analysis to combine the results.<br><br>RESULTS: Ultimately, 32 studies were included in this review. The most important factors were determined in four domains. Strengths included ease of use of technology, reduction of time and cost, and facilitating documentation. Weaknesses included a lack of physical exams, less direct communication, and internet-related problems. The opportunities included the increasing progress of medical technologies worldwide, continuity of care, and people's interest in the daily use of new technologies. Threats included sociocultural barriers, the need for continuous training, and competing interests.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Examining internal and external factors is important for formulating a plan. Identifying these factors and using them can lead to the formulation of effective and efficient programs in the field of teleconsultation for general practitioners in the era of COVID-19. Without paying attention to these issues, adopting appropriate plans to minimize weaknesses and threats, and effectively using strengths and opportunities to implement telemedicine projects, there is a possibility of failure and waste of time, effort, and credit in the health sector.}, }
@article {pmid40330746, year = {2025}, author = {Kovačić Petrović, Z and Peraica, T and Blažev, M and Barac Furtinger, V and Kozarić-Kovačić, D}, title = {Depression and Anxiety Among Dentists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Health science reports}, volume = {8}, number = {5}, pages = {e70786}, pmid = {40330746}, issn = {2398-8835}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many studies investigated the prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety among dentists. This systematic review aimed to determine: (i) the prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety symptoms, (ii) the prevalence rates of depression and anxiety before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (iii) gender difference in prevalence of depression and anxiety among dentists.<br><br>METHODS: Eligible articles on depression and anxiety in dentists were systematically searched for in PubMed and Scopus databases from September 2023 to October 2023 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol. We assessed the methodological quality of the studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment checklist adapted for cross-sectional studies. Statistical heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and I [2] statistic. The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety were calculated using the random-effect model with the Restricted Maximum-Likelihood estimator. Of 3762 searched articles, 33 articles were analyzed.<br><br>RESULTS: The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety symptoms among dentists were 42% and 44%, respectively. The prevalence rates of mild, moderate, and severe or extremely severe depression were 20%, 18%, and 8%, respectively. For mild, moderate, and severe or extremely severe anxiety, the respective prevalence rates were 21%, 18%, and 11%. We did not find evidence to suggest differences in depression or anxiety prevalence rates between the periods before and during COVID-19. In comparison with men, women showed approximately 27% higher risk of experiencing depression and 24% higher risk of experiencing anxiety.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Equally high levels of depression and anxiety in dentists were found both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant percentage of moderate to severe depression and anxiety. Female dentists reported a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms than their male colleagues.}, }
@article {pmid40330066, year = {2025}, author = {Doroud, D and Daneshi, M and Kazemi-Lomedash, F and Eftekhari, Z}, title = {Comprehensive review of preclinical evaluation strategies for COVID-19 vaccine candidates: assessing immunogenicity, toxicology, and safety profiles.}, journal = {Iranian journal of microbiology}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {1-18}, pmid = {40330066}, issn = {2008-3289}, abstract = {Following the worldwide spread of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is a vital requirement for safe and effective vaccines against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, several vaccine-candidate platforms have been designed, tested, and developed. Based on guidelines, preclinical studies are recommended to assess the safety and potency of COVID-19 vaccines in appropriate in vitro and in vivo settings. These studies provide essential information to describe the potential toxic properties of a vaccine and the formulation of vaccine agents during the preclinical trial phase. In toxicology studies, several factors must be considered, such as the appropriate animal species and strains, dosing timetable, mode of administration, time of sampling for biochemistry and antibody evaluation, and necropsy. Pharmacokinetic/ biodistribution studies are not usually required for infectious disease prophylaxis vaccines unless the vaccine contains a novel substance. Evaluating their biodistribution is crucial for newly developed vaccines, such as lipid nanoparticles -messenger RNA (LNP-mRNA), DNA, and Viral vectors in non-replicated (VVnr), or recombinant virus vaccines. The review highlights the importance of preclinical studies in assessing the safety and efficacy of vaccine candidates. This guidance is essential for researchers and manufacturers to design effective vaccines that can progress to clinical trials safely.}, }
@article {pmid40330025, year = {2025}, author = {Smail, SW and Albarzinji, N and Salih, RH and Taha, KO and Hirmiz, SM and Ismael, HM and Noori, MF and Azeez, SS and Janson, C}, title = {Microbiome dysbiosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection: implication for pathophysiology and management strategies of COVID-19.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1537456}, pmid = {40330025}, issn = {2235-2988}, mesh = {Humans ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology/therapy ; *COVID-19/microbiology/physiopathology/therapy/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; }, abstract = {The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in late 2019 initiated a global health crisis marked by widespread infection, significant mortality, and long-term health implications. While SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the respiratory system, recent findings indicate that it also significantly disrupts the human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiota, contributing to disease severity, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections and chronic conditions. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, exacerbates the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 and has been linked to long-COVID, a condition affecting a significant proportion of survivors and manifesting with over 200 symptoms across multiple organ systems. Despite the growing recognition of microbiome alterations in COVID-19, the precise mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the microbiome and influences disease progression remain poorly understood. This narrative review investigates the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on host-microbiota dynamics and evaluates its implications in disease severity and for developing personalized therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Furthermore, it highlights the dual role of the microbiome in modulating disease progression, and as a promising target for advancing diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches in managing COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40328900, year = {2025}, author = {Chen, B and Farzan, M and Choe, H}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: structure, viral entry and variants.}, journal = {Nature reviews. Microbiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40328900}, issn = {1740-1534}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a devastating global pandemic for 4 years and is now an endemic disease. With the emergence of new viral variants, COVID-19 is a continuing threat to public health despite the wide availability of vaccines. The virus-encoded trimeric spike protein (S protein) mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells and also induces strong immune responses, making it an important target for development of therapeutics and vaccines. In this Review, we summarize our latest understanding of the structure and function of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, the molecular mechanism of viral entry and the emergence of new variants, and we discuss their implications for development of S protein-related intervention strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40327249, year = {2025}, author = {Li, JY and Jiang, RY and Wang, J and Wang, XJ}, title = {Advances in mRNA vaccine therapy for breast cancer research.}, journal = {Discover oncology}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {673}, pmid = {40327249}, issn = {2730-6011}, support = {TGD23H160004//Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China/ ; }, abstract = {Breast cancer represents the most prevalent cancer among women globally, constituting approximately 30% of newly diagnosed female malignancies and serving as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality, accounting for 11.6% of deaths. Despite notable advancements in survival rates and quality of life for breast cancer patients over recent decades-achieved through interventions such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy-there remains an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. This necessity arises from challenges associated with recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines at an unprecedented pace, and as a novel form of precision immunotherapy, mRNA vaccines are increasingly being recognized for their potential in cancer treatment. mRNA vaccines efficiently produce antigens within the cytoplasm, specifically activating the immune system to target tumor cells while minimizing the risk of T-cell tolerance. Therefore, mRNA vaccines have emerged as a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. This review systematically examines the principles, mechanisms, advantages, key targets, and recent progress in mRNA vaccine therapy for breast cancer. Furthermore, it discusses current challenges and suggests potential directions for future research.}, }
@article {pmid40327103, year = {2025}, author = {Bereczki, D and Dénes, &#xc1; and Boneschi, FM and Akhvlediani, T and Cavallieri, F and Fanciulli, A and Filipović, SR and Guekht, A and Helbok, R and Hochmeister, S and von Oertzen, TJ and Özturk, S and Priori, A and Rakusa, M and Willekens, B and Moro, E and Sellner, J and , }, title = {Need for awareness and surveillance of long-term post-COVID neurodegenerative disorders. A position paper from the neuroCOVID-19 task force of the European Academy of Neurology.}, journal = {Journal of neurology}, volume = {272}, number = {6}, pages = {380}, pmid = {40327103}, issn = {1432-1459}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *Neurodegenerative Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/pathology ; Europe/epidemiology ; Neurology/standards ; Advisory Committees ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Neuropathological and clinical studies suggest that infection with SARS-CoV-2 may increase the long-term risk of neurodegeneration.<br><br>METHODS: We provide a narrative overview of pathological and clinical observations justifying the implementation of a surveillance program to monitor changes in the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders in the years after COVID-19.<br><br>RESULTS: Autopsy studies revealed diverse changes in the brain, including loss of vascular integrity, microthromboses, gliosis, demyelination, and neuronal- and glial injury and cell death, in both unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals irrespective of the severity of COVID-19. Recent data suggest that microglia play an important role in sustained COVID-19-related inflammation, which contributes to the etiology initiating a neurodegenerative cascade, to the worsening of pre-existing neurodegenerative disease or to the acceleration of neurodegenerative processes. Histopathological data have been supported by neuroimaging, and epidemiological studies also suggested a higher risk for neurodegenerative diseases after COVID-19.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Due to the high prevalence of COVID-19 during the pandemic, healthcare systems should be aware of, and be prepared for a potential increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in the upcoming years. Strategies may include follow-up of well-described cohorts, analyses of outcomes in COVID-19-registries, nationwide surveillance programs using record-linkage of ICD-10 diagnoses, and comparing the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders in the post-pandemic periods to values of the pre-pandemic years. Awareness and active surveillance are particularly needed, because diverse clinical manifestations due to earlier SARS-CoV-2 infections may no longer be quoted as post-COVID-19 symptoms, and hence, increasing incidence of neurodegenerative pathologies at the community level may remain unnoticed.}, }
@article {pmid40326310, year = {2025}, author = {El-Naas, A and Hamad, O and Nair, S and Alfakhri, B and Mahmoud, S and Haji, A and Ahmed, L and Lebbe, A and Aboulwafa, A and Shaikh, F and Bouhali, I and Zakaria, D}, title = {New Onset of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Emerging microbes &amp; infections}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {2492211}, doi = {10.1080/22221751.2025.2492211}, pmid = {40326310}, issn = {2222-1751}, abstract = {AbstractCOVID-19 may primarily cause respiratory symptoms but can lead to long-term effects known as long COVID. COVID-19-induced diabetes mellitus was reported in many patients which shares characteristics of types 1 and 2 (T1DM and T2DM). This study aims to identify and analyze the reported cases of new onset diabetes post-COVID-19 infection. Several databases were used to conduct a comprehensive literature search to target studies reporting cases of T1DM or T2DM post-COVID-19 infection. Screening, data extraction, and cross checking were performed by two independent reviewers. Only 43 studies met our inclusion criteria. Our results revealed that the overall prevalence of new onset diabetes post-COVID-19 was 1.37% with higher prevalence for T2DM (0.84%) as compared to T1DM (0.017%) while the type of diabetes was not reported in 0.51% of the cases. Several risk factors for developing diabetes post-COVID-19 infection were identified including the type of SARS-CoV-2 variant, age, comorbidities and the vaccination status. The direct viral attack of the pancreatic beta cells as well as inflammation and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroids were proposed as possible mechanisms of the COVID-19 induced diabetes. A multidisciplinary approach involving endocrinologists, primary care physicians, and infectious disease specialists should be implemented in the management of post-COVID patients to address both the acute and long-term complications, including metabolic changes and risk of diabetes.}, }
@article {pmid40325547, year = {2025}, author = {Srikumar, G and Finlayson, C and Bissett, I and Harmston, C}, title = {Remote Follow-Up After Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {ANZ journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ans.70141}, pmid = {40325547}, issn = {1445-2197}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Remote consultations are increasingly being utilized in colorectal cancer follow-up, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, with benefits continuing beyond the pandemic. It is not clear how remote modalities affect patient satisfaction, quality of life (QoL) and safety of colorectal cancer follow-up.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of remote follow-up on patient satisfaction, QoL, clinician satisfaction, adherence to investigations, readmission rates, recurrence rates, and mortality rates for colorectal cancer.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was performed using three electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, along with grey literature. Eligible studies included remote techniques such as telephone, video, or patient-initiated follow-up (PIFU) compared with standard face-to-face follow-up in patients who have undergone colorectal cancer resection. Two independent reviewers screened studies and assessed the risk of bias.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 4417 records were identified with seven studies included. Six studies showed high levels of patient satisfaction in remote follow-up, with two studies showing significantly better satisfaction than standard follow-up. Two studies evaluated QoL, with one showing significantly better QoL in the remote follow-up group than the standard, and the other study showing comparable levels. Safety outcomes were minimally reported, but there were no adverse outcomes. There was at least moderate risk of bias in the four nonrandomized interventions due to confounding from patient selection into intervention groups.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Remote follow-up in colorectal cancer appears to be comparable to face-to-face follow-up with high levels of patient satisfaction and QoL. While adherence to follow-up investigations was not compromised, the evidence on oncological impact is limited, and further studies on mortality and recurrence rates are required to ensure overall safety.}, }
@article {pmid40324776, year = {2025}, author = {Ma, C and Fang, Y and Zhang, H and Zheng, Y and Zhang, Y and Zhao, W and Yan, G and Zeng, Y and Zhang, Y and Ning, X and Jia, Z and Guo, N}, title = {Nurse-Delivered Telehealth in Home-Based Palliative Care: Integrative Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e73024}, doi = {10.2196/73024}, pmid = {40324776}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {*Telemedicine/organization &amp; administration ; Humans ; *Palliative Care/methods ; *Home Care Services/organization &amp; administration ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Nurse's Role ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Telehealth technologies can enhance patients' and their families' access to high-quality resources in home-based palliative care. Nurses are deeply involved in delivering telehealth in home-based palliative care. However, no previous integrative systematic reviews have synthesized evidence on nurses' roles, facilitators, and barriers to implementing nurse-delivered telehealth in home-based palliative care.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This integrative systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the roles of nurses and the multilevel facilitators and barriers to implementing nurse-delivered telehealth in home-based palliative care, which could inform future policy development, research, and clinical practice.<br><br>METHODS: This integrative systematic review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. We systematically searched articles published from January 1, 2014, to May 2024 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. We included English-language; peer-reviewed; original; and qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies that centered on nurse-delivered telehealth in home-based palliative care. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to assess the quality of the included articles. Furthermore, 3 authors independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the quality of articles. The entities to extract were identified by research questions of interest regardless of the type of study. We applied a convergent synthesis approach to integrate quantitative and qualitative data. Guided by the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 2.0, we synthesized the facilitators and barriers to implementing nurse-delivered telehealth in home-based palliative care.<br><br>RESULTS: This integrative systematic review identified 4819 unique articles, including 34 papers encompassing 29 unique primary research studies. Innovations were mainly delivered by nurses (n=8) and nurse-involved multiprofessional teams (n=18). The roles of nurses in telehealth home-based palliative care involve palliative care nurses, community nurses, nurse coordinators, nurse coaches or nurse navigators, and nurse case managers. Guided by CFIR 2.0, facilitators and barriers to implementing nurse-delivered, telehealth, home-based palliative care were identified to 6 implementation levels and 20 constructs. The key facilitators included the COVID-19 pandemic, cost avoidance to the health care system, engagement of patients and their family caregivers, and so on. The barriers included a lack of reimbursement and payment mechanisms, technical problems, insufficiently trained health care providers, and so on.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This integrative systematic review synthesizes evidence on nurses' evolving roles in telehealth home-based palliative care and identifies multilevel facilitators and barriers to nurse-delivered, home-based palliative care implementation. With the empowerment of telehealth technologies, nurses could establish a stronger professional identity and develop leadership in home-based palliative care. Nurses should leverage influence to promote nursing practice, clinical management, and policy support in the implementation of telehealth home-based palliative care.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42024541038; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024541038.}, }
@article {pmid40324661, year = {2025}, author = {Raju, V and Reddy, R and Javan, AC and Hajihossainlou, B and Weissleder, R and Guiseppi-Elie, A and Kurabayashi, K and Jones, SA and Faghih, RT}, title = {Tracking inflammation status for improving patient prognosis: A review of current methods, unmet clinical needs and opportunities.}, journal = {Biotechnology advances}, volume = {82}, number = {}, pages = {108592}, doi = {10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108592}, pmid = {40324661}, issn = {1873-1899}, abstract = {Inflammation is the body's response to infection, trauma or injury and is activated in a coordinated fashion to ensure the restoration of tissue homeostasis and healthy physiology. This process requires communication between stromal cells resident to the tissue compartment and infiltrating immune cells which is dysregulated in disease. Clinical innovations in patient diagnosis and stratification include measures of inflammatory activation that support the assessment of patient prognosis and response to therapy. We propose that (i) the recent advances in fast, dynamic monitoring of inflammatory markers (e.g., cytokines) and (ii) data-dependent theoretical and computational modeling of inflammatory marker dynamics will enable the quantification of the inflammatory response, identification of optimal, disease-specific biomarkers and the design of personalized interventions to improve patient outcomes - multidisciplinary efforts in which biomedical engineers may potentially contribute. To illustrate these ideas, we describe the actions of cytokines, acute phase proteins and hormones in the inflammatory response and discuss their role in local wounds, COVID-19, cancer, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and aging, with a central focus on cardiac surgery. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities involved in tracking and modulating inflammation in clinical settings.}, }
@article {pmid40324574, year = {2025}, author = {Li, M and Gu, X and Yang, J and Zhang, C and Zhou, Y and Huang, P and Wang, X and Zhang, L and Jiang, L and Zhai, L and Yu, M and Cheng, G and Yang, L}, title = {Luteolin: A potential therapeutic agent for respiratory diseases.}, journal = {European journal of pharmacology}, volume = {999}, number = {}, pages = {177699}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177699}, pmid = {40324574}, issn = {1879-0712}, abstract = {Acute lung injury, COVID-19, lung cancer, and asthma are a few of the respiratory conditions that are the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The increasing incidence and mortality rates have attracted significant attention to the prevention and treatment of these conditions. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in utilizing naturally derived compounds as therapeutic agents for respiratory diseases. Luteolin (Lut), a flavonoid compound, possesses an extensive range of pharmacological characteristics, encompassing anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antineoplastic, and antimicrobial activities. However, a comprehensive summary of Lut's therapeutic effects and mechanisms in respiratory diseases remains lacking. This review examines the physicochemical properties, toxicity, and avenues of Lut's action in respiratory ailments. Lut exerts therapeutic effects through pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), and pyroptosis, modulating key processes such as the suppression of inflammatory mediators, attenuation of oxidative assault, and induction of apoptosis in lung cancer cells. This review strives to provide critical realizations into respiratory disease therapeutics and contribute to the foundation for drug development.}, }
@article {pmid40322881, year = {2025}, author = {Vieira Junior, JCA and Sander, MRL and Matos, JAO and Medeiros, AM and Silva, FSD and Aires, CAM}, title = {Neurological Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 in Non-Hospitalized Patients: An Integrative Review.}, journal = {Biological research for nursing}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {10998004251335968}, doi = {10.1177/10998004251335968}, pmid = {40322881}, issn = {1552-4175}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the global population. The infection, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents with a variety of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic cases to more severe forms, including a variety of neurological symptoms, such as fatigue, weakness, brain fog, paresthesias, dysautonomia, anosmia, and dysgeusia. Additionally, the disease is associated with the long COVID syndrome, in which there is persistence of the effects and symptoms of the acute phase. In recent years the literature has shown relevant data on long COVID, but there is still a need to deepen the knowledge about these long term manifestations. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the main neurological sequelae resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-hospitalized population during the long phase of the disease, gathering scientific evidence through an integrative review of the prevalence of symptoms, patient profile, duration and severity of sequelae, risk factors, comorbidities, and possible nervous system structural damage. The PubMed/Medline database was used with descriptors and, at the end of the screening process with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 studies were included. A group of neurological symptoms associated with long COVID was identified: myalgia, dysgeusia, memory alterations, olfactory dysfunction, dizziness, and pain. Most patients presented multiple symptoms that lasted for more than one year with a significant impact on quality of life. The main risk factors were dyslipidemia, age, ethnicity, muscle/ joint pain, and sex. This review highlights the importance of further studies on the syndrome, its etiology, diagnosis, follow-up, and treatments.}, }
@article {pmid40322752, year = {2025}, author = {Stanicki, B and Criscione, JX and Shaari, AL and Thompson, K and Galdi, B}, title = {An Analysis of Fencing Injuries in the United States: A 10-Year Database Review.}, journal = {Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {23259671251334774}, pmid = {40322752}, issn = {2325-9671}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fencing has maintained sustained popularity in the United States and internationally. However, there is limited information regarding acute injury patterns among fencing athletes.<br><br>PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of fencing injuries evaluated at emergency departments in the United States from 2013 to 2023 and analyze trends in diagnosis by demographics, mechanism of action, and disposition status.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiological study.<br><br>METHODS: The US Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried in June of 2024 using the product code 3260-Fencing (activity/apparel/equipment). The analysis included descriptive statistics for diagnosis prevalence and demographics, univariate analysis utilizing diagnosis and demographic data, and a text analysis of the narrative descriptions.<br><br>RESULTS: From 2013 to 2023, 129 fencing-related injuries were reported from US emergency departments, representing an NEISS national estimate of 3418 (95% CI, 2200-4636). The most common age group affected was 11 to 15 years (35.7%), followed by 16 to 20 years (29.5%), with a median age of 16 years. Most injured individuals were White (49.65%) and male (56.5%). However, there was an upward trend in injuries among female athletes throughout the study. The most frequent injuries were strains or sprains (26.4%), lacerations (15.5%), fractures (11.6%), and contusions/abrasions (10.9%). Fracture prevalence was higher in females than males (14.4% vs 9.6%; P1 = .04). Males experienced a higher laceration prevalence (21.9% vs 7.1%; P = .02). The most affected body part was the finger (14%), followed by the wrist (8.5%), leg (8.5%), and head (7.8%). Most injuries occurred in sports-specific facilities (70%), followed by personal homes. Regarding disposition, 97.7% of all patients were treated and released. Fencing injuries rose steadily until the COVID-19 pandemic caused a decline, but they have since rebounded.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Fencing injuries decreased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic but have since become more prevalent. Fractures were more prevalent among females, whereas males had a higher prevalence of lacerations. Understanding the epidemiology and nature of fencing injuries can help inform coaches, athletes, and health care providers about potential risks and injury prevention strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40322032, year = {2025}, author = {Zhou, F and Pang, Z and Chen, Z and Hu, K and Luo, J and Huang, S and Qu, Q}, title = {Bibliometric Analysis of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants (NOACS) in the Prevention of Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism.}, journal = {Drug design, development and therapy}, volume = {19}, number = {}, pages = {3589-3610}, pmid = {40322032}, issn = {1177-8881}, mesh = {Humans ; *Pulmonary Embolism/prevention &amp; control ; *Anticoagulants/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; *Bibliometrics ; Administration, Oral ; *Venous Thrombosis/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of cardiovascular-related deaths. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) offer effective therapy without injections or blood monitoring. This bibliometric analysis explores the research on NOACs for preventing VTE and pulmonary embolism.<br><br>METHODS: Literature up to July 20, 2024, was searched in Web of Science Core Collection. Citespace software was used for screening and analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: In this study, we analyzed 2124 articles and 767 reviews from 11,282 institutions across 528 countries and regions, encompassing 830 publications and 60 research directions. The USA led in publication count, followed by Germany and Canada. Cardiovascular System Cardiology, Hematology, and General Internal Medicine were the top research areas, while THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS was the leading journal. From 2004 to 2024, we observed accelerated publication growth, particularly from 2008, highlighting the emergence of NOACs as a major research focus. Key contributors, including Bengt I. Eriksson, and major institutions like Harvard Medical School and University of Amsterdam, played pivotal roles in advancing anticoagulant research. Co-citation and keyword clustering analyses revealed research hotspots in NOACs, cancer-associated venous thromboembolism, stroke prevention, and COVID-19-related thrombotic events, reflecting a shift towards individualized anticoagulation therapy and the growing importance of NOACs in various clinical contexts.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The development of NOACs has progressed rapidly, with an increasing number of publications, indicating the lead research in the United States and other Western nations. Comparative studies on the safety and efficacy of NOACs have become a significant focus, shifting from traditional anticoagulants. Pharmacogenetics-guided use of NOACS shows new hope of precision medicine.}, }
@article {pmid40321932, year = {2025}, author = {Rehman, S and Ghazali, SR and Elklit, A}, title = {COVID-19 and Psychopathologies in Children-A Single Session Intervention Plan to Promote Mental Health during Crises Management: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Iranian journal of public health}, volume = {54}, number = {4}, pages = {688-700}, pmid = {40321932}, issn = {2251-6093}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The world has experienced numerous natural and man-made disasters throughout history. Due to these unforeseen circumstances, children and adolescents have reported significant psychopathologies in response to traumatic experiences. We aimed to investigate the surge of internalizing and externalizing psychopathologies during COVID-19 and to assess the efficacy of single-session therapies used to treat mental health issues during this period.<br><br>METHODS: Overall, 270 articles were retrieved across both phases of the study, with 250 articles identified in Phase I and 20 in Phase II. Following the PRISMA flowchart guidelines, approximately 30 studies were selected to meet the objective of Phase I, while 10 studies were chosen to address the objective of Phase II. The articles were retrieved from various databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Ovid, CENTRAL, JSTOR, NCBI, and Science Direct. Only articles published between 2019 and 2022 were included in the study.<br><br>RESULTS: The findings of first phase of study indicated a surge in internalizing psychopathologies (such as anxiety, depression, loneliness, and somatic problems) and externalizing psychopathologies (including conduct/oppositional disorders, sleep disturbances, suicidal ideation, ADHD, and substance abuse) over the past four years. Additionally, according to the findings of the second phase of the study, single-session therapies were found to be effective in mitigating symptoms of depression and anxiety.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The study's findings are discussed in the context of counseling adolescents, highlighting the importance of addressing mental health issues in this demographic.}, }
@article {pmid40321796, year = {2025}, author = {Walewangko, OC and Purnomo, JS and Jo, PA and Vidian, V and Jo, J}, title = {Prophylactic vaccination strategies for adult patients with diabetes: a narrative review of safety profiles and clinical effectiveness.}, journal = {Clinical and experimental vaccine research}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {101-115}, pmid = {40321796}, issn = {2287-3651}, abstract = {This narrative review analyzed roles of several prophylactic vaccinations in adult patients with diabetes, focusing on their safety profiles and clinical effectiveness. Individuals with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for infections, making vaccination a critical component of their healthcare. The review assessed various vaccines that are particularly relevant for this population, i.e., vaccines for pneumococcus, meningococcus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, influenza, herpes zoster, human papillomavirus, and dengue. It highlighted the safety profiles and clinical effectiveness of these vaccines in preventing serious infections and improving long-term health outcomes in diabetic patients. Taken together, this review emphasized the importance of prophylactic vaccinations in reducing infection-related morbidity and mortality as well as encouraged fostering greater adoption and advocacy for immunization programs among diabetic adults.}, }
@article {pmid40321651, year = {2025}, author = {Mosley, TJ and Zajdel, RA and Alderete, E and Clayton, JA and Heidari, S and Pérez-Stable, EJ and Salt, K and Bernard, MA}, title = {Intersectionality and diversity, equity, and inclusion in the healthcare and scientific workforces.}, journal = {Lancet regional health. Americas}, volume = {41}, number = {}, pages = {100973}, pmid = {40321651}, issn = {2667-193X}, abstract = {Enhancing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the scientific and healthcare workforces∗ promotes research innovation and equitable access to quality healthcare. Efforts to advance DEI within the global scientific and healthcare workforces have assumed a new urgency given the strain caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the aging of the global population, and the persistent shortages in the healthcare workforce, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Yet, these fields continue to struggle to promote DEI. Considering the impact of intersectionality-how multiple identities interact to create unique experiences of privilege and power-within these workforces will enhance efforts to promote DEI. This series explores the impact of intersectionality on scientific and healthcare workforce DEI and how prominent institutional and structural factors (e.g., sexism and racism), as well as their interpersonal manifestations, can create barriers for workers with multiple intersecting marginalised identities. This paper, the first in a three-part series, describes how intersecting identities interact with workplace inequities and suggests ways to incorporate intersectionality into DEI efforts within the scientific and healthcare workforces. ∗We use the phrase scientific and healthcare workforces throughout this article to broadly encompass individuals associated with the biomedical, clinical, behavioral, and population science workforce.}, }
@article {pmid40321580, year = {2025}, author = {Zheng, J and Pang, Q and Fu, Z}, title = {Replication Features of SARS-CoV-2 and Advantages of Targeting S Protein with Aptamers to Block Viral Entry.}, journal = {ACS omega}, volume = {10}, number = {16}, pages = {15840-15851}, pmid = {40321580}, issn = {2470-1343}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus of the coronaviridae family. The virus enters the cell through binding to the corresponding receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cell membrane with the spike protein (S protein) on its envelope; thus, we can design inhibitors that bind the S protein to block the entry of the virus into cells. Aptamers are single stranded DNA or RNA molecules that can form specific three-dimensional structures and bind their target molecules with high affinity and specificity and thus are promising candidates for S protein inhibitors. This paper reviews the replication cycle and cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the preparation principle and characteristics of aptamers, features a discussion of the advantages of using aptamers to target the S protein to prevent SARS-CoV-2 from infecting cells, and finally summarizes the research progress in S protein-blocking aptamers.}, }
@article {pmid40321454, year = {2025}, author = {Miyamoto, T and Fujita, M and Hachiya, M and Yokobori, Y and Komada, K and Murakami, H}, title = {Overview of global governance, capacity, and health systems implication of pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response: A narrative review and descriptive analysis of open-source data.}, journal = {Global health &amp; medicine}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {112-126}, pmid = {40321454}, issn = {2434-9194}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response (PPPR) in global health. This review first examined global health governance (GHG) for PPPR, identifying its core-satellite structure. Key GHG functions include rule-setting, resource mobilization, medical countermeasures (MCMs) supply, surveillance and data/pathogen sharing with rapid response, and One Health. Major gaps exist in global collaboration, enforcement of the International Health Regulations (IHR), and the World Health Organization's (WHO) capacity. The most urgent issue is pathogen access and benefit-sharing (PABS). Second, the PPPR capacity across world regions were assessed using two public datasets: eSPAR and GHS Index. Sub-Saharan Africa requires urgent support to strengthen most PPPR aspects, while epidemiological and laboratory surveillance, infection prevention and control (IPC), and regulatory functions need improvement in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in various regions outside Europe. Japan, with its strong PPPR capacity, is well-positioned to assist. Lastly, the review explored the link between PPPR and health systems strengthening (HSS). PPPR must be firmly integrated into HSS to ensure resilience, equity, inclusiveness, continuity of care, and sustainability. Core health system components - service delivery, workforce, health information systems, MCMs access, and governance - along with communication and trust-building, effectively contribute to PPPR. However, pandemic exceptionalism and the over-securitization of PPPR and health security may hinder coordination. The enhanced GHG for PPPR, led by the empowered WHO, should effectively facilitate and coordinate technical assistance to LMICs to strengthen their PPPR capacities and promote PPPR-HSS integration by bringing together the often-divided health security and HSS communities.}, }
@article {pmid40321452, year = {2025}, author = {Saito, T and Sunagawa, T and Suzuki, M and Matano, T and Wakita, T}, title = {Enhancing health security against infectious diseases: Perspectives on the emergency operations capabilities of the Japan Institute for Health Security.}, journal = {Global health &amp; medicine}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {82-89}, pmid = {40321452}, issn = {2434-9194}, abstract = {The Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS) will be established in April 2025 by merging the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) and the National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM). JIHS aims to enhance health security against infectious disease crises by integrating NIID's surveillance, epidemiologic investigation, and research expertise with NCGM's clinical care and research capabilities. An effective response to an infectious disease crisis depends on robust intelligence, systematic data analysis, and surge capacity - the ability to rapidly scale responses through mobilization of resources and an established infrastructure. An Emergency Operations Center (EOC), which centralizes emergency response coordination, is critical to harmonizing these diverse capabilities, enabling technical experts to focus effectively on specialized tasks. NIID has contributed to disease prevention through surveillance, laboratory reference services, and devising medical countermeasures. The establishment of NIID's Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response (CEPR) in 2020 and the EOC in 2021 markedly improved crisis management in the NIID, as demonstrated during events like Tokyo 2020 and the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant outbreak. These experiences highlight the importance of centralized coordination, which is being incorporated in the operational framework of the newly established JIHS. This article reviews NIID EOC's evolution and its crucial role in enhancing Japan's health security by consolidating lessons learned from recent public health crises.}, }
@article {pmid40321451, year = {2025}, author = {Chu, C}, title = {Effect of the establishment of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency from the perspective of global health security.}, journal = {Global health &amp; medicine}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {141-150}, pmid = {40321451}, issn = {2434-9194}, abstract = {The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) was established in 2004 after the SARS epidemic. As a national disease control agency, KCDC strengthened its capacities for global health security based on experiences from some important issues such as the Influenza A/H1N1 pandemic (2009), the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in Korea (2015), the Zika epidemic (2016), and COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2024). KCDC can make or revise infectious disease prevention and control related law, and collect, manage and analyze disease data from all the local public health centers and medical institutions in Korea. Based on the indicator-based surveillance, event-based surveillance and laboratory-based surveillance, KCDC conducts risk assessment for public health threats and has full responsibility as a competing authority in responding to outbreaks on a legal basis, which is specified in the national disaster framework. All quarantine stations in airports and sea ports belong to KCDC, and individual international travel history data at point of entries are linked to the National Health Insurance Services Database and medical doctors can access the database when the symptomatic individual visits the clinics/hospitals to check his/her travel history in the affected countries. This is a backbone to identify and notify imported infectious diseases from local clinic/hospitals to KCDC. Based on risk assessment in KCDC, KCDC triggers the Emergency Operations Center to respond. This KCDC-centered public health governance with centralized, comprehensive surveillance and response is one of the model cases from the health security perspective to consider for countries that are to establish new national public health institutes in the post-COVID-19 era.}, }
@article {pmid40321449, year = {2025}, author = {Saito, H and Jindai, K and Shibata, T and Sonoda, M and Iiyama, T}, title = {How to build a better clinical trial ecosystem for future infectious disease emergencies in Japan: Findings from a narrative review and stakeholder meetings.}, journal = {Global health &amp; medicine}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {96-105}, pmid = {40321449}, issn = {2434-9194}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic posed a serious challenge to national and global pandemic preparedness and response (PPR). Timely identification and development of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines through prompt evidence generation from clinical trials was recognized as an important health security agenda. In 2022, under the guidance of Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), a health policy research team was convened to analyze the COVID-19 related clinical trial ecosystem in the context of PPR in Japan and abroad with a focus on clinical trials for therapeutics. The research mainly composed of the following: a narrative review of relevant peer reviewed journals and grey literature, interview of global experts and stakeholders including those from the United States and the United Kingdom, and a culminating meeting in Japan with various stakeholders. Based on the outcomes of this research, the team makes the following three recommendations: (1) Strengthen the leadership group's role in infectious disease clinical trials, (2) Promote sustained coordination and collaboration among stakeholders, and (3) Apply innovative clinical trial designs and create an enabling research environment. Clinical trials, as a public health good, must be further integrated into healthcare. The team advocates for the implementation of these recommendations at the policy level to help improve the clinical trial ecosystem for future health emergencies in Japan.}, }
@article {pmid40321448, year = {2025}, author = {Kokudo, N and Wada, K and Takei, T and Matano, T and Wakita, T}, title = {The establishment of the Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS): A new era in infectious disease response and research.}, journal = {Global health &amp; medicine}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {77-81}, pmid = {40321448}, issn = {2434-9194}, abstract = {On April 1, 2025, the National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) and the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) will be merged to establish the Japan Institute for Health Security (JIHS). This merger strengthens Japan's capacity to address infectious diseases and health threats, aiming for a resilient and secure society. This paper highlights the establishment of JIHS, its alignment with government reforms, and its strategic priorities for the future. The initiative originated on October 6, 2020, when the Liberal Democratic Party's Policy Research Council proposed measures to address vulnerabilities exposed by COVID-19. In 2022, the Japanese government called for formulating a central control tower, the Cabinet Agency for Infectious Disease Crisis Management (CAICM), upgrading the divisions related to infectious diseases to the Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control in the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), and establishing the JIHS. JIHS will serve as a scientific advisory body during infectious disease crises, guiding the Prime Minister and the MHLW. It focuses on four key areas: i) Disease intelligence: risk assessment and data analysis; ii) Research, development, and innovation: advancing medical science; iii) Comprehensive medical services: strengthening clinical response capacity; and iv) Human resource development and international cooperation: building expertise and partnerships. Through integration, JIHS aims to improve existing systems and create synergy between basic and clinical research. As a hub for domestic and international collaboration, JIHS will consolidate critical information, catalyze innovative research, and deliver transformative solutions to address domestic and global infectious disease challenges.}, }
@article {pmid40321447, year = {2025}, author = {Kayama, M and Sudo, K and Kamata, K and Igarashi, K and Nakao, T and Watanuki, S}, title = {Capacity development of nursing professionals for the next pandemic: Nursing education, on-the-job training, and networking.}, journal = {Global health &amp; medicine}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {90-95}, pmid = {40321447}, issn = {2434-9194}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the essential role of nursing professionals in infection control and patient care across various healthcare settings in Japan. Despite their dedication, the crisis exposed significant gaps in preparedness, training, and leadership development. This paper examines the challenges nurses and public health nurses faced during the pandemic and proposes a framework for strengthening capacity development to enhance future public health emergency responses. Fundamental infection control education must be systematically incorporated into basic nursing curricula, equipping nurses with essential skills such as proper use of personal protective equipment, zoning principles, and infection prevention strategies. Simulation-based training should complement theoretical instruction to ensure practical application. Continuous professional development through structured on-the-job training is crucial, particularly for smaller hospitals and elderly care facilities where infection control expertise remains limited. Public health nurses require specialized training in epidemiological investigations and outbreak management to coordinate community health responses effectively. Leadership in clinical settings and public health must be reinforced. The Infectious Disease Health Emergency Assistance Team (IHEAT) and supervisory public health nurses played key roles in the pandemic response. Still, challenges in rapid deployment and infrastructure readiness hindered their effectiveness. Strengthening managerial education and crisis response training will be critical to improving future outcomes. Additionally, networking and knowledge-sharing systems should be expanded to enhance communication and coordination. Mental health support for nursing professionals engaged in infection control must also be prioritized. This paper advocates a comprehensive approach to nursing education, training, and leadership development to fortify Japan's healthcare system against future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid40321006, year = {2025}, author = {Li, S and Zheng, L and Zhong, J and Gao, X}, title = {Advancing mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: key components, innovations, and clinical progress.}, journal = {Essays in biochemistry}, volume = {69}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1042/EBC20253009}, pmid = {40321006}, issn = {1744-1358}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; *RNA, Messenger/immunology/genetics ; *mRNA Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccine Development/methods ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; }, abstract = {Vaccination remains a cornerstone in preventing infectious diseases and managing outbreaks. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the revolutionary impact of mRNA vaccine technology, which utilizes pathogenderived genomic sequences to generate specific antigens. This process involves in vitro transcription of mRNA, encoding target antigens that are subsequently encapsulated within lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for efficient delivery into host cells. Once internalized, the mRNA enables antigen expression, triggering a robust immune response. This platform dramatically accelerates vaccine development timelines and offers unparalleled adaptability, making mRNA vaccines particularly advantageous in addressing emerging infectious diseases. The clinical success of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) has fueled broader applications, including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Zika, and HIV. Notably, mRNA-1345 became the first FDA-approved RSV mRNA vaccine, while self-amplifying RNA and multivalent vaccines are advancing in trials. However, CureVac's CVnCoV failed due to lack of nucleoside modifications, and mRNA-1325 (Zika) showed poor immunogenicity. Additionally, mRNA-1365 (RSV) faced an FDA clinical hold due to safety concerns. These cases highlight the need for continued optimization in sequence design, delivery, and safety assessment. Despite advancements, a key hurdle persists, including mRNA instability, ultra-low storage requirements, and LNP liver accumulation. Innovations such as lyophilization and selective organ targeting technology are being explored to improve stability extrahepatic delivery. This review examines mRNA vaccine optimization strategies, clinical progress, and challenges, providing insights into future developments in this evolving field.}, }
@article {pmid40320267, year = {2025}, author = {Nádas, M and Becker, O and Mallow, M and Rand, S}, title = {Medication Abortion: Out of the Clinic and into the Mail.}, journal = {Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America}, volume = {52}, number = {2}, pages = {219-237}, doi = {10.1016/j.ogc.2024.12.014}, pmid = {40320267}, issn = {1558-0474}, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Telemedicine/organization &amp; administration ; Pregnancy ; *Abortion, Induced/methods ; *Health Services Accessibility ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Abortifacient Agents ; United States ; }, abstract = {Abortion access is a critical component of comprehensive reproductive health care. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) pandemic, telehealth emerged as a promising solution to expand abortion access, which has continued in the wake of significant policy shifts and clinical updates. Several early programs paved the way for broader adoption; however, the pandemic forced existing telehealth abortion programs to alter their models and made way for new virtual clinics dedicated to abortion care as well as the integration of telehealth abortion care into established health systems and brick-and-mortar clinics. Published protocols can be used to expand practice.}, }
@article {pmid40319833, year = {2025}, author = {Suleiman, AS and Bhattacharya, P and Islam, MA}, title = {Global prevalence and dynamics of mecA and mecC genes in MRSA: Meta-meta-analysis, meta-regression, and temporal investigation.}, journal = {Journal of infection and public health}, volume = {18}, number = {7}, pages = {102802}, doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102802}, pmid = {40319833}, issn = {1876-035X}, abstract = {This study aimed to conduct first robust meta-meta-analysis on mecC and mecA-positive MRSA strains, determining their overall prevalence and temporal trends. It encompassed 14 meta-analyses, involving 322,269 samples from 553 index studies. MRSA strains exhibited mecA / mecC positivity ranging from 0.90 % to 69.98 %. Varied AMSTAR and QUOROM scores were observed. mecC-positive MRSA prevalence was 2.41 % (95 % CI: 0.72-7.78 %). Human mecA-positive MRSA had 21.77 % prevalence (95 % CI: 9.08-43.67 %), animal samples had 7.08 % prevalence (95 % CI: 3.93-12.42 %), and worldwide prevalence was 14.58 % (95 % CI: 6.61-29.14 %). Temporal trends reveal fluctuations, mecA prevalence spiked to 52.68 % in 2012 and decreased to 7.11 % in 2022. For mecC gene, the year 2015 marked a low incidence of 0.41 % (95 % CI: 0.05-3.54 %). Overall, mecA gene carriage surpassed mecC in MRSA strains, especially in humans.}, }
@article {pmid40319254, year = {2025}, author = {Bizuneh, FK and Biwota, GT and Tsheten, T and Bizuneh, TK}, title = {Incidence of recovery rate and predictors among hospitalized COVID- 19 infected patients in Ethiopia; a systemic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {1644}, pmid = {40319254}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {Humans ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; Incidence ; *Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite global efforts to mitigate COVID-19 infection through vaccination and therapeutic interventions, morbidity and mortality rates continued at variable rates. Although mortality risk and clinical features of COVID-19 are well-documented, recovery patterns and prognostic factors post-admission remain inconclusive, particularly in resource-limited settings like Ethiopia. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) aimed to estimate the pooled incidence rate of recovery and predictors among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia.<br><br>METHODS: We searched (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;1,191) articles using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline from PubMed/MEDLINE (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;755), Scopus (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;137), Web of Science (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;84), Science Direct (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;148), Cochran (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;25), and Google Scholar searching (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;42) from December 2019 to February 2024. The data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and exported to Stata TM&#xa0;version 17.0 for further analysis. The Article quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The pooled incidence rate of recovery was estimated using a weighted inverse variance random-effects meta-regression. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the I[2] statistic. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity tests were also conducted to explore publication bias. This file is registered in international Prospero with ID (CRD42024518569).<br><br>RESULT: Sixteen (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;16) published studies with 7,676 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were included in the final report. The mean age of participants ranged from 29 (&#xb1;&#x2009;17) to 57.5 (&#xb1;&#x2009;3) years, with male patients constituting the largest proportion of participants, 4,491(58.5%). During recovery screening, 6,304(82.21%) cases were discharged as improved, 159 (2.1%) attriters, and 818 (10.6%) died during inpatient treatment. The pooled incidence of recovery, mortality, and attrition rates were found to be 82.32% (95% CI: 78.81-85.83; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;94.8%), 14.3% (I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;98.45%), and 2.7% (I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;81.34%), respectively. Incidence of recovery rate varied across regions and epidemic phases, with the highest rate observed in Addis Ababa (89.94%, I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;78.33%) and the lowest reported in the Tigray region (59.7%, I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.0%). Across epidemic phases, the recovery rate was 88.05% (I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;29.56%) in Phase II, 84.09% (I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;97.57%) in Phase I, and 78.92% (I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;96.9%) in Phase III, respectively. Factors included being aged 15-30&#xa0;years (pooled OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.01), male sex (pooled OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.46), no dyspnea (pooled OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.4; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;79%), and no baseline comorbidities (pooled OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.15; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;89.3%) were predictors for recovery. CONCLUSION&#xa0;AND RECOMMENDATION: In Ethiopia, more than eight out of ten hospitalized COVID-19 patients recovered after inpatient treatment. However, the incidence of recovery rates varied significantly across epidemic phases, study settings, and regions. Factors including younger age, male sex, no dyspnea (shortness of breathing), and no underlying comorbidity heightened recovery. It is highly recommended those inpatients cares should focus on high-risk groups (older adults) and implement standardized treatment protocols in each study setting. Regions with lower recovery rates need aid in logistical support and training for healthcare providers.}, }
@article {pmid40319249, year = {2025}, author = {Stevenson, H and Alzyood, M}, title = {Healing through art: a thematic synthesis within a quasi-systematic review of art's impact on adult mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {1641}, pmid = {40319249}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Art Therapy/methods ; *Mental Health ; Adult ; Social Isolation/psychology ; Pandemics ; Qualitative Research ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {AIM: To synthesise evidence on how both structured art therapy and informal creative engagement supported adult mental well-being during COVID-19-related isolation, and to evaluate their applicability across diverse populations and contexts.<br><br>METHOD: A quasi-systematic review of qualitative studies from CINAHL, PsycInfo, and PubMed (2020-2024), analysed through thematic synthesis.<br><br>RESULTS: Analysis of seven studies identified five key themes: (1) emotional processing and expression through symbolic creation, (2) adaptive communication and nonverbal connection, (3) communal support and collective meaning-making, (4) empowerment and regaining agency, and (5) transformation of trauma into post-traumatic growth. Marginalised groups-including isolated elderly individuals, disabled adults, and low-income families-benefited significantly from both formal art therapy and informal artistic activities, which addressed barriers such as limited mobility, communication challenges, and social disconnection.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Art-based interventions demonstrate potential as scalable, low-resource tools for mental health support, particularly for individuals experiencing isolation or other forms of vulnerability, such as disability or displacement. However, equitable implementation requires hybrid delivery models and cultural adaptation. While qualitative findings highlight art's capacity to externalise distress and sustain connection, methodological constraints (small homogenous samples) necessitate mixed-methods validation of long-term outcomes.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Integrating art into public health frameworks could mitigate isolation-related psychological harm, particularly for marginalised groups. Future research should prioritise cross-cultural adaptation of interventions, community-led co-design, and studies that examine how social factors like disability, income, and cultural context intersect to shape the effectiveness of art-based mental health support.<br><br>CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.}, }
@article {pmid40318913, year = {2025}, author = {Pittao, MLV and Nava, S and Hill, NS and Pisani, L}, title = {Tailoring non-invasive respiratory supports in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: A practical approach for clinicians.}, journal = {European journal of internal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2025.04.018}, pmid = {40318913}, issn = {1879-0828}, abstract = {The use of non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) for acute respiratory failure (ARF), particularly hypoxemic respiratory failure, has advanced in recent years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. NIRS modalities like high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) have shown efficacy, though evidence is inconsistent, especially for "de novo" acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). This review outlines the physiological rationale for NIRS and offers practical guidance on tailoring treatment to individual patients. Successful AHRF management with NIRS requires a personalized approach, guided by clinical expertise. Further research is needed to refine patient selection and optimize NIRS application.}, }
@article {pmid40318375, year = {2025}, author = {Kumar, P and Hama, S and Cheung, HYW and Hadjichristodoulou, C and Mouchtouri, VA and Anagnostopoulos, L and Kourentis, L and Wang, Z and Galea, ER and Ewer, J and Grandison, A and Jia, F and Siilin, N}, title = {Airborne pathogen monitoring and dispersion modelling on passenger ships: A review.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {980}, number = {}, pages = {179571}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179571}, pmid = {40318375}, issn = {1879-1026}, mesh = {*Ships ; *Air Microbiology ; *COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology ; Humans ; Aerosols/analysis ; Ventilation ; *Environmental Monitoring ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Models, Theoretical ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated a profound inability of pre-pandemic passenger ship policies implemented by both ship operators and governmental authorities to detect and address newly emerging diseases. The essentiality of maritime transport puts into focus the risk of approach to address known and new emerging airborne infectious diseases that, due to increasing capacity, are likely to occur on passenger ships. In order to enhance the passenger experience, prepare shipping for pandemics like COVID-19, and improve the resilience and safety of the industry, this review critically synthesises existing literature on (1) monitoring ventilation conditions and aerosol dispersion, linking them to airborne transmission risk using airborne aerosols and ventilation performance as input parameters for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and (2) modelling airborne disease transmission risk in controlled passenger ship environments. This review analysed 39 studies on aerosol monitoring, thermal comfort, and infection risk modelling on passenger ships (2000-2023). Additionally, 55 papers on CFD modelling of airborne pathogen dispersion were reviewed: 22 included validation, with most focused on built environments and only four specifically addressing ship environments. Two major challenges relate to the complexity and poorly characterised ventilation boundary conditions on passenger ships, and the other is the lack of suitable validation data. For this reason, ship experimental studies are required for CFD model validation. Only a handful of studies were found that have measured aerosol concentrations on board passenger ships. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies conducted on aerosol mass or airborne transmission sampling on board passenger ships or other types of vessels. The results of this review have the potential to create synergistic connections between experimental and modelling studies to inform, characterise and improve the development of numerical models that can accurately estimate infection risk on ships for prevention, mitigation and management of outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid40317651, year = {2025}, author = {Kim, SR and Kim, SK and Asai, A and Nishikawa, H}, title = {Comparison between Japan and Korea in liver transplantation: Focusing on a higher deceased donation rate in Korea.}, journal = {Hepatology research : the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/hepr.14177}, pmid = {40317651}, issn = {1386-6346}, abstract = {Over the past 30 years, liver transplantations (LTs) and deceased-donor LTs (DDLTs) have been higher in Korea than in Japan. In 2019, the number of DDLT reached 88 (22.3% of LTs) in Japan and 391 (24.7% of LTs) in Korea. The deceased-donor rate (per million population) was 0.70 in Japan and 7.56 in Korea. Presently, Korea is one of the Asian countries with the highest rate of DDLT. Factors conducive to the deceased donation rate in Korea encompass the socio-legal system, including the Korean Network for Organ Sharing, Korean Organ Donation Agency, the healthcare system and public awareness. During 2009-2019, two major indications of DDLT were hepatitis B cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease in Korea, and acute liver failure and metabolic diseases in Japan. For living-donor LT, two major indications were hepatitis B cirrhosis and neoplastic diseases in Korea, and biliary atresia and neoplastic diseases in Japan. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the indications for DDLT in Korea were alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis B cirrhosis with a higher rate of alcoholic liver disease than during the pre-pandemic period. In 2021, the 5-year survival rate of DDLT was 66.5% in Korea compared with 82.6% in Japan, whereas that rate of living-donor LT in Korea reached 80.8% compared with 79.4% in Japan. To promote LT in Japan and Korea, mutual understanding and intercommunication between the two countries is crucial.}, }
@article {pmid40315803, year = {2025}, author = {Boniek, D and Malamut, C}, title = {A mini-review: Application of the radiopharmaceutical [[18]F]DPA-714 in neuroinflammation research in post-SARS-CoV-2 patients.}, journal = {Journal of the neurological sciences}, volume = {473}, number = {}, pages = {123518}, doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2025.123518}, pmid = {40315803}, issn = {1878-5883}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been linked to significant neurological complications, including neuroinflammation. This mini review explores the application of the radiopharmaceutical [[18]F]DPA-714 in neuroinflammation studies in post-SARS-CoV-2 patients using Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography (PET-CT) imaging technology. [[18]F]DPA-714, a specific ligand for the translocator protein (TSPO), enables precise visualization and quantification of microglial activation, a key marker of neuroinflammation. Recent studies demonstrate that post-COVID-19 patients exhibit increased uptake of [[18]F]DPA-714 in various brain regions, correlating with persistent symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and mood alterations. The application of [[18]F]DPA-714 in longitudinal studies can monitor the progression of neuroinflammation and evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, allowing personalized treatment adjustments. Additionally, exploring new TSPO ligands can complement data obtained with [[18]F]DPA-714, offering a more comprehensive view of neuroinflammatory processes. This article discusses the technical challenges in synthesizing and applying [[18]F]DPA-714, including the need for standardized imaging protocols and variability in binding due to genetic polymorphisms in TSPO. As a conclusion that [[18]F]DPA-714 is a valuable tool for research and treatment of neuroinflammation in post-SARS-CoV-2 patients, with significant implications for the development of personalized therapies and clinical monitoring.}, }
@article {pmid40313948, year = {2025}, author = {Michalak, KP and Michalak, AZ and Brenk-Krakowska, A}, title = {Acute COVID-19 and LongCOVID syndrome - molecular implications for therapeutic strategies - review.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1582783}, pmid = {40313948}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications/virology/therapy ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology ; Autophagy ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Animals ; }, abstract = {Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recognized not only for its acute effects but also for its ability to cause LongCOVID Syndrome (LCS), a condition characterized by persistent symptoms affecting multiple organ systems. This review examines the molecular and immunological mechanisms underlying LCS, with a particular focus on autophagy inhibition, chronic inflammation, oxidative, nitrosative and calcium stress, viral persistence and autoimmunology. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms involved in LCS include (1) autoimmune activation, (2) latent viral persistence, where SARS-CoV-2 continues to influence host metabolism, (3) reactivation of latent pathogens such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or cytomegalovirus (CMV), exacerbating immune and metabolic dysregulation, and (4) possible persistent metabolic and inflammatory dysregulation, where the body fails to restore post-infection homeostasis. The manipulation of cellular pathways by SARS-CoV-2 proteins is a critical aspect of the virus' ability to evade immune clearance and establish long-term dysfunction. Viral proteins such as NSP13, ORF3a and ORF8 have been shown to disrupt autophagy, thereby impairing viral clearance and promoting immune evasion. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated calcium signaling, oxidative stress, chronic HIF-1α activation and Nrf2 inhibition create a self-sustaining inflammatory feedback loop that contributes to tissue damage and persistent symptoms. Therefore understanding the molecular basis of LCS is critical for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Targeting autophagy and Nrf2 activation, glycolysis inhibition, and restoration calcium homeostasis may provide novel strategies to mitigate the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future research should focus on personalized therapeutic interventions based on the dominant molecular perturbations in individual patients.}, }
@article {pmid40313858, year = {2025}, author = {Gan, S and Qu, S and Zhu, H and Gong, M and Xiang, Y and Ye, D}, title = {Role and Mechanism of Olfactory Stem Cells in the Treatment of Olfactory Disorders.}, journal = {Stem cells international}, volume = {2025}, number = {}, pages = {6631857}, pmid = {40313858}, issn = {1687-966X}, abstract = {Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most prevalent diseases in otorhinolaryngology, particularly since the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with a potential impact on daily life. Several etiological factors can contribute to olfactory dysfunction owing to the complexity and specificity of the olfactory transmission pathway. However, current treatments for olfactory dysfunction are limited and their efficacy is unsatisfactory. Olfactory stem cells are multifunctional stem cells in the olfactory mucosa that comprise both horizontal and global basal stem cells (HBCs and GBCs, respectively). These cells can differentiate into various cell types in response to different stimuli with distinct characteristics. The aim of the study was to discuss the mechanisms and functions of stem cells and their application in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction.}, }
@article {pmid40313573, year = {2025}, author = {Cheng, M and Chai, Y and Rong, G and Xin, C and Gu, L and Zhou, X and Hong, J}, title = {Nanotechnology-based strategies for vaccine development: accelerating innovation and delivery.}, journal = {Biomaterials translational}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, pages = {55-72}, pmid = {40313573}, issn = {2096-112X}, abstract = {The key role and impact of nanotechnology in vaccine development became particularly prominent following the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2019. Especially in the process of designing and optimising COVID-19 vaccines, the application of nanomaterials significantly accelerated vaccine development and efficient delivery. In this review, we categorised and evaluated conventional vaccines, including attenuated live vaccines, inactivated vaccines, and subunit vaccines, highlighting their advantages and limitations. We summarised the development history, mechanisms, and latest technologies of vaccine adjuvants, emphasising their critical role in immune responses. Furthermore, we focused on the application of nanotechnology in the vaccine field, detailing the characteristics of nanoparticle vaccines, including virus-like particles, lipid-based carriers, inorganic nanoparticles, and polymer-based carriers. We emphasised their potential advantages in enhancing vaccine stability and immunogenicity, as well as their ability to deliver vaccines and present antigens through various routes. Despite facing challenges such as low drug loading efficiency, issues with long-term storage, high costs, and difficulties in large-scale production, nano-vaccines hold promise for the future. This review underscores the pivotal role and prospects of nanotechnology in vaccine development, offering new pathways and strategies to address current and future disease challenges.}, }
@article {pmid40312748, year = {2025}, author = {Nayak, SS and Ameen, D and Nobakht, S and Nayak, R and Prabhu, SV and Keivanlou, MH and Hassanipour, S and Amini-Salehi, E and Thakker, N}, title = {The predictive value of endocan as a novel biomarker: an umbrella study on meta-analyses.}, journal = {Systematic reviews}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {98}, pmid = {40312748}, issn = {2046-4053}, mesh = {Humans ; *Proteoglycans/blood/metabolism ; Biomarkers/blood ; *COVID-19/blood/diagnosis ; *Neoplasm Proteins/blood/metabolism ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Predictive Value of Tests ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: In recent years, endocan has emerged as a potential biomarker in various medical conditions. This multifaceted molecule, involved in key processes such as inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, has shown promise in predicting disease progression and therapeutic response across a spectrum of pathologies. However, the heterogeneity of studies and the complexity of endocan's role in different diseases necessitate a comprehensive review. This umbrella review aimed to systematically synthesize and evaluate the evidence from multiple meta-analyses, offering a view of endocan's effectiveness as a predictive biomarker in medical diseases.<br><br>METHODS: An extensive search was carried out on March 12, 2024, using the following four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The goal was to identify meta-analyses that assess endocan's predictive efficacy. The pooled effect size and its 95% confidence interval were taken out of each discovered meta-analysis. Furthermore, power analyses were performed to assess the robustness and dependability of the results. An additional GRADE assessment was carried out to gauge the epidemiological reliability of the findings.<br><br>RESULTS: In the final analysis, 12 meta-analyses were included in the current umbrella review. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between a higher endocan level and COVID-19 (SMD: 1.40, 95% CI 0.21-2.58, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.02), followed by chronic kidney disease (SMD: 1.34, 95% CI 0.20 to 2.48, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01), obstructive sleep apnea (SMD: 1.30, 95% CI 1.06-1.54, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01), diabetes mellitus (SMD: 1.00, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.19, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01), coronary artery disease (SMD: 0.99, 95% CI 0.58-1.39, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01), hypertension (SMD: 0.91, 95% CI 0.44-1.38, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01), and preeclampsia (SMD: 0.37, 95% CI 0.13-0.62, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Endocan has emerged as a highly promising biomarker with considerable potential across various medical conditions. Its relevance spans critical areas such as COVID-19, chronic kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and preeclampsia. The broad applicability of endocan highlights its value in improving diagnostic accuracy and enhancing our understanding of these diseases. Clinically, incorporating endocan testing could aid in early detection, monitoring disease progression, and refining patient management, particularly for high-risk populations. However, additional research is needed to fully assess its specificity, sensitivity, and overall clinical utility, paving the way for its integration into routine healthcare practices and enabling more precise, individualized treatment strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40312682, year = {2025}, author = {Faske, A and Reis, S and Pscheidl, T and Saal-Bauernschubert, L and Meybohm, P and Weibel, S}, title = {An urgent call to publish COVID-19 trials: a systematic search revealed ZERO studies regarding the incidence of thromboembolic events in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-infected COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {Critical care (London, England)}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {173}, pmid = {40312682}, issn = {1466-609X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; Incidence ; *Thromboembolism/epidemiology/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has been associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic complications, particularly in hospitalized patients. While early research focused on pre-Omicron variants, the thrombotic risk associated with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infections remains unclear. Given the evolving nature of the pandemic, it is critical to assess whether current anticoagulation recommendations remain appropriate.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of clinical studies&#xa0;to determine the incidence of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2&#xa0;Omicron variants. The main outcome was thromboembolic events within 28&#xa0;days of infection, using objective diagnostic criteria. We systematically searched the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, covering multiple databases, for studies published between November 30, 2021, and January 31, 2024. Studies were screened independently by two reviewers, and missing data were requested from study authors.<br><br>RESULTS: Our search identified 7843 records, of which 238 underwent full-text screening. Ultimately, no study met our inclusion criteria due to issues such as lack of Omicron-specific data, inadequate reporting of diagnostic methods, and failure to specify the timing of outcome assessment. Despite contacting study authors, no additional eligible data were obtained.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There is currently no high-quality evidence on the incidence of thromboembolic events in Omicron-infected COVID-19 patients. The absence of relevant studies highlights a critical research gap and raises concerns about the applicability of current anticoagulation guidelines. Future studies should stratify outcomes by SARS-CoV-2 variant, ensure transparent reporting, and provide rigorous diagnostic confirmation to guide clinical decision-making.}, }
@article {pmid40312598, year = {2025}, author = {de Assis Carvalho, EM and Ozanic, K and Machado, AFB and Dias, VC and Diniz, CG and da Silva, VL and Bellei, N and Watanabe, A}, title = {Respiratory virus circulation during pandemic: Why were some viruses still circulating?.}, journal = {Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40312598}, issn = {1678-4405}, abstract = {A few months after the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in March 2020, several non-pharmacological measures were adopted worldwide, with varying degrees of strictness, to contain the transmission of the virus and mitigate its impacts. These measures, in addition to effectively reducing the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), these measures also appeared to impact the circulation of other respiratory viruses. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the most relevant data available regarding the circulation of the major respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic, exploring the factors that allowed some viruses to continue circulating while others experienced a decline. Several authors report that the detection of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human coronaviruses (hCoVs), human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) dropped significantly. However, non-enveloped viruses such as adenovirus, and especially human rhinovirus (HRV), did not seem to be as affected. Hypotheses for this scenario include adopting of non-pharmacological measures to curb the spread of COVID-19, behavioral changes in hygiene habits, intrinsic characteristics of each virus such as transmission mode, the presence or absence of a viral envelope and viral interference. Rhinovirus is particularly intriguing, as it maintained a high prevalence during the years of the pandemic. Further investigation into the possible explanations for this phenomenon may be worthwhile.}, }
@article {pmid40311676, year = {2025}, author = {Martinuka, O and le Cessie, S and Wolkewitz, M}, title = {Target trial emulation framework: mitigating methodological challenges and application in COVID-19 treatment evaluation studies.}, journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2025.04.027}, pmid = {40311676}, issn = {1469-0691}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, real-world data and observational studies played an important role in assessing treatment effectiveness. Methodological challenges such as immortal time bias, confounding, and competing risks were observed. Target trial emulation provides a structured framework for evaluating treatment effectiveness using observational data while mitigating these biases.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To describe common biases in observational COVID-19 research, introduce the target trial emulation framework, and discuss how these biases can be addressed in this framework. Specifically, we discuss the clone-censor-weight approach and provide real-world study examples demonstrating its application in COVID-19 research.<br><br>SOURCES: We summarize key principles of target trial emulation and the clone-censor-weight approach using published methodological articles. Additionally, we demonstrate its practical implementation by reviewing three studies that emulated a target trial to evaluate the effects of treatments in COVID-19 patients. These studies were selected without a predefined search strategy.<br><br>CONTENT: We define and discuss immortal time bias, confounding, and competing risks in studies using observational data. To facilitate the understanding of these biases, we use a hypothetical example evaluating the effects of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. We provide an overview of the target trial emulation framework and its core elements, explaining how it can mitigate these challenges. To illustrate the clone-censor-weight approach, we describe published examples demonstrating its application during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>IMPLICATIONS: The target trial emulation is an important framework for evaluating treatment effects using observational data, but it requires careful implementation to mitigate methodological biases. Identifying and addressing confounding, immortal time bias, and competing risks during study design and analysis is important in any causal study evaluating treatment effects. This framework can improve the quality of observational studies and complement evidence from clinical trials, particularly when evidence is urgently needed, as during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40311049, year = {2025}, author = {Mombo, N and Le Nguyen, KN}, title = {Practices for collecting, analyzing and disseminating data on health and its social determinants among Black populations in Quebec: a scoping review.}, journal = {Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {165-189}, doi = {10.24095/hpcdp.45.4.03}, pmid = {40311049}, issn = {2368-738X}, mesh = {Humans ; Quebec/epidemiology ; *Social Determinants of Health/ethnology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/ethnology ; *Black People/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Data Collection/methods ; Health Status Disparities ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the deficiencies in healthcare systems both within and outside of Canada, affecting racialized populations, particularly Black communities, who face an increased risk of infection and mortality from the disease. Although Black populations in Quebec make up more than 25% of the Black population in Canada, detailed data on the impact of COVID-19 on these communities are only available at the national level. This scoping review documents the methods and issues related to the collection, analysis and dissemination of data on the health of Black populations in Quebec, and its social determinants.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a review of studies published in English and French from January 2010 to June 2024 by consulting six databases. This review exclusively comprised studies involving data collection from racialized populations, including Black populations in Quebec, and excluded Canada-wide studies involving only a subsample of Black populations in Quebec. The main keywords used were: "data on race", "ethnic data collection", "race data collection", "culturally appropriate", "health", "survey", "questionnaire", "racial groups", "racialized groups", "Black and minority ethnic people", "people of colour", "migrants", "Quebec", "collecte de donn&#xe9;es", "minorit&#xe9;", "noir" and "ethnicit&#xe9;".<br><br>RESULTS: We selected 43 studies covering four sectors: health, social services, education and employment. We identified the main issues, methods and strategies used to recruit members of Black communities and to collect and analyze data according to ethnoracial categories while minimizing bias to better understand the sociocultural and socioeconomic context of the target populations.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our review highlights the importance of collecting data on racialized groups, particularly Black communities in Quebec, to support public policies aimed at promoting health equity.}, }
@article {pmid40310895, year = {2025}, author = {Russell, NG and Rodney, T and Peterson, JK and Baker, A and Francis, L}, title = {Nurse-Led Mental Health Interventions for College Students: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Preventing chronic disease}, volume = {22}, number = {}, pages = {E17}, pmid = {40310895}, issn = {1545-1151}, mesh = {Humans ; *Mental Disorders/nursing ; *Mental Health ; *Mental Health Services/organization &amp; administration ; *Nurse's Role ; *Students/psychology ; Universities ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation or suicide are prevalent among college students and are a growing public health concern. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this crisis. Nurses are a vital component of college health services and may be the first or only health care provider to evaluate college students experiencing a mental health condition. However, the literature has limited evidence on the nurse's role and its impact on college mental health. Our systematic review examines nurse-led mental health interventions for college students.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search for nurse-led interventions in college mental health by using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and ERIC databases. A total of 2,814 articles were identified, and 2,290 were screened after removal of 524 duplicates. Thirty-five studies were reviewed for eligibility, and 16 were included in this review. The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice (JHNEBP) Hierarchy of Evidence Guide and Appraisal Tools were used to rate the strength and quality of the evidence, and the selected articles were generally of good quality.<br><br>RESULTS: The 16 articles came from institutions in North America (n = 5), southeastern Europe (n = 3), and Asia (n = 8). The studies focused on samples with a pre-existing mental health diagnosis or on mental health symptoms and interventions aimed at addressing mental health concerns. The interventions were facilitated by nurses and included various approaches, including experimental, quality improvement, and educational strategies.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review underscores the crucial role of nurses in addressing mental health issues among college students. Despite variability in approaches, nurse-led interventions offer promise in enhancing student well-being. Further studies are essential to gauge effectiveness and shape policies for supporting the nurse's unique role in higher education. Integrating these findings into practice and policy will equip college health services to meet students' evolving needs. Leveraging the expertise of nurses can enhance student mental well-being, leading to improved academic outcomes and overall quality of life.}, }
@article {pmid40310051, year = {2025}, author = {Grilli, S and Perrotta, G and Eleuteri, S and Petruccelli, I}, title = {Critical Issues in Psychological Services Within Italian Schools: Definition, Contexts, Interventions, and Legislation for Vulnerable Populations.}, journal = {Children (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40310051}, issn = {2227-9067}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: This paper presents a comprehensive literature review that investigates the pivotal role of school psychologists within the Italian educational context, highlighting their importance in promoting mental health and students' well-being, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive school psychology evidence-based service to facilitate the personal and professional development of both students and staff.<br><br>METHODS: To conduct this review, we utilized databases such as Scopus, ResearchGate, PsycINFO, and PubMed to access recent scientific literature related to school psychologists in Italy, focusing primarily on studies published between 2018 and 2025. We employed keywords including "school psychologist in Italy", "mental health", "COVID-19", "COVID-19 and school psychologists", and "school psychologist legislation in Italy" to guide our search.<br><br>RESULTS: By synthesizing the existing literature, this study aims to explore the integration and effectiveness of psychological services in Italian schools, particularly in light of the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This review provides an overview of the current state of school psychology evidence-based services in Italy, with particular attention to the emotional and psychological challenges exacerbated by the pandemic. This event that has profoundly impacted community life highlighted the importance of mental health, prompting Italy to enhance the presence of psychologists within schools. Furthermore, this review critically analyzes the existing laws and psychological frameworks, drawing on data from an extensive examination of legislative documents and the previous literature regarding the implementation of school psychology services. The findings reveal that 69.2% of Italian schools adopted a school psychology service following legislative initiatives, aimed at addressing the trauma and discomfort caused by the pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Despite this progress, the presence of this figure is still rare and while significant steps have been taken, a shift towards a more preventative and holistic model is currently essential.}, }
@article {pmid40310013, year = {2025}, author = {Becerra, JA and Roohani, I and Parikh, NU and Jolibois, MI and Kondra, K and Swerdlow, M and Nicholson, LT and Carey, JN}, title = {A Systematic Review of Hand Surgery Simulation.}, journal = {Annals of plastic surgery}, volume = {94}, number = {5S Suppl 3}, pages = {S474-S483}, pmid = {40310013}, issn = {1536-3708}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hand/surgery ; *Simulation Training/methods ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Clinical Competence ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and duty hour restrictions illuminated a role for surgical simulation in hand surgery training that permits meaningful technical experience outside the operating room. Implementation of surgical simulation infrastructure alongside clinical training accounting for complexity and cost should be considered. This systematic review analyzes cadaveric, benchtop, 3D-printed, augmented/virtual reality, and animal models that may effectively simulate hand surgical techniques and procedures with subjective or objective competence assessment.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA-P guidelines using the following databases: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Selected search terms included procedures relevant to hand surgery and various simulation training modalities. Inclusion criteria were English-language peer-reviewed articles about surgical simulation techniques or hand surgery-related training. Abstracts, conference proceedings, non-English literature, and reviews were excluded. Data, including skills and techniques taught and assessed, model type, equipment, cost, and emphasis placed in training for each article, were entered into an electronic database. Additional articles were identified through references from the initial search.<br><br>RESULTS: Our search criteria identified 2745 articles, 39 of which met the inclusion criteria. Models were described with the following frequency: synthetic benchtop/3D printed (41.0%), animal (25.6%), cadaveric (17.9%), augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR; 10.3%), and other computer simulation (10.3%). Three models incorporated both a physical benchtop and AR/VR components. The procedures most represented by the simulation tools assessed include tendon repair (30.8%), fracture fixation (25.6%), wrist arthroscopy (15.4%), and carpal tunnel release (15.4%). Of all articles, 51.3% evaluated the efficacy of the educational tool. Of these, 40.0% were evaluated via subjective methods only, 10.0% via objective methods, and 50% via both. Eighty-seven percent of articles emphasized the importance of surgical simulation in a surgeon's training.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A diverse collection of hand surgical simulation models exists for the practice of various aspects of hand surgery. The existing literature demonstrates their utility for increasing expertise with surgical techniques and procedures in a low-risk setting. Integration into surgical training will depend on program time and budget constraints.}, }
@article {pmid40309618, year = {2025}, author = {Ahmadnia, E and Haseli, A and Davoudian, A and Abbasi, M}, title = {Adolescents' Sexual Health During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Health science reports}, volume = {8}, number = {5}, pages = {e70774}, pmid = {40309618}, issn = {2398-8835}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly disrupted adolescents' access to sexual health services, resulting in a decline in their overall sexual well-being. This systematic review explored adolescent sexual health during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review of quantitative studies-including observational research, clinical trials, and quasi-experimental interventions-examined English-language articles published between January 2020 and February 10, 2025, sourced from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies, Cochrane RoB 2 for clinical trials, and ROBINS-1 for quasi-experimental designs. Due to the heterogeneity of the data.<br><br>RESULTS: After identifying 781 articles, 10 studies with a total sample size of 636,873 participants were included in the final systematic review. Observational studies during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed diminished access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, greater dependence on informal information sources, widening health inequalities, and negative impacts on adolescent sexual behavior. Intervention studies on online SRH education demonstrate significant positive impacts across key areas: access to SRH services, safe sex practices, communication with parents about sexual health, lower acceptance of dating violence, normative beliefs regarding adolescent sexuality, HIV/STI awareness, and condom use. The findings emphasize notable improvements in communication, knowledge, and attitudes toward sexual health, driven by these targeted interventions.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted adolescent SRH globally, reducing service access and amplifying inequities. While some behaviors (e.g., sexual activity) showed resilience, systemic gaps in education and healthcare persist. Multisectoral efforts are needed to ensure adolescents' SRH rights are upheld during crises. However, the interventional studies underscore the viability of digital, media-literate interventions in improving adolescent sexual health.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: The review study was officially registered on the PROSPERO website on 02/08/2023 under the code CRD42023438631 and received approval from the jury.}, }
@article {pmid40308622, year = {2025}, author = {Parizad, R and Batta, A and Hatwal, J and Taban-Sadeghi, M and Mohan, B}, title = {Emerging risk factors for heart failure in younger populations: A growing public health concern.}, journal = {World journal of cardiology}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {104717}, pmid = {40308622}, issn = {1949-8462}, abstract = {Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health concern, with an increasing incidence among younger populations. Traditionally, HF was considered a condition primarily affecting the elderly, but of late, emerging evidence hints at a rapidly rising HF incidence in youth in the past 2 decades. HF in youth has been linked to a complex interaction between emerging risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome, environmental exposures, genetic predispositions, and lifestyle behaviors. This review examines these evolving determinants, including substance abuse, autoimmune diseases, and the long-term cardiovascular effects of coronavirus disease 2019, which disproportionately affect younger individuals. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study highlights the importance of early detection, targeted prevention strategies, and multidisciplinary management approaches to address this alarming trend. Promoting awareness and integrating age-specific interventions could significantly reduce the burden of HF and improve long-term outcomes among younger populations.}, }
@article {pmid40307795, year = {2025}, author = {Garza, M and Miguel, LA}, title = {Health disparities among indigenous populations in Latin America: a scoping review.}, journal = {International journal for equity in health}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {119}, pmid = {40307795}, issn = {1475-9276}, mesh = {Humans ; *Health Status Disparities ; *Healthcare Disparities/ethnology ; Latin America/epidemiology ; *Indigenous Peoples ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health disparities persist among Indigenous populations in Latin America, reflecting systemic inequities and historical marginalization. These disparities span infectious diseases, malnutrition, and chronic conditions, necessitating a comprehensive understanding to inform equitable public health strategies. This scoping review aims to map health disparities affecting Indigenous populations in Latin America, identify research gaps, and inform policy recommendations.<br><br>METHODS: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Scielo for studies with data collected between May 2014 and May 2024. Studies were included if they examined health disparities among Indigenous populations in Latin America, contained a comparator related to disparities, and presented quantitative data. We excluded studies on oral health, risk factors, genetic disparities, health system access, and ecological studies, as well as non-research articles such as commentaries and letters to the editor. Data were synthesized narratively, summarizing key themes.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 1,116 identified articles, 35 met inclusion criteria, spanning nine Latin American countries. Most studies were cross-sectional (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;18) or cohort-based (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;16). Infectious diseases and malnutrition were the most studied topics, consistently showing higher incidence and mortality rates among Indigenous populations. Many papers highlighted COVID-19 disparities, with Indigenous groups experiencing higher incidence and mortality. Malnutrition, particularly stunting and anemia, was significantly more prevalent among Indigenous children and women. Studies on overweight and obesity showed mixed results. Chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular issues, showed notable disparities, while mental health and cancer were underrepresented.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Indigenous populations in Latin America face a dual burden of infectious and chronic diseases, compounded by structural barriers such as poverty, geographic isolation, and systemic discrimination. Addressing these disparities requires culturally tailored interventions, structural reforms, and policy prioritization. This scoping review is limited by database restrictions, search term variability, language and time frame constraints, the absence of a methodological quality assessment, inconsistencies in defining Indigenous status, exclusion of grey literature, and a focus on disease prevalence rather than disparities in risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment, which may result in an incomplete representation of Indigenous health disparities in Latin America. Future research should incorporate mental health outcomes to provide a more comprehensive understanding of Indigenous health disparities.}, }
@article {pmid40307505, year = {2025}, author = {Rolin, SA and Appelbaum, PS}, title = {Expansion of Colleges' Legal Responsibilities Regarding Student Mental Health.}, journal = {Current psychiatry reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40307505}, issn = {1535-1645}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: We review recently published literature about the mental health of college students, as well as current court cases litigating colleges' liability for student mental health and safety.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: College students experienced a dramatic increase in mental health symptoms during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, with clinically significant increases in anxiety and depression. Meanwhile, in contrast to the past when colleges were mostly immune to liability for harm to students, a major shift occurred with the courts beginning to recognize colleges as having a legally defined "special relationship" to protect students from foreseeable harm. Recently, court cases in many states have expanded the circumstances under which colleges have a responsibility to protect students from themselves and from each other, and to foster students' mental health. The past few years have constituted a changing landscape for colleges with regard to their legal responsibilities related to student mental health. As college students experienced worsening mental health distress, recent court cases increased colleges' liability to ensure safety and create a supportive environment for students' mental health.}, }
@article {pmid40306545, year = {2025}, author = {Li, H and Min, L and Du, H and Wei, X and Tong, A}, title = {Cancer mRNA vaccines: clinical application progress and challenges.}, journal = {Cancer letters}, volume = {625}, number = {}, pages = {217752}, doi = {10.1016/j.canlet.2025.217752}, pmid = {40306545}, issn = {1872-7980}, abstract = {Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as one of the most promising and rapidly evolving immunotherapeutic approaches due to their ease of production, demonstrated clinical efficacy, and high safety. The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic has showcased the remarkable therapeutic potential of mRNA vaccines, prompting researchers to explore their use for cancer treatment. Preclinical studies and human clinical trials have indicated their substantial clinical applicability. However, current research faces several challenges, including the complexity of tumor antigen selection, vaccine stability, and the development of resistance. This review summarizes the optimization strategies for cancer mRNA vaccines in preclinical settings, the progress of clinical trials, and the challenges encountered while analyzing various delivery vehicle types, infusion methods, and application cases across different cancer types, highlighting key factors in vaccine design. The findings demonstrate that mRNA vaccines elicit specific immune responses and exhibit favorable safety and tolerability in clinical trials. Moreover, developing personalized neoantigen vaccines offers a novel direction for cancer immunotherapy. The unique contribution of this review lies in its comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in therapeutic mRNA vaccines for cancer treatment while identifying critical areas for future research to propel the field forward.}, }
@article {pmid40306115, year = {2025}, author = {Aghaali, Z and Zargar, M and Naghavi, MR}, title = {Encapsulation of Ferula-derived bioactive compounds in nanoparticles: A promising therapeutic route for cancers and infectious diseases.}, journal = {International immunopharmacology}, volume = {157}, number = {}, pages = {114705}, doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114705}, pmid = {40306115}, issn = {1878-1705}, abstract = {The biomedical sector is constantly searching for new drugs that efficiently improve human health and well-being with minimum side effects. Bio-inspired nanomedicine has emerged as a feasible alternative to chemotherapeutic agents for diagnosis and therapy due to its safety, biocompatibility, affordability, and sustainability. Among biological sources available for green nanomedicine are plants offering the avoidance of the labor-intensive and time-consuming processes of cultivation and maintenance compared to microorganisms. With a long history of treating over a hundred health-related issues, Ferula-derived metabolites have received special consideration for combining with nanoparticles (NPs) since they have been reported to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of NPs, enable targeted drug delivery, and ensure controlled release, which make them elusive candidates for green nanotechnology. This review aimed to provide comprehensive information about the inhibitory effects of NPs carrying Ferula-originated bioactive compounds on several cancers and pathogenic bacteria. Plus, it explores the potential of these NPs in addressing different viral diseases, such as HIV, SARS-CoV2, and hepatitis. The anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral mechanisms of action are also briefed. The valuable insights provided by this article may result in the development of designer Ferula-based NPs that satisfy the growing needs of the pharmaceutical industry for innovative and effective medications.}, }
@article {pmid40305976, year = {2025}, author = {Dakiniewich, A and Graham, S and Dyda, A and McHugh, L}, title = {Pregnancy loss &lt;28 weeks gestation in maternal influenza and COVID-19 vaccination studies: a review of data sources, 2009-2024.}, journal = {Public health}, volume = {243}, number = {}, pages = {105733}, doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105733}, pmid = {40305976}, issn = {1476-5616}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To address gaps in maternal vaccination and pregnancy loss research, large, complex datasets are needed. We aimed to identify and evaluate data sources and data collection methods currently used to capture pregnancy losses <28 weeks following maternal influenza and COVID-19 vaccination research.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Narrative Review.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to identify studies that investigated pregnancy loss <28 gestational weeks following influenza and COVID-19 vaccinations from January 1st[,] 2009, to March 19th[,] 2024. Within the resulting studies, the data source(s) used to capture exposure and outcome data were identified and categorised. The capacity to capture and measure exposures, outcomes, and missing data within categories was investigated.<br><br>RESULTS: 28 articles met the inclusion criteria, representing 1,113,878 participants. Most articles (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;19) used multiple data sources within the one study, often obtaining exposure and outcome data from separate data sources. Categories of data sources included: registries, adverse reporting systems, medical records, and survey or interview methods.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Current data collection practices and existing data sources are adversely impacting data quality, and the ability to combine large datasets necessary for analysing early pregnancy loss risk factors. This also hinders our ability to evaluate the safety of early maternal vaccination and subsequent miscarriage. Establishing pregnancy loss registries using standardised data collection and coding practices, consistent terminology, and accurate exposure and outcome timing is critical. In the absence of registries, we propose an alternative source to capture both pregnancy loss and maternal vaccination data.}, }
@article {pmid40305634, year = {2025}, author = {Gilliland, K and Kilinsky, A}, title = {Vaccine Hesitancy: Where Are We Now?.}, journal = {Pediatric annals}, volume = {54}, number = {5}, pages = {e154-e159}, doi = {10.3928/19382359-20250307-01}, pmid = {40305634}, issn = {1938-2359}, mesh = {Child ; Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology ; Social Media ; *Vaccination/psychology ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology ; *Vaccination Refusal/psychology ; }, abstract = {Vaccine hesitancy is the delay in acceptance or outright refusal of immunizations, which has evolved into a growing public health threat. In this article, we explore recent trends in vaccine hesitancy in the setting of the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic, vaccine-specific variations, social media influence, and sociodemographic factors. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the antivaccine movement gained increasing support and generated widespread conspiracy theories and mistrust. This highlighted the importance of enhancing communication between the health care field and general public. While the impact of antivaccine social media is widespread, physicians have also begun to use technology to spread factual information and increase vaccination uptake. There is a growing body of evidence regarding sociodemographic data, including the pervasive impact of medical racism on vaccine hesitancy, with additional studies on age, education, income, and more. Providers must serve as communicators and focus on presumptive language, strong recommendations, and tailored conversations with families who are hesitant about vaccines. [Pediatr Ann. 2025;54(5):e154-e159.].}, }
@article {pmid40305533, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, R and Lin, M and Yu, S and Xue, X and Hu, X and Wang, Z}, title = {Predictors of post-COVID-19 syndrome: a meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of infection in developing countries}, volume = {19}, number = {4}, pages = {490-497}, doi = {10.3855/jidc.18574}, pmid = {40305533}, issn = {1972-2680}, mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Male ; Comorbidity ; *COVID-19/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; Dyspnea/diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sex Factors ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Post Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Syndrome also known as long COVID-19 would affect survivors of various patients. At present, the evidence for predicting a poor prognosis of COVID-19 remains insufficient. This study aims to explore potential predictors of post-COVID-19 syndrome.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: A systematic review process and meta-analysis method are applied to identify the predictors. Systematic searches were conducted without language restrictions from December 1, 2019, to February 28, 2022, on PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library using specific keywords relevant to our targets. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale observational research tool was used to assess study quality and the R (4.1.1) package meta was used for statistical analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Our meta-analysis of 14 studies showed that females (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.19-1.70), the severity of patients (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.26-4.68), comorbidity (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.29-3.35), dyspnea (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.34-3.04) associated with a higher risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that females, the severity of COVID-19, comorbidity, and dyspnea were associated with a higher risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome. More attention should be paid to these factors to prevent and treat post-COVID-19 syndrome.}, }
@article {pmid40303414, year = {2025}, author = {Lupu, A and Gavrilovici, C and Mihai, CM and Tonco, DC and Nedelcu, AH and Pertea, L and Chisnoiu, T and Baciu, G and Stoicescu, RM and Salaru, DL and Badescu, MC and Cuciureanu, M and Cirstea, O and Lupu, VV}, title = {Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1554787}, pmid = {40303414}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology/immunology ; *Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology/immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/therapy/complications ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Infant ; }, abstract = {This narrative review aims to analyze and compare the current literature on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Kawasaki disease (KD), with a focus on case definitions, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and outcomes. Through a comprehensive review of relevant studies, including screening titles, abstracts, and full-text articles, key similarities and differences were identified. Both MIS-C and KD involve immune system dysregulation and share clinical manifestations such as rash, gastrointestinal symptoms, and cardiovascular involvement, with treatments often centered around immunomodulatory therapies. However, significant differences were observed, particularly in terms of age distribution, demographic prevalence, clinical presentation, and diagnostic criteria, with KD primarily affecting younger children and being associated more prominently with coronary artery abnormalities. While both diseases raise concerns about severe cardiac involvement and the need for intensive care, their pathogenic mechanisms have not been fully understood. Ongoing research is critical to elucidating these mechanisms, refining diagnostic criteria, and optimizing therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes for affected children. This comparative analysis is essential for advancing the understanding of both conditions, as accurately distinguishing between MIS-C and KD has significant implications for clinical decision-making and patient management. Given their overlapping yet distinct clinical features, precise differentiation is critical for ensuring timely diagnosis, optimizing therapeutic strategies, and improving patient outcomes. The concern among pediatric patients stems from the potential for severe complications, particularly cardiac involvement, which underscores the need for heightened awareness, early recognition, and evidence-based treatment strategies to minimize long-term morbidity and mortality.}, }
@article {pmid40302570, year = {2025}, author = {Feng, SS and Zhang, S}, title = {[Advances in pulmonary pathology in China over the past ten years: retrospect and prospect].}, journal = {Zhonghua bing li xue za zhi = Chinese journal of pathology}, volume = {54}, number = {5}, pages = {425-434}, doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20241024-00697}, pmid = {40302570}, issn = {0529-5807}, mesh = {Humans ; China ; *COVID-19/pathology/diagnosis ; *Lung Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Lung/pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/pathology/diagnosis ; Artificial Intelligence ; Liquid Biopsy ; }, abstract = {Over the past decade, China has made remarkable achievements in the updating of molecular characteristics and diagnostic criteria of lung cancer, pathological characteristics of COVID-19, classification scheme of interstitial lung disease, application of artificial intelligence in pulmonary pathological diagnosis, and clinical application of new biomarkers such as liquid biopsy. The Chinese Journal of Pathology has witnessed a revolution in this field. On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the journal, this article reviews the development of pulmonary pathology over the past decade and looks forward to the future trend.}, }
@article {pmid40302322, year = {2025}, author = {Xi, Y and Zhou, Z and Chang, T and Dou, G and Chu, Z}, title = {Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy Mediated by COVID-19 Infection: Insights into its Clinical Features and Pathogenesis.}, journal = {Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)}, volume = {30}, number = {4}, pages = {26412}, doi = {10.31083/FBL26412}, pmid = {40302322}, issn = {2768-6698}, support = {82371071//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 81970814//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82000905//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021JSTS28//Clinical AFFMU foundation support/ ; 22YXYJ0053//Science and Technology Project of Xi'an/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Retinal Diseases/etiology/pathology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adult ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Acute Disease ; Blood-Retinal Barrier/pathology ; Macula Lutea/pathology ; }, abstract = {Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) is a rare retinal condition that predominantly affects young females. The incidence of AMN increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, thereby providing a unique opportunity to elucidate the etiology of this disease. In the present study, 24 articles reporting 59 patients were reviewed. The average age of the patients was 33.51 ± 14.02 years, ranging from 16 to 75 years, with females comprising 71.19% of the cases. The average duration of ocular symptoms post-infection was 8.22 ± 10.69 days, ranging from 4 to 150 days. This study investigated the potential pathogenesis of AMN, including the impact of COVID-19 on retinal neurovascular structure and function, immune-mediated inflammatory factor production, blood-retinal barrier disruption, and retinal microvascular damage, as well as potential clinical therapeutic interventions. This research provides a theoretical framework that can inform further investigations of AMN.}, }
@article {pmid40301951, year = {2025}, author = {Jafari-Vayghan, H and Rahimlou, M and Almasi-Hashiani, A and Aframehr, E and Saleh-Ghadimi, S}, title = {Effect of the vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes and inflammatory status in COVID-19 patients: an umbrella review.}, journal = {BMC nutrition}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {86}, pmid = {40301951}, issn = {2055-0928}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The role of vitamin D supplementation in modulating clinical outcomes and inflammatory responses in COVID- 19 patients has garnered significant interest. This umbrella review consolidates current evidence to evaluate the association between vitamin D supplementation and COVID- 19-related outcomes.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases to identify relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Studies assessing the impact of vitamin D supplementation on disease severity, mortality, hospitalization, and inflammatory markers in COVID- 19 patients were included. Methodological quality was assessed using standardized tools.<br><br>RESULTS: The findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be associated with reduced mortality and improved clinical outcomes in COVID- 19 patients. Several studies reported a decrease in inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin- 6, following supplementation. However, variations in study design, dosage regimens, and baseline vitamin D status limit the generalizability of results.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Vitamin D supplementation appears to have a potential role in improving clinical outcomes and modulating inflammatory responses in COVID- 19 patients. Nevertheless, due to heterogeneity among studies, further high-quality randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings.}, }
@article {pmid40301825, year = {2025}, author = {Khanlari, P and NoorbalaTafti, A and Ghasemi, F and Ghiyasvandian, S and Azam, K and Zakerian, SA}, title = {Identification and classification of risk factors for mental health problems in healthcare workers using a systemic framework: an umbrella review.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {1581}, pmid = {40301825}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {Humans ; *Health Personnel/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Risk Factors ; *Depression/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Anxiety/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mental health problems are high among healthcare workers (HCWs) due to difficult and complex working conditions. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety through existing meta-analyses and identify risk factors related to these mental health issues at different levels of the work system.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted an umbrella review with a scoping approach to identify and select studies related to depression and anxiety among HCWs. This study was conducted according to a five-step scoping approach. The search included only studies published before January 2024. The final studies were reviewed and selected using EndNote X9, with information extracted according to specific criteria.<br><br>RESULTS: Sixty-one studies were included in the final stage and necessary information was extracted from them, 47 articles reported prevalence and risk factors were extracted from 29 articles. Most of the studies were conducted in the context of Covid-19. prevalence of depression varied between 20.5% and 46.2% and for anxiety, it was between 21.9 and 47%. Factors related to depression and anxiety were divided into four levels of the work system, including individual factors, work and unit factors, organizational factors, and external factors.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Numerous secondary studies indicate a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among HCWs, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study introduces a framework for systematically identifying mental health problems. Future research is encouraged to utilize this framework to identify risk factors contributing to mental health challenges. It is recommended to use a systemic approach to managing mental health problems.}, }
@article {pmid40301746, year = {2025}, author = {Han, Y and Wang, Z and Li, X and Zhong, Z}, title = {Differences in chest imaging between Omicron and non-Omicron coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {631}, pmid = {40301746}, issn = {1471-2334}, support = {No. JJKH20221045KJ//Scientific and technological research program of Jilin provincial education department/ ; No. JJKH20221045KJ//Scientific and technological research program of Jilin provincial education department/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnostic imaging/virology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; *Lung/diagnostic imaging/virology/pathology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have posed a great threat to human health. We carried out this systematic review and meta-analysis for two objectives. First, to evaluate the differences in lung infection between the Omicron variants and the non-Omicron strains by chest computed tomography (CT); second, to evaluate the differences in chest CT features between COVID-19 patients with the Omicron variants and those with non-Omicron strains in CT-positive cases.<br><br>METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for articles and performed a meta-analysis using Stata 14.0 with a random effects model.<br><br>RESULTS: Our study included a total of 8126 patients with COVID-19, 4113 with the Omicron variants, and 4013 with non-Omicron strains. Patients with the Omicron variants were less likely to be CT-positive (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.14, 95% CI: 0.08-0.25), and further analysis among CT-positive patients was performed. Compared with the CT images of patients with non-Omicron strains, those of patients with the Omicron variants showed atypical pulmonary features (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.02, 95% CI: 2.31-6.98). Moreover, patients with the Omicron variants typically had lesions that were mainly located in the center of the lung (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.51, 95% CI: 1.38-14.76) and in a single lobe (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.72, 95% CI: 1.10-2.70). The patients with the Omicron variants were less likely to have lesions in both lungs (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.33, 95% CI: 0.15-0.69), more likely to have bronchial wall thickening (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.99, 95% CI: 1.05-3.77) and less likely to have the crazy-paving pattern (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.51, 95% CI: 0.33-0.81), linear opacity (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.26, 95% CI: 0.12-0.60), and vascular enlargement (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.54, 95% CI: 0.35-0.84).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Through meta-analysis, which yields the highest level of evidence for evidence-based medicine, we further confirmed that there were significant differences in the distribution and manifestations of lesions between patients with non-Omicron strains and those with the Omicron variants on chest CT. The variation in SARS-CoV-2 has never stopped. Our findings are useful for the diagnosis and treatment of new SARS-CoV-2 variants that may appear in the future and provide a basis for public health decision-making.<br><br>PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024581869.}, }
@article {pmid40300883, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, P and Huang, Q and Liu, B and Xu, Q and Li, X and Feng, G and Liu, Y}, title = {Oxygen therapy in the intensive care unit.}, journal = {Medical gas research}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {478-487}, doi = {10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00143}, pmid = {40300883}, issn = {2045-9912}, mesh = {Humans ; *Intensive Care Units ; *Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods ; COVID-19/therapy ; Respiration, Artificial ; Oxygen ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Oxygen therapy is a crucial treatment method for maintaining vital signs in patients in the intensive care unit. However, several controversial issues have emerged regarding its clinical application. This article analyzes current research trends in oxygen therapy in the intensive care unit and provides guidance and recommendations. Relevant literature was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, and keyword co-occurrence and highly cited literature hotspot analyses were conducted using VOSviewer 1.6.19 software. The key topics related to oxygen therapy in the intensive care unit primarily focus on four areas: oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 and its role in reducing mortality, research on hypoxia and oxygen saturation monitoring, and oxygen inhalation therapy in the intensive care unit. The analysis of highly cited literature indicates that the main research hotspots regarding oxygen therapy used in the intensive care unit focus primarily on conservative oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal oxygen therapy, comparisons of high- and low-oxygenation strategies, and research on hyperbaric oxygen therapy. First, the potential of conservative oxygen therapy to reduce mortality rates in the intensive care unit has attracted considerable attention; however, further clinical studies are needed to validate its optimal parameters and suitable patient populations. Second, high-flow nasal oxygen therapy has been shown to be effective in alleviating respiratory distress and reducing the need for intubation. This therapy can deliver oxygen flows of up to 60 L/min, effectively improving respiratory distress and decreasing intubation demands. In patients subjected to high-risk extubation, the combination of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation significantly lowers the rate of reintubation, making the combined approach one of the best strategies to prevent respiratory failure after extubation in the intensive care unit. Third, there are differences between lower and higher oxygenation strategies regarding their effects on patient mortality, long-term outcomes, and clinician preferences; however, there is currently no clear evidence indicating which strategy is superior. Clinicians' preferences regarding various oxygenation targets may impact the design of future studies. Finally, hyperbaric oxygen therapy is recognized as an effective supportive treatment for various critical conditions and has significant application value in acute severe traumatic brain injury, cerebral resuscitation, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Currently, researchers are continually exploring the latest oxygen therapies in the intensive care unit. Several randomized controlled clinical trials investigating automated oxygen control, novel high-flow nasal oxygen therapy, and combined oxygen therapy are underway. The results of these trials should be closely observed. Overall, this article provides a systematic review and valuable reference for the scientific and rational application of oxygen therapy in the intensive care unit. Future research should focus on verifying the optimal parameters of conservative oxygen therapy, assessing oxygen needs in different patient populations, evaluating the long-term effects of oxygen treatment, and developing novel oxygen therapy technologies and devices.}, }
@article {pmid40299886, year = {2025}, author = {Okmi, M and Ang, TF and Mohd Zaki, MF and Ku, CS and Phan, KY and Wahyudi, I and Por, LY}, title = {Mobile Phone Network Data in the COVID-19 era: A systematic review of applications, socioeconomic factors affecting compliance to non-pharmaceutical interventions, privacy implications, and post-pandemic economic recovery strategies.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, pages = {e0322520}, pmid = {40299886}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/economics ; *Cell Phone/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Pandemics ; Privacy ; Socioeconomic Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smartphone ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The use of traditional mobility datasets, such as travel surveys and census data, has significantly impacted various disciplines, including transportation, urban sensing, criminology, and healthcare. However, because these datasets represent only discrete instances of measurement, they miss continuous temporal shifts in human activities, failing to record the majority of human mobility patterns in real-time. Bolstered by the rapid expansion of telecommunication networks and the ubiquitous use of smartphones, mobile phone network data (MPND) played a pivotal role in fighting and controlling the spread of COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: We conduct an extensive review of the state-of-the-art and recent advancements in the application of MPND for analyzing the early and post-stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Additionally, we evaluate and assess the included studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Furthermore, we apply bibliometric analysis to visualize publication structures, co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence networks.<br><br>RESULTS: After the full-text screening process against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, our systematic literature review identified 55 studies that utilized MPND in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: 46 (83.6%) were quantitative, and 9 (16.4%) were qualitative. These quantitative studies can be classified into five main groups: monitoring and tracking of human mobility patterns (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;11), investigating the correlation between mobility patterns and the spread of COVID-19 (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;7), analyzing the recovery of economic activities and travel patterns (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;5), assessing factors associated with NPI compliance (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;5), and investigating the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) measures on human behaviors, urban dynamics, and economic activity (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;18). In addition, our findings indicate that NPI measures had a significant impact on reducing human movement and dynamics. However, demographics, political party affiliation, socioeconomic inequality, and racial inequality had a significant impact on population adherence to NPI measures, which could increase disease spread and delay social and economic recovery.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The usage of MPND for monitoring and tracking human activities and mobility patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic raises privacy implications and ethical concerns. Thus, striking a balance between meeting the ethical requirements and maintaining privacy risks should be further discovered and investigated in the future.}, }
@article {pmid40299497, year = {2025}, author = {Galindo-Méndez, M and Galindo-Ruiz, M and Concheso-Venegas, MF and Mendoza-Molina, SU and Orozco-Cruz, D and Weintraub-Benzion, E}, title = {The Impact of Vitamin D in the Prevention of Influenza, COVID-19, and Dengue: A Review.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40299497}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {Since its discovery, vitamin D (VD) has been known for its implications in maintaining bone homeostasis. However, in recent years it has been discovered that the vitamin D receptor is expressed on different cells of the immune system and that these cells can locally produce the active form of this molecule, calcitriol, strongly suggesting that this vitamin might play a key role in both branches of the immune system, innate and adaptive. Recent evidence has demonstrated that VD participates in the different protective phases of the immune system against invading microorganisms, including in the activation and production of antimicrobial peptides, in the inactivation of replication of infectious agents, in the prevention of the exposure of cellular receptors to microbial adhesion, and, more importantly, in the modulation of the inflammatory response. In recent years, the world has witnessed major outbreaks of an ancient infectious disease, dengue fever; the emergence of a pandemic caused by an unknown virus, SARS-CoV-2; and the resurgence of a common respiratory infection, influenza. Despite belonging to different viral families, the etiological agents of these infections present a common trait: their capacity to cause complications not only through their cytopathic effect on target tissues but also through the excessive inflammatory response produced by the human host against an infection. This review outlines the current understanding of the role that vitamin D plays in the prevention of the aforementioned diseases and in the development of their complications through its active participation as a major modulator of the immune response.}, }
@article {pmid40298974, year = {2025}, author = {Pettenuzzo, T and Balzani, E and Sella, N and Giani, M and Bassi, M and Fincati, V and Cescon, R and Pacchiarini, G and Pandolfo, G and Ceccato, R and Grønlykke, L and Staudacher, DL and Nesseler, N and Raasveld, SJ and Carron, M and Pistollato, E and Mormando, G and Zarantonello, F and De Cassai, A and Boscolo, A and Rezoagli, E and Foti, G and Navalesi, P}, title = {Prone positioning during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Intensive care medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40298974}, issn = {1432-1238}, abstract = {PURPOSE: The evidence supporting the benefit on clinical outcomes of prone positioning during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure remains inconclusive. We aimed to assess the association of prone positioning, compared to no prone positioning, with 28-day mortality and other clinical outcomes in different patient subgroups.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using a random-effects model was conducted. An electronic database search up to September 1st, 2024 was performed (PROSPERO CRD42024517602). The RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools were used for risk of bias assessments.<br><br>RESULTS: We analyzed two RCTs and 20 non-RCTs (3,465 patients). Compared to no prone positioning, the use of prone positioning was associated with lower 28-day (odds ratio [OR] 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42-0.98, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.040, I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;66%, low certainty of evidence [CoE]) and hospital mortality (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54-0.83, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001, I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;39%, low CoE), despite fewer 28-day ventilator-free days and longer ECMO duration. Younger age (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.005), a higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.022), non-Covid-19 etiology (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.003), and lower rates of prone positioning before cannulation (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.049) were associated with a greater benefit from prone positioning.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In this analysis, among patients supported with V-V ECMO for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, we observed improved 28-day and hospital mortality in those who received prone positioning, compared to those who did not. However, these findings do not imply causation. Further research is needed to clarify the role of prone positioning in this population.}, }
@article {pmid40298723, year = {2025}, author = {Carbonera, JB and Silva, SMD and Cunha, CJCA}, title = {Leading a hospital in the COVID-19 pandemic: an integrative review.}, journal = {Ciencia &amp; saude coletiva}, volume = {30}, number = {4}, pages = {e14682023}, doi = {10.1590/1413-81232025304.14682023}, pmid = {40298723}, issn = {1678-4561}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Leadership ; Pandemics ; *Hospital Administration ; }, abstract = {The objective of this review was to investigate the experiences lived by leaders during the pandemic period and their potential contributions. It is an integrative review based on the methodology proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005). The search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, LILACS, SciELO, and CINAHL, resulting in the retrieval of 1,538 articles. In the analysis of the included articles, the difficulties faced by identified leaderships were: fear, stress, burnout syndrome, insecurity, prejudice, anger, communication problems, external challenges related to lockdown, school and daycare closures, Personal Protective Equipment, budget and funding, separation of family members from the hospital, overload, and difficulties in leading the team and leading individually. In cases where the leader managed to deal with the difficulties and shifted their focus to people-focused leadership, it was possible to confront one of the greatest health crises in history. Leadership produced positive outcomes such as streamlining, a sense of professional appreciation, improvement in continuous education, strengthening of team spirit, knowledge sharing, and development of health services.}, }
@article {pmid40298344, year = {2025}, author = {Collà Ruvolo, C and Morra, S and Di Bello, F and Cilio, S and Fraia, A and Polverino, F and Creta, M and Longo, N and Imbimbo, C and Checcucci, E and Puliatti, S and Dell'oglio, P and Califano, G}, title = {A systematic review assessing the reliability of studies focusing on urological content on YouTube.}, journal = {Minerva urology and nephrology}, volume = {77}, number = {2}, pages = {192-201}, doi = {10.23736/S2724-6051.24.05994-9}, pmid = {40298344}, issn = {2724-6442}, mesh = {*Social Media/standards ; Humans ; *Urology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Video Recording ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In recent years, several publications have focused on analyzing the quality of medical content on YouTube. The current systematic review aimed to summarize and analyze the available studies examining YouTube video content in the urological field.<br><br>EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: This is a systematic review including studies examining urological content uploaded on the YouTube platform published before November 2023. The following keywords were combined to capture relevant publications with a title/abstract search: ("Urology" OR "Andrology") AND ("YouTube" OR "Social media").<br><br>EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: According to the inclusion criteria, 84 studies were included. Of all, 74 (88%) studies were published after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. A total of 52 (62%) studies used the DISCERN score, 29 (35%) the PEMAT A/V score, 30 (36%) the GQS, 23 (27%) the Misinformation score, 14 (17%) the Likert scale, and 13 (15%) the JAMA score. According to the conclusion, 62 (74%) studies reported poor quality results. Among all, only 10 (12%) studies respected our criteria of best quality methodology, defined as: 1) description of the research time frame; 2) use of incognito status; 3) the description of the inter-rater variability between reviewers; 4) use of at least one quality assessment tool.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The systematic review highlights significant variability in results and methodologies across studies on the quality analysis of urological content on YouTube. The official urological community should establish guidelines for authors, aiming to enhance the reliability and importance of such publications as valuable resources for daily clinical practice.}, }
@article {pmid40298141, year = {2025}, author = {Taylor, BD and Haggerty, CL and Amabebe, E and Richardson, LS}, title = {Current Evidence of Maternal Infection With Chlamydia trachomatis and Preeclampsia Risk.}, journal = {American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)}, volume = {93}, number = {5}, pages = {e70080}, doi = {10.1111/aji.70080}, pmid = {40298141}, issn = {1600-0897}, support = {1R01AI143653//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; 1R01AI141501//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Pre-Eclampsia/epidemiology ; *Chlamydia trachomatis/physiology ; *Chlamydia Infections/epidemiology/complications/immunology ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. Ascending C. trachomatis can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), potentially leading to subsequent infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is growing evidence implicating infections (e.g., COVID-19, cytomegalovirus) in preeclampsia etiology, a maternal hypertensive disorder and leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. However, few studies have investigated the impact of STIs on preeclampsia risk. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential association between C. trachomatis and preeclampsia and identify future research needs through a critical evaluation of epidemiologic, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Unfortunately, current methodological limitations such as lower-quality study designs, selection bias, confounding bias, and variations in chlamydia diagnostic methods inhibit our understanding of the impact of C. trachomatis on preeclampsia. In addition, bench-side approaches such as animal models and in vitro studies have not elucidated the mechanisms linking C. trachomatis to preeclampsia. Understanding the biological pathways that could be disrupted by chlamydia is important as it may ultimately guide the development and use of novel therapeutics to augment standard antibiotic therapy to reduce pathology.}, }
@article {pmid40297833, year = {2025}, author = {Baby, K and Vithalkar, MP and Dastidar, SG and Mukhopadhyay, C and Hamdy, R and Soliman, SSM and Nayak, Y}, title = {Exploring TMPRSS2 Drug Target to Combat Influenza and Coronavirus Infection.}, journal = {Scientifica}, volume = {2025}, number = {}, pages = {3687892}, pmid = {40297833}, issn = {2090-908X}, abstract = {Respiratory viral infections, including influenza and coronaviruses, present significant health risks worldwide. The recent COVID-19 pandemic highlights the urgent need for novel and effective antiviral agents. The host cell protease, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), facilitates viral pathogenesis by playing a critical role in viral invasion and disease progression. This protease is coexpressed with the viral receptors of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for SARS-CoV-2 in the human respiratory tract and plays a significant role in activating viral proteins and spreading. TMPRSS2 activates the coronavirus spike (S) protein and permits membrane fusion and viral entry by cleaving the virus surface glycoproteins. It also activates the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, an enzyme necessary for the spread of influenza virus. TMPRSS2 inhibitors can reduce viral propagation and morbidity by blocking viral entry into respiratory cells and reducing viral spread, inflammation, and disease severity. This review examines the role of TMPRSS2 in viral replication and pathogenicity. It also offers potential avenues to develop targeted antivirals to inhibit TMPRSS2 function, suggesting a possible focus on targeted antiviral development. Ultimately, the review seeks to contribute to improving public health outcomes related to these viral infections.}, }
@article {pmid40297655, year = {2025}, author = {Appiah, PO and Odoom, A and Tetteh-Quarcoo, PB and Kotey, FCN and Donkor, ES}, title = {Microbial Contamination of Door Handles: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Public and Healthcare Settings.}, journal = {Environmental health insights}, volume = {19}, number = {}, pages = {11786302251328550}, pmid = {40297655}, issn = {1178-6302}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The public health risk of microbial contamination of fomites is evident from the numerous fomite-associated outbreaks that have occurred in several countries. Despite the high-touch nature of door handles across various settings, no comprehensive synthesis of contamination rates and microbial profiles has been performed.<br><br>AIM: The aim of this work was to assess the prevalence and types of microbial contamination on door handles in public and healthcare settings.<br><br>METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published up to July 2024. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated via a random-effects model, and subgroup analyses were performed to assess differences on the basis of pathogen type, handle location, and setting.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 27 studies met the eligibility criteria. The overall estimation of microbial contamination of door handles revealed a prevalence of 9.96% (95% CI:&#x2009;5.87&#x2012;14.11). Compared with viral contamination which was observed to be 17.73% (95% CI:&#x2009;9.24&#x2012;27.81), bacterial contamination was less common at 6.20% (95%&#x2009;CI: 2.90&#x2012;10.42). The most predominant bacterial agent was Bacillus spp. (55.74%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (25.00%); the most prevalent virus was rotavirus (62.50%). The rate of contamination was higher for toilet door handles (23.04%) than for other public and healthcare handles (7.75%). Hospitals presented slightly higher contamination rates (10.82%) than did public settings (8.97%).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This systematic review highlights the widespread microbial contamination of door handles, particularly in public and healthcare environments. While bacterial contamination is predominant, the finding of viruses such as rotavirus, norovirus and even SARS-CoV-2 highlights the stringency of cleaning that has to be applied. These findings emphasise the need for targeted hygiene interventions to reduce the risk of pathogen transmission via door handles, particularly in high-traffic areas.}, }
@article {pmid40295963, year = {2025}, author = {Rotundo, S and Serapide, F and Berardelli, L and Gullì, SP and Mongiardi, S and Tassone, MT and Trecarichi, EM and Russo, A}, title = {Early combined therapy for COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: a promising approach against viral persistence and drug resistance.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {616}, pmid = {40295963}, issn = {1471-2334}, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/immunology ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *Drug Resistance, Viral ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; }, abstract = {Immunocompromised (IC) patients face significant challenges in managing COVID-19 due to their heightened susceptibility to severe illness, persistent infections, and the potential development of drug resistance. Studies indicate that IC patients, particularly those with hematologic malignancies (HM), hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTR), or solid organ transplants (SOTR), experience higher mortality rates and worse outcomes compared to the general population, even post-vaccination. The persistence of the virus in these patients, combined with its rapid mutation, further complicates treatment. Recent evidence supports the use of combined neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) as a more effective approach to viral clearance, reducing mortality, and preventing relapses. However, the rise of resistant variants, especially to mAbs, and concerns about the safety of prolonged or intensive therapies pose ongoing challenges. Monotherapies often fail short to address these issues, highlighting the need for early combined therapy (ECT) with mAbs and DAAs. ECT has shown promise in managing COVID-19 in IC individuals by targeting multiple stages of the viral lifecycle, reducing viral load, and clearing infections at earlier stages, which helps mitigate the risks of severe disease and drug resistance. Continued research is essential to refine these treatment protocols, especially as the virus evolves. Although further studies are needed, current findings suggest that ECT may become the standard of care for managing COVID-19 in severely IC patients, offering better clinical outcomes and hindering viral persistence.}, }
@article {pmid40295886, year = {2024}, author = {Marano, V and Vlachová, &#x160; and Tiano, SML and Cortese, M}, title = {A portrait of the infected cell: how SARS-CoV-2 infection reshapes cellular processes and pathways.}, journal = {Npj viruses}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {66}, pmid = {40295886}, issn = {2948-1767}, support = {HT-ECF 763//Human Technopole/ ; }, abstract = {Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses exert a profound influence on cellular organelles and metabolic pathway by usurping host processes to promote their replication. In this review, we present a portrait of selected cellular pathways perturbed in SARS-CoV-2 infection: the effect of viral translation, replication and assembly on the morphology and function of the ER, the remodelling of degradative pathways with a focus on the autophagic processes, and the alterations affecting cellular membranes and lipid metabolism. For each of these cellular processes, we highlight the specific viral and host factors involved and their interplay in this microscopic tug-of-war between pro-viral and anti-viral effects that ultimately tip the scale toward the propagation or the resolution of the infection.}, }
@article {pmid40295852, year = {2025}, author = {Kayesh, MEH and Kohara, M and Tsukiyama-Kohara, K}, title = {Effects of oxidative stress on viral infections: an overview.}, journal = {Npj viruses}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {27}, pmid = {40295852}, issn = {2948-1767}, abstract = {Viral infections can trigger increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and a reduced antioxidant response in the host, leading to redox stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and ultimately, cell and tissue damage, which contribute to disease development. A better understanding of how ROS contributes to viral pathogenesis is critical for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on ROS production and its effects across various viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, influenza A virus, dengue virus, Zika virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections, to improve future therapeutic and preventive strategies for these infections.}, }
@article {pmid40295844, year = {2025}, author = {Lauster, D and Haag, R and Ballauff, M and Herrmann, A}, title = {Balancing stability and function: impact of the surface charge of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein.}, journal = {Npj viruses}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {23}, pmid = {40295844}, issn = {2948-1767}, support = {431232613//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 431232613//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 434130070//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 431232613//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; }, abstract = {The ectodomain of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 spike has an increased positive surface charge, favoring binding to the host cell surface, but may affect the stability of the ectodomain. Thermal stability studies identified two transitions associated with the flexibility of the receptor binding domain and the unfolding of the whole ectodomain, respectively. Despite destabilizing effects of some mutations, compensatory mutations maintain ECD stability and functional advantages thus supporting viral fitness.}, }
@article {pmid40295787, year = {2025}, author = {Cabrera, A and Mason, E and Mullins, LP and Sadarangani, M}, title = {Antimicrobial resistance and vaccines in Enterobacteriaceae including extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.}, journal = {npj antimicrobials and resistance}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {34}, pmid = {40295787}, issn = {2731-8745}, abstract = {Antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are increasingly a clinical challenge. In particular, extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae threaten public health. Vaccination presents a long-term strategy to reduce both drug-susceptible and resistant infections while maintaining current clinical therapies. The review aims to emphasize the need for vaccines targeting extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli and K. pneumoniae by providing an overview of disease burden, antimicrobial resistance, therapeutics, and vaccine development.}, }
@article {pmid40295763, year = {2024}, author = {Koolaparambil Mukesh, R and Yinda, CK and Munster, VJ and van Doremalen, N}, title = {Beyond COVID-19: the promise of next-generation coronavirus vaccines.}, journal = {Npj viruses}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {39}, pmid = {40295763}, issn = {2948-1767}, abstract = {Coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused three global outbreaks: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, with significant mortality and morbidity. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raised serious concerns about the global preparedness for a pandemic. Furthermore, the changing antigenic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 led to new variants with increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Thus, the development of broad-spectrum vaccines against current and future emerging variants of CoVs will be an essential tool in pandemic preparedness. Distinct phylogenetic features within CoVs complicate and limit the process of generating a pan-CoV vaccine capable of targeting the entire Coronaviridae family. In this review, we aim to provide a detailed overview of the features of CoVs, their phylogeny, current vaccines against various CoVs, the efforts in developing broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccines, and the future.}, }
@article {pmid40295300, year = {2025}, author = {Qi, Y and Li, JY and Wang, J and Mu, J and Deng, Q and Cui, R}, title = {De novo AML spontaneously achieved PR after COVID-19 infection, and CR after reduced dose of azacytidine combined with venetoclax: A case report and literature review.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {104}, number = {17}, pages = {e42039}, pmid = {40295300}, issn = {1536-5964}, support = {TJWJ2022XK021//Tianjin Health Research Project/ ; Y-SY2021QN-0184//Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation/ ; Y-NCJH202201-0027//Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration &amp; dosage ; *Azacitidine/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; *Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/complications ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications/drug therapy/immunology ; Remission Induction ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Sulfonamides/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {RATIONALE: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection increases the mortality of patients with hematological malignancies. The optimal treatment for de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19 is not clear.<br><br>PATIENT CONCERNS: A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our department with fever, cough dyspnea, and thrombocytopenia for 1 week.<br><br>DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed with AML associated with a TP53 mutation and complex chromosomal abnormalities by bone marrow examination. In addition, she had severe COVID-19 pneumonia when her AML was diagnosed.<br><br>INTERVENTIONS: We delayed leukemia therapy to adequately treat her severe COVID-19 pneumonia. In the therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia, the patient presented with high levels of tumor necrosis factor-&#x3b1; and interleukin 6. Surprisingly, after being treated for severe COVID-19 pneumonia, she obtained partial remission in the absence of leukemia therapy. When the severe COVID-19 pneumonia was under control, the patient achieved complete remission after she received a reduced dose of azacytidine combined with venetoclax for only 1 cycle.<br><br>OUTCOMES: After a standard dose of azacytidine combined with venetoclax for 2 cycles, the patient achieved a deep molecular remission. The results of next-generation sequencing analysis indicated that the TP53 mutation turned negative.<br><br>LESSONS: This case suggests that azacytidine combined with venetoclax could be a safe and valid option compared with intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed AML patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Whether the increased cytokine levels could indicate that COVID-19 infection might have an anti-tumor effect on AML patients remains to be further observed.}, }
@article {pmid40295228, year = {2025}, author = {Yao, YT and Xie, CM and Wang, HB and Yu, SC and , }, title = {Acute type A aortic dissection patients undergoing surgical repair during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {104}, number = {17}, pages = {e42249}, pmid = {40295228}, issn = {1536-5964}, support = {2021-I2M-C&amp;T-B-038//the Youth Teacher Training Program of Peking Union Medical College/ ; 2024RCTJ-QN002//Talent Trusteeship Program of Fuwai Yunnan Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Aortic Aneurysm/complications/mortality/surgery ; *Aortic Dissection/etiology/mortality/surgery ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a deadly form of acute aortic syndrome which necessitates emergency surgical repair. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a significant impact on surgery globally. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on ATAAD patients undergoing surgical repair remains undetermined.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing ATAAD patients undergoing aortic surgery before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic and literature review of published cases reporting COVID-19 patients undergoing surgical repair for ATAAD. PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, WANFANG, and SinoMed databases were searched for relevant studies and case reports till January 21st, 2023, and the database search was updated on January 3rd, 2024. Meta-analysis was performed by utilizing RevMan. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for dichotomous data, and weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI for continuous data, respectively. All P-values were 2-sided and statistical significance was defined as P&#x2005;<&#x2005;.05.<br><br>RESULTS: Meta-analysis of 5 included studies comparing ATAAD patients undergoing aortic surgery before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that, the patients in Group During-Pandemic (DP) were older than those in Group Before-Pandemic (BP; P&#x2005;=&#x2005;.005), and the body mass index of the patients in Group DP was lower than that of the patients in Group BP (P&#x2005;=&#x2005;.002), more patients in Group DP were smokers (P&#x2005;=&#x2005;.02). Meta-analysis also showed that, either the composite incidence of mortality and morbidities or individual morbidity was comparable between 2 groups, except that more patients in Group DP developed pneumonia (P&#x2005;=&#x2005;.05). Literature reviews of 24 published cases reporting COVID-19 patients undergoing surgical repair for ATAAD demonstrated that, twenty (83.3%) patients recovered well after aortic surgery and were finally discharged from hospital. Unfortunately, 4 patients died postoperatively, 3 due to multiple organ failure and one due to respiratory failure (RF). Reported postoperative complications included hypoxia, endotracheal re-intubation, RF, renal failure, coagulopathy, fever, multi-organ failure and shock.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The hospitalized outcomes of ATAAD patients undergoing surgical repair before versus during the COVID-19 were mostly comparable. ATAAD patients with concomitant COVID-19 infection who underwent emergent surgical repair had a high risk of mortality and morbidities.}, }
@article {pmid40294421, year = {2025}, author = {Bilinski, A and Emanuel, N and Ciaranello, A}, title = {Sins of Omission: Model-Based Estimates of the Health Effects of Excluding Pregnant Participants From Randomized Controlled Trials.}, journal = {Annals of internal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.7326/ANNALS-24-00689}, pmid = {40294421}, issn = {1539-3704}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: More than 90 million women in the United States have given birth. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of medications almost always exclude pregnant participants.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To quantify the health effects of excluding pregnant participants from RCTs.<br><br>DESIGN: Decision analytic framework applied to case studies of thalidomide, COVID-19 vaccines, and dolutegravir.<br><br>SETTING: Varied.<br><br>PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant people and their children.<br><br>MEASUREMENTS: The authors modeled the ex post facto health effects of RCTs, comparing projected health effects of medication uptake had an RCT been conducted versus historically observed outcomes. They also modeled the a priori health effects that could have been anticipated in trial planning. They converted health effect estimates to monetary value using standard benchmarks.<br><br>RESULTS: Across case studies, health benefits from conducting RCTs during pregnancy were projected to far exceed expected adverse effects (AEs) from RCTs. For example, had thalidomide been tested in a completed RCT with 200 treated participants, about 33 children would have experienced severe AEs, whereas knowledge from the RCT would have prevented 8000 thalidomide-related birth defects, 99.6% of all thalidomide-related birth defects from 1956 to 1962. Likewise, if RCTs for COVID-19 vaccines had included pregnant participants and if posttrial pregnant uptake were conservatively assumed to mirror that of age- and state-matched nonpregnant women, a projected 20% of COVID-19-related maternal deaths and stillbirths (8% of all maternal deaths and 1% of all stillbirths) in the United States would have been prevented from March to November 2021. Across case studies, the a priori value of RCT data would have exceeded the approximately $100 million cost of phase 1 to 3 RCTs.<br><br>LIMITATION: Parameter uncertainty.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Systematic inclusion in RCTs could benefit both pregnant people and their children by both speeding AE detection and increasing uptake of beneficial medications.<br><br>PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: None.}, }
@article {pmid40293968, year = {2025}, author = {Thiriveedi, M and Sto Domingo, FG and Longley, S and Patel, S and Baddam, S and Chimakurthy, A}, title = {Post-COVID-19 Guillain-Barré Syndrome with GM1 and GD1b Antibodies: A Case Study and Literature Review.}, journal = {The American journal of case reports}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {e947416}, pmid = {40293968}, issn = {1941-5923}, mesh = {Humans ; *Guillain-Barre Syndrome/immunology/diagnosis/therapy/etiology ; Male ; *COVID-19/complications ; *G(M1) Ganglioside/immunology ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Gangliosides/immunology ; *Autoantibodies/blood ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to the emergence of various neurological complications, including Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). GBS is an acute, immune-mediated disorder characterized by progressive weakness, sensory deficits, and autonomic dysfunction. Anti-ganglioside antibodies are often seen in GBS; however, they are rarely reported in the setting of COVID-19-related GBS. We present a case of post-COVID-19 GBS with positive GM1 and GD1b antibodies. CASE REPORT An 86-year-old man presented with progressive quadriparesis, sensory deficits, and hyporeflexia 4 weeks after COVID-19 infection. Brain and spine imaging were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed albuminocytological dissociation, consistent with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). Despite 2 courses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), the patient showed minimal improvement in muscle strength. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) revealed severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy, with axonal and demyelinating features. Serum testing showed elevated GM1 and GD1b anti-ganglioside antibody titers. CONCLUSIONS Although numerous cases of COVID-19-related GBS have been reported, anti-ganglioside antibody positivity, particularly GM1 and GD1b, is uncommon. The underlying mechanism is presumed to be autoimmune, likely triggered by molecular mimicry. Our case contributes to the evolving understanding of GBS immunology in the context of COVID-19. Although this case report may not alter current GBS management, the co-occurrence of GM1 and GD1b antibodies in post-COVID-19 GBS underscores the need for continued vigilance, immunological profiling, and research into potential prognostic and therapeutic implications.}, }
@article {pmid40293964, year = {2025}, author = {Li, Y and Meagher, RB and Lin, X}, title = {Tailoring mRNA lipid nanoparticles for antifungal vaccines.}, journal = {PLoS pathogens}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {e1013091}, pmid = {40293964}, issn = {1553-7374}, mesh = {Humans ; *Fungal Vaccines/immunology ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *RNA, Messenger/immunology ; *Lipids/chemistry/immunology ; *Mycoses/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; Animals ; Liposomes ; }, abstract = {Vaccination is one of the most effective public health measures for preventing and managing infectious diseases. Despite intensive efforts from the relatively small medical mycology community, developing effective vaccines against invasive fungal infections remains a scientific challenge. This is predominantly due to large antigenic repertoires, complicated life cycles, and the capacity of fungal pathogens to evade the host immune system. Additionally, antifungal vaccines often need to work for at-risk individuals who are immunodeficient. We anticipate that the success of mRNA vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its exploration for various infectious diseases and cancers will usher a new wave of antifungal vaccine research. Herein, we discuss recent advancements and key scientific areas that need to be explored to actualize the development of effective antifungal mRNA vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid40293510, year = {2025}, author = {Abraham, JN and Rawat, D and Srikanth, P and Sunny, LP and Abraham, NM}, title = {Alpha-synuclein pathology and Parkinson's disease-related olfactory dysfunctions: an update on preclinical models and therapeutic approaches.}, journal = {Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40293510}, issn = {1432-1777}, support = {BT/RLF/Re-entry/45/2014//Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India/ ; IA/S/22/2/506517//Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance/ ; }, abstract = {Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is considered one of the early signs of Parkinson's disease (PD), affecting over 90% of PD patients. OD often appears several years before the onset of motor symptoms and is therefore considered an early biomarker of PD. Recent studies have shown that COVID-19 infection might lead to worsening of symptoms and acceleration of disease progression in neurodegenerative disorders, where OD is a common symptom to both. Hence, it is essential to accurately monitor olfactory fitness in clinical settings using any of the currently available olfactory function tests. Even after a quarter of a century of the discovery of α-synuclein (α-syn) pathogenesis in PD, many aspects related to the α-syn pathogenesis in OD remain unknown. Currently, there is no definitive cure for PD; the disease management options include dopaminergic medications, deep brain stimulations, stem cells, and immunotherapy. Generating reliable PD animal models is critical for understanding the molecular pathways and neural circuits affected by disease conditions. This might contribute to the development and validation of new therapeutic approaches. This review discusses the known mechanisms of α-syn aggregated forms causing neuronal death, the recent developments in the PD preclinical models with ODs, and the treatment strategies employed.}, }
@article {pmid40293430, year = {2025}, author = {Tian, E and Ho, MK and Chou, OHI and Chong, S and Kwan, CT and Lam, AH and Chan, KT}, title = {Effectiveness of telepsychiatry interventions for youth with depressive and/or anxiety disorders: A systematic review with meta-analysis.}, journal = {Clinical child psychology and psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {13591045251338475}, doi = {10.1177/13591045251338475}, pmid = {40293430}, issn = {1461-7021}, abstract = {ObjectiveSince the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, rates of anxiety and depression in youth have risen. Telepsychiatry is a potential mode of intervention for such digital natives. This systematic review aims to examine the effectiveness of telepsychiatry for youth with depression and/or anxiety.MethodsFour electronic databases, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, were searched from their inception to May 12, 2024. Included studies were assessed for study quality and risk of bias.ResultsA search returning 29,944 records yielded 26 included studies, comprising 1,558 youths. Of 13 studies comparing depressive symptoms pre- and post-telepsychiatry intervention, symptom severity was significantly lower post-intervention compared to baseline (Hedges' g: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.08). Similarly, of six studies comparing pre- and post-telepsychiatry intervention anxiety symptoms, anxiety scores were significantly lower post-intervention (Hedges' g: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.50). Patients undergoing telepsychiatry also had superior outcomes when compared to waitlist control groups for depression (Hedges' g: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.85) but not anxiety (Hedges' g: 0.50; 95% CI: -0.09, 1.10). Certainty of these estimates ranged from moderate to very low. Qualitative feedback noted subjective improvement in symptoms and high levels of satisfaction.ConclusionTelepsychiatry has potential as a therapeutic intervention for youth anxiety and depression. Further research with more controlled methodology is needed for development of recommendations that can guide growing use of this technology.}, }
@article {pmid40292087, year = {2025}, author = {Mukae, H and Yotsuyanagi, H and Ohmagari, N and Doi, Y and Yamato, M and Imamura, T and Sakaguchi, H and Sanaki, T and Sonoyama, T and Tsuge, Y and Uehara, T}, title = {Ensitrelvir as a novel treatment option for mild-to-moderate COVID-19: a narrative literature review.}, journal = {Therapeutic advances in infectious disease}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {20499361251321724}, pmid = {40292087}, issn = {2049-9361}, abstract = {To address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several antiviral agents targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been developed for clinical use. However, antivirals that can be administered irrespective of risk factors were lacking until the approval of ensitrelvir fumaric acid (hereafter, ensitrelvir) in Japan, which took effect in November 2022. Ensitrelvir is an oral SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease inhibitor currently approved in Japan and Singapore. This narrative review summarizes preclinical, clinical trial, and real-world data on ensitrelvir. The efficacy and safety of ensitrelvir were assessed in a seamless, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II/III study conducted in Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials identifier, jRCT2031210350). This study enrolled patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms or asymptomatic individuals irrespective of the presence of risk factors for severe illness. Overall, ensitrelvir demonstrated favorable antiviral efficacy and symptom improvement, with an acceptable safety profile. In the phase III part, the time to resolution of the composite of five typical COVID-19 symptoms showed a difference between the ensitrelvir 125 mg and placebo groups, and the difference in median was approximately 1 day when the patients were randomized in less than 72 h of disease onset. This study is one of the clinical trials that used patient symptoms as a clinical efficacy endpoint. Additional clinical trials are currently underway to investigate the efficacy and safety of ensitrelvir in various patient populations. Moreover, published evidence generally supports the effectiveness of ensitrelvir in routine clinical practice and its antiviral activity against various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Further research is granted to establish ensitrelvir as a novel antiviral treatment. Royalty-free licensing agreements concluded between drug manufacturers and the Medicines Patent Pool will facilitate access to COVID-19 therapeutics, including ensitrelvir, in low- and middle-income countries.}, }
@article {pmid40291986, year = {2024}, author = {Alibudbud, R}, title = {Navigating the Philippine mental health system for the nation's youth: challenges and opportunities.}, journal = {BJPsych international}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {56-58}, pmid = {40291986}, issn = {2056-4740}, abstract = {The challenges besetting the Philippine mental health system demand multifaceted, strategic responses to ensure the holistic well-being of Filipino youth. Through the integration of mental health into primary care, augmentation of the professional workforce, bolstering information infrastructure, reforming medication accessibility, augmenting budgetary allocations and invigorating governance, the Philippines can pave the way for an inclusive mental health system that adequately addresses the exigencies of its younger demographic. In doing so, the nation can make substantial strides towards alleviating the negative impacts of adverse social conditions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, on the mental well-being of its youth.}, }
@article {pmid40291378, year = {2025}, author = {Chakraborty, C and Lo, YH and Bhattacharya, M and Das, A and Wen, ZH}, title = {Looking beyond the origin of SARS-CoV-2: Significant strategic aspects during the five-year journey of COVID-19 vaccine development.}, journal = {Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, pages = {102527}, pmid = {40291378}, issn = {2162-2531}, abstract = {It has been five years since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and we are also approaching the five-year mark of the COVID-19 pandemic. The vaccine is a significant weapon in combating infectious diseases like SARS-CoV-2. Several vaccines were developed against SARS-CoV-2, and they demonstrated efficacy and safety during these five years. The rapid development of multiple next-generation vaccine candidates in different platforms with very little time is the success story of the vaccine development endeavor. This remarkable success of rapid vaccine development is a new paradigm for fast vaccine development that might help develop infectious diseases and fight against the pandemic. With the completion of five years since the beginning of SARS-CoV-2 origin, we are looking back on the five years and reviewing the milestones, vaccine platforms, animal models, clinical trials, successful collaborations, vaccine safety, real-world effectiveness, and challenges. Lessons learned during these five years will help us respond to public health emergencies and to fight the battle against future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid40290510, year = {2025}, author = {Othman, M and Selnow, GW}, title = {Community health workers: a narrative review of a curriculum and training program for low-income communities facing limited access to healthcare.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1504490}, pmid = {40290510}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {*Community Health Workers/education ; Humans ; *Curriculum ; *Health Services Accessibility ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Poverty ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The aim of this narrative review is to examine a WHO-compliant program that prepares Community Health Workers (CHWs) in low-resource environments. The intended outcome of the training is to enhance healthcare access and address health equity disparities. We examined the program's curriculum, instructional methods, and a complementary continuing medical education (CME) program designed to sustain CHWs' knowledge and skills.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: We review, in detail, the CHW training program-its curriculum, delivery, and implementation-launched prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and continuing today. This program develops critical human resources to expand the reach of overburdened healthcare professionals in disproportionately affected regions.<br><br>RESULTS: Our review highlights the positive impact of this program on marginalized communities. We propose the adoption of its curriculum and pedagogical framework by local leaders seeking to train teams of well-prepared CHWs to improve healthcare and bridge the gap between communities and medical professionals. This no-cost program is accessible even to the most under-resourced settings.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The program examined in this paper offers small, disproportionately affected communities a valuable opportunity to implement a program that equips CHWs to provide essential clinical services and conduct community-wide health education initiatives. These CHWs serve as vital bridges between their communities and the professional medical system. Their demonstrated effectiveness in serving the health needs of their communities, even during the challenging COVID-19 pandemic, is noteworthy. When called for, they can support refugees fleeing war and climate pressures by offering basic clinical care and prevention training.}, }
@article {pmid40290477, year = {2025}, author = {Nagai, Y and Kartar, A and Pfaff, M and Elkholy, H}, title = {The paradox of hikikomori through a transcultural lens.}, journal = {BJPsych international}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {22-24}, pmid = {40290477}, issn = {2056-4740}, abstract = {This article appraises cultural understanding and controversies regarding hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal), with reference to research over the past 20 years. Initially viewed as a uniquely Japanese phenomenon, hikikomori is now recognised globally, prompting a re-evaluation of its cultural, psychological and socioeconomic demographics. A revision in lifestyle after the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing technological advancements - particularly the rise of social media, gaming and the internet - have paradoxically both exacerbated isolation and provided new forms of social interaction for young adults who confine themselves at home. This phenomenon underlines the complex interplay between putative individual psychopathology, neurodiversity and broader societal shifts across the globe.}, }
@article {pmid40289185, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, J and Wang, D and Kwok, C and Xu, L and Famulok, M}, title = {Aptamer-engaged nanotherapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Discover nano}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {71}, pmid = {40289185}, issn = {2731-9229}, support = {CHN-1228220-HFST-P//Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung/ ; 2023T160653//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; 2022M723202//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 infection, has underscored the critical importance of rapid and accurate therapeutics. The neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 is paramount in controlling the spread and impact of COVID-19. In this context, the integration of aptamers and aptamer-related nanotherapeutics presents a valuable and scientifically significant approach. Despite the potential, current reviews in this area are often not comprehensive and specific enough to encapsulate the full scope of therapeutic principles, strategies, advancements, and challenges. This review aims to fill that gap by providing an in-depth examination of the role of aptamers and their related molecular medicine in COVID-19 therapeutics. We first introduce the unique properties, selection, and recognition mechanism of aptamers to bind with high affinity to various targets. Next, we delve into the therapeutic potential of aptamers, focusing on their ability to inhibit viral entry and replication, as well as modulate the host immune response. The integration of aptamers with nucleic acid nanomedicine is explored. Finally, we address the challenges and future perspectives of aptamer and nucleic acid nanomedicine in COVID-19 therapeutics, including issues of stability, delivery, and manufacturing scalability. We conclude by underscoring the importance of continued research and development in this field to meet the ongoing challenges posed by COVID-19 and potential future pandemics. Our review will be a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians interested in the latest developments at the intersection of molecular biology, nanotechnology, and infectious disease management.}, }
@article {pmid40288999, year = {2025}, author = {Ahmed, R and Ahmed, S}, title = {Exploring the Efficacy of Hypochlorous Acid as a Cost Effective Environmental Decontaminant in Dentistry: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Nigerian journal of clinical practice}, volume = {28}, number = {4}, pages = {425-445}, doi = {10.4103/njcp.njcp_674_24}, pmid = {40288999}, issn = {1119-3077}, mesh = {*Hypochlorous Acid/pharmacology/economics ; Humans ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Decontamination/methods/economics ; Disinfection/methods ; *Infection Control, Dental/methods ; *Dental Disinfectants/pharmacology ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {Dental procedures result in the production of bioaerosols that contaminate various environmental surfaces in the dental clinic. In order to maintain a safe environment in the dental clinic and prevent cross contamination, it is important to find alternative disinfection methods and agents to ensure effective decontamination. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a cost-effective antimicrobial agent that can be used for infection control. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide evidence from the literature supporting the routine use of HOCl as a biodecontamination and disinfection agent in dental clinics. An electronic search was completed on the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley, and Science Direct. The studies were included based on their titles, abstract, and relevance to HOCl and the ability to render pathogens deactivated after exposure to HOCl vapor. The search focused on studies in the past 5 years. The search resulted in a total of 15 articles being selected after exclusions based on duplications, title, and abstract assessment. The articles included studies that used various HOCl concentrations and expanded on the inactivation of several pathogens. The reviewed studies highlight HOCl's broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, with significant reductions in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and Clostridioides difficile, reinforcing its role in optimizing disinfection protocols across healthcare and occupational settings. The articles selected provided clear evidence that under correct and established parameters, HOCl can provide a cheaper safer alternative to most disinfectants. Further studies are recommended on applications methods in clinical settings.}, }
@article {pmid40288953, year = {2025}, author = {Ninot, G and Minet, M and Larché, J and Ribstein, J and Chiche, L}, title = {[Non-pharmacological interventions: A new paradigm and opportunities for internists].}, journal = {La Revue de medecine interne}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.revmed.2025.04.004}, pmid = {40288953}, issn = {1768-3122}, abstract = {The notion of non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) has been used by healthcare researchers since 1975, and is cited in numerous reports by French, European and international healthcare authorities, such as the WHO since 2003 and the HAS since 2011. However, it was only recently that a collaborative initiative of consensus was launched to address the lack of consensus on how to define and evaluate these health practices, amplified by the media controversy surrounding these practices during the COVID-19 episode. Indeed, in 2021, the launch of a collaborative and open research program responding to international scientific expectations in the healthcare field and to the specificities of these immaterial, personalized and targeted healthcare solutions has finally been initiated. The first part of this article, intended for specialists in internal medicine, describes the consensus-building work carried out under the guidance of a multidisciplinary committee, with the support of Inserm and the logistics of the international Non-Pharmacological Intervention Society (NPIS). Over a period of three years, this work, involving more than 1000 participants, established a definition, a characterization and an evaluative framework including 77 ethical and methodological recommendations for these practices. This NPIS Model framework has received the support of 30 French scientific and medical societies, two European societies and three French health authorities. The second part of the article presents the collaborative tools that have emerged from this work. Finally, the third part of the article looks at the implications of NPI for research and practice in the field of internal medicine.}, }
@article {pmid40288658, year = {2025}, author = {Tang, Y and Yi, X and Ai, J}, title = {mRNA vaccines for prostate cancer: A novel promising immunotherapy.}, journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer}, volume = {1880}, number = {3}, pages = {189333}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbcan.2025.189333}, pmid = {40288658}, issn = {1879-2561}, abstract = {The treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) primarily based on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT); however, patients inevitably progress to the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) stage. Despite the recent advancements in CRPC treatment with novel endocrine drugs that further inhibit androgen receptor signaling, resistance ultimately develops, underscoring the urgent need for new effective therapeutic strategies. Therapeutic cancer vaccines, a form of immunotherapy, exert anti-cancer effects by activating the host's immune system. Over the past few decades, various conventional therapeutic PCa vaccines based on cells, microbes, proteins, peptides, or DNA have been developed and tested in patients with advanced PCa. These attempts have largely failed to improve survival, with the sole exception of sipuleucel-T, which extended the median overall survival of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) patients by four months. The rapid development and high efficacy of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic have garnered worldwide attention. Compared to conventional vaccines, mRNA vaccines offer several unique advantages, including high production efficiency, low cost, high safety, strong immune response induction, and high adaptability and precision. These attributes make mRNA vaccines a promising frontier in the treatment of advanced PCa.}, }
@article {pmid40287959, year = {2025}, author = {Nor, N and Zahm, S and El Alaoui El Abdallaoui, H and Kerraj, S and Naji, N and Mazoir, N and Komiha, N and Marakchi, K and Salah, M}, title = {Designing highly efficient heterocyclic inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 3C-like proteinase: a comprehensive in silico study.}, journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-9}, doi = {10.1080/07391102.2025.2494842}, pmid = {40287959}, issn = {1538-0254}, abstract = {To address the limitations of current COVID-19 treatments, we conducted an integrated in-silico investigation to design potential drugs with proven efficacy against the virus. We developed Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models using a database of 63 Aromatic heterocyclic compounds, focusing on key parameters Effective Diameter (ED) and Diameter Maximum (DM). Our models, utilizing multi-linear regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), were validated according to OECD principles and successfully used to predict unexplored aromatic heterocyclic compounds with Pyridine Cores. Compound 4 (Dexbrompheniramine) exhibited high inhibition against the SARS coronavirus 3 C-like protease, leading to the design of two new molecules (compounds 15 and 16) with enhanced activity based on structural enhancements from the QSAR model. Docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the improved binding energies and stability of compounds 15 and 16, with compound 15 showing remarkable stability and strong binding affinity with the 3 C-like proteinase (1P9U). This comprehensive in-silico review identifies compound 15 as a promising candidate for experimental evaluation as a potential COVID-19 drug, highlighting a significant advancement in our battle against the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40287714, year = {2025}, author = {Alves, VP and Souto-Souza, D and Fernandes, IA and Falci, SGM and de Souza, GM}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of the fractures and etiology of orofacial trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC oral health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {643}, pmid = {40287714}, issn = {1472-6831}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; *Maxillofacial Injuries/epidemiology/etiology ; Mandibular Fractures/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial fractures (OMFs) by comparing current data with pre-pandemic trends.<br><br>METHODS: Eligibility criteria: Observational studies comparing current data from OMFs with pre-pandemic trends were eligible for inclusion.<br><br>INFORMATION SOURCES: An electronic search was conducted in six databases up to January 15, 2024 and gray literature and reference lists. Risk of bias: The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool for analytical cross-sectional studies.<br><br>SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: Results were presented as both qualitative and quantitative syntheses. Prevalence and Comparative meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the location and etiology of OMFs in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods using R version 4.4.1.<br><br>RESULTS: Included studies: Fifty-one studies with 104,960 patients and 23,514 cases of OMFs met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review.<br><br>SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: Mandibular fractures showed a decrease in prevalence from 24% in the pre-pandemic period to 20% during the pandemic (OR 0.73 [0.59-0.90], I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;62%). OMFs caused by falls and violence increased significantly, from 23% for 30% (OR 1.29 [1.06-1.57], I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;76%) and from 22% for 31% (OR 1.43 [1.04-1.98], I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;45%), respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in the prevalence of OMFs, including an increase in cases caused by falls and interpersonal violence, as well as a decrease in mandibular fractures. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the heterogeneity and inconsistency found in the studies included in the review. The data presented here may inform public health policies and emergency response protocols for managing OMFTs in future global health crises like pandemics. TRIAL&#xa0;REGISTRATION: CRD42023431119.}, }
@article {pmid40287707, year = {2025}, author = {Ban, J and Qian, J and Zhang, C and Li, J}, title = {Recent advances in TAM mechanisms in lung diseases.}, journal = {Journal of translational medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {479}, pmid = {40287707}, issn = {1479-5876}, mesh = {Humans ; *Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; COVID-19/complications/pathology ; *Lung Diseases/metabolism/pathology ; c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism ; Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Signal Transduction ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; }, abstract = {TYRO3, MERTK, and AXL receptor tyrosine kinases, collectively known as TAM receptors, play a vital role in maintaining lung tissue homeostasis by regulating integrity and self-renewal. These receptors activate signalling pathways that inhibit apoptosis, promote cell proliferation and differentiation, mediate cell adhesion and migration, and perform other essential biological functions. Additionally, TAM receptors are implicated in mechanisms that suppress anti-tumor immunity and confer resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Disruption of the homeostatic balances can lead to pathological conditions such as lung inflammation, fibrosis, or tumors. Recent studies highlight their significant role in COVID-19-induced lung injury. However, the exact mechanisms by which TAM receptors contribute to lung diseases remain unclear. This article reviews the potential mechanisms of TAM receptor involvement in disease progression, focusing on lung inflammation, fibrosis, cancer, and COVID-19-induced lung injury. It also explores future research aspects and the therapeutic potentials of targeting TAM receptors, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding lung disease mechanisms and identifying treatment targets.}, }
@article {pmid40286229, year = {2025}, author = {Camperi, J and Chatla, K and Freund, E and Galan, C and Lippold, S and Guilbaud, A}, title = {Current Analytical Strategies for mRNA-Based Therapeutics.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {30}, number = {7}, pages = {}, pmid = {40286229}, issn = {1420-3049}, mesh = {*RNA, Messenger/therapeutic use/genetics/chemistry/analysis ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Mass Spectrometry ; }, abstract = {Recent advancements in mRNA technology, utilized in vaccines, immunotherapies, protein replacement therapies, and genome editing, have emerged as promising and increasingly viable treatments. The rapid, potent, and transient properties of mRNA-encoded proteins make them attractive tools for the effective treatment of a variety of conditions, ranging from infectious diseases to cancer and single-gene disorders. The capability for rapid and large-scale production of mRNA therapeutics fueled the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. For effective clinical implementation, it is crucial to deeply characterize and control important mRNA attributes such as purity/integrity, identity, structural quality features, and functionality. This implies the use of powerful and advanced analytical techniques for quality control and characterization of mRNA. Improvements in analytical techniques such as electrophoresis, chromatography, mass spectrometry, sequencing, and functionality assessments have significantly enhanced the quality and detail of information available for product and process characterization, as well as for routine stability and release testing. Here, we review the latest advancements in analytical techniques for the characterization of mRNA-based therapeutics, typically employed by the biopharmaceutical industry for eventual market release.}, }
@article {pmid40284936, year = {2025}, author = {Olech, M and Antas, M}, title = {Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) and Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCV): Epidemiology and Molecular Characteristics-An Updated Overview.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40284936}, issn = {1999-4915}, mesh = {Animals ; Swine ; *Transmissible gastroenteritis virus/genetics/classification/physiology/pathogenicity ; *Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/epidemiology/virology ; Phylogeny ; *Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus/genetics/classification/pathogenicity/physiology ; *Swine Diseases/epidemiology/virology ; *Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/veterinary/virology ; Viral Tropism ; Virulence ; Mutation ; Genome, Viral ; }, abstract = {Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the genus Alphacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae. PRCV, a TGEV mutant with a spike(S) gene deletion, exhibits altered tissue tropism. TGEV replicates mainly in the intestines and causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in piglets, whereas PRCV replicates mainly in the respiratory tract. PRCV causes mild or subclinical respiratory infections but may contribute to respiratory disease syndrome in pigs infected with other respiratory pathogens. As PRCV and TGEV continuously evolve, monitoring these viruses is important for disease prevention and control. In this review, we provide updated information on the prevalence and genetic characteristics of TGEV/PRCV and their phylogenetic relationships. We also discuss the impact of mutations, deletions and recombination on the virulence and tissue tropism of TGEV/PRCV and highlight the possible zoonotic potential of these viruses.}, }
@article {pmid40284927, year = {2025}, author = {Nappi, F}, title = {Myocarditis and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy in Dilated Heart Failure.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40284927}, issn = {1999-4915}, mesh = {Humans ; *Myocarditis/virology/pathology/etiology/diagnosis/complications ; *Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/virology/pathology/etiology ; COVID-19/complications ; *Heart Failure/virology ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Cardiomyopathies/virology ; Inflammation ; }, abstract = {Inflammatory cardiomyopathy is a condition that is characterised by the presence of inflammatory cells in the myocardium, which can lead to a significant deterioration in cardiac function. The etiology of this condition involves multiple factors, both infectious and non-infectious causes. While it is primarily associated with viral infections, other potential causes include bacterial, protozoal, or fungal infections, as well as a wide variety of toxic substances and drugs, and systemic immune-mediated pathological conditions. In spite of comprehensive investigation, the presence of inflammatory cardiomyopathy accompanied by left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure or arrhythmia is indicative of an unfavourable outcome. The reasons for the occurrence of either favourable outcomes, characterised by the absence of residual myocardial injury, or unfavourable outcomes, marked by the development of dilated cardiomyopathy, in patients afflicted by the condition remain to be elucidated. The relative contributions of pathogenic agents, genomic profiles of the host, and environmental factors in disease progression and resolution remain subjects of ongoing discourse. This includes the determination of which viruses function as active inducers and which merely play a bystander role. It remains unknown which changes in the host immune profile are critical in determining the outcome of myocarditis caused by various viruses, including coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), adenoviruses, parvoviruses B19 and SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this review is unambiguous: to provide a concise summary and comprehensive assessment of the extant evidence on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Its focus is exclusively on virus-induced and virus-associated myocarditis. In addition, the extant lacunae of knowledge in this field are identified and the extant experimental models are evaluated, with the aim of proposing future directions for the research domain. This includes differential gene expression that regulates iron and lipid and metabolic remodelling. Furthermore, the current state of knowledge regarding the cardiovascular implications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is also discussed, along with the open questions that remain to be addressed.}, }
@article {pmid40284780, year = {2025}, author = {Bertola, B and Cotolí-Crespo, A and San Onofre, N and Soriano, JM}, title = {The Mystery of Certain Lactobacillus acidophilus Strains in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Symptoms of COVID-19: A Review.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40284780}, issn = {2076-2607}, abstract = {COVID-19 presents a wide range of symptoms, including gastrointestinal manifestations such as diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. Lactobacillus acidophilus has been proposed as a potential adjunct therapy to alleviate these symptoms due to its probiotic properties, which help restore gut microbiota balance and modulate immune responses. This review systematically analyzed studies assessing the effects of L. acidophilus in COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. The literature search was conducted through PubMed and the WHO COVID-19 database using keywords such as "Lactobacillus acidophilus", "COVID-19", "gastrointestinal symptoms", and "inflammation markers". The search covered studies published until February 2025. Inclusion criteria: observational and clinical trials with L. acidophilus for symptom relief. Exclusion: animal studies and non-ethical approvals. The findings suggest that L. acidophilus supplementation may contribute to faster resolution of diarrhea, improved gut microbiota balance, and reduced inflammatory markers. However, some studies have found no significant impact on hospitalization rates or disease progression. The probiotic's mechanisms of action appear to involve microbiota modulation, intestinal barrier reinforcement, and anti-inflammatory effects rather than direct viral inhibition in COVID-19 after progression. Some L. acidophilus strains show promise, and clinical validation should follow careful preclinical studies (in vitro, cell lines, and animal models), especially in vulnerable populations such as immunocompromised individuals. Understanding the gut-lung axis and its role in immune response regulation, together with the need for a thorough characterization of the specific strains, including biochemical, genomic, and functional properties, before testing in humans, may provide deeper insights into the therapeutic potential of probiotics in viral infections.}, }
@article {pmid40284540, year = {2025}, author = {Jason, LA and Katz, BZ}, title = {Predisposing and Precipitating Factors in Epstein-Barr Virus-Caused Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40284540}, issn = {2076-2607}, abstract = {Long COVID following SARS-CoV-2 and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) following infectious mononucleosis (IM) are two examples of post-viral syndromes. The identification of risk factors predisposing patients to developing and maintaining post-infectious syndromes may help uncover their underlying mechanisms. The majority of patients with ME/CFS report infectious illnesses before the onset of ME/CFS, with 30% of cases of ME/CFS due to IM caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. After developing IM, one study found 11% of adults had ME/CFS at 6 months and 9% had ME/CFS at 1 year. Another study of adolescents found 13% and 7% with ME/CFS at 6 and 12 months following IM, respectively. However, it is unclear which variables are potential risk factors contributing to the development and maintenance of ME/CFS following IM, because few prospective studies have collected baseline data before the onset of the triggering illness. The current article provides an overview of a study that included pre-illness predictors of ME/CFS development following IM in a diverse group of college students who were enrolled before the onset of IM. Our data set included an ethnically and sociodemographically diverse group of young adult students, and we were able to longitudinally follow these youths over time to better understand the risk factors associated with the pathophysiology of ME/CFS. General screens of health and psychological well-being, as well as blood samples, were obtained at three stages of the study (Stage 1-Baseline-when the students were well, at least 6 weeks before the student developed IM; Stage 2-within 6 weeks following the diagnosis of IM, and Stage 3-six months after IM, when they had either developed ME/CFS or recovered). We focused on the risk factors for new cases of ME/CFS following IM and found factors both at baseline (Stage 1) and at the time of IM (Stage 2) that predicted nonrecovery. We are now collecting seven-year follow-up data on this sample, as well as including cases of long COVID. The lessons learned in this prospective study are reviewed.}, }
@article {pmid40284499, year = {2025}, author = {Patriarca, EJ and D'Aniello, C and De Cesare, D and Cobellis, G and Minchiotti, G}, title = {The Modulation of Cell Plasticity by Budesonide: Beyond the Metabolic and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Glucocorticoids.}, journal = {Pharmaceutics}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40284499}, issn = {1999-4923}, support = {IG20736//Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (AIRC)/ ; 2022KME7RY//Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR-PRIN)/ ; P20224ZY5P//Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR-PRIN)/ ; PNC 0000001 D34Health//Next Generation EU, in the context of the National Plan for Complementary Investments (PNC) to the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR)/ ; }, abstract = {The synthetic cortisol analog budesonide (BUD) is an essential drug employed to manage chronic inflammatory diseases in humans, mainly those involving gastroenteric and airway mucosa, such as rhinitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, esophagitis, gastritis, and colitis, with high levels of success. As a glucocorticoid, BUD prevents the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and the recruitment of immune cells into the inflamed mucosa. However, emerging evidence indicates that BUD, unlike classical glucocorticoids, is also a potent modulator of stem and cancer cell behavior/plasticity. Certainly, BUD stabilizes cell-cell adhesions, preventing embryonic stem cell differentiation and inhibiting the development of 3D gastruloids. In addition, BUD inhibits the motile/invasive propensity of different cancer cells, including breast, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Finally, it prevents the infection of positive single-stranded human-infecting RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. At a molecular level, BUD induces epigenetic changes and modifies the transcriptome of epithelial, stem, and cancer cells, providing molecular support to the immune cell-independent activity of BUD. Here, we performed an in-depth review of these unexpected activities of BUD, identified by unbiased drug screening programs, and we emphasize the molecular mechanisms modulated by this efficacious drug that deserve further research.}, }
@article {pmid40284445, year = {2025}, author = {Szebeni, J}, title = {Expanded Spectrum and Increased Incidence of Adverse Events Linked to COVID-19 Genetic Vaccines: New Concepts on Prophylactic Immuno-Gene Therapy, Iatrogenic Orphan Disease, and Platform-Inherent Challenges.}, journal = {Pharmaceutics}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40284445}, issn = {1999-4923}, abstract = {The mRNA- and DNA-based "genetic" COVID-19 vaccines can induce a broad range of adverse events (AEs), with statistics showing significant variation depending on the timing and data analysis methods used. Focusing only on lipid nanoparticle-enclosed mRNA (mRNA-LNP) vaccines, this review traces the evolution of statistical conclusions on the prevalence of AEs and incidents associated with these vaccines, from initial underestimation of atypical, severe toxicities to recent claims suggesting the possible contribution of COVID-19 vaccinations to the excess deaths observed in many countries over the past few years. Among hundreds of different AEs listed in Pfizer's pharmacovigilance survey, the present analysis categorizes the main symptoms according to organ systems, with nearly all of them being affected. Using data from the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System and a global vaccination dataset, a comparison of the prevalence and incidence rates of AEs induced by genetic versus flu vaccines revealed an average 26-fold increase in AEs with the use of genetic vaccines. The difference is especially pronounced in the case of severe 'Brighton-listed' AEs, which are also observed in COVID-19 and post-COVID conditions. Among these, the increases in incidence rates relative to flu vaccines, given as x-fold rises, were 1152x, 455x, 226x, 218x, 162x, 152x, and 131x for myocarditis, thrombosis, death, myocardial infarction, tachycardia, dyspnea, and hypertension, respectively. The review delineates the concept that genetic vaccines can be regarded as prophylactic immuno-gene therapies and that the observed chronic disabling AEs might be categorized as iatrogenic orphan diseases. It also examines the unique vaccine characteristics that could be causally related to abnormal immune responses which potentially lead to adverse events and complications. These new insights may contribute to improving the safety of this platform technology and assessing the risk/benefit balance of various products.}, }
@article {pmid40284278, year = {2025}, author = {Fang, Z and Wang, J and Xie, S and Lian, Z and Luo, Z and Du, Y and Zhang, X}, title = {Advancements in Research and Applications of PP-Based Materials Utilizing Melt-Blown Nonwoven Technology.}, journal = {Polymers}, volume = {17}, number = {8}, pages = {}, pmid = {40284278}, issn = {2073-4360}, support = {2024zdyf0009//Key Research and Development Program of Karamay/ ; }, abstract = {Melt-blown nonwoven materials have demonstrated significant advancements in a multitude of industrial sectors, mainly due to their high production efficiency, extensive specific surface area, and narrow aperture. The demand for melt-blown nonwoven materials has increased further in recent time, particularly in the wake of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Polypropylene (PP) is extensively used in production and research due to its low cost, low weight, and easy processing, and the melt-blown materials made from it share similar characteristics. We systematically summarize the research advancements of melt-blown nonwoven technology and applications of PP-based melt-blown materials over the last few years. First, the principles and processes of melt-blown nonwoven that govern the production of micro/nano fibers are described. Then the raw materials and process technology of melt-blown are reviewed. After these, we highlight the use of PP-based melt-blown materials in key fields, including media filtration, oil-water separation, heavy metal ions removal, organic pollutants removal and battery separator. Finally, we summary and suggest some potential future research directions of melt-blown nonwoven technology and PP-based melt-blown materials.}, }
@article {pmid40283797, year = {2025}, author = {Peultier-Celli, L and Gérard, A and Letourneur, F and Inghels, C and Duclos, A and Perrin, P}, title = {Methodology of Epidemic Risk Analysis in the Naval Military.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40283797}, issn = {1660-4601}, mesh = {Humans ; Risk Assessment/methods ; *Military Personnel ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Ships ; }, abstract = {This review of the literature examines diseases and pathogen characteristics on military vessels, in order to improve the success of missions on a boat. Our aim is to understand the spread of disease, aiming to maximize biological resilience and hopefully eliminate outbreaks. Keyword research was conducted from various sources of information, including scientific publications, theses, public health organization websites, and clinical trials. A synthesis of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitosis characteristics was established, and a risk prioritization index was defined, based on contagiousness (basic reproduction number (R0)) and clinical severity. For instance, COVID-19 was assessed as moderately contagious, with critical severity, and Influenza A H1N1 as having a minor level of contagiousness with critical severity, resulting in a level two out of three risk prioritization index. This approach demonstrates that while diseases have numerous characteristics, a method for classifying them by isolating specific criteria and prioritizing them could be proposed. In conclusion, further work is needed to analyze onboard operator activities and develop simulation models related to pathogen characteristics.}, }
@article {pmid40283707, year = {2025}, author = {Höhn, AM and Ascone, L and Lohse, L and Kugler, D and Lambert, M and Wege, N and Wittmann, F and Riedel-Heller, S and Luppa, M and Elsayed, MEG and Hurlemann, R}, title = {Mental Health in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Collateral Effects on Common Mental Disorders (CMDs).}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40283707}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {01KX2021//Federal Ministry of Education and Research/ ; }, mesh = {*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Mental Disorders/epidemiology/etiology/psychology ; *Mental Health ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Isolation ; }, abstract = {It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has had consequences for common mental disorders (CMDs). This scoping review aims to examine direct infection-related (e.g., severe COVID-19 illness), psychosocial (e.g., social isolation), and indirect outcomes (e.g., changes in incidence) that have been particularly discussed so far. A literature search for clinically diagnosed adult CMDs was conducted using Pubmed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo (n = 5325). After completion of the screening process, 26 included studies remained for extraction. None of the included studies reported post-pandemic data. The effects appeared to be particularly pronounced for anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders in the first year of the pandemic. This was followed by a period of adjustment, during which rates of mental disease and its symptoms largely returned to pre-pandemic levels. Fluctuating rates of CMDs may have had COVID-related causes. Preventive temporary inpatient care could be a protective approach for those at risk or vulnerable, as well as establishing pandemic consultation and building resilience. A gap in the research is the lack of comparisons of CMD data before, during, and after the pandemic to distinguish transient disease rates from chronic disease requiring treatment.}, }
@article {pmid40283596, year = {2025}, author = {Mara, G and Nini, G and Cotoraci, C}, title = {Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and COVID-19: The Impact of Hematological Biomarkers on Disease Severity and Outcomes.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {8}, pages = {}, pmid = {40283596}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at heightened risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying respiratory impairment, systemic inflammation, and immune dysregulation. This review explores the hematological changes that occur in COPD patients with COVID-19 and their implications for disease progression, prognosis, and clinical management. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of recent peer-reviewed studies from medical databases including Clarivate Analytics, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Results: Hematological alterations, such as lymphopenia, elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), increased D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, inflammatory anemia, and erythrocyte dysfunction, are commonly observed in COPD patients with COVID-19. These changes are linked to immune suppression, hyperinflammation, oxidative stress, and thromboembolic complications. Conclusions: Hematological biomarkers are valuable tools for early risk assessments and guiding treatment strategies in this high-risk population. The regular monitoring of D-dimer, fibrinogen, and NLR is advisable. Prophylactic anticoagulation and immunomodulatory therapies, such as corticosteroids and IL-6 and IL-1 inhibitors, may improve clinical outcomes. Further clinical studies are needed to validate personalized approaches and explore antioxidant-based interventions.}, }
@article {pmid40283075, year = {2025}, author = {Loboda, D and Golba, KS and Gurowiec, P and Bredelytė, A and Razbadauskas, A and Sarecka-Hujar, B}, title = {Variability in Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Endothelial Function After COVID-19 During 1.5 Years of Follow-Up-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40283075}, issn = {2075-1729}, support = {BNW-2-016/N/4/K//Medical University of Silesia/ ; }, abstract = {Increasing long-term observations suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vasculopathy may persist even 1.5 years after the acute phase, potentially accelerating the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. This study systematically reviewed the variability of brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) from the acute phase of COVID-19 through 16 months of follow-up (F/U). Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Embase were screened for a meta-analysis without language or date restrictions (PROSPERO reference CRD42025642888, last search conducted on 1 February 2025). The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale. We considered all studies (interventional pre-post studies, prospective observational studies, prospective randomized, and non-randomized trials) that assessed FMD or cfPWV in adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with or after laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 compared with non-COVID-19 controls or that assessed changes in these parameters during the F/U. Twenty-one studies reported differences in FMD, and 18 studies examined cfPWV between COVID-19 patients and control groups during various stages: acute/subacute COVID-19 (≤30 days from disease onset), early (>30-90 days), mid-term (>90-180 days), late (>180-270 days), and very late (>270 days) post-COVID-19 recovery. Six studies assessed variability in FMD, while nine did so for cfPWV during the F/U. Data from 14 FMD studies (627 cases and 694 controls) and 15 cfPWV studies (578 cases and 703 controls) were included in our meta-analysis. FMD showed a significant decrease compared to controls during the acute/subacute phase (standardized mean difference [SMD]= -2.02, p < 0.001), with partial improvements noted from the acute/subacute phase to early recovery (SMD = 0.95, p < 0.001) and from early to mid-term recovery (SMD = 0.92, p = 0.006). Normalization compared to controls was observed in late recovery (SMD = 0.12, p = 0.69). In contrast, cfPWV values, which were higher than controls in the acute/subacute phase (SMD = 1.27, p < 0.001), remained elevated throughout the F/U, with no significant changes except for a decrease from mid-term to very late recovery (SMD= -0.39, p < 0.001). In the very late recovery, cfPWV values remained higher than those of controls (SMD = 0.45, p = 0.010). In the manuscript, we discuss how various factors, including the severity of acute COVID-19, the persistence of long-term COVID-19 syndrome, and the patient's initial vascular age, depending on metrics age and cardiovascular risk factors, influenced the time and degree of FMD and cfPWV improvement.}, }
@article {pmid40282917, year = {2025}, author = {Patricia, S and Kartika, A and Puspitasari, IM}, title = {COVID-19-Related Diplopia and Its Treatment.}, journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)}, volume = {61}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40282917}, issn = {1648-9144}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Diplopia/etiology/drug therapy/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Male ; }, abstract = {Background and Objectives: The effects of COVID-19 disease can manifest and cause eye complications, one of which is diplopia. Diplopia is a medical condition that makes one object appear like two images. People may also experience diplopia after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, after contracting COVID-19, or following a COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: This review aims to summarize the cases of COVID-19 that can cause diplopia and its treatment in the past 5 years. The literature search databases used for this review were PubMed and Scopus. The keywords used were "diplopia," "COVID-19," and "treatment." Sixteen articles were reviewed after screening and applying the inclusion criteria. Results: The results show that over the past 5 years, cases of diplopia related to COVID-19 have occurred in America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Most studies are case reports, and the total number of patients was 26, with an age range of 14 to 81. Conclusions: The diplopia cases recovered within 1 day to 8 months. Patients who experienced diplopia after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, during COVID-19 infection, or after COVID-19 infection exhibited different symptoms. Nasopharyngeal swabs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) scans, visual acuity tests, slit lamp biomicroscope examinations, eye movement tests, funduscopic examinations, and blood tests were the most commonly performed tests. Corticosteroids such as prednisone, methylprednisolone, and prednisolone were the most commonly used drugs to treat diplopia. In addition to corticosteroids, antibiotics, antivirals, antiplatelets, and vitamins were also given. An eye patch was considered to alleviate the diplopia.}, }
@article {pmid40282903, year = {2025}, author = {Špiljak, B and Sauerborn, D and Tomas, M and Gregorić Butina, B and Mahovne, I and Erić, S and Vidaković, B and Lešić, S}, title = {Aggressive Squamoid Eccrine Ductal Carcinoma of the Face: A Rare and Challenging Diagnosis-Case Report and Literature Review.}, journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)}, volume = {61}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40282903}, issn = {1648-9144}, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal/diagnosis/pathology ; Face/pathology ; *Sweat Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology ; }, abstract = {Background: Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma (SEDC) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive cutaneous adnexal malignancy, with fewer than 100 reported cases. Its histopathologic overlap with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) frequently leads to misdiagnosis, delaying appropriate management. Unlike SCC, SEDC exhibits biphasic differentiation, deep infiltration, and a high rate of perineural invasion, contributing to significant morbidity and poor long-term outcomes. Given the absence of standardized treatment protocols, managing SEDC remains a challenge. Case Presentation: We report an unusual case of an 80-year-old female presenting with progressive numbness, nasal deviation, and a subcutaneous indurated lesion in the left nasofacial region. The early neurological symptoms were an atypical feature, suggesting perineural invasion (PNI) before visible tumor progression. Initial histopathologic evaluation was inconclusive, raising suspicion of SCC, necessitating immunohistochemical analysis, which confirmed ductal differentiation, leading to the final diagnosis of SEDC. The patient underwent radical resection with intraoperative margin assessment (Mohs micrographic surgery; MMS) followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (62 Gy/31 fractions) due to high-risk features, including perineural and perivascular invasion. Despite initial disease control, a local recurrence involving the left orbit and nasal bone occurred 20 months postoperatively, demonstrating the aggressive nature of SEDC despite clear surgical margins and adjuvant therapy. Due to disease progression and refusal of further surgery, only palliative care was provided. During follow-up, the patient contracted COVID-19, further complicating her clinical status and contributing to her demise. While COVID-19 was not directly linked to SEDC progression, its impact on patient management was significant. Conclusions: This case underscores the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of SEDC, emphasizing the need for early suspicion, extensive histopathologic assessment, and aggressive multimodal treatment. The importance of multidisciplinary management-particularly in elderly and immunocompromised patients-and long-term surveillance due to high recurrence risk and PNI is crucial.}, }
@article {pmid40282336, year = {2025}, author = {Vélez, DE and Torres, BL and Hernández, G}, title = {The Bright Future of mRNA as a Therapeutic Molecule.}, journal = {Genes}, volume = {16}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40282336}, issn = {2073-4425}, support = {Intramural funding program//Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog&#xed;a/ ; Program Estancias posdoctorales por M&#xe9;xico para la Formaci&#xf3;n y Consolidaci&#xf3;n de las y los Investigadores por M&#xe9;xico, 2022.//Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnolog&#xed;a (CONHACyT)/ ; PhD Fellowship//CONHACyT/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *RNA, Messenger/therapeutic use/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Animals ; }, abstract = {The rapid success of messenger (m) RNA vaccines against COVID-19 has pushed the mRNA to the forefront of drug research. The promise of mRNA-based therapeutics and vaccines in other areas is not new but is now emerging stronger. We review basic concepts, key historical aspects, and recent research on mRNA as a therapeutic molecule to fight infectious diseases and cancer. We also show a current patent perspective of this field. Altogether, we describe that the technology of mRNA as a therapeutic molecule is a rapidly moving field aiming for a bright future.}, }
@article {pmid40282092, year = {2025}, author = {McMichael, SL and Kwan, VSY}, title = {A Review of Temporal Self-Perceptions Among Emerging Adults: The Significance of Demographics and a Global Crisis on Psychological and Achievement Benefits.}, journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40282092}, issn = {2076-328X}, abstract = {In industrialized societies, emerging adulthood is a unique developmental stage between adolescence and adulthood (i.e., 18 to 29 years old), where individuals continuously encounter decisions that have important consequences that unfold over time (i.e., intertemporal decisions). The present review paper had three aims. The first aim was to provide a brief overview of emerging adulthood as a developmental stage and present a rationale for the importance of understanding the relationship between temporal self-perceptions and longitudinal outcomes in emerging adults. The second aim was to review evidence for a proposed model demonstrating the connection between three domains of temporal self-perceptions-future self-perceptions, longitudinal changes in future self-perceptions, and continuity between temporal selves (i.e., past-to-future)-, self-regulatory processes, and positive downstream consequences (e.g., psychological well-being and academic success) in emerging adults. Specifically, this targeted review sought to highlight research exploring the longitudinal processes in these relationships (e.g., changes in temporal self-perceptions over time and the relationship between temporal self-perceptions and longitudinal outcomes) and testing how these relationships function amidst a large-scale challenge (i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic). Given the heterogeneity of emerging adults as a demographic group, the third aim was to review research exploring demographic factors (e.g., gender and socioeconomic status) as a potential moderator of these relationships. The review provided support for the proposed model, highlighting the importance of perceptions of temporal selves in predicting a range of positive long-term outcomes, including self-regulatory processes, psychological well-being, and achievement. Additionally, the review demonstrated preliminary support for the significance of crucial demographic factors (e.g., gender and socioeconomic status) in understanding the nature of these relationships in emerging adults. Finally, the review suggests future directions to extend this growing literature and broaden the understanding of these relationships.}, }
@article {pmid40281884, year = {2025}, author = {Ocagli, H and Brigiari, G and Marcolin, E and Mongillo, M and Tonon, M and Da Re, F and Gentili, D and Michieletto, F and Russo, F and Gregori, D}, title = {Mathematical Contact Tracing Models for the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of the Literature.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {}, pmid = {40281884}, issn = {2227-9032}, support = {The study was conducted under the scope of the CCM (Centre for Diseases Control) 2020 Project "Modelli organizzativi per l'efficientamento delle attivit&#xe0; di contact tracing" (Organizational models to improve the efficiency of contact tracing activities)//Italian Ministry of Health./ ; }, abstract = {Background: Contact tracing (CT) is a primary means of controlling infectious diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in the early months of the pandemic. Objectives: This work is a systematic review of mathematical models used during the COVID-19 pandemic that explicitly parameterise CT as a potential mitigator of the effects of the pandemic. Methods: This review is registered in PROSPERO. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. Two reviewers independently selected the title/abstract, full text, data extraction, and risk of bias. Disagreements were resolved through discussion. The characteristics of the studies and mathematical models were collected from each study. Results: A total of 53 articles out of 2101 were included. The modelling of the COVID-19 pandemic was the main objective of 23 studies, while the remaining articles evaluated the forecast transmission of COVID-19. Most studies used compartmental models to simulate COVID-19 transmission (26, 49.1%), while others used agent-based (16, 34%), branching processes (5, 9.4%), or other mathematical models (6). Most studies applying compartmental models consider CT in a separate compartment. Quarantine and basic reproduction numbers were also considered in the models. The quality assessment scores ranged from 13 to 26 of 28. Conclusions: Despite the significant heterogeneity in the models and the assumptions on the relevant model parameters, this systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the models proposed to evaluate the COVID-19 pandemic, including non-pharmaceutical public health interventions such as CT. Prospero Registration: CRD42022359060.}, }
@article {pmid40281841, year = {2025}, author = {Dalky, A and Altawalbih, M and Alshanik, F and Khasawneh, RA and Tawalbeh, R and Al-Dekah, AM and Alrawashdeh, A and Quran, TO and ALBashtawy, M}, title = {Global Research Trends, Hotspots, Impacts, and Emergence of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Health and Medicine: A 25-Year Bibliometric Analysis.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {}, pmid = {40281841}, issn = {2227-9032}, support = {20240512//Deanship of Research at Jordan University of Science and Technology/ ; }, abstract = {Background/Objectives: The increasing application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in health and medicine has attracted a great deal of research interest in recent decades. This study aims to provide a global and historical picture of research concerning AI and ML in health and medicine. Methods: We used the Scopus database for searching and extracted articles published between 2000 and 2024. Then, we generated information about productivity, citations, collaboration, most impactful research topics, emerging research topics, and author keywords using Microsoft Excel 365 and VOSviewer software (version 1.6.20). Results: We retrieved a total of 22,113 research articles, with a notable surge in research activity in recent years. Core journals were Scientific Reports and IEEE Access, and core institutions included Harvard Medical School and the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, while core countries comprised the United States, China, India, the United Kingdom, and Saudi Arabia. Citation trends indicated substantial growth and recognition of AI's and ML impact on health and medicine. Frequent author keywords identified key research hotspots, including specific diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's diseases, COVID-19, and diabetes. The author keyword analysis identified "deep learning", "convolutional neural network", and "classification" as dominant research themes. Conclusions: AI's transformative potential in AI and ML in health and medicine holds promise for improving global health outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40281838, year = {2025}, author = {Anastasiadou, O and Tsipouras, M and Mpogiatzidis, P and Angelidis, P}, title = {Digital Healthcare Innovative Services in Times of Crisis: A Literature Review.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {8}, pages = {}, pmid = {40281838}, issn = {2227-9032}, abstract = {Objectives: The transformation of healthcare systems during crises, particularly demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizes the urgent need for effective research methodologies to evaluate digital healthcare innovations. These methodologies are essential in addressing the rapid shift in healthcare service delivery modalities, responding to unprecedented challenges that have revealed both opportunities and barriers within the digital ecosystem. Methods: For this review, research was carried out on the Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to locate articles published from 2015 to 2024, using the search terms digital health, digital technologies, management implications, and digital platforms. The inclusion criteria referred to studies that were directly related to the topic, available in the English language, and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. The exclusion parameters were as follows: (a) articles not relevant to the topic as defined in the purpose of the review, (b) systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and (c) articles published in a language other than English. Results: Key findings indicate that, while digital health technologies have the potential to mitigate healthcare disparities, they often exacerbate existing inequities, especially among vulnerable populations lacking consistent access to technology. Furthermore, the shift towards digital platforms has revealed significant gaps in workforce training and support, which are essential for effective implementation. Conclusions: This review underscores the financial implications, with expenditures rising significantly due to the increased use of digital services, reflecting a broader trend noted in studies of related health conditions. Moreover, discussions on public health governance suggest a critical need for democratic frameworks to support such digital transformations effectively.}, }
@article {pmid40281723, year = {2025}, author = {Kumar, P and Chaudhary, B and Arya, P and Chauhan, R and Devi, S and Parejiya, PB and Gupta, MM}, title = {Advanced Artificial Intelligence Technologies Transforming Contemporary Pharmaceutical Research.}, journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40281723}, issn = {2306-5354}, abstract = {One area of study within machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) seeks to create computer programs with intelligence that can mimic human focal processes in order to produce results. This technique includes data collection, effective data usage system development, conclusion illustration, and arrangements. Analysis algorithms that are learning to mimic human cognitive activities are the most widespread application of AI. Artificial intelligence (AI) studies have proliferated, and the field is quickly beginning to understand its potential impact on medical services and investigation. This review delves deeper into the pros and cons of AI across the healthcare and pharmaceutical research industries. Research and review articles published throughout the last few years were selected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using search terms like 'artificial intelligence', 'drug discovery', 'pharmacy research', 'clinical trial', etc. This article provides a comprehensive overview of how artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to diagnose diseases, treat patients digitally, find new drugs, and predict when outbreaks or pandemics may occur. In artificial intelligence, neural networks and deep learning are some of the most popular tools; in clinical research, Bayesian non-parametric approaches hold promise for better results, while smartphones and the processing of natural languages are employed in recognizing patients and trial monitoring. Seasonal flu, Ebola, Zika, COVID-19, tuberculosis, and outbreak predictions were made using deep computation and artificial intelligence. The academic world is hopeful that AI development will lead to more efficient and less expensive medical and pharmaceutical investigations and better public services.}, }
@article {pmid40280238, year = {2025}, author = {Nguyen, CTG and Meng, F}, title = {Unleashing the power of nucleic acid therapeutics through efficient cytosolic delivery.}, journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society}, volume = {383}, number = {}, pages = {113774}, doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113774}, pmid = {40280238}, issn = {1873-4995}, abstract = {The approval of siRNA-based therapy for liver disease in 2018 and the subsequent success of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have inaugurated a new era in nucleic acid-based therapeutics. These breakthroughs underscore the transformative potential of nucleic acid-based therapeutics, which modulate gene function, correct genetic defects, or disrupt pathological molecular processes. Such advances represent a paradigm shift in modern medicine. Despite their immense promise, the clinical realization of nucleic acid-based therapies is fundamentally constrained by endosomal entrapment, a critical barrier that significantly limits therapeutic efficacy. Overcoming this obstacle is imperative to fully unlock the potential of these therapies. Designing effective strategies to facilitate the escape of nucleic acids from endosomes-or bypassing endosomal pathways altogether-remains a central challenge in the field. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of current approaches aimed at enhancing endosomal escape or circumventing endosomal entrapment. By highlighting both the successes and limitations of these strategies, we aim to offer valuable insights to inform the development of more efficient and clinically viable nucleic acid delivery systems, advancing the future of molecular medicine.}, }
@article {pmid40279527, year = {2025}, author = {Monschein, T and Zrzavy, T and Rommer, PS and Meuth, SG and Chan, A and Berger, T and Hartung, HP}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and Multiple Sclerosis: An Update.}, journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology &amp; neuroinflammation}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {e200393}, pmid = {40279527}, issn = {2332-7812}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {The highly contagious zoonosis coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, and has led to a global health crisis with nearly 777 million confirmed infections and over 7 million deaths worldwide by November 10, 2024.[1-3] Over time, various variants emerged, with Omicron and its sublines dominating the world over the past 3 years.[4] In addition, there is increasing evidence regarding the immune response of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, especially for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving disease-modifying therapies. Hence, with this review, we aim to provide an updated overview and recommendations for clinical practice regarding MS and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, including efficacy and safety, SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccine hesitancy, and the immune response under treatment with respective disease-modifying therapies.}, }
@article {pmid40278579, year = {2025}, author = {Lan, L and Wang, Y and Chen, Y and Wang, T and Zhang, J and Tan, B}, title = {A Review on the Prevalence and Treatment of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Hospital Wastewater.}, journal = {Toxics}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40278579}, issn = {2305-6304}, abstract = {Antibiotic resistance is a global environmental and health threat. Approximately 4.95 million deaths were associated with antibiotic resistance in 2019, including 1.27 million deaths that were directly attributable to bacterial antimicrobial resistance. Hospital wastewater is one of the key sources for the spread of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the environment. Understanding the current situation of ARGs in hospital wastewater is of great significance. Here, we review the prevalence of ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in hospital wastewater and wastewater from other places and the treatment methods used. We further discuss the intersection between ARGs and COVID-19 during the pandemic. This review highlights the issues associated with the dissemination of critical ARGs from hospital wastewater into the environment. It is imperative to implement more effective processes for hospital wastewater treatment to eliminate ARGs, particularly during the current long COVID-19 period.}, }
@article {pmid40278560, year = {2025}, author = {Everaert, S and Godderis, L and Raquez, JM and Schoeters, G and Spanoghe, P and Moens, J and Hens, L and Michel, O and Adang, D and Fraeyman, N}, title = {Do We Need Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles in Face Masks?.}, journal = {Toxics}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40278560}, issn = {2305-6304}, abstract = {The use of face masks has proven to be an effective preventive measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, concerns have emerged regarding the safety of metal (nano)particles incorporated into face masks for antimicrobial purposes. Specifically, this review examines the risks associated with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), which are classified as a possible human carcinogen. The inhalation of TiO2 NPs can cause multiple adverse effects, including oxidative stress, pulmonary inflammation, histopathological changes, and (secondary) genotoxicity. Different aspects are discussed, such as the composition and filtration efficiency of face masks, the antimicrobial mode of action and effectiveness of various metals, and the hazards of TiO2 NPs to human health, including exposure limits. A conservative risk assessment was conducted using different worst-case scenarios of potential (sub)chronic TiO2 exposure, derived from published leaching experiments. Most face masks are considered safe, especially for occasional or single use. However, the nanosafety of a minority of face masks on the European market may be inadequate for prolonged and intensive use. Important uncertainties remain, including the risks of combined exposure to TiO2 NPs and silver biocides, and the lack of direct exposure measurements. Considering the potential safety issues and the limited added protective value of TiO2 NPs, it is recommended to ban all applications of TiO2 in face masks based on the precautionary principle.}, }
@article {pmid40275994, year = {2025}, author = {Leong, TD and Hohlfeld, AS and Bango, F and Mabetha, D and Blose, N and Oliver, J and Engel, ME and Kredo, T}, title = {Assessing the evidence for antibiotic management of laboratory-confirmed Streptococcus A skin infections to prevent acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: a systematic review.}, journal = {IJID regions}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {100642}, pmid = {40275994}, issn = {2772-7076}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are potential sequelae of untreated group A streptococcal (Strep A) infections. Guidelines focus on treating Strep A pharyngitis but seldom on skin infections. This systematic review explored whether directed antibiotic therapy for superficial Strep A skin infections prevents ARF/RHD.<br><br>METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and clinical trial registries for published and ongoing trials measuring the eradication of Strep A and clinical resolution of polymicrobial infections with antibiotics through December 13, 2024. We calculated risk ratios and absolute risk differences, using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) to assess the certainty of evidence.<br><br>RESULTS: No trials were reported on ARF/RHD outcomes. However, we identified 12 trials and pooled data comparing penicillin, cotrimoxazole, macrolides, and cephalosporins. There was probably no difference between interventions for eradicating Strep A (very low certainty evidence). For clinical resolution, cotrimoxazole was comparable to intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin and macrolides to penicillin (moderate certainty evidence). First- and second-generation cephalosporins showed no difference (low certainty evidence), whereas third-generation cephalosporins demonstrated improved clinical response (moderate certainty evidence). Benzathine benzylpenicillin-associated injection-site pain and oral antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal disorders were commonly reported.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence for directed treatment of Strep A skin infections to prevent ARF/RHD is uncertain, requiring further research, with consideration of antimicrobial resistance and the limited antibiotic pipeline.}, }
@article {pmid40275360, year = {2025}, author = {Pelizzari, N and Covolo, L and Ceretti, E and Fiammenghi, C and Gelatti, U}, title = {Defining, assessing, and implementing organizational health literacy: barriers, facilitators, and tools - a systematic review.}, journal = {BMC health services research}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {599}, pmid = {40275360}, issn = {1472-6963}, mesh = {*Health Literacy/organization &amp; administration ; Humans ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Organizational health literacy (OHL) is increasingly recognized as a fundamental aspect of high-quality healthcare delivery, focusing on organizations' roles in enabling patients to access, understand, and use health information effectively. This systematic review synthesizes current research on OHL, focusing on its definitions, assessment tools, implemented practices, outcomes, and the factors influencing successful OHL integration within healthcare settings.<br><br>METHODS: Guided by PRISMA and following a predefined registered protocol (PROSPERO 2024:CRD42024537425), this systematic review analyzed studies from six key databases, using targeted keywords associated with OHL. Eligibility criteria isolated research on OHL tools, practices, and outcomes in healthcare settings. Independent reviewers conducted study selection, data extraction, and bias risk analysis. Systematic quality assessment and data extraction were performed to thoroughly evaluate OHL's impact on healthcare.<br><br>RESULTS: This systematic review identified 62 articles, published between 2010 and 2024, from 15 different countries. A notable share (30.6%) aimed to develop, validate, and pilot context-sensitive OHL assessment tools. Other studies included qualitative (24.1%), descriptive (14.6%), case studies (11.29%), cross-sectional (8.06%), mixed methods (8.06%), and quantitative (3.25%) approaches, investigating factors promoting and impeding OHL outcomes. The results highlight a 54.1% increase in studies during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period.<br><br>CONCLUSION: OHL is instrumental in advancing healthcare systems towards greater accessibility and patient-centeredness. Nevertheless, overcoming the identified implementation barriers is crucial for realizing OHL's full potential in enhancing healthcare equity and efficiency. Strategic efforts are needed to foster organizational support, adapt structural practices, and allocate necessary resources for OHL initiatives to enhance healthcare.}, }
@article {pmid40274383, year = {2025}, author = {Yao, C and Dong, Y and Zhou, H and Zou, X and Alhaskawi, A and Ezzi, SHA and Wang, Z and Lai, J and Kota, VG and Abdulla, MHAH and Liu, Z and Abdalbary, SA and Alenikova, O and Lu, H}, title = {COVID-19 and acute limb ischemia: latest hypotheses of pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms.}, journal = {Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {333-352}, pmid = {40274383}, issn = {1862-1783}, support = {2022RC136//the Zhejiang Provincial Medical Scientific Research Program/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/physiopathology ; *Ischemia/physiopathology/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Extremities/blood supply ; Risk Factors ; Interleukin-6/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Acute Disease ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multi-system disease that can lead to various severe complications. Acute limb ischemia (ALI) has been increasingly recognized as a COVID-19-associated complication that often predicts a poor prognosis. However, the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated ALI remain poorly understood. Hypercoagulability and thrombosis are considered important mechanisms, but we also emphasize the roles of vasospasm, hypoxia, and acidosis in the pathogenesis of the disease. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) pathway, inflammation, and platelet activation may be important molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological changes induced by COVID-19. Furthermore, we discuss the hypotheses of risk factors for COVID-19-associated ALI from genetic, age, and gender perspectives based on our analysis of molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we summarize therapeutic approaches such as use of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) blocker tocilizumab, calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, providing insights for the future treatment of coronavirus-associated limb ischemic diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40273323, year = {2025}, author = {Li, Y and Liu, Y and Liu, X and Zhang, T and Guo, Z and Lai, L and Zhao, J and Cheng, Y and Ren, Z}, title = {Digital Psychological Interventions for Adults in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Health psychology review}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-17}, doi = {10.1080/17437199.2025.2493903}, pmid = {40273323}, issn = {1743-7202}, abstract = {This study evaluates the effect of digital psychological interventions on anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms in adults affected by the pandemic. A systematic search across five digital databases, from 1 January 2020 to 6 March 2024, identified 36 studies encompassing 8,662 participants. Compared with all control conditions, random-effects meta-analyses indicated that digital psychological interventions significantly reduced anxiety (g = -0.374; 95% CI, -0.529 to -0.218), depression (g = -0.568; 95% CI, -0.776 to -0.360), and stress (g = -0.452; 95% CI, -0.608 to -0.295). Smaller effect sizes were observed when compared with active controls than with inactive controls. Notable heterogeneity across three outcomes was observed. Publication bias was noted in depression symptoms. Several moderators were identified compared with inactive controls, including participant type for anxiety (psubgroup = 0.005), and region for depression symptoms (psubgroup = 0.000). Larger sample sizes (b = 0.0004; p = 0.028) related to stronger effects on depression symptoms. Publication year positively correlated with effects on stress (b = 0.1573; p = 0.032). This study supports the efficacy of digital psychological interventions in alleviating anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms for adults during the pandemic, offering insights for developing targeted mental health strategies in future public health crises.}, }
@article {pmid40273148, year = {2025}, author = {Dickinson, R and Makowski, D and van Marwijk, H and Ford, E}, title = {Interventions for combating COVID-19 misinformation: A systematic realist review.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, pages = {e0321818}, pmid = {40273148}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; Humans ; *Communication ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Pandemics ; Public Health ; }, abstract = {Misinformation is a growing concern worldwide, particularly in public health following the COVID-19 pandemic in which misinformation has been attributed to tens of thousands of unnecessary deaths. Therefore a search for effective interventions against misinformation is underway, with widely varying proposed interventions, measures of efficacy, and groups targeted for intervention. This realist systematic review of proposed interventions against COVID-19 misinformation assesses the studies themselves, the characteristics and effectiveness of the interventions proposed, the durability of effect, and the circumstances and contexts within which these interventions function. We searched several databases for studies testing interventions published from 2020 onwards. The search results were sorted by eligibility, with eligible studies then being coded by themes and assessed for quality. Thirty-five studies were included, representing eight types of intervention. The results are promising to the advantages of game-type interventions, with other types scoring poorly on either scalability or impact. Backfire effects and effects on subgroups were reported on intermittently in the included studies, showing the advantages of certain interventions for subgroups or contexts. No one intervention appears sufficient by itself, therefore this study recommends the creation of packages of interventions by policymakers, who can tailor the package for contexts and targeted groups. There was high heterogeneity in outcome measures and methods, making comparisons between studies difficult; this should be a focus in future studies. Additionally, the theoretical and intervention literatures need connecting for greater understanding of the mechanisms at work in the interventions. Lastly, there is a need for work more explicitly addressing political polarisation and its role in the belief and spread of misinformation. This study contributes toward the expansion of realist review approaches, understandings of COVID-19 misinformation interventions, and broader debates around the nature of politicisation in contemporary misinformation.}, }
@article {pmid40272376, year = {2025}, author = {Nguyen, THV and Ferron, F and Murakami, K}, title = {Neurotoxic Implications of Human Coronaviruses in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Perspective from Amyloid Aggregation.}, journal = {ACS chemical biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acschembio.5c00153}, pmid = {40272376}, issn = {1554-8937}, abstract = {Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) include seven species: HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2. The last three, classified as Betacoronaviruses, are highly transmissible and have caused severe pandemics. HCoV infections primarily affect the respiratory system, leading to symptoms such as dry cough, fever, and breath shortness, which can progress to acute respiratory failure and death. Beyond respiratory effects, increasing evidence links HCoVs to neurological dysfunction. However, distinguishing direct neural complications from preexisting disorders, particularly in the elderly, remains challenging. This study examines the association between HCoVs and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Lewy body dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. It also presents the long-term neurological effects of HCoV infections and their differential impact across age groups and sexes. A key aspect of this study is the investigation of the sequence and structural similarities between amyloidogenic and HCoV spike proteins, which can provide insights into potential neuropathomechanisms.}, }
@article {pmid40272168, year = {2025}, author = {Couch, J and Li, C and Thomas, K and Card, T and Humes, D}, title = {The impact of COVID-19 on inflammatory bowel disease surgery: a systematic review.}, journal = {Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1308/rcsann.2025.0016}, pmid = {40272168}, issn = {1478-7083}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant disruption to the delivery of surgical services. Guidance prioritising life-saving and cancer surgery was issued. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often requires considered, timely surgery, which may have not been feasible under the conditions imposed by the pandemic. This systematic review aims to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on IBD surgery and assess the safety of performing such surgery.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science was performed. Studies that included a prepandemic and a pandemic cohort for comparison and reported on numbers of IBD surgeries or postoperative outcomes following IBD surgery were included. Heterogeneity of included studies precluded any meta-analyses.<br><br>FINDINGS: In total, 1,220 titles were screened and 13 were included in the final review. All were cohort studies other than one case-control study. A total of 1,673,282 and 1,445,971 patients were included in the prepandemic and pandemic cohorts, respectively. Rates of elective surgery during the pandemic varied from a 66% reduction to a 9.66% increase and emergency surgery varied from no difference to an 18% reduction. Urgent surgery in IBD inpatients appears to be unaffected. Postoperative outcomes were not shown to be negatively impacted by resource limitations.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic affected IBD surgical services considerably; however, those who did undergo surgery during this period do not appear to have been at an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Further work is required to describe the long-term impacts of these cancellations on IBD services and patient morbidity.}, }
@article {pmid40271530, year = {2025}, author = {Osunla, A and Oloye, F and Kayode, A and Femi-Oloye, O and Okiti, A and Servos, M and Giesy, J}, title = {The Slow Pandemic: Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Postadvent of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.}, journal = {Global health, epidemiology and genomics}, volume = {2025}, number = {}, pages = {3172234}, pmid = {40271530}, issn = {2054-4200}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology ; Benzalkonium Compounds ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Disinfectants ; *Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology/virology ; Wastewater/microbiology ; Betacoronavirus ; }, abstract = {Background: The unprecedented outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has dramatically changed the global approach to public health, emphasizing the importance of measures to control and prevent infections. In response to the COVID-19 crisis, stringent hygiene practices and surface disinfection have become the norm, with an unprecedented surge in the use of disinfectants and antiseptics (DAs). Main Text: While these measures have been crucial in curbing the spread of the virus, an emerging concern has taken center stage: the potential impact of the prolonged and widespread use of antimicrobial compounds in these products on the development of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has long been recognized as one of the most pressing global health threats. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) such as benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride, which are extensively used in DAs formulations, have gained less attention in the context of AMR. Conclusion: A high abundance of QACs was detected in wastewater, and certain bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterococcus species developed resistance to these compounds over time. We analyzed the available evidence from the scientific literature, examining the presence and concentrations of QACs in different water sources, and their resistance mechanisms. This review aimed to shed light on the multifaceted challenges that arise from the dual battle against the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing global fight against AMR.}, }
@article {pmid40270160, year = {2025}, author = {Gavazova, E and Staynova, R and Grekova-Kafalova, D}, title = {Inappropriate polypharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic: impact, challenges, and solutions - a narrative review.}, journal = {Folia medica}, volume = {67}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3897/folmed.67.e144169}, pmid = {40270160}, issn = {1314-2143}, mesh = {Humans ; *Polypharmacy ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Inappropriate Prescribing/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, impacting various aspects of patient care. Polypharmacy, the concurrent use of multiple medications by a single patient, is a significant concern exacerbated by the pandemic. The dual threat of COVID-19 infection and polypharmacy for the same vulnerable group - the elderly and those with pre-existing multimorbidity - is particularly problematic, as polypharmacy has been shown to lead to suboptimal treatment outcomes in many chronic diseases. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted issues surrounding polypharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing its causes, consequences, and potential solutions.}, }
@article {pmid40269971, year = {2025}, author = {Pohl, R and Wolff, D and Özkan, E and Sprenger, AA and Hasenpusch, C and Wesenberg, J and Düzel, E and Apfelbacher, C}, title = {Prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment following acute respiratory distress syndrome of any cause: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Critical care (London, England)}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {164}, pmid = {40269971}, issn = {1466-609X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/complications/epidemiology/psychology ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology/etiology ; Prevalence ; Incidence ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthesize and appraise the evidence on prevalence of cognitive impairment following acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of any cause.<br><br>METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for observational studies focused on cognitive impairment in adult survivors of ARDS. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence (GRADE) were assessed. A meta-analysis using a random effects model was performed to estimate the overall prevalence of cognitive impairment after ARDS, with subgroup analyses for COVID-19-related ARDS (C-ARDS). Additionally, a meta-regression was conducted to assess the influence of demographic and clinical predictors on cognitive outcomes. Heterogeneity was assessed using &#x3c4;[2] and the I[2] statistic.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 14 studies with 1451 participants, with 650 participants (range: 13-98) included in the analyses. In the subgroup of C-ARDS, 12 studies with 563 participants (range: 13-98) were considered.&#xa0;The pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment following ARDS was 36% (95% CI 26-46%), with high heterogeneity between studies (I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;92%, &#x3c4;[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.03). In C-ARDS cohorts, the prevalence was 34% (95% CI 22-45%), with similar levels of heterogeneity (I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;92.7%, &#x3c4;[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.03). Meta-regression analysis showed &#xa0;that older age predicted a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment following ARDS (b = 0.02, p = 0.033), reducing between-study heterogeneity (I&#xb2; = 60.04%, &#x3c4;&#xb2; = 0.01). ICU stay, sex, and time from ICU discharge to cognitive assessment showed no significant associations (p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis corroborates previous findings that cognitive impairment remains a persistent issue for ARDS survivors. The prevalence of cognitive impairments following ARDS highlights the importance of future research to unravel the complex underlying mechanisms contributing to these deficits and to develop targeted strategies for prevention and rehabilitation in survivors.}, }
@article {pmid40269273, year = {2025}, author = {Male, V and Jones, CE}, title = {Vaccination in pregnancy to protect the newborn.}, journal = {Nature reviews. Immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40269273}, issn = {1474-1741}, abstract = {Infectious diseases pose a particular risk to newborns and there is a global need to protect this vulnerable group. Because of the challenges of developing vaccines that are effective in newborns, only the hepatitis B and tuberculosis vaccines are given in the first 28 days of life, and even those vaccines are mainly only offered to high-risk groups. Maternal antibodies cross the placenta and can afford some protection to the newborn, so an alternative strategy is vaccination in pregnancy. This approach has been successfully used to protect newborns against tetanus and pertussis, and vaccines that are primarily offered to protect the mother during pregnancy, such as influenza and COVID-19 vaccines, also provide some protection to newborns. A respiratory syncytial virus vaccine has recently been approved for use in pregnancy to protect newborns, and a new vaccine that will be offered during pregnancy to prevent Group B Streptococcus infection in infants is on the horizon. Here, we discuss the current vaccines that are offered during pregnancy and to newborns, the vaccines in development for future use in these groups and the challenges that remain concerning the delivery and uptake of such vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid40268657, year = {2025}, author = {Brook, B and Goetz, M and Duval, V and Micol, R and Dowling, DJ}, title = {mRNA vaccines: miRNA-based controlled biodistribution and directed adjuvantation.}, journal = {Trends in immunology}, volume = {46}, number = {5}, pages = {357-360}, doi = {10.1016/j.it.2025.03.004}, pmid = {40268657}, issn = {1471-4981}, mesh = {*MicroRNAs/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Tissue Distribution ; *mRNA Vaccines/immunology ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; BNT162 Vaccine ; *RNA, Messenger/immunology ; 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 ; Lipids/chemistry ; Liposomes ; }, abstract = {The development of ionizable mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) nucleic acid carriers facilitated the clinical translation of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. Here, we discuss insights into rational improvements to mRNA vaccines, focusing on LNP modifications for mRNA-LNP biodistribution control, miRNA-based biodistribution control of encoded transcripts, and precision adjuvantation strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40268602, year = {2025}, author = {Rubin, BK}, title = {Pediatric pulmonary and sleep medicine - Best recent articles to read in 2025.}, journal = {Paediatric respiratory reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.prrv.2025.04.002}, pmid = {40268602}, issn = {1526-0550}, abstract = {It is a challenge to select the "best" recent publications in a field. This is especially so when faced with a feast of outstanding manuscripts across a broad range of topics. I therefore reached out to a Who's Who of friends and colleagues in pediatric pulmonary and sleep medicine for suggestions, and I was delighted and overwhelmed by the response - please see the Acknowledgements for those who contributed ideas. Overwhelmed, by having to read 77 publications suggested by one or more colleagues and having to winnow the list down to a somewhat reasonable number. I chose to include all papers mentioned by two or more of my colleagues and I then selected the remainder to cover the broad range of our field, based upon my belief that a manuscript represented an important contribution to our understanding and clinical care. What follows are the chosen papers organized by topic area. Given the number of papers that made the final cut, I have briefly summarized each of these manuscripts. I hope that you will find something new and exciting in these publications and that you will have as much fun in reading them as I did.}, }
@article {pmid40267760, year = {2025}, author = {Freund, R and Favara, M and Porter, C and Scott, D and Duc, LT}, title = {Under pressure: Assessing the relationship between job loss and mental health of young adults in Vietnam.}, journal = {Social science &amp; medicine (1982)}, volume = {375}, number = {}, pages = {118073}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118073}, pmid = {40267760}, issn = {1873-5347}, mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Female ; Vietnam/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; Anxiety/epidemiology/etiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Mental Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Unemployment/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Depression/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; }, abstract = {We examine the association between job loss and mental health among young people in Vietnam using longitudinal data from the Young Lives survey. We exploit the timing of the first severe wave of COVID-19 which occurred between rounds of a phone survey, allowing comparison of pre- and post-wave job status and mental health for the same individuals. Using fixed effects regressions, our findings suggest that job loss is associated with increased levels of anxiety but not depression, in the short run. Specifically, job loss is linked to a 5.9 percentage point (pp) rise in the probability of experiencing symptoms of mild or severe anxiety, nearly double the pre-wave baseline. This association is particularly evident among individuals in the top earnings tercile who no longer live in their natal household, who experience nearly a 17pp increase in the probability of at least mild anxiety. Additional analysis suggests that financial strain and food insecurity may explain just over 20% of the observed associations. These findings highlight the need for targeted mental health and psychosocial support interventions for young people experiencing job loss, particularly among those who are under financial pressure as primary earners in their household.}, }
@article {pmid40266515, year = {2025}, author = {Krasnova, L and Wong, CH}, title = {Making Universal Vaccines and Antibodies Through Glycoengineering.}, journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)}, volume = {2926}, number = {}, pages = {35-50}, pmid = {40266515}, issn = {1940-6029}, mesh = {Humans ; Glycosylation ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; *Protein Engineering/methods ; Animals ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccine Development/methods ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Polysaccharides/immunology ; Epitopes/immunology ; }, abstract = {Biological glycosylation is a process used by nature to modulate the structure and function of biomolecules, particularly the glycoproteins on the surface of cells. Most human viruses, for example, depend on the host glycosylation machinery to create a sugar coat on the viral surface to facilitate infection and escape immune surveillance. The main immunogens of influenza and COVID viruses are mostly shielded by the sugar coat from immune response, so deletion of the sugar coat would expose the highly conserved epitopes and elicit broadly protective antibody and T cell responses against the virus and different variants. In addition to increased memory T cell response, the antibodies induced by such low-sugar vaccines are more diverse with higher titers against the immunogen, especially the highly conserved epitopes, thus broadening the scope of protection. Furthermore, the Fc-glycans on the antibody can be engineered to improve antibody-mediated killing. This review highlights the impact of glycosylation engineering on the development of universal vaccines and antibodies with improved Fc-mediated killing.}, }
@article {pmid40266228, year = {2025}, author = {Pilewskie, M and Prosperi, C and Bernasconi, A and Esteban, I and Niehaus, L and Ross, C and Carcelen, AC and Moss, WJ and Winter, AK}, title = {The Use of Residual Blood Specimens in Seroprevalence Studies for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40266228}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {OPP1094816//The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {Background: Residual blood specimens offer a cost- and time-efficient alternative for conducting serological surveys. However, their use is often criticized due to potential issues with the representativeness of the target population and/or limited availability of associated metadata. We conducted a scoping review to examine where, when, how, and why residual blood specimens have been used in serological surveys for vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) and how potential selection biases are addressed. Methods: The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and identified relevant papers published in 1990-2022. Results: A total of 601 articles met the inclusion criteria after title, abstract screening, and full-text review. The most studied VPDs using residual blood specimens were COVID-19 (27%), hepatitis E (16%), hepatitis B (10%), influenza (9%), HPV (7%), and measles (7%). Residual blood specimens were primarily sourced from diagnostic specimens (61%) or blood and plasma donations (37%). Almost all articles used specimens linked to basic demographic data (e.g., age and sex), with 47% having access to extended demographic data (e.g., geographic location). Common strategies to address potential biases included comparing results with published estimates (78%) and performing stratified analyses (71%). Conclusions: Residual blood specimens are widely used in seroprevalence studies, particularly during emerging disease outbreaks when rapid estimates are critical. However, this review highlighted inconsistencies in how researchers analyze and report the use of residual specimens. We propose a set of recommendations to improve the analysis, reporting, and ethical considerations of serological surveys using residual specimens.}, }
@article {pmid40266208, year = {2025}, author = {Loddo, F and Laganà, P and Rizzo, CE and Calderone, SM and Romeo, B and Venuto, R and Maisano, D and Fedele, F and Squeri, R and Nicita, A and Nirta, A and Genovese, G and Bartucciotto, L and Genovese, C}, title = {Intestinal Microbiota and Vaccinations: A Systematic Review of the Literature.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40266208}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Background: Vaccination constitutes a low-cost, safe, and efficient public health measure that can help prevent the spread of infectious diseases and benefit the community. The fact that vaccination effectiveness varies among populations, and that the causes of this are still unclear, indicates that several factors are involved and should be thoroughly examined. The "intestinal microbiota" is the most crucial of these elements. Numerous clinical studies demonstrate the intestinal microbiota's significance in determining the alleged "immunogenicity" and efficacy of vaccines. This systematic review aimed to review all relevant scientific literature and highlight the role of intestinal microbiota in COVID-19, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, and rotavirus vaccinations. Materials and Methods: The MESH terms "vaccines" and "microbiota" were used to search the major scientific databases PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials. Results: Between February 2024 and October 2024, the analysis was conducted using electronic databases, yielding a total of 235 references. Finally, 24 RCTs were chosen after meeting all inclusion criteria: eight studies of COVID-19, two studies of Salmonella typhi, three studies of Vibrio cholerae, and eleven studies of rotavirus. Only six of these demonstrated good study quality with a Jadad score of three or four. Conclusions: According to the review's results, the intestinal microbiota surely plays a role in vaccinations' enhanced immunogenicity, especially in younger people. As it is still unclear what mechanisms underlie this effect, more research is needed to better understand the role of the intestinal microbiota.}, }
@article {pmid40266207, year = {2025}, author = {Livieratos, A and Gogos, C and Thomas, I and Akinosoglou, K}, title = {Vaccination Strategies: Mixing Paths Versus Matching Tracks.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40266207}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Vaccination strategies play a pivotal role in achieving broad and robust immune protection. With the advent of new technologies and challenges posed by emerging infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV-2, evaluating the efficacy of homologous (matching tracks) and heterologous (mixing paths) vaccination regimens is critical. This article explores mechanistic insights and empirical evidence on the benefits and limitations of these approaches.}, }
@article {pmid40266155, year = {2025}, author = {Leontari, K and Lianou, A and Tsantes, AG and Filippatos, F and Iliodromiti, Z and Boutsikou, T and Paliatsou, S and Chaldoupis, AE and Ioannou, P and Mpakosi, A and Iacovidou, N and Sokou, R}, title = {Pertussis in Early Infancy: Diagnostic Challenges, Disease Burden, and Public Health Implications Amidst the 2024 Resurgence, with Emphasis on Maternal Vaccination Strategies.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40266155}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough, an acute and highly contagious respiratory infection that can have serious and fatal complications such as pneumonia, encephalopathy, and seizures, especially for newborns. The disease is endemic not only in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) but also globally. Larger outbreaks are anticipated every three to five years, even in countries where vaccination rates are high. Despite the high pertussis vaccination coverage in developed countries and a low rate of pertussis incidence for many years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of pertussis has been on the rise again, with outbreaks in some places, which is referred to as "re-emergence of pertussis". The aim of this review is to underscore the critical importance of achieving high vaccination coverage, particularly among pregnant women, to safeguard vulnerable neonates from pertussis during their early months, before they are eligible for vaccination. This aligns with the need to address diagnostic challenges, mitigate disease severity, and strengthen public health strategies in light of the ongoing 2024 Bordetella pertussis resurgence.}, }
@article {pmid40266118, year = {2025}, author = {Parodi, JF and Runzer-Colmenares, F and Cano-Gutiérrez, C and Dinamarca-Montecinos, JL and Torre, PB and Villas Boas, PF and Flores-Cohaila, J and Urrunaga-Pastor, D and Gutiérrez-Robledo, LM}, title = {Respiratory Vaccines in Older Adults: A Bibliometric Analysis and Future Research Agenda.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40266118}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Respiratory infections impact older adults due to immunosenescence and comorbidities, resulting in increased healthcare costs and mortality. While vaccination is a critical preventive measure, research on respiratory vaccines in older adults in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) remains underexplored. This study aims to map the research landscape and identify emerging themes to guide future studies.<br><br>METHODS: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science database, focusing on publications up to 2023 related to respiratory vaccines in LAC's older adult population. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed for data extraction and analysis, with performance metrics and scientometric mapping conducted using Biblioshiny 4.1 and VOSviewer.<br><br>RESULTS: Ninety-nine studies spanning forty-one journals and 575 authors were included. Brazil contributed 70% of publications, followed by Mexico and Argentina. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines were the most studied, focusing on coverage, acceptance, and cost-effectiveness. Emerging themes included COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and vaccination-associated factors. Brazil was identified as the primary hub for collaboration across the region, while other countries made limited contributions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight disparities in research output, with Brazil dominating and significant gaps in other LAC countries. Future research should prioritize genomic studies, vaccine efficacy in comorbid populations, and adaptive immunization strategies. Building research capacity and fostering international collaborations are essential for improving vaccination outcomes in older adults across LAC.}, }
@article {pmid40266112, year = {2025}, author = {Wong, J and Gill, C and Abdo, A and Eisa, A}, title = {The Influence of Financial Incentives on Vaccination Hesitancy: A Narrative Review of Recent Research.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40266112}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vaccine hesitancy represents a significant global health challenge that greatly hinders public health efforts focused on managing the transmission of infectious diseases. A wealth of original research conducted worldwide has examined various incentives that could help alleviate vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccination rates. Although some findings are conflicting, no comprehensive review has yet assessed the overall effectiveness of these strategies. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by examining how financial incentives influence people's willingness to undergo vaccination.<br><br>METHODS: In August 2024, we extensively searched four databases for studies focusing on financial incentives and vaccination rates. Examples of financial incentives included lottery tickets and hypothetical or physical monetary rewards ranging in various amounts depending on the study. We selected nineteen relevant articles from a larger pool and evaluated them for validity and bias.<br><br>RESULTS: Around eighty percent of the research focused on COVID-19 vaccines, driven by the ongoing pandemic and the debates surrounding their use. Most of the studies indicated a positive influence of financial incentives on vaccination rates, although they often came with a higher risk of bias. Conversely, several studies suggest that financial incentives do not result in benefits. Instead, they highlight other factors that have a more profound effect on influencing people to undergo vaccination. The remaining studies are inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of financial incentives, concluding the need for further research. The strategies to mitigate these concerns included a combination of legal and monetary incentives.<br><br>SUMMARY: The effectiveness of financial incentives in boosting vaccination rates seems to differ significantly based on the region and context. They tend to be more effective in economically disadvantaged developing countries. In contrast, in developed nations, they may be ineffective or counterproductive due to various confounding factors such as financial background, lack of trust in the healthcare system, and/or lack of patient education. In resource-rich areas, educational programs often yield better results, and addressing widespread mistrust in healthcare systems and governmental policies through transparency is essential. Ultimately, employing tailored incentives alongside public education could enhance vaccination acceptance, particularly in culturally diverse countries like the United States, where understanding community preferences is crucial.}, }
@article {pmid40266109, year = {2025}, author = {Inauen, J and LaBroome, S and Maldari, A and Stevens, NE and Geake, JB and Lynn, DJ and Barry, S}, title = {Efficacy of Bacille Calmette-Guérin Against COVID-19 Hospitalisation: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomised Control Trials.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40266109}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The BCG vaccine has long been hypothesised to have non-specific protective effects, and early epidemiological studies on COVID-19 suggested a possible protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the effect of the BCG vaccine on preventing severe COVID-19 disease, based on the rate of hospitalisation for COVID-19 related disease.<br><br>METHODS: We performed a literature search of randomised control trials comparing BCG vaccine to placebo in adult participants using EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. A random effects model was used to generate summary estimates. Risk of bias was assessed regarding randomisation, allocation sequence concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other biases.<br><br>RESULTS: We included 11 studies involving 18,412 participants, reporting COVID-19 incidence. The hospitalisation rate was sought from the authors of papers that did not report on this statistic. There was no significant reduction in COVID-19-related hospitalisation across all studies (relative risk 0.85, 0.51-1.40, p = 0.335), COVID-19 incidence across all studies (relative risk 1.07, 0.94-1.21, p = 0.264), deaths reported in six studies (relative risk 0.67, 0.36-1.26, p = 0.733), and COVID-19-related critical care admissions reported in four studies (relative risk 0.43, 0.13-1.46, p = 0.746).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this meta-analysis, involving a large number of participants, suggest no protective effect of BCG vaccination against severe COVID-19 outcomes or overall SARS-CoV-2 incidence. Further research may be needed to explore the potential non-specific effects of BCG vaccination in other specific populations and against other infections.}, }
@article {pmid40266105, year = {2025}, author = {Fousseni, S and Ngangue, P and Barro, A and Ramde, SW and Bihina, LT and Ngoufack, MN and Bayoulou, S and Kiki, GM and Salfo, O}, title = {Navigating the Road to Immunization Equity: Systematic Review of Challenges in Introducing New Vaccines into Sub-Saharan Africa's Health Systems.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40266105}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: Over the past 50 years, developing new vaccines has been pivotal in responding to emerging and re-emerging diseases globally. However, despite substantial partner support, introducing new vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa remains challenging. This systematic review documents the barriers to new vaccine introduction in sub-Saharan Africa by distinguishing between vaccines integrated into routine immunization programs and those introduced primarily for outbreak response. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted across five databases for articles published in English or French on the challenges of new vaccine introduction in sub-Saharan Africa. Three reviewers screened articles independently based on the titles and abstracts, with full-text assessments conducted for inclusion. Data were analyzed thematically and synthesized narratively. Results: A total of 796 articles were retrieved from the five databases. Following the screening, 33 articles were finally retained and included in the review. These articles concerned the introduction of eight new vaccines (malaria vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine, HPV vaccine, Ebola vaccine, cholera vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, and typhoid vaccine). The analyses revealed coordination and financing challenges for six vaccines in seventeen countries, acceptability challenges for five vaccines in ten countries, logistical challenges for two vaccines in six countries, and quality service delivery challenges for three vaccines in thirteen countries. Conclusions: Addressing the challenges of introducing new vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa requires targeted, evidence-based strategies. Prioritizing political commitment, innovative funding, public education, workforce development, and infrastructure improvements will strengthen immunization systems and enable timely vaccine delivery. Collaborative efforts and a focus on local context can advance equitable health outcomes, safeguard public health, and support global immunization goals.}, }
@article {pmid40266071, year = {2025}, author = {Kwok, WC and Wong, JC and Cheung, A and Tam, TC}, title = {Vaccination in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40266071}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often exacerbated by various viruses and bacteria, leading to acute episodes of worsening respiratory symptoms, which contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality associated with COPD. Consequently, vaccination against these pathogens is recommended by numerous guidelines to safeguard COPD patients from adverse health outcomes. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) recommendation advocates for vaccination against influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2), pertussis, and varicella zoster. This review article will examine the current vaccination strategies recommended for adult COPD patients and will discuss the clinical benefits associated with these vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid40265842, year = {2025}, author = {Matthews, L and Cook, J and Stephan, R and Milacic, M and Rothfels, K and Shamovsky, V and Jassal, B and Haw, R and Sevilla, C and Gong, C and Ragueneau, E and May, B and Wright, A and Weiser, J and Beavers, D and Tiwari, K and Senff-Ribeiro, A and Varusai, T and Hermjakob, H and D'Eustachio, P and Wu, G and Stein, L and Gillespie, ME}, title = {Advancing curation of viral life cycles, host interactions, and therapeutics in Reactome.}, journal = {Journal of virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e0202424}, doi = {10.1128/jvi.02024-24}, pmid = {40265842}, issn = {1098-5514}, abstract = {Reactome (reactome.org) is a manually curated, peer-reviewed, open-source, open-access pathway knowledgebase of essential human cellular functions. Reactome includes viral life cycles that capture a broad range of virus-induced human pathology. Here, we describe a workflow using collaborative curation strategies, orthoinference procedures, and literature triage to rapidly create reliable molecular models of emergent viruses. The resulting pathway data set rigorously details viral infection pathways, interactions with normal human biological processes, and potential therapeutic compounds.}, }
@article {pmid40265383, year = {2025}, author = {Contractor, JB and Radha, V and Shah, K and Singh, P and Tadepalli, S and Nimbalkar, S and Mohan, V and Shah, P}, title = {Congenital Hyperinsulinism India Association: An Approach to Address the Challenges and Opportunities of a Rare Disease.}, journal = {Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40265383}, issn = {2076-3271}, mesh = {Humans ; India/epidemiology ; *Congenital Hyperinsulinism/genetics/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy ; *Rare Diseases/epidemiology/genetics/therapy/diagnosis ; }, abstract = {India's population complexity presents varied challenges in genetic research, and while facilities have gained traction in tier-1 and -2 cities, reliance on international collaborations often delays such investigations. COVID-19 further exacerbated the issues with such sample sharing. Congenital Hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare genetic disorder of pancreatic β-cells causing hypoglycaemia in children due to abnormal insulin secretion. Given India's high birth rate and consanguineous populations, annual CHI cases are estimated to be around up to 10,000, with up to 50% having unexplained genetic causes. Diffuse or atypical lesions in such patients often necessitate near-total-pancreatectomy, risking pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and diabetes, requiring lifelong therapy. Also, novel genetic variations complicate accurate diagnosis, risk assessment, and counselling, emphasising the need for rapid genetic assessment to prevent neurological injuries and inform treatment decisions. Despite significant efforts at many institutes, there are no dedicated organisations for CHI in India. With the implementation of the National Policy for Rare Diseases 2021, we plan to form a non-profit organisation, "Congenital Hyperinsulinism India Association (CHIA)", comprising paediatric endocrinologists, paediatricians, geneticists, and independent researchers. The aims of this association are to generate a national database registry of patients, formulate a parent support group and CHIA consortium, design patient information leaflets, as well as foster genomic collaborations and promote clinical trials. Such steps will help sensitise the health authorities and policy makers, urging them to improve the allocation of health budgets for rare diseases, as well as empower patients and their families, contributing towards a better quality of life.}, }
@article {pmid40265202, year = {2025}, author = {Lau, MPXL and Ling, RR and Ong, BJA and Cho, HJ and Jeong, IS and Sahoo, TK and Chua, HR and Shekar, K and Ramanathan, K}, title = {Kidney replacement therapy during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: pathophysiology, technical considerations, and outcomes.}, journal = {Renal failure}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {2486557}, pmid = {40265202}, issn = {1525-6049}, mesh = {Humans ; *Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods/adverse effects ; *Acute Kidney Injury/therapy/physiopathology/etiology ; *Renal Replacement Therapy/methods ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome ; }, abstract = {The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been increasing over time, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Whilst lifesaving, complications that must be managed are also associated with its use. AKI and fluid overload are complications of concern due to their associations with poor outcomes, and ability to be managed by additional interventions such as the use of kidney replacement therapy. Various modalities, timings, and types of kidney replacement therapy are currently being used and outcomes regarding its concurrent use with extracorporeal membranous oxygenation across centers may be mixed. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of AKI, methods, modalities and impact of concurrent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and kidney replacement therapy.}, }
@article {pmid40265016, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, D and Peng, J and Zhu, Y and Gong, Q and Wang, Q and Xiang, C and Du, H and Hu, X}, title = {Mapping the research landscape of PET/CT in lymphoma: insights from a bibliometric analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in oncology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1513296}, pmid = {40265016}, issn = {2234-943X}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends in Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) applications for lymphoma, aiming to identify key contributors, emerging topics, and collaboration patterns within the field.<br><br>METHODS: Data from the Web of Science Core Collection (2004-2024) were analyzed. Original articles and reviews in English on PET/CT in lymphoma staging, response assessment, or prognosis were included, while case reports, meeting abstracts, and editorials were excluded. Using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix R, we evaluated country/institutional contributions, co-citation networks, keyword trends, and employed linear regression for trend forecasting.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 2,962 papers related to PET/CT and lymphoma were published during the study period. The annual publication volume increased significantly, peaking in 2021 with 281 papers, followed by a decline to 260 in 2023, potentially linked to COVID-19-related research disruptions. The United States and China led in publication volume, contributing over 40% of global publications. Leading institutions included UNICANCER and Assistance Publique H&#xf4;pitaux de Paris. Influential authors such as Sally F. Barrington and Michel Meignan were identified. The European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and the Journal of Nuclear Medicine were the top journals in this field. Key research themes included staging, response assessment, prognosis, and the role of PET/CT in personalized treatment approaches.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This bibliometric analysis highlights the significant growth and evolving trends in PET/CT research for lymphoma. The findings underscore the critical role of PET/CT in advancing precision medicine, informing future research directions, and optimizing clinical practices in lymphoma management.}, }
@article {pmid40264303, year = {2025}, author = {Healy, L and Seto, BY and Cui, H and Li, B}, title = {Non-viral mRNA delivery to the lungs.}, journal = {Biomaterials science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1039/d5bm00322a}, pmid = {40264303}, issn = {2047-4849}, abstract = {The rapid advancement of mRNA therapeutics, exemplified by COVID-19 vaccines, underscores the transformative potential of non-viral delivery systems. However, achieving efficient and targeted mRNA delivery to the lungs remains a critical challenge due to biological barriers such as pulmonary mucus, nanoparticle instability, and off-target accumulation particularly in the liver. Addressing these challenges is crucial for advancing treatments for respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and lung cancers. This review highlights emerging strategies to enhance lung-targeted mRNA delivery, focusing on lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrids, and peptide/protein conjugates. By discussing advances in bioinspired design and nanoparticle reformulation, this review provides a roadmap for overcoming current delivery limitations and accelerating the clinical translation of lung-targeted mRNA therapies.}, }
@article {pmid40263685, year = {2025}, author = {Poudineh, M and Amirbeik, A and Firouzabadi, MD and Hajizadeh, M and Kahe, F and Babaniamansour, S and Poopak, A and Tajrishi, FZ and Deravi, N and Rahmanian, M and Ghasemirad, H and Malek, M and Noroozi, M and Fathi, M and Keylani, K and Firouzabadi, AD and Abbasabad, GD and Yazdanian, F and Ramezanpour, S and Babaniamansour, A and Tajrishi, FZ and Mohammadi, S and Ansari, G and Firouzabadi, FD and Yousem, DM}, title = {Olfactory and Gustatory Recovery Time Evaluation of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Acta medica Indonesiana}, volume = {57}, number = {1}, pages = {18-43}, pmid = {40263685}, issn = {2338-2732}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Olfaction Disorders/virology/etiology ; *Taste Disorders/virology/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Recovery of Function ; Pandemics ; Time Factors ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the recovery rate and duration of these symptoms in COVID-19patients.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed and Google Scholar from April 1st, 2020, until October 1st, 2022, using the terms ''COVID-19'' OR ''COV-2,'' OR ''Coronavirus 2'' OR coronavirus AND ''loss of smell'' OR Anosmia OR Hyposmia OR olfaction OR ''olfactory loss'' AND ageusia OR Hypogeusia OR dysgeusia OR ''gustatory loss'' OR gustation OR ''loss of taste''. The references of included studies were also manually screened. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed.<br><br>RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-five studies with test-confirmed COVID-19 infection from 31 countries were included. 62 publications which reported data on loss of taste were used to estimate patients' recovery rate in 13700 COVID-19 patients. Accordingly, the time to recovery of loss of taste among COVID-19 patients ranged from 2&#xb1;0.352 to 43.6 &#xb1; 28.5 days. The estimated overall pooled recovery rate of loss of taste among COVID-19 patients was 74%. The estimated overall pooled time to recover loss of taste among COVID-19 patients was 11.44 days [95% CI 8.11, 14.77(]. 90 publications which reported data on loss of smell were used to estimate patients' recovery rate in 20027 COVID-19 patients. Accordingly, the time to recover the loss of smell among COVID-19 patients ranged from 2.44&#xb1;0.352 to 31.9 &#xb1; 30.7 days The estimated overall pooled recovery rate of loss of smell among COVID-19 patients was 72%. The estimated overall pooled time to recover loss of smell among COVID-19 patients was 12.87 days [95% CI)1011, 15.64(].<br><br>CONCLUSION: The recovery rate of loss of smell and taste among COVID-19 patients was high globally, and time to recovery of loss of smell and taste among COVID-19 patients usually was less than 2 weeks; regional differences supported the relevance of these symptoms as important markers. Health workers must consider smell and taste symptoms as suspicion indices for the empirical diagnosis of COVID-19 infection and reassure patients with their high recovery rate in a short period of time.}, }
@article {pmid40261365, year = {2025}, author = {Voderholzer, U and Naab, S and Cuntz, U and Schlegl, S}, title = {[Anorexia nervosa-An update. German version].}, journal = {Der Nervenarzt}, volume = {96}, number = {3}, pages = {220-229}, pmid = {40261365}, issn = {1433-0407}, mesh = {Humans ; *Anorexia Nervosa/therapy/diagnosis/psychology/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; *Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods ; Germany ; Family Therapy/methods ; Child ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; Female ; }, abstract = {Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder with the highest mortality rate among eating disorders. It predominantly affects adolescents and young adults, with a significant increase in prevalence among adolescents observed since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is frequently associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders as well as numerous physical complications. An early diagnosis and treatment are associated with better outcomes. The treatment of choice for AN includes cognitive behavioral therapy and family-based therapy for children and adolescents. Innovative treatment approaches, such as home treatment and technology-based interventions, have shown promising preliminary results. With the exception of moderate evidence supporting the use of olanzapine regarding weight gain, there is currently no evidence for the efficacy of psychopharmacotherapy in AN. Future research should focus on prevention, early detection and intervention, relapse prevention, personalized treatment approaches, management of comorbid disorders, long-term studies and the influence of psychosocial factors.}, }
@article {pmid40260163, year = {2025}, author = {Vink, K and Kusters, J and Wallinga, J}, title = {Chrono-optimizing vaccine administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1516523}, pmid = {40260163}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunization Schedule ; *Vaccination/methods ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Female ; Aged ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that vaccine responses may vary based on the time of day of administration. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of vaccination timing on immune responses, to assess its potential role in optimizing vaccination programs.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in Embase, Medline and Scopus to identify eligible observational studies and clinical trials that assessed immune responses following vaccination at different times of the day in humans. A meta-analysis of clinical trials was conducted to quantify the effect size of vaccination timing on antibody responses.<br><br>RESULTS: The search identified 17 studies that compared vaccine responses at different times of the day, covering vaccinations against COVID-19 (9), influenza (5), hepatitis B (2), hepatitis A (1), and pneumococcal infection (1). Eleven out of these 17 studies demonstrated statistically significant effects of vaccination timing on the antibody response, with 10 reporting stronger antibody responses following morning compared to afternoon vaccination. Of the six subgroups with an average age of 60 years and older, five showed significantly stronger antibody responses following morning vaccination, while the sixth showed a significant effect only in men. In contrast, only five out of 16 subgroups with an average age younger than 60 years showed a statistically significant effect of vaccination timing on antibody titers. Similarly, the meta-analysis indicated that receiving influenza vaccination in the morning elicited a stronger antibody response than in the afternoon (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.01-0.47), with subgroup analyses revealing a larger effect in adults aged 65 and older (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.21-0.43) compared to those aged 60 or younger (SMD = 0.00, 95% CI = -0.17-0.17).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Morning vaccination enhanced antibody responses in adults aged 60 years and older, a key demographic for influenza and COVID-19 vaccination. Chrono-optimizing vaccine administration may offer a low-risk, low-cost strategy to boost vaccine effectiveness in this age group.<br><br>https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2025-1-0060/.}, }
@article {pmid40260091, year = {2025}, author = {Liu, W and Liu, X and Kang, S and Yuan, Y}, title = {Low vitamin K status is a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in nutrition}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1476622}, pmid = {40260091}, issn = {2296-861X}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To provide further data support for the treatment of COVID-19 by conducting a comprehensive analysis of reports on dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein (dp-ucMGP), which detects the functional vitamin K status post COVID-19 infection, using meta-analysis.<br><br>METHODS: This study conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of relevant research on dp-ucMGP detection in patients infected with COVID-19 through meta-analysis. The article collection period ranged from January 2024 to April 2024.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 6 articles were included in this study. Baseline data analysis showed that the age of patients in the COVID-19 infected group was greater than that of the non-infected control group (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.030); similarly, the age of patients in the severe infection group was also greater than that of the mild infection group (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.003). In the analysis of underlying diseases, statistical differences were found between the Severe group and Mild group in the presence of CVD (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.010). A total of 5 studies conducted dp-ucMGP detection in both the COVID-19 infected group and the control group. The results showed that the expression of dp-ucMGP was higher in the infected group than in the control group (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the expression of dp-ucMGP in the severe infection group was also higher than that in the mild infection group (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSION: COVID-19 infected patients exhibit Low Vitamin K Status, which correlates positively with the severity of infection. Supplementation of vitamin K during COVID-19 infection may potentially mitigate the progression toward severe infection, necessitating further support from clinical data.}, }
@article {pmid40259889, year = {2025}, author = {Fonseca, WT and Parra Vello, T and Lelis, GC and Ferreira Deleigo, AV and Takahira, RK and Martinez, DST and de Oliveira, RF}, title = {Chemical Sensors and Biosensors for Point-of-Care Testing of Pets: Opportunities for Individualized Diagnostics of Companion Animals.}, journal = {ACS sensors}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acssensors.4c03664}, pmid = {40259889}, issn = {2379-3694}, abstract = {Point-of-care testing (POCT) is recognized as one of the most disruptive medical technologies for rapid and decentralized diagnostics. Successful commercial examples include portable glucose meters, pregnancy tests, and COVID-19 self-tests. However, compared to advancements in human healthcare, POCT technologies for companion animals (pets) remain significantly underdeveloped. This Review explores the latest advancements in pet POCT and examines the challenges and opportunities in the field for individualized diagnostics of cats and dogs. The most frequent diseases and their respective biomarkers in blood, urine, and saliva are discussed. We examine key strategies for developing the next-generation POCT devices by harnessing the potential of selective (bio)receptors and high-performing transducers such as lateral flow tests and electrochemical (bio)sensors. We also present the most recent research initiatives and the successful commercial pet POCT technologies. We discuss future trends in the field, such the role of biomarker discovery and development of wearable, implantable, and breath sensors. We believe that advancing pet POCT technologies benefits not only animals but also humans and the environment, supporting the One Health approach.}, }
@article {pmid40259874, year = {2025}, author = {Huang, X and Gao, H and Zhang, J and Zhan, P and Liu, X}, title = {A patent review of anti-coronavirus agents targeting the spike-ACE2 interaction (2019-present).}, journal = {Expert opinion on therapeutic patents}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-12}, doi = {10.1080/13543776.2025.2494860}, pmid = {40259874}, issn = {1744-7674}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, crucial for coronavirus recognition of host cells, is a key target for therapeutic intervention against SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses. Therefore, thoroughly investigating the interaction mechanism between ACE2 and the Spike protein (S protein), as well as developing targeted inhibitors based on this mechanism, is vital for effectively controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and preventing potential future pandemics caused by other coronaviruses.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: This article comprehensively reviews the mechanisms underlying ACE2-S protein interaction that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. It also analyzes the patent landscape regarding inhibitors targeting the ACE2-S interface since 2019.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: In the 5 years since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, numerous methods and design strategies have been employed to develop innovative therapeutics against coronaviruses. Among these approaches, inhibitors targeting both the ACE2 receptor and the S protein have gained significant interest due to their potential in blocking various coronaviruses. Despite facing challenges similar to other protein-protein interaction inhibitors, progress has been made in developing these inhibitors through virtual screening, covalent protein binding, and peptide modification strategies. However, obstacles persist in clinical translation, necessitating a multidisciplinary strategy that integrates state-of-the-art methodologies to optimize S-ACE2 interface-targeted drug discovery.}, }
@article {pmid40259865, year = {2025}, author = {Bjorvatn, B and Merikanto, I and Chung, F and Holzinger, B and Morin, CM and Penzel, T and De Gennaro, L and Dauvilliers, Y and Wing, YK and Benedict, C and Xue, P and Reis, C and Korman, M and Landtblom, AM and Matsui, K and Hrubos-Strøm, H and Mota-Rolim, S and Nadorff, MR and Berezin, L and Sarkanen, T and Liu, Y and Scarpelli, S and Brandao, LEM and Cedernaes, J and Fränkl, EC and Partinen, E and Bolstad, CJ and Plazzi, G and Partinen, M and Espie, CA}, title = {Sleep During Pandemic Times: Summary of Findings and Future Outlook Through the Lens of the International COVID Sleep Study (ICOSS).}, journal = {Journal of sleep research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e70076}, doi = {10.1111/jsr.70076}, pmid = {40259865}, issn = {1365-2869}, abstract = {To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep and circadian rhythms-two fundamental pillars for health-the collaboration International COVID-19 Sleep Study (ICOSS) was established. The present overview comprehensively discusses the findings from this collaboration. Involving sleep researchers across the globe, ICOSS used a harmonised questionnaire to cover changes in sleep and sleep disorders, as well as physical and mental health. Two survey waves were conducted, one in 2020 and another one in 2021. In ICOSS-1, a total of 26,539 people from 14 countries across four continents (Europe, Asia, North and South America) participated. In ICOSS-2, two more countries joined ICOSS, and 15,813 people participated. The focus in ICOSS-2 was on Long COVID. Participants accessed the widely disseminated online surveys in their native language. In the 20 papers published so far, the surveys have uncovered several novel findings, including how the pandemic impacted sleep patterns, the prevalence of sleep disorders, chronotype-based differences and sleep-immune system interactions. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other large-scale multinational study targeting the general population investigating the role of sleep and sleep disorders alongside a variety of psychological, biological, social and economic factors during the recent COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40259707, year = {2025}, author = {Sajid, M and Ali, D and Qureshi, S and Ahmad, R and Sajjad, A and Waqas, SA and Ahmed, R and Collins, P}, title = {Trends and Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction-Related Mortality Among U.S. Adults With Hypertension, 2000-2023.}, journal = {Clinical cardiology}, volume = {48}, number = {4}, pages = {e70129}, pmid = {40259707}, issn = {1932-8737}, support = {//The authors received no specific funding for this work./ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Hypertension/mortality/complications/ethnology/diagnosis ; Male ; United States/epidemiology ; Female ; *Myocardial Infarction/mortality/ethnology ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Status Disparities ; *Healthcare Disparities ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a major public health concern and a key risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), significantly contributing to cardiovascular mortality. Despite advancements in management and treatment, trends in associated mortality remain underexplored.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study examines U.S. national trends in hypertension- and AMI-associated mortality from 2000 to 2023, focusing on demographics and regions.<br><br>METHODS: Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 for adults aged &#x2265;&#x2009;25 with hypertension and AMI were extracted from the CDC WONDER database. Annual percent changes (APCs) and average APCs (AAPCs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, stratified by year, sex, race/ethnicity, age, urbanization, and Census region.<br><br>RESULTS: From 2000 to 2023, 933,024 hypertension- and AMI-related deaths were recorded. Overall, AAMR declined from 19.84 per 100,000 in 2000 to 16.26 in 2023 (AAPC: -0.93%, 95% CI: -1.18% to -0.76%). However, a sharp rise in mortality occurred between 2018 and 2021, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Stratified analyses revealed persistently higher mortality rates among menmen, non-Hispanic BlackBlack individuals, and residents of the Southern and rural U.S. regions. Younger adults showed an increasing AAMR trend, indicating a growing burden of hypertension and AMI-associated disease.<br><br>CONCLUSION: While long-term mortality trends show a decline, recent years have seen a rise, particularly among high-risk groups. Targeted public health interventions addressing hypertension management, cardiovascular risk reduction, and healthcare disparities are essential to mitigate the ongoing burden of hypertension and AMI mortality in the U.S.}, }
@article {pmid40259563, year = {2025}, author = {Cornish, F and Sabaine, B and Soares, L and Caldas, B and Portela, MC and Bousquat, A and Aveling, EL}, title = {The erasure of infection-associated chronic conditions: Critical interpretive synthesis of literature on healthcare for long COVID and related conditions in Brazil.}, journal = {Global public health}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {2490720}, doi = {10.1080/17441692.2025.2490720}, pmid = {40259563}, issn = {1744-1706}, mesh = {Humans ; Brazil/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy/complications ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Delivery of Health Care ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; }, abstract = {Evidence is emerging that long COVID is at least as prevalent in the Global South as the Global North, but literature on long COVID healthcare in the Global South is in its infancy. Brazil is seeing significant levels of debility due to long COVID but a limited national evidence-base. long COVID shares symptomatology and appropriate care with a wider category of infection-associated chronic conditions (IACCs). This article reviews literature published between 2000 and 2023 addressing healthcare for long COVID and IACCs in Brazil, in the interest of exploring challenges and opportunities for the SUS (Brazil's universal health system) to offer appropriate long COVID healthcare. We find that long COVID and IACCs collectively are subject to erasure from Brazilian healthcare knowledge, through lack of expertise, a resource-limited health system prioritising urgent care, and the concentration of poor health in marginalised populations with limited decision-making power. A nascent intellectual will to address long COVID, and a tradition of social participation in healthcare governance present potential opportunities. We call for ignition of a global step-change in tackling healthcare for long COVID and IACCs. Global equity in long COVID healthcare requires the development and sharing of expertise regarding its universal and context-specific features.}, }
@article {pmid40258740, year = {2025}, author = {Semnani, K and Esmaeili, S}, title = {Nuances in the global impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis control efforts: An updated review.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {104}, number = {16}, pages = {e42195}, pmid = {40258740}, issn = {1536-5964}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Tuberculosis/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/diagnosis ; Global Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has affected public health systems in an unprecedented manner. There has been an abundance of discussion regarding the possible effects of the pandemic in disruption of health services aiming at tuberculosis (TB) infection control - including hindered screening efforts and delays in diagnosis and treatment. The pandemic has also been proposed to affect TB transmission via lifestyle modifications. Moreover, some research has suggested a more direct link between COVID-19 infection and increased TB morbidity and mortality. The authors conducted a narrative review of the relevant literature. Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Reports of impaired TB case-notification were ubiquitous during the early stages of the pandemic. Subsequently, divergent patterns emerged: recovery and decreased TB incidence in countries with stringent public health measures, low local transmission of TB, and resilient health systems; or devastating results from TB underdiagnosis and delayed treatment in countries with high TB burden, limited COVID-19 control measures, and public health funding. Few studies quantified the effects of TB and COVID-19 co-infection - and the possible role of COVID-19 infection in reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains ambiguous. Despite the lapse of the COVID-19 pandemic, its effects on TB control efforts perseverate. Particularly, great care is warranted for recovery of impacted healthcare systems in low-income countries.}, }
@article {pmid40258634, year = {2025}, author = {Barry, K and Fernández-García, S and Khashaba, A and Ruiz-Calvo, G and Roncal Redin, M and Mahmoud, G and Yap, M and King, Y and Zhou, D and Mamey, M and Shepherd-Evans, I and Sheikh, J and Lawson, H and Kew, T and Ansari, K and Attarde, S and Banjoko, A and Fraser, H and Littmoden, M and Rajah, T and Walker, K and O'Donoghue, K and van Wely, M and van Leeuwen, E and Kostova, E and Kunst, H and Khalil, A and Brizuela, V and Kara, E and Kim, CR and Thorson, A and Oladapo, OT and Mofenson, L and Bonet, M and Zamora, J and Allotey, J and Thangaratinam, S and , }, title = {Global maternal mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40258634}, issn = {2059-7908}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality ; Female ; *Maternal Mortality ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/mortality ; *Global Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Cause of Death ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pregnant and recently pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at increased risk of death and serious complications than those without the infection. The extent of variation in mortality rates in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection across regions, and the causes of death are not known. We systematically reviewed all available evidence on the variation in mortality rates in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection across geographical and country income groups, and the reported cause of death.<br><br>METHODS: We searched major databases (December 2019-January 2023) including Medline, LILACS, BIREME and Embase. We included studies that reported deaths in at least 10 consecutive pregnant or recently pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and assessed the studies' risk of bias. We calculated the summary estimates of any cause of death as proportions with 95% CIs using a multilevel random-effects logistic regression model. Subgroup analyses were performed by geographical region and country income groups. We used International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-Maternal Mortality to categorise the reported cause of death.<br><br>FINDINGS: From 1 326 315 citations, we included 169 studies (319 172 women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection; 4253 women died). The overall rate of unspecified maternal death was 0.87% (95% CI 0.64% to 1.16%). There were significant differences between geographical regions in rates of maternal mortality, with the highest rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (3.48%; 95% CI 0.66% to 16.42%) and Latin America and the Caribbean (3.16%, 95% CI 1.53% to 6.43%). Rates of maternal mortality varied by country income groups, with the highest rates in low-income countries (4.66%, 95% CI 0.75% to 24.07%). Among women with reported cause of death, 98.6% (2,390/2,423) of deaths were attributable to COVID-19.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: Rates of deaths in pregnant and recently pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection vary significantly across regions and by country income groups, with the highest burden in Sub-Saharan Africa and low-income countries. COVID-19 is the main reported cause of death.<br><br>PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020224120.}, }
@article {pmid40254504, year = {2025}, author = {Aboelzahab, YH and McCracken, A and Abdoulrezzak, R and Naguib, S and McLean, M and Tricco, AC and Pinto, AD and McCarthy, LM and Dolovich, L}, title = {Virtual care in community pharmacy services: a scoping review.}, journal = {Research in social &amp; administrative pharmacy : RSAP}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.066}, pmid = {40254504}, issn = {1934-8150}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The integration of virtual care has been essential for maintaining continuity of patient care during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Community pharmacists were among the healthcare professionals who used virtual care to provide remote pharmacy services. However, the use of virtual care in community pharmacy has not been comprehensively reviewed.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the types of virtual care platforms used in community pharmacy, their purposes, barriers, and facilitators, and to identify strategies for optimizing virtual care in this setting.<br><br>METHODS: The scoping review followed Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify studies across MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and grey literature sources. Two levels of screening were performed, and data were extracted using a pre-specified form. The data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis, and the PRISMA-ScR was used to report the results.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 3580 citations were assessed and 32 studies were included in the review. The qualitative data were summarized into five categories: (1) virtual care tools and technologies used in community pharmacy, (2) purpose of virtual care, (3) barriers to using virtual care, (4) facilitators of virtual care adoption, and (5) strategies to optimize virtual care use.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Virtual care in community pharmacy showed promise in enhancing pharmacy services. Despite operational barriers and inequities in access, facilitators such as adequate training and technological advancements supported its implementation. Future efforts should address these challenges and refine virtual care for broader and equitable integration.}, }
@article {pmid40254311, year = {2025}, author = {Andersen-Waine, B and Keene, CM and Dickinson, S and Naidoo, R and Ferguson-Lewis, A and Polner, A and Amswych, M and White, L and Molyneux, S and Wanat, M and , }, title = {Influence of context on engagement with COVID-19 testing: a scoping review of barriers and facilitators to testing for healthcare workers, care homes and schools in the UK.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {e089062}, pmid = {40254311}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; *Health Personnel ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Testing ; *Schools ; *Nursing Homes ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The UK government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic included a 'test, trace and isolate' strategy. Testing services for healthcare workers, care homes and schools accounted for the greatest spend and volume of tests. We reviewed relevant literature to identify common and unique barriers and facilitators to engaging with each of these testing services.<br><br>DESIGN: Scoping review.<br><br>SEARCH STRATEGY: PubMed, Scopus and the WHO COVID-19 Research Database were searched for evidence published between 1 January 2020 and 7 November 2022. This was supplemented by evidence identified via free-text searches on Google Scholar and provided by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA).<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were extracted by a team of reviewers and synthesised thematically under the broad headings of perceptions, experiences, barriers and facilitators to engaging with the COVID-19 testing programme.<br><br>RESULTS: This study included 40 sources, including 17 from projects that informed UKHSA's decisions during the pandemic. Eight themes emerged and were used to categorise barriers and facilitators to engaging with the testing services for healthcare workers, care homes and schools: (1) perceived value, (2) trust in the tests and public bodies, (3) importance of infrastructure, (4) impact of media and social networks, (5) physical burden of the test, (6) perceived capability to undertake testing, (7) importance of relevant information and 8) consequences of testing.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Universal barriers and facilitators to engagement with the testing programme related to the core elements of each testing service, such as uncomfortable specimen collection and the influence of media and peers; these could be mitigated or leveraged to increase engagement across settings. However, the individuals involved, perceptions of value and available resources differed across services, leading to unique experiences between settings. Thus, consideration of context is crucial when designing and implementing a testing programme in response to a pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40254131, year = {2025}, author = {Mayer, MG and Fischer, T}, title = {Shared Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Alzheimer Disease.}, journal = {The American journal of pathology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajpath.2025.03.011}, pmid = {40254131}, issn = {1525-2191}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has highlighted the virus's impact on the central nervous system and its potential to exacerbate neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer disease (AD). Emerging evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to chronic neuroinflammation, a key driver in the etiopathogenesis of AD. Shared mechanisms, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and activation of immune pathways, may link SARS-CoV-2 infection to AD onset and/or progression, particularly among vulnerable individuals, such as those of advanced age. This review explores convergent pathways involving the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, NF-κB activation, and interferon signaling, focusing on their roles in BBB integrity and neuroinflammation. SARS-CoV-2-mediated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 depletion disrupts renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system homeostasis, favoring proinflammatory signaling that parallels vascular dysfunction in AD. Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling exacerbates BBB permeability, whereas NF-κB and interferon pathways contribute to BBB breakdown and propagate central nervous system inflammation via endothelial and immune cell activation. These interactions may amplify prodromal AD pathology and/or initiate AD pathogenesis. By identifying mechanistic overlaps between COVID-19 and AD, this review underlines the need for therapeutic strategies targeting shared pathways of inflammation and BBB dysfunction. Understanding these connections is critical for mitigating the long-term neurologic sequelae of COVID-19 and reducing the burden of AD.}, }
@article {pmid40250816, year = {2025}, author = {Zheng, P and Li, G and Chen, Y and Li, S and Yang, S and Guo, D and Zhou, Q and Zhang, X}, title = {Mini review: SHEN26, a novel oral antiviral drug for COVID-19 treatment.}, journal = {Bioorganic &amp; medicinal chemistry letters}, volume = {124}, number = {}, pages = {130243}, doi = {10.1016/j.bmcl.2025.130243}, pmid = {40250816}, issn = {1464-3405}, abstract = {Over two years into the pandemic, global collaboration led to effective antiviral drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2's RdRp and 3CL protease. However, the virus continues to evolve, and certain low-virulence variants still circulate. Despite reduced virulence, ongoing transmission raises the risk of new mutations, underscoring the need for continued vigilance, research, and expansion of our antiviral and vaccine strategies. Our research team has developed SHEN26, a promising small-molecule antiviral drug for the treatment of COVID-19. This mini-review explores its development, including history, synthesis, preclinical evaluations, and findings from Phase I and II clinical trials. Data from each research phase further underscores SHEN26's potential as a safe and effective oral antiviral treatment for COVID-19, while also emphasizing its broader relevance in combating emerging RNA viral infections.}, }
@article {pmid40249720, year = {2025}, author = {van Ooij, PJ and van Hulst, RA}, title = {Respiratory fitness for occupational diving, what is new?.}, journal = {Undersea &amp; hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc}, volume = {52}, number = {1}, pages = {33-40}, pmid = {40249720}, issn = {1066-2936}, mesh = {Humans ; *Diving/adverse effects/physiology/standards ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; COVID-19 ; *Occupational Diseases/prevention &amp; control/diagnosis ; Asthma/complications ; Spirometry ; Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis ; }, abstract = {Diving diseases originating from lung-related pathology are not the most prominent but are considered the most severe. To minimize this risk, a good respiratory tract assessment is important. Organizations like the British Thoracic Society (2003) and the European Diving Technology Committee (EDTC) (2004) have provided guidelines regarding this assessment. However, most of the guidelines are 20 years old. The EDTC has revised its guidelines based on the present literature and published it last year. This review discusses a few topics that have changed or are newly introduced in the new EDTC guidelines. Importantly, additional tests might be necessary when assessing the respiratory tract based on history taking and spirometry, leading to a case-by-case decision regarding the fitness to dive. Particular attention should be paid to individuals with large lungs or cysts, those who have undergone thoracic surgery, and those with a history of asthma, immersion pulmonary edema, COVID-19 infection, or sleep apnea.}, }
@article {pmid40249463, year = {2025}, author = {Papapetrou, I and Swiecicka, A}, title = {The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, presentation, and management of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: a narrative review.}, journal = {Hormones (Athens, Greece)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40249463}, issn = {2520-8721}, abstract = {Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune condition affecting approximately 1.5 million children and adolescents worldwide, with an incidence of approximately 2-3% each year and rising. During the recent COVID-19 pandemic, a significant increase in incidence of T1D in children and adolescents was observed in numerous countries worldwide, with an increased number of newly-diagnosed cases presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis. The increased frequency of T1D presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis has been attributed not only to the SARS-CoV-2 virus itself but also to the restrictions imposed by the pandemic. The shift to telemedicine and unwillingness to seek medical care due to fear of infection contributed to delayed diagnosis and more severe disease presentation. Furthermore, the periods of lockdown that were implemented during the pandemic presented multiple challenges for children and adolescents living with T1D and disrupted the management of their condition. Changes in physical activity and diet as well as shortage of medical supplies during that period have been linked to worsening of glycemic control, which were at least partly offset by increased parental involvement and use of telemedicine.}, }
@article {pmid40248759, year = {2025}, author = {Gomes Costa, RR and Ramos, BL and Ribeiro Neto, F and Winckler, C}, title = {Tele-exercise in individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review.}, journal = {mHealth}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {19}, pmid = {40248759}, issn = {2306-9740}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has seen the emergence of tele-exercise as a mean of remotely providing physical activity. This is particularly crucial given that individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), often engage in lower levels of physical activity due to barriers such as transportation issues and financial limitations. Given the potential the tele-exercise for individuals with SCI, this study aims to characterize research on tele-exercise interventions in this population focusing on the approach (synchronous, asynchronous, or hybrid), platform, intervention details, duration, adherence, outcomes, and improvements.<br><br>METHODS: A review was conducted using the Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases, adhering to the PRISMA reporting checklist. Studies on "tele-exercise" and "teleexercise", without specifying SCI in the search terms were screened. Inclusion criteria were limited to English-language articles published up to April 2024. Articles in poster or editorial format and grey literature were excluded. The decision was made to exclude gray literature and focus solely on studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Two reviewers (B.L.R. and R.R.G.C.) independently screened the titles and abstracts of the initially retrieved articles, and then discussed them to ensure agreement.<br><br>RESULTS: The review identified twelve articles (seven studies with intervention, three studies as projects, one study as cross-sectional analysis and 1 study as theorical framework). Most studies (58.3%) employed synchronous tele-exercise interventions, with Zoom software being the most prevalent platform (41.7%). Interventions primarily focused on muscle strength (75.0%) and aerobic training (75.0%), with a median duration of 8.0 weeks. The mean (standard deviation) adherence was 67.3% (18.7), with variations observed between sex and approaches (synchronous, asynchronous, or hybrid). The most commonly assessed outcomes included physical activity levels (58.3%), adherence (33.3%), pain (25.0%), and physical activity behavior (25.0%). Significant improvements were noted in health status, physical capacity, and tele-exercise implementation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Tele-exercise interventions, predominantly utilizing synchronous methods and emphasizing muscle strength and aerobic training, are effective and feasible for individuals with SCI. These interventions contribute to improved health outcomes and increased exercise adherence, establishing them as a viable option for promoting physical activity among individuals with SCI. However, the results should be interpreted with caution as the quality of the studies was not considered in this review.}, }
@article {pmid40248758, year = {2025}, author = {Lew, SQ and Sikka, N and Erickson, KF}, title = {Telehealth in the US for patients with end-stage kidney disease: its utilization and impact on social, economic and health outcomes.}, journal = {mHealth}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {22}, pmid = {40248758}, issn = {2306-9740}, abstract = {The use of telehealth in the United States accelerated in 2020 when a coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) related public health emergency (PHE) was declared. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services issued emergency waivers that relaxed restrictions imposed by regulations on geographic locations, originating and distant sites, audio-video-conferencing technology and re-imbursement. This review focuses on the history of telehealth usage for patients with end-stage kidney disease. Patients who receive home dialysis gained widespread access to telehealth in 2019, following passage of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, Sec 50302 by the US Congress. For the first time in telehealth application, the patient's home could be an originating site without geographic restrictions for telemedicine. These earlier regulations will continue even after the PHE expires. While they made telemedicine possible for many patients receiving home dialysis, in practice, the uptake of telemedicine in the home setting may have been sluggish following the 2018 law. Rules governing the frequency of telemedicine visits and other stipulations for home dialysis that were specified in the 2018 law were relaxed in the setting of the COVID-19 waivers, further facilitating the use of telemedicine for home dialysis care. Meanwhile, the in-center dialysis unit became an originating site for the first time during the COVID-19 PHE, with a corresponding sharp increase in the use of telemedicine for in-center hemodialysis care. The waivers enabling the use of telemedicine for patients who receive in-center hemodialysis and further facilitating the use of telemedicine in home dialysis, expire with the end of the COVID-19 PHE unless Congress passes new legislation. Comparisons among the periods before, during and after the PHE can illustrate telehealth's impact and some of its challenges. Most of the literature on telehealth represents observational data. Future studies on telehealth, including clinical trials, could provide information on outcomes and cost savings.}, }
@article {pmid40248364, year = {2025}, author = {Yang, AX and Norbrun, C and Sorkhdini, P and Zhou, Y}, title = {Phospholipid scramblase 1: a frontline defense against viral infections.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1573373}, pmid = {40248364}, issn = {2235-2988}, mesh = {Humans ; *Phospholipid Transfer Proteins/metabolism/genetics/immunology ; *Virus Diseases/immunology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virus Replication ; Interferons/metabolism ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; Signal Transduction ; Viruses/immunology ; }, abstract = {Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is the most studied member of the phospholipid scramblase protein family. Its main function is to catalyze calcium (Ca[2+])-dependent, ATP-independent, bidirectional and non-specific translocation of phospholipids between inner and outer leaflets of plasma membrane. Additionally, PLSCR1 is identified as an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) with antiviral activities, and its expression can be highly induced by all types of interferons in various viral infections. Indeed, numerous studies have reported the direct antiviral activities of PLSCR1 through interrupting the replication processes of a variety of viruses, including entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), nuclear localization of influenza A virus (IAV), and transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV1), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). In addition to these direct antiviral activities, PLSCR1 also regulates endogenous immune components to defend against viruses in both nonimmune and immune cells. Such activities include potentiation of ISG transcription, activation of JAK/STAT pathway, upregulation of type 3 interferon receptor (IFN-λR1) and recruitment of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). This review aims to summarize the current understanding of PLSCR1's multiple roles as a frontline defense against viral infections.}, }
@article {pmid40248034, year = {2025}, author = {Lang, L and Ma, M and Zhao, H and Zhang, J and Liu, S and Liu, H}, title = {Global research trends in obesity-related asthma (2004-2023): a bibliometric analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in nutrition}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1528366}, pmid = {40248034}, issn = {2296-861X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In recent years, an increasing body of evidence has revealed a complex interplay between obesity and asthma, prompting academic and medical communities to intensify their focus on this area of research. The objective of this study is to undertake a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the research literature pertaining to obesity-related asthma from 2004 to 2023. This analysis aims to provide precise and valuable insights, as well as to systematically reflect upon the current status and emerging trends within the field.<br><br>METHODS: Literature data on obesity and asthma research was sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were utilized to visually analyze bibliometric indicators such as co-authorship, citation networks, and publication frequency of the data to facilitate the identification of patterns and trends.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 3,118 papers were included in the analysis, encompassing 2,539 articles and 579 reviews. Throughout the last 20&#x202f;years, the volume of publications has shown a consistent upward trend. The United States and Harvard University are at the forefront of this research field. Professor Dixon Anne E. is recognized as a pioneer and leading figure in the cultivation of obesity-related asthma research. Keyword analysis identified topics such as "childhood asthma," "bariatric surgery," "physical activity," "gut microbiota," "COVID-19," "food allergy," "asthma control," "nutrition examination," and "severe asthma."<br><br>CONCLUSION: The research domain of obesity-related asthma has experienced a substantial growth, with the United States, the United Kingdom, and China leading the global landscape. The focus on asthma in obese adolescents and children, the role of bariatric surgery, and lifestyle interventions remains a consistent area of interest, with considerable potential for further study. These findings provide a scientific basis for the development of personalized treatment programs for obese asthma patients. In addition, this study highlights the importance of further research in the fields of gut microbiota, COVID-19, and food allergy, providing directions for future policymaking.}, }
@article {pmid40246793, year = {2025}, author = {Salvatori, P and Amoushahi, A and Venuti, A and Paolini, F}, title = {Ethanol Inhalation for Respiratory Infections due to Enveloped Viruses.}, journal = {Infectious diseases and therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40246793}, issn = {2193-8229}, support = {21/18/R/53//Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile/ ; }, abstract = {Ethanol has demonstrated high efficacy in inactivating enveloped viruses in vitro and in vivo (in animal and human studies). The inhalation route has been a significant method of drug administration for respiratory disorders since ancient times. Infections with enveloped viruses cause many respiratory diseases. This concise review explores the general structural characteristics of enveloped viruses and examines the potential role of inhaled ethanol as a low-cost therapy for respiratory diseases. Current literature data suggest that ethanol inhalation could be beneficial in treating respiratory infections caused by enveloped viruses. However, there is a clear gap in well-designed clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of ethanol inhalation in treating respiratory infections from enveloped viruses. This low-cost therapy could become an important therapeutic option, especially for large numbers of patients simultaneously infected, as was the case during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition, inhaled ethanol could be a successful approach for vulnerable patients such as patients with cancer because it is likely to have no or minimal effects on already established life-saving treatments. Further investigation by national and international institutions is urgently needed to validate these findings and refine treatment protocols.}, }
@article {pmid40246352, year = {2025}, author = {Lundstrom, K}, title = {Immunobiology and immunotherapy of COVID-19.}, journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science}, volume = {213}, number = {}, pages = {73-133}, doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.12.002}, pmid = {40246352}, issn = {1878-0814}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/therapy ; *Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/therapy ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in late 2019 triggered a major increase in activities related to immunobiology and immunotherapy to cope with and find solutions to end the COVID-19 pandemic. The unprecedented approach to research and development of drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has substantially improved the understanding of immunobiology for COVID-19, which can also be applied to other infectious diseases. Major efforts were dedicated to the repurposing of existing antiviral drugs and the development of novel ones. For this reason, numerous approaches to evaluating interferons, immunoglobulins, and cytokine inhibitors have been conducted. Antibody-based therapies, especially employing monoclonal antibodies have also been on the agenda. Cell-based therapies involving dendritic cells, macrophages, and CAR T-cell approaches have been evaluated. Many existing antiviral drugs have been repurposed for COVID-19 and novel formulations have been tested. The extraordinarily rapid development of efficient vaccines led to the breakthrough of novel vaccine approaches such as mRNA-based vaccines saving millions of lives. Waning immunity of existing vaccines and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have required additional booster vaccinations and re-engineering of new versions of COVID-19 vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid40246351, year = {2025}, author = {Rubio-Casillas, A and Redwan, EM and Uversky, VN}, title = {More antibodies are not always better: Fc effector functions play a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and protection.}, journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science}, volume = {213}, number = {}, pages = {413-447}, doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.02.001}, pmid = {40246351}, issn = {1878-0814}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention &amp; control/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; *Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Animals ; }, abstract = {Traditional vaccinology has primarily focused on neutralizing antibody titers as the main correlate of vaccine efficacy, often overlooking the multifaceted roles of antibody Fc effector functions in orchestrating protective immune responses. Fc-mediated immune responses play a pivotal role in immune modulation and pathogen clearance. Emerging evidence from natural infections and vaccine studies highlights the critical contribution of Fc effector functions in determining the quality and durability of immunity. This work explores the limitations of current vaccine evaluation paradigms that prioritize neutralization over Fc effector mechanisms. It also describes findings from a study showing an unexpected role for SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies: both convalescent plasma and patient-derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) lead to maximum phagocytic capacity by monocytes at low concentrations, whereas at higher concentrations the phagocytic capacity was reduced. Given that the severity of COVID-19 disease and antibody titers are strongly positively correlated, this work challenges the paradigm that high antibodies offer better protection against severe disease. It is proposed that humoral and cellular responses elicited by vaccination should never be higher than those produced by natural infection. By integrating antibody Fc effector functions into vaccine development, a paradigm shift is proposed that emphasizes synergic antibody responses. Such an approach could transform vaccine efficacy assessment, enhance protection against dangerous pathogens, and drive innovation in vaccine design.}, }
@article {pmid40246350, year = {2025}, author = {Rubio-Casillas, A and Rodríguez-Quintero, CM and Hromić-Jahjefendić, A and Uversky, VN and Redwan, EM and Brogna, C}, title = {The essential role of prebiotics in restoring gut health in long COVID.}, journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science}, volume = {213}, number = {}, pages = {385-411}, doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.01.004}, pmid = {40246350}, issn = {1878-0814}, mesh = {Humans ; *Prebiotics/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/microbiology/immunology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Probiotics ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {The gut microbiota (GM) plays an essential role in human health, influencing not only digestive processes but also the immune system´s functionality. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the complex interaction between viral infections and the GM. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 can disrupt microbial homeostasis, leading to dysbiosis and compromised immune responses. The severity of COVID-19 has been associated with a reduction in the abundance of several beneficial bacteria in the gut. It has been proposed that consuming probiotics may help to re-colonize the GM. Although probiotics are important, prebiotics are essential for their metabolism, growth, and re-colonization capabilities. This chapter delves into the critical role of prebiotics in restoring GM after COVID-19 disease. The mechanisms by which prebiotics enhance the metabolism of beneficial bacteria will be described, and how prebiotics mediate the re-colonization of the gut with beneficial bacteria, thereby restoring microbial diversity and promoting the resilience of the gut-associated immune system. The benefits of consuming prebiotics from natural sources are superior to those from chemically purified commercial products.}, }
@article {pmid40246349, year = {2025}, author = {Šutković, J}, title = {Neutrophils and COVID-19.}, journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science}, volume = {213}, number = {}, pages = {347-384}, doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.02.003}, pmid = {40246349}, issn = {1878-0814}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/pathology ; *Neutrophils/immunology ; Extracellular Traps/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Cytokines/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Animals ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; }, abstract = {Neutrophils are the first line of defense against pathogens, most effectively by forming Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). Neutrophiles are further classified into several subpopulations during their development, eliminating pathogens through various mechanisms. However, due to the chaotic and uncontrolled immune response, NETs are often severely resulting in tissue damage and lung infections. The uncontrolled and poorly acknowledged host response regarding the cytokine storm is one of the major causes of severe COVID-19 conditions. Specifically, the increased formation of low-density neutrophils (LDNs), together with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is closely linked with the severity and poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. In this review, we discuss in detail the ontogeny of neutrophils at different stages and their recruitment and activation after infections, focusing on SARS-CoV-2. In addition, this chapter summarized the research progress on potential targeted drugs (NETs and Cytokine inhibitors) for neutrophil medical therapy and hoped to provide reference for the development of related therapeutic drugs for critically ill COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid40246348, year = {2025}, author = {Hromić-Jahjefendić, A and Sezer, A and Mahmuljin, I}, title = {The impact of COVID-19 on autoimmune diseases.}, journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science}, volume = {213}, number = {}, pages = {315-345}, doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.01.007}, pmid = {40246348}, issn = {1878-0814}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications ; *Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/etiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects ; Autoimmunity ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Extracellular Traps/immunology ; }, abstract = {Various autoantibodies, such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-Ro/SSA, rheumatoid factor, lupus anticoagulant, and antibodies against interferon type I (IFN-I), have been frequently detected in COVID-19 patients, indicating a significant prevalence of autoimmune reactions following viral exposure. Additionally, the identification of human proteins with structural similarities to SARS-CoV-2 peptides as potential autoantigens underscores the complex interplay between the virus and the immune system in triggering autoimmunity. The chapter discusses probable pathways contributing to COVID-19-related autoimmunity, including bystander activation due to hyperinflammatory states, viral persistence, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. These mechanisms illuminate a spectrum of autoimmune-related symptoms that can manifest, ranging from organ-specific to systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Importantly, there is emerging evidence of de novo autoimmunity arising after COVID-19 infection or vaccination, where new autoimmune conditions develop in previously healthy individuals. While various COVID-19 vaccines have received emergency use authorization, concerns regarding potential autoimmune side effects persist. Ongoing research is crucial to clarify these relationships and enhance our understanding of the risks associated with COVID-19 infections and vaccinations.}, }
@article {pmid40246347, year = {2025}, author = {Hromić-Jahjefendić, A and Aljabali, AAA}, title = {Analysis of the immune response in COVID-19.}, journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science}, volume = {213}, number = {}, pages = {31-71}, doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.10.004}, pmid = {40246347}, issn = {1878-0814}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Pandemics ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, instigated by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a significant global health challenge, demanding a profound grasp of the immune response. The innate immune system, a multifaceted network encompassing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and effector cells, assumes a pivotal function in detecting and countering this viral assailant. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), situated on immune cell surfaces and within endosomes, play a central role in recognizing SARS-CoV-2. TLR-2 and TLR-4 discern specific viral constituents, such as the spike (S) protein, setting off inflammatory signaling cascades and catalyzing the generation of type I interferons. Intracellular PRRs, including the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), RIG-I and MDA5, detect viral RNA within the cytoplasm of infected cells, provoking antiviral responses by initiating the synthesis of type I interferons. The equilibrium between interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines dictates the outcomes of the disease. Interferons play an indispensable role in governing viral replication, while unregulated cytokine production can result in tissue harm and inflammation. This intricate dynamic underpins therapeutic strategies aimed at regulating immune responses in individuals grappling with COVID-19. Natural killer (NK) cells, with their capacity to recognize infected cells through the "missing self" phenomenon and activating receptors, make significant contributions to the defense against SARS-CoV-2. NK cells play a pivotal role in eliminating infected cells and boosting immune responses through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). In conclusion, comprehending the interplay among PRRs, interferons, and NK cells within innate immunity is paramount for discerning and combatting SARS-CoV-2. This comprehension illuminates therapeutic interventions and vaccine development, casting light on our endeavors to confront this worldwide health crisis.}, }
@article {pmid40246346, year = {2025}, author = {Adilović, M}, title = {COVID-19 related complications.}, journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science}, volume = {213}, number = {}, pages = {259-314}, doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.02.002}, pmid = {40246346}, issn = {1878-0814}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Pregnancy ; Pandemics ; Female ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global healthcare systems, revealed vulnerabilities and prompted a re-evaluation of medical practices. Acute complications from the virus, including cardiovascular and neurological issues, have underscored the necessity for timely medical interventions. Advances in diagnostic methods and personalized therapies have been pivotal in mitigating severe outcomes. Additionally, Long COVID has emerged as a complex challenge, affecting various body systems and leading to respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, psychological, and musculoskeletal problems. This broad spectrum of complications highlights the importance of multidisciplinary management approaches that prioritize therapy, rehabilitation, and patient-centered care. Vulnerable populations such as paediatric patients, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals face unique risks and complications, necessitating continuous monitoring and tailored management strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40246345, year = {2025}, author = {Ashmawy, R and Hamouda, EA and Zeina, S and Sharaf, S and Erfan, S and Redwan, EM}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 on preexisting comorbidities.}, journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science}, volume = {213}, number = {}, pages = {215-258}, doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.10.002}, pmid = {40246345}, issn = {1878-0814}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; Comorbidity ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, leading to a tragic global pandemic, where it was ranked in 2020 as the third leading cause of death in the USA, causing approximately 375,000 deaths, following heart disease and cancer. The CDC reports that the risk of death increases with age and preexisting comorbidities such as such as hypertension, diabetes, respiratory system disease, and cardiovascular disease. this report will delineate and analyze the paramount comorbidities and their repercussions on individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid40246344, year = {2025}, author = {Aljabali, AAA and El-Tanani, M and Barh, D and Tambuwala, MM}, title = {COVID-19: Perspectives on innate immune evasion.}, journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science}, volume = {213}, number = {}, pages = {171-214}, doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.002}, pmid = {40246344}, issn = {1878-0814}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/immunology ; *Immunity, Innate ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Immune Evasion/immunology ; Pandemics ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism ; *Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/virology ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/virology ; *Betacoronavirus/immunology ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/immunology/metabolism ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; }, abstract = {The ongoing global health challenges posed by the SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitate a deep understanding of its intricate strategies to evade the innate immune system. This chapter aims to provide insights into the sophisticated mechanisms employed by SARS-CoV-2 in its interaction with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), with particular emphasis on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). By skillfully circumventing these pivotal components, the virus manages to elude detection and impairs the initiation of crucial antiviral immune responses. A notable aspect of SARS-CoV-2's immune evasion tactics lies in its strategic manipulation of cytokine production. This orchestrated modulation disrupts the delicate balance of inflammation, potentially leading to severe complications, including the notorious cytokine storm. In this regard, key viral proteins, such as the spike protein and nucleocapsid protein, emerge as pivotal players in the immune evasion process, further highlighting their significance in the context of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Acquiring a comprehensive understanding of these intricate immune evasion mechanisms holds immense promise for the development of effective treatments against COVID-19. Moreover, it is imperative for vaccine development to consider these evasion strategies to maximize vaccine efficacy. Future therapeutic interventions may involve targeting alternative pathways or augmenting the antiviral immune responses, thereby mitigating the impact of immune evasion, and fostering successful outcomes. By unraveling the underlying mechanisms of innate immune evasion, we advance our comprehension of COVID-19 pathogenesis and pave the way for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. This comprehensive understanding catalyzes progress, enabling researchers and clinicians to devise novel approaches that combat the challenges posed by SARS-CoV-2 and ultimately improve patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40246343, year = {2025}, author = {Aljabali, AAA and Obeid, M and Gammoh, O and El-Tanani, M and Tambuwala, MM}, title = {Guardians at the gate: Unraveling Type I interferon's role and challenges posed by anti-interferon antibodies in COVID-19.}, journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science}, volume = {213}, number = {}, pages = {135-169}, doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.01.005}, pmid = {40246343}, issn = {1878-0814}, mesh = {Humans ; *Interferon Type I/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/diagnosis ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; }, abstract = {The intricate interplay involving Type I interferon (IFN), anti-interferon antibodies, and COVID-19 elucidates a complex symphony within the immune system. This chapter thoroughly explores the dynamic landscape of Type I IFN, delineating its pivotal role as the guardian of the immune response. As SARS-CoV-2 engages the host, the delicate balance of IFN induction and signaling pathways is disrupted, resulting in a nuanced impact on the severity and pathogenesis of COVID-19. Clinical studies illuminate a critical link between impaired IFN response and severe outcomes, uncovering genetic factors contributing to susceptibility. Furthermore, the emergence of anti-interferon antibodies proves to be a disruptive force, compromising the immune arsenal and correlating with disease severity. Our chapter encompasses diagnostic and prognostic implications, highlighting the importance of assays in identifying levels of IFN and anti-interferon antibodies. This chapter examines the possible incorporation of interferon-related biomarkers in COVID-19 diagnostics, offering predictive insights into disease progression. On the therapeutic front, efforts to manipulate the IFN pathway undergo scrutiny, encountering complexities in light of anti-interferon antibodies. This chapter concludes by outlining prospective avenues for precision medicine, emphasizing the imperative need for a comprehensive comprehension of the IFN landscape and its intricate interaction with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40246342, year = {2025}, author = {Eltayeb, A and Redwan, EM}, title = {T-cell immunobiology and cytokine storm of COVID-19.}, journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science}, volume = {213}, number = {}, pages = {1-30}, doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.10.003}, pmid = {40246342}, issn = {1878-0814}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; Pandemics ; Cytokines/immunology/metabolism ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/therapy ; *Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/therapy ; *Betacoronavirus/immunology ; }, abstract = {The 2019 coronavirus illness (COVID 2019) first manifests as a newly identified pneumonia and may quickly escalate to acute respiratory distress syndrome, which has caused a global pandemic. Except for individualized supportive care, no curative therapy has been steadfastly advised for COVID-19 up until this point. T cells and virus-specific T lymphocytes are required to guard against viral infection, particularly COVID-19. Delayed immunological reconstitution (IR) and cytokine storm (CS) continue to be significant barriers to COVID-19 cure. While severe COVID-19 patients who survived the disease had considerable lymphopenia and increased neutrophils, especially in the elderly, their T cell numbers gradually recovered. Exhausted T lymphocytes and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL6, IL10, IL2, and IL17, are observed in peripheral blood and the lungs. It implies that while convalescent plasma, IL-6 blocking, mesenchymal stem cells, and corticosteroids might decrease CS, Thymosin α1 and adaptive COVID-19-specific T cells could enhance IR. There is an urgent need for more clinical research in this area throughout the world to open the door to COVID-19 treatment in the future.}, }
@article {pmid40245664, year = {2025}, author = {Kalagy, T and Braun-Lewensohn, O and Abu-Kaf, S}, title = {Psychological distress among Israelis during crisis: A comparison between COVID-19 and the Iron Swords War.}, journal = {Psychiatry research}, volume = {348}, number = {}, pages = {116491}, doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116491}, pmid = {40245664}, issn = {1872-7123}, mesh = {Humans ; Israel/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/psychology ; Male ; Female ; *Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; *Psychological Distress ; Middle Aged ; *Sense of Coherence ; Resilience, Psychological ; *Jews/psychology ; Hope ; *Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; }, abstract = {This study aimed to compare stress reactions and coping resources among the Jewish population in Israel during two different crises: the COVID-19 pandemic and the current Iron Swords War. The study included 421 respondents during the COVID-19 period and 604 respondents during the Iron Swords War. Participants completed self-report questionnaires designed to evaluate sense of coherence, hope, and Community resilience as indicators of coping resources and the Brief Symptom Inventory as a measure of psychological distress. Overall, the mental state of the entire population was more severe during the Iron Swords War than it was during the COVID-19 period (p0.001> (. Sense of coherence and hope were both strongly negatively correlated with psychological distress (p<.001). Moreover, hope, sense of coherence, gender, and age were significant predictors of psychological distress (p< .01). These findings indicate the importance of personal coping resources, such as sense of coherence, during times of crisis. This is particularly important for vulnerable groups. Policymakers should prioritize mental-health services and targeted interventions in emergency response plans.}, }
@article {pmid40245580, year = {2025}, author = {Nakajima, M and Yamazaki, H and Yoshinari, K and Kobayashi, K and Ishii, Y and Nakai, D and Kamimura, H and Kume, T and Saito, Y and Maeda, K and Kusuhara, H and Tamai, I}, title = {Contribution of Japanese scientists to drug metabolism and disposition.}, journal = {Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals}, volume = {53}, number = {5}, pages = {100071}, doi = {10.1016/j.dmd.2025.100071}, pmid = {40245580}, issn = {1521-009X}, abstract = {Japanese researchers have played a pivotal role in advancing the field of drug metabolism and disposition, as demonstrated by their substantial contributions to the journal Drug Metabolism and Disposition (DMD) over the past 5 decades. This review highlights the historical and ongoing impact of Japanese scientists on DMD, celebrating their achievements in elucidating drug metabolism, membrane transport, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology. From the discovery of cytochrome P450 by Tsuneo Omura and Ryo Sato in 1962 to subsequent advances in drug transport research, Japan has maintained a leading position in the field. A geographical analysis of DMD publications reveals a notable increase in contributions from Japan during the 1980s, ranking second globally and maintaining this position through the 2000s. However, recent years have seen a slight decline in output, likely influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and increased online journals as well as structural changes within academia and industry. Importantly, this trend is not unique to Japan. To sustain excellence and innovation in this field, it is crucial to strengthen funding for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity research and promote collaborations between academia, industry, and regulatory agencies. By prioritizing the translation of fundamental discoveries into drug development and clinical applications, scientists in this area can further advance global efforts toward achieving optimal drug efficacy and safety. This review underscores the enduring contributions of Japanese researchers to DMD and calls for renewed efforts to drive innovation and progress in this vital area of science. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Over the past 5 decades, Japanese scientists have made significant contributions to Drug Metabolism and Disposition through groundbreaking discoveries and advancements in the study of drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, pharmacokinetics analysis, and related areas. These contributions continue to shape the field, offering a foundation for future innovation in this area. We hope that the next generation of Japanese scientists will further solidify their global leadership in this area to advance drug development and proper pharmacotherapy.}, }
@article {pmid40244866, year = {2025}, author = {Ladetto, MF and Gantner, ME and Rodenak-Kladniew, BE and Rodriguez, S and Cuestas, ML and Talevi, A and Castro, GR}, title = {Promising Prodiginins Biological Activities.}, journal = {Chemistry &amp; biodiversity}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e202402940}, doi = {10.1002/cbdv.202402940}, pmid = {40244866}, issn = {1612-1880}, abstract = {Prodiginins are a large family of at least 34 pyrrolic compounds, including the well-studied red pigment prodigiosin. Prodiginins are produced by several microorganisms displaying broad biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antiproliferative, and immunosuppressive activities. The present review aims to compile and analyze the main physicochemical and biological properties and mechanisms of action of prodiginins for microbial disease treatment, particularly SARS-CoV-2 disease and opportunistic infections related to COVID-19. The interaction of prodigiosin, as a model molecule, with cellular membranes, potential drug delivery devices, and toxicological studies, and in silico studies using molecular dynamics showed that the prodigiosin motif, which interacts with lipids, opens a new door for the potential therapeutic use of prodiginins.}, }
@article {pmid40244526, year = {2025}, author = {Taha, MS and Akram, A and Abdelbary, GA}, title = {Unlocking the potential of remdesivir: innovative approaches to drug delivery.}, journal = {Drug delivery and translational research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40244526}, issn = {2190-3948}, abstract = {Given the recurrent waves of COVID-19 and the emergence of new viral infections, optimizing the potential of remdesivir as an antiviral agent is critical. While several reviews have explored the efficacy of remdesivir, few have comprehensively addressed its challenges, such as the necessity for intravenous infusion, suboptimal lung accumulation, and safety concerns related to its formulation. This review critically examines these challenges while proposing innovative solutions and effective combinations with other antiviral agents and repurposed drugs. By highlighting the role of complex generics, we aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy in ways not previously discussed in existing literature. Furthermore, we address the development of novel drug delivery systems which specifically aim to improve remdesivir's pharmacological profile. By analyzing recent findings, we assess both the successes and limitations of current approaches, providing insights into ongoing challenges and strategies for further optimization. This review uniquely focuses on targeted drug delivery systems and innovative formulations, thereby maximizing remdesivir's therapeutic benefits and broadening its application in combating emerging viral threats. In doing so, we fill a critical gap in literature, offering a comprehensive overview that informs future research and clinical strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40244315, year = {2025}, author = {Aderinto, N and Olatunji, G and Kokori, E and Ogieuhi, IJ and Yusuf, IA and Egbunu, E and Ukoaka, BM and Babalola, AE and Adefusi, TO and Aboje, JE and Moradeyo, A}, title = {COVID-19 and cognitive impairment: a review of the emerging evidence.}, journal = {Discover mental health}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {56}, pmid = {40244315}, issn = {2731-4383}, abstract = {The recent surge of COVID-19 cases has raised concerns about its potential long-term effects on cognitive function. This review explores the growing body of research investigating the link between COVID-19 infection and cognitive impairment. Studies employing observational, longitudinal, and case-control designs reveal a concerning prevalence of cognitive impairment in survivors, affecting domains like attention, memory, executive function, and processing speed. The persistence of these deficits for months after the initial infection highlights the potential for long-term consequences. While the precise mechanisms remain under investigation, potential contributing factors include neuroinflammation, hypoxia, and psychological effects. Limitations within the current research landscape necessitate further investigation into the long-term trajectory of cognitive decline, the potential for intervention and recovery, and the role of vaccination in mitigating these effects. Understanding the multifaceted nature of this issue is crucial for developing effective strategies to ensure optimal cognitive health outcomes for COVID-19 survivors.}, }
@article {pmid40244031, year = {2025}, author = {Alves, MI and Dias Junior, SA and Martins, T and Felipe, AOB and Freitas, PS and Moreira, DDS}, title = {The Relationship Between Excessive Screen Time, Self-Harm, and Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Literature Review.}, journal = {Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing : official publication of the Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nurses, Inc}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {e70015}, pmid = {40244031}, issn = {1744-6171}, support = {//This study was financed in part by the Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001./ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology/psychology ; Adolescent ; *Screen Time ; *Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; *Suicidal Ideation ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Adolescents are being increasingly exposed to digital media, especially in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This reality raises concerns over the effects of this exposure, in addition to an increase in suicidal behavior and self-harm.<br><br>AIM/QUESTION: This study aims to analyze the relationship between excessive screen time, self-harm, and suicidal behavior in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: This is an integrative literature review. The research question was structured using the PICOT strategy (P-adolescents; I-intensive screen and internet time; O-suicidal behavior and self-harm; and T-pandemic timeframe). The databases included were: Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Initially, 1645 studies were found; after reviewing their titles and abstracts, 18 studies met the eligibility criteria.<br><br>FINDINGS: The results revealed concerning associations between prolonged exposure and behaviors such as self-harm and suicidal behavior.<br><br>IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: These findings can assist nurses in identifying young individuals at risk due to inappropriate technology use, enabling the development of tailored interventions, the implementation of educational programs for healthy digital habits, and the promotion of mental well-being.<br><br>RECOMMENDATION: In light of the above, measures to mitigate this problem and the risks stemming from prolonged exposure are needed, considering that the adverse effects go beyond the pandemic context.}, }
@article {pmid40243795, year = {2025}, author = {Neil, JA}, title = {PREGNANCY DISORDERS AND MATERNAL CONSEQUENCES: Emerging viral infections during pregnancy: understanding the risks to maternal and fetal health.}, journal = {Reproduction (Cambridge, England)}, volume = {169}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1530/REP-25-0043}, pmid = {40243795}, issn = {1741-7899}, mesh = {Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology/epidemiology ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology/epidemiology/complications ; *Virus Diseases/complications/epidemiology/virology ; COVID-19 ; Zika Virus Infection/complications ; *Maternal Health ; Pregnancy Outcome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {IN BRIEF: Emerging viral infections pose a significant risk to pregnant women and their offspring. This review summarizes what is known about maternal and fetal outcomes following infection with emerging viruses and discusses how we can prepare for the next outbreak.<br><br>ABSTRACT: Viral infections during pregnancy pose significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. While several viruses are well known to cause adverse pregnancy outcomes, often little is known about emerging viruses. This review summarizes the known maternal and fetal consequences of infection during pregnancy with novel and re-emerging viruses. Focus is placed on viruses such as Zika and SARS-CoV-2, among others, discussing the mechanisms by which these viruses may disrupt fetal development at the maternal-fetal interface. The review also addresses the challenges that need to be overcome, such as the need for ongoing disease surveillance, prioritization of pregnant women for clinical trials and the importance of pre-clinical models of placenta infection, to adequately prepare for the next virus outbreak.}, }
@article {pmid40243788, year = {2025}, author = {Melo, EP and Mendes, EFDS and Rodrigues, RCR and Nogueira, DL and Tabosa, TA and Castro, MC and Machado, MMT}, title = {Maternal care for preterm infants in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative systematic review.}, journal = {Cadernos de saude publica}, volume = {41}, number = {3}, pages = {e00134924}, pmid = {40243788}, issn = {1678-4464}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Infant, Newborn ; *Infant, Premature ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Mothers/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Premature Birth ; Adaptation, Psychological ; }, abstract = {Preterm birth and hospitalization of the newborn are potentially traumatic events for mothers and children. The COVID-19 pandemic, along with its social impacts and additional concerns, has exacerbated maternal distress and anxiety, adversely impacting the development of premature babies. This study conducted a qualitative systematic review to understand maternal care for preterm infants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines, the databases CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and the portals Virtual Health Library and CAPES Periodicals were consulted. From the 1,449 identified publications, 14 articles were included in the review, resulting in 172 primary findings. The findings were grouped using the meta-aggregative approach, with confidence assessed via the ConQual approach, resulting in four meta-aggregated findings: (1) the impact of the pandemic on health services for preterm infants; (2) the impact of the pandemic and prematurity on maternal mental health; (3) challenges to the maternal care of preterm infants imposed by COVID-19; and (4) maternal coping strategies during the pandemic. The review revealed that the pandemic and associated sanitary measures negatively impacted maternal proximity to hospitalized premature infants, reduced the support networks, worsened financial situations, and increased mothers' emotional burden. Public policies are recommended to provide support to mothers, offer resources to deal with adverse experiences, and promote parental skills in caring for preterm infants.}, }
@article {pmid40243757, year = {2025}, author = {Meng, S and Hara, T and Miura, Y and Arao, Y and Saito, Y and Inoue, K and Hirotsu, T and Vecchione, A and Satoh, T and Ishii, H}, title = {In Vivo Engineered CAR-T Cell Therapy: Lessons Built from COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {7}, pages = {}, pmid = {40243757}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {grant nos. 19K22658, 20H00541, 21K19526, 22H03146, 22K19559, 23K19505, 23K18313, 23KK0153, 24K22144, and 16H06279 (PAGS)//Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology/ ; grant nos. JP23ym0126809 and JP24ym0126809//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; 23-255001//Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund/ ; G-2024-3-00//IFO Research Communications/ ; 2024//Oceanic Wellness Foundation/ ; 2024//Suzuken Memorial Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; RNA, Messenger/immunology/genetics ; mRNA Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; Lipids/chemistry ; Liposomes ; }, abstract = {Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy but continues to face significant challenges that limit its broader application, such as antigen targeting, the tumor microenvironment, and cell persistence, especially in solid tumors. Meanwhile, the global implementation of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the transformative potential of mRNA and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technologies. These innovations, characterized by their swift development timelines, precise antigen design, and efficient delivery mechanisms, provide a promising framework to address some limitations of CAR-T therapy. Recent advancements, including mRNA-based CAR engineering and optimized LNP delivery, have demonstrated the capacity to enhance CAR-T efficacy, particularly in the context of solid tumors. This review explores how mRNA-LNP technology can drive the development of in vivo engineered CAR-T therapies to address current limitations and discusses future directions, including advancements in mRNA design, LNP optimization, and strategies for improving in vivo CAR-T functionality and safety. By bridging these technological insights, CAR-T therapy may evolve into a versatile and accessible treatment paradigm across diverse oncological landscapes.}, }
@article {pmid40243562, year = {2025}, author = {Jellinger, KA}, title = {Concomitant Pathologies and Their Impact on Parkinson Disease: A Narrative Overview of Current Evidence.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {7}, pages = {}, pmid = {40243562}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {2025-02//Society for the Promotion of Research in Experimental Neurology, Vienna, Austria/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Parkinson Disease/pathology/epidemiology/complications/metabolism ; COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/pathology ; Comorbidity ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism ; Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Many clinico-pathological studies point to the presence of multiple comorbidities/co-pathologies in the course of Parkinson disease (PD). Lewy body pathology, the morphological hallmark of PD, rarely exists in isolation, but is usually associated with other concomitant pathologies, in particular Alzheimer disease-related changes (ADNC), cerebrovascular pathologies (macro- and microinfarcts, cerebral small vessel disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy), TDP-43 pathology as well as multiple pathological combinations. These include cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, myasthenia gravis, Sjögren's syndrome, restless leg syndrome or other rare disorders, like Fabry disease. A combination of PD and multiple sclerosis (MS) may be due to the immune function of LRRK2 and its interrelation with α-synuclein. COVID-19 and HIV posed considerable impacts on patients with PD. Epidemiological evidence points to a decreased risk for the majority of neoplasms, except melanoma and other skin cancers, while some tumors (breast, brain) are increased. On the other hand, a lower frequency of malignancies preceding early PD markers may argue for their protective effect on PD risk. Possible pathogenetic factors for the association between PD and cancer are discussed. The tremendous heterogeneity of concomitant pathologies and comorbidities observed across the PD spectrum is most likely caused by the complex interplay between genetic, pathogenic and other risk factors, and further research should provide increasing insight into their relationship with idiopathic PD (and other parkinsonian disorders) in order to find better diagnostic tools and probable disease-modifying therapies.}, }
@article {pmid40243121, year = {2025}, author = {Wong, SK}, title = {Effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on bone health (Review).}, journal = {Molecular medicine reports}, volume = {31}, number = {6}, pages = {}, pmid = {40243121}, issn = {1791-3004}, mesh = {*Hydroxychloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Humans ; *Chloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; *Bone and Bones/drug effects/metabolism ; Animals ; Osteoclasts/drug effects/metabolism ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Autophagy/drug effects ; Osteoblasts/drug effects/metabolism ; Osteogenesis/drug effects ; }, abstract = {Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which were initially used to treat malaria, are now also used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, which have gained notoriety during the coronavirus‑19 pandemic. The emerging uses of CQ and HCQ in cancer therapy, metabolic syndrome and bone disorders highlight their broad clinical potential. Patients with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions have a higher risk of suboptimal bone health because of chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation and medication use. In the present review, the use of CQ and HCQ in bone research was explored, particularly in terms of their effectiveness and mechanism in modulating bone homeostasis. CQ and HCQ inhibit osteoblastic activity by suppressing autophagy, inducing oxidative stress and promoting osteoblast apoptosis. CQ suppresses osteoclastic activity by blocking the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‑β/receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‑β ligand interaction, autophagy and inflammation. HCQ inhibits osteoclastogenesis by increasing the expression levels of osteoprotegerin, inducing osteoclast apoptosis and reducing cytokines without affecting autophagy. With regard to the molecular machineries, CQ and HCQ inhibit bone formation and bone resorption. Variations in dose, frequency and duration of CQ and HCQ treatment result in heterogenous outcomes. Further research is necessary to clarify the net effects of CQ and HCQ on bone through studies specifically designed to explore their direct impact as the primary objective. The use of these medications is broadening particularly in patients with autoimmune diseases who are at risk of skeletal disorders. However, their safety profiles, adverse effects and contraindications must be carefully monitored when administered for long‑term use and in combination.}, }
@article {pmid40242974, year = {2025}, author = {Nouari, W and Aribi, M}, title = {Innate lymphoid cells, immune functional dynamics, epithelial parallels, and therapeutic frontiers in infections.}, journal = {International reviews of immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-28}, doi = {10.1080/08830185.2025.2490233}, pmid = {40242974}, issn = {1563-5244}, abstract = {Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as pivotal players in the field of immunology, expanding our understanding of innate immunity beyond conventional paradigms. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted world of ILCs, beginning with their serendipitous discovery and traversing their ontogeny and heterogeneity. We explore the distinct subsets of ILCs unraveling their intriguing plasticity, which adds a layer of complexity to their functional repertoire. As we journey through the functional activities of ILCs, we address their role in immune responses against various infections, categorizing their interactions with helminthic parasites, bacterial pathogens, fungal infections, and viral invaders. Notably, this review offers a detailed examination of ILCs in the context of specific infections, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Citrobacter rodentium, Clostridium difficile, Salmonella typhimurium, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Influenza virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This selection aimed for a comprehensive exploration of ILCs in various infectious contexts, opting for microorganisms based on extensive research findings rather than considerations of virulence or emergence. Furthermore, we raise intriguing questions about the potential immune functional resemblances between ILCs and epithelial cells, shedding light on their interconnectedness within the mucosal microenvironment. The review culminates in a critical assessment of the therapeutic prospects of targeting ILCs during infection, emphasizing their promise as novel immunotherapeutic targets. Nevertheless, due to their recent discovery and evolving understanding, effectively manipulating ILCs is challenging. Ensuring specificity and safety while evaluating long-term effects in clinical settings will be crucial.}, }
@article {pmid40242829, year = {2025}, author = {Jung, Y and Baldeo, S and Pahuta, M and Sharma, S and Guha, D}, title = {The legal and socioeconomic considerations of spine telemedicine in Canada.}, journal = {Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong)}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {166-177}, pmid = {40242829}, issn = {2414-469X}, abstract = {Telemedicine, or virtual care offers a platform for remote assessments, for either initial consultations or follow-up care. Telemedicine is a broad term and may refer to video conferences/assessments, telephone visits, messages through online platforms, and remote monitoring applications. The restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis had accelerated the use of telemedicine in Canadian healthcare. Several years after the pandemic, after this initial trial of widespread telemedicine, there remains significant uncertainty as to its efficacy and future directions. There are inherent challenges to telemedicine, including questions of clinical reliability and privacy, balanced against the possibility of efficiency and increased access to specialists. The Canadian healthcare system also poses significant challenges in the evaluation and systemic implementation of telemedicine, given the lack of a national legal framework and separate provincial or territorial regulation systems across the country. Telemedicine is of a particular interest to spinal surgeons, given the prevalence, morbidity, and economic costs associated with spinal pathologies. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, few spine surgeons offered telemedicine, due to the perceived challenges of remote assessment and diagnosis with spine pathologies. There has been little subsequent data to examine the role and suitability for remote acre in spine surgery. Herein, we review the current landscape of telemedicine in Canadian healthcare, with applications to spine surgery.}, }
@article {pmid40242541, year = {2025}, author = {Guo, Y and Liu, F and Song, JS and Wang, S}, title = {Supply chain resilience: A review from the inventory management perspective.}, journal = {Fundamental research}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {450-463}, pmid = {40242541}, issn = {2667-3258}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains, leading to economic damage and product shortages caused by demand surges and supply disruptions. Concurrently, geopolitical conflicts and the rising frequency of natural disasters due to climate change have amplified the urgency to develop strategies for building resilient supply chains. This article presents a comprehensive literature review on inventory management strategies for enhancing supply chain resilience, such as stockpiling, multi-sourcing, capacity reservation, and flexible supply contracts. We classify these strategies into two categories: one deals with supply-side disruption risks, and the other deals with demand-side disruption risks. For each category, we summarize the practical challenges, the state-of-art research, and potential avenues for future research.}, }
@article {pmid40242230, year = {2025}, author = {Tyagi, S and Upadhyay, S and Bharara, T and Sahai, S}, title = {Nipah virus: Preventing the next outbreak.}, journal = {World journal of clinical cases}, volume = {13}, number = {11}, pages = {99748}, pmid = {40242230}, issn = {2307-8960}, abstract = {Nipah is a deadly viral infection which has come to the news highlight recently, due to its fresh onslaught in Southern India. As the world continues to recover from coronavirus disease 2019, the World Health Organization has identified a list of high-priority pathogens with the potential to cause future pandemics. Among them is the Nipah virus (NiV), which poses a significant threat. Even a small outbreak could trigger widespread panic among the public. The emergence and re-emergence of NiV among other zoonotic infections is a stern reminder of the importance of One health concept.}, }
@article {pmid40241147, year = {2025}, author = {Morello, R and De Rose, C and Martino, L and Raffaelli, F and Zampino, G and Valentini, P and Buonsenso, D}, title = {Role of nutrient supplements in children with post-COVID condition: a retrospective preliminary observation and narrative review.}, journal = {Italian journal of pediatrics}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {119}, pmid = {40241147}, issn = {1824-7288}, mesh = {Humans ; *Dietary Supplements ; Retrospective Studies ; *COVID-19/complications ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Post-COVID Condition (PCC), emerging as a significant long-term consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, affects not only adults but also the pediatric population. Despite ongoing research, the precise pathophysiology of PCC remains elusive. However, several putative mechanisms have been identified, leading to the exploration of various therapeutic strategies. Notably, in the adult population, there has been substantial interest in the potential efficacy of nutritional supplements. Regrettably, information regarding the use of such supplements in the pediatric population is currently lacking.<br><br>METHODS: The present study was conducted to assess the impact of nutritional supplements on alleviating long COVID symptoms in children. To achieve this, we conducted a retrospective analysis of nutrient supplements administered by parents to children with Post-COVID Condition (PCC) between February 2020 and October 2022. Statistical analyses were employed to determine associations between categorical variables.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 1243 children were enrolled following documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 940 (76.2%) diagnosed as recovered and 294 (23.8%) diagnosed with Long COVID. Among Long COVID patients experiencing disabling symptoms, treatment with oral lactoferrin and/or a Multi-Element Product (MEP) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties was initiated. The correlation analysis between the use of supplements and persistence of long COVID at the next follow-up showed that the use of MEP alone (OR 5.7, 95% CI 3.8-8.5), or the combination of MEP and lactoferrin (OR 5.06, 95% CI 3.3-7.6) three months after the initial infection and for the following three months, were associated with a lower risk having long covid at six months following initial infection, when compared with the use of lactoferrin alone (OR 7.6 95% CI 5.1-11.4).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept study revealed that MEP and lactoferrin, when administered three months after initial infection in patients with a new diagnosis of long covid, may have a positive impact on improving Long COVID symptoms in children during follow-up evaluations. This positive trend toward reducing Post-COVID Condition (PCC) exhibited by MEP and lactoferrin suggested a potential benefit worthy of exploration in future randomized controlled trials.}, }
@article {pmid40240055, year = {2025}, author = {Ajumobi, O and Davis, M and George, CM and Rosman, L and Von Dobschuetz, S and Watson, C and Nuzzo, JB}, title = {Improving risk analysis of the environmental drivers of the spillover, emergence/re-emergence and spread of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, Marburg virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the East Africa Region.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40240055}, issn = {2059-7908}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/epidemiology/transmission ; Risk Assessment ; Animals ; Africa, Eastern/epidemiology ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo ; *Marburg Virus Disease/epidemiology/transmission ; *Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/transmission ; Climate Change ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Emerging and/or re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in the East Africa region are associated with climate change-induced environmental drivers. There is a need for a comprehensive understanding of these environmental drivers and to adopt an integrated risk analysis (IRA) framework for addressing a combination of the biological, environmental and socioeconomic factors that increase population vulnerabilities to EID risks to inform biological risk mitigation and cross-sectoral decision-making. The aim of this integrative review was to identify knowledge gaps and contribute to a holistic understanding about the environmental drivers of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Marburg virus (MARV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in the East Africa Region to improve IRA processes at the environment-animal-human exposure interface.<br><br>METHODS: An integrative review search was carried out to identify relevant studies and reports from 2000 to 2024. Searches were conducted in bibliographic databases and global institutional websites. Inclusion criteria were studies and reports (in English) addressing environmental drivers of CCHFV, MARV and MERS-CoV infections across countries in the East Africa region, existing risk frameworks/methodological tools and/or One Health policy recommendations for risk analysis of environmentally driven biological threats.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the total number of studies retrieved from database searches (n=18&#x2009;075) and website searches (n=44), 242 studies and reports combined were included in the review with the majority covering the environmental drivers (n=137), the risk frameworks/methodological tools (n=73) and the policy recommendations (n=32). We identified 10 categories of environmental drivers, four thematic groups of risk frameworks and three categories of policy recommendations. Overall, many of the included records on the risk frameworks/methodological tools expounded on the adoption of ecological niche modelling (ENM) for environmental monitoring of potential transmission pathways of EIDs and other biological threats.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This integrative review recommends the adoption of specialised risk mapping approaches such as ENM for environmental monitoring of EIDs under IRA processes. Findings from the review were used for the conceptualisation of an IRA framework for addressing environmentally driven EIDs.}, }
@article {pmid40239606, year = {2025}, author = {Perozziello, A and Sta, A and Aubriot, B and Barruel, D and Dauriac-Le Masson, V}, title = {Transitions in mental health care utilisation at GHU Paris between 2019 and 2024: A post-pandemic perspective.}, journal = {Psychiatry research}, volume = {348}, number = {}, pages = {116482}, doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116482}, pmid = {40239606}, issn = {1872-7123}, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Male ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Paris/epidemiology ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Mental Health Services/statistics &amp; numerical data/trends ; *Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data/trends ; *Mental Disorders/therapy/epidemiology ; Aged ; *Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics &amp; numerical data/trends ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse the long-term evolution of mental health services use following the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>DESIGN: This was a retrospective study, conducted from 2019 to 2024, using the Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences (GHU Paris) databases.<br><br>METHODS: We considered the number of patients consulting at GHU Paris clinics, number of patients presenting at the emergency department (ED), and number of hospital admissions per week, by sex and age group. We performed a piecewise linear regression, using a threshold approach to identify time patterns between 2019 and 2024: pre-pandemic period (T1), short-term (T2) and long-term post-pandemic period (T3). Temporal changes in mental healthcare service use were then analysed.<br><br>RESULTS: No significant overall changes were observed in the number of outpatients after the COVID-19 pandemic, except for a slight increase among patients aged 15-24 years. The number of hospital admissions remained lower in 2024 compared with 2019, with a decreasing trend in T3 for all subgroups. In contrast, the number of ED visits increased over time, with higher use of emergency services by women and young people in 2024 compared with 2019. The overall long-term trend (T3) continued to show an increasing pattern. Additionally, a reduction in schizophrenia presentations was observed, while there was an overall increase in patients with substance use or neurotic disorders.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results described transitions in mental health service use at GHU Paris between 2019 and 2024, highlighting reduced hospital admissions, increased psychiatric emergencies, and changes in the reasons for seeking care.}, }
@article {pmid40238569, year = {2025}, author = {Buceta-Albillos, N and Ayuga-Téllez, E}, title = {The Beneficial Interaction Between Human Well-Being and Natural Healthy Ecosystems: An Integrative Narrative Approach.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {22}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40238569}, issn = {1660-4601}, mesh = {Humans ; *Ecosystem ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Climate Change ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {This study highlights the lack of research on the relationship between ecosystem services, climate change, and human well-being. The experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic show the value of the natural environment for people's well-being. We propose a framework that fosters an integrative approach to enhance our connection with nature, which is vital for tackling current environmental challenges. We reviewed over 70 articles and 160 references from databases such as Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Dialnet, MDPI, and Taylor &amp; Francis, focusing on the correlation between pro-environmental behavior and emotional bonds with nature. Increasing our awareness of nature is crucial for fostering sustainable ecosystems. To deepen our understanding of how this connection influences human well-being and ecosystem health, we advocate for the application of specific neuroscience and artificial intelligence techniques. The study presents a compendium of prospective research topics for future investigation and analysis. In particular, it underscores the significance of this research for the development of effective policy and practical applications in the realm of conservation efforts.}, }
@article {pmid40238403, year = {2025}, author = {Bauer, KL and Johnson-Koenke, R and Fort, MP}, title = {What Is Social Connection in the Context of Human Need: An Interdisciplinary Literature Review.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {22}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40238403}, issn = {1660-4601}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Social Isolation ; Loneliness ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Public Health ; }, abstract = {The U.S. Surgeon General made an impactful declaration in the 2023 advisory on America's loneliness and social isolation epidemic that social connection, or human relationships, is a human need equivalent to water, food, and shelter. After witnessing the impact of social isolation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a global urgency to better understand social connection in public health responses. However, meaningfully effective interventions for social isolation or loneliness have yet to be identified, and the consensus that social connection is an equivalent human need is unclear. To understand what social connection, oxygen, water, food, and shelter have in common regarding population health, we conducted an interdisciplinary literature review between September 2021 and October 2024, seeking to find commonalities between research literature advocating social connection as a human need critical to survival and key concepts across population health disciplines that explain how oxygen, water, food, and shelter function as human needs. We integrated the concepts of evolution, resource, environment, ecosystem, exposure science, embodiment, homeostasis, allostatic load theory, and interdisciplinary from 44 core publications to develop a unified conceptual model and definition for social connection as a human need. We believe a holistic understanding of social connection within the shared context of oxygen, water, food, and shelter can better support health researchers across a variety of disciplines to find common ground in developing evidence-based interventions within public health.}, }
@article {pmid40237465, year = {2025}, author = {Denz, PJ and Yount, JS}, title = {IFITM3 variants point to a critical role in emergent virus infections.}, journal = {mBio}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e0334724}, doi = {10.1128/mbio.03347-24}, pmid = {40237465}, issn = {2150-7511}, abstract = {Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a cellular protein that restricts numerous viral infections by blocking virus-host membrane fusion. In humans, there are two IFITM3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs12252-C and rs34481144-A, that decrease IFITM3 activity and have been associated with severe illness following influenza virus infections. Mice lacking IFITM3 show increased influenza severity, supporting this association. However, some studies do not find a consistent link between IFITM3 SNPs and infection severity, causing uncertainty about its role in vivo. Review of the literature indicates that IFITM3 SNPs are primarily associated with increased viral disease in infections with emergent influenza viruses, such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus and zoonotic H7N9 virus. Similarly, IFITM3 SNPs are reported to be risk factors for increased severity in other emergent infections, including SARS-CoV-2, Hantaan virus, and HIV. In contrast, most studies that failed to find an association examined seasonal influenza. We posit that adaptive immune mechanisms, including pre-existing antibodies and memory T cells against seasonally circulating viruses, compensate for IFITM3 deficiencies, therefore masking its role in seasonal influenza. We propose that IFITM3 is most critical in defending against emergent viruses and should be a key focus of public health strategies to prevent the emergence and spread of novel pathogens, with individuals carrying IFITM3 SNPs potentially benefiting from broadened vaccine coverage, avoidance of animal reservoirs, or enhanced masking to protect themselves and the wider population.}, }
@article {pmid40237463, year = {2025}, author = {Hirsch, C and Zorger, AM and Baumann, M and Park, YS and Bröckelmann, PJ and Mellinghoff, S and Monsef, I and Skoetz, N and Kreuzberger, N}, title = {Vaccines for preventing infections in adults with solid tumours.}, journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews}, volume = {4}, number = {4}, pages = {CD015551}, pmid = {40237463}, issn = {1469-493X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/complications/immunology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Adult ; Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Bias ; Influenza, Human/prevention &amp; control ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Meningococcal Infections/prevention &amp; control ; Placebos/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Infections are one of the most frequent complications seen in adults with cancer, often arising from the underlying condition or as a result of immunosuppressive treatments. Certain infections (e.g. influenza, pneumococcal disease, and meningococcal disease) may be prevented through vaccination. However, adults with solid tumours may elicit varying immune responses compared to healthy individuals.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and risks of vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases in adults with solid tumours.<br><br>SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, two further databases, and two study registries from inception to 2 December 2024 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs).<br><br>SELECTION CRITERIA: We included RCTs evaluating vaccines against the following infectious diseases in adults (&#x2265; 18 years of age) with any diagnosis of solid tumour cancer compared to placebo or no vaccine: pneumococcal disease, Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, meningococcal disease, pertussis, hepatitis B, tetanus, polio, diphtheria, influenza, herpes zoster, and COVID-19. In cases where RCTs were unavailable, we included prospective controlled NRSIs. We excluded live-attenuated vaccines.<br><br>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We followed standard Cochrane methodology. Two review authors independently screened search results, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias (RoB) in the included studies using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool for RCTs and ROBINS-I for NRSIs. We rated the certainty in the evidence using the GRADE approach for the following prioritised outcomes: incidence of infection concerned, all-cause mortality, quality of life, adverse events (AEs) of any grade, serious adverse events (SAEs), localised events at the injection site, and systemic events.<br><br>MAIN RESULTS: We included 10 studies (five RCTs and five NRSIs) involving 81,823 adults with solid tumours receiving vaccines to prevent infections with herpes zoster, influenza, or COVID-19. Six studies included participants with varied solid tumours, while two focused on neck and oesophageal cancer or lung cancer. We assessed the RCTs to be at low or moderate risk of bias, whereas most NRSIs were at critical risk of bias due to concerns about confounding. We identified two ongoing studies: one RCT evaluating an influenza vaccine, and one NRSI evaluating COVID-19 vaccines. Twelve studies are awaiting assessment. We did not identify RCTs or NRSIs of vaccines for preventing pneumococcal disease, Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, meningococcal disease, pertussis, hepatitis B, tetanus, polio, or diphtheria compared to placebo or no vaccine. The results from the RCTs are presented below. The results from the NRSIs are detailed in the main text of the review. No study reported quality of life. Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster compared to placebo or no vaccine Three RCTs (3054 participants) evaluated vaccines to prevent herpes zoster. Herpes zoster vaccines decrease the incidence of herpes zoster up to 29.4 months after the final dose (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.59; 1 RCT, 2678 participants; high-certainty evidence). Herpes zoster vaccines probably make little or no difference to all-cause mortality up to 28 days after the final dose (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.50; 2 RCTs, 2744 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); make little or no difference to any-grade AEs up to 30 days after final dose (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.05; 3 RCTs, 2976 participants; high-certainty evidence), and probably make little or no difference in SAEs up to 30 days (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.24; I&#xb2; = 0%; 3 RCTs, 2976 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Vaccines to prevent herpes zoster increase the number of participants with localised events at the injection site compared to placebo or no vaccine (RR 6.81, 95% CI 2.52 to 18.40; 3 RCTs, 2966 participants; high-certainty evidence) and may make little or no difference to the number of participants with systemic events up to 30 days after final dose (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.50; 3 RCTs, 2966 participants; low-certainty evidence). Vaccines for preventing influenza compared to placebo or no vaccine One RCT (75 participants) evaluated vaccines to prevent influenza. We are uncertain about the effects of influenza vaccines administered prior to surgery on all-cause mortality (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.07 to 15.33; 1 RCT, 66 participants; very low-certainty evidence), any-grade AEs (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.54; 1 RCT, 75 participants; very low-certainty evidence), and SAEs (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.83; 1 RCT, 75 participants; very low-certainty evidence) up to 15 days post-surgery. The RCT did not report the incidence of influenza, localised events at the injection site, or systemic events. Vaccines for preventing COVID-19 compared to placebo or no vaccine One RCT (2256 participants) evaluated vaccines to prevent COVID-19. Participants may have been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 variants alpha, beta, and gamma. Vaccines to prevent COVID-19 probably decrease the incidence of COVID-19 in participants without previous COVID-19 infection up to six months after the second dose (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.25; 1 RCT, 2100 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The COVID-19 vaccines probably increase any-grade AEs (RR 1.99, 95% CI 1.71 to 2.30; 1 RCT, 2328 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). They may have little or no effect on SAEs up to 6 months after the second dose (RR 1.43, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.54; 1 RCT, 2328 participants; low-certainty evidence). The RCT did not report localised events at the injection site or systemic events.<br><br>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In adults with solid tumours, herpes zoster vaccines reduced the incidence of herpes zoster (high-certainty evidence), although localised events at the injection site were more likely to occur (high-certainty evidence). The evidence is very uncertain about the effects of influenza vaccines on all-cause mortality, any-grade AEs, and SAEs (very low-certainty evidence); the incidence of influenza was not measured in the studies. COVID-19 vaccines probably decrease the incidence of COVID-19 in those without prior infection (moderate-certainty evidence) but probably increase any-grade AEs (moderate-certainty evidence). We found no RCTs or NRSIs investigating vaccines for preventing pneumococcal disease, Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, meningococcal disease, pertussis, hepatitis B, tetanus, polio, diphtheria compared to placebo or no vaccine, in adults with solid tumours. Additional research, preferably of RCT design, is necessary to resolve uncertainties.}, }
@article {pmid40237012, year = {2025}, author = {Mateu-Arrom, L and Puig, L}, title = {Infection Risk and Vaccination in the Management of Psoriasis: Considerations for Biologic Therapy.}, journal = {Psoriasis (Auckland, N.Z.)}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {127-144}, pmid = {40237012}, issn = {2230-326X}, abstract = {This narrative review examines critical considerations for biologic treatment in psoriasis patients, with a focus on infection risks, providing current recommendations and practical considerations for prevention, including vaccination, screening, and management strategies. Since type I (Th1) inflammation and type III (Th17) inflammation protect against intracellular and extracellular infections, respectively, it is logical that biologic treatments blocking these pathways may be associated with an increased risk of infection. It has been proven that TNF inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of latent tuberculosis (LTBI) and hepatitis B virus reactivation. However, not all biologics exert the same immunosuppressive effect, as IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors may be associated with a lower risk of infection. In general, pre-treatment screening for reactivable infectious diseases is advised for all patients initiating biologic therapy. Vaccination schedules for patients with psoriasis under biologic treatment should mirror those of the general population, including annual influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. Live-attenuated vaccines are generally advised against in patients undergoing biologic treatment. However, some live-attenuated vaccines may be safely administered under specific circumstances with IL-17 or IL-23 inhibitors. Current guidelines and recommendations on this topic were initially designed for TNF inhibitors and later extrapolated to other classes of biologic agents. Thus, they should be revised to better align with the specific pathogenic mechanisms of drugs and clinical evidence, emphasizing individualized treatment approaches.}, }
@article {pmid40236285, year = {2025}, author = {Müller, L and Wang, JJ and Dabbiru, VAS and Thiele, T and Schönborn, L}, title = {Anti-Platelet factor 4 immunothrombosis-not just heparin and vaccine triggers.}, journal = {Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {102729}, pmid = {40236285}, issn = {2475-0379}, abstract = {Derailments at the tightly regulated interface of blood coagulation and innate inflammatory immune responses can lead to pathologic immunothrombosis. A special subset of immunothrombosis is caused by antibodies against platelet-factor 4 (PF4). Anti-PF4 antibodies triggered by heparin treatment in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) are known for more than 50 years. Interest in anti-PF4 disorders rekindled when first cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) occurred during the worldwide COVID-19 vaccination campaign. During this time new diagnostic procedures were established to identify affected patients and to differentiate between different kinds of anti-PF4 antibodies. This review article gives an overview about the current knowledge of HIT and VITT with concepts of the underlying pathogenesis. In addition to heparin and vaccination as known triggers for HIT and VITT, concepts for other clinical cases with anti-PF4 antibodies are described in more detail. Anti-PF4 antibodies in atypical HIT-like syndromes could be triggered by presentation of various polyanions, eg, in settings of orthopedic surgery or bacterial infections. Anti-PF4 antibodies in acute VITT-like disorders can occur after viral infections. Chronic VITT-like anti-PF4 antibodies causing recurrent thrombosis and thrombocytopenia are often linked to monoclonal gammopathies. For all disorders with anti-PF4 antibodies, timely identification in patients with thrombocytopenia with or without thrombosis is crucial for successful therapy.}, }
@article {pmid40235636, year = {2025}, author = {Hamelin, DJ and Scicluna, M and Saadie, I and Mostefai, F and Grenier, JC and Baron, C and Caron, E and Hussin, JG}, title = {Predicting pathogen evolution and immune evasion in the age of artificial intelligence.}, journal = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {1370-1382}, pmid = {40235636}, issn = {2001-0370}, abstract = {The genomic diversification of viral pathogens during viral epidemics and pandemics represents a major adaptive route for infectious agents to circumvent therapeutic and public health initiatives. Historically, strategies to address viral evolution have relied on responding to emerging variants after their detection, leading to delays in effective public health responses. Because of this, a long-standing yet challenging objective has been to forecast viral evolution by predicting potentially harmful viral mutations prior to their emergence. The promises of artificial intelligence (AI) coupled with the exponential growth of viral data collection infrastructures spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, have resulted in a research ecosystem highly conducive to this objective. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating the development of pandemic mitigation and preparedness strategies, many of the methods discussed here were designed in the context of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. However, most of these pipelines were intentionally designed to be adaptable across RNA viruses, with several strategies already applied to multiple viral species. In this review, we explore recent breakthroughs that have facilitated the forecasting of viral evolution in the context of an ongoing pandemic, with particular emphasis on deep learning architectures, including the promising potential of language models (LM). The approaches discussed here employ strategies that leverage genomic, epidemiologic, immunologic and biological information.}, }
@article {pmid40235384, year = {2025}, author = {Li, C and Chen, F and Lü, S}, title = {[Current status and challenges of zoonosis prevention and control: a One Health perspective].}, journal = {Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {98-103}, doi = {10.16250/j.32.1915.2024105}, pmid = {40235384}, issn = {1005-6661}, support = {NPRC-2019-194-30//National Parasite Resource Center/ ; H-2018072//Special Fund for the Training of High-Level Health and Medical Science and Technology Talents in Yunnan Province/ ; }, mesh = {*Zoonoses/prevention &amp; control ; *One Health ; Humans ; Animals ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Echinococcosis/prevention &amp; control ; Rabies/prevention &amp; control ; Schistosomiasis/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {Zoonosis prevention and control is a complex public health concern, which requires the collaboration of multiple regions, disciplines, and departments to enhance the effectiveness. The One Health concept aims to achieve the joint health security of humans, animals and environments through cross-disciplinary, cross-sector and cross-field collaborations. This review summarizes the development of One Health and the successful practices in the prevention and control of echinococcosis, rabies, COVID-19 and schistosomiasis, as well as explores the challenges faced in applying this concept to the prevention and control of zoonoses, so as to provide insights into formulation of the integrated zoonoses control strategy and implementation of zoonoses control interventions at the human-animal-environment interface.}, }
@article {pmid40235373, year = {2025}, author = {Wei, C and Lin, Z and Yang, Z and Zhou, H and Zhou, X and Yang, R}, title = {[Malaria elimination strategy and joint prevention and control of malaria across China-Myanmar border areas: an overview].}, journal = {Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {19-23}, doi = {10.16250/j.32.1915.2024281}, pmid = {40235373}, issn = {1005-6661}, mesh = {*Malaria/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Humans ; Myanmar/epidemiology ; China/epidemiology ; *Disease Eradication/methods ; }, abstract = {Yunnan Province borders with Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos, the China-Myanmar border area is the key area for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria after the disease was eliminated in China. Since the malaria elimination action plan was launched in Yunnan Province in 2011, 129 counties (cities, districts) were classified into three categories according to malaria incidence and transmission risk, and different technical strategies and measures were implemented with adaptations to local circumstances. A total of 68 malaria consultation service stations were established on the Chinese side of the China-Myanmar border and 80 malaria prevention and control stations were established on the Myanmar side by Yunnan Province in 2014. Then, the "Three Lines of Defense" strategy was implemented for malaria elimination in the China-Myanmar border area in Yunnan Province during the period from 2015 to 2018, and this strategy was further refined and adjusted to the "3 + 1" strategy for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria in 2019. Through decades of multifaceted efforts, the malaria elimination goal was achieved in Yunnan Province in June 2021. However, the number of imported malaria cases appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yunnan Province in 2023 and 2024, due to changes in the situation in Myanmar and the gradual resumption of international travel and border crossings following the adjustment of the COVID-19 prevention and control policy in China. The joint malaria prevention and control cooperation between China and Myanmar was initiated with the pilot project for joint malaria prevention and control in the China-Myanmar border area in 2005, and this project was progressed into the joint malaria and dengue fever prevention and control project in parts of the Greater Mekong Subregion border areas in 2010. The threat of overseas malaria epidemics to border areas in Yunnan Province was effectively reduced through implementation of coordination meetings with Myanmar health departments, establishment of efficient information exchange mechanisms, establishment of overseas surveillance sentinel sites, technical training, provision of material supports, joint propagation activities and joint responses to malaria epidemics. This project was incorporated into the Five-Year Plan of Action on Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (2018-2022) in China in 2018, with 5 liaison offices and 20 liaison workstations established in Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand, and 21 cross-border malaria surveillance sites assigned in border areas of Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam, and a long-term malaria prevention and control cooperation mechanisms was established through meetings, training, propagation, and joint investigations. Currently, Yunnan Province is poised to engage in more extensive and in-depth cooperation with neighboring countries, including malaria diagnosis and treatment techniques, drug and vaccine research and development, talent cultivation, information sharing, cross-border human health services, and health promotion, under the guidance of the Five-Year Plan of Action on Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (2023-2027).}, }
@article {pmid40234876, year = {2025}, author = {Ren, X and Liu, G and Zhou, J}, title = {Nuclear-activating miRNAs: unveiling the intricacies of subcellular miRNA function and regulation in cancer and immunity disease.}, journal = {Cancer cell international}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {147}, pmid = {40234876}, issn = {1475-2867}, support = {20-205-4-096//Shenyang Science and Technology Project of China/ ; }, abstract = {MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that traditionally recognized as negative regulators of gene expression through post-transcriptional regulation in the cytoplasm. However, recent discoveries have unveiled some novel miRNA functions in the cell nucleus, where a subset of miRNAs, termed nuclear-activating miRNAs (NamiRNAs), play pivotal roles in gene activation and transcriptional regulation for cancer and immunity disease. The discovery of NamiRNAs demonstrated a complementary regulatory function of miRNA, showing their differential activities in the nucleus and cytoplasm. This review aims to explore the biogenesis, mechanisms, and regulatory functions of NamiRNAs, deciphering their involvement in NamiRNA-gene network for gene expression modulation, and emerging significance as drug targets against cancer.}, }
@article {pmid40234831, year = {2025}, author = {Cheuyem, FZL and Amani, A and Achangwa, C and Ajong, BN and Minkandi, CA and Zeh, MMMK and Ntsek, LLE and Essomba, JP and Jiogue, RC and Ndagijimana, O and Nchanji, NE and Danwang, C}, title = {COVID- 19 vaccine uptake and its determinants in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021-2024).}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {525}, pmid = {40234831}, issn = {1471-2334}, mesh = {Humans ; Cameroon/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Adult ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 vaccination is crucial for mitigating the pandemic's impact. However, vaccine hesitancy and access challenges have hindered global vaccination efforts. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled COVID-19 vaccine uptake proportion and identify associated determinants in Cameroon.<br><br>METHODS: This review, conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, identified articles through searches of electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, as well as through gray literature. The search encompassed published and unpublished studies from 2021 to 2024 reporting on COVID-19 vaccine uptake and/or acceptance in Cameroon. Extracted data were compiled in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using R statistical software (version 4.4.2). A random-effects model was employed when heterogeneity exceeded 50%. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Egger's and Begg's tests. Meta-regression was used to explore the influence of study characteristics.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-two studies, encompassing 24,130 participants, were included. The pooled vaccine uptake proportion was 37.14% (95% CI: 29.24-45.05) with substantial heterogeneity (I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;98.2%, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed lower uptake among the general population (23.18%; 95% CI: 10.11-36.25) and in community settings (16.0%; 95% CI: 0.97-31.04) compared with healthcare workers (42.12%; 95% CI: 34.14-50.09). Younger age (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.53; 95% CI: 0.42-0.67) was inversely associated with vaccine uptake, while being in a partnership (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.59; 95% CI: 1.11-2.27) was positively associated. Higher levels of education (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.75; 95% CI: 1.56-1.97), urban residence (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.66; 95% CI: 1.21-2.29) were positively associated with vaccine acceptance.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis revealed a suboptimal pooled COVID-19 vaccine uptake required to ensure a herd immunity. The results of this meta-analysis underline the crucial need to step up efforts to improve vaccination coverage, particularly among the most vulnerable populations. Identifying and addressing the factors underlying this low coverage is imperative if public health objectives are to be met. Public health interventions should be tailored to address the specific concerns and needs of different age groups and marital statuses.}, }
@article {pmid40234308, year = {2025}, author = {Suhr, M and Keese, M}, title = {The Role of Virtual Physical Therapy in the Management of Musculoskeletal Patients: Current Practices and Future Implications.}, journal = {Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40234308}, issn = {1935-973X}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The rapid evolution of virtual technology and artificial intelligence (AI), combined with physical distancing limitations imparted by the COVID- 19 pandemic, has hastened the shift of healthcare toward digitally enabled practitioners. As physical therapy embraces virtual care, its impact is far-reaching across stakeholders, affecting patients, providers, and payors. This article seeks to explore the role of virtual physical therapy (VPT) in managing patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions and its impact on healthcare and patient outcomes.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: While research on VPT is growing, high-quality studies remain limited due to challenges in conducting blinded, randomized controlled trials, sponsor bias, and the diversity of digital solutions that complicate comparative studies. Nevertheless, general literature trends show that VPT, particularly when guided by a physical therapist, can yield improvements in pain and function comparable to in-person therapy. VPT demonstrates fair to excellent reliability and validity across key assessment areas, successfully identifying MSK diagnoses and delivering outcomes similar to conventional treatment for pain, function, and quality of life across multiple MSK disorders. Additionally, VPT addresses adherence issues by reducing travel, costs, and exposure risks, while technology enhancements foster patient engagement and communication with therapists. By increasing access and adherence to PT, VPT has the potential to optimize outcomes and curb long-term healthcare costs by preventing progression to more expensive interventions. Virtual care harnesses technology to advance musculoskeletal care by improving access, enhancing patient-provider communication and connection, and optimizing patient engagement and outcomes. VPT moves beyond replication of the in-person experience to an enhanced patient journey. This journey taps into technological advancements to deliver a more integrated experience that engages and supports the patient. VPT offers a sophisticated model of care from the therapist, emphasizing evidence-based practice and critical thinking.}, }
@article {pmid40234304, year = {2025}, author = {Boulton, AJM and Jenkins, AJ and Makkar, B and Mankovsky, B and Abera, MA and Tesfaye, S}, title = {Diabetes and natural and man-made disasters: prevention, preparation, response and recovery.}, journal = {Diabetologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40234304}, issn = {1432-0428}, abstract = {Both the global prevalence of diabetes and the frequency of natural and man-made disasters are increasing. Of all chronic diseases, the consequences of sudden loss of medical supplies are most serious for those with diabetes, with people living with type 1 diabetes being at risk of death within a few days without insulin. This review considers how to prepare for and respond to sudden reductions in medical supplies to those with diabetes. Recent experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic in India, the war in Ukraine and the war/blockade in the Tigray region of Ethiopia are described, and the importance of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery are discussed. It is hoped that lessons from these and other disasters and ongoing advocacy and other actions may help to mitigate the risks of significant morbidity and mortality for people with diabetes in disaster-impacted regions across the world.}, }
@article {pmid40233916, year = {2025}, author = {Pan, M and Cao, W and Zhai, J and Zheng, C and Xu, Y and Zhang, P}, title = {mRNA-based vaccines and therapies - a revolutionary approach for conquering fast-spreading infections and other clinical applications: a review.}, journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules}, volume = {309}, number = {Pt 4}, pages = {143134}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143134}, pmid = {40233916}, issn = {1879-0003}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/genetics/therapeutic use ; *RNA, Messenger/genetics/immunology/therapeutic use ; *Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology/genetics ; mRNA Vaccines ; }, abstract = {Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines has made significant progress in the pharmaceutical industry. The two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech have been approved for marketing and have made significant contributions to preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, mRNA therapy has brought hope to some diseases that do not have specific treatment methods or are difficult to treat, such as the Zika virus and influenza virus infections, as well as the prevention and treatment of tumors. With the rapid development of in vitro transcription (IVT) technology, delivery systems, and adjuvants, mRNA therapy has also been applied to hereditary diseases such as Fabry's disease. This article reviews the recent development of mRNA vaccines for structural modification, treatment and prevention of different diseases; delivery carriers and adjuvants; and routes of administration to promote the clinical application of mRNA therapies.}, }
@article {pmid40233885, year = {2025}, author = {Wu, H and Weng, R and Li, J and Huang, Z and Tie, X and Li, J and Chen, K}, title = {Self-Assembling protein nanoparticle platform for multivalent antigen delivery in vaccine development.}, journal = {International journal of pharmaceutics}, volume = {676}, number = {}, pages = {125597}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125597}, pmid = {40233885}, issn = {1873-3476}, mesh = {Humans ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry/administration &amp; dosage ; Animals ; *Vaccine Development/methods ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; *Antigens/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration &amp; dosage ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Proteins/chemistry/administration &amp; dosage ; }, abstract = {Nanoparticle vaccines can efficiently and repeatedly display multivalent antigens, thereby improving the targeted delivery of antigens and inducing more durable immune responses, making them an important representative of novel vaccines. The global COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of nanoparticle vaccines, offering a promising solution for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Currently, the development of nanoparticle vaccines involves the use of various types of nanoparticles, including liposomes, polymers, inorganic materials, and emulsions. Protein nanoparticles candidate vaccines are attracting increasing attention because of their unique antigen presentation methods and self-assembly characteristics during their development, leading to a broad consensus on their promising future. Naturally self-assembling protein nanoparticles, such as ferritin, enhance antigen presentation, which aids in the activation of both humoral and cellular immune responses. This has led to significant advancements in the study of hepatitis B virus. Meanwhile, some synthetically engineered protein nanoparticles, such as mi3, and I53-50, can induce higher antibody titers through chemical conjugation with the SpyTag-SpyCatcher system, thereby providing better immunoprotection and showing promising prospects in the prevention of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus infections. This article reviews the unique advantages of protein nanoparticles as antigen delivery platforms, progress made in immunological design mechanisms, advances in the application of related adjuvants in preclinical and clinical trials, and the performance of commonly used computationally designed protein nanoparticles in preclinical trials, with a particular emphasis on the progress in the application of cationic nanoparticle vaccines. The aim is to provide future researchers with effective adjuvant strategies and high-quality selections for computationally designed protein nanoparticles, thereby promoting the clinical trial process of protein nanoparticles vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid40233794, year = {2025}, author = {Zwicklbauer, K and Bergmann, M and Alberer, M and von Both, U and Hartmann, K}, title = {[Feline infectious peritonitis - a current overview].}, journal = {Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere}, volume = {53}, number = {2}, pages = {96-102}, doi = {10.1055/a-2524-3760}, pmid = {40233794}, issn = {2567-5842}, mesh = {Animals ; *Feline Infectious Peritonitis/virology/diagnosis/therapy/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Cats ; *Coronavirus, Feline/genetics/pathogenicity ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {Coronaviruses (CoVs) are positive, single-stranded RNA viruses that can infect various animal species as well as humans. Particularly relevant for cats is the feline coronavirus (FCoV), which is widespread in cat populations worldwide. Infection with FCoV is usually asymptomatic. However, in multi-cat households, approximately 5-12% of FCoV-infected cats develop feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) due to mutations in the spike gene. FIP is an immune-mediated disease that previously was always fatal. These mutations result in a tropism shift from enterocytes to monocytes and macrophages. The associated change in the virulence of FCoV leads to the characteristic granulomatous vasculitis and perivasculitis observed in FIP. Recently, significant advancements have been made in understanding FIP. Studies show that antiviral drugs used in human medicine, such as the nucleoside analog GS-441524, are effective against FIP and can provide affected cats with a survival chance of up to 100%. Additionally, a novel FCoV variant, FCoV-23, has been identified in cats from Cyprus. According to newest research, this virus arose through a recombination between FCoV and the highly virulent pantropic canine coronavirus; it can be directly transmitted from cat to cat and lead to FIP. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that FIP is frequently associated with myocarditis. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge on FIP, including its pathology, clinical signs, effective treatment options, and preventive measures.}, }
@article {pmid40233592, year = {2025}, author = {Entrican, G and Bredell, H and Charlier, J and Cunningham, AF and Jarvis, MA and Wood, PR and Wren, BW and Hope, JC}, title = {Opportunities and challenges for the adoption of novel platform technologies to develop veterinary bacterial vaccines.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {54}, number = {}, pages = {127117}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127117}, pmid = {40233592}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {*Vaccine Development/methods ; Animals ; *Bacterial Vaccines/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Bacterial Infections/prevention &amp; control/veterinary ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Vaccine platform technologies provide standardised vehicles for the delivery of diverse antigens to elicit specific immune responses. The deployment of these platforms for novel vaccine development is influenced by a wide range of factors that must meet end-user needs for uptake, which includes cost, frequency of delivery and dependency on cold-chain storage. These factors can be identified by constructing a vaccine target product profile (TPP) that helps to direct the research effort towards the desired goal. The COVID-19 pandemic has exemplified how viral vectored and nucleic acid-based platforms can be rapidly deployed for population disease control. While successful for viral vaccines, the applicability of these platforms for bacteria is less well defined. Bacteria present different challenges to vaccine design from viruses due to their diversity and complexity. Other platform technologies are under development to address these challenges. The more we understand about vaccine platforms, the more adaptable they become, particularly for deployment across species with benefits for One Health. A Workshop was held at the 13th International Veterinary Immunology Symposium (IVIS) in South Africa in November 2023 to discuss the opportunities and challenges in deploying novel platform technologies for vaccine development against bacteria, particularly those that are affordable to low-middle income countries (LMICs). We report here on the outcomes of the presentations and discussions at the Workshop, highlighting the gaps and potential solutions through collaborative global efforts.}, }
@article {pmid40233451, year = {2025}, author = {Yao, Z and Feng, Z and Zhang, H and Zhang, B}, title = {ScRNA-Seq reveals T cell immunity in COVID-19 patients and implications for immunotherapy.}, journal = {International immunopharmacology}, volume = {155}, number = {}, pages = {114663}, doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114663}, pmid = {40233451}, issn = {1878-1705}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/therapy ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Single-Cell Analysis ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; *T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; RNA-Seq ; Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis ; }, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, poses significant health threats due to its high transmissibility and potential for severe respiratory complications. T cells, central to adaptive immunity, also interact with innate immunity, playing a pivotal role in coordinating defenses and eliminating infected cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has provided more subtle heterogeneity, rare subpopulations, or new subpopulations that are at the district differentiation stage or with specific function. Thus, elucidating how T cell heterogeneity impacts COVID-19 disease severity remains a critical question requiring comprehensive analysis. This review revealed the heterogeneity of the host T cells, including conventional T cells (CD8[+], CD4[+] T cells) and unconventional T cells, including natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) and gamma-delta T (γδT) cells in COVID-19 patients with different clinical manifestations. Severe COVID-19 had marked lymphopenia, excessive activation, elevated exhaustion and reduced functional diversity of T cells. Pathogenic contributions arise from dysregulated cytotoxic T cells, Treg cells and unconventional T cells collectively driving systemic hyperinflammation and tissue injury. Current therapeutic strategies targeting T cells-such as enhancing virus-specific T cell responses, reverting T-cell exhaustion and alleviating inflammation-exhibit inconsistent efficacy, underscoring the need for combinatorial approaches. This review highlights how scRNA-seq deciphers T cell heterogeneity and dysfunction in COVID-19. By targeting T cell exhaustion, inflammation, and subset-specific deficits, these insights pave the way for therapies and vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid40232102, year = {2025}, author = {Lin, D and Chen, W and Lin, Z and Liu, L and Zhang, M and Yang, H and Liu, Z and Chen, L}, title = {Viral Transmission in Sea Food Systems: Strategies for Control and Emerging Challenges.}, journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, pmid = {40232102}, issn = {2304-8158}, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had widespread and severe impacts on both the global economy and human health. Facing the continuously mutating virus, this crisis has heightened concerns among consumers and businesses regarding viral transmission through seafood, particularly in the face of emerging, unknown viruses, underscoring our preparedness gaps. This review provides a succinct overview of the survival mechanisms of prevalent viruses in seafood, examines potential transmission pathways to humans during seafood processing, and discusses strategies for mitigating their spread throughout the seafood supply chain. Furthermore, the discussion highlights emerging trends in innovative antiviral technologies aimed at enhancing food safety. Person-to-person transmission remains the most likely source of infection within the supply chain. Therefore, it is still imperative to adhere to the implementation of standard processes, namely good manufacturing practices (GMP) and good hygiene practices (GHP), in the seafood business. In light of the significant losses caused by this crisis and the persistent presence of various viruses within the seafood supply chain, efforts are needed to implement predictive and preventive measures against potential emerging viruses. Future research should focus on monitoring and limiting viral transmission by integrating Industry 4.0 applications, smart technologies, and antiviral packaging, maximizing the potential of these emerging solutions.}, }
@article {pmid40231930, year = {2025}, author = {Jackson, A and Lewis-Lloyd, CA and Merotohun, O and Crooks, CJ and Humes, DJ}, title = {Venous thromboembolism risk in the postoperative interval during the COVID-19 pandemic: meta-analysis.}, journal = {BJS open}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40231930}, issn = {2474-9842}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; *Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology/etiology ; *Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Incidence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, global trends emerged, indicating increased venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence among postoperative patients, potentially attributable to perioperative COVID-19 infection. However, there are insufficient data on VTE incidence among postoperative patients in the context of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to examine the global incidence of postoperative VTE during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase databases, as well as three other registered databases, was conducted from 1 January 2019 to 3 November 2023, with pre-registration in PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42023460464). Any study reporting patients aged &#x2265;18 years undergoing surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic was included. Outcomes were aggregated absolute and unadjusted relative risks, plus incidence rates per 1000 person-years, of 30- or 90-day postoperative VTE in patients operated on before or during the COVID-19 pandemic and those with or without perioperative COVID-19 infection during the pandemic.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 5943 studies, 17 were available for meta-analysis, reporting on 3 035 037 patients. VTE incidence rates in perioperative COVID-19-positive compared with COVID-19-negative patients were significantly higher after total joint arthroplasty (244 (95% c.i. 110 to 541) versus 71 (95% c.i. 47 to 108) per 1000 person-years), other orthopaedic surgery (253 (95% c.i. 240 to 266) versus 138 (95% c.i. 84 to 229) per 1000 person-years), and emergency general and gastrointestinal surgery (474 (95% c.i. 226 to 995) versus 97 (95% c.i. 61 to 157) per 1000 person-years). No significant differences in VTE rates were reported in studies comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic VTE incidence rates.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There were consistent increased VTE rates in perioperative COVID-19-positive patients, particularly those undergoing orthopaedic surgery, and emergency general and gastrointestinal surgery. Further investigation is required to delineate postoperative VTE risk and how it varies by COVID-19 variant and vaccination to inform future practice.}, }
@article {pmid40231656, year = {2025}, author = {Phillips, B and Abbott, C and Breit, S and St Onge, E}, title = {Olezarsen for the Treatment of Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome.}, journal = {The Annals of pharmacotherapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {10600280251332500}, doi = {10.1177/10600280251332500}, pmid = {40231656}, issn = {1542-6270}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of olezarsen (Tryngolza) in treating familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive literature search was conducted via PubMed from January 2022 to mid-March 2025, using keywords such as olezarsen, antisense oligonucleotide, triglyceride, hypertriglyceridemia, apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), and cardiovascular.<br><br>Relevant English-language studies assessing the pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, efficacy, or safety of olezarsen were included. Data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved package insert were also reviewed.<br><br>DATA SYNTHESIS: Olezarsen is an antisense oligonucleotide targeting APOC3 mRNA, a key regulator of plasma triglyceride levels. It has been shown to significantly reduce triglyceride levels via APOC3 protein degradation. Clinical trials have demonstrated substantial reductions in triglyceride levels and APOC3, with minimal adverse events. Phase 2 and 3 trials showed consistent efficacy and safety profiles, with common adverse events including COVID-19 infection, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice in Comparison to Existing Drugs:Olezarsen offers a targeted and effective treatment for FCS, addressing limitations of traditional therapies such as fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and statins. Its novel mechanism of action and once-monthly dosing regimen may improve patient adherence, providing significant advancement in FCS management.<br><br>CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Olezarsen represents a new treatment for FCS, offering a targeted approach to significantly reduce triglyceride levels. Its integration into clinical practice has the potential to transform the management of FCS; however, more studies are needed to firmly establish its role.}, }
@article {pmid40231214, year = {2025}, author = {Serafini, RA and Frere, JJ and Giosan, IM and Nwaneshiudu, CA}, title = {SARS-CoV-2-induced sensory perturbations: A narrative review of clinical phenotypes, molecular pathologies, and possible interventions.}, journal = {Brain, behavior, &amp; immunity - health}, volume = {45}, number = {}, pages = {100983}, pmid = {40231214}, issn = {2666-3546}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The acute and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been of great clinical interest since the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite a high prevalence of individuals with persistent symptoms, a wholistic view of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on special sensory systems is lacking. Considering the significant impact of normal sensory function on quality of life, the goal of this review is to highlight unresolved issues related to SARS-CoV-2-associated insults to the sensory nervous system.<br><br>MAJOR FINDINGS: In this narrative review, we discuss the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2-induced sensory perturbations, underlying pathological mechanisms, and possible therapeutic strategies across the olfactory, gustatory, somatosensory, visual, and auditory systems. Examined literature included studies with human biospecimens, human-derived cell lines, and naturally susceptible animal models, which highlighted evidence of persistent functional disruption in all sensory systems. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with persistent inflammation in the olfactory epithelium/bulb, somatosensory ganglia, and gustatory systems, long-term transcriptional perturbations in the sensory central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, and detectable degeneration/apoptosis in the gustatory and visual systems. Few studies have proposed evidence-based therapeutic strategies for attenuating specific sensory abnormalities after SARS-CoV-2 infection.<br><br>CONCLUSION: While the olfactory system, and to some extent the visual and somatosensory systems, have been more thoroughly investigated from symptomatology, behavioral and molecular perspectives, there is still an unmet need for the development of therapeutics to treat COVID-induced impairment of these systems. Further, additional attention must be placed on COVID-associated impairment of the gustatory, visual, and auditory systems, which lack detailed mechanistic investigations into their pathogenesis.}, }
@article {pmid40231071, year = {2025}, author = {Zhao, X and Du, X and Bai, S and Zheng, P and Zhou, X and Wang, Z}, title = {Differences in depression prevalence among older adults in China before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {e19251}, pmid = {40231071}, issn = {2167-8359}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; China/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Aged ; *Depression/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Female ; Male ; Aged, 80 and over ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Changes in the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic among older adults in China have not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to systematically summarize existing evidence to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify changes in the prevalence of depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WangFang Data, CQVIP, and China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) databases were searched from January 1, 2017, to November 20, 2024. Studies reporting the prevalence of depression among Chinese individuals aged 60 or older using validated diagnostic tools were included. A random-effects model was applied to estimate pooled prevalence, with subgroup analyses performed by demographic and socio-economic factors. Relative risks (RR) were calculated to compare prevalence across different pandemic stages.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 101 studies involving 264,758 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of depression among older adults was 25.8% (95% CI [21.7-29.9]) from 2017-2019 and 23.8% (95% CI [19.8-27.8]) from 2020-2023. During the early pandemic stage (January-April 2020), prevalence significantly decreased (RR = 0.849, P&#xa0;<&#xa0;.001) but increased in later stages, reaching 24.4% by 2021-2023. The prevalence of depression among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic showed a significant increasing trend (P trend &#xa0;<&#xa0;.001). Subgroup analyses revealed higher prevalence among females, rural residents, individuals with lower education levels, and those living alone.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Depression prevalence among older adults in China decreased during the early pandemic response but showed an increasing trend over time, reflecting the complex mental health impact of prolonged public health measures. Effective interventions are needed to address the specific needs of vulnerable subgroups during and beyond public health crises.}, }
@article {pmid40228664, year = {2025}, author = {Gabizon, AA}, title = {Cancer nanomedicine from a clinician-scientist perspective: Lessons and prospects.}, journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society}, volume = {382}, number = {}, pages = {113731}, doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113731}, pmid = {40228664}, issn = {1873-4995}, mesh = {Humans ; *Nanomedicine/methods ; *Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Doxorubicin/analogs &amp; derivatives/administration &amp; dosage ; Nanoparticles ; Liposomes ; COVID-19 ; Animals ; Polyethylene Glycols ; }, abstract = {The nanomedicine field has progressed enormously in the last couple of decades. From a loose group of liposomologists, polymer scientists, chemical engineers, and experts in metal nanoparticles, mesoporous silica, and other nanomaterials, the field has gradually consolidated and has generated vast amounts of research and clinical data, but, until the development of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based vaccinations for Covid-19, has remained with low visibility in the clinic. Applications in the cancer field are the most frequently sought projects in nanomedicine. For the last 45 years, my clinical career has mingled with my research career focusing on ways to formulate drugs in liposomes to improve their safety and efficacy in cancer therapy. In this review, I will discuss my contribution to the development of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and other cancer nanomedicines from my privileged position as a clinician and scientist.}, }
@article {pmid40227513, year = {2025}, author = {Casazza, M and Bolz, M and Huemer, J}, title = {Telemedicine in ophthalmology.}, journal = {Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)}, volume = {175}, number = {7-8}, pages = {153-161}, pmid = {40227513}, issn = {1563-258X}, mesh = {*Telemedicine/trends/organization &amp; administration ; Humans ; *Ophthalmology/trends ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Forecasting ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Eye Diseases/therapy/diagnosis ; }, abstract = {Since its beginnings in the 1970s, telemedicine has advanced extensively. Telemedicine is now more accessible and powerful than ever thanks to developments in medical imaging, Internet accessibility, advancements in telecommunications infrastructure, exponential growth in computing power, and related computer-aided diagnoses. This is especially true in the field of ophthalmology. With the COVID 19 pandemic serving as a catalyst for the widespread adoption and acceptance of teleophthalmology, new models of healthcare provision integrating telemedicine are needed to meet the challenges of the modern world. The demand for ophthalmic services is growing globally due to population growth, aging, and a shortage of ophthalmologists. In this review, we discuss the development and use of telemedicine in the field of ophthalmology and shed light on the benefits and drawbacks of teleophthalmology.}, }
@article {pmid40227439, year = {2025}, author = {Ciuciulkaite, I and Herrmann, K and Lahner, H}, title = {[Importance of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for the management of neuroendocrine tumours].}, journal = {Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)}, volume = {65}, number = {5}, pages = {371-380}, pmid = {40227439}, issn = {2731-7056}, mesh = {Humans ; *Neuroendocrine Tumors/radiotherapy ; *Octreotide/therapeutic use/analogs &amp; derivatives ; *Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use ; *Receptors, Somatostatin/metabolism ; *Receptors, Peptide ; *Radioisotopes/therapeutic use ; Organometallic Compounds/therapeutic use ; Lutetium/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare, heterogeneous neoplasms that often express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). This allows targeted peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for NETs. PRRT is currently indicated as second- or third-line therapy for metastatic or unresectable, progressive, SSTR-positive NETs of grade (G) 1 or 2. Adequate bone marrow reserves as well as renal and hepatic function are required for PRRT. The most commonly used radiopharmaceutical for PRRT is [177]Lu-DOTA-TATE. PRRT prolongs progression-free and overall survival, reduces or stabilises tumour burden, and improves tumour symptoms and quality of life. Adverse events associated with PRRT are mostly mild and transient. Haemato- and nephrotoxicity are the most common toxicities following PRRT. The NETTER‑2 and COMPOSE trials are investigating PRRT with [177]Lu-DOTA-TATE/-TOC in G2 and G3 gastroenteropancreatic NETs.}, }
@article {pmid40227096, year = {2025}, author = {Li, J and Zhou, J and Li, P and Wang, Y and Ridderhof, N and Al-Tawfiq, JA and Brouwer, WP and Chen, K and de Knegt, RJ and Peppelenbosch, MP and Hansen, BE and Engel, MFM and Zheng, MH and Memish, ZA and Eslam, M and Janssen, HLA and Pan, Q and Ayada, I}, title = {The global prevalence and impact of steatotic liver disease and viral infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Hepatology communications}, volume = {9}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40227096}, issn = {2471-254X}, mesh = {Humans ; Prevalence ; *Fatty Liver/epidemiology/virology ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; *HIV Infections/epidemiology/complications ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; Global Health ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Steatotic liver disease (SLD) affects ~30% of adults worldwide. The global population is continuously threatened by epidemic and endemic viral diseases. This study aims to thoroughly examine the interaction between SLD and major viral diseases.<br><br>METHODS: We systematically searched databases from inception to April 2, 2024, for observational studies recording viral-infected adult patients with eligible data on the presence of hepatic steatosis.<br><br>RESULTS: Six hundred thirty-six eligible studies were included in the analysis of SLD prevalence. Among patients with monoinfections, the highest SLD prevalence was observed in those infected with HCV at 49% (95% CI: 47%-51%), followed by SARS-CoV-2 (39%, 95% CI [34%-44%]), HIV (39%, 95% CI [33%-44%]), and HBV (36%, 95% CI [32%-40%]). Additionally, co-infections, such as HCV-HIV and HBV-HCV, exhibit even higher SLD prevalence. The prevalence of steatohepatitis is particularly high in HIV-infected (24%, 95% CI: 17%-30%) and HCV-infected (18%, 95% CI: 13%-24%) populations. The co-existence of SLD with viral infections was associated not only with the progression of liver disease but also with more severe outcomes of the infections and poorer responses to antiviral treatment. The combination of cardiometabolic risk factors and viral-associated and host factors contributes to the higher risk of SLD in viral-infected populations.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: SLD is highly prevalent in viral-infected populations, and the reciprocal interactions between SLD and viral diseases exacerbate both conditions, leading to poorer patient outcomes in general.}, }
@article {pmid40227027, year = {2025}, author = {Wetherell, W}, title = {Review of the Emergency Preparedness, Resilience, and Response Exercise Frequency of NHS Acute Trusts in England.}, journal = {Disaster medicine and public health preparedness}, volume = {19}, number = {}, pages = {e91}, doi = {10.1017/dmp.2025.99}, pmid = {40227027}, issn = {1938-744X}, mesh = {Humans ; England ; State Medicine/organization &amp; administration/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Civil Defense/methods/statistics &amp; numerical data/standards ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Disaster Planning/methods/statistics &amp; numerical data/standards ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In England, the Civil Contingencies Act (Contingency Planning) Regulations 2005 require National Health Service (NHS) Trusts which provide hospital accommodation and services in relation to accidents or emergencies to conduct Emergency Preparedness, Resilience and Response (EPRR) exercises. The NHS England EPRR Framework specifies the minimum frequencies of these exercises. This review assessed the number of Trusts conducting exercises in accordance with these frequencies one year after the national NHS COVID-19 response was stepped down.<br><br>METHODS: The outcome of interest was the number of Trusts having a record of conducting their most recent exercises in accordance with the minimum frequencies required by the NHS England EPRR Framework.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the applicable 122 Trusts, 95 had a record of conducting a communication systems exercise, 115 had a record of conducting a table-top exercise, 106 had a record of conducting a live play exercise and 90 had a record of conducting a command post exercise in accordance with the minimum frequencies.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Over one fifth of Trusts did not have a record of conducting an EPRR communications systems exercise as required. This review may also be of interest to other state-level bodies which specify high level EPRR requirements to healthcare providers.}, }
@article {pmid40226776, year = {2025}, author = {Zhu, Y and Sun, L and Guan, S and Li, R and Yang, J and Cao, Y and Zhang, L and Li, T and Zhang, H and Bueber, M and Hall, BJ and Phillips, MR and Li, C}, title = {Evolving role of the internet in China as a medium for promoting psychological well-being and mental health: a scoping review.}, journal = {The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific}, volume = {56}, number = {}, pages = {101515}, pmid = {40226776}, issn = {2666-6065}, abstract = {The rapid development of China's 5G 'Internet Plus' industry has led to increasing use of the Internet to provide healthcare services. Internet-based services in China are already widely used to prevent, identify, monitor, and manage mental disorders, but few of these services have been formally evaluated. To provide a clear baseline of this rapidly evolving field, we searched articles published before December 31, 2022, about internet-based interventions and surveys for mental health-related conditions in China in five international databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Library) and four Chinese databases (CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and WanFang). The 143 identified studies-54 in Chinese and 89 in English-described internet-based interventions and surveys in individuals with mental disorders, community residents, college students, older adults, pregnant women, and health professionals. The number of identified studies, which were mainly conducted in economically developed regions of the country, quadrupled after the 2019 onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Available studies suggest-but do not prove-that internet-based interventions can reduce the severity of psychiatric symptoms, decrease healthcare costs, and improve the quality of life for individuals with mental disorders. Innovative smartphone applications could potentially improve the quality and expand the scope of internet-based interventions, making them a key component in ongoing efforts to prevent and monitor mental illness, enhance the self-management of mental disorders, and alleviate psychological distress among adolescents and other at-risk populations. However, achieving this long-term goal will require establishing standardised methods of administering internet-based interventions, training mental health professionals to implement and monitor the interventions, identifying methods of maintaining the confidentiality of collected information, and rigorously assessing the effectiveness of the interventions based on periodic assessment of uniform outcome measures. Clinical and policy research about expanding internet-based mental health interventions should focus on confidentiality, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.}, }
@article {pmid40226433, year = {2025}, author = {Abou Mansour, M and El Rassi, C and Sleem, B and Borghol, R and Arabi, M}, title = {Thromboembolic Events in the Era of COVID-19: A Detailed Narrative Review.}, journal = {The Canadian journal of infectious diseases &amp; medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale}, volume = {2025}, number = {}, pages = {3804576}, pmid = {40226433}, issn = {1712-9532}, abstract = {COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is not only characterized by respiratory symptoms but is also associated with a wide range of systemic complications, including significant hematologic abnormalities. This is a comprehensive review of the current literature, using PubMed and Google Scholar, on the pathophysiology and incidence of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients and thromboprophylaxis. COVID-19 infection induces a prothrombotic state in patients through the dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelial dysfunction, elevated von Willebrand factor (vWF), and a dysregulated immune response involving the complement system and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). As a result, thromboembolic complications have emerged in COVID-19 cases, occurring more frequently in severe cases and hospitalized patients. These thrombotic events affect both venous and arterial circulation, with increased incidences of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), systemic arterial thrombosis, and myocardial infarction (MI). While DVT and PE are more common, the literature highlights the potential lethal consequences of arterial thromboembolism (ATE). This review also briefly examines the ongoing discussions regarding the use of anticoagulants for the prevention of thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients. While theoretically promising, current studies have yielded varied outcomes: Some suggest potential benefits, whereas others report an increased risk of bleeding events among hospitalized patients. Therefore, further large-scale studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants for thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid40226161, year = {2025}, author = {Etesami, I and Ansari, MS and Pourgholi, E and Heidari, S and Rafati, A and Bahramian, S and Danaei, B and Demokri, S and Fazeli, P and Memari, H and Mirzaee Godarzee, H and Sadeghi, B and Vahabi, SM}, title = {Drug- and Vaccine-Induced Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review of the Literature.}, journal = {Journal of skin cancer}, volume = {2025}, number = {}, pages = {3103865}, pmid = {40226161}, issn = {2090-2905}, abstract = {Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that usually involves the skin. It has different subtypes including mycosis fungoides (MFs), Sézary syndrome (SS), primary cutaneous anaplastic large lymphoma (PC-ALCL), lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL). There are several reports of incidence, relapse, or progression of CTCLs by using specific drugs. We aim to identify drug- and vaccine-induced CTCL characteristics. A systematic search was conducted using MeSH terms/keywords: CTCL and drug-induced or drug-associated or vaccine-associated or vaccine induced through PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase until May 10, 2024. Out of 14,031 papers, 60 articles were included, involving 71 patients with a mean age of 53.5 ± 17 years. Among them, 52.1% were male. Medications were categorized into four groups: conventional, biologics, small molecules, and vaccines. The most frequently reported medications in the first group were fingolimod (n = 8) and methotrexate (n = 7). Infliximab (n = 6) and etanercept (n = 5) were the most commonly reported biologics. Pfizer-BioNTech (n = 11) vaccine and JAK inhibitors (n = 3) were the most reported vaccine and small molecules. LyP (n = 17) was the most frequently reported type of CTCL, followed by PC-ALCL (n = 13), MF (n = 11), SS (n = 8), and SPTCL (n = 8). The most common underlying conditions were rheumatoid arthritis (n = 15) and multiple sclerosis (n = 10). Twenty patients (28%) experienced disease regression after discontinuing the drug, with a mean ± SD of 8.6 ± 8.8 weeks. In 14 patients (20%), chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were initiated. Six patients passed away after being diagnosed with CTCL: two because of CTCL recurrence and four because of other complications. It is important recognizing CTCL as a possible, although rare, adverse effect of certain drugs and vaccines, and taking a history of vaccinations, especially COVID-19 vaccines, and immunosuppressive drugs such as fingolimod, TNF-a inhibitors, and methotrexate.}, }
@article {pmid40225829, year = {2025}, author = {Maglione, MA and Klausner, JD and Wirnkar, PK and Fallarme, I and Lak, R and Sysawang, K and Fu, N and Yagyu, S and Motala, A and Tolentino, D and Hempel, S}, title = {A Rapid Systematic Review of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-Authorized COVID-19 Treatments.}, journal = {Open forum infectious diseases}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, pages = {ofaf097}, pmid = {40225829}, issn = {2328-8957}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era saw numerous treatments authorized for emergency use by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The purpose of the review was to determine if convalescent plasma, antivirals, or monoclonal antibodies are associated with serious adverse events (SAEs) and, if so, which specific populations are at risk.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the FDA submission database were searched through December 2023, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines, international COVID Network Meta-analysis database, and systematic reviews were reference mined to identify controlled studies with at least 1 US site. Reviewers abstracted study characteristics, number of patients experiencing each type of SAE, and methods of adverse event collection and reporting.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifty-four studies met inclusion criteria, including 31 randomized controlled trials. We found insufficient evidence of association of any SAE with antivirals and spike protein receptor-binding antibodies. In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, the monoclonal antibody tocilizumab, an interleukin 6 inhibitor, may be associated with elevated risk of neutropenia (moderate certainty) and infection (limited certainty). Convalescent plasma may be associated with thrombotic events (limited certainty) as well as bleeding events and infection in patients with hematologic cancers (moderate certainty). Inclusion of studies without a US site could potentially change the findings.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Severe COVID-19 infection may have serious consequences, especially in hospitalized patients with comorbidities. These consequences may be confused with toxicities of the interventions. Based on our analysis, approved treatments for COVID-19 should be prescribed as clinically indicated, although continued vigilance is warranted to identify rare and potentially significant toxicities that may arise in clinical practice.<br><br>CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42023467821).}, }
@article {pmid40225770, year = {2025}, author = {Joshi, KM and Salve, S and Dhanwade, D and Chavhan, M and Jagtap, S and Shinde, M and Holkar, R and Patil, R and Chabukswar, V}, title = {Advancing protein biosensors: redefining detection through innovations in materials, mechanisms, and applications for precision medicine and global diagnostics.}, journal = {RSC advances}, volume = {15}, number = {15}, pages = {11523-11536}, pmid = {40225770}, issn = {2046-2069}, abstract = {Protein biosensors are significant tools in modern diagnostics due to their exceptional sensitivity and specificity in detecting protein biomarkers critical for disease diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and biomedical research. Innovations in transduction methods, nanomaterials, and point-of-care system integration have spurred recent advancements in biosensor technology. This summary examines key developments in protein biosensors, focusing on their structure, applications, and future potential. Nanomaterial-enhanced electrochemical biosensors, such as graphene, polyaniline, and carbon nanotubes, offer improved signal transmission due to their large surface area and faster electron transfer rates. Label-free immunosensors activated with gold nanoparticles and MXene-based sensors capable of combined biomarker analysis for detecting ovarian cancer are notable examples. During the COVID-19 pandemic, colorimetric and fluorescence optical biosensors facilitated easier diagnostics. An example of this is the incorporation of SARS-CoV-2 detection technologies into mobile phones. Real-time, label-free tracking with molecular precision is now possible due to the development of new methods, such as CRISPR-based platforms and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based biosensors. This advancement is crucial for effectively managing infectious diseases and cancer. Synthetic fluorescence biosensors increase diagnostics by improving the visualization of protein interactions and cellular communication. Despite these achievements, challenges related to scalability, sustainability, and regulatory compliance remain. Proposed solutions include sustainable biosensor manufacturing, artificial intelligence-enhanced analytics for efficacy evaluation, and multidisciplinary approaches to optimize interaction with decentralised diagnostic systems. This work demonstrates how protein biosensors can advance precision medicine and global health.}, }
@article {pmid40225255, year = {2025}, author = {Ma, L and Ye, F}, title = {Effect of Isolation Measures on Nosocomial Infection Rates in Nursing Practice during COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Iranian journal of public health}, volume = {54}, number = {2}, pages = {297-308}, pmid = {40225255}, issn = {2251-6093}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections represent a critical challenge in nursing practice, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Isolation measures have been implemented widely to curb the spread of infections within healthcare settings. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of isolation measures in reducing nosocomial infection rates in nursing practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was conducted using keywords such as "isolation measures," "nosocomial infection," and "COVID-19" and their combinations in international databases, focusing on articles published between 2020 and 2024. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis and a random effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed with the I[2] test, and analyses were performed using STATA software.<br><br>RESULTS: The analysis of 8 selected articles with a total sample size of 10,532 individuals showed that the implementation of isolation measures significantly reduced nosocomial infection rates, with an average effect size of 0.58 (95% CI: 42.1-74.5).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Isolation measures are effective in reducing nosocomial infection rates in nursing practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings support the continued use of these measures to enhance patient safety and control infection spread within healthcare facilities.}, }
@article {pmid40225252, year = {2025}, author = {Akbari, H and Mohammadi, M and Hosseini, A}, title = {A Scientometric Perspective on Stigma Research in Medicine: A Bibliometric Review.}, journal = {Iranian journal of public health}, volume = {54}, number = {2}, pages = {346-360}, pmid = {40225252}, issn = {2251-6093}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Stigma is a critical social determinant of health, influencing individuals' access to resources, quality of life, and overall well-being. Despite its significant implications, bibliometric studies on stigma in the medical field remain sparse. We provide a comprehensive scientometric analysis of stigma research in medicine over the past 30 years, highlighting trends, key focus areas, and evolving challenges.<br><br>METHODS: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer software, utilizing data from the Scopus database. The search included articles with the keyword "stigma*" in the title, published between 1992 and 2022, within the fields of Medicine, Nursing, and Professional Health. The initial search yielded 20,284 articles, narrowed down to 7,854 relevant publications for detailed analysis. Key metrics analyzed included co-authorship, co-occurrence of keywords, and co-citation patterns.<br><br>RESULTS: The analysis revealed a significant increase in stigma-related publications in the medical field, particularly since 2010, with a peak in 2022, largely driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. The research identified nine major keyword clusters, 40 associated diseases, and 36 target groups. Persistent diseases like HIV, mental illness, addiction, and cancer continue to be strongly associated with stigma.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the evolving nature of stigma research in medicine, with an increasing focus on intersecting stigmas and their persistent impact on public health. Future research should aim to develop comprehensive models and strategies to manage and reduce stigma, particularly for diseases with enduring stigmatic associations. Collaborative efforts among policymakers, healthcare providers, and society are crucial to address the social and economic consequences of stigma and improve health outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40225082, year = {2025}, author = {Liu, B and Xu, L and Wang, Y and Hao, C and Jiang, W}, title = {Understanding the unconventional reemergence of M. pneumoniae epidemics during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Translational pediatrics}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {473-479}, pmid = {40225082}, issn = {2224-4344}, abstract = {Since the implementation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions since 2020, the number of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infections in children has significantly decreased. However, after the end of the COVID pandemic, there has been a notable resurgence in M. pneumoniae infections, which is particularly unusual in terms of both the number of infections and their severity. The purpose of this article is to review the existing evidence and explore theories that underlying the epidemiological shifts of M. pneumoniae following the COVID-19 pandemic, and propose factors contributing to the unconventional resurgence of M. pneumoniae infections. Proposed factors include decline of M. pneumoniae immunity, circulation of different genetic types and emergence of new macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) variants, immune dysregulation following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and others. Among these factors, the decline in M. pneumoniae immunity and the circulation of different genetic types are considered significant contributors. Further research in bacterial genomics and more robust immunology studies are needed to guide the prevention of M. pneumoniae infections and the allocation of healthcare resources. International cooperation and information sharing are crucial for understanding the epidemiological changes of M. pneumoniae. Further cross-regional collaboration is called to enhance our understanding of the scope of M. pneumoniae outbreaks and facilitate a collective response.}, }
@article {pmid40224740, year = {2024}, author = {O' Regan-Hyde, M and Dalton-O Connor, C and Flynn, A and Murphy, A and McCarthy, VJC}, title = {Nurses' Experiences of the Caring Role during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Qualitative Research.}, journal = {Journal of nursing management}, volume = {2024}, number = {}, pages = {7147203}, pmid = {40224740}, issn = {1365-2834}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/nursing/epidemiology/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; *Nurse's Role/psychology ; Pandemics ; *Empathy ; *Nurses/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {AIMS: To synthesize the evidence on nurses' experiences of their caring role during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify emerging concepts that have affected nurses within the caring role in relation to (a) their professional lives and (b) their personal lives.<br><br>BACKGROUND: The concept of caring is central to the science and art of nursing practice, and fulfilment of the caring role is fundamental to the profession. The COVID-19 pandemic imposed unprecedented change globally transforming the caring role of the nurse. The WHO highlights that a well-supported workforce is paramount to emergency preparedness; therefore, understanding the experiences of the nurse's caring role during the COVID-19 crisis is paramount to practice in future healthcare crises.<br><br>METHODS: A scoping review. Data Sources. Studies published between January 2020 and November 2023 were identified from the following databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Coronavirus Database, PUBMED, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Scopus, Web of Science, and SocINDEX. Reporting Method. The scoping review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) checklist.<br><br>RESULTS: The search identified 1,347 studies, subsequent review of title and abstract, resulted in 117 full-text papers for further eligibility screening, with a total of 52 studies being included in the scoping review. Findings were grouped thematically using the Braun and Clarke (2006) approach. The five distinctive themes that emerged were (a) emotional turmoil, (b) erosion of care, (c) relationships and solidarity, (d) expansion of role, and (e) professional growth.<br><br>CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an evolutionary shift in the caring role of the nurse, on a trajectory from emotional turmoil to professional growth. The process followed a theoretical framework of transformative learning that could support nurses' capability and preparedness in their caring role for future inevitable extreme events and crisis in healthcare. Implications for Nursing Management. Mapping current knowledge of the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis from a nurse's professional and personal perspective purposefully aims to highlight gaps for future research, education, and policy and is paramount to emergency preparedness and a well-supported workforce in future healthcare crisis.}, }
@article {pmid40223920, year = {2025}, author = {Ralston, MR and McCreath, G and Lees, ZJ and Salt, IP and Sim, MAB and Watson, MJ and Freeman, DJ}, title = {Beyond body mass index: exploring the role of visceral adipose tissue in intensive care unit outcomes.}, journal = {BJA open}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {100391}, pmid = {40223920}, issn = {2772-6096}, abstract = {Obesity is a worldwide health crisis and poses significant challenges in critical care. Many studies suggest an 'obesity paradox', in which obesity, defined by body mass index (BMI), is associated with better outcomes. However, the inability of BMI to discriminate between fat and muscle or between visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue, limits its prediction of metabolic ill health. We suggest that the 'obesity paradox' may be more reflective of the limitations of BMI than the protective effect of obesity. We explore the biological processes leading to visceral fat accumulation, and the evidence linking it to outcomes in critical illness. In the 'spillover' hypothesis of adipose tissue expansion, caloric excess and impaired expansion of storage capacity in the subcutaneous adipose tissue lead to accumulation of visceral adipose tissue. This is associated with a chronic inflammatory state, which is integral to the link between visceral adiposity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and ischaemic heart disease. We review the current evidence on visceral adiposity and critical illness outcomes. In COVID-19, increased visceral adipose tissue, irrespective of BMI, is associated with more severe disease. This is mirrored in acute pancreatitis, suggesting visceral adiposity is linked to poorer outcomes in some hyperinflammatory conditions. We suggest that visceral adiposity's chronic inflammatory state may potentiate acute inflammation in conditions such as COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis. Further work is required to investigate other critical illnesses, especially sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, in which current evidence is scarce. This may give further insights into pathophysiology and inform tailored treatment and nutrition strategies based on body fat distribution.}, }
@article {pmid40222787, year = {2025}, author = {Gautam, G and Moradikor, N}, title = {Stress in specific population: Cognitive decline in aging, occupational challenges, strategies for medical professionals.}, journal = {Progress in brain research}, volume = {291}, number = {}, pages = {363-379}, doi = {10.1016/bs.pbr.2025.01.017}, pmid = {40222787}, issn = {1875-7855}, mesh = {Humans ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology/etiology ; *Aging/psychology ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; Burnout, Professional/psychology ; *Occupational Stress/psychology ; *Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Mindfulness ; }, abstract = {Understanding cognitive decline and its contributing causes, such as stress, which presents differently in different groups, is crucial given the aging population's rapid growth. This chapter looks at how stress affects older persons' cognitive decline, with a particular emphasis on the difficulties faced by medical professionals in their line of work and how to lessen the consequences. The severity and course of cognitive decline differ from person to person and are impacted by factors such as lifestyle, medical history, and stress at work. The COVID-19 pandemic has made medical practitioners' already high demands even more precarious. Stress in underprivileged areas and among veterans emphasizes the negative effects of work-related stress on mental health even more. Techniques that improve psychological well-being and lessen burnout include resilience training, digital tools, supportive leadership, and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Enhancing work-life balance and promoting a healthier work environment can be achieved by combining these interventions with organizational changes. Aging-related cognitive impairment necessitates a multimodal strategy that includes targeted stress reduction methods and organizational adjustments. Setting mental health as a top priority in healthcare settings promotes the wellbeing of staff members, enhances patient care, and improves healthcare results.}, }
@article {pmid40222381, year = {2025}, author = {Amouzou, A and Barros, AJD and Requejo, J and Faye, C and Akseer, N and Bendavid, E and Blumenberg, C and Borghi, J and El Baz, S and Federspiel, F and Ferreira, LZ and Hazel, E and Heft-Neal, S and Hellwig, F and Liu, L and Maïga, A and Munos, M and Pitt, C and Shawar, YR and Shiffman, J and Tam, Y and Walker, N and Akilimali, P and Alkema, L and Behanzin, P and Binyaruka, P and Bhutta, Z and Blanchard, A and Blencowe, H and Bradley, E and Brikci, N and Caicedo-Velásquez, B and Costello, A and Dotse-Gborgbortsi, W and El Arifeen, S and Ezzati, M and Freedman, LP and Guillot, M and Hanson, C and Heidkamp, R and Huicho, L and Izugbara, C and Jiwani, SS and Kabiru, C and Kiarie, H and Kinney, M and Kirakoya-Samadoulougou, F and Lawn, J and Madise, N and Mady, GRM and Masquelier, B and Melesse, D and Nilsen, K and Perin, J and Ram, U and Romanello, M and Saad, GE and Sharma, S and Sidze, EM and Spiegel, P and Tappis, H and Tatem, AJ and Temmerman, M and Victora, CG and Villavicencio, F and Wado, Y and Waiswa, P and Wakefield, J and Walton, S and You, D and Chopra, M and Black, RE and Boerma, T}, title = {The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown to 2030 for women's, children's, and adolescents' health: tracking progress on health and nutrition.}, journal = {Lancet (London, England)}, volume = {405}, number = {10488}, pages = {1505-1554}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00151-5}, pmid = {40222381}, issn = {1474-547X}, }
@article {pmid40222324, year = {2025}, author = {De Gagne, JC and Randall, PS and Koppel, PD and Cho, E and Blackwood, ER and Kang, HS}, title = {Online learning in nursing education: A 21st century bibliometric analysis.}, journal = {Nurse education today}, volume = {151}, number = {}, pages = {106740}, doi = {10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106740}, pmid = {40222324}, issn = {1532-2793}, mesh = {*Bibliometrics ; *Education, Distance/trends ; Humans ; *Education, Nursing/trends/methods ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Online learning has become an integral part of nursing education, especially in response to the growing reliance on technology and the global transition to remote learning.<br><br>AIM: This study explored research outputs and impact, collaborative networks, and thematic trends in online learning within nursing education to guide future educational advancements.<br><br>METHODS: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science database to examine publications spanning from 2000 to August 2024. VOSviewer and Biblioshiny were utilized to assess publication trends, co-authorship, co-citation, and keyword co-occurrence, providing a comprehensive view of the research landscape. Descriptive statistics and visualizations were employed to enhance clarity and facilitate interpretation of key findings.<br><br>RESULTS: The dataset encompassed 703 institutions across 56 countries, demonstrating the global scope of online learning research in nursing education. Publication output grew steadily, reaching a peak of 111 articles in 2022 (17&#xa0;% of the total). The United States led with 555 publications and 2669 citations, followed by Australia (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;92), Canada (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;62), and Iran (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;45). Co-authorship analysis revealed dense regional networks, with the University System of Ohio and the University of North Carolina as central hubs, though international collaborations were sparse. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified three primary thematic clusters: (1) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) student engagement, readiness, and motivation, and (3) technological integration and pedagogical approaches.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of online learning research in nursing education, highlighting its growth, thematic focus areas, and collaborative networks. The findings serve as a foundation for advancing evidence-based, inclusive, and innovative educational practices. Online learning is no longer a peripheral aspect of nursing education but a cornerstone for driving excellence, equity, and innovation. By addressing existing gaps and embracing emerging opportunities, stakeholders can reimagine nursing education to better prepare students for the challenges of modern healthcare.}, }
@article {pmid40219885, year = {2025}, author = {Krotkiewicz, M and Szynkaruk, A and Stachyra, A}, title = {Digital transformation in healthcare management: from Artificial Intelligence to blockchain.}, journal = {Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)}, volume = {78}, number = {3}, pages = {578-583}, doi = {10.36740/WLek/202445}, pmid = {40219885}, issn = {0043-5147}, mesh = {*Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; *Blockchain ; COVID-19 ; Big Data ; *Internet of Things ; Telemedicine ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; Computer Security ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {The digital transformation of healthcare is revolutionizing the management of medical institutions, improving operational efficiency, patient outcomes, and data security. With the increasing complexity of healthcare systems, the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as Artificial Intelligence. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly accelerated digital transformation, compelling healthcare institutions to adopt telemedicine, AI-assisted diagnostics, and cloud-based medical records to meet growing patient demands and resource constraints. The rapid digital transformation of healthcare is driven by advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data. This review article aims to analyze the objectives and implications of digital transformation in medical institutions, focusing on the integration of AI, blockchain, and IoT in hospital management. The methodological approach for this review article focuses on synthesizing existing literature to examine the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data in the digital transformation of healthcare management. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data has demonstrated significant improvements in healthcare management, enhancing efficiency, patient outcomes, and data security.}, }
@article {pmid40219884, year = {2025}, author = {Kamińsk, PI and Rizvi, F and Trubalski, M and Kaczmarski, M and Bełżek, A and Żerebiec, M and Rupeć, Z and Saj, N and Zulfiqar, Z and Niezbecka-Zając, J}, title = {Bone mineral density and pandemic.}, journal = {Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)}, volume = {78}, number = {3}, pages = {571-577}, doi = {10.36740/WLek/202327}, pmid = {40219884}, issn = {0043-5147}, mesh = {Humans ; *Bone Density/physiology ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *Osteoporosis/etiology/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Exercise ; Pandemics ; Depression/complications ; Sedentary Behavior ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted physical health, including bone mineral density (BMD). This review aims to explore the effects of various pandemic-related factors such as reduced physical activity, stress, depression, dietary changes, and SARS-CoV-2 infection on BMD. Methods involved analyzing studies that investigate the impact of these factors on bone health, including observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results show that decreased physical activity, depression, and changes in diet lead to a reduction in BMD, particularly in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. SARS-CoV-2 infection and the use of corticosteroids are also associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Additionally, cytokine storms induced by the virus further exacerbate bone resorption. The review also highlights the complex interaction between obesity, sedentary behavior, and BMD, which may contribute to either increased BMD in certain areas or lead to a higher risk of fractures. The study suggests that the pandemic may have long-term effects on bone health, emphasizing the need for preventive strategies, including promoting physical activity, managing stress, and cautious use of medications like corticosteroids. Further research is needed to understand the long-term consequences and to develop therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse skeletal effects of COVID-19 and its treatments. Understanding the lasting impact on bone health requires a comprehensive approach considering the multifactorial aspects of the pandemic's effect on human physiology.}, }
@article {pmid40219044, year = {2025}, author = {Marchesi, N and Allegri, M and Bruno, GM and Pascale, A and Govoni, S}, title = {Exploring the Potential of Dietary Supplements to Alleviate Pain Due to Long COVID.}, journal = {Nutrients}, volume = {17}, number = {7}, pages = {}, pmid = {40219044}, issn = {2072-6643}, mesh = {Humans ; *Dietary Supplements ; *COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Chronic Pain/etiology ; Analgesics/therapeutic use ; *Pain Management/methods ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Pain/etiology/drug therapy ; }, abstract = {Long COVID, characterized by persistent symptoms following COVID-19 infection, significantly impacts individuals' health and daily functioning due to fatigue and pain. Focusing on pain, this review addresses nociplastic and chronic pain conditions. Interventions designed to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and enhance vagal activity may offer a promising approach to managing post-pandemic pain. This review presents individual components of food supplements with demonstrated efficacy in one or more pain conditions, focusing on their proposed mechanisms and clinical activity in pain, including their use in post-COVID-19 pain when available. Many of these substances have a long history of safe use and may offer an alternative to long-term analgesic drug treatment, which is often associated with potential side effects. This review also explores the potential for synergistic effects when combining these substances with each other or with conventional analgesics, considering the advantages for both patients and the healthcare system in using these substances as adjunctive or primary therapies for pain symptoms related to long COVID. While preclinical scientific literature provides a mechanistic basis for the action of several food supplements on pain control mechanisms and signaling pathways, clinical experience, particularly in the field of long COVID-associated pain, is still limited. However, the reviewed literature strongly suggests that the use of food supplements in long COVID-associated pain is an attainable goal, provided that rigorous clinical trials are conducted.}, }
@article {pmid40217931, year = {2025}, author = {Olesińska, W and Biernatek, M and Lachowicz-Wiśniewska, S and Piątek, J}, title = {Systematic Review of the Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Systems and Society-The Role of Diagnostics and Nutrition in Pandemic Response.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {7}, pages = {}, pmid = {40217931}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed deep vulnerabilities in healthcare systems and public health preparedness. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of epidemiological procedures, the role of diagnostics, and the influence of nutritional status on immune function and disease severity. A total of 88 studies were analyzed, encompassing diagnostics, micronutrient deficiencies (notably vitamin D, C, E, zinc, and selenium), and the psychosocial impact of the pandemic. The results underscore the importance of integrated strategies-including accurate testing, preventive nutritional measures, and mental health support-in improving outcomes and societal resilience during global health crises. Unlike previous reviews that focused on isolated biomedical or public health elements, this study integrates diagnostics, immune-nutritional status, and psychosocial effects to present a comprehensive, multidimensional analysis of pandemic impact and preparedness.}, }
@article {pmid40217755, year = {2025}, author = {Flisiak, R and Jaroszewicz, J and Kozielewicz, D and Kuchar, E and Parczewski, M and Pawłowska, M and Piekarska, A and Rzymski, P and Simon, K and Tomasiewicz, K and Zarębska-Michaluk, D}, title = {Management of SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Polish Association of Epidemiologists and Infectiologists, for 2025.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {7}, pages = {}, pmid = {40217755}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {The first Polish recommendations for the management of COVID-19 were published by the Polish Society of Epidemiologists and Infectiologists (PTEiLChZ) on 31 March 2020, and the last three years ago. The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, a different course of the disease, as well as new knowledge about therapies and vaccines, requires updating diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic guidelines. Despite the reduction in the threat associated with COVID-19, there is a risk of another epidemic caused by coronaviruses, which was an additional reason for developing a new version of the guidelines. In preparing these recommendations, the Delphi method was used, reaching a consensus after three survey cycles. Compared to the 2022 version, the names of the individual stages of the disease have been changed, adapting them to the realities of clinical practice, and attention was paid to the differences observed in immunosuppressed patients and in children. Some previously recommended drugs have been discontinued, including monoclonal antibodies. In addition, general principles of vaccination were presented, as well as issues related to the post-COVID syndrome.}, }
@article {pmid40217604, year = {2025}, author = {Cioboata, R and Balteanu, MA and Osman, A and Vlasceanu, SG and Zlatian, OM and Mitroi, DM and Catana, OM and Socaci, A and Tieranu, EN}, title = {Coinfections in Tuberculosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Clinical Implications, Diagnostic Challenges, and Management Strategies-A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {7}, pages = {}, pmid = {40217604}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where high burdens of coinfections exacerbate the disease's impact. In 2023, an estimated 8.2 million people were newly diagnosed with tuberculosis worldwide, reflecting an increase from 7.5 million in 2022 and 7.1 million in 2019. In LMICs, limited access to healthcare, inadequate nutrition, and poor living conditions contribute to higher coinfection rates among TB patients, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment, which in turn exacerbates disease severity and facilitates transmission. This narrative review synthesizes the epidemiology, clinical implications, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies related to TB coinfections with viral pathogens including HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza, bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fungi such as Aspergillus and Candida species, and parasites. This review highlights that overlapping symptoms, immune system compromise, and socioeconomic barriers in LMICs lead to delayed diagnoses and suboptimal treatment outcomes, while also addressing the challenges of managing drug interactions particularly in HIV-TB coinfections and underscoring the need for integrated diagnostic approaches, improved treatment regimens, and strengthened healthcare systems, thereby consolidating current evidence to inform future research priorities and policy interventions aimed at reducing the overall burden of TB and its coinfections in resource-limited settings.}, }
@article {pmid40217329, year = {2025}, author = {Lin, ZZ and Cai, HW and Huang, YF and Zhou, LL and Yuan, ZY and He, LP and Li, J}, title = {Prevalence of depression among university students in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC psychology}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {373}, pmid = {40217329}, issn = {2050-7283}, support = {20241180013//National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Students/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; China/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Universities ; Prevalence ; *Depression/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Depression among university students in China represents a critical public health challenge, with emerging evidence suggesting exacerbated risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite prior regional studies, a comprehensive national analysis comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic-era prevalence, while accounting for profession-specific stressors, remains lacking. This study aims to quantify depression prevalence across Chinese universities, identify high-risk subgroups, and assess the pandemic's impact.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, CNKI, Wang-fang Database, and Web of Science. The articles were cross-sectional studies focusing on the prevalence of depression among university students in China, with clearly defined criteria for diagnosing depression included. MetaXL 5.3 was used to pool the outcomes and perform a meta-analysis, assessing the prevalence of depression among university students and influential factors such as the impact of COVID-19.<br><br>RESULTS: Data from 32 cross-sectional studies (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;93,679) on depression prevalence among students were analyzed. The prevalence estimates ranged from 12.1% to 77.1%, with a summary prevalence of 34.70% after meta-analytic pooling. Subgroup investigations based on major, sample size, geographical region, gender, and the influence of COVID-19 were conducted. Prior to the pandemic, student depression prevalence was 35.0% (95%CI, 26.9%-43.4%), which increased to 38.7% (95%CI, 33.6%-44.0%) during and after the pandemic.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This study underscores a substantial mental health burden among Chinese university students, intensified by pandemic-related disruptions. Medical students and those in high-stress regions warrant prioritized interventions. Systemic reforms in healthcare education and regionally tailored mental health policies are urgently needed. Longitudinal studies are critical to track post-pandemic recovery trajectories.<br><br>CRD42024502949.}, }
@article {pmid40216549, year = {2025}, author = {Mueller, HJ and Pennington, EL and Carr, AS and Barner, JC}, title = {Effectiveness of Telehealth for Disease Management During the Perinatal Period: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1089/tmj.2024.0501}, pmid = {40216549}, issn = {1556-3669}, abstract = {Introduction: Many perinatal services to manage chronic diseases transitioned to telehealth following the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study was conducted to review the literature and summarize the effectiveness of telehealth for diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), mental health (anxiety and depression), and opioid use disorder (OUD) management during the perinatal period postonset of COVID-19. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore databases were searched for articles published between 2020 and 2023 using keywords (COVID-19) and (maternal, maternity, obstetrics, perinatal, pregnancy) and (telemedicine, telehealth). Inclusion criteria were: intervention or change in practice with clinical results, postonset of COVID-19, English language, and addressed disease management (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, mental health, OUD) during pregnancy or postpartum. Exclusion criteria were: commentary, guideline, protocol, or review articles and perspectives. Results: The review included 24 articles, including 7 randomized controlled trials. Articles evaluated diabetes (N = 9), HDP (N = 4), mental health (N = 10), and OUD (N = 1). One-half (N = 12) were conducted in the United States and telehealth interventions (e.g., app, videoconferencing, audio visits) and clinical effectiveness varied by disease state. Most studies reported at least one positive outcome of telehealth (N = 19, 79.2%); however, some also reported negative outcomes (N = 8, 33.3%). Glycemic control was adequately achieved in most studies (N = 8, 88.9%), and the majority of studies (N = 3, 75%) reported positive or neutral results for the management of HDP. Various telehealth interventions resulted in lower anxiety and depression symptoms. Only one study examined OUD and reported negative outcomes. Conclusions: Telehealth offered effective management of diabetes, hypertension, anxiety, and depression in perinatal women and often improved patient outcomes during COVID-19. Therefore, telehealth should continue to be offered to perinatal women with these chronic conditions as appropriate for individual and clinical situations. More research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of telehealth interventions for OUD management.}, }
@article {pmid40215094, year = {2025}, author = {Xu, R and Jiang, J and Ding, L and Song, D and Chen, Y}, title = {Innovation of Ratiometric Sensing Strategies Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride.}, journal = {Critical reviews in analytical chemistry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-25}, doi = {10.1080/10408347.2025.2486213}, pmid = {40215094}, issn = {1547-6510}, abstract = {Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a π-conjugated semiconductor with visible-light absorption, has emerged as a versatile material for ratiometric sensing due to its thermal/chemical stability, biocompatibility, and tunable optoelectronic properties. This review highlights recent advances in g-C3N4-based ratiometric electrochemiluminescence (ECL), fluorescence (FL), and photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors for ultrasensitive detection of diverse analytes. Ratiometric ECL platforms achieved remarkable detection limits, such as 0.2 nM for Hg[2+] and 59 aM for SARS-CoV-2 RdRp gene, leveraging dual-potential or dual-wavelength strategies. FL sensors enabled selective quantification of analysts, such as Ce[3+] (6.4 × 10[-8 ]mol/L) and tetracycline (5.0 nM) via aggregation-induced emission or inner filter effect mechanisms. In PEC sensing, spatial-resolved dual-electrode systems attained ultrahigh sensitivity for Escherichia coli (0.66 cfu/mL) and alpha-fetoprotein (0.2 pg/mL). These g-C3N4-based sensors demonstrated enhanced sensitivity and reliability across environmental, biomedical, and food safety applications. The synergy of g-C3N4's structural advantages and ratiometric design principles demonstrates broad application prospects in fields such as food and environmental safety analysis, as well as early disease diagnosis.}, }
@article {pmid40214651, year = {2025}, author = {Akingbola, A and Adewole, O and Adegbesan, A and Peters, F and Odukoya, T and Aremu, O and Adeleke, O and Idris, A and Owolabi, A and Aiyenuro, A}, title = {From Wuhan to Omicron K.P2 strain: A comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny and public health implications of the latest booster vaccine.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {2485840}, doi = {10.1080/21645515.2025.2485840}, pmid = {40214651}, issn = {2164-554X}, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/immunology/classification ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/virology/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; Immunization, Secondary ; Phylogeny ; Public Health ; Mutation ; }, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to evolve, with the Omicron KP.2 variant, a descendant of BA.2.86, emerging as a public health concern due to its rapid spread and resistance to existing immunity. This review examines the phylogenetic evolution of SARS-CoV-2, focusing on KP.2 and its key mutations (R346T, F456L, V1104L), alongside its epidemiological implications. It also discusses the development and approval of the KP.2-adapted booster vaccine, shown in clinical trials to significantly enhance immune responses and protect against symptomatic and severe disease, particularly in vulnerable groups. Despite vaccine advancements, challenges in global distribution and inequity persist, especially in low- and middle-income countries, increasing the risk of vaccine-resistant variants. The manuscript underscores the importance of equitable access to the KP.2-adapted booster to control the pandemic and prevent future outbreaks, while highlighting the need for continuous surveillance and broader-spectrum vaccine research as the virus evolves.}, }
@article {pmid40214136, year = {2025}, author = {Baruah, A}, title = {A Paradigmatic Shift: Telehealth Counselling's Expansion and Challenges in India.}, journal = {Journal of evaluation in clinical practice}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {e70089}, doi = {10.1111/jep.70089}, pmid = {40214136}, issn = {1365-2753}, support = {//This study was supported by Christ University Delhi NCR./ ; }, mesh = {India/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Telemedicine/organization &amp; administration ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Counseling/organization &amp; administration/methods ; *Mental Health Services/organization &amp; administration ; Health Services Accessibility/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the rapid expansion and transformative impact of telehealth counselling in India, a trend significantly propelled by the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: This paper presents a perspective on the current telehealth landscape, synthesizing insights from an extensive literature review. The investigation integrates qualitative insights from health care practitioners and clients, allowing for a multifaceted understanding of the emerging obstacles linked to telehealth implementation. The synthesis is structured around several key concepts identified in the literature, including the efficacy of telehealth counselling services compared to traditional face-to-face interactions, the resilience of mental health services during crises, and the growing acceptance of digital modalities among patients. Additionally, it explores significant challenges such as disparities in technological access, the need for comprehensive regulatory frameworks, varying levels of patient receptivity, infrastructural limitations, and the readiness of health care professionals to adopt telehealth technologies.<br><br>RESULTS: By focusing on these areas, the paper elucidates the complex interplay of technical, regulatory, and cultural factors shaping the telehealth ecosystem in India. It advocates for urgent policy enhancements and the continuous integration of technology to effectively address these barriers.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This perspective underscores the potential for telehealth counselling to evolve into a permanent and essential component of India's mental health service delivery model, ultimately contributing to a more resilient and accessible health care system.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The conclusions drawn emphasize the necessity for targeted policy interventions and the establishment of robust technological infrastructures to foster a more inclusive and effective telehealth environment, ensuring mental health services reach all segments of the population.}, }
@article {pmid40213632, year = {2025}, author = {Dezawa, M}, title = {Macrophage- and pluripotent-like reparative Muse cells are unique endogenous stem cells distinct from other somatic stem cells.}, journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1553382}, pmid = {40213632}, issn = {2296-4185}, abstract = {Muse cells are endogenous reparative stem cells with dual characteristics: pluripotent-like and macrophage-like. They can be identified by the pluripotent surface marker stage-specific embryonic antigen-3-positive (SSEA-3 (+)) cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and various organs, including the umbilical cord and amnion. Muse cells can differentiate into ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal lineage cells, self-renew, and selectively migrate to damaged sites by sensing one of the universal tissue damage signals, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). At these sites, they phagocytose damaged/apoptotic cells and differentiate into the same cell type as the phagocytosed cells. In this manner, Muse cells replace damaged/apoptotic cells with healthy, functioning cells, thereby repairing tissues. Due to their specific immunosuppressive and immunotolerant mechanism, clinical trials have been conducted for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), subacute ischemic stroke, epidermolysis bullosa, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cervical spinal cord injury, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome. These trials involved the intravenous injection of ∼1.5 × 10[7] donor Muse cells without human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching or immunosuppressant treatment, and they demonstrated safety and therapeutic efficacy. Thus, donor Muse cell treatment does not require gene manipulation, differentiation induction, or surgical intervention. These unique characteristics distinguish Muse cells from other somatic stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, VSEL stem cells, and marrow-isolated adult multi-lineage inducible (MIAMI) cells.}, }
@article {pmid40212904, year = {2025}, author = {Schipper, AE and Sloane, CSM and Shimelis, LB and Kim, RT}, title = {Technological innovations in layperson CPR education - A scoping review.}, journal = {Resuscitation plus}, volume = {23}, number = {}, pages = {100924}, pmid = {40212904}, issn = {2666-5204}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rapid initiation of CPR is key for survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, making bystander CPR education a key part of the cardiac chain-of-survival. CPR classes continue to include new technologies that enable more widespread and high-fidelity training. We aimed to examine the landscape of technological innovations in layperson CPR training since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: We searched Cochrane, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science from database inception to July 2024 for studies. We included articles with layperson CPR classes that included a technological advance, either in the equipment or mode of delivery of education. We focused on studies published after the start of 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 1070 studies screened, 50 met the selection criteria. The primary groups of technology found were extended reality (20), feedback devices (11), asynchronous video instruction (10), tele-education (5), and low-cost CPR manikins (4). These technologies show promise to offer comparable or improved effectiveness compared to traditional options. Several topics may warrant further investigation, such as cognitive load associated with extended reality, the practicality of student-created CPR training devices, and possible interactive effects between technologies.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Future systematic reviews should evaluate the specific learning contexts for which these individual technologies, or combinations of these technologies, may be best suited to guide regulating bodies and CPR instructors in their pedagogical decisions.}, }
@article {pmid40212158, year = {2025}, author = {Abbas, AH and Haji, MR and Shimal, AA and Kurmasha, YH and Al-Janabi, AAH and Azeez, ZT and Al-Ali, ARS and Al-Najati, HMH and Al-Waeli, ARA and Abdulhadi, NASA and Al-Tuaama, AZH and Al-Ashtary, MM and Hussin, OA}, title = {A multidisciplinary review of long COVID to address the challenges in diagnosis and updated management guidelines.}, journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)}, volume = {87}, number = {4}, pages = {2105-2117}, pmid = {40212158}, issn = {2049-0801}, abstract = {Long COVID has emerged as a significant challenge since the COVID-19 pandemic, which was declared as an outbreak in March 2020, marked by diverse symptoms and prolonged duration of disease. Defined by the WHO as symptoms persisting or emerging for at least two months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection without an alternative cause, its prevalence varies globally, with estimates of 10-20% in Europe, 7.3% in the USA, and 3.0% in the UK. The condition's etiology remains unclear, involving factors, such as renin-angiotensin system overactivation, persistent viral reservoirs, immune dysregulation, and autoantibodies. Reactivated viruses, like EBV and HSV-6, alongside epigenetic alterations, exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction and energy imbalance. Emerging evidence links SARS-CoV-2 to chromatin and gut microbiome changes, further influencing long-term health impacts. Diagnosis of long COVID requires detailed systemic evaluation through medical history and physical examination. Management is highly individualized, focusing mainly on the patient's symptoms and affected systems. A multidisciplinary approach is essential, integrating diverse perspectives to address systemic manifestations, underlying mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies. Enhanced understanding of long COVID's pathophysiology and clinical features is critical to improving patient outcomes and quality of life. With a growing number of cases expected globally, advancing research and disseminating knowledge on long COVID remain vital for developing effective diagnostic and management frameworks, ultimately supporting better care for affected individuals.}, }
@article {pmid40212143, year = {2025}, author = {Nayak, SS and Amini-Salehi, E and Ulrich, MT and Sahli, Y and Fleischman, M and Patel, M and Naeiji, M and Maghsoodifar, H and Sadeghi Douki, SAH and Alotaibi, A and Faraji, N and Hassanipour, S and Hashemi, M and Keivanlou, MH}, title = {Exploring the evolution of evidence synthesis: a bibliometric analysis of umbrella reviews in medicine.}, journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)}, volume = {87}, number = {4}, pages = {2035-2048}, pmid = {40212143}, issn = {2049-0801}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Umbrella review studies have become increasingly vital in evidence synthesis, offering a comprehensive overview by analyzing multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This bibliometric study aimed to delineate the growth and thematic evolution of umbrella reviews within evidence-based medicine, illuminating their integral role in synthesizing high-level evidence.<br><br>METHODS: Utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection, we performed a search for publications on umbrella reviews, identifying relevant articles through a refined strategy. Analytical tools including VOS Viewer and CiteSpace were employed to visualize connections and trends among the gathered data, converting intricate bibliometric information into comprehensible visual maps.<br><br>RESULTS: Our search yielded 2965 pertinent publications, highlighting a marked growth in research output, particularly from 2010 to 2023. The United States, United Kingdom, and China were predominant in this field, with leading institutions like King's College London and the University of Toronto at the forefront. The analysis identified major journals such as BMJ Open and PLOS One as key publishers. Co-citation and keyword analysis revealed current research focuses, with recent trends emphasizing COVID-19 and mental health. The study also uncovered a robust international collaboration network, underscoring the global impact of umbrella reviews.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This bibliometric analysis confirms the expanding influence and utility of umbrella reviews in medical research and decision-making. By charting the evolution and current trends in this field, our study not only showcases the geographical and institutional distribution of research but also guides future scholarly efforts to advance evidence synthesis methodologies.}, }
@article {pmid40211768, year = {2025}, author = {Gao, J and Zhao, D and Nouri, HR and Chu, HW and Huang, H}, title = {Transcriptional Regulation of Mouse Mast Cell Differentiation and the Role of Human Lung Mast Cells in Airway Inflammation.}, journal = {Immunological reviews}, volume = {331}, number = {1}, pages = {e70026}, pmid = {40211768}, issn = {1600-065X}, support = {R01 AI083986/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01AI152504/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; U19 AI125357/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01AI107022/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI107022/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI150082/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01AI150082/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI152504/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R56 AI180204/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI161296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01AI161296/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01AI083986/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI182277/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U19AI125357/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Mast Cells/immunology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Mice ; *Lung/immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Inflammation/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {Mast cells (MCs) play a critical role in allergic inflammation, anaphylaxis, and chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma, COPD, and osteoarthritis. Dysregulated MC activation can lead to MC activation syndrome (MACS), which is observed in patients with long COVID. MCs express the high-affinity receptor for IgE and, upon activation, release mediators and cytokines that trigger anaphylactic shock and promote allergic inflammation. They also interact with epithelial and nerve cells, which are crucial in forming a complex network of cell-cell and gene-gene interactions driving chronic inflammation that can confer resistance to treatment. In this review, in the context of the literature, we focus on experiments conducted in our laboratory investigating how transcription factors and enhancers regulate genes critical in mouse MC differentiation and function related to human lung inflammation.}, }
@article {pmid40211538, year = {2025}, author = {Bhojnagarwala, PS and Jose, J and Zhao, S and Weiner, DB}, title = {DNA-based immunotherapy for cancer: In vivo approaches for recalcitrant targets.}, journal = {Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.04.008}, pmid = {40211538}, issn = {1525-0024}, abstract = {Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and complements traditional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies. Immunotherapy redirects the patient's immune system against tumors via several immune-mediated approaches. Over the past few years, therapeutic immunization, which enable the patient's T cells to better recognize and kill tumors, have been increasingly tested in the clinic, with several approaches demonstrating treatment improvements. There has been a renewed interest in cancer vaccines due to advances in tumor antigen identification, immune response optimization, novel adjuvants, next-generation vaccine delivery platforms, and antigen designs. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated progress in nucleic acid-based vaccine manufacturing, which spurred broader interest in mRNA or plasmid platforms. Enhanced DNA vaccine designs, including optimized leader sequences and RNA and codon optimizations, improved formulations, and delivery via adaptive electroporation using stereotactic intramuscular/intradermal methods have improved T cell responses to plasmid-delivered tumor antigens. Additionally, advancements for direct in vivo delivery of DNA-encoded monospecific/bispecific antibodies offer novel tumor-targeting strategies. This review summarizes the recent clinical data for therapeutic cancer vaccines utilizing the DNA platform, including vaccines targeting common tumor-associated and viral antigens and neoantigen vaccines using nucleic acid technologies. We also summarize preclinical data using DNA-launched monoclonal/bispecific antibodies, underscoring their potential as a novel cancer therapy tool.}, }
@article {pmid40210368, year = {2025}, author = {Verduzco-Gutierrez, M and Fleming, TK and Azola, AM}, title = {Considerations for Long COVID Rehabilitation in Women.}, journal = {Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, pages = {371-387}, doi = {10.1016/j.pmr.2024.11.009}, pmid = {40210368}, issn = {1558-1381}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/rehabilitation/epidemiology ; Female ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Sex Factors ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has given rise to long COVID, a prolonged manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, which presents with varied symptoms and conditions lasting beyond expected acute illness. Despite efforts, diagnostic and treatment approaches remain insufficient, particularly for women who experience higher prevalence rates. Rehabilitation professionals have played a crucial role during the pandemic. Individualized rehabilitation plans, encompassing various therapies and interdisciplinary collaborations, are essential. Addressing disparities and biological sex differences is paramount, requiring increased research, understanding, and advocacy for effective rehabilitative care tailored to all individuals affected by long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid40209971, year = {2025}, author = {Adiguzel, Y and Bogdanos, DP and Shoenfeld, Y}, title = {Molecular/antigenic mimicry and immunological cross-reactivity explains SARS-CoV-2-induced autoimmunity.}, journal = {Autoimmunity reviews}, volume = {24}, number = {7}, pages = {103811}, doi = {10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103811}, pmid = {40209971}, issn = {1873-0183}, abstract = {COVID-19 pandemic is over, but its effects on chronic illnesses remain a challenging issue. Understanding the influence of SARS-COV-2-mediated autoimmunity and overt autoimmune disease is of paramount importance, as it can provide a critical mass of information regarding both infection-mediated (and vaccination-induced) autoimmune phenomena in susceptible individuals during the disease course, and short or long-term post-disease sequelae. The high prevalence of organ and non-organ specific autoantibody positivity in patients with COVID-19 led to studies attempting to delineate the origin and the underlying mechanism responsible for their induction nature, identifying novel autoantigens, and the self-epitope sequences which could be the impetus for the initiating autoreactive responses. Herein, we provide a meticulous review of the studies reporting those mimicking sequences that have been experimentally validated, based on the assumption that molecular mimicry and immunological crossreactivity may account for autoantibody development. Most reports are based on bioinformatics approaches, and only a disproportionally small number of studies currently demonstrate immunological crossreactivity. We took the opportunity to further review and searched for the linear human epitope sequences of human, through the epitopes deposited at the Immune Epitope Database. This included an analysis of autoimmune disease as the disease data to comprehensively understand the subject matter. The critical overview of the findings underscore the urgent and immense need for further research to gain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved and the anticipated appraisal that molecular mimicry and immunological crossreactivity is indeed central to the loss of immunological tolerance during SARS-COV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid40208120, year = {2025}, author = {Fournier, L and Pérez-Rodriguez, F and Rohr, M and Buvelot, H and Vetter, P}, title = {[Measles: a persistent threat despite an effective vaccine].}, journal = {Revue medicale suisse}, volume = {21}, number = {913}, pages = {736-741}, doi = {10.53738/REVMED.2025.21.913.736}, pmid = {40208120}, issn = {1660-9379}, mesh = {Humans ; *Measles/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/diagnosis ; *Measles Vaccine/administration &amp; dosage ; COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Vaccination ; Immunocompromised Host ; Child ; }, abstract = {Measles is a highly transmissible viral disease. Following a decrease in vaccination rate between 2020 and 2023 due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a new surge of cases is observed worldwide. No direct antiviral is currently licensed against measles. Young children and immunocompromised individuals are the most at risk to develop complications. The best way to prevent transmission and complications is through vaccination. Public health measures are required to break transmission chains and protect the most fragile ones. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiology and the virological aspects of measles, to clarify the protection conferred by vaccination and to specify the key elements of diagnosis and management.}, }
@article {pmid40206484, year = {2025}, author = {Satyanarayanan, SK and Yip, TF and Han, Z and Zhu, H and Qin, D and Lee, SMY}, title = {Role of toll-like receptors in post-COVID-19 associated neurodegenerative disorders?.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1458281}, pmid = {40206484}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {In the intricate realm of interactions between hosts and pathogens, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which play a crucial role in the innate immune response, possess the ability to identify specific molecular signatures. This includes components originating from pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, as well as the resulting damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), the endogenous molecules released after cellular damage. A developing perspective suggests that TLRs play a central role in neuroinflammation, a fundamental factor in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (PD). This comprehensive review consolidates current research investigating the potential interplay between TLRs, their signaling mechanisms, and the processes of neurodegeneration following SARS-CoV-2 infection with an aim to elucidate the involvement of TLRs in the long-term neurological complications of COVID-19 and explore the potential of targeting TLRs as a means of implementing intervention strategies for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19-associated long-term brain outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40206469, year = {2025}, author = {Snopkowska Lesniak, SW and Maschio, D and Henriquez-Camacho, C and Moreno Cuerda, V}, title = {Biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A narrative review.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1563998}, pmid = {40206469}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 with devastating effects on health-care systems. The magnitude of the problem has moved physicians and investigators to identify strategies to detect patients at a high risk of severe disease. The aim of this study was to identify the most relevant biomarkers in the published literature and their correlation with clinical outcomes. To this end, we performed a revision of studies that investigated laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-19, comparing non-severe and severe patients. Blood biomarkers were classified into five main categories: hematological, coagulation related to the liver or kidney, and inflammatory. From our analysis, the most relevant biomarkers associated with severe infection for each category were increased levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; decreased platelet count; and high levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, creatine kinase, troponin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and IL-6. Moreover, lactate dehydrogenase and D-dimer levels were independent risk factors for death.}, }
@article {pmid40205144, year = {2025}, author = {Bonanni, P and Heo, JY and Honda, H and Lee, PI and Mouliom, A and Leong, HN and Del Pilar Martin Matos, M and Dawson, R}, title = {Optimal Timing of Vaccination: A Narrative Review of Integrating Strategies for COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.}, journal = {Infectious diseases and therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40205144}, issn = {2193-8229}, abstract = {Lower respiratory tract infections caused by SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause a significant disease burden globally, despite the availability of effective vaccines. Certain populations, such as older adults (≥ 60 years) and individuals of all ages with particular comorbidities, are at increased risk for severe outcomes, including hospitalization and death. National administration schedules for available vaccines against respiratory viruses are not unified, and not all current guidelines are clear and directive, concerning the optimal timing of vaccination. Herein, we formulate an evidence-based position regarding the optimal timing of COVID-19, influenza, and RSV vaccination for older adults and individuals with chronic comorbidities, based on a synthesis of the literature and current guidelines. Vaccination impact and timing were found to be influenced by vaccinee risk factors, including age and comorbidities, and waning vaccine effectiveness and seasonal pathogen burden. Because COVID-19, influenza, and RSV display unique seasonal patterns within and between regions, local epidemiological surveillance of each virus is crucial for determining optimal vaccination timing and guidelines. To maximize the benefits of these respiratory virus vaccines, the timing of peak vaccine effectiveness and period of greatest risk for severe outcomes should be aligned. Thus, COVID-19, influenza, and other recommended vaccines given ahead of the start of the respiratory virus season (or other regionally appropriate time) and co-administered at a single, routine visit represent the optimal approach to protecting at-risk populations. More data will be required to establish the clinical benefit of additional RSV vaccine doses and whether these may be integrated within a seasonal schedule. Coordinated policy decisions that align with strain selection for new and annually reformulated vaccines would enable the timely raising of public health awareness, ultimately leading to enhanced vaccine uptake. Implementation strategies will require engagement of healthcare providers and strong, evidence-based public health recommendations for integrated vaccine schedules.}, }
@article {pmid40205087, year = {2025}, author = {Cao, Q and Zhang, N and Leng, C and Wang, S and Ma, J}, title = {Emerging Viral Infections (ZIKV, SARS-CoV-2, and MPXV) and Depression: Ketamine and (S, R)-Ketamine as Promising Antidepressants.}, journal = {Reviews in medical virology}, volume = {35}, number = {3}, pages = {e70036}, doi = {10.1002/rmv.70036}, pmid = {40205087}, issn = {1099-1654}, mesh = {Humans ; *Ketamine/therapeutic use/chemistry ; *Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/psychology/complications/virology ; *Depression/drug therapy/virology/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; }, abstract = {Emerging viral pathogens, newly reported or rapidly evolving viruses, are a significant public health concern worldwide. Beyond their characteristic clinical presentations, emerging viruses, such as monkeypox virus (MPXV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been increasingly implicated in the development of various neuropsychiatric complications including depression, mainly due to their ability to induce neuroinflammation, immune dysfunction, and neurotransmitter imbalances. Depression is a common mental health condition characterised by continuous low mood or sadness, pessimism, anxiety, and even a tendency to suicide as the main symptoms. Post viral depression commonly shows significant challenges, as traditional antidepressant agents exhibit suboptimal efficacy and prolonged onset of action. Regarding this, ketamine and its enantiomers, S-ketamine and R-ketamine, have recently received increasing attention as potential options in light of their potent and effective antidepressant properties. The present review describes the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of depression associated with emerging viruses, highlighting the role of neuroinflammation and disturbances inneurotransmitter systems. It also discusses the antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine and its enantiomers, the current clinical evidence demonstrating their effectiveness and safety, especially in the case of treatment-resistant depression, and their growing relevance for mood complications linked to emerging viral infections, including depression. Although preliminary reports propose effectiveness, additional studies are needed to present optimal treatment strategies, long-term safety, and incorporation into clinical practice. Addressing these challenges will be critical for optimising the effectiveness of ketamine- and (S, R)-ketamine-containing therapeutic protocols in treating depression linked to emerging viral infections.}, }
@article {pmid40204184, year = {2025}, author = {Higgins, DM and Bryan, MA and O'Leary, ST and Opel, DJ}, title = {The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parental Childhood Vaccine Attitudes in the US.}, journal = {Academic pediatrics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {102829}, doi = {10.1016/j.acap.2025.102829}, pmid = {40204184}, issn = {1876-2867}, }
@article {pmid40203968, year = {2025}, author = {Fuster-Casanovas, A and Melero, SM and Cabutto, D and Carrion, C and Vidal-Alaball, J and Herrera-Ramos, E and Barcons, C and Duarte-Díaz, A}, title = {Exploring digital health tools for depression management in primary health care: Systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {381}, number = {}, pages = {494-506}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.187}, pmid = {40203968}, issn = {1573-2517}, mesh = {Humans ; Primary Health Care ; *Telemedicine ; *Depression/therapy ; COVID-19/psychology ; Mobile Applications ; Digital Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Digital health tools are transforming mental health care, particularly in treating depression, which affects 5 % of the global population and is projected to be the top disease burden by 2030. In primary care, these tools improve accessibility and efficacy, addressing rising mental health demands, especially post-COVID-19.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of digital health tools for the management of depression within primary care.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, focusing on digital health tools for reducing depressive symptoms. Controlled trials were included, with RCTs assessed via the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and non-RCTs evaluated using the JBI checklist for quasi-experimental studies. Depressive symptom reduction was the primary outcome.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 29 controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, identifying were web-based platforms, mobile apps, phone calls, text messages, and decision algorithms. The meta-analysis revealed that digital health tools had a significant effect on depressive symptoms (g&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.22, 95&#xa0;% CI: -0.37; -0.06, I[2]&#xa0;=&#xa0;79.64&#xa0;%). At 6 to 12-month follow-up, the random effects meta-analysis showed that digital health tools had a significant effect on depressive symptoms (g&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.19, 95%CI: -0.29; -0.09, I[2]&#xa0;=&#xa0;53.42&#xa0;%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Digital health tools are effective in reducing the symptoms of repression. Symptom severity does not predict suitability for digital treatment, emphasizing the need for gender-sensitive approaches and strategies for older adults. Integrating digital interventions into clinical guidelines requires studies like this to support their adoption in real-world practice.}, }
@article {pmid40203050, year = {2025}, author = {Li, Y and Hu, Y and Zhang, Y and Cheng, K and Zhang, C and Wang, J}, title = {Advances in Subacute Thyroiditis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapies.}, journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology}, volume = {39}, number = {7}, pages = {e70525}, doi = {10.1096/fj.202403264R}, pmid = {40203050}, issn = {1530-6860}, support = {YDZJ202501ZYTS133//the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province/ ; 2024SCZ90//the Health Talent Project of Jilin Province department of Finance/ ; 2024B12//Bethune Project of Jilin Unversity/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Thyroiditis, Subacute/diagnosis/therapy/etiology/drug therapy ; *COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory thyroid disease that is often associated with viral infections. In particular, SARS-COV-2 and its vaccine were found to cause SAT during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. However, the pathogenesis, clinical features, and processes still need further profiling. Recently, there are new findings and understanding about the pathogenic mechanisms of SAT. Some HLA genes have been shown to increase the risk of SAT development, and inflammatory cytokine storms could promote the progression of SAT. Some new diagnostic criteria for SAT have been proposed to facilitate clinicians' diagnosis of SAT when facing atypical symptoms in a manner of rapidity and accuracy. Plus, new treatments for SAT with herbal medicines have been proposed recently as an addition to the conventional steroidal drugs and NSAIDs. This review will provide a summary of these recent progresses of SAT on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapies with emphasis on the role of a variety of virus pathogens, including the COVID-19 virus.}, }
@article {pmid40202690, year = {2025}, author = {Wu, Q and Han, J and Yan, Y and Kuo, YH and Shen, ZM}, title = {Reinforcement learning for healthcare operations management: methodological framework, recent developments, and future research directions.}, journal = {Health care management science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40202690}, issn = {1572-9389}, support = {21222881//Health Bureau/ ; 27200419//University Grants Committee/ ; }, abstract = {With the advancement in computing power and data science techniques, reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful tool for decision-making problems in complex systems. In recent years, the research on RL for healthcare operations has grown rapidly. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, RL has played a critical role in optimizing decisions with greater degrees of uncertainty. RL for healthcare applications has been an exciting topic across multiple disciplines, including operations research, operations management, healthcare systems engineering, and data science. This review paper first provides a tutorial on the overall framework of RL, including its key components, training models, and approximators. Then, we present the recent advances of RL in the domain of healthcare operations management (HOM) and analyze the current trends. Our paper concludes by presenting existing challenges and future directions for RL in HOM.}, }
@article {pmid40202004, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, Z and Du, B and Wu, X and Hu, X and Diao, S and Dong, R}, title = {[Research progress on the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and novel coronavirus infection-related acute respiratory distress syndrome].}, journal = {Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue}, volume = {37}, number = {3}, pages = {300-304}, doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20241126-00957}, pmid = {40202004}, issn = {2095-4352}, mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/metabolism/virology/etiology ; COVID-19 ; *Mitochondrial Dynamics ; *Mitochondria/metabolism ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism ; Dynamins ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Patients with severe pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus infection are often complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has a high mortality. ARDS is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, pulmonary edema, and hypoxemia. Mitochondria are prone to morphological and functional abnormalities under hypoxia and viral infection, which can lead to cell apoptosis and damage, severely impacting the disease progression. Mitochondria maintain homeostasis through fission and fusion. In ARDS, hypoxia leads to the phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), triggering excessive mitochondrial fission and damaging the alveolar epithelial barrier. Animal experiments have shown that inhibiting this process can alleviate lung injury, providing a potential direction for treatment. The pathology of novel coronavirus infection-related ARDS is similar to that of typical ARDS but more severe. Viral infection and hypoxia disrupt the mitochondrial balance, causing fission and autophagy abnormalities, promoting oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, activating inflammasomes, inducing the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), exacerbating viral infection, inflammation, and coagulation reactions, and resulting in multiple organ damage. Mechanical ventilation and glucocorticoids are commonly used in the treatment of novel coronavirus infection-related ARDS. Mechanical ventilation is likely to cause lung and diaphragm injuries and changes in mitochondrial dynamics, while the lung protective ventilation strategy can reduce the adverse effects. Glucocorticoids can regulate mitochondrial function and immune response and improve the patient's condition through multiple pathways. The mitochondrial dynamics imbalance in novel coronavirus infection-related ARDS is caused by hypoxia and viral proteins, leading to lung and multiple organ injuries. To clarify the pathophysiological mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics imbalance in novel coronavirus infection-related ARDS and explore effective strategies for regulating mitochondrial dynamics balance to treat this disease, so as to provide new treatment targets and methods for patients with novel coronavirus infection-related ARDS. The existing treatments have limitations. Future research needs to deeply study the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction, develop new therapies and regulatory strategies, and improve the treatment effect.}, }
@article {pmid40201990, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, J and Li, Y and Li, H and Zhou, J}, title = {[Acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by severe respiratory infectious diseases: clinical significance and solution of maintaining artificial airway closure].}, journal = {Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue}, volume = {37}, number = {3}, pages = {221-224}, doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20240506-00404}, pmid = {40201990}, issn = {2095-4352}, mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy/etiology ; *Respiration, Artificial ; Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury/prevention &amp; control ; *Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; COVID-19 ; Clinical Relevance ; }, abstract = {Since the beginning of the 21st century, the severe respiratory infectious diseases worldwide [such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), influenza A H1N1 and novel coronavirus infection have attracted wide attention from all walks of life due to their superior pathogenicity and transmissibility. Aerosols-carrying pathogens are the main transmission route of many severe respiratory infectious diseases, which can lead to severe respiratory failure and even acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in infected individuals. Mechanical ventilation is the primary treatment for ARDS, and the small tidal volume, appropriate level of positive end-expiratory pressure based lung protective ventilation strategy can effectively reduce the incidence of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). However, in the process of clinical treatment, it is sometimes necessary to briefly disconnect the connection between the artificial airway and the ventilator circuit, which will not only cause the residual aerosol in the respiratory system to spill out and pollute the surrounding environment, increase the risk of nosocomial infection including medical staff, but also interfere with the implementation of lung protective ventilation strategy and aggravate ventilator-induced lung injury. In addition, studies have shown that a lot of medical staff have nosocomial infections, especially staff involved in tracheal intubation, extubation and other airway related operations. In addition to enhancing personal protective measures, it is crucial to safeguard healthcare workers from aerosol contamination and minimize associated risks during airway management. At present, there are few researches on the temporary sealing of airway lines and ventilator system, and there is a lack of clear guidance. This review summarizes the research status in related fields to provide a reference for corresponding solutions and programs.}, }
@article {pmid40199308, year = {2024}, author = {Bona, JP}, title = {Knowledge Representation and Management in the Age of Long Covid and Large Language Models: a 2022-2023 Survey.}, journal = {Yearbook of medical informatics}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, pages = {216-222}, pmid = {40199308}, issn = {2364-0502}, mesh = {Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence ; COVID-19 ; *Large Language Models ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To select, present, and summarize cutting edge work in the field of Knowledge Representation and Management (KRM) published in 2022 and 2023.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive set of KRM-relevant articles published in 2022 and 2023 was retrieved by querying PubMed. Topic modeling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used to further refine this query and suggest areas of focus. Selected articles were chosen based on a review of their title and abstract.<br><br>RESULTS: An initial set of 8,706 publications were retrieved from PubMed. From these, fifteen papers were ultimately selected matching one of two main themes: KRM for long COVID, and KRM approaches used in combination with generative large language models.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This survey shows the ongoing development and versatility of KRM approaches, both to improve our understanding of a global health crisis and to augment and evaluate cutting edge technologies from other areas of artificial intelligence.}, }
@article {pmid40199042, year = {2025}, author = {Baaden, M and Glowacki, DR}, title = {Virtual reality in drug design: Benefits, applications and industrial perspectives.}, journal = {Current opinion in structural biology}, volume = {92}, number = {}, pages = {103044}, doi = {10.1016/j.sbi.2025.103044}, pmid = {40199042}, issn = {1879-033X}, abstract = {Virtual reality (VR) is a tool which has transformative potential in domains which involve the visualization of complex 3D data such as structure-based drug design (SBDD), where it offers new ways to visualize and manipulate complex molecular structures in three dimensions, and enable intuitive exploration of protein-ligand complexes. In this article, we outline three levels of interaction which are available in immersive VR environments for drug discovery, and provide illustrative case studies with applications in COVID-19 research and protein-ligand docking. We discuss VR's role in drug discovery based on conversations with experts from the pharmaceutical industry. While industry experts are mostly optimistic about the potential of VR, they point to the challenges related to integration with existing workflows and the need for improved hardware ergonomics, as well as ensuring a synergistic relationship between VR and an expanding suite of artificial intelligence (AI) tools.}, }
@article {pmid40198822, year = {2025}, author = {O'Connor, H and DiSalvo, M and Gersten, M and Boyden, S and Uchida, M}, title = {Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Child Development: A Systematic Review &amp; Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {e227-e239}, doi = {10.1097/DBP.0000000000001352}, pmid = {40198822}, issn = {1536-7312}, support = {1K23MH122667-01//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Child Development/physiology ; *Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology/etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Infant ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on early childhood development and identify areas of interest surrounding development.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed to identify articles examining how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected early childhood development, and a meta-analysis was conducted from the results of those articles to examine the degree of the impact of the pandemic on the areas of childhood development.<br><br>RESULTS: Ten articles from 6 countries were identified that met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. The multivariate meta-analysis showed no significant difference in overall development (pooled Cohen's d = 0.28, 95% CI, -0.33 to 0.88; p = 0.18) or odds for developmental delay (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.44, 95% CI, 0.77 to 2.67; p = 0.20) between pre-COVID-19 development and COVID-19 development. However, there was significantly more impairment (d = 0.46, p = 0.003) and greater odds (72%; OR = 1.72, p = 0.01) for developmental delay in the language and communication domain for COVID-19 children versus pre-COVID-19 children.<br><br>CONCLUSION: While exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic was not associated with global developmental delays, it had a significant impact on child development regarding language and communication. Further research monitoring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic is necessary, and parents and communities should focus on increasing early intervention and enriched curriculum to offset these delays.}, }
@article {pmid40198477, year = {2025}, author = {Allela, OQB and Ali, NAM and Sanghvi, G and Roopashree, R and Kashyap, A and Krithiga, T and Panigrahi, R and Kubaev, A and Kareem, RA and Sameer, HN and Yaseen, A and Athab, ZH and Adil, M}, title = {The Role of Viral Infections in Acute Kidney Injury and Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy.}, journal = {Stem cell reviews and reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40198477}, issn = {2629-3277}, abstract = {Viruses may cause a wide range of renal problems. Furthermore, many kidney diseases may be brought on by viral infections. Both the primary cause and a contributing factor of acute kidney injury (AKI) may be viral infections. As an example, it is recommended that patients with dengue virus (DENV) infections undergo careful monitoring of their AKI levels. Also, researchers' data so far lend credence to the several hypothesized pathophysiological mechanisms via which AKI can develop in SARS-CoV- 2 infection. Thus, it is critical to comprehend how viral infections cause AKI. Finding an effective method of treating AKI caused by viruses is also vital. Thus, a potential cell-free method for treating AKI that uses regenerative and anti-inflammatory processes is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes (MSC-EXOs). MSCs alleviate tissue damage and enhance protective effects on damaged kidneys in AKI. Furthermore, MSC-EXOs have exhibited substantial regulatory impact on a range of immune cells and exhibit robust immune regulation in the therapy of AKI. Thus, in models of AKI caused by ischemia-reperfusion damage, nephrotoxins, or sepsis, MSCs and MSC-EXOs improved renal function, decreased inflammation, and improved healing. Therefore, MSCs and MSC-EXOs may help treat AKI caused by different viruses. Consequently, we have explored several innovative and significant processes in this work that pertain to the role of viruses in AKI and the significance of viral illness in the onset of AKI. After that, we assessed the key aspects of MSCs and MSC-EXOs for AKI therapy. We have concluded by outlining the current state of and plans for future research into MSC- and EXO-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of AKI brought on by viruses.}, }
@article {pmid40197228, year = {2025}, author = {Noma, K and Asano, T and Taniguchi, M and Ashihara, K and Okada, S}, title = {Anti-cytokine autoantibodies in human susceptibility to infectious diseases: insights from Inborn errors of immunity.}, journal = {Immunological medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-17}, doi = {10.1080/25785826.2025.2488553}, pmid = {40197228}, issn = {2578-5826}, abstract = {The study of Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEIs) is critical for understanding the complex mechanisms of the human immune response to infectious diseases. Specific IEIs, characterized by selective susceptibility to certain pathogens, have enhanced our understanding of the key molecular pathways and cellular subsets involved in host defense against pathogens. These insights revealed that patients with anti-cytokine autoantibodies exhibit phenotypes similar to those with pathogenic mutations in genes encoding signaling molecules. This new disease concept is currently categorized as 'Phenocopies of IEI'. This category includes anti-cytokine autoantibodies targeting IL-17/IL-22, IFN-γ, IL-6, GM-CSF, and type I IFNs. Abundant anti-cytokine autoantibodies deplete corresponding cytokines, impair signaling pathways, and increase susceptibility to specific pathogens. We herein demonstrate the clinical and etiological significance of anti-cytokine autoantibodies in human immunity to pathogens. Insights from studies of rare IEIs underscore the pathological importance of cytokine-targeting autoantibodies. Simultaneously, the diverse clinical phenotype of patients with these autoantibodies suggests that the influences of cytokine dysfunction are broader than previously recognized. Furthermore, comprehensive studies prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the substantial clinical impact of autoantibodies and their potential role in shaping the outcomes of infectious disease.}, }
@article {pmid40197159, year = {2025}, author = {Alizon, S and Sofonea, MT}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, kinetics, and evolution: A narrative review.}, journal = {Virulence}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {2480633}, pmid = {40197159}, issn = {2150-5608}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/pathogenicity ; Pandemics ; Evolution, Molecular ; }, abstract = {Since winter 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has emerged, spread, and evolved all around the globe. We explore 4 y of evolutionary epidemiology of this virus, ranging from the applied public health challenges to the more conceptual evolutionary biology perspectives. Through this review, we first present the spread and lethality of the infections it causes, starting from its emergence in Wuhan (China) from the initial epidemics all around the world, compare the virus to other betacoronaviruses, focus on its airborne transmission, compare containment strategies ("zero-COVID" vs. "herd immunity"), explain its phylogeographical tracking, underline the importance of natural selection on the epidemics, mention its within-host population dynamics. Finally, we discuss how the pandemic has transformed (or should transform) the surveillance and prevention of viral respiratory infections and identify perspectives for the research on epidemiology of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40197126, year = {2025}, author = {Klingl, YE and Petrauskas, A and Jaślan, D and Grimm, C}, title = {TPCs: FROM PLANT TO HUMAN.}, journal = {Physiological reviews}, volume = {105}, number = {3}, pages = {1695-1732}, doi = {10.1152/physrev.00044.2024}, pmid = {40197126}, issn = {1522-1210}, support = {DFG GR4315/6-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; DFG GR4315/7-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; SFB1328 A21//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; TRR152 P04//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; GRK2338 P08//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Calcium Channels/metabolism/genetics ; COVID-19/metabolism ; NADP/analogs &amp; derivatives/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Calcium/metabolism ; }, abstract = {In 2005, the Arabidopsis thaliana two-pore channel TPC1 channel was identified as a vacuolar Ca[2+]-release channel. In 2009, three independent groups published studies on mammalian TPCs as nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP)-activated endolysosomal Ca[2+] release channels, results that were eventually challenged by two other groups, claiming mammalian TPCs to be phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2]-activated Na[+] channels. By now this dispute seems to have been largely reconciled. Lipophilic small molecule agonists of TPC2, mimicking either the NAADP or the PI(3,5)P2 mode of channel activation, revealed, together with structural evidence, that TPC2 can change its selectivity for Ca[2+] versus Na[+] in a ligand-dependent fashion (N- vs. P-type activation). Furthermore, the NAADP-binding proteins Jupiter microtubule-associated homolog 2 protein (JPT2) and Lsm12 were discovered, corroborating the hypothesis that NAADP activation of TPCs only works in the presence of these auxiliary NAADP-binding proteins. Pathophysiologically, loss or gain of function of TPCs has effects on autophagy, exocytosis, endocytosis, and intracellular trafficking, e.g., LDL cholesterol trafficking leading to fatty liver disease or viral and bacterial toxin trafficking, corroborating the roles of TPCs in infectious diseases such as Ebola or COVID-19. Defects in the trafficking of epidermal growth factor receptor and β1-integrin suggested roles in cancer. In neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease models, P-type activation of TPC2 was found to have beneficial effects on both in vitro and in vivo hallmarks of Niemann-Pick disease type C1, Batten disease, and mucolipidosis type IV. Here, we cover the latest on the structure, function, physiology, and pathophysiology of these channels with a focus initially on plants followed by mammalian TPCs, and we discuss their potential as drug targets, including currently available pharmacology.}, }
@article {pmid40196380, year = {2025}, author = {Safi, D and Khouri, F and Zareef, R and Arabi, M}, title = {Antivirals in COVID-19: A Focus on Pediatric Cardiac Patients.}, journal = {The Canadian journal of infectious diseases &amp; medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale}, volume = {2025}, number = {}, pages = {4573096}, pmid = {40196380}, issn = {1712-9532}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented public health crisis, driven by its rapid global spread and the urgent need for worldwide collaborative interventions to contain it. This urgency spurred the search for therapeutic agents to prevent or manage the infection. Among these, various types of antivirals emerged as a prominent treatment option, supported by a wealth of observational studies and randomized controlled trials. The results from such studies conflict, with some concluding efficacy and others the lack thereof, with variability also occurring depending on the severity of COVID-19 in the studied population. In addition, many agents have been explored using randomized controlled trials-the gold standard in evaluating the efficacy of an intervention-to only a limited degree, with most of the evidence behind their use concluded using observational studies. Thus, the sheer volume of data has made it challenging to resolve inconsistencies and determine true efficacy. Furthermore, there is a paucity in the literature regarding the use of antivirals in the pediatric population infected with COVID-19, with their use being extrapolated from the results of studies done on adult patients. As such, additional trials are needed to solidify the effectiveness of antivirals in managing COVID-19, particularly in the underexplored and especially vulnerable pediatric cardiac patients. Therefore, utilizing the results from randomized controlled trials, this narrative review evaluates the rationale behind the use of antivirals, summarizes the findings from the literature, and concludes with a focused discussion on their application in pediatric cardiac patients.}, }
@article {pmid40195851, year = {2025}, author = {Chung, J and Pierce, J and Franklin, C and Olson, RM and Morrison, AR and Amos-Landgraf, J}, title = {Translating animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection to vascular, neurological and gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19.}, journal = {Disease models &amp; mechanisms}, volume = {18}, number = {9}, pages = {}, pmid = {40195851}, issn = {1754-8411}, support = {IK2BX002527//U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs/ ; I01 CX002231/CX/CSRD VA/United States ; R01 HL163005/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; T32 OD011126/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; P20 GM103652/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; T32OD011126//NIH Office of the Director/ ; R01 HL139795/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; U42 OD010918/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; IK2 BX002527/BX/BLRD VA/United States ; U42OD010918//Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; }, mesh = {*COVID-19/complications/pathology/virology ; Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; *Gastrointestinal Diseases/virology/etiology/pathology ; Humans ; *Nervous System Diseases/virology/etiology/pathology ; *Vascular Diseases/virology/etiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology/virology ; *Translational Research, Biomedical ; }, abstract = {Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) initiated a global pandemic resulting in an estimated 775 million infections with over 7 million deaths, it has become evident that COVID-19 is not solely a pulmonary disease. Emerging evidence has shown that, in a subset of patients, certain symptoms - including chest pain, stroke, anosmia, dysgeusia, diarrhea and abdominal pain - all indicate a role of vascular, neurological and gastrointestinal (GI) pathology in the disease process. Many of these disease processes persist long after the acute disease has been resolved, resulting in 'long COVID' or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). The molecular mechanisms underlying the acute and systemic conditions associated with COVID-19 remain incompletely defined. Appropriate animal models provide a method of understanding underlying disease mechanisms at the system level through the study of disease progression, tissue pathology, immune system response to the pathogen and behavioral responses. However, very few studies have addressed PASC and whether existing models hold promise for studying this challenging problem. Here, we review the current literature on cardiovascular, neurological and GI pathobiology caused by COVID-19 in patients, along with established animal models of the acute disease manifestations and their prospects for use in PASC studies. Our aim is to provide guidance for the selection of appropriate models in order to recapitulate certain aspects of the disease to enhance the translatability of mechanistic studies.}, }
@article {pmid40195015, year = {2025}, author = {Zubair, A and Ahmad, H and Arif, MM and Ali, M}, title = {mRNA vaccines against HIV: Hopes and challenges.}, journal = {HIV medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/hiv.70024}, pmid = {40195015}, issn = {1468-1293}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the introduction of the first licensed mRNA-based vaccines against COVID-19, there has been significant interest in leveraging this technology for other vaccines. An unprecedented surge of mRNA vaccines has emerged in preclinical, clinical, and various research phases since 2020. The rapid development of mRNA formulations, delivery methods, and manufacturing processes has made this trend foreseeable. There is an urgent demand for effective and easily transportable vaccines in regions where the virus is prevalent, and mRNA technology shows promise in addressing this need.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: The data was retrieved from various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, ClinicalTrials.gov, and government websites. The following terms were used in the search strategies: HIV, vaccines, mRNA vaccines, clinical trials, and preclinical trials. A total of 35 articles were identified and subsequently screened for data regarding mRNA vaccines for HIV.<br><br>RESULTS: mRNA vaccines are an effective solution for HIV treatment, as demonstrated by various research studies referenced in the article.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review evaluates the current state of HIV-1 mRNA vaccine development, clarifies various targeting strategies, highlights recent research findings, and provides insights into the challenges and potential solutions associated with these issues. In this review, we have explored mRNA vaccines, focusing on their functional structure, design, manufacturing, and distribution methodologies.}, }
@article {pmid40194536, year = {2025}, author = {Bejon, P and Agweyu, A and Ochola-Oyier, LI and Hamaluba, M and Kamuya, D and Kinyanjui, S and Barasa, E}, title = {Rethinking the evidence on COVID-19 in Africa.}, journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00071-4}, pmid = {40194536}, issn = {1474-4457}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic was predicted to cause substantial mortality in Africa. However, some countries in Africa had a striking absence of overwhelmed hospitals and low reported mortality. The marked contrast with the overwhelmed hospitals and high mortality seen in Europe and other high-income settings was regarded as puzzling and a paradox. In this Review, we reflect on possible explanations for the paradox with particular reference to observations made on the ground in Kenya. The evidence is inconsistent with reduced viral transmission or poor surveillance as primary explanations for the discrepancy. Population age structure is an important but incomplete explanation of the epidemiology. Due to the high prevalence of asymptomatic infection, low mortality, and evidence of reduced inflammatory responses, we hypothesise that some populations in Africa might have reduced susceptibility to symptomatic COVID-19. The reduced inflammatory responses might result from immunoregulation or cross-reactive, pre-pandemic cellular immunity, although the evidence is not definitive. Local data are essential to develop public health policies that align with the reality on the ground rather than external perceptions.}, }
@article {pmid40194268, year = {2025}, author = {Jeremic, D and Navarro-Lopez, JD and Jimenez-Diaz, L}, title = {Clinical Benefits and Risks of Antiamyloid Antibodies in Sporadic Alzheimer Disease: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis With a Web Application.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e68454}, pmid = {40194268}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {Humans ; *Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Bayes Theorem ; *Internet ; Risk Assessment ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing approval of antiamyloid antibodies for Alzheimer disease (AD), their clinical relevance and risk-benefit profile remain uncertain. The heterogeneity of AD and the limited availability of long-term clinical data make it difficult to establish a clear rationale for selecting one treatment over another.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of antiamyloid antibodies through an interactive online meta-analytic approach by performing conventional pair-wise meta-analyses and frequentist and Bayesian network meta-analyses of phase II and III clinical trial results. To achieve this, we developed AlzMeta.app 2.0, a freely accessible web application that enables researchers and clinicians to evaluate the relative and absolute risks and benefits of these therapies in real time, incorporating different prior choices and assumptions of baseline risks of disease progression and adverse events.<br><br>METHODS: We adhered to PRISMA-NMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for reporting of systematic reviews with network meta-analysis) and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) guidelines for reporting and rating the certainty of evidence. Clinical trial reports (until September 30, 2024) were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinical trial databases (including ClinicalTrials.gov). Studies with <20 sporadic AD patients and a modified Jadad score <3 were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed with the RoB-2 tool. Relative risks and benefits have been expressed as risk ratios and standardized mean differences, with confidence, credible, and prediction intervals calculated for all outcomes. For significant results, the intervention effects were ranked in frequentist and Bayesian frameworks, and their clinical relevance was determined by the absolute risk per 1000 people and number needed to treat (NNT) for a wide range of control responses.<br><br>RESULTS: Among 7 treatments tested in 21,236 patients (26 studies with low risk of bias or with some concerns), donanemab was the best-ranked treatment on cognitive and functional measures, and it was almost 2 times more effective than aducanumab and lecanemab and significantly more beneficial than other treatments on the global (cognitive and functional) Clinical Dementia Rating Scale-Sum of Boxes (NNT=10, 95% CI 8-16). Special caution is required regarding cerebral edema and microbleeding due to the clinically relevant risks of edema for donanemab (NNT=8, 95% CI 5-16), aducanumab (NNT=10, 95% CI 6-17), and lecanemab (NNT=14, 95% CI 7-31), which may outweigh the benefits.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that donanemab is more effective and has a safety profile similar to aducanumab and lecanemab, highlighting the need for treatment options with improved safety. Potential bias may have been introduced in the included trials due to unblinding caused by frequent cerebral edema and microbleeds, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40194267, year = {2025}, author = {Bakhti, R and Daler, H and Ogunro, H and Hope, S and Hargreaves, D and Nicholls, D}, title = {Exploring Engagement With and Effectiveness of Digital Mental Health Interventions in Young People of Different Ethnicities: Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e68544}, pmid = {40194267}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {Adolescent ; Humans ; Young Adult ; COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Mental Disorders/therapy/ethnology ; *Mental Health ; *Mental Health Services ; Telemedicine ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of mental health difficulties among young people has risen in recent years, with 75% of mental disorders emerging before the age of 24 years. The identification and treatment of mental health issues earlier in life improves later-life outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic spurred the growth of digital mental health interventions (DMHIs), which offer accessible support. However, young people of different ethnicities face barriers to DMHIs, such as socioeconomic disadvantage and cultural stigma.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to summarize and evaluate the engagement with and effectiveness of DMHIs among young people of different ethnicities.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO for studies published between January 2019 and May 2024, with an update in September 2024. The inclusion criteria were participants aged <25 years using DMHIs from various ethnic backgrounds. Three reviewers independently screened and selected the studies. Data on engagement (eg, use and uptake) and effectiveness (eg, clinical outcomes and symptom improvement) were extracted and synthesized to compare findings. Studies were assessed for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.<br><br>RESULTS: The final search yielded 67 studies, of which 7 (10%) met inclusion criteria. There were 1853 participants across the 7 studies, all from high-income countries. Participants were predominantly aged 12 to 25 years, with representation of diverse ethnic identities, including Black, Asian, Hispanic, mixed race, and Aboriginal individuals. Engagement outcomes varied, with culturally relatable, low-cost interventions showing higher retention and user satisfaction. Linguistic barriers and country of origin impeded the effectiveness of some interventions, while near-peer mentorship, coproduction, and tailored content improved the effectiveness of DMHIs. While initial results are promising, small sample sizes, heterogeneity in outcome assessments, and a paucity of longitudinal data impeded robust comparisons and generalizability.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: DMHIs show potential as engaging and effective mental health promotional tools for young people of different ethnicities, especially when coproduced and culturally relatable. Initial data suggest that interventions facilitating near-peer mentoring, linguistic adaptation, low cost, and cultural relatability have improved engagement and effectiveness. Future research should focus on developing a consensus definition of DMHIs, exploring DMHIs in children aged <12 years, and conducting detailed qualitative and quantitative research on use factors and treatment efficacy of DMHIs for young people of different ethnicities.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42024544364; https://tinyurl.com/yk5jt8yk.}, }
@article {pmid40193038, year = {2025}, author = {Sadowski, J and Ostrowska, SA and Klaudel, T and Zaborska, M and Chruszcz, M and Sztangreciak-Lehun, A and Bułdak, RJ}, title = {Neuropsychiatric disorders in the course to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, including biological pathomechanisms, psychosocial factors and long COVID-19 associated with "brain fog".}, journal = {Journal of neurovirology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40193038}, issn = {1538-2443}, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, neuropsychiatric disorders began to be observed in a significant proportion of patients, occurring at different times after infection and characterised by varying degrees of severity. This article discusses neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, taking into account biological pathomechanisms and psychosocial factors. The long COVID-19 along with the "brain fog" phenomenon were considered in the study. The purpose of the study is to analyse and discuss the available information from the scientific literature on the possible association between SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and the occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders with different degrees of severity and temporal correlation. To discuss the correlation of COVID-19 with the occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders, a systematic literature review was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Elsevier and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used when searching the materials used: "neuropsychiatric disorders", "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "NeuroCOVID", "cytokine storm" and "long COVID-19". Focusing on the characteristics of the materials and methods used, as well as the results obtained and conclusions reached in each article, 164 publications of research, meta-analysis, review and case reports were included in the study. Neuropsychiatric disorders resulting from SARS-CoV-2 virus infection are multifactorial in nature. The main elements responsible for the varied pattern of symptoms include direct and indirect central nervous system effects of the disease, individual patient conditions, psychosocial factors, severity of immune responses and severity of infection. The neuropsychiatric effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be divided into symptoms directly related to the neurological and psychiatric zones and mixed disorders.}, }
@article {pmid40191963, year = {2025}, author = {Anandari, D and Kurniawan, A and Gamelia, E}, title = {Enablers and Barriers of Telemedicine in Indonesia: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/phn.13552}, pmid = {40191963}, issn = {1525-1446}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Health-seeking behavior related to the utilization of health services has experienced exceptionally noteworthy changes after the COVID-19 pandemic. That is telemedicine, which has become more commonplace amid lockdowns. The pandemic status has ended today, but since telemedicine utilization has numerous benefits, the innovation must stay accessible. This systematic review aimed to describe telemedicine utilization and which factors could become enablers and barriers.<br><br>DESIGN: The literature search for the review was conducted in November 2024. The articles reviewed were published in 2019-2024 and selected from Science Direct, Springer, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost databases.<br><br>RESULTS: The articles were research articles and used qualitative methods. Based on search results, screening process, and review articles, we describe enabling factors and barriers of telemedicine utilization through users' (patients) and providers' (health practitioners) points of view. We also define infrastructures, such as smart city development, that contribute to the development of telemedicine.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Future research into people's perception of telemedicine, developing telemedicine technology, and finding alternatives to getting electricity and internet connection with a low budget will promote telemedicine utilization.}, }
@article {pmid40191455, year = {2025}, author = {Prashar, N and Mohammed, SB and Raja, NS and Mohideen, HS}, title = {Rerouting therapeutic peptides and unlocking their potential against SARS-CoV2.}, journal = {3 Biotech}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {116}, pmid = {40191455}, issn = {2190-572X}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the potential of peptide-based therapies as an alternative to traditional pharmaceutical treatments for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Our review explores the role of therapeutic peptides in modulating immune responses, inhibiting viral entry, and disrupting replication. Despite challenges such as stability, bioavailability, and the rapid mutation of the virus, ongoing research and clinical trials show that peptide-based treatments are increasingly becoming integral to future viral outbreak responses. Advancements in computational modelling methods in combination with artificial intelligence will enable mass screening of therapeutic peptides and thereby, comprehending a peptide repurposing strategy similar to the small molecule repurposing. These findings suggest that peptide-based therapies play a critical and promising role in future pandemic preparedness and outbreak management.}, }
@article {pmid40191438, year = {2025}, author = {Karimi, R and Norozirad, M and Esmaeili, F and Mansourian, M and Marateb, HR}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccination and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Preventive Benefits and Risks.}, journal = {International journal of preventive medicine}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {14}, pmid = {40191438}, issn = {2008-7802}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: To provide a detailed understanding and apply a comprehensive strategy, this study examines the association between COVID-19 vaccination and cardiovascular events. We conducted a Bayesian multivariate meta-analysis using summary data across multiple outcomes including myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmia, and CAD, considering potential dependencies in the data. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods were detected for easy implementation of the Bayesian approach. Also, the sensitivity analysis of the model was done by using different priors.<br><br>METHODS: Fifteen studies were included in the systematic review, with eleven studies comparing the results between the vaccine group and the unvaccinated group. Additionally, six studies were used for further analysis to compare mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna).<br><br>RESULTS: Bayesian meta-analysis revealed a link between vaccines and CAD risk (OR, 1.70; 95% CrI: 1.11-2.57), particularly after BNT162b2 (OR, 1.64; 95% CrI: 1.06-2.55) and second dose (OR, 3.44; 95% CrI: 1.99-5.98). No increased risk of heart attack, arrhythmia, or stroke was observed post-COVID-19 vaccination. As the only noteworthy point, a protective effect on stroke (OR, 0.19; 95% CrI: 0.10-0.39) and myocardial infarction (OR, 0.003; 95% CrI: 0.001-0.006) was observed after the third dose of the vaccine.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Secondary analysis showed no notable disparity in cardiovascular outcomes between BNT162b2 and mRNA vaccines. The association of COVID-19 vaccination with the risk of coronary artery disease should be considered in future vaccine technologies for the next pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40190856, year = {2025}, author = {Khan, S and Hussain Timraz, J and Al Ghamdi, NA and Metwali, NY and Yaseen, FA and Alshaqha, AM and Alamri, SH and Turkistani, H and Dwaima, A and Ali Algarni, I}, title = {COVID-19 and Its Effects on the Hepatobiliary System: A Literature Review.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {e80231}, pmid = {40190856}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {COVID-19 encompasses a wide clinical spectrum, from mild influenza-like illness to severe pneumonia and systemic complications. There is emerging literature on hepatobiliary involvement in COVID-19, especially elevation in liver enzymes as surrogate markers of liver injury. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors within the hepatobiliary system are a portal of entry for SARS-CoV-2, after which injury may be perpetuated through hypoxia and cytokine storms. This literature review covers studies published before 2024 from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer, and BMC Library. The keywords used were "COVID-19", "liver", "SARS-CoV-2", "chronic liver disease", and other relevant terms to ensure a wide scope of investigation. The most common liver enzymes elevated among COVID-19 patients include aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase, all of which are associated with the severity of the disease. Chronic liver disease (CLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have worse outcomes with increased ICU admission rates and increased mortality. COVID-19 vaccination in CLD and liver transplant recipients is very often associated with suboptimal antibody responses, adding to the risks. SARS-CoV-2 causes liver involvement through direct viral cytopathic effects, immune-mediated injury, and systemic hypoxia. Individuals with CLD are particularly vulnerable to severe illness.}, }
@article {pmid40190702, year = {2025}, author = {Cho, JY and Prakash, T and Lam, W and Seegert, N and Samore, MH and Pavia, AT and Nelson, RE and Chaiyakunapruk, N}, title = {Understanding macroeconomic indicators affected by COVID-19 containment policies in the United States: a scoping review.}, journal = {Health affairs scholar}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {qxaf045}, pmid = {40190702}, issn = {2976-5390}, abstract = {Containment policies were essential in controlling the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, but they also introduced significant economic challenges. This scoping review aimed to examine the macroeconomic indicators used to assess COVID-19 closure and containment policies in the United States. We reviewed 42 eligible studies from 4516 records identified across PubMed, Web of Science, and EconLit. These studies explored various economic impacts, focusing on employment, labor market indicators, consumer spendings, etc., primarily using publicly available sources. During the pandemic, high-frequency data (eg, mobility and card transactions) became newly accessible and played a key role in evaluating the real-time effects of mitigation policies. Our review summarizes macroeconomic indicators investigated and provides researchers and policymakers with a list of data sources for assessment of economic impacts in the future. This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive evaluations to balance public health measures with economic considerations in future pandemic responses.}, }
@article {pmid40190619, year = {2025}, author = {Williams, KA}, title = {Advancing Health Equity and Addressing Health Disparities.}, journal = {American journal of lifestyle medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {15598276251329888}, pmid = {40190619}, issn = {1559-8284}, abstract = {This article describes the factors contributing to ethnic health disparities and their impact on health equity in the United States. Historical examples of infectious diseases, such as smallpox, yellow fever, polio, HIV, and COVID-19, illustrate racial mortality differences that were eliminated by removing the diseases. In addition, disparities in cardiovascular death risk factors, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and obesity, are examined. The adoption of whole food plant-based (WFPB) diets is proposed as a practical and culturally sensitive solution to mitigate these disparities and promote health equity. Evidence-based strategies are discussed to support implementation.}, }
@article {pmid40190037, year = {2025}, author = {Heiser, BJ and Veyssi, A and Ghosh, D}, title = {Recent strategies for enhanced delivery of mRNA to the lungs.}, journal = {Nanomedicine (London, England)}, volume = {20}, number = {9}, pages = {1043-1069}, pmid = {40190037}, issn = {1748-6963}, mesh = {Humans ; *RNA, Messenger/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use/genetics ; *Lung/metabolism ; *Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; COVID-19/therapy/virology ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; }, abstract = {mRNA-based therapies have emerged as a transformative tool in modern medicine, gaining significant attention following their successful use in COVID-19 vaccines. Delivery to the lungs offers several compelling advantages for mRNA delivery. The lungs are one of the most vascularized organs in the body, which provides an extensive surface area that can facilitate efficient drug transport. Local delivery to the lungs bypasses gastrointestinal degradation, potentially enhancing therapeutic efficacy. In addition, the extensive capillary network of the lungs provides an ideal target for systemic delivery. However, developing effective mRNA therapies for the lungs presents significant challenges. The complex anatomy of the lungs and the body's immune response to foreign particles create barriers to delivery. This review discusses key approaches for overcoming these challenges and improving mRNA delivery to the lungs. It examines both local and systemic delivery strategies aimed at improving lung delivery while mitigating off-target effects. Although substantial progress has been made in lung-targeted mRNA therapies, challenges remain in optimizing cellular uptake and achieving therapeutic efficacy within pulmonary tissues. The continued refinement of delivery strategies that enhance lung-specific targeting while minimizing degradation is critical for the clinical success of mRNA-based pulmonary therapies.}, }
@article {pmid40189996, year = {2025}, author = {Guglielmi, V and Colangeli, L and Parrotta, ME and Ciammariconi, A and Milani, I and D'Adamo, M and Sbraccia, P and Capoccia, D}, title = {Social isolation and loneliness in non-communicable chronic diseases: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic, population aging and technological progress.}, journal = {Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD}, volume = {35}, number = {6}, pages = {104015}, doi = {10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104015}, pmid = {40189996}, issn = {1590-3729}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Social Isolation/psychology ; *Loneliness/psychology ; *Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology/psychology/therapy ; *Aging/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; Chronic Disease ; Pandemics ; Aged ; }, abstract = {AIMS: Social isolation and loneliness have increasingly emerged as closely linked to onset and progression of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of addressing social isolation in the prevention and management of NCDs such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases in order to hinder their development and improve their outcomes.<br><br>DATA SYNTHESIS: Social isolation and loneliness affect a significant portion of the older adult population, due to decrease in social interactions, chronic illnesses and sensory impairments. However, many other vulnerable populations may experience social isolation because of psychiatric or disabling health conditions, substances abuse, low socioeconomic status, unemployment and belonging to ethnic or marginalized minorities. The unprecedented COVID-19-related social distancing can be taken as a proof-of-concept of the detrimental role of poor interactions in NCDs prevention and management not only at individual level but also in a public health perspective. Indeed, social isolation has been linked to unhealthy lifestyle choices, disrupted sleep quality, low utilization of healthcare, preventive services and adherence to treatments. Underlying mechanisms like inflammation and stress responses may also play a role in the association between social isolation and worse NCDs outcomes.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Social isolation negatively impacts on the development, progression and management of NCDs. Effective interventions for social isolation should address both societal factors and healthcare-related needs. To counteract the detrimental effects of social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic, the use of telemedicine was implemented. However, telemedicine is not always available, and legislative and age-related barriers persist.}, }
@article {pmid40189700, year = {2025}, author = {Li, S and Sun, J and Li, H and Han, Z and Wang, T and Gao, S and Zhu, P and Chen, Y and Yan, P and Wang, M and Liu, G}, title = {Expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 in human brain and its association with Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19.}, journal = {Molecular psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40189700}, issn = {1476-5578}, support = {82071212, and 81901181//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; }, abstract = {It is known that infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is widely reported that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the highest risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and mortality. However, it remains largely unclear about the link between AD and COVID-19. ACE2 is an entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. We consider that there may be a link between AD and COVID-19 through the expression of ACE2. Here, we summarize recent findings about the ACE2 expression especially in AD and COVID-19, and shows that (1) ACE2 shows mRNA and protein expression in human brain tissues, especially in neurons and non-neuron cells; (2) low ACE2 mRNA and protein expression are sufficient for SARS-CoV-2 entry into the human brain through the neural route (olfactory and/or vagal) and the hematogenous route; (3) SARS-CoV-2 RNA and protein were detected in brains of COVID-19 patients; (4) SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in human brain dependent on ACE2; (5) SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA load shows a positive association with ACE2 mRNA levels and COVID-19 severity; (6) ACE2 shows increased expression in AD compared with controls in human brain; (7) ACE2 shows increased expression in COVID-19 compared with controls in human brain; (8) ACE2 expression levels affect COVID-19 outcomes. Together, ACE2 shows significantly increased mRNA and protein expression in AD compared with controls in human brain. Consequently, the increased expression of ACE2 would facilitate infection with SARS-CoV-2, and play a role in the context of COVID-19. These findings suggest that the expression of ACE2 may partly explain the link of AD with COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and mortality.}, }
@article {pmid40189453, year = {2025}, author = {Lorea, CF and Pressman, K and Schuler-Faccini, L}, title = {Infections during pregnancy: An ongoing threat.}, journal = {Seminars in perinatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {152075}, doi = {10.1016/j.semperi.2025.152075}, pmid = {40189453}, issn = {1558-075X}, abstract = {Congenital infections are an ongoing relevant cause of congenital and perinatal abnormalities since effective vaccination is not available for many diseases. Moreover, climate change, mutational evolution of pathogens, or their vectors associated with intense human traveling predispose to outbreaks and modification of the geographic distribution of traditionally limited infectious diseases. Here, we review the so-called TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, others, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes) with a special emphasis on the arboviral infections (zika, dengue, chikungunya, oropouche). Although respiratory viruses are rarely transmitted through the placenta, the maternal condition itself can cause adverse effects on the developing embryo/fetus (COVID-19, influenza). Some perinatal-acquired infections will also be briefly discussed due to their relevance in the child's development. The majority of teratogenic congenital and some perinatal-acquired infections have effects on the central nervous system or sensory organs with long-lasting disabilities. Vaccines are unavailable for several teratogenic or perinatal infections, and treatment options are still limited, particularly for arboviral and other emergent diseases. Social inequalities are associated with the prevalence, fetal outcomes and long-term disabilities of these diseases. The One Health approach could be an essential way to reduce the burden of these diseases in the population.}, }
@article {pmid40189198, year = {2025}, author = {Azeem, M and Cancemi, P and Mukhtar, F and Marino, S and Peri, E and Di Prima, G and De Caro, V}, title = {Efficacy and limitations of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines - A systematic review.}, journal = {Life sciences}, volume = {371}, number = {}, pages = {123610}, doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123610}, pmid = {40189198}, issn = {1879-0631}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccine Efficacy ; Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology ; BNT162 Vaccine ; }, abstract = {The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus worldwide led to the call for the development of effective and safe vaccines to contain the spread and effects of COVID-19. Using information from 40 publications, including clinical trials and observational studies from 2019 to 2024, this review assesses the effectiveness, safety, and limitations of four major vaccines: Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), Moderna (mRNA-1273), Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2), and CoronaVac. Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna's mRNA vaccines proved to be more effective than others; Moderna's vaccines showed an efficacy of 94.1 % against symptomatic infection, while Pfizer-BioNTech's vaccines showed an efficacy of up to 95 %, against severe diseases and hospitalization. These vaccinations, which included protection against Omicron and Delta variants, offered notable protection against serious illness, hospitalization, and mortality. Severe adverse events were rare while most adverse events were mild to moderate, such as headaches, fatigue, and localized reactions. In contrast, inactivated virus vaccines such as Sinopharm and CoronaVac with efficacies ranging from 50 to 79 % against symptomatic infection showed lower levels of effectiveness. In Phase 3 trial, Sinopharm showed 72.8 % efficacy, whereas CoronaVac demonstrated roughly 67 % efficacy in population against hospitalization and severe disease. Booster doses were required for adequate immunological response, especially against novel strains, as these vaccinations proved to be less effective in older populations. They showed considerable safety profiles, with mild side effects, but their low immunogenicity is concerning. This review emphasizes the importance of continuously evaluating vaccines in response to the evolving virus, essential for improving international immunization programs.}, }
@article {pmid40188989, year = {2025}, author = {Khalaf, WS and Morgan, RN and Elkhatib, WF}, title = {Clinical microbiology and artificial intelligence: Different applications, challenges, and future prospects.}, journal = {Journal of microbiological methods}, volume = {232-234}, number = {}, pages = {107125}, doi = {10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107125}, pmid = {40188989}, issn = {1872-8359}, abstract = {Conventional clinical microbiological techniques are enhanced by the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI). Comprehensive data processing and analysis enabled the development of curated datasets that has been effectively used in training different AI algorithms. Recently, a number of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms are developed and evaluated using diverse microbiological datasets. These datasets included spectral analysis (Raman and MALDI-TOF spectroscopy), microscopic images (Gram and acid fast stains), and genomic and protein sequences (whole genome sequencing (WGS) and protein data banks (PDBs)). The primary objective of these algorithms is to minimize the time, effort, and expenses linked to conventional analytical methods. Furthermore, AI algorithms are incorporated with quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to predict novel antimicrobial agents that address the continuing surge of antimicrobial resistance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, AI algorithms played a crucial role in vaccine developments and the discovery of new antiviral agents, and introduced potential drug candidates via drug repurposing. However, despite their significant benefits, the implementation of AI encounters various challenges, including ethical considerations, the potential for bias, and errors related to data training. This review seeks to provide an overview of the most recent applications of artificial intelligence in clinical microbiology, with the intention of educating a wider audience of clinical practitioners regarding the current uses of machine learning algorithms and encouraging their implementation. Furthermore, it will discuss the challenges related to the incorporation of AI into clinical microbiology laboratories and examine future opportunities for AI within the realm of infectious disease epidemiology.}, }
@article {pmid40188841, year = {2025}, author = {Yunas, I and Islam, MA and Sindhu, KN and Devall, AJ and Podesek, M and Alam, SS and Kundu, S and Mammoliti, KM and Aswat, A and Price, MJ and Zamora, J and Oladapo, OT and Gallos, I and Coomarasamy, A}, title = {Causes of and risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Lancet (London, England)}, volume = {405}, number = {10488}, pages = {1468-1480}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00448-9}, pmid = {40188841}, issn = {1474-547X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Postpartum Hemorrhage/etiology/epidemiology ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Pregnancy ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: An understanding of the causes of postpartum haemorrhage is needed to provide appropriate treatment and services. Knowledge of the risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage can help address modifiable risk factors. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and quantify the various causes and risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage.<br><br>METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we did a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for cohort studies of postpartum haemorrhage from Jan 1, 1960, to Nov 30, 2024 without language restrictions. At least two authors independently undertook study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Population-based cohort studies available in English were eligible. Rates of postpartum haemorrhage causes as well as crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for risk factors were pooled using a random-effects model. Risk factors were classified as having weak, moderate, or strong association based on the pooled ORs: weak (OR >1 to 1&#xb7;5), moderate (OR >1&#xb7;5 to 2), and strong (OR >2). This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023479686.<br><br>FINDINGS: We synthesised data from 327 studies, including 847&#x2009;413&#x2009;451 women with no restriction on age, race, or ethnicity. Most studies were of high methodological quality. The pooled rates of the five commonly reported causes of postpartum haemorrhage were uterine atony (70&#xb7;6% [95% CI 63&#xb7;9-77&#xb7;3]; n=834&#x2009;707 women, 14 studies), genital tract trauma (16&#xb7;9% [9&#xb7;3-24&#xb7;6]; n=18&#x2009;449 women, six studies), retained placenta (16&#xb7;4% [12&#xb7;3-20&#xb7;5]; n=235&#x2009;021 women, nine studies), abnormal placentation (3&#xb7;9% [0&#xb7;1-7&#xb7;6]; n=29&#x2009;638 women, two studies), and coagulopathy (2&#xb7;7% [0&#xb7;8-4&#xb7;5]; n=236&#x2009;261, nine studies). The pooled rate of women with multiple postpartum haemorrhage causes was 7&#xb7;8% (95% CI 4&#xb7;7-10&#xb7;8; n=666, two studies). Risk factors with a strong association with postpartum haemorrhage included anaemia, previous postpartum haemorrhage, caesarean birth, female genital mutilation, sepsis, no antenatal care, multiple pregnancy, placenta praevia, assisted reproductive technology use, macrosomia with a birthweight of more than 4500 g, and shoulder dystocia. Risk factors with moderate association with postpartum haemorrhage included BMI &#x2265;30 kg/m[2], COVID-19 infection, gestational diabetes, polyhydramnios, pre-eclampsia, and antepartum haemorrhage. Risk factors with weak association with postpartum haemorrhage included Black and Asian ethnicity, BMI 25-29&#xb7;9 kg/m[2], asthma, thrombocytopenia, uterine fibroids, antidepressant use, induction of labour, instrumental birth, and premature rupture of membranes.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: The finding that uterine atony is the commonest cause of postpartum haemorrhage supports the WHO recommendation for all women giving birth to be given prophylactic uterotonics. Knowledge of risk factors with a strong association with postpartum haemorrhage can help to identify women at high risk of postpartum haemorrhage who could benefit from enhanced prophylaxis and treatment. The importance of multiple concurrent causes of postpartum haemorrhage supports the use of treatment bundles.<br><br>FUNDING: Gates Foundation.}, }
@article {pmid40187944, year = {2025}, author = {Pavia, AT}, title = {Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents.}, journal = {Infectious disease clinics of North America}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {293-308}, doi = {10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.018}, pmid = {40187944}, issn = {1557-9824}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; Child ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; Risk Factors ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; }, abstract = {Compared to adults, children are more likely to experience asymptomatic infections or mild-to-moderate symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection that resemble other viral infections. However, a substantial proportion of children experience severe disease; more than 2000 US children have died of COVID-19, significantly exceeding the death toll from influenza. Risk factors for severe disease include age less than 6 months and 12 to 17 years, as well as the presence of underlying conditions, especially 2 or more conditions. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a life-threatening post-infectious complication seen in children. Children experience post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 but at lower rates than adults.}, }
@article {pmid40187784, year = {2025}, author = {Oliwa, J and Guleid, FH and Owek, CJ and Maluni, J and Jepkosgei, J and Nzinga, J and Were, VO and Sim, SY and Walekhwa, AW and Clapham, H and Dabak, S and Kc, S and Hadley, L and Undurraga, E and Hagedorn, BL and Hutubessy, RC}, title = {Framework to guide the use of mathematical modelling in evidence-based policy decision-making.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {e093645}, pmid = {40187784}, issn = {2044-6055}, support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Policy Making ; *Health Policy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Models, Theoretical ; *Decision Making ; Developing Countries ; Pandemics ; Public Health ; Translational Research, Biomedical ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Capacity Building ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the significance of mathematical modelling in decision-making and the limited capacity in many low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, we studied how modelling supported policy decision-making processes in LMICs during the pandemic (details in a separate paper).We found that strong researcher-policymaker relationships and co-creation facilitated knowledge translation, while scepticism, political pressures and demand for quick outputs were barriers. We also noted that routine use of modelled evidence for decision-making requires sustained funding, capacity building for policy-facing modelling, robust data infrastructure and dedicated knowledge translation mechanisms.These lessons helped us co-create a framework and policy roadmap for improving the routine use of modelling evidence in public health decision-making. This communication paper describes the framework components and provides an implementation approach and evidence for the recommendations. The components include (1) funding, (2) capacity building, (3) data infrastructure, (4) knowledge translation platforms and (5) a culture of evidence use.<br><br>KEY ARGUMENTS: Our framework integrates the supply (modellers) and demand (policymakers) sides and contextual factors that enable change. It is designed to be generic and disease-agnostic for any policy decision-making that modelling could support. It is not a decision-making tool but a guiding framework to help build capacity for evidence-based policy decision-making. The target audience is modellers and policymakers, but it could include other partners and implementers in public health decision-making.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The framework was created through engagements with policymakers and researchers and reflects their real-life experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Its purpose is to guide stakeholders, especially in lower-resourced settings, in building modelling capacity, prioritising efforts and creating an enabling environment for using models as part of the evidence base to inform public health decision-making. To validate its robustness and impact, further work is needed to implement and evaluate this framework in diverse settings.}, }
@article {pmid40187234, year = {2025}, author = {Qin, J and Wang, G and Han, D}, title = {Benefits of melatonin on mortality in severe-to-critical COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.}, journal = {Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)}, volume = {80}, number = {}, pages = {100638}, pmid = {40187234}, issn = {1980-5322}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/mortality ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Critical Illness/mortality ; Hospital Mortality ; *Melatonin/therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of melatonin on mortality in patients with severe-to-critical illness COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was made of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov, without language restrictions. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) on the treatment of severe-to-critical COVID-19 with melatonin, compared with placebo or blank, were reviewed. Studies were pooled to Odds Ratios (ORs), with 95 % Confidence Intervals (95 % CIs).<br><br>RESULTS: Three RCTs (enrolling 451 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Melatonin showed a significant effect on in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.19, 95 % CI 0.05 to 0.74; p = 0.02).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin significantly reduced in-hospital mortality in patients with severe-to-critical COVID-19. Melatonin should be considered for severe-to-critical COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid40186706, year = {2025}, author = {Steidtmann, D and McBride, S and Mishkind, M and Shore, J}, title = {From Couch to Click: Opportunities and Challenges of Hybrid Work Models in Mental Health Care.}, journal = {Current psychiatry reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40186706}, issn = {1535-1645}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Hybrid work is common in mental health care following the COVID-19 pandemic. Although widespread, little is known about how to optimize it. We review relevant literature for patients, employees and mental health systems, and offer guidance on navigating tradeoffs in the application of hybrid work.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Patients often prefer telehealth visits due to convenience, but in-person visits are sometimes clinically indicated or preferred. The mental health workforce appreciates reduced commutes and flexibility, though may risk increased isolation and work fatigue. Mental health systems may realize cost savings, although these may create challenges for accommodating patient in-person needs or employee preferences. Hybrid work in mental health care presents a promising path forward but requires thoughtful tradeoff management. It is unlikely that all benefits of hybrid work can be realized at once. Settings may benefit from identifying top priorities and designing hybrid work arrangements accordingly.}, }
@article {pmid40186505, year = {2025}, author = {Menezes Pinto, N and das Chagas Mendonça, MR and da Silva Santos, J and Dos Santos Ferraz, CM and Santos Oliveira, D and Dos Santos, LVB and de Souza Araújo, AA and José Quintans Júnior, L and Lyra Júnior, DP and de Oliveira Filho, AD and Lira, AAM and Russo Serafini, M and de Souza Nunes, R}, title = {Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic: the intranasal administration as a route for treatment - a patent review.}, journal = {Pharmaceutical development and technology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-17}, doi = {10.1080/10837450.2025.2487575}, pmid = {40186505}, issn = {1097-9867}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the fragility of today's marketed treatments for respiratory infections. As a primary site of infection, the upper airways may represent a key access route for the control and treatment for these conditions. The present study aims to explore and identify, through a patent review, the novelty of therapies for COVID-19 that use the intranasal route for drug administration. A search was carried out in Wipo and Espacenet, using the descriptors 'COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV 2' AND 'treatment OR therapy' AND NOT 'vaccine OR immunizing' and the classification 'A61K9/0043'. Of the 151 patents identified, we excluded 73 duplicates, and 36 documents that meet the criteria adopted for exclusion (not nasally administered formulations, vaccines, post COVID-19 treatments, uncertain route of administration or form). We identified 78 unique patents on patent databases, of which 42 were selected for this review. The documents revealed the use of the intranasal pathway not only for drug repositioning but also for using plant-derived and biological molecules. Overall, the new formulations explore a variety of known drugs and natural products incorporated in drug carrier systems and devices for drug delivery and administration. Thus, the intranasal route remains a promising strategy for drug delivery, offering direct access to the primary infection site and warranting further exploration.}, }
@article {pmid40186353, year = {2025}, author = {Casmil, IC and Jin, J and Won, EJ and Huang, C and Liao, S and Cha-Molstad, H and Blakney, AK}, title = {The advent of clinical self-amplifying RNA vaccines.}, journal = {Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.03.060}, pmid = {40186353}, issn = {1525-0024}, abstract = {Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) technology is an emerging platform for vaccine development, offering significant advantages over conventional mRNA vaccines. By enabling intracellular amplification of RNA, saRNA facilitates robust antigen expression at lower doses, thereby enhancing both immunogenicity and cost-effectiveness. This review examines the latest advancements in saRNA vaccine development, highlighting its applications in combating infectious diseases. This includes viral pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and emerging zoonotic threats. We discuss the design and optimization of saRNA vectors to maximize antigen expression while minimizing adverse immune responses. Recent studies demonstrating the safety, efficacy, and scalability of saRNA-based vaccines in clinical settings are also discussed. We address challenges related to delivery systems, stability, and manufacturing, along with novel strategies being developed to mitigate these challenges. As the global demand for rapid, flexible, and scalable vaccine platforms grows, saRNA presents a promising solution with enhanced potency and durability. This review emphasizes the transformative potential of saRNA vaccines to shape the future of immunization strategies, particularly in response to pandemics and other global health threats.}, }
@article {pmid40185557, year = {2025}, author = {Ching, PR and Pedersen, LL}, title = {Severe Pneumonia.}, journal = {The Medical clinics of North America}, volume = {109}, number = {3}, pages = {705-720}, doi = {10.1016/j.mcna.2024.12.011}, pmid = {40185557}, issn = {1557-9859}, mesh = {Humans ; *Pneumonia/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology/microbiology/drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Severity of Illness Index ; Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {Severe pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Being a complex condition caused by a variety of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, it requires intensive care. A combination of early initiation of antimicrobial therapy and adjunctive nonantimicrobial interventions improve patient outcomes. This article reviews the most recent data on the epidemiology, microbiology, diagnosis, and management of severe pneumonia.}, }
@article {pmid40184947, year = {2025}, author = {Leone Nassur, P and Borges de Almeida, F and Primo, FL}, title = {Regulatory changes during the Covid-19 pandemic: A comparative review of the European Union and Brazilian regulations for biological and biotechnological products.}, journal = {Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization}, volume = {90}, number = {}, pages = {101827}, doi = {10.1016/j.biologicals.2025.101827}, pmid = {40184947}, issn = {1095-8320}, mesh = {Humans ; *Biological Products/standards/therapeutic use ; *Biotechnology/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; Brazil/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; European Union ; *Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The process for registration of biologic products is lengthy due to the high number of studies and data required by the health authorities. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the urgent need for an alternative, the authorities reduce the time for registering new products with the challenge of maintaining all the necessary reliable standards. The objective of this paper is to compare the regulatory requirements for biologics in Brazil and the European Union in the context of the pandemic and evaluate the background differences in regulations before and after the emergency. The searches were conducted in the databases of EMA and Anvisa and the results were assessed for type of document/product, regulatory scope/process step, effectiveness, and year of publication/update. Both regulators foresaw the route of registration for emergency use and followed international standards, with strict requirements for quality, safety, and efficacy. After the end of the health emergency, while EMA gradually phased out the emergency regulations, Anvisa withdrew them. It was observed that the challenges faced by the Brazilian authority and industries were related to the lack of a centralized health monitoring system. The regulators were overall aligned in the approaches during the pandemic and both had a regulatory emphasis on vaccines but the measures taken after its end differed. The main difference observed was the slower phase-out and the adoption of lessons learned strategy in the EU, which should be learning points for Anvisa if targeting a continuous readiness strategy for health emergencies.}, }
@article {pmid40184864, year = {2025}, author = {Deloncle, R and Guillard, O and Pineau, A}, title = {Copper in human health: From COVID 19 to neurodegenerative diseases.}, journal = {Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)}, volume = {89}, number = {}, pages = {127636}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtemb.2025.127636}, pmid = {40184864}, issn = {1878-3252}, abstract = {Copper (Cu) exists in two oxidation states Cu+I and Cu+II yielding formation of enzymes involved in biological processes. In higher concentrations, by oxidative process and ROS production, Cu is toxic towards plants, humans and animals livers as observed in Wilson disease or sheep scrapie. Fighting according to the Fenton reaction against bacteria and viruses, has been proposed as a mean of combatting nosocomial diseases and complementary to COVID19 vaccination. In humans, Cu is stocked in liver, muscle or bound to brain protein as ß-APP, tau-protein, α-synuclein, ubiquitin or prion which present antioxidant properties when Cu-bonded. In abnormal ß-sheet conformation, they can trigger neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer(AD), Parkinson(PD) and ALS. In these diseases, blood copper increase correlated with brain copper decrease has been described. In AD, abnormal D-serine has been detected in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. D-glutamate and D-alanine blood levels have been found in AD and could also be controlled with Cu and ceruloplasmin in a possible disease screening test. This abnormal D-conformation might result from epimerization of physiologically L-conformation brain peptides into protease-resistant D-enantiomers. This has previously been experimentally demonstrated for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in a free Cu reductive medium with UV-induced free radicals. The Cu brain protective effect against free radicals was restored with cupric addition in oxidizing medium. Cupric supplementation in the brain, might restore Cu protection and slow down neurodegenerative processes. To lower side effects, Cu amino-acid complexes able to cross the blood brain barrier might be suggested for a Cu transfer to the brain.}, }
@article {pmid40184638, year = {2025}, author = {McCosker, LK and Dyer, B and Sudarmana, T and Seale, H and Ware, RS}, title = {COVID-19 vaccination uptake in people experiencing homelessness during the first three years of the global COVID-19 vaccination effort: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {53}, number = {}, pages = {127050}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127050}, pmid = {40184638}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {Humans ; *Ill-Housed Persons/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Vaccination Coverage/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Global Health ; }, abstract = {There are complex barriers to vaccination, including COVID-19 vaccination, in people experiencing homelessness. Consequently, it is likely COVID-19 vaccination uptake in this vulnerable population is lower than in general populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis reports COVID-19 vaccination uptake in people experiencing homelessness, including in comparison to general populations, in literature published during the first three years of the global COVID-19 vaccination effort. Searches were conducted on eight electronic databases. Peer-reviewed studies from high-income countries available in English and in full-text were considered for inclusion. Studies were considered up to 31 December 2023. In total 1884 studies were retrieved and, after removal of duplicates, 1167 were screened. Thirty-one studies were included in this review. For studies reporting uptake of either any, or first, COVID-19 vaccine a random effects meta-analysis was used to pool coverage estimates. It included 28 first vaccine dose coverage estimates from 18 studies including 104,139 vaccinated individuals in 308,253 participants. The pooled estimate for first dose vaccine coverage in people experiencing homelessness was 43 % (95 % CI: 35 %, 51 %). The 95 % prediction interval was (0, 88 %). Uptake of subsequent doses was heterogeneous and was reported narratively. Uptake of the second dose ranged upwards from 31.3 %, and uptake of the third dose was reported in one study as 7.2 %. COVID-19 vaccination uptake in people experiencing homelessness is lower than in general populations. Disparities in uptake persisted when comparing uptake at regional/state/national levels, at multiple timepoints, and in studies focused on different sub-populations including veterans. This is problematic, considering people experiencing homelessness are more likely to have poorer COVID-19-associated outcomes. It is important to recognise people experiencing homelessness are an at-risk, hard-to-reach group for vaccination, and vaccination strategies should be targeted to this population to improve uptake.}, }
@article {pmid40184086, year = {2025}, author = {Koh, AR and Kim, HW and Lee, YJ and Jo, HJ and Chae, GE and Kim, DW and Ha, IH and Kim, D}, title = {Integrative Korean medicine for recurrent lumbar disc herniation after coronavirus disease vaccination: A case report and literature review.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {104}, number = {1}, pages = {e41079}, pmid = {40184086}, issn = {1536-5964}, mesh = {Humans ; *Intervertebral Disc Displacement/etiology/therapy/surgery ; Adult ; Male ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Recurrence ; *Integrative Medicine/methods ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {RATIONALE: Many side effects have been associated with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine. While most adverse events (AEs) are mild, serious adverse events are occasionally observed in the neurological and musculoskeletal systems. Nevertheless, articles reporting such serious adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination are limited, and only few case reports with detailed descriptions are available in the literature.<br><br>PATIENT CONCERNS: Herein, we report the case of a 41-year-old male office worker who developed symptoms of recurrent disc herniation 2 days after COVID-19 vaccination; the patient had no other factors that may have caused the recurrence of disc herniation, such as excessively vigorous activities, following vaccination.<br><br>DIAGNOSES: Consequently, the patient was suspected of having cauda equina syndrome owing to recurrent lumbar disc herniation, and he underwent surgery.<br><br>INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent integrative Korean medicine treatment, including acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and Chuna manual therapy, for 8 months postoperatively.<br><br>OUTCOMES: After treatment, the patient's postoperative complications improved; the Numerical Rating Scale score changed from 5 to 1, and the Oswestry Disability Index score changed from 30 to 3. A literature review showed various cases of adverse events related to musculoskeletal inflammation or immune-mediated pathogenesis.<br><br>LESSONS: This paper confirmed the possibility that COVID vaccination is related to lumbar disc herniation recurrence and the possibility of integrative Korean medicine as an effective treatment option after lumbar disc herniation surgery.}, }
@article {pmid40184037, year = {2025}, author = {Radcliffe, C and Kotton, CN}, title = {Vaccination strategies for solid organ transplant candidates and recipients: insights and recommendations.}, journal = {Expert review of vaccines}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {313-323}, doi = {10.1080/14760584.2025.2489659}, pmid = {40184037}, issn = {1744-8395}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination/methods ; *Transplant Recipients ; Immunocompromised Host ; *Organ Transplantation ; *Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; *Vaccine-Preventable Diseases/prevention &amp; control ; Vaccine Efficacy ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Vaccines save lives. They are integral to reducing the morbidity and mortality of vaccine-preventable infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Pre-transplant vaccination provides a unique opportunity for administration of live, viral vaccines, and enhanced vaccine efficacy, compared to the post-transplant period with decreased vaccine response due to immunosuppression.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: We discuss a general approach to pre- and post-transplant vaccination in solid organ transplant candidates and recipients. We then review guideline statements and recent literature related to individual vaccines, including the recently developed respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. Travel and occupation-related vaccines are also discussed.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: The challenge of vaccination for immunocompromised patients expands as the prevalence of immunocompromised adults rises, and immunocompromised patients are frequently excluded from vaccine trials. In an age of vaccine hesitancy and reemerging vaccine-preventable infections, well-powered, prospective studies are needed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of vaccines in solid organ transplant candidates and recipients.}, }
@article {pmid40183860, year = {2025}, author = {Weckler, BC and Kutzinski, M and Vogelmeier, CF and Schmeck, B}, title = {Multiorgan sequelae following non-COVID-19 respiratory infections: a review.}, journal = {Infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40183860}, issn = {1439-0973}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: While numerous studies have documented severe and long-term health impacts of COVID-19 infections on various organs, the prolonged multisystemic implications of other acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are poorly understood. This review therefore analyzed currently available studies about these sequelae of ARIs excluding COVID-19.<br><br>MAIN BODY: Multiple pathogens causing ARIs are associated with significant long-lasting impairments across various organ systems. Cardiovascular events occur in 10-35% of patients following ARIs, with an elevated risk persisting for 10 years. The stroke incidence ratio increases significantly after ARIs up to 12.3. Pulmonary sequelae are common, including abnormal lung function in 54%, parenchymal opacification in 51%, lung fibrosis in 33-62%, asthma in 30%, and bronchiectasis in 24% of patients. The risk of developing dementia is increased 2.2-fold. Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and chronic fatigue occur in 15-43%, 15-36%, 14-62%, and 27-75% of patients, respectively. 28-day mortality from CAP with (versus no) additional cardiovascular event is increased to 36% (versus 10%). Long-term mortality from CAP (versus no CAP) remains elevated for years post-infection, with a 1-year, 5-year, and 7-year mortality rate of 17% (versus 4%), 43% (versus 19%), and 53% (versus 24%), respectively. Patients&#xb4; quality of life is significantly reduced, with 17% receiving invalidity pensions and 22% retiring within 4 years of severe ARIs.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Non-COVID-19 ARIs are associated with clinically relevant, frequent, and long-term sequelae involving multiple organ systems. Further prospective studies are needed.}, }
@article {pmid40183837, year = {2025}, author = {Ghajarzadeh, M and Rastkar, M and Mowry, EM and Nourbakhsh, B}, title = {Clinical and radiological activity after extended interval and standard interval dosing of ocrelizumab in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40183837}, issn = {1590-3478}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ocrelizumab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that is highly effective in reducing MS clinical and radiological activity. The standard dosing regimen consists of infusing 600 mg of ocrelizumab every six months. However, concerns about increasing risks of infection and lowered vaccine response, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, prompted clinicians to extend the dosing interval between ocrelizumab infusions for some patients. Several observational studies have compared the effects of extended-interval dosing (EID) and standardinterval dosing (SID) of ocrelizumab on MS relapse rate and MRI activity. METHOD: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature to summarize studies comparing ocrelizumab EID and SID on MS disease activity in patients with MS. Two independent reviewers searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar on the 1st of June 2024.<br><br>RESULTS: Our systematic search revealed 348 records, and after deleting duplicates, 29 records remained. Twenty-eight full texts were evaluated; ultimately, 16 studies remained for systematic review. In this meta-analysis, extended interval dosing (EID) was defined variably across studies, with some considering even a one-month delay as EID. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) for clinical and MRI activity, comparing ocrelizumab EID to SID groups, were estimated as 1.04 (95%CI: 0.67-1.6, I2=30%, P=0.21) and&#xa0;1.31(95%CI: 0.90-1.92) (I2=15%, P=0.32), respectively.&#xa0; CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that ocrelizumab EID is not associated with greater odds of clinical and radiological disease activity in patients with MS.}, }
@article {pmid40183651, year = {2025}, author = {Kang, HM and Lee, TJ and Park, SE and Choi, SH}, title = {Pertussis in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Resurgence, Diagnosis, and Management.}, journal = {Infection &amp; chemotherapy}, volume = {57}, number = {1}, pages = {13-30}, pmid = {40183651}, issn = {2093-2340}, abstract = {Pertussis is endemic worldwide, with epidemics occurring every 2 to 5 years despite a high vaccination coverage. After limited circulation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, pertussis cases have increased rapidly worldwide since mid-late 2023, returning to pre-pandemic patterns. In Korea, 90 cases of pertussis were reported from April 2020 to May 2023, with elderly individuals aged ≥65 years accounting for 48.9%. Pertussis cases have increased sharply since June 2024, showing a nationwide epidemic, with a large increase among adolescents aged 13-15 years. As of August 2024, the national incidence rate of pertussis was estimated to be 37.75 per 100,000 population, with the highest incidence of 526.2 per 100,000 population in 13-year-olds. In Europe, during 2023-2024, an increase in pertussis incidence among infants was observed, along with large increases in 10-19-year-olds. In China, the number of reported cases of pertussis has increased rapidly since late 2023, with an age shift to older children, increase of vaccine escape, and a marked increase in the prevalence of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis. The recent global resurgence of pertussis is due to decreased opportunities for boosting immunity by natural infection during the COVID-19 pandemic in combination with waning of immunity-induced pertussis vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid40182387, year = {2025}, author = {Castillo, JL and Medel Sánchez, A and Miranda Lugo, DM and Núñez Muratalla, N and Agredano Chávez, CP and Cervantes Carrillo, JM and Martínez Sánchez, GV and Rios Torres, M and Aguilar García, K and Rubio Alfaro, L and Montelongo Quevedo, M and Flores Valdés, JR}, title = {Efficacy of Thromboprophylaxis in Preventing Thrombotic Events in Pediatric Patients With COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {e80002}, pmid = {40182387}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a rare but serious condition characterized by a proinflammatory and hypercoagulable state. MIS-C has been linked to an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), necessitating a focus on thromboprophylaxis to prevent potentially fatal complications in pediatric patients. This systematic review aims to evaluate the association between COVID-19/MIS-C and thromboembolism and to assess the efficacy of thromboprophylaxis protocols in reducing thrombotic events and mortality in children. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane, and Science Direct databases. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies reporting on thromboprophylaxis, thrombotic events, and associated outcomes in pediatric patients (<21 years) with COVID-19 and/or MIS-C were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. Primary outcomes were the incidence of thrombotic events and mortality, while secondary outcomes included bleeding events, clinical recovery, and changes in coagulation markers. Of the 375 articles identified, three studies (n=771 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Thromboprophylaxis protocols primarily included low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) such as enoxaparin and antiplatelet agents such as aspirin, with varied doses and treatment durations. Thrombotic events were reported in 3.3% of patients, with a higher incidence in MIS-C cases compared to COVID-19 alone. Prophylactic anticoagulation was effective in preventing thrombotic events in high-risk patients without increasing the risk of major bleeding. The studies emphasized individualized treatment approaches based on risk factors such as elevated D-dimer levels, obesity, prolonged immobilization, and central venous catheter presence. All studies reported a low mortality rate, ranging from 0% to 2.2%, highlighting the potential benefit of thromboprophylaxis in this population. Pediatric patients with MIS-C or severe COVID-19 are at an increased risk of thrombotic complications due to their heightened proinflammatory and hypercoagulable states. Thromboprophylaxis using enoxaparin and aspirin appears effective in reducing thrombotic events and mortality in these patients. Individualized protocols based on clinical risk factors and D-dimer levels are critical to optimizing outcomes while minimizing bleeding risks. Standardized, evidence-based guidelines are needed to refine thromboprophylaxis strategies and determine the optimal duration of therapy in this vulnerable population. Further research is essential to better understand the role of coagulation markers in guiding treatment cessation and improving outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40182319, year = {2025}, author = {Odey, AF and Arikpo, II and Meremikwu, J and Otonkue, MA and Chukwu, NN and Ita-Lincoln, F}, title = {Tolerability of facemask during physical exercises during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of public health in Africa}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {610}, pmid = {40182319}, issn = {2038-9922}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Available evidence supports the use of facemasks by all groups to prevent respiratory infections, particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, it is not clear whether these masks can be used safely during various intensities of physical exercise.<br><br>AIM: To evaluate the impact of different types of facemasks on oxygen saturation, oxygen uptake, rate of perceived exertion and performance during different physical exercises.<br><br>SETTING: Healthcare databases.<br><br>METHOD: We searched for articles published between 2020 to 05 September 2022. There was no restriction in age, language or setting. Electronic databases including The Cochrane Library - Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of systematic review and EPOC; MEDLINE; EMBASE were searched for articles for the period stated above. Risk of Bias in included studies was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-four randomised control trials with cross-over design were included. There was a total of 617 participants (373 males and 244 females). None of studies reported on prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection by mask. The pooled effect estimate shows that wearing surgical mask did not affect oxygen saturation and oxygen uptake. Masks are tolerated during mild and moderate exercise, but reduce maximal exercise capacity. Children tolerate masks for submaximal exercise better than adults.<br><br>CONCLUSION: During physical exercises, masks should be used with caution by healthy adults and children but should be avoided by elderly and ill patients.<br><br>CONTRIBUTION: This review offers current evidence on tolerability of facemask during physical exercises.}, }
@article {pmid40182293, year = {2025}, author = {Yuan, J and Chen, J and Zhao, Q and Xu, J and Li, X and Zhang, Y and Li, H and Chen, X and Zhao, L and Zhang, X and Li, H and Chen, K}, title = {Advancements in the application and research of baculovirus vector vaccines for respiratory diseases in human.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1558482}, pmid = {40182293}, issn = {1664-302X}, abstract = {The rapid spread of respiratory diseases, such as influenza, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), poses significant challenges to global public health systems. Vaccination remains the most effective strategy to mitigate these threats. Baculovirus Expression Vector Systems (BEVS) have emerged as a promising platform for vaccine development, addressing key limitations of traditional methods, including complex production processes, lengthy timelines, and high costs. BEVS offers distinct advantages, such as enhanced efficacy, safety, cost-effectiveness, and scalability for large-scale manufacturing. This review highlights the application of BEVS in combating respiratory diseases by analyzing preclinical studies, clinical trials, and approved vaccines targeting these pathogens. It also examines recent advancements in BEVS technology, emphasizing its capacity to accelerate vaccine development and respond to emerging respiratory threats. By focusing on the synergy between BEVS and respiratory disease prevention, this review provides valuable insights to guide global vaccine innovation.}, }
@article {pmid40182208, year = {2025}, author = {Choi, KA and Fitzek, S}, title = {The evolution of health services research in Austria: a bibliometric exploration of trends, themes, and collaborations.}, journal = {Frontiers in health services}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {1501035}, pmid = {40182208}, issn = {2813-0146}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health services research (HSR) in Austria has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, reflecting the evolving need for a healthcare system that effectively addresses the broader challenges of an increasingly strained healthcare environment. Mapping the progression and focus areas of this research is essential for guiding policy-making and future studies.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This bibliometric study aims to chart the evolution of Austrian HSR between 2000 and 2024. By examining publication trends, thematic priorities, collaboration networks, and research impacts, the analysis provides evidence-based insights that inform healthcare strategies and highlight research gaps.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, which targeted peer-reviewed articles published from 2000-July 31, 2024. In total, 81 articles met the inclusion criteria. Bibliometric methods, including coauthorship mapping, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and citation tracking, were used to identify core research themes, key authors, and institutional collaborations.<br><br>RESULTS: Annual publication outputs increased notably from 2019 to 2020, corresponding to the heightened focus on healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. The major themes included mental health, patient care, public health, and disease management, with a growing interest in telemedicine and digital solutions. The Medical University of Vienna led publication activity, and strong international ties were evident, particularly with institutions in the UK and Germany. Citation analyses revealed varied research impacts, with some highly cited studies influencing policy debates and clinical practices.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Austrian HSR has a dynamic trajectory, reflecting evolving national priorities and global healthcare challenges. Continued efforts are needed to address gaps involving underserved populations, integrate digital health technologies, and enhance economic evaluations of primary care reforms. Furthermore, better standardization in the reporting of funding sources and conflicts of interest is recommended to strengthen methodological rigor and public trust. By fostering collaboration, transparency, and comprehensive evaluations, HSR can more effectively shape equitable healthcare policies in Austria.}, }
@article {pmid40181980, year = {2025}, author = {Alrasheed, AR and Awadalla, M and Alnajran, H and Alammash, MH and Almaqati, AM and Qadri, I and Alosaimi, B}, title = {Harnessing immunotherapeutic molecules and diagnostic biomarkers as human-derived adjuvants for MERS-CoV vaccine development.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1538301}, pmid = {40181980}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/immunology ; *Adjuvants, Immunologic ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/prevention &amp; control/diagnosis ; *Vaccine Development/methods ; Biomarkers ; Animals ; Immunotherapy/methods ; }, abstract = {The pandemic potential of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) highlights the critical need for effective vaccines due to its high fatality rate of around 36%. In this review, we identified a variety of immunotherapeutic molecules and diagnostic biomarkers that could be used in MERS vaccine development as human-derived adjuvants. We identified immune molecules that have been incorporated into standard clinical diagnostics such as CXCL10/IP10, CXCL8/IL-8, CCL5/RANTES, IL-6, and the complement proteins Ca3 and Ca5. Utilization of different human monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of MERS-CoV patients demonstrates promising outcomes in combatting MERS-CoV infections in vivo, such as hMS-1, 4C2H, 3B11-N, NBMS10-FC, HR2P-M2, SAB-301, M336, LCA60, REGN3051, REGN3048, MCA1, MERs-4, MERs-27, MERs-gd27, and MERs-gd33. Host-derived adjuvants such as CCL28, CCL27, RANTES, TCA3, and GM-CSF have shown significant improvements in immune responses, underscoring their potential to bolster both systemic and mucosal immunity. In conclusion, we believe that host-derived adjuvants like HBD-2, CD40L, and LL-37 offer significant advantages over synthetic options in vaccine development, underscoring the need for clinical trials to validate their efficacy.}, }
@article {pmid40181546, year = {2025}, author = {Hackett, NR and Crystal, RG}, title = {Four decades of adenovirus gene transfer vectors: History and current use.}, journal = {Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy}, volume = {33}, number = {5}, pages = {2192-2204}, doi = {10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.03.062}, pmid = {40181546}, issn = {1525-0024}, mesh = {*Genetic Vectors/genetics ; Humans ; *Adenoviridae/genetics ; *Genetic Therapy/methods/history ; *Gene Transfer Techniques/history ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; History, 21st Century ; History, 20th Century ; COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics/immunology ; Transgenes ; Gene Editing ; }, abstract = {Replication-deficient adenovirus-based gene therapy vectors were the first vectors demonstrated to mediate effective, robust in vivo gene transfer. The ease of genome engineering, large carrying capacity, and methods for large-scale vector production made adenoviral vectors a primary focus in the early days of gene therapy. Many vector modifications such as capsid engineering and regulated and cell-specific transgene expression were first demonstrated in adenovirus (Ad) vectors. However, early human studies proved disappointing, with safety and efficacy issues arising from anti-vector innate and acquired immune responses. While many gene therapy researchers moved to other vectors, others recognized that the immune response and limited duration of transgene expression were useful in the correct context. The striking example of this was the use of several effective adenovirus vectors engineered as COVID-19 vaccines estimated to have been administered to 2 billion people. In addition to vaccines, current applications of Ad vectors relate to anti-cancer therapies, tissue remodeling, and gene editing.}, }
@article {pmid40181408, year = {2025}, author = {Kisa, A and Kisa, S}, title = {Health conspiracy theories: a scoping review of drivers, impacts, and countermeasures.}, journal = {International journal for equity in health}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {93}, pmid = {40181408}, issn = {1475-9276}, mesh = {Humans ; *Trust/psychology ; COVID-19 ; *Health Behavior ; Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology ; Public Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health-related conspiracy theories undermine trust in healthcare, exacerbate health inequities, and contribute to harmful health behaviors such as vaccine hesitancy and reliance on unproven treatments. These theories disproportionately impact marginalized populations, further widening health disparities. Their rapid spread, amplified by social media algorithms and digital misinformation networks, exacerbates public health challenges, highlighting the urgency of understanding their prevalence, key drivers, and mitigation strategies.<br><br>METHODS: This scoping review synthesizes research on health-related conspiracy theories, focusing on their prevalence, impacts on health behaviors and outcomes, contributing factors, and counter-measures. Using Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, a systematic search of six databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus) was conducted. Studies were screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, with thematic synthesis categorizing findings across diverse health contexts.<br><br>RESULTS: The review revealed pervasive conspiracy beliefs surrounding HIV/AIDS, vaccines, pharmaceutical companies, and COVID-19, linked to reduced vaccine uptake, increased mistrust in health authorities, and negative mental health outcomes such as anxiety and depression. Key drivers included sociopolitical distrust, cognitive biases, low scientific literacy, and the unchecked proliferation of misinformation on digital platforms. Promising countermeasures included inoculation messaging, media literacy interventions, and two-sided refutational techniques. However, their long-term effectiveness remains uncertain, as few studies assess their sustained impact across diverse sociopolitical contexts.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Health-related conspiracy theories present a growing public health challenge that undermines global health equity. While several interventions show potential, further research is needed to evaluate their effectiveness across diverse populations and contexts. Targeted efforts to rebuild trust in healthcare systems and strengthen critical health literacy are essential to mitigate the harmful effects of these conspiracy beliefs.}, }
@article {pmid40180657, year = {2025}, author = {Stoffers-Winterling, JM and Wiegand, HF and Broll, J and Schäfer, SK and Adorjan, K and Tüscher, O and Lieb, K}, title = {[The COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: mental health trajectories, resilient and vulnerable groups].}, journal = {Der Nervenarzt}, volume = {96}, number = {3}, pages = {266-271}, pmid = {40180657}, issn = {1433-0407}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Germany/epidemiology ; *Resilience, Psychological ; *Vulnerable Populations/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Female ; Adolescent ; Male ; *Pandemics ; Adult ; *Mental Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Child ; Young Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Aged ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Longitudinal Studies ; Depression/epidemiology/psychology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has probably been the biggest health crisis of the twenty-first century to date. For many people it meant prolonged exposure to psychologically relevant stressors and simultaneously limited coping possibilities.<br><br>AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this review is to present a summary of the current state of knowledge on the course of mental health in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional surveys, key findings are summarized and vulnerability and resilience factors are identified.<br><br>RESULTS: Large proportions of the German population reported at least temporary effects on their mental well-being in the sense of increased anxiety and depression symptoms as well as reduced life satisfaction, particularly among women, children and adolescents. At the same time, resilient courses were observed in most cases, i.e., most people managed to maintain their mental health during the pandemic. Vulnerability factors included female gender, younger age and financial difficulties. In contrast, a&#xa0;positive appraisal style, cognitive flexibility, social support, self-efficacy beliefs and, at a&#xa0;societal level, social cohesion and institutional trust were reported as important resilience factors.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The vulnerability and resilience factors identified offer concrete starting points for promoting pandemic preparedness.}, }
@article {pmid40179348, year = {2025}, author = {Bitenga Alexandre, A and Mukwege, A and Mutondo, KM and Biaba Apasa, R and Mugisho, G and Amisi, C and Maroyi, R and Mujumbe Salama, P and Mukwege, D}, title = {Bridging theory and praxis in the comprehensive treatment of conflict-related sexual violence in the Great Lakes Region of Africa.}, journal = {Global public health}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {2486440}, doi = {10.1080/17441692.2025.2486440}, pmid = {40179348}, issn = {1744-1706}, mesh = {Humans ; *Sex Offenses/psychology ; Female ; Qualitative Research ; *Survivors/psychology ; Adult ; Interviews as Topic ; Rwanda ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Uganda ; *Armed Conflicts ; Middle Aged ; Burundi ; Central African Republic ; }, abstract = {ABSTRACTThe holistic care model was designed to address the multifaceted medical, psychosocial, socioeconomic, and legal needs of survivors of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV). However, the extent to which this model aligns with survivors' needs has largely been shaped by the perspectives of service providers. This multi-sited qualitative study is based on 19 in-depth interviews with female survivors from five conflict-affected countries in the Great Lakes region - namely, the DRC, Burundi, Rwanda, the Central African Republic, and Uganda. It explores their experiences and perspectives on the model. The study challenges power dynamics in knowledge production by amplifying the voices of survivors themselves. The semi-structured interviews, conducted online via Zoom during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, reveal that survivors' medical, psychosocial, socioeconomic, and legal needs are deeply interconnected. These needs must, therefore, be addressed simultaneously - if survivors choose to do so - in order to achieve comprehensive recovery from the multifaceted consequences of CRSV. While the model aligns with survivors' primary needs, access to its services remains problematic across the region due to a variety of technical, cultural, epistemic, geographical, and financial barriers, creating a significant gap between the model as a 'theory' and its practical implementation on the ground.}, }
@article {pmid40178994, year = {2025}, author = {Fekrvand, S and Saleki, K and Abolhassani, H and Almasi-Hashiani, A and Hakimelahi, A and Zargarzadeh, N and Yekaninejad, MS and Rezaei, N}, title = {COVID-19 infection in inborn errors of immunity and their phenocopies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Infectious diseases (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-35}, doi = {10.1080/23744235.2025.2483339}, pmid = {40178994}, issn = {2374-4243}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are congenital disorders of the immune system. Due to impaired immune system, they are at a higher risk to develop a more severe COVID-19 course compared to general population.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: Herein, we aimed to systematically review various aspects of IEI patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the frequency of COVID-19 in patients with different IEI.<br><br>METHODS: Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched introducing terms related to IEI and COVID-19.<br><br>RESULTS: 3646 IEI cases with a history of COVID-19 infection were enrolled. The majority of patients had critical infections (1013 cases, 27.8%). The highest frequency of critical and severe cases was observed in phenocopies of IEI (95.2%), defects in intrinsic and innate immunity (69.4%) and immune dysregulation (23.9%). 446 cases (12.2%) succumbed to the disease and the highest mortality was observed in IEI phenocopies (34.6%). COVID-19 frequency in immunodeficient patients was 11.9% (95% CI: 8.3 to 15.5%) with innate immunodeficiency having the highest COVID-19 frequency [34.1% (12.1 to 56.0%)]. COVID-19 case fatality rate among IEI patients was estimated as 5.4% (95% CI: 3.5-8.3%, n = 8 studies, I2 = 17.5%).<br><br>CONCLUSION: IEI with underlying defects in specific branches of the immune system responding to RNA virus infection experience a higher frequency and mortality of COVID-19 infection. Increasing awareness about these entities and underlying genetic defects, adherence to prophylactic strategies and allocating more clinical attention to these patients could lead to a decrease in COVID-19 frequency and mortality in these patients.}, }
@article {pmid40178439, year = {2025}, author = {Singer, T}, title = {A neuroscience perspective on the plasticity of the social and relational brain.}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/nyas.15319}, pmid = {40178439}, issn = {1749-6632}, abstract = {Over the past two decades, the fields of social and contemplative neurosciences have made significant strides. Initial research utilizing fMRI identified neuronal networks involved in empathy, mentalizing, and compassion, as well as complex interactions among these networks. Subsequent studies shifted to testing the plasticity of these social skills via different types of mindfulness- or compassion-based mental training programs, demonstrating brain plasticity, enhanced social capacities and motivation, as well as improved mental health and overall well-being. Next, researchers developed scalable evidence-based online mental training programs to address the growing levels of mental health problems and loneliness, both exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Innovative approaches, such as novel relational partner-based practices and online app-based dyadic training programs, offer scalable solutions to counteract ongoing societal and mental health deterioration. Current studies are now applying the above findings to support resilience building within diverse domains of society and professional populations-such as healthcare workers and teachers-at high risk of burn-out. Future research should explore the broader impact of such training-related individual changes on larger systems, potentially leading to the development of a translational social neuroscience approach that leverages insights from social brain plasticity research to support societal needs, thereby enhancing resilience, mental health, and social cohesion.}, }
@article {pmid40178346, year = {2025}, author = {LeBeau, K and Lopez, J and Orejuela, M and Eliazar-Macke, N and Freytes, IM}, title = {Understanding the intersectionality of the rural Hispanic/Latino Veteran population: a scoping review of health-related challenges.}, journal = {Ethnicity &amp; health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-28}, doi = {10.1080/13557858.2025.2486413}, pmid = {40178346}, issn = {1465-3419}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The rural Veteran population is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse, with Hispanic/Latino (H/L) Veterans representing a growing proportion of rural Veterans. Despite experiencing similar challenges to those of other rural Veteran populations, rural H/L Veterans face additional health-related challenges due to sociocultural factors. A gap in knowledge for rural H/L Veterans exists; thus, research on this population is warranted.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We conducted a scoping review to examine literature on rural H/L Veterans. We synthesized health-related issues, needs, and services for rural H/L Veterans, including health disparities, tailored interventions to address health disparities, and whether studies employed an intersectional approach to understand and address challenges for rural H/L Veterans.<br><br>METHODS: We followed Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Inclusion criteria were limited to English language articles published between 2007-2024 focusing on rural H/L Veterans in the United States and U.S. state equivalents. Two reviewers assessed selected articles.<br><br>RESULTS: Sixteen articles were included. Most articles (75%) were retrospective cohort or retrospective cross-sectional studies. Studies examined health disparities related to diabetes, suicide, depression, traumatic brain injury, PTSD, chronic pain, COVID-19 vaccination, primary care access, goals of care documentation, and multimorbidity. 'Hispanic' and/or 'Latino' terms were often used as descriptive characteristics and/or covariates and lacked clear definitions. Few studies thoroughly highlighted the intersectionality of geographic location and H/L ethnicity for Veterans. Additionally, limitations in data were noted by some studies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Increased research on health-related challenges experienced by rural H/L Veterans is needed. Of specific importance is research that emphasizes the intersectionality of rural H/L Veterans, acknowledges intra-ethnic diversity and cultural influence, prioritizes culturally relevant interventions, addresses data limitations, and focuses on providing equitable care. Knowledge gained can inform the development of Veteran-centric and culturally appropriate policies and practices to improve the health outcomes of rural H/L Veterans and achieve health equity.}, }
@article {pmid40177822, year = {2025}, author = {Ranganathan, B and Natarajan, K and Nandhan, R and Abdlehamid, A}, title = {Granulomatous disorders of the nose and paranasal sinuses: perspective from low- and middle-income countries.}, journal = {Current opinion in otolaryngology &amp; head and neck surgery}, volume = {33}, number = {3}, pages = {170-175}, doi = {10.1097/MOO.0000000000001048}, pmid = {40177822}, issn = {1531-6998}, mesh = {Humans ; *Paranasal Sinus Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy/etiology ; *Developing Countries ; *Nose Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy/etiology ; *Granuloma/epidemiology/therapy/diagnosis/etiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This is a comprehensive overview of current trends in the prevalence, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges and management of granulomatous disorders involving the nose and paranasal sinuses in low- and middle-income countries. Emphasis is placed on infective aetiologies contributing to granulomatous diseases and the emerging innovations in the diagnosis and management of these conditions.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Granulomatous inflammations represent a distinctive spectrum of conditions arising from infectious, autoimmune, neoplastic, and chemical exposures. The prevalence of these disorders varies globally, with infectious aetiologies being more common in subtropical regions and autoimmune inflammatory conditions predominating in Western countries. Notably, the global burden of certain infectious granulomatous diseases is declining due to improved awareness, socio-economic conditions, and enhanced access to healthcare.However, the incidence of invasive fungal mucormycosis has risen sharply following the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. Contributing factors include diabetes mellitus, excessive use of high-dose corticosteroids, and environmental influences. Early diagnosis, along with aggressive surgical debridement and antifungal therapy, remains critical for successful management.<br><br>SUMMARY: Otolaryngologists must be aware of granulomatous conditions affecting the nose and paranasal sinuses, given their potential to cause significant morbidity if left untreated. Timely diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion supported by blood tests, imaging, and histopathology for effective intervention.}, }
@article {pmid40177645, year = {2025}, author = {Esmaeili, Z and Kamal Shahsavar, S and Ghazvini, K}, title = {A systematic review of the avian antibody (IgY) therapeutic effects on human bacterial infections over the decade.}, journal = {Antibody therapeutics}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {111-123}, pmid = {40177645}, issn = {2516-4236}, abstract = {The overuse of antibiotics worldwide, especially during the Coronavirus pandemic, has raised concerns about the rise of antibiotic resistance and its side effects. Immunoglobulin Y, a natural protein that specifically targets foreign antigens, holds promise as a potential therapeutic option, particularly for individuals with sensitive immune systems. Despite numerous studies on IgY, the optimal administration method, effective dose, target antigen, and potential side effects of this antibody remain areas of active research and challenge. This review selected and evaluated articles published in the last ten years from databases such as PubMed and Science Direct with appropriate keywords discussing the therapeutic effects of immunoglobulin Y in human infections in vivo. Out of all the reviewed articles, 35 articles met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the specific antibody against dental, respiratory, and skin infections has an acceptable effectiveness. In contrast, some infections, such as neurological infections, including tetanus and botulism, still need further investigation due to the short survival time of mice. On the other hand, reporting side effects such as antibody-dependent enhancement in some infections limits its use.}, }
@article {pmid40177595, year = {2025}, author = {French, NP and Maxwell, H and Baker, MG and Callaghan, F and Dyet, K and Geoghegan, JL and Hayman, DTS and Huang, QS and Kvalsvig, A and Russell, E and Scott, P and Thompson, TP and Plank, MJ}, title = {Preparing for the next pandemic: insights from Aotearoa New Zealand's Covid-19 response.}, journal = {The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific}, volume = {56}, number = {}, pages = {101525}, pmid = {40177595}, issn = {2666-6065}, abstract = {In 2020 Aotearoa New Zealand, like many other countries, faced the coronavirus pandemic armed with an influenza-based pandemic plan. The country adapted rapidly to mount a highly strategic and effective elimination response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, implementation was hampered by gaps in pandemic preparedness. These gaps undermined effectiveness of the response and exacerbated inequitable impacts of both Covid-19 disease and control measures. Our review examines the Covid-19 response, reflecting on strengths, limitations and implications for pandemic planning. We identify three key areas for improvement: 1) development of a systematised procedure for risk assessment of a new pandemic pathogen; 2) investment in essential capabilities during inter-pandemic periods; and 3) building equity into all stages of the response. We present a typology of potential pathogens and scenarios and describe the evidence assessment process and core capabilities required for countries to respond fluidly, equitably, and effectively to a rapidly emerging pandemic threat.}, }
@article {pmid40177285, year = {2025}, author = {Frias, CE and Samarasinghe, N and Cuzco, C and Koorankot, J and de Juan, A and Ali Rudwan, HM and Rahim, HFA and Zabalegui, A and Tulley, I and Al-Harahsheh, ST and Al-Homaiddi, MSST and Fendt-Newlin, M and Campbell, J}, title = {Strategies to support the mental health and well-being of health and care workforce: a rapid review of reviews.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1530287}, pmid = {40177285}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Countries globally face challenges in educating, employing and retaining their health and care workforce, largely due to underinvestment in health systems. Health and care workforce report significantly greater levels of job-related burnout and mental health problems, which in turn are associated with poorer patient outcomes, increased medical errors, diminished quality and safety, decreased patient satisfaction, and reduced healthcare efficiency.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We conducted a rapid review of systematic reviews to evaluate the mental health and well-being of health and care workers since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify interventions available at organizational and individual levels.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed and Epistemonikos were searched for systematic reviews published between May 2022 and February 2024. The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews written in English with quantitative design, with or without meta-analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifty articles met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis. Overall, there has not been a significant change in the prevalence of depression and anxiety among health and care workforce since 2022, suggesting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on workers' mental health and well-being was not specific to their experience working during the pandemic. Sixteen studies reported two types of mental health and well-being interventions: individual-level interventions and organizational-level interventions with specific impact on mental health and work environment variables. No specific policy interventions were found. However, some studies suggested policy interventions to improve the mental health and well-being of the health and care workforce.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Our analysis highlighted the need for systemic changes to protect the mental health and well-being of the health and care workforce in the post-COVID-19 era. Despite the wealth of evidence on mental health problems and on effective interventions, there remains a notable gap in systemic implementation and organizational accountability. The call to action for a paradigm shift must be embraced and we must strive to build resilient healthcare systems and invest in active support and sustain them, incorporating structural, non-structural and functional aspects of organizational resilience.}, }
@article {pmid40177094, year = {2025}, author = {Richter, H and Schneider, M and Eisenberger, J and Jafari, N and Haumann, H and Häske, D}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prehospital emergency medical service: a scoping review.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1543150}, pmid = {40177094}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Emergency Medical Services/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on healthcare systems worldwide. Emergency medical services (EMS) frequently served as the sole point of contact for individuals in need of assistance or emergency support. This study aimed to map the impact of the pandemic on emergency calls and EMS operations.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases Pubmed and Web of Science. A hand search supplemented the search. Published articles in English or German dealing with frequencies, diagnoses, and factors influencing emergency calls and EMS use were included. Studies on cardio-pulmonary resuscitation were not included.<br><br>RESULTS: The initial search yielded 3,359 articles, of which 3,187 were screened by title/abstracts, and 120 full-text articles were analyzed. Fifty articles were then included. Fourteen articles reported the number of emergency calls, 30 on the number of EMS operations, and six on both outcomes. The articles were mostly published in 2020 (n = 18) or 2021 (n = 29) and dealt with the situation of EMS during the COVID-19 pandemic in 13 European countries and 11 non-European countries. However, the quantitative data on changes in emergency calls show considerable variation (standard deviation of 31.3% with a mean of 0.0%, minimum: -50.0% to maximum: 121.0%). The quantitative data on changes in EMS operations show a more significant overall decrease (mean: -12.2%, standard deviation: 24.7%, minimum: -72% to maximum: 56%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The heterogeneity of the studies is considerable; overall, there appears to have been a decline in emergency calls, particularly EMS operations. Clear patterns, e.g., by region, cannot be identified.<br><br>REVIEW PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The review protocol is registered in the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/8urq9.}, }
@article {pmid40177083, year = {2025}, author = {Belkić, K}, title = {Toward better prevention of physician burnout: insights from individual participant data using the MD-specific Occupational Stressor Index and organizational interventions.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1514706}, pmid = {40177083}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *Burnout, Professional/prevention &amp; control/psychology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Physicians/psychology ; Female ; Male ; *Occupational Stress/prevention &amp; control ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Middle Aged ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Physician burnout has become a public-health crisis. The need is dire for robust organizational solutions, focusing on reduction of specific stressors. The physician-specific Occupational Stressor Index (OSI) based on cognitive ergonomics can help. Individual-participant data (IPD) from different studies addressing physician burnout are lacking.<br><br>AIMS: To perform IPD analysis regarding job stressors and their relation to physician burnout and to utilize the IPD results to inform a systematic review of the stressors that show an association with physician burnout, focusing on intervention studies.<br><br>METHODS: PRISMA guidelines are followed for the IPD analysis and systematic review of intervention studies on the implicated stressors, taking the COVID-19 pandemic into consideration. The IPD analysis is performed on studies using the physician-specific OSI vis-&#xe0;-vis burnout assessed by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Odds ratios (OR) &#xb1; 95% confidence-intervals (CI) are reported, adjusting for age, gender and caring for patients with suspected COVID-19 infection.<br><br>RESULTS: Three studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, providing complete IPD data for 95 physicians. Thirty-two (33.7%) physicians had total OSI scores >88, for which intervention is urgently needed. Unit-change in the total stressor burden assessed via OSI yielded OR = 1.11 (95%CI: 1.03-1.18) (p = 0.003) for personal burnout, OR = 1.17 (95%CI: 1.08-1.26) (p = 0.0001) for work-related burnout and OR = 1.07 (95%CI: 1.01-1.15) (p = 0.03) for patient-related burnout. Caring for patients with suspected COVID-19 infection showed significant multivariable results (p = 0.04) only for personal burnout. Twenty distinct work stressors revealed multivariable associations with CBI. Systematic examination via PUBMED, CINAHL and OVID Medline yielded 33 publications mitigating those stressors among physicians. Adequate staffing was pivotal. Clerical staff off-loaded administrative burden. Information-technology staff helped diminish interruptions, enhancing workflow. Cross-coverage reduced time constraints, ensured separate periods for non-clinical tasks, and &#x2265;1 work-free day/week. Several interventions impacted physician burnout, as did recognition of physicians' efforts/achievements. Other OSI-identified stressors were insufficiently examined in intervention studies: e.g. vacation; appropriately-timed, cross-covered restbreaks; and counter-measures for emotionally-disturbing aspects of MD's work, particularly during the pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Further participatory-action research is needed in well-controlled intervention trials to alleviate physician burnout.}, }
@article {pmid40175957, year = {2025}, author = {Stuetzle, SCW and Willis, M and Barnowska, EJ and Bonkass, AK and Fastenau, A}, title = {Factors influencing vaccine hesitancy toward non-covid vaccines in South Asia: a systematic review.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {1246}, pmid = {40175957}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Asia ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Asia, Southern ; }, abstract = {Declared as one of the ten most pressing threats to global health in 2019, the complexity around vaccine acceptance and hesitancy has once again gained great momentum following the COVID-19 pandemic. Lack of vaccine acceptance may endanger the mission of improving vaccine uptake globally to tackle pandemics, reduce morbidity and mortality of preventable diseases and to prevent antibiotic resistance worldwide. Countries of the global south, including South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries are especially affected by the dangers of low vaccination uptake and continue to show decreases in coverage in recent years. This paper examines factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy in south Asia and the extent to which they are context and disease specific, guided by a modified version of the WHO SAGE 5 C model by Razai et al. Three databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles by using a comprehensive search strategy. Results from 44 quantitative, qualitative and mixed-method studies were included in the systematic review and appraised for quality, thematically analyzed and mapped onto the 5 C model. findings from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Afghanistan showed vaccine hesitancy to be context and vaccine-specific within different settings of the countries. The main factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy can be identified as narrow confidence in vaccines, miscommunication, and lack of knowledge embedded into overarching constraints and contexts. To tackle vaccine hesitancy in SAARC countries, interventions need to be co-created by communities and mutual trust needs to be ensured, for instance through increased equity in knowledge distribution.}, }
@article {pmid40175414, year = {2025}, author = {Han, GR and Goncharov, A and Eryilmaz, M and Ye, S and Palanisamy, B and Ghosh, R and Lisi, F and Rogers, E and Guzman, D and Yigci, D and Tasoglu, S and Di Carlo, D and Goda, K and McKendry, RA and Ozcan, A}, title = {Machine learning in point-of-care testing: innovations, challenges, and opportunities.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {3165}, pmid = {40175414}, issn = {2041-1723}, support = {1648451//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; }, mesh = {*Machine Learning ; *Point-of-Care Testing/trends ; Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Pandemics ; Artificial Intelligence ; Reproducibility of Results ; COVID-19 Testing/methods ; Point-of-Care Systems ; }, abstract = {The landscape of diagnostic testing is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into decentralized, rapid, and accessible sensor platforms for point-of-care testing (POCT). The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift from centralized laboratory testing but also catalyzed the development of next-generation POCT platforms that leverage ML to enhance the accuracy, sensitivity, and overall efficiency of point-of-care sensors. This Perspective explores how ML is being embedded into various POCT modalities, including lateral flow assays, vertical flow assays, nucleic acid amplification tests, and imaging-based sensors, illustrating their impact through different applications. We also discuss several challenges, such as regulatory hurdles, reliability, and privacy concerns, that must be overcome for the widespread adoption of ML-enhanced POCT in clinical settings and provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of ML-driven POCT technologies, highlighting their potential impact in the future of healthcare.}, }
@article {pmid40175252, year = {2025}, author = {Tarasco, MC and Iacomino, N and Mantegazza, R and Cavalcante, P}, title = {COVID-19, Epstein-Barr virus reactivation and autoimmunity: Casual or causal liaisons?.}, journal = {Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmii.2025.03.014}, pmid = {40175252}, issn = {1995-9133}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, has been associated with a substantial risk of autoimmune disease development or exacerbation. The postulated pathophysiological mechanisms linking COVID-19 with autoimmunity include reactivation of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), whose dysregulated infection in the host can trigger or promote an autoimmune response. This review summarizes recent studies highlighting a potential immunopathogenetic link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and EBV reactivation, which could underlie autoimmunity onset or worsening, as well as immune-related long COVID manifestations in COVID-19 patients. We offer our perspective on the direction that research should take to disentangle the nature (whether causal or casual) of the "COVID-19-EBV-autoimmunity" liaisons. Further advances in this research area may be crucial for designing strategies to prevent or treat EBV reactivation-related autoimmune conditions in COVID-19 patients, or patients with inflammatory co-infectious diseases, at the same time promising to improve our knowledge on the viral contribution to autoimmune phenomena.}, }
@article {pmid40175050, year = {2025}, author = {Nag, R and Srivastava, S and Rizvi, S and Ahmed, S and Raza, ST}, title = {Innovations in vaccine design: Computational tools and techniques.}, journal = {Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.)}, volume = {103}, number = {}, pages = {375-391}, doi = {10.1016/bs.apha.2025.01.015}, pmid = {40175050}, issn = {1557-8925}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccines/immunology/chemistry ; *Vaccine Development/methods ; Animals ; *Computational Biology/methods ; *Drug Design ; }, abstract = {The advancements in computational tools have revolutionized vaccine development by organizing and analyzing large-scale immunological data through immuno-informatics. This field combines computational and mathematical approaches to model molecular interactions during antigen presentation and processing. These tools have significantly accelerated vaccine development, making it more efficient and cost-effective. Applications such as SCWRL and SCAP help in side chain and backbone modeling to improve antibodies and forecast secondary structures. Multi-graft and multivalent scaffolds present antigens to elicit strong immune responses; antibodyomics studies the sequences of antibodies to find antibodies that can neutralize. It is another traditional way of doing vaccines where the pathogen's genome is scanned by diacide such as Vaxign to identify the likely vaccine agents. Codon optimization, as implemented with the aid of COOL and OPTIMIZER tools, enhances the output of proteins among which vaccines are needed. These tools also allow for predicting epitope structures the more accurately, or so. Prediction tools that include immunogenicity screening tests that map B-cell epitope and T-cell epitope such as ElliPro and DiscoTope aid in drug design, while the application of Fusion technologies facilitates vaccine development and kit diagnostics. The percentage of time trying to identify possible vaccine candidates is reduced alongside the costs with the application of these tools allowing the improvement in the prediction of vaccine candidates. The purpose of this chapter is to emphasize the invention of computational tools and methods that together are revolutionizing vaccine design and development and to underline the importance of tissue engineering and immunology advances.}, }
@article {pmid40175045, year = {2025}, author = {Mahata, K and Biswas, M and Sengupta, S and Rani, C and Bairagya, HR}, title = {Computational exploration of viral cell membrane structures for identifying novel therapeutic target.}, journal = {Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.)}, volume = {103}, number = {}, pages = {265-285}, doi = {10.1016/bs.apha.2025.01.005}, pmid = {40175045}, issn = {1557-8925}, mesh = {Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/metabolism ; *Cell Membrane/metabolism/virology/drug effects ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; *Membrane Proteins/metabolism/chemistry ; COVID-19/virology ; }, abstract = {The membrane proteins of viruses play a critical role, and they shield viruses and takes biochemical mechanisms like sticking to the host cell membrane, merging with them, building new viruses, and breaking free. These steps make sure the virus can infect and multiply. But the membrane proteins of Nipah, Zika, SARS-CoV-2, and Hendra virus can cause special kinds of infections. Nipah and Hendra viruses use their fusion protein to join with the host cell membrane. Their glycoprotein interacts with host receptors. The matrix protein helps to build and support the virus structure. Zika virus relies on its envelope protein to attach and fuse with host cells. Its membrane protein keeps the viral envelope stable. SARS-CoV-2 uses its spike protein to enter host cells and its envelope protein helps assemble new viruses. The membrane protein gives structural stability whereas the nucleocapsid protein interacts with the RNA genome. These viral membranes contain various kinds of lipids and proteins and they make up about 30 % of the membrane area. Yet, scientists find it hard to predict their molecular structure and different biological characters. The coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, enhanced sampling methods, and various structural bioinformatics investigations on viral proteins provide reliable scientific data. These investigations reveal viral membrane proteins' structural features, movement patterns, and thermodynamic properties. These computer methods are vital for drug discovery because it allows researchers to find new compounds that target viral membrane proteins to prevent their functions.}, }
@article {pmid40174966, year = {2025}, author = {Edelman, A and Vinyals Torres, L and Kazi, A and Rasanathan, K and Marten, R}, title = {An unfinished agenda: insights from seven country case studies on strengthening primary health care in the Western Pacific Region.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {10}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40174966}, issn = {2059-7908}, mesh = {Humans ; *Primary Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Health Care Reform/organization &amp; administration ; Health Policy ; Asia, Southeastern ; Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {In the WHO Western Pacific Region, primary health care (PHC) is considered 'the future of health' and the key to achieving universal health coverage. However, political, economic and social forces underlying curative, hospital-centric models have eroded public, local-level health service capacity-contributing to fragmented systems and persisting health inequities. Drawing insights from seven published country case studies from East Asia examining PHC in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper discusses key factors influencing the implementation of PHC. Countries are improving service delivery through a PHC approach, but persisting governance and structural barriers to PHC reform include vertical approaches to health care planning and programme delivery, health workforce shortages and maldistribution, and market forces that have shaped health care and workforce models towards curative care. Three domains for future policy and research to strengthen PHC are proposed. First, managing the political economy of PHC reform requires mapping relationships and systematically unravelling political, social and economic factors shaping accountability, receptiveness and capacity for change. Second, strengthening participatory governance involves shifting power to communities through platforms for shared policy creation and implementation, decentralised governance and empowering community-oriented health workers. Third, improving conceptual clarity and policy guidance on PHC can use the Sustainable Development Goals to orient systems towards preventing illness and valuing good health. The case studies offer a practice model of applied health policy and systems research coproduced with policy stakeholders.}, }
@article {pmid40174915, year = {2025}, author = {Bahadir, Z and Narayan, P and Wolters, R and Permar, SR and Fouda, G and Hessell, AJ and Haigwood, NL}, title = {Monoclonal Antibodies for Pediatric Viral Disease Prevention and Treatment.}, journal = {Pediatrics}, volume = {155}, number = {5}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2024-068690}, pmid = {40174915}, issn = {1098-4275}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Child ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Virus Diseases/prevention &amp; control/drug therapy/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Infant, Newborn ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {Medical advancements over the last century have improved our ability to treat pediatric infectious diseases, significantly reducing associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although vaccines have been pivotal in this progress, many viral pathogens still do not currently have effective vaccines. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for rapid responses to emerging viral pathogens and introduced new tools to combat them. This review addresses human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as a strategy for treating and preventing viral infections in pediatric populations. We discuss previously used and currently available mAbs and advancements in mAb discovery. We address the future of mAb therapy by describing novel approaches in drug production and delivery platforms in addition to alternative antibody classes. Finally, we review the challenges and limitations of mAb therapy development for newborns and children.}, }
@article {pmid40174551, year = {2025}, author = {Allen, D and Strange, H and Jacob, N and Rafferty, AM}, title = {How can we optimise nurse staffing systems? Insights from a comparative document analysis of 10 widely used models and focused interpretative review of implementation experiences.}, journal = {International journal of nursing studies}, volume = {167}, number = {}, pages = {105056}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2025.105056}, pmid = {40174551}, issn = {1873-491X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: A diverse range of formal systems have been implemented in high income countries to ensure safe nurse staffing. Evidence reviews indicate that no one best model exists and recommends optimising existing systems. As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic and a global nursing workforce crisis, healthcare systems and the nursing profession face a challenging future. Nurse staffing systems must be fit for purpose.<br><br>AIM: Identify, describe and compare the core components of nurse staffing systems, assess the conditioning effects of context on their mechanisms of action, and explore front-line implementation experiences to inform system optimisation.<br><br>SAMPLE: Ten widely used nurse staffing systems deployed in high-income western healthcare systems.<br><br>THEORY: Complex interventions thinking and Actor Network Theory.<br><br>METHODS: Phase 1: Document analysis of formal published accounts of nurse staffing systems. Phase 2: Focused interpretative review of evidential fragments on implementation experiences and contextual influences from available evaluation studies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Systems varied in their complexity, core components, and organising logics. Nurses experience a range of implementation challenges, but workforce shortages and budgetary constraints were the principal contextual influences. Prospective strategies to optimise nurse staffing systems must be tailored to system and context but include strategies and tools to augment professional authority, more granular workload measurement, improved outcome measurements, strengthened digital infrastructures, enhanced governance arrangements and increased public accountability. Benchmarking approaches should be used with caution, given the normative impulse to depress staffing levels. In the context of a global workforce shortage, consideration should also be given to the impacts of nurse staffing models on the wider healthcare system.<br><br>TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: How can we optimise safe nurse staffing systems? Insights from a document analysis and interpretative review informed by actor network theory.}, }
@article {pmid40174543, year = {2025}, author = {Asaduzzaman, M and Rahaman, MZ and Afrin, S and Ara, R and Mehmood, S and Boriani, E and Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM}, title = {Antibiotic prescribing patterns in the community and primary care settings through a gender lens: A systematic review.}, journal = {Public health}, volume = {242}, number = {}, pages = {311-318}, doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2025.03.020}, pmid = {40174543}, issn = {1476-5616}, mesh = {Humans ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; *Primary Health Care/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Female ; Male ; Sex Factors ; *Drug Prescriptions/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Gender differences affect exposure to infections, including drug-resistant ones. However, data on the relationship between gender and antibiotic use are limited. This systematic review examines gender differences in antibiotic prescribing patterns in community and primary care settings.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review.<br><br>METHODS: We searched Web of Science (Core Collection), PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Database, and EMBASE for studies published between January 2014 and April 2024. We included studies of any design that analyzed antibiotic prescribing patterns for patients consulting general practitioners. We excluded studies that did not examine gender differences, unpublished reports, and non-English articles. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the findings. The review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023476119).<br><br>RESULTS: Our search identified 12,853 citations, from which we included 11 studies conducted in 10 countries. Most studies (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;7) were cross-sectional. Gender analysis of antibiotic prescribing in the included studies did not show a consistent pattern in the likelihood of antibiotic prescription based on gender. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were azithromycin, amoxicillin, cephalexins, penicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole, primarily for respiratory infections, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, COVID-19, skin, and musculoskeletal diseases. Most studies did not report dose compliance.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review identifies gender as a factor in antibiotic prescribing that remains insufficiently explored. Further research and policy discussions are needed to examine global prescribing patterns through a gender lens.}, }
@article {pmid40174485, year = {2025}, author = {Poole-Wright, K and Patel, A and Gaughran, F and Murray, R and Chalder, T}, title = {Prevalence and associations of fatigue in psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Schizophrenia research}, volume = {279}, number = {}, pages = {59-70}, doi = {10.1016/j.schres.2025.03.027}, pmid = {40174485}, issn = {1573-2509}, mesh = {Humans ; *Fatigue/epidemiology/etiology ; *Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology/complications/drug therapy ; Prevalence ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in fatigue in people with psychotic illnesses. This systematic review and meta-analysis reviewed the evidence concerning the prevalence of fatigue and associated factors in adults with psychotic illnesses.<br><br>METHODS: Embase, PsycINFO, Medline and CINAHL were systematically searched for articles in English published between January 1946 to 9 October 2023. Inclusion criteria was 'fatigue' in adults (&#x2265;18&#xa0;years old) with a confirmed ICD11 or DSM5 diagnosis of a psychotic disorder. Risk of bias was assessed with the JBI and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled proportions for fatigue with 95&#xa0;% CI were calculated using random effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and I[2] statistic and Egger's tests were conducted for publication bias.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 57 articles met the inclusion criteria and 7 articles (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;1161 participants) were included for the meta-analysis of fatigue. Fatigue prevalence was 55&#xa0;% (95&#xa0;% CI: 37-71&#xa0;%, I[2]&#xa0;=&#xa0;94&#xa0;%). A sensitivity analysis of the 6 studies using a valid scale (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;711 participants) found a fatigue proportion of 59&#xa0;% (95&#xa0;% CI: 41-76, I[2]&#xa0;=&#xa0;93&#xa0;%). Eighteen studies (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;4569 participants) were included for an analysis exploring the prevalence of antipsychotic-related fatigue, which was 20.5&#xa0;% (95&#xa0;% CI: 11-34&#xa0;%). We found no significant difference in antipsychotic-related fatigue between studies using a valid scale (27&#xa0;%, 95&#xa0;% CI: 14-46, k&#xa0;=&#xa0;7) and studies using a clinical interview (17&#xa0;%, 95&#xa0;% CI: 7-35&#xa0;%, k&#xa0;=&#xa0;11) p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.302. An Egger's test indicated no publication bias. Quality assessments for included studies revealed that 16&#xa0;% were at low risk of bias, 9&#xa0;% at high risk and 75&#xa0;% at moderate risk. Reported associations with fatigue included sex, age, antipsychotics, distress and depression, sleep, and some negative symptoms.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that a majority of people with psychosis experience fatigue. Antipsychotics, sex, and functioning may contribute to tiredness symptoms, but further research is needed.}, }
@article {pmid40174436, year = {2025}, author = {Mun, M and Kim, M and Woo, K}, title = {Advancements in simulation-based nursing education: Insights from a bibliometric analysis of temporal trends.}, journal = {Nurse education today}, volume = {151}, number = {}, pages = {106719}, doi = {10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106719}, pmid = {40174436}, issn = {1532-2793}, mesh = {Humans ; *Bibliometrics ; *Simulation Training/trends/methods ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Education, Nursing/trends/methods ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Simulations are used in nursing education to create realistic clinical practice environments. With rapid changes in educational demands and the growing importance of simulation in nursing, understanding the evolution of its application will provide critical insights into how educational strategies have undergone adaptive changes over time to meet the needs of nursing students and healthcare settings.<br><br>AIMS: This study aimed to identify temporal trends in simulation-based nursing education, map key research themes, and examine changes in the educational landscape over time.<br><br>DESIGN: This is a bibliometric study of simulation-based nursing education.<br><br>METHODS: The analysis was conducted using VOSviewer. A total of 12,083 publications retrieved from PubMed, the Excerpta Medica Database, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were analyzed. To identify temporal shifts in simulation-based nursing education, articles were categorized into four periods based on the progression of simulation usage and technological advancements. Co-occurrence analysis was performed for each period.<br><br>RESULTS: Our analysis revealed a substantial increase in research on simulation-based nursing education after 2014, with a surge following the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show an increasing adoption of advanced techniques, such as standardized patients, in-situ simulations, and virtual reality. Core keywords, such as CPR, critical thinking, and team training, highlight the diverse applications of simulations in technical and psychological training. Temporal trends highlight significant shifts in keywords driven by technological advancements and evolving pedagogical approaches. Integrating advanced technology and realistic scenarios provides learners with immersive experiences that can substantially enhance their nursing competencies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that simulation-based nursing education has evolved substantially, reflecting technological progress and changes in educational priorities. This underscores the need to integrate advanced technology with innovative simulation methods to prepare nursing students for real-world clinical challenges.}, }
@article {pmid40173392, year = {2025}, author = {Von Visger, T and Lyons, A and Zhou, Y and Wardlaw, K and Park, E and Chang, YP}, title = {COVID-19-Related Racism and Mental Health Among Asian Americans: Integrative Review.}, journal = {Asian/Pacific Island nursing journal}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {e63769}, doi = {10.2196/63769}, pmid = {40173392}, issn = {2373-6658}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Racism against Asian Americans escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic. About 31%-91% of Asian American adults and children reported experiencing various types of racism during the pandemic. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation hate crime statistics, anti-Asian hate crime incidents increased from 158 in 2019 to 279 in 2020 and 746 in 2021. In 2022, the incidents decreased to 499, corresponding to the downward trend of the pandemic. The degree of impact racism has on mental health and wellness among Asian Americans requires investigation, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We aim to describe racism-related mental health problems experienced by Asian Americans living in the United States and propose implementation strategies for mitigating their consequences.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted an integrative review of peer-reviewed publications in English reporting anti-Asian sentiments and racism's impacts on mental health among Asian Americans in the United States.<br><br>RESULTS: The 29 eligible articles report on studies that utilized cross-sectional survey designs with various sample sizes. Racism is directly correlated with the prevalence of depression and anxiety experienced by victims of racist acts. The prevalence of in-person direct racism (racist expression aimed directly at the victim) is lower than in-person indirect racism (racist expression aimed at the ethnic group the victim belongs to). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of explicit online racism was lower than online indirect racism.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19-related racism exacerbated preexisting racism, contributing to worse depression and anxiety among Asian Americans. To address this issue, we propose 2 main approaches: increase public awareness and education about recognizable racist sentiments/acts and systematized reporting of racially motivated crimes to guide political action. At an individual level, culturally responsive, trauma-informed interventions promoting cultural support and cohesion for various Asian American groups will foster this empowerment. These proposed actions will help alleviate racism by reducing stereotypes, empowering victims, and chipping away at the systemic racism structure.}, }
@article {pmid40172856, year = {2025}, author = {Sy, MP and Frey, S and Baldissera, A and Pineda, RC and Toribio, FNRB}, title = {The role of occupational therapists in return-to-work practice for people with post-COVID condition: A scoping review.}, journal = {Work (Reading, Mass.)}, volume = {80}, number = {2}, pages = {498-513}, doi = {10.1177/10519815241289658}, pmid = {40172856}, issn = {1875-9270}, mesh = {Humans ; *Return to Work ; *COVID-19 ; *Occupational Therapists/psychology ; Professional Role ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Occupational Therapy/methods ; }, abstract = {BackgroundReturn to work has become more valuable today more than ever especially for adult workers who experience post-COVID condition.ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to map the extant literature on the role of occupational therapists for people with post COVID condition returning to work. Specifically, we described the roles of occupational therapists, identified the professionals occupational therapists work with in this practice setting, and determined whether the concept of return to work is perceived as an outcome or a process.MethodThe review followed Arksey and O'Malley's framework and reported the results using PRISMA extension. A systematic database search was performed in June 2024 and was updated in February 2024 to retrieve literature published from 2021 onwards.ResultsA total of 33 papers from 5106 records were included. The included records were studies from varying designs and largely coming from Western and developed countries. Our results revealed that ooccupational therapists have a wide-ranging role from providing clinical assessments and interventions, facilitating and advocating activities to prepare for work participation, and working within teams to target clinical and return-to-work outcomes. To be effective in their role, occupational therapists work interprofessionally within teams composed of health, social, legal and service professionals. The concept of return to work was largely perceived as an outcome of rehabilitation and recovery, and less likely as a dynamic process that bridges patients from the health system to societal integration.ConclusionOccupational therapists have a crucial role in return-to-work practice especially for people with post COVID condition.}, }
@article {pmid40172549, year = {2025}, author = {Choi, Y and De Ridder, D and Greub, G}, title = {Genomic and spatial epidemiology: lessons learned from SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.}, journal = {Current opinion in HIV and AIDS}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, pages = {287-293}, pmid = {40172549}, issn = {1746-6318}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Genomics ; Pandemics ; Spatial Analysis ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges, particularly in understanding its complex spatial transmission patterns. The high transmissibility of the virus led to frequent super-spreading events. These events demonstrated clear spatial clustering patterns, often tied to specific events that facilitated transmission. The uneven geographic distribution of medical resources and varying access to care amplified the impact of SARS-CoV-2. Asymptomatic cases further complicated the situation, as infected individuals could silently spread the virus before being identified.Thus, this review examines how genomic and spatial epidemiology approaches can be integrated to answer some of the above-mentioned challenges. We first describe the methodological foundations of genomics and spatial epidemiology, detailing opportunities of their applications during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We then present a novel interdisciplinary framework that combines these approaches to better guide public health interventions.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: During the pandemic, the genomic and spatial approaches were used to address key questions, including "how does the pathogen evolve and diversify?" and "how does the pathogen spread geographically?". Genomic epidemiology allows researchers to identify viral lineages and new variants. Conversely, spatial epidemiology focused on geographic distribution of infections, analyzing how the virus spread. However, despite their complementary nature, these approaches were largely applied independently during the pandemic. This separation limited our collective ability to fully understand the complex relationships between viral evolution and geographic spread.<br><br>SUMMARY: While phylogeography has traditionally combined phylogenetic and geographic data to understand long-term evolutionary patterns across large areas, events such as the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic demand frameworks that can inform public health interventions through joint analysis of genomic and local-scale spatial data.}, }
@article {pmid40172196, year = {2025}, author = {Silva, DL and Peres, NTA and Santos, DA}, title = {Key fungal coinfections: epidemiology, mechanisms of pathogenesis, and beyond.}, journal = {mBio}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e0056225}, doi = {10.1128/mbio.00562-25}, pmid = {40172196}, issn = {2150-7511}, abstract = {Coinfection is defined as the occurrence of at least two genetically distinct infectious agents within the same host. Historically, fungal infections have been neglected, leading to an underestimation of their impact on public health systems. However, fungal coinfections have become increasingly prevalent, emerging as a significant global health concern. This review explores fungal coinfections commonly associated with HIV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Pseudomonas species. These include candidiasis, aspergillosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, pneumocystosis, sporotrichosis, and mucormycosis. We discuss the key local and systemic mechanisms that contribute to the occurrence of these coinfections. HIV infects CD4+ cells, causing systemic immunosuppression, particularly impairing the adaptive immune response. The inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection disrupts both pulmonary and systemic homeostasis, rendering individuals more vulnerable to local and disseminated fungal coinfections. Severe influenza promotes fungal coinfections by triggering the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which damage the epithelial-endothelial barrier and impair the recognition and phagocytosis of fungal cells. Tuberculosis can replace normal lung parenchyma with collagen tissue, leading to alterations in lung architecture, compromising its function. Interaction between Pseudomonas and Aspergillus during coinfection involves the competition for iron availability and an adaptive response to its deprivation. Therefore, the specific interactions between each underlying disease and fungal coinfections are detailed in this review. In addition, we highlight the risk factors associated with coinfections, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and the challenges of early diagnosis. Recognizing the substantial worldwide public health burden posed by fungal coinfections is crucial to improve survival rates.}, }
@article {pmid40171500, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, W and Ji, J and Han, L and Pang, J and Mo, L and Liu, F and Gao, Y and Xiong, B and Xiang, S}, title = {Global hotspot and trend of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pulmonary embolism.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1531716}, pmid = {40171500}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Research on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-assisted support for pulmonary embolism (PE) has been increasing, yet no systematic bibliometric analysis has been conducted. This study evaluates global research trends in this field by analyzing countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords.<br><br>METHODS: Relevant articles and reviews published up to August 15, 2023, were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used for bibliometric analysis of collected data.<br><br>RESULTS: Publications on ECMO-assisted support for PE surged from 2015 to 2023, comprising 82.7% (306/370) of total studies. The United States, Germany, and China contributed 62.97% (233/370) of the research. Perfusion-UK had the most publications, while Journal of the American College of Cardiology was the most cited journal. The University of Maryland, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School were the leading institutions. Chetan Pasrija published the highest number of papers, while Konstantinidis SV was the most co-cited author. Research hot spots include: (1) ECMO management and survival rates, (2) combined treatments with thrombolysis or surgical thrombectomy, (3) anticoagulation and clot formation, and (4) ECMO support in COVID-19.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study aims to increase awareness of research hot spots on ECMO-assisted support for PE by determining the collaboration and impact of authors, countries, institutions, and journals. In addition, it comprehensively reviews research trends on ECMO regarding PE. It also provides a reference for potential collaborators, institutions, and future research prospects.}, }
@article {pmid40170865, year = {2025}, author = {Hong, L and Chen, X and Liu, Y and Liang, H and Zhao, Y and Guo, P}, title = {The relationship between ferroptosis and respiratory infectious diseases: a novel landscape for therapeutic approach.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1550968}, pmid = {40170865}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {*Ferroptosis/drug effects ; Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/microbiology/virology ; Animals ; COVID-19/immunology ; Virus Diseases/drug therapy ; }, abstract = {Respiratory infectious diseases, particularly those caused by respiratory viruses, have the potential to lead to global pandemics, thereby posing significant threats to public and human health. Historically, the primary treatment for respiratory bacterial infections has been antibiotic therapy, while severe cases of respiratory viral infections have predominantly been managed by controlling inflammatory cytokine storms. Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death that is distinct from apoptosis and autophagy. In recent years, Recent studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis plays a significant regulatory role in various respiratory infectious diseases, indicating that targeting ferroptosis may represent a novel approach for the treatment of these conditions. This article summarized the toxic mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, its relationship with respiratory infectious diseases, the mechanisms of action, and current treatment strategies. Particular attentions were given to the interplay between ferroptosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Epstein-Barr virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dengue virus, influenza virus and herpes simplex virus type1infection. A deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in respiratory infections will not only advance our knowledge of infection-related pathophysiology but also provide a theoretical foundation for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting ferroptosis pathways represents a promising therapeutic approach for respiratory infections, with significant clinical and translational implications.}, }
@article {pmid40170841, year = {2025}, author = {Piano Mortari, E and Ferrucci, F and Zografaki, I and Carsetti, R and Pacelli, L}, title = {T and B cell responses in different immunization scenarios for COVID-19: a narrative review.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1535014}, pmid = {40170841}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; *T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Vaccination/methods ; BNT162 Vaccine/immunology ; 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273/immunology ; }, abstract = {Vaccines against COVID-19 have high efficacy and low rates of adverse events. However, none of the available vaccines provide sterilizing immunity, and reinfections remain possible. This review aims to summarize the immunological responses elicited by different immunization strategies, examining the roles of homologous and heterologous vaccination and hybrid immunity. Homologous vaccination regimens exhibit considerable variation in immune responses depending on the vaccine platform, particularly concerning antibody titers, B cell activation, and T cell responses. mRNA vaccines, such as mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2, consistently generate higher and more durable levels of neutralizing antibodies and memory B cells compared to adenovirus-based vaccines like Ad26.COV2.S and ChAdOx1. The combination of two distinct vaccine platforms, each targeting different immune pathways, seems to be more effective in promoting long-lasting B cell responses and potent T cell responses. The high heterogeneity of the available studies, the different dosing schemes, the succession of new variants, and the subjects' immunological background do not allow for a definitive conclusion. Overall, heterologous vaccination strategies, combining sequentially viral vector and mRNA may deliver a more balanced and robust humoral and cellular immune response compared to homologous regimens. Hybrid immunity, which arises from SARS-CoV-2 infection preceded or followed by vaccination produces markedly stronger immune responses than either vaccination or infection alone. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern varies depending on both the vaccine platform and prior infection status. Hybrid immunity leads to a broader antibody repertoire, providing enhanced neutralization of variants of concern. Heterologous vaccination and hybrid immunity may provide further opportunities to enhance immune responses, offering broader protection and greater durability of immunity. However, from all-cause mortality, symptomatic or severe COVID, and serious adverse events at present it is not possible to infer different effects between homologous and heterologous schemes. Next-generation vaccines could involve tweaks to these designs or changes to delivery mechanisms that might improve performance.}, }
@article {pmid40170623, year = {2025}, author = {Iqbal, MM and Iqbal, A and Evans, RA}, title = {Long COVID update: respiratory sequelae and symptoms.}, journal = {Current opinion in supportive and palliative care}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {95-102}, doi = {10.1097/SPC.0000000000000755}, pmid = {40170623}, issn = {1751-4266}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/physiopathology/therapy ; *Dyspnea/etiology/virology ; Cough/etiology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Lung Diseases, Interstitial/etiology/therapy/virology/physiopathology ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Long COVID affects approximately 6% of the population after SARS-CoV-2 infection commonly involving persistent respiratory symptoms such as breathlessness and cough. This review provides an update on the latest evidence regarding post-COVID condition/Long COVID and respiratory sequelae, focusing on persistent symptoms, respiratory complications, and therapeutic approaches to date.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Post-COVID interstitial lung abnormalities are estimated to persist in approximately 11% of patients hospitalized with acute COVID-19. However, breathlessness is common in adults (non-hospitalized) with Long COVID, suggesting aetiologies beyond pneumonitis. The risk of venous thromboembolic disease in Long COVID remains uncertain and trial results of anti-coagulation in Long COVID are awaited.<br><br>SUMMARY: Long COVID presents complex respiratory challenges, and careful assessment is crucial to differentiate Long COVID symptoms from exacerbations of pre-existing respiratory conditions. Current management includes a symptom-based multidisciplinary approach, with ongoing research into effective treatments including immune modulating agents.}, }
@article {pmid40170442, year = {2025}, author = {Firdaus, MER and Dukhno, E and Kapoor, R and Gerlach, P}, title = {Two Birds With One Stone: RNA Virus Strategies to Manipulate G3BP1 and Other Stress Granule Components.}, journal = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {e70005}, pmid = {40170442}, issn = {1757-7012}, support = {IG 4742//European Molecular Biology Organization/ ; 2022/46/E/NZ1/00273//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; MAB/2017/2 - ReMedy//Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej/ ; }, mesh = {*Stress Granules/metabolism ; Humans ; *RNA Recognition Motif Proteins/metabolism ; *Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *RNA Helicases/metabolism ; Animals ; RNA Viruses/metabolism/physiology ; DNA Helicases/metabolism ; Virus Replication ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less organelles forming in the cytoplasm in response to various types of stress, including viral infection. SGs and SG-associated proteins can play either a proviral role, by facilitating viral replication, or an antiviral role, by limiting the translation capacity, sequestering viral RNA, or contributing to the innate immune response of the cell. Consequently, viruses frequently target stress granules while counteracting cellular translation shut-off and the antiviral response. One strategy is to sequester SG components, not only to impair their assembly but also to repurpose and incorporate them into viral replication sites. G3BP1 is a key SG protein, driving its nucleation through protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. Many cellular proteins, including other SG components, interact with G3BP1 via their ΦxFG motifs. Notably, SARS-CoV N proteins and alphaviral nsP3 proteins contain similar motifs, allowing them to compete for G3BP1. Several SG proteins have been shown to interact with the flaviviral capsid protein, which is primarily responsible for anchoring the viral genome inside the virion. There are also numerous examples of structured elements within coronaviral and flaviviral RNAs recruiting or sponging SG proteins. Despite these insights, the structural and biochemical details of SG-virus interactions remain largely unexplored and are known only for a handful of cases. Exploring their molecular relevance for infection and discovering new examples of direct SG-virus contacts is highly important, as advances in this area will open new possibilities for the design of targeted therapies and potentially broad-spectrum antivirals.}, }
@article {pmid40169414, year = {2025}, author = {Wiegand, HF and Adorjan, K and Stoffers-Winterling, J and Scheithauer, S and Schmitt, J and Tüscher, O and Falkai, P and Lieb, K}, title = {[Mental health and mental healthcare as elements of pandemic and crisis preparedness].}, journal = {Der Nervenarzt}, volume = {96}, number = {3}, pages = {272-277}, pmid = {40169414}, issn = {1433-0407}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Germany/epidemiology ; *Mental Health Services/organization &amp; administration ; *Mental Disorders/therapy/epidemiology/psychology ; *Mental Health ; *Crisis Intervention/organization &amp; administration ; Female ; Adolescent ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic was challenging in terms of the mental health of the population and the provision of mental health services.<br><br>AIMS OF THE STUDY: To gain insights from the pandemic for an improved pandemic and crisis preparedness for the future.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: Recommendations are derived from the results of reviews on mental health and psychiatric psychotherapeutic care during the pandemic.<br><br>RESULTS: Large sections of the population proved to be resilient in terms of mental health. Populations at risk showed increased stress, particularly children, adolescents, women, people with low socioeconomic status, people in nursing homes and healthcare workers. People with long/post-COVID were also particularly affected. At the same time there were significant restrictions on the provision of psychiatric psychotherapeutic care, particularly in the inpatient sector. Insufficient current data on the mental health of the population and a&#xa0;lack of surveillance of service utilization, despite an existing data basis, made it difficult for timely detection of stress and care restrictions and an adequate response for crisis management. The rigid sectorization of the mental healthcare system often prevented alternative outpatient care.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The national mental health surveillance should be continued and further developed. Structures should be provided for the time-sensitive consolidation of data and the multiprofessional generation of recommendations in order to be able to detect and respond to challenges due to bottlenecks in the provision of care and stress in risk groups. Flexible, cross-sectoral mental healthcare should be made possible throughout Germany.}, }
@article {pmid40168990, year = {2025}, author = {Purushotham, JN and Lutz, HL and Parker, E and Andersen, KG}, title = {Immunological drivers of zoonotic virus emergence, evolution, and endemicity.}, journal = {Immunity}, volume = {58}, number = {4}, pages = {784-796}, pmid = {40168990}, issn = {1097-4180}, support = {U01 AI151812/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U19 AI135995/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/immunology/epidemiology/virology ; *Zoonoses/immunology/epidemiology/virology ; *Viral Zoonoses/immunology/epidemiology/transmission ; Biological Evolution ; Endemic Diseases ; *RNA Viruses/immunology ; Evolution, Molecular ; }, abstract = {The disruption of natural ecosystems caused by climate change and human activity is amplifying the risk of zoonotic spillover, presenting a growing global health threat. In the past two decades, the emergence of multiple zoonotic viruses has exposed critical gaps in our ability to predict epidemic trajectories and implement effective interventions. RNA viruses, in particular, are challenging to control due to their high mutation rates and ability to adapt and evade immune defenses. To better prepare for future outbreaks, it is vital that we deepen our understanding of the factors driving viral emergence, transmission, and persistence in human populations. Specifically, deciphering the interactions between antibody-mediated immunity and viral evolution will be key. In this perspective, we explore these dynamic relationships and highlight research priorities that may guide the development of more effective strategies to mitigate the impact of emerging infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40168512, year = {2025}, author = {Tran, BX and Vu, HN and Duong, DB and Boyer, L and Long, TH and Nguyen, DC and Tang, S}, title = {Enhancing human and animal health data integration and informed actions for pandemic preparedness at the primary healthcare level: a multisectoral conceptual framework.}, journal = {Journal of global health}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {03018}, pmid = {40168512}, issn = {2047-2986}, mesh = {Humans ; *Primary Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; Vietnam/epidemiology ; Animals ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Telemedicine/organization &amp; administration ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Pandemic Preparedness ; }, abstract = {A key priority for strengthening global health capacity for pandemic response is rapid risk assessment for timely, context-specific decision-making. However, integrating human and animal health data for preparedness remains a challenge, especially at the primary healthcare (PHC) level. Here we review Vietnam's pandemic response and propose a conceptual framework for improving data integration across sectors in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the country's progress in health information systems and telehealth, disparities in data use and coordination between human and animal health sectors hindered effective responses. Existing mechanisms between healthcare and veterinary professionals lack integrated data-sharing, delaying risk communication and crisis management, particularly in rural areas with limited IT access and infrastructure. The proposed model includes five components: data interoperability with standardised indicators for real-time synthesis; robust digital health infrastructure and telehealth expansion; capacity building in data management for health and veterinary professionals; epidemic intelligence tools for risk assessment; and evidence-driven decision-making for coordinated epidemic responses. This model offers a pathway to strengthen health systems and improve pandemic preparedness at the PHC level in Vietnam and similar settings.}, }
@article {pmid40168509, year = {2025}, author = {Rudan, I and Kerr, S and Simpson, CR and Kurdi, A and Adeloye, D and Robertson, C and Sheikh, A and , }, title = {The COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people during 2022-24: what new did we learn?.}, journal = {Journal of global health}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {01002}, pmid = {40168509}, issn = {2047-2986}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/complications ; Child ; Adolescent ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Child, Preschool ; Pandemics ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; }, abstract = {The research conducted between 2022 and 2024 has advanced our understanding of COVID-19 in children and young people (CYP), particularly with the emergence of the Omicron variant and its subvariants. The findings have reinforced that, while Omicron infections are often milder compared to earlier variants, the overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children has increased, with notable regional and demographic disparities. COVID-19-related hospitalisation rates in children rose during Omicron waves, especially among infants, unvaccinated individuals, and CYP at higher risk, i.e. with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and neurological or cardiac conditions. Despite this, severe disease and mortality in children remained very low. The observed increases in type 1 diabetes incidence and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have also highlighted the broader systemic effects of SARS-CoV-2 in paediatric populations. Evidence has underscored the protective effect of vaccination in preventing severe disease and MIS-C and vaccine safety, emphasising the need for targeted immunisation strategies, particularly among children who may be at higher risk. Studies have also estimated that a significant proportion of children experienced persistent post-COVID-19 infection symptoms such as fatigue, mood disturbances, sleep disorders, and respiratory difficulties, but the reported prevalence varied widely, from as low as 1.6% to as high as 70%, due to differences in study methodologies, case definitions, and populations studied. Standardised definitions and measurement tools, such as those developed through international consensus processes, are required to improve diagnosis, treatment, and research into this persisting condition. Ethnic disparities in vaccine uptake persist, implying that vaccine hesitancy and accessibility, alongside approaches to countering disinformation, are important areas for future research.}, }
@article {pmid40168270, year = {2025}, author = {Yagihashi, M and Sakuma, A and Murakami, M}, title = {Psychotherapies and psychological support for individuals facing psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, pages = {e0318192}, pmid = {40168270}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Psychotherapy/methods ; *Psychological Distress ; *Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods ; Stress, Psychological/therapy/psychology ; }, abstract = {In this scoping review, we investigated the psychotherapies and psychological support provided during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to clarify its recipients and the methods employed, among other characteristics. We used Scopus and PubMed as the two search engines and employed the following search terms: "COVID*" AND ("psychotherap*" OR "psychological support*") AND "psychological distress*." The first search was conducted on October 18, 2022, by reviewing search engines and conducting a manual search. It yielded 154 articles, of which 18 finally met the eligibility criteria after the second round of screening. The distribution of the participants in the intervention studies included in this review was diverse, including the general population, patients with COVID-19, and patients who had recovered from COVID-19. The implementation of psychotherapy was not limited to more advanced countries in psychiatry, indicating the broader reach of these interventions. Psychotherapy includes various methods, including cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance commitment therapy, mindfulness, supportive care, virtual reality therapy, and online educational content via apps. The rise of new technologies may have increased the replacement rate of human therapists. In addition, the use of remote interventions was more common than that of face-to-face interventions. It is necessary to monitor whether the technologies and methods used for the first time during the pandemic will continue to be used in the future. Therefore, further research is needed to compare the effectiveness of remote randomized controlled trials with conventional face-to-face randomized controlled trials. Finally, most of those providing psychotherapies and psychological support in the studies included in this review were not doctors or psychologists.}, }
@article {pmid40168012, year = {2025}, author = {Romano, K and Leone, J and Love, N and Caramore, A}, title = {Diagnostic Precision: Exchanging Urinary Catheters Before Urine Specimen Collection to Reduce Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection.}, journal = {Critical care nurse}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {25-32}, doi = {10.4037/ccn2025857}, pmid = {40168012}, issn = {1940-8250}, mesh = {Humans ; *Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; *Urine Specimen Collection/methods/standards ; *Catheter-Related Infections/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Female ; Urinary Catheters/adverse effects ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Catheterization/adverse effects ; Aged ; Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects ; Aged, 80 and over ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Critical Care Nursing/standards ; Cross Infection/prevention &amp; control/diagnosis ; Intensive Care Units ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections are among the most prevalent and costly types of hospital-acquired infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, growing numbers of critical care patients required indwelling urinary catheters, leading to higher infection rates.<br><br>LOCAL PROBLEM: A critical care unit saw a 7-fold increase in the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of procedures showed that the current standard of care for preventing such infections was inadequate. In particular, patients who could not have indwelling urinary catheters promptly removed risked a potential false-positive diagnosis of catheter-associated urinary tract infection due to clinicians' use of long-term catheters to obtain urine specimens for microbiological evaluation.<br><br>METHODS: A literature review was performed to gather evidence on best practices for urine specimen collection in the critical care unit. An interprofessional task force including frontline nurses advocated implementation of a pilot project in 2 critical care units involving exchange of catheters before obtaining urine specimens for microbiological evaluation in any patient who had an indwelling catheter in place for more than 24 hours.<br><br>RESULTS: Implementation of the new protocol resulted in a major reduction in the diagnosis of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, with no incidents occurring for 2 consecutive quarters. Based on these results, the new evidence-based workflow was incorporated as the standard of care for all adult inpatients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Catheter exchange before collection of urine specimens in patients requiring urine culture evaluation can improve accuracy of diagnosis of catheter-associated urinary tract infection and promote antibiotic stewardship.}, }
@article {pmid40167765, year = {2025}, author = {Ritter, C}, title = {[Digital learning methods in pharmacy].}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40167765}, issn = {1437-1588}, abstract = {With the outbreak of the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic in March 2020 and the associated restrictions on teaching, digital learning methods were increasingly used at many universities. Digital learning methods generally include fully or partially digitized learning elements such as lecture recordings, open learning materials, or e‑portfolios. Fully or partially digitized learning formats include game-based learning, the inverted classroom, mobile learning, the use of social media, online peer and collaborative learning, and adaptive learning. Digitized realities are created in the context of simulation-based learning and in augmented and virtual reality. Online-based event formats and online degree programs are characterized by an almost exclusive proportion of internet-based learning phases.The extent to which digital learning methods are used in pharmacy courses in Germany is explained in this article using selected practical examples. The selected examples include the creation of an audio podcast to assess the performance of a clinical chemistry internship as a form of digital learning element, the use of a digital analysis tool to carry out medication analyses as an example of mobile learning, a blended learning concept to teach the basics of clinical pharmacy, an online concept of virtual bedside teaching, and a game-like simulation for dispensing medicines. The inclusion of artificial intelligence can be helpful in the development and implementation of digital learning offerings. However, a sufficiently high quality and critical approach must be guaranteed.}, }
@article {pmid40167111, year = {2025}, author = {Ocampo, FF and Holroyd, KB}, title = {Updates on the neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {Current opinion in infectious diseases}, volume = {38}, number = {3}, pages = {234-241}, doi = {10.1097/QCO.0000000000001110}, pmid = {40167111}, issn = {1473-6527}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Nervous System Diseases/virology/etiology/therapy ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Since its emergence in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has created a global surge of survivors experiencing neurologic effects from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review aims to provide an updated synthesis of the acute and chronic neurological manifestations of COVID-19, and to outline the current therapeutic strategies for these conditions.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Epidemiological studies have shown that COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms during acute infection tend to have poorer hospital and functional outcomes. While the risk of adverse neurologic symptoms including cognitive dysfunction, headache, autonomic dysfunction, and chronic fatigue are thought to be greatest following infection with the original SARS-CoV-2 strain and its alpha variant, they remain prevalent after infection with subsequent less virulent strains as well. Some recent work has also found a link between SARS-CoV-2 and structural brain changes. However, ongoing trials show promising results for pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments targeting the postacute neurological sequelae of COVID-19.<br><br>SUMMARY: Lingering neurological manifestations after COVID-19 still pose considerable individual, healthcare system, and socioeconomic repercussions. Both preventive and multimodal treatment approaches are necessary to address these conditions. Further research is required to assess the lasting impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the nervous system, particularly its potential contribution to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40166858, year = {2025}, author = {Gottlieb, S and Madkins, K and Lio, P}, title = {An Updated Scoping Review of Disparities in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis.}, journal = {Pediatric dermatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/pde.15914}, pmid = {40166858}, issn = {1525-1470}, abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Health disparities are preventable differences in various aspects of health and encompass a wide range of inequitable outcomes experienced by marginalized patient populations. The objective of this systematic scoping review was to provide an updated summary of published research on disparities within pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) in the United States.<br><br>METHODS: We performed a systematic search of full studies and abstracts according to PRISMA guidelines. Searches were developed with and performed by a medical librarian on various electronic databases for studies published from January 2021 through May 2024. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts, followed by full-text review.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifty-three studies met our inclusion criteria, of which 49 examined disparities due to race/ethnicity, 18 due to socioeconomic factors (SES), 6 due to region/environment, 11 due to sex/gender, and 1 due to preferred language. Disparities discussed included AD prevalence, health outcomes, and access to health care.<br><br>CONCLUSION: With an increasing focus on health disparities research, particularly within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, an update on disparities within pediatric AD is needed. Examining the results of these studies can help point us to interventions that aim to reduce disparities and allow us to identify current knowledge gaps in disparities within pediatric AD.}, }
@article {pmid40166854, year = {2025}, author = {Burkard, M and Piotrowsky, A and Leischner, C and Detert, K and Venturelli, S and Marongiu, L}, title = {The Antiviral Activity of Polyphenols.}, journal = {Molecular nutrition &amp; food research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e70042}, doi = {10.1002/mnfr.70042}, pmid = {40166854}, issn = {1613-4133}, support = {3140080501//Dr. Hans Fritz Stiftung/ ; D.31.15100//PASCOE pharmazeutische Praeparate GmbH/ ; D.32.22506//PASCOE pharmazeutische Praeparate GmbH/ ; AZ: 34-9185.90-1//Ministry of Rural Affairs and Consumer Protection Baden-Wuerttemberg/ ; }, abstract = {Polyphenols are secondary metabolites produced by a large variety of plants. These compounds that comprise the class of phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans, coumarins, flavonoids, and tannins have a wide range of employment, from food production to medical usages. Among the beneficial applications of polyphenols, their antiviral activity is gaining importance due to the increased prevalence of drug-resistant viruses such as herpes and hepatitis B viruses. In the present review, we provide an overview of the most promising or commonly used antiviral polyphenols and their mechanisms of action focusing on their effects on enveloped viruses of clinical importance (double-stranded linear or partially double-stranded circular DNA viruses, negative sense single-stranded RNA viruses with nonsegmented or segmented genomes, and positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses). The present work emphasizes the relevance of polyphenols, in particular epigallocatechin-3-gallate and resveratrol, as alternative or supportive antivirals. Polyphenols could interfere with virtually all steps of viral infection, from the adsorption to the release of viral particles. The activity of polyphenols against viruses is especially relevant given the risk of widespread outbreaks associated with viruses, remarked by the recent COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40166706, year = {2025}, author = {Chambers, JP and Daum, LT and Arulanandam, BP and Valdes, JJ}, title = {Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Imbalance-A Contributor to SARS CoV-2 Disease Severity.}, journal = {Journal of nutrition and metabolism}, volume = {2025}, number = {}, pages = {7075883}, pmid = {40166706}, issn = {2090-0724}, abstract = {Overview: SARS CoV-2 infection is accompanied by the development of acute inflammation, resolution of which determines the course of infection and its outcome. If not resolved (brought back to preinjury status), the inflamed state progresses to a severe clinical presentation characterized by uncontrolled cytokine release, systemic inflammation, and in some death. In severe CoV-2 disease, the required balance between protective inflammation and its resolution appears missing, suggesting that the ω-3-derived specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) needed for resolution are either not present or present at ineffective levels compared to competing ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolic derivatives. Aim: To determine whether ω-6 PUFA linoleic acid (LA) metabolites increased in those infected with severe disease compared to uninfected controls. Findings: Increased levels of ω-6 LA metabolites, e.g., arachidonic acid (AA), epoxyeicosatrienoic (EET) acid derivatives of AA (8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EETs), AA-derived hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE) acid, dihydroxylated diols (leukotoxin and isoleukotoxin), and prostaglandin E2 with decreased levels of ω-3-derived inflammation resolving SPMs. Therapeutic treatment of SARS CoV-2 patients with ω-3 PUFA significantly increased 18-HEPE (SPM precursor) and EPA-derived diols (11,12- and 14,15-diHETE), while toxic 9,10- and 12,13-diHOMEs (leukotoxin and iosleukotoxin, respectively) decreased. Conclusion: Unbalanced dietary intake of ω-6/ω-3 PUFAs contributed to SARS CoV-2 disease severity by decreasing ω-3-dependent SPM resolution of inflammation and increasing membrane-associated ferroptotic AA peroxidation.}, }
@article {pmid40166394, year = {2025}, author = {Hu, J and Xiao, W}, title = {What are the influencing factors of online learning engagement? A systematic literature review.}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1542652}, pmid = {40166394}, issn = {1664-1078}, abstract = {Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, online learning has gained widespread adoption as a learning mode in both K-12 and higher education. Learning engagement serves as a crucial indicator of learning quality and is highly correlated with students' persistence, satisfaction, and academic performance. Numerous researchers have conducted investigations into the factors that influence online learning engagement. This study employs a systematic literature review methodology to synthesize 55 empirical studies published between January 2020 and July 2023. The research findings reveal the following: (1) Community of Inquiry Theory, Self-determination Theory, Social Cognition Theory, Transaction Distance Theory, and Technology Acceptance Model are the most frequently utilized theories employed by researchers to analyze the influencing factors of online learning engagement. (2) Factors that influence online learning engagement from the learners' perspective include Motivation, Digital Experience and Literacy, Emotions and Regulatory Strategies, Psychology, Self-Perception, Self-efficacy, and Self-Directed Learning. Additionally, factors from the environment encompass Instrument, Task characteristics, Digital Platforms and Equipment, Physical Environment, Collaboration, and Interaction. (3) Effective strategies to enhance online learning engagement comprise setting clear learning goals for learners, improving their information and social media literacy, strengthening their self-directed learning ability, providing robust instructor support, and creating an optimal learning environment. Through this comprehensive review, researchers interested in this topic will gain a broader understanding, while also obtaining evidence-based insights and valuable recommendations for future research.}, }
@article {pmid40164818, year = {2025}, author = {Aburass, S and Dorgham, O and Al Shaqsi, J and Abu Rumman, M and Al-Kadi, O}, title = {Vision Transformers in Medical Imaging: a Comprehensive Review of Advancements and Applications Across Multiple Diseases.}, journal = {Journal of imaging informatics in medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10278-025-01481-y}, pmid = {40164818}, issn = {2948-2933}, abstract = {The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence techniques, particularly deep learning, has transformed medical imaging. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent research that leverage vision transformer (ViT) models for medical image classification across various disciplines. The medical fields of focus include breast cancer, skin lesions, magnetic resonance imaging brain tumors, lung diseases, retinal and eye analysis, COVID-19, heart diseases, colon cancer, brain disorders, diabetic retinopathy, skin diseases, kidney diseases, lymph node diseases, and bone analysis. Each work is critically analyzed and interpreted with respect to its performance, data preprocessing methodologies, model architecture, transfer learning techniques, model interpretability, and identified challenges. Our findings suggest that ViT shows promising results in the medical imaging domain, often outperforming traditional convolutional neural networks (CNN). A comprehensive overview is presented in the form of figures and tables summarizing the key findings from each field. This paper provides critical insights into the current state of medical image classification using ViT and highlights potential future directions for this rapidly evolving research area.}, }
@article {pmid40164729, year = {2025}, author = {Chen, S and Liang, Y and Mo, JMY and Li, QHY and He, B and Luo, S and Burgess, S and Au Yeung, SL}, title = {Challenges in interpreting Mendelian randomization studies with a disease as the exposure: Using COVID-19 liability studies as an exemplar.}, journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG}, volume = {33}, number = {5}, pages = {658-665}, pmid = {40164729}, issn = {1476-5438}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/genetics/epidemiology ; *Mendelian Randomization Analysis/methods/standards ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; }, abstract = {Mendelian randomization (MR) studies using diseases as exposures are increasingly prevalent although any observed associations do not necessarily imply effect of diseases. To illustrate this challenge, we conducted a systematic review of MR studies focusing on COVID-19 consequence. We hypothesized if outcome genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted before COVID-19 pandemic in late 2019, any observed associations in these studies were unlikely to be driven by COVID-19. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE for all MR studies published between 1 January 2019 and 20 May 2023. Inclusion criteria included MR studies which used COVID-19 as the exposure and designed to assess COVID-19's impact on health outcomes. We extracted relevant information, such as result interpretation and relevance assumption assessment. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023421079). Amongst 57 included studies, 45 studies used outcome GWAS published prior to 2019 whilst the remaining studies likely used outcome GWAS containing data collected before 2019. Relevance assumption was assessed mainly by p values. A total of 35 studies showed an association of COVID-19 liability with health outcomes. Regardless of the results, 45 studies attributed these as evidence (or lack of evidence) of COVID-19 consequence. In MR studies using disease liability as exposure, relevance assumption should consider the prevalence of the disease in the outcome GWAS in the context of 2 sample Mendelian randomization study rather than p values/F-statistic alone. Even when these are verified, these studies likely suffered from pleiotropy, making corresponding interpretation as effect of disease challenging.}, }
@article {pmid40163647, year = {2025}, author = {Amarsanaa, J and Batsaikhan, O and Jargalsaikhan, B and Kubo, T and Ghotbi, N and Kayano, R and Chimed-Ochir, O}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health emergency and disaster risk management systems: a scoping review of mental health support provided to health care workers.}, journal = {Journal of occupational health}, volume = {67}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {40163647}, issn = {1348-9585}, support = {//World Health Organization Kobe Centre for Health Development/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; *Risk Management ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; Resilience, Psychological ; *Mental Health Services/organization &amp; administration ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This systematic scoping review examined the strategies used by different countries and institutions to support the mental health of health care workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify effective practices and the lessons learned in dealing with the associated challenges.<br><br>METHODS: Of 1330 retrieved articles from PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science, 34 articles were ultimately included in the final analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: The analysis revealed that mental health consultation services, especially telephone support lines, online interventions, and apps, played a critical role in addressing the psychological burden experienced by HCWs. Group activities and peer support strategies offered personalized support, and educational programs offered crucial information regarding stress management. Improvements in the work environment, such as the addition of dedicated rest areas, enhanced the well-being of HCWs. However, many interventions suffered from low participation and a lack of tailored content, despite their apparent effectiveness.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Many interventions have focused on psychological support and resilience-building for HCWs, but they often overlook systemic issues. Comprehensive mental health support must address these systemic factors, such as adequate staffing, training, and resource allocation. Future strategies should emphasize leadership commitment to tackling root causes and actively involve HCWs in program design to ensure relevance and effectiveness. Educational resources and wellness interventions, although reported as effective, need to be tailored and adapted to specific emergencies. Additionally, research gaps, especially in low-resource settings, highlight the need for further studies to enhance preparedness for future crises.}, }
@article {pmid40162161, year = {2025}, author = {Thanakamchokchai, J and Khobkhun, F and Phetsitong, R and Chaiyawat, P and Areerak, K and Niemrungruang, K and Tretriluxana, J}, title = {Effectiveness of telerehabilitation on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.}, journal = {Digital health}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {20552076251325993}, pmid = {40162161}, issn = {2055-2076}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to synthesize and analyze the evidence on the effectiveness of telerehabilitation categorized according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) outcomes for physical therapy (PT) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: Studies were identified using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and other sources of data. Randomized controlled trials comparing telerehabilitation with the control group (i.e., no treatment/usual care) were included. Standard meta-analysis techniques were applied to assess the effectiveness of telerehabilitation. Outcome measures were categorized according to the domains of the ICF.<br><br>RESULTS: Among the 134 studies that met the eligibility criteria, the majority of findings demonstrated significant improvements across all domains of the ICF following telerehabilitation as compared to the control group, regardless of participant groups. Only 9 of 134 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Six studies enrolled individuals with COVID-19 and the remaining three enrolled individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who were unable to access services at the clinic. Compared with the control group, the Borg-Rating-of-Perceived-Exertion scale, as reflected in an impairment domain, was significantly lower in individuals with COVID-19 who received telerehabilitation (3 studies, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;135; standardized mean difference (SMD) -1.82, 95% CI -2.77 to -0.86). Compared with that in the control group, 30-second sit-to-stand test (3 studies, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;122; SMD 0.88, 95% CI 0.52-1.25) and 6-minute-walking test (4 studies, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;221; SMD 0.83, 95% CI 0.42-1.24), as reflected to an activity domain, showed significant improvement in the telerehabilitation group. Conversely, there was no effectiveness of telerehabilitation on an activity domain as measured by the timed up and go test in people with knee OA (3 studies, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;111; SMD -0.45, 95% CI -1.19 to 0.30).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence supporting the effectiveness of telerehabilitation across all domains of the ICF, with significant improvements observed in the impairment and activity domains for individuals with COVID-19. These improvements are particularly evident in the meta-analysis findings such as perceived exertion, leg strength, and functional capacity.}, }
@article {pmid40161998, year = {2025}, author = {Qiu, Y and Hu, G}, title = {Lung-on-a-chip: From design principles to disease applications.}, journal = {Biomicrofluidics}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {021501}, pmid = {40161998}, issn = {1932-1058}, abstract = {To address the growing need for accurate lung models, particularly in light of respiratory diseases, lung cancer, and the COVID-19 pandemic, lung-on-a-chip technology is emerging as a powerful alternative. Lung-on-a-chip devices utilize microfluidics to create three-dimensional models that closely mimic key physiological features of the human lung, such as the air-liquid interface, mechanical forces associated with respiration, and fluid dynamics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental components of lung-on-a-chip systems, the diverse fabrication methods used to construct these complex models, and a summary of their wide range of applications in disease modeling and aerosol deposition studies. Despite existing challenges, lung-on-a-chip models hold immense potential for advancing personalized medicine, drug development, and disease prevention, offering a transformative approach to respiratory health research.}, }
@article {pmid40159950, year = {2025}, author = {Maximiano-Barreto, MA and Monteiro, DQ and Alves, LCS and Raminelli, AO and Coelho, HER and Inouye, K and Bas-Sarmiento, P and Luchesi, BM}, title = {Sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with low health literacy among Indigenous populations: a systematic review.}, journal = {Health promotion international}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/heapro/daaf018}, pmid = {40159950}, issn = {1460-2245}, support = {//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; //Coordination for the Advancement of Higher Education Personnel/ ; //Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 308019/2023-7//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Health Literacy ; *Indigenous Peoples ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Sociodemographic Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; COVID-19/ethnology ; Male ; Female ; }, abstract = {Indigenous people represent 6% of the world's population and, over time, this population has faced different negative consequences, including those related to health. Health literacy is a variable that can help reduce the health-related harm faced by Indigenous people, since low health literacy has been considered a public health problem. The aim was to review the literature on sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with low health literacy among Indigenous people. To do this, we conducted a systematic review following the recommendations of the PRISMA Statement and approved by PROSPERO (CRD42024591888). A total of seven articles make up the results of this review. The findings show that the low health literacy of Indigenous people is associated with sociodemographic characteristics (e.g. older age, male gender, lower income and educational level) and health-related aspects such as having more than one chronic condition, low perception of COVID-19 risk, low chance of cancer screening, poorer glycemic control, eating behavior, self-monitoring of blood glucose and knowledge about diabetes and difficulty in understanding health information (e.g. medication labels). Although the number of articles selected for this review was small, it should be noted that they all presented a low risk of bias. Sociodemographic and health factors are associated with low health literacy among the Indigenous population. The findings demonstrate the importance of planning public policies to promote health and especially health literacy among this neglected population.}, }
@article {pmid40159916, year = {2025}, author = {Sterian, M and Naganathan, T and Corrin, T and Waddell, L}, title = {Evidence on the associations and safety of COVID-19 vaccination and post COVID-19 condition: an updated living systematic review.}, journal = {Epidemiology and infection}, volume = {153}, number = {}, pages = {e62}, pmid = {40159916}, issn = {1469-4409}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/complications ; *Vaccination/adverse effects ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adolescent ; }, abstract = {Post COVID-19 condition (PCC) refers to persistent symptoms occurring ≥12 weeks after COVID-19. This living systematic review (SR) assessed the impact of vaccination on PCC and vaccine safety among those with PCC, and was previously published with data up to December 2022. Searches were updated to 31 January 2024 and standard SR methodology was followed. Seventy-eight observational studies were included (47 new). There is moderate confidence that two doses pre-infection reduces the odds of PCC (pooled OR (pOR) 0.69, 95% CI 0.64-0.74, I[2] = 35.16%). There is low confidence for remaining outcomes of one dose and three or more doses. A booster dose may further reduce the odds of PCC compared to only a primary series (pOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.98, I[2] = 16.85%). Among children ≤18 years old, vaccination may not reduce the odds (pOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.56-1.11, I[2] = 37.2%) of PCC. One study suggests that vaccination within 12 weeks post-infection may reduce the odds of PCC. For those with PCC, vaccination appears safe (four studies) and may reduce the odds of PCC persistence (pOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.92, I[2] = 15.5%).}, }
@article {pmid40159732, year = {2025}, author = {Babov, K and Kysylevska, A and Plakida, A and Sierpińska, LE and Zabolotna, I and Gushcha, S}, title = {The use of mineral waters in rehabilitating patients with coronavirus disease - a review.}, journal = {Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM}, volume = {32}, number = {1}, pages = {20-26}, doi = {10.26444/aaem/196916}, pmid = {40159732}, issn = {1898-2263}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/rehabilitation ; *Mineral Waters ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Ukraine ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The review aimed to consider evidence of the effectiveness of using mineral waters in the rehabilitation of patients who have had a coronavirus disease.<br><br>REVIEW METHODS: The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023438740). Relevant studies were systematically reviewed, based on randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis that included at least one group receiving mineral waters (MW). General scientific papers and regulatory documents on health care in Ukraine, including rehabilitation and resort resources, and rehabilitation protocols after the coronavirus disease, were also used for the analysis. Search for articles and other scientific works published in English and Ukrainian from 1994 to 5 February 2023, was conducted in the following databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Dual data abstraction, quality assessment, and strength of evidence was also performeds. The results were evaluated of using various mineral waters in the rehabilitation of patients with complications of COVID-19 disease.<br><br>Most of the studies (28%) are devoted to the use of mineral waters for complications of the respiratory system. 12% of papers were devoted to the pathology of the musculoskeletal system, 10% to chronic fatigue (asthenia), anxiety-depressive, and other neuropsychiatric disorders, 9% to &#x435;&#x440;&#x443; cardiovascular system, and 8% to dermatological problems.<br><br>SUMMARY: Differentiated use of balneotherapy, considering the composition of MW, temperature, and the frequency of their application, allows for increasing the effectiveness of rehabilitation of post-Covid-19 complications of various organs and systems of the body.}, }
@article {pmid40157494, year = {2025}, author = {Altwayan, R and Tombuloglu, H and Alhamid, G and Karagoz, A and Alshammari, T and Alsaeed, M and Al-Hariri, M and Rabaan, A and Unver, T}, title = {Comprehensive review of thrombophilia: pathophysiology, prevalence, risk factors, and molecular diagnosis.}, journal = {Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.tracli.2025.03.004}, pmid = {40157494}, issn = {1953-8022}, abstract = {Thrombophilia, characterized by an imbalance between fibrinolysis and coagulation leading to inappropriate blood clotting, is a significant medical condition. The CDC has designated it as an underdiagnosed, serious, and potentially preventable disorder, contributing to an estimated 600,000-900,000 cases and 100,000 deaths annually in the United States. These figures surpass the combined annual mortality of AIDS, breast cancer, and motor vehicle accidents. The pathogenesis of thrombophilia involves complex interactions between genetic predispositions, such as mutations in Factor V Leiden, Factor II, MTHFR, and Serpine-1, and environmental factors, including unhealthy lifestyles, prolonged hospitalization, obesity, and cancer. Prevalence of specific genetic mutations varies across populations. Additional risk factors include age, family history, and pregnancy, with recent attention to increased susceptibility in SARS-CoV-2 infection. While molecular diagnostic techniques are available, there remains a need for robust, cost-effective, and accurate screening methods for large populations. This systematic review provides an updated overview of thrombophilia, encompassing pathophysiology, epidemiology, genetic and environmental risk factors, coagulation cascade, population-specific mutation prevalence, and diagnostic approaches. By synthesizing clinical and molecular evidence, this review aims to guide researchers, hematologists, and clinicians in the diagnosis and management of thrombophilia.}, }
@article {pmid40157425, year = {2025}, author = {Tulio, EF and Lucini, F and de Lima, AC and Garoni Martins do Carmo, ND and Barbosa, MDS and de Almeida de Souza, GH and Rossato, L}, title = {Candida infections in COVID-19 patients: A review of prevalence, risk factors, and mortality.}, journal = {Indian journal of medical microbiology}, volume = {55}, number = {}, pages = {100831}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100831}, pmid = {40157425}, issn = {1998-3646}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Candida spp. infections have increasingly been reported among COVID-19 patients, yet the epidemiological factors, diagnostic methods, and outcomes associated with these infections remain poorly understood. These infections, particularly in ICU settings, present significant challenges due to high mortality rates and rising antifungal resistance. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida in COVID-19 patients, providing clinical and epidemiological insights.<br><br>METHODS: A review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and BVS databases, covering articles published from January 2020 to May 2024. Inclusion criteria included case reports or case series providing detailed information on Candida spp. in COVID-19 patients. Data extraction focused on patient demographics, underlying diseases, antifungal and antibiotic therapies, antifungal susceptibility, resistance profiles, and outcomes. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software.<br><br>RESULTS: The review included 67 studies, totaling 223 COVID-19 patients. Male patients were predominant. Common comorbidities included hypertension, cancer, and dyslipidemia. Echinocandins were the primary antifungal treatment. Non-albicans Candida exhibited a higher resistance rate (47.10&#xa0;%) compared to C. albicans (2.35&#xa0;%). Overall mortality rates were high, at 60.50&#xa0;% for C. albicans and 62.30&#xa0;% for non-albicans. Significant risk factors for mortality included age, central venous catheter use, ICU admission, and corticosteroid therapy.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The study identified critical risk factors and clinical characteristics in COVID-19 patients with Candida infections. The high incidence of antifungal resistance among non-albicans and high mortality rates highlight the need for vigilant monitoring and targeted antifungal strategies to improve outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40157321, year = {2025}, author = {Anderson, M and Lopez, J and Wyr, M and Ramirez, PW}, title = {Defining diverse spike-receptor interactions involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {607}, number = {}, pages = {110507}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110507}, pmid = {40157321}, issn = {1096-0341}, support = {R16 AI184450/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; T32 GM138075/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; T34 GM149378/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; *Virus Internalization/drug effects ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; *COVID-19/virology/metabolism ; *Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; }, abstract = {Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped RNA virus that caused the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein binds to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cells to facilitate viral entry. However, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in nearly all human organs - including those with little or no ACE2 expression - suggests the involvement of alternative receptors. Recent studies have identified several cellular proteins and molecules that influence SARS-CoV-2 entry through ACE2-dependent, ACE2-independent, or inhibitory mechanisms. In this review, we explore how these alternative receptors were identified, their expression patterns and roles in viral entry, and their impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we discuss therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting these virus-receptor interactions to mitigate COVID-19 pathogenesis.}, }
@article {pmid40156779, year = {2024}, author = {Arinola, G and Onifade, AA and Adigun, K and Oshingbesan, MB}, title = {Review of immune-metabolic studies and re-purposed treatments of Nigerian COVID-19 patients: A pointer to mild, gender- and age-based status of admitted patients.}, journal = {Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {177-183}, doi = {10.54548/njps.v39i2.2}, pmid = {40156779}, issn = {0794-859X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/epidemiology ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Age Factors ; Female ; Male ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Sex Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; }, abstract = {When Severe Acute Respiratory human Coronavirus 2 (SARS-hCOV 2) infection began in December 2019, detailed knowledge about the virus was lacking. This included non-availability of anti-viral treatment or vaccine, no knowledge of virus-human interaction, and lack of prognostic factors for stages of illness among others. A publication in Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences (2020). 35: 20-25 titled "Immune Responses During Human Coronavirus Infection: Suggestions For Future Studies" adduced investigations into immune parameters of COVID-19 patients so as to throw more light on the immunopathogenesis of SAR-CoV-2 infection, in order to create avenue for the development of vaccines or herd immunity. This present publication is a review of studies carried out on COVID-19 patients in one Infectious Diseases Center (I.D.C), Ibadan, Nigeria as a response to the gaps in knowledge raised in above mentioned publication. Cummulatively, immune-metabolic studies from this IDC revealed mild, age- and sex-dependent status of COVID-19 in patients admitted into this center. Thus, explaining the basis for the effectiveness of adopted re-purposed drugs (chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, zinc, vitamins C and D and or antibiotics), physiotherapy and nutritional support used for the management of admitted COVID-19 patients. Also, this paper vindicated that inflammation was heightened during SARS-CoV 2 infection; therefore therapeutic interventions to control the inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, antibodies against structural and non-structural proteins or blocks receptor sites were proposed. In addition, development of herd immunity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines (Astrazeneca and Moderna) were elucidated in general population. However, study to determine host genetic factors in hCoV infection was lacking. This review concluded that interdisciplinary collaborative approach will be useful in the management of future emerging or re-emerging infection.}, }
@article {pmid40156532, year = {2024}, author = {Sharma, P and Malik, S and Wadhwan, V and Sharma, K and Chauhan, A and Sharma, R}, title = {Oral and Maxillo-facial Fungal Infections in COVID-19 Patients - A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research}, volume = {35}, number = {4}, pages = {459-464}, pmid = {40156532}, issn = {1998-3603}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; Mycoses/complications ; Mucormycosis/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Opportunistic Infections/complications ; }, abstract = {The main objective of the current systematic review was to compile and evaluate the data on opportunistic maxillofacial mycotic infections in COVID-19 patients during the treatment and post-recovery period of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Comorbidities like diabetes, corticosteroid use, and mortality among COVID-19-associated patients presenting with oral and maxillofacial fungal infections were also assessed. The review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. A comprehensive search was carried out in the archives of Web of Science, Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Lilacs, and Livivo in combination with Boolean operators till 24th June 2022, and cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports deliberating on maxillofacial mycoses in COVID-19 were included. The included studies were meted to the risk of bias using the Joana Briggs Institute Appraisal tools for prevalence studies, case series, and case reports. In a two-stage collection, 20 studies were included: 9 observational (3269 patients), 5 case-series (42 patients), and 6 case reports (8 patients) from 7 countries. Mucormycosis was the most commonly reported maxillofacial fungal infection (96.7%/3162 cases), followed by candidiasis (3.2%/105 cases) associated with COVID-19. Although aspergillosis was observed in only one case and one patient, a mixed mycotic infection demonstrating both aspergillus and mucor fungal elements was identified in one patient. Comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, indiscriminate corticosteroid use and immunosuppression leads to invasive maxillofacial fungal infections in COVID-19, which may prove to be fatal.}, }
@article {pmid40155903, year = {2025}, author = {Morelli, T and Freeman, A and Staples, KJ and Wilkinson, TMA}, title = {Hidden in plain sight: the impact of human rhinovirus infection in adults.}, journal = {Respiratory research}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {120}, pmid = {40155903}, issn = {1465-993X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Rhinovirus/pathogenicity ; *Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/virology ; Adult ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/virology/diagnosis ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Human rhinovirus (HRV), a non-enveloped RNA virus, was first identified more than 70 years ago. It is highly infectious and easily transmitted through aerosols and direct contact. The advent of multiplex PCR has enhanced the detection of a diverse range of respiratory viruses, and HRV consistently ranks among the most prevalent respiratory pathogens globally. Circulation occurs throughout the year, with peak incidence in autumn and spring in temperate climates. Remarkably, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, HRV transmission persisted, demonstrating its resistance to stringent public health measures aimed at curbing viral transmission.<br><br>MAIN BODY: HRV is characterised by its extensive genetic diversity, comprising three species and more than 170 genotypes. This diversity and substantial number of concurrently circulating strains allows HRVs to frequently escape the adaptive immune system and poses formidable challenges for the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapies. There is currently a lack of specific treatments. Historically, HRV has been associated with self-limiting upper respiratory infection. However, there is now extensive evidence highlighting its significant role in severe lower respiratory disease in adults, including exacerbations of chronic airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as pneumonia. These severe manifestations can occur even in immunocompetent individuals, broadening the clinical impact of this ubiquitous virus. Consequently, the burden of rhinovirus infections extends across various healthcare settings, from primary care to general hospital wards and intensive care units. The impact of HRV in adults, in terms of morbidity and healthcare utilisation, rivals that of the other major respiratory viruses, including influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Recognition of this substantial burden underscores the critical need for novel treatment strategies and effective management protocols to mitigate the impact of HRV infections on public health.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review examines the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and risk factors associated with severe HRV infection in adults. By drawing on contemporary literature, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the virus's significant health implications. Understanding the scope of this impact is essential for developing new, targeted interventions and improving patient outcomes in the face of this persistent and adaptable pathogen.}, }
@article {pmid40155114, year = {2025}, author = {Cavaleri, M and de Sousa, CMA and Hacker, A and Higgs, ES and Lumpkin, MM and Maia, CS and Mathur, R and Fimbo, AM and Reis, A and Shin, KS and Vaughn, DW and Zhang, W and Moorthy, V}, title = {A roadmap for fostering timely regulatory and ethics approvals of international clinical trials in support of global health research systems.}, journal = {The Lancet. Global health}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {e769-e777}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00515-1}, pmid = {40155114}, issn = {2214-109X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics/standards ; *Global Health ; *COVID-19 ; International Cooperation ; Biomedical Research/ethics/standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The global clinical research ecosystem faced highs and lows during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key issues included research waste from poor-quality trials and fragmented regulatory and ethical reviews. Streamlining and harmonising these review processes is crucial for efficient, robust, and timely multinational trials, ensuring rigorous scientific standards, proper safety, and ethical oversight. Robust regulatory and ethics review systems thrive on continuous learning and efficient processes, crucial for high-quality research. Enhancing trial design and implementation, and guiding innovative approaches including decentralised trials and patient-centric designs are essential for the regulatory and ethics authorities to advance public health. These approaches are built on the principles of global guidance outlined in International Coalition for Harmonization Good Clinical Practice guidelines and the WHO guidance for best practice for clinical trials. To realise the agreed vision at the first WHO Global Clinical Trials Forum in 2023, a panel of international experts in clinical research, including representatives from national and regional regulatory and ethics authorities, proposes key actions to improve coordination and streamlining of regulatory and ethics review. The actions emphasise: leveraging existing trial networks and capacity-building initiatives; advancing joint and parallel regulatory and ethics reviews and single national ethics review; improving transparency on approval requirements; simplifying and standardising informed consent forms and processes; and developing mechanisms to improve efficiency for trial site contracting as well as exportation and importation of investigational products for trials. The proposed actions for the reform are urgent and key to generate evidence to enable access to safe and effective interventions for populations most in need.}, }
@article {pmid40155111, year = {2025}, author = {Dey, T and Widmer, M and Coomarasamy, A and Goudar, SS and Berrueta, M and Coutinho, E and Gaaloul, ME and Faden, RR and Gülmezoglu, AM and Justus Hofmeyr, G and Knight, M and Lamprianou, S and Mastroianni, AC and Munoz, FM and Oladapo, OT and Penazzato, M and Renaud, F and Townsend, CL and Bonet, M}, title = {Advancing maternal and perinatal health through clinical trials: key insights from a WHO global consultation.}, journal = {The Lancet. Global health}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {e740-e748}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00512-6}, pmid = {40155111}, issn = {2214-109X}, mesh = {Humans ; *World Health Organization ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics/organization &amp; administration/legislation &amp; jurisprudence/standards ; *Maternal Health ; Global Health ; Perinatal Care/standards/ethics/organization &amp; administration/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; }, abstract = {Pregnant and lactating women have long been excluded from participation in clinical research. This exclusion has resulted in the absence of high-quality evidence on the effectiveness and safety of medical products (medicines, vaccines, and other biological or biomedical products) during pregnancy and lactation, and fragmented health policies and practice recommendations. Based on the discussions at the inaugural WHO Global Clinical Trials Forum in November, 2023, a rapid review of key global, regional, or national ethical and regulatory documents, and previous expert consultations, this paper aims to summarise obstacles and suggest opportunities for appropriate inclusion of pregnant and lactating women in clinical trials. The main challenges identified relate to issues of: trial design; inconsistent interpretation and implementation of ethical, regulatory, and legal guidance; high costs of trials and low return on investments; insufficient research capacity and funding opportunities; misinformation; and insufficient community engagement. Appropriate inclusion is necessary and possible through: multi-stakeholder coordination; alignment with governance bodies to streamline ethical, regulatory, and legal processes for trial conduct; advocacy to prioritise investments in research; stronger focus on capacity strengthening; and good participatory practice that includes women and communities. A paradigm shift towards more inclusive and integrated research methodologies is urgently needed. This shift extends beyond pregnancy to transform the overall trial ecosystem and prioritise the health and wellbeing of all women and their infants everywhere, to truly achieve equitable access to health and innovations and leave no one behind.}, }
@article {pmid40155089, year = {2025}, author = {Saadi, S and Adoui, F and Nacer, NE and Boudjellal, A and Boughellout, H and Anwar, F and Benyahia, FA and Baali, S and Ghazali, HM and Saari, N and Mohammed, AS and Ariffin, AA and Boo, HC and Miskandar, MS and Hamid, AA}, title = {Recent advances in chemistry, biochemistry, and nutrition of dates palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars.}, journal = {Advances in food and nutrition research}, volume = {114}, number = {}, pages = {415-484}, doi = {10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.11.001}, pmid = {40155089}, issn = {1043-4526}, mesh = {*Phoeniceae/chemistry ; *Fruit/chemistry ; *Nutritive Value ; Humans ; }, abstract = {Date palm trees, fruits and leaves have historic life changes with human beings, and their utilizations started by using them as foods and remedy, especially against the resulting bruises of consecutive wars involving wounds, burnes and invasive diseases such as Malaria, Cholera and recently against the emergence of Covid-19 disease symptoms. The richness of palm date- fruits with reducing sugars, polyphenolic acids, flavonoid compounds, hydrosoluble and liposoluble vitamins makes them as versatile food and feed products. In part, minerals remain as the catalyst elements for these golden fruits. In other part, the distribution of essential oils at the mesocarps of date fruits and into date pits constitutes other integral part with substantial therapeutic and nutrigenomic contributions. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a bound enzyme involved in the ripening of the date fruits. The aim of this book chapter is devoted in exploring the recent advances in date palm fruit cultivars as natural bioresources and the key elements beyond to their chemistry, biochemistry, and nutrition aspects, shedding lights on their important metabolites in enhancing food nutritional values, and human health attributes.}, }
@article {pmid40155085, year = {2025}, author = {Ozogul, F and Rathod, N and Köse, S and Alak, G and Kızılyıldırım, S and Bilgin, &#x15e; and Emir Çoban, &#xd6; and İnanlı, AG and Ünal-Şengör, GF and İzci, L and Ozogul, Y and Tokur, B and Ucak, &#x130; and Ceylan, Z and Kulawik, P}, title = {Biochemical and microbial food safety hazards in seafood: A Mediterranean perspective (Part 2).}, journal = {Advances in food and nutrition research}, volume = {114}, number = {}, pages = {209-271}, doi = {10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.09.003}, pmid = {40155085}, issn = {1043-4526}, mesh = {*Seafood/microbiology ; Humans ; *Food Safety ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Mediterranean Region ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Animals ; Food Microbiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The marine environment is teeming with a diverse array of algae, dinoflagellates and phytoplankton. These organisms possess the remarkable capacity to produce toxic compounds that can be passed to humans through the ingestion of seafood, resulting in potential health risks. Similarly, seafood can be susceptible to contamination from various microorganisms, viruses and parasites, thereby, potentially compromising food safety. Consuming seafood that contains toxins or pathogenic microorganisms may have serious health consequences, including the potential for severe illness or even fatality. This chapter delves into the various hazards that arise from biochemical and microbiological factors, with particular emphasis on the Mediterranean region. In addition, it provides a succinct analysis regarding the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the safety of seafood.}, }
@article {pmid40155074, year = {2025}, author = {Debieuvre, D}, title = {[Lung cancer epidemiology: evolution over the last twenty years].}, journal = {Bulletin du cancer}, volume = {112}, number = {3S1}, pages = {3S3-3S15}, doi = {10.1016/S0007-4551(25)00152-3}, pmid = {40155074}, issn = {1769-6917}, mesh = {Humans ; *Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/mortality ; France/epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/mortality ; *Smoking/epidemiology/adverse effects ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Risk Factors ; Incidence ; Age Distribution ; Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology/mortality/pathology ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Lung Cancer is the second most common cancer in the world but the leading cause of cancer death for both sexes in many countries. Nearly 53,000 new cases were expected in France in 2023, representing 12% of all new cases of cancer, and 33,000 deaths were reported in 2018, representing 21% of all cancer deaths. The KBP studies conducted by the College of General Hospital Pulmonologists (CPHG) for 20 years constitute an excellent barometer of the evolution of the Lung Cancer in France. Lung Cancer is becoming more feminine but still remains a male cancer with a narrowing gap between the two sexes: 65,4% of incident cases are men in the overall population in 2020 but only 58,9% among young subjects (<50 years old). The average age at diagnosis is increasing (67.8 years). The most common histological subtype is adenocarcinoma. Smoking remains the main risk factor but the proportion of non-smokers is increasing (12,6%) due to the impact of air pollution, passive smoking and the aging of the population. The impact of COVID-19 on Lung Cancer mortality in 2020 was significant. Despite the diagnosis which remains mostly late in France, there has been a significant improvement in the prognosis over the past twenty years (reduction in early mortality and increase in median survival) due to therapeutic progress.}, }
@article {pmid40154850, year = {2025}, author = {Patel, RR and Vidyasagar,  and Singh, SK and Singh, M}, title = {Recent advances in inhibitor development and metabolic targeting in tuberculosis therapy.}, journal = {Microbial pathogenesis}, volume = {203}, number = {}, pages = {107515}, doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107515}, pmid = {40154850}, issn = {1096-1208}, mesh = {*Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects/metabolism/genetics ; Humans ; *Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Tuberculosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/drug effects ; Drug Development ; Drug Discovery ; }, abstract = {Despite being a preventable and treatable disease, tuberculosis (TB) remained the second leading infectious cause of death globally in 2022, surpassed only by COVID-19. The death rate from TB is influenced by numerous factors that include antibiotic drug resistance, noncompliance with chemotherapy by patients, concurrent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, delayed diagnosis, varying effectiveness of the Bacille-Calmette-Guerin vaccine, and other factors. Even with the recent advances in our knowledge of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the accessibility of advanced genomic tools such as proteomics and microarrays, alongside modern methodologies, the pursuit of next-generation inhibitors targeting distinct or multiple molecular pathways remains essential to combat the increasing antimicrobial resistance. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify and develop new drug targets against TB that have unique mechanisms. Novel therapeutic targets might encompass gene products associated with various aspects of mycobacterial biology, such as transcription, metabolism, cell wall formation, persistence, and pathogenesis. This review focuses on the present state of our knowledge and comprehension regarding various inhibitors targeting key metabolic pathways of M. tuberculosis. The discussion encompasses small molecule, synthetic, peptide, natural product and microbial inhibitors and navigates through promising candidates in different phases of clinical development. Additionally, we explore the crucial enzymes and targets involved in metabolic pathways, highlighting their inhibitors. The metabolic pathways explored include nucleotide synthesis, mycolic acid synthesis, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and energy metabolism. Furthermore, advancements in genetic approaches like CRISPRi and conditional expression systems are discussed, focusing on their role in elucidating gene essentiality and vulnerability in Mycobacteria.}, }
@article {pmid40153548, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, D and Nemet, M and Dos Anjos, GA and Zec, SN and Zambrano, CC and Rovati, L and Truong, H and Dong, Y}, title = {Challenges of Ventilator Procurement and Distribution in the ICU During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Critical care explorations}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {e1248}, pmid = {40153548}, issn = {2639-8028}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Ventilators, Mechanical/supply &amp; distribution ; *Intensive Care Units/supply &amp; distribution/organization &amp; administration ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The goal of this scoping review was to review some of the challenges hospitals faced in dealing with the shortage of ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic and the solutions they were able to implement or suggested. By highlighting these problems and solutions, we hope this review can catalyze further discussions about how to better prepare for future pandemics and medical supply shortages.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive search strategy using identifying key words was applied to several different databases to procure relevant literature.<br><br>STUDY SELECTION: Four thousand two hundred fifty-nine studies were found in the initial search. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were created and applied to screen studies. Included studies focused on the supply and distribution of ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the case where reviewers disagreed about whether a study should be included, a third reviewer acted as a tie-breaker.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION: Thirty-three studies were included for final data extraction. Two independent reviewers collected various data points from these studies, including the main challenges discussed by the authors, the level of ventilator shortage being addressed, whether ventilator sharing was discussed, and the limitations of the study.<br><br>DATA SYNTHESIS: A third reviewer compared the collected data and decided on the results.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Some of the common solutions for the ventilator shortage discussed included augmenting overall ventilator supply through increased production, transporting ventilators between hospitals, ventilator sharing, designing new ventilators, and repurposing other resources to help address shortages of supplies.}, }
@article {pmid40153386, year = {2025}, author = {Martin, AF and Smith, LE and Brooks, SK and Stein, MV and Davies, R and Amlôt, R and Greenberg, N and Rubin, GJ}, title = {The impact of self-isolation on psychological wellbeing in adults and how to reduce it: A systematic review.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, pages = {e0310851}, pmid = {40153386}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Mental Health ; Adult ; Depression/psychology ; Anxiety/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Social Isolation/psychology ; Pandemics ; Adaptation, Psychological ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To synthesise evidence on the impact of self-isolation at home on the psychological and emotional wellbeing of adults in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022378140). We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase, and grey literature. Wellbeing included adverse mental health outcomes and adaptive wellbeing. We followed PRISMA and synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines. We extracted data on the impact of self-isolation on wellbeing, and factors associated with and interventions targeting wellbeing during self-isolation.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirty-six studies were included. The mode quality rating was 'high-risk'. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were most investigated. Evidence for an impact of self-isolation on wellbeing was often inconsistent in quantitative studies, although qualitative studies consistently reported a negative impact. People with pre-existing mental and physical health needs reported increased symptoms of mental ill health during self-isolation. Studies reported modifiable stressors that have been reported in previous infectious disease contexts, such as inadequate support, poor coping strategies, inadequate and conflicting information, and highlighted the importance of regular contact from trusted healthcare professionals. Interventions targeting psychological wellbeing were rare and evaluative studies of these had high or very high risk of bias.<br><br>CONCLUSION: When implementing self-isolation directives, public health officials should prioritise support for individuals who have pre-existing mental or physical health needs, lack support, or who are facing significant life stressors. Focus should be directed toward interventions that address loneliness, worries, and misinformation, whilst monitoring and identifying individuals in need of additional support.}, }
@article {pmid40153166, year = {2025}, author = {Bloomberg, L and Rubin, JN}, title = {Hepatology in the Digital Era: A Review of Telehealth Care for Liver Disease.}, journal = {Current gastroenterology reports}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, pages = {25}, pmid = {40153166}, issn = {1534-312X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Telemedicine ; *Liver Diseases/therapy ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Gastroenterology/trends/methods ; Health Services Accessibility ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Telehealth has become an integral component of healthcare delivery in the US. While telehealth has been utilized within Hepatology for decades for HCV through Project ECHO and adapted by the VA, the COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed an unprecedented expansion of telehealth. This review examines the evolution, benefits, challenges, and future implications of telehealth in Hepatology.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Telehealth can improve access to care for underserved patient populations and provide continuity of care for chronic liver disease and liver transplant patients. Studies suggest that telehealth can deliver equivalent quality of care to in-person visits with high satisfaction rates among patients and providers. However, there are barriers to telehealth including disparities in technology access, limitations in quality of virtual encounters, and limited insurance policies. However, many questions remain. As Hepatology enters the digital era, telehealth holds promise for enhancing care delivery, but its integration must be guided by evidence-based practices.}, }
@article {pmid40153158, year = {2025}, author = {Nawaz, M and Huiyuan, Y and Akhtar, F and Tianyue, M and Zheng, H}, title = {Deep learning in the discovery of antiviral peptides and peptidomimetics: databases and prediction tools.}, journal = {Molecular diversity}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40153158}, issn = {1573-501X}, support = {82073767//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {Antiviral peptides (AVPs) represent a novel and promising therapeutic alternative to conventional antiviral treatments, due to their broad-spectrum activity, high specificity, and low toxicity. The emergence of zoonotic viruses such as Zika, Ebola, and SARS-CoV-2 have accelerated AVP research, driven by advancements in data availability and artificial intelligence (AI). This review focuses on the development of AVP databases, their physicochemical properties, and predictive tools utilizing machine learning for AVP discovery. Machine learning plays a pivotal role in advancing and developing antiviral peptides and peptidomimetics, particularly through the development of specialized databases such as DRAVP, AVPdb, and DBAASP. These resources facilitate AVP characterization but face limitations, including small datasets, incomplete annotations, and inadequate integration with multi-omics data.The antiviral efficacy of AVPs is closely linked to their physicochemical properties, such as hydrophobicity and amphipathic α-helical structures, which enable viral membrane disruption and specific target interactions. Computational prediction tools employing machine learning and deep learning have significantly advanced AVP discovery. However, challenges like overfitting, limited experimental validation, and a lack of mechanistic insights hinder clinical translation.Future advancements should focus on improved validation frameworks, integration of in vivo data, and the development of interpretable models to elucidate AVP mechanisms. Expanding predictive models to address multi-target interactions and incorporating complex biological environments will be crucial for translating AVPs into effective clinical therapies.}, }
@article {pmid40153131, year = {2025}, author = {Fan, R and Liang, Q and Sui, Y and Yang, Y and Yuan, X}, title = {The next viral pandemic-where do we stand?.}, journal = {Folia microbiologica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40153131}, issn = {1874-9356}, abstract = {The world is presently undergoing a recovery phase following the unexpected challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The loss of lives and the economic setbacks experienced by the global population will require considerable time to address. It is clear that future outbreaks, epidemics, or even pandemic caused by unknown bacterial, fungal, or viral pathogens are inevitable. In this context, public health front-liners will be essential in minimizing the impact of such incidents. This mini-review briefly discusses sociocultural issues, diagnostic capacities, surveillance, and screening strategies for potential future viral pandemic - referred to as Pandemic X. Additionally, it addresses treatment responses, vaccine development efforts, scientific advancements, policy considerations, and prospects for science communication related to forthcoming viral pandemics. While this review does not encompass all scientific approaches available on these topics, it aims to serve as a guideline for informing public health sectors about appropriate measures that should be undertaken.}, }
@article {pmid40152754, year = {2025}, author = {Yang, W and Quesnelle, KM and Porter-Stransky, KA}, title = {Learning together: a narrative review of external resources for medical education through a shared student-faculty lens.}, journal = {Annals of medicine}, volume = {57}, number = {1}, pages = {2483971}, pmid = {40152754}, issn = {1365-2060}, mesh = {Humans ; *Students, Medical/psychology ; *Faculty, Medical ; *Curriculum ; Education, Medical/methods ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Education, Distance/methods ; Learning ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {External resources, defined as commercial learning resources typically found online and not created by academic institutions, are increasingly utilized by students in medical education. As the use of external resources continues to grow, there is a need to understand their appropriate place within medical education and for faculty members to continue to integrate such resources into the existing medical curricula. A gap in the literature exists regarding the role of such resources within formal medical education. This narrative review identifies factors contributing to the use of external resources, integrates student and faculty perspectives to highlight their unique insights, and collaboratively proposes recommendations for the future use of external resources in medical education. Identified factors contributing to the increased use of external resources include generational affinity for technology and online learning, perceived efficiency compared to live lectures, pass-fail grading system of biomedical science courses, the pressure of board exams, and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although external resources are expensive, medical students use them to support their pre-clerkship learning and performance on national licensure exams. Faculty share the goal of student success and see potential for integration of external resources in the curriculum but raise concerns about reduced learner presence and willingness to read as well as the possibility of a universal medical curriculum. Collaborative student-faculty recommendations include the primacy of student autonomy, the benefits of classroom engagement, and the importance of cost management around third-party resources. Although external resources should not supplant all faculty instruction, they can benefit both medical students and faculty when thoughtfully and strategically integrated within the pre-clerkship curriculum to enhance learning outcomes and board exam performance.}, }
@article {pmid40152570, year = {2025}, author = {Khatami, SS and Ghorbani Shirkouhi, S and Høilund-Carlsen, PF and Revheim, ME and Alavi, A and Blaabjerg, M and Andalib, S}, title = {Peripheral Nervous System Complications after COVID-19 Vaccination.}, journal = {Journal of integrative neuroscience}, volume = {24}, number = {3}, pages = {26632}, doi = {10.31083/JIN26632}, pmid = {40152570}, issn = {0219-6352}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology/chemically induced ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/complications ; }, abstract = {While vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains crucial, neurological complications have been detected following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. The neurological complications of COVID-19 vaccination can be seen in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In this study, we reviewed PNS complications after COVID-19 vaccination, their underlying mechanisms, diagnosis, and management. Inflammatory polyneuropathy, small fiber neuropathy, Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS), cranial mononeuropathies, and myasthenia gravis (MG) have been reported following COVID-19 vaccination. Inflammatory polyneuropathy following COVID-19 vaccination should be diagnosed early based on clinical presentation and treated with supportive care, and immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis to prevent respiratory distress if required. It is important to differentiate peripheral from central facial paralysis after COVID-19 vaccination to rule out upper motor neuron damage, including stroke. Diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy in the setting of COVID-19 vaccination should be suspected in patients with dysesthesia, dysautonomia, and lower extremity paresthesia. A skin biopsy of the proximal or distal lower limb should generally be considered for diagnosing small fiber neuropathy following COVID-19 vaccination. Even though pain at the injection site is one of the most common symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination, shoulder pain lasting more than 3 weeks should raise the suspicion of severe complications such as PTS. In addition to a proper physical examination as a reliable diagnosis tool, needle electromyography can be considered to help the diagnosis of PTS following COVID-19 vaccination. In our opinion, despite complications after COVID-19 vaccination, the benefit of vaccination immunity should not be forgotten.}, }
@article {pmid40152069, year = {2025}, author = {Chen, YH and Jan, JS and Yang, CH and Yen, TL and Linh, TTD and Annavajjula, S and Satapathy, MK and Tsao, SY and Hsieh, CY}, title = {Cognitive Sequelae of COVID-19: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Approaches.}, journal = {CNS neuroscience &amp; therapeutics}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {e70348}, pmid = {40152069}, issn = {1755-5949}, support = {R113-020//Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital/ ; CGH-A10610//Cathay General Hospital/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Animals ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has left an indelible mark on the world, with mounting evidence suggesting that it not only posed acute challenges to global healthcare systems but has also unveiled a complex array of long-term consequences, particularly cognitive impairment (CI). As the persistence of post-COVID-19 neurological syndrome could evolve into the next public health crisis, it is imperative to gain a better understanding of the intricate pathophysiology of CI in COVID-19 patients and viable treatment strategies.<br><br>METHODS: This comprehensive review explores the pathophysiology and management of cognitive impairment across the phases of COVID-19, from acute infection to Long-COVID, by synthesizing findings from clinical, preclinical, and mechanistic studies to identify key contributors to CI, as well as current therapeutic approaches.<br><br>RESULTS: Key mechanisms contributing to CI include persistent neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular complications, direct neuronal injury, activation of the kynurenine pathway, and psychological distress. Both pharmacological interventions, such as anti-inflammatory therapies and agents targeting neuroinflammatory pathways, and non-pharmacological strategies, including cognitive rehabilitation, show promise in addressing these challenges. Although much of the current evidence is derived from preclinical and animal studies, these findings provide foundational insights into potential treatment approaches.<br><br>CONCLUSION: By synthesizing current knowledge, this review highlights the importance of addressing COVID-19-related cognitive impairment and offers actionable insights for mitigation and recovery as the global community continues to grapple with the pandemic's long-term impact.}, }
@article {pmid40150759, year = {2025}, author = {Huidobro, N and Meza-Andrade, R and Méndez-Balbuena, I and Trenado, C and Tello Bello, M and Tepichin Rodríguez, E}, title = {Electroencephalographic Biomarkers for Neuropsychiatric Diseases: The State of the Art.}, journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40150759}, issn = {2306-5354}, support = {10701-1062//Vicerrector&#xed;a de Investigaci&#xf3;n y Decanato de Ciencias de la Vida y la Salud de la Universidad Popular Aut&#xf3;noma del Estado de Puebla/ ; VIEP-BUAP MEBI-EDH-16//Vicerrector&#xed;a de Investigaci&#xf3;n y Estudios de Postgrado de la Benem&#xe9;rita Universidad Aut&#xf3;noma de Puebla/ ; }, abstract = {Because of their nature, biomarkers for neuropsychiatric diseases were out of the reach of medical diagnostic technology until the past few decades. In recent years, the confluence of greater, affordable computer power with the need for more efficient diagnoses and treatments has increased interest in and the possibility of their discovery. This review will focus on the progress made over the past ten years regarding the search for electroencephalographic biomarkers for neuropsychiatric diseases. This includes algorithms and methods of analysis, machine learning, and quantitative electroencephalography as applied to neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases as well as traumatic brain injury and COVID-19. Our findings suggest that there is a need for consensus among quantitative electroencephalography researchers on the classification of biomarkers that most suit this field; that there is a slight disconnection between the development of increasingly sophisticated methods of analysis and what they will actually be of use for in the clinical setting; and finally, that diagnostic biomarkers are the most favored type in the field with a few caveats. The main goal of this state-of-the-art review is to provide the reader with a general panorama of the state of the art in this field.}, }
@article {pmid40150720, year = {2025}, author = {Estrada, A and Furmanski, O and Klarmann, GJ and Scheidt, N and Ho, VB}, title = {Progress in Development of Functional Biological and Synthetic Blood Products to Augment Transfusable Blood Supply in Operational Medicine.}, journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40150720}, issn = {2306-5354}, support = {HU000112020011//Health Affairs/ ; }, abstract = {A reliable, accessible, and high-quality blood supply is critical for the sustainment of any healthcare system. World events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have proven that maintaining the supply of blood presents a logistical challenge. The current blood supply is overseen by extensive donor programs around the world. In the United States, as in other countries, the need for blood has increased, with a decline in blood donations and increasing exclusions for blood donor qualification. While there is a need to improve blood donation participation, there is also need for new alternatives to traditional donation to ensure readiness to treat hemorrhagic shock common in the setting of trauma, as often occurs during a natural disaster or conflict. These operational medicine scenarios require significant blood availability which may tax the current blood supply chain. Aside from a walking blood bank (WBB) model for blood collection in suboptimal conditions, researchers have proposed alternatives for blood that include the manufacturing of blood from stem cell sources. Other alternatives include synthetic liquids that can carry oxygen such as Perfluoro-Chemicals (PFCs) and hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying systems (HBCOs). Here, we review some of these alternatives to the traditional donor blood model. Researchers now have the technology that makes it feasible to develop blood alternatives that one day may supplement and help alleviate the limitations in blood supply.}, }
@article {pmid40150543, year = {2025}, author = {Silva, AFD and Martins, PC and Santiago, LN and Silva, DAS}, title = {Mapping Evidence on Integrated 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Reviews.}, journal = {Children (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40150543}, issn = {2227-9067}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: There has been a substantial increase in research on the new 24-hour movement paradigm, emphasizing the importance of considering the "whole day" and investigating integrated movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep). This scoping review aims to map the evidence from reviews that have summarized information on integrated 24-hour movement behaviors in children and adolescents.<br><br>METHODS: Eight databases were searched in May 2023, with an update in October 2024. The review followed the PRISMA-ScR framework and the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual.<br><br>RESULTS: National 24-hour movement guidelines for children and adolescents exist in only a few countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa). There is a lack of valid and reliable measurement tools for assessing 24-hour movement. Globally, children and adolescents, with and without disabilities, show low adherence to these guidelines. Reallocating time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was beneficial, while other reallocations had mixed results to health. COVID-19 reduced physical activity and increased screen time and sleep. Healthy movement behaviors are positively associated with better health outcomes in children and adolescents. There is a possible relationship between adherence to 24-hour movement behaviors and cognitive function, pollution measures, and eHealth interventions. Inconsistencies were identified in the terms used.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: High-quality research is needed to develop measurement tools that assess the long-term health impact of 24-hour movement and to create solutions for improving adherence, mainly in countries lacking specific guidelines.}, }
@article {pmid40150507, year = {2025}, author = {Giansanti, D}, title = {Advancements in Digital Cytopathology Since COVID-19: Insights from a Narrative Review of Review Articles.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {6}, pages = {}, pmid = {40150507}, issn = {2227-9032}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: The integration of digitalization in cytopathology is an emerging field with transformative potential, aiming to enhance diagnostic precision and operational efficiency. This narrative review of reviews (NRR) seeks to identify prevailing themes, opportunities, challenges, and recommendations related to the process of digitalization in cytopathology. Methods: Utilizing a standardized checklist and quality control procedures, this review examines recent advancements and future implications in this domain. Twenty-one review studies were selected through a systematic process. Results: The results highlight key emerging trends, themes, opportunities, challenges, and recommendations in digital cytopathology. First, the study identifies pivotal themes that reflect the ongoing technological transformation, guiding future focus areas in the field. A major trend is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), which is increasingly critical in improving diagnostic accuracy, streamlining workflows, and assisting decision making. Notably, emerging AI technologies like large language models (LLMs) and chatbots are expected to provide real-time support and automate tasks, though concerns around ethics and privacy must be addressed. The reviews also emphasize the need for standardized protocols, comprehensive training, and rigorous validation to ensure AI tools are reliable and effective across clinical settings. Lastly, digital cytopathology holds significant potential to improve healthcare accessibility, especially in remote areas, by enabling faster, more efficient diagnoses and fostering global collaboration through telepathology. Conclusions: Overall, this study highlights the transformative impact of digitalization in cytopathology, improving diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and global accessibility through tools like whole-slide imaging and telepathology. While artificial intelligence plays a significant role, the broader focus is on integrating digital solutions to enhance workflows and collaboration. Addressing challenges such as standardization, training, and ethical considerations is crucial to fully realize the potential of these advancements.}, }
@article {pmid40150097, year = {2025}, author = {Berry, L and Rehnberg, L and Groves, P and Knight, M and Stewart, M and Dushianthan, A}, title = {Lung Ultrasound in Critical Care: A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {6}, pages = {}, pmid = {40150097}, issn = {2075-4418}, abstract = {Lung ultrasound (LUS) has become a crucial part of the investigative tools available in the management of critically ill patients, both within the intensive care unit setting and in prehospital medicine. The increase in its application, in part driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the easy access and use of mobile and handheld devices, allows for immediate access to information, reducing the need for other radiological investigations. LUS allows for the rapid and accurate diagnosis and grading of respiratory pathology, optimisation of ventilation, assessment of weaning, and monitoring of the efficacy of surfactant therapies. This, however, must occur within the framework of accreditation to ensure patient safety and prevent misinterpretation and misdiagnosis. This narrative review aims to outline the current uses of LUS within the context of published protocols, associated pathologies, LUS scoring systems, and their applications, whilst exploring more novel uses.}, }
@article {pmid40149895, year = {2025}, author = {Fatima, M and An, T and Hong, KJ}, title = {Revolutionizing mRNA Vaccines Through Innovative Formulation and Delivery Strategies.}, journal = {Biomolecules}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40149895}, issn = {2218-273X}, support = {RS-2024-00331833//Ministry of Food and Drug Safety/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *mRNA Vaccines ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/chemistry/administration &amp; dosage ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Animals ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Lipids/chemistry ; Liposomes ; }, abstract = {Modernization of existing methods for the delivery of mRNA is vital in advanced therapeutics. Traditionally, mRNA has faced obstacles of poor stability due to enzymatic degradation. This work examines cutting-edge formulation and emerging techniques for safer delivery of mRNA vaccines. Inspired by the success of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) in delivering mRNA vaccines for COVID-19, a variety of other formulations have been developed to deliver mRNA vaccines for diverse infections. The meritorious features of nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery strategies, including LNP, polymeric, dendrimers, polysaccharide-based, peptide-derived, carbon and metal-based, DNA nanostructures, hybrid, and extracellular vesicles, have been examined. The impact of these delivery platforms on mRNA vaccine delivery efficacy, protection from enzymatic degradation, cellular uptake, controlled release, and immunogenicity has been discussed in detail. Even with significant developments, there are certain limitations to overcome, including toxicity concerns, limited information about immune pathways, the need to maintain a cold chain, and the necessity of optimizing administration methods. Continuous innovation is essential for improving delivery systems for mRNA vaccines. Future research directions have been proposed to address the existing challenges in mRNA delivery and to expand their potential prophylactic and therapeutic application.}, }
@article {pmid40149651, year = {2025}, author = {Manti, S and Leotta, M and D'Amico, F and Foti Randazzese, S and Parisi, GF and Leonardi, S}, title = {Severe Asthma and Active SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Insights into Biologics.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40149651}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, managing asthma has become significantly more challenging. Both national and international guidelines emphasize the importance of continuing prescribed medications to maintain asthma control and prevent exacerbations. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection has raised concerns about the safety of biologic therapies during acute COVID-19 episodes, necessitating a careful and individualized approach to their use. Biologic therapies, including omalizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, and tezepelumab, which target specific pathways in severe asthma, have revolutionized asthma management by improving symptom control and reducing exacerbation rates. Despite their proven benefits, the intersection of biologic therapy and active SARS-CoV-2 infection has prompted questions regarding potential immunomodulatory effects and risks. This review aimed to synthesize the current literature on the antiviral effects and safety of biologic drugs in severe asthmatic patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection, encompassing both pediatric and adult populations.}, }
@article {pmid40149526, year = {2025}, author = {Ruhrländer, J and Syntila, S and Schieffer, E and Schieffer, B}, title = {The Orexin System and Its Impact on the Autonomic Nervous and Cardiometabolic System in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40149526}, issn = {2227-9059}, support = {62083772//Dr. Reinfried Pohl Foundation/Marburg/ ; 18x4000-0003/2023/005//Ministry of Health, State of Hessen/Germany/ ; }, abstract = {Orexins (OXs) are critical for regulating circadian rhythms, arousal, appetite, energy metabolism, and electrolyte balance, affecting both the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the cardiovascular system (CVS). Disruption of the OX system can result in symptoms similar to those observed in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). This review emphasizes the adverse effects of OX dysregulation on autonomic and cardiometabolic functions in patients with PASC. Additionally, we highlight the potential of anti-OX therapies to provide neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory benefits, offering hope for alleviating some of the debilitating symptoms associated with PASC.}, }
@article {pmid40148247, year = {2025}, author = {Beaton, S and Abah, T and Miller-Hammond, K}, title = {Impact of Limited Access to Surgical Care in Medically Underserved Communities.}, journal = {The American surgeon}, volume = {91}, number = {5}, pages = {685-689}, doi = {10.1177/00031348251324265}, pmid = {40148247}, issn = {1555-9823}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Services Accessibility ; *Healthcare Disparities ; *Medically Underserved Area ; Minority Groups ; *Surgical Procedures, Operative/statistics &amp; numerical data ; United States ; Vulnerable Populations ; }, abstract = {Summary/BackgroundMedically underserved communities and ethnic minorities constitute a significant portion of the vulnerable population within the United States. Recent changes in the health care structure, rising inflation with a decline in median household income, and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have disproportionately impacted communities of low socioeconomic status. Healthcare providers and federal organizations must be aware of how these factors influence access to surgical care to tailor treatment, interventions, and policies better to meet the needs of these populations.MethodWe systematically reviewed 19 articles to identify key factors influencing barriers to health care for minority populations and how the dynamic changes in healthcare structures can further exacerbate this divide.DiscussionMedically underserved populations face significant barriers to health care due to socioeconomic factors like income, housing instability, and lack of insurance. These areas often have shortages of primary care providers, access to healthy foods, and high-value health care that may lead to unfavorable outcomes. Poor access and utilization of health services can also affect hospital systems, leading to decreased funding and increased hospital closures. Despite federal intervention and policy changes, the need for further support for rural healthcare institutions and underserved populations remains, requiring financial assistance, resource allocation improvements, and incentives for healthcare providers and investors.ConclusionHealthcare systems can work towards bridging the gap in access to surgical services by implementing targeted outreach programs and ensuring equitable resource distribution. Additionally, fostering partnerships with community organizations can enhance awareness and address specific barriers these populations face.}, }
@article {pmid40148238, year = {2025}, author = {Abubasheer, TM and Abubasheer, HMA and Odat, RM and Elgenidy, A and Afifi, AM}, title = {Sex-Based Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes Associated With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Reviews in medical virology}, volume = {35}, number = {3}, pages = {e70022}, doi = {10.1002/rmv.70022}, pmid = {40148238}, issn = {1099-1654}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications/epidemiology/virology ; Male ; Female ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/mortality ; Sex Factors ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Heart Failure/epidemiology/mortality ; Hemorrhage/epidemiology ; Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology/mortality ; Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology/etiology/mortality ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 has emerged as a global health crisis with significant consequences, not only for respiratory health but also for the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to investigate potential sex-based disparities in cardiovascular outcomes among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 A systematic search was performed in PUBMED/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EMBASE, up until January 2024 to identify studies measuring the sex-based differences in cardiovascular outcomes associated with COVID-19. The outcomes of interest included (myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, major bleeding, mortality, heart failure and hospitalization length). The meta-analysis was performed using the 'Stata' software, version 18. We identified 11 studies involving 31,044 males and 25,917 females in our review. A slightly lower risk of myocardial infarction in females (RR: 1.24; 95% CI [1.03, 1.49]; p = 0.02) contrasted with a substantially increased risk of venous thromboembolic events (RR: 1.43; 95% CI [1.19, 1.71]; p = 0.00) in males. Additionally, males displayed a slightly higher risk of major bleeding (RR: 1.22; 95% CI [1.06, 1.40]; p = 0.00). This trend continued with significantly higher rates of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) utilization (RR: 2.14; 95% CI [1.11, 4.13]; p = 0.02) in males. Moreover, stroke outcomes and overall mortality were demonstrably worse for males (RR: 1.46; p = 0.05 and RR: 1.21; p = 0.00, respectively). Males with COVID-19 face higher risks of myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and mortality. Heart failure and hospitalization length show no gender disparity. These findings highlight the crucial role of gender in COVID-19's cardiovascular complications.}, }
@article {pmid40148134, year = {2025}, author = {Mezouar, S and Mege, JL}, title = {Monitoring Macrophage Polarization in Infectious Disease, Lesson From SARS-CoV-2 Infection.}, journal = {Reviews in medical virology}, volume = {35}, number = {3}, pages = {e70034}, pmid = {40148134}, issn = {1099-1654}, support = {IMMUNO-COVID//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/pathology ; *Macrophages/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Monocytes/immunology ; *Macrophage Activation ; Biomarkers ; }, abstract = {The concept of macrophage polarization has been largely used in human diseases to define a typology of activation of myeloid cells reminiscent of lymphocyte functional subsets. In COVID-19, several studies have investigated myeloid compartment dysregulation and macrophage polarization as an indicator of disease prognosis and monitoring. SARS-CoV-2 induces an in vitro activation state in monocytes and macrophages that does not match the polarization categories in most studies. In COVID-19 patients, monocytes and macrophages are activated but they do not show a polarization profile. Therefore, the investigation of polarization under basic conditions was not relevant to assess monocyte and macrophage activation. The analysis of monocytes and macrophages with high-throughput methods has allowed the identification of new functional subsets in the context of COVID-19. This approach proposes an innovative stratification of myeloid cell activation. These new functional subsets of myeloid cells would be better biomarkers to assess the risk of complications in COVID-19, reserving the concept of polarization for pharmacological programme evaluation. This review reappraises the polarization of monocytes and macrophages in viral infections, particularly in COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40148048, year = {2025}, author = {Mattei, D and Guneykaya, D and Ugursu, B and Buonfiglioli, A}, title = {From womb to world: The interplay between maternal immune activation, neuroglia, and neurodevelopment.}, journal = {Handbook of clinical neurology}, volume = {210}, number = {}, pages = {269-285}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.00028-4}, pmid = {40148048}, issn = {0072-9752}, mesh = {Humans ; *Neurodevelopmental Disorders/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Animals ; Female ; *Neuroglia/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/immunology ; Brain/immunology/growth &amp; development ; }, abstract = {This chapter introduces and discusses maternal immune activation (MIA) as a contributing factor in increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly in relation to its interactions with neuroglia. Here we first provide an overview of the neuroglia-astroglia, oligodendroglia, microglia, and radial glial cells-and their important role during early brain development and in adulthood. We then present and discuss MIA, followed by a critical overview of inflammatory molecules and temporal stages associated to maternal inflammation during pregnancy. We provide an overview of animal and human models used to mimic and study MIA. Furthermore, we review the possible interaction between MIA and neuroglia, focusing on the current advances in both modeling and therapeutics. Additionally, we discuss and provide preliminary and interesting insights into the most recent pandemic, COVID-19, and how the infection may be associated to MIA and increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, we provide a critical overview of challenges and future opportunities to study how MIA may contribute to higher risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders.}, }
@article {pmid40148046, year = {2025}, author = {Awogbindin, I and ŠimonČiČová, E and Vidal, V and Ash, C and Tremblay, ME}, title = {Neuroglial responses to bacterial, viral, and fungal neuroinfections.}, journal = {Handbook of clinical neurology}, volume = {210}, number = {}, pages = {213-238}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.00027-2}, pmid = {40148046}, issn = {0072-9752}, mesh = {Humans ; *Neuroglia/microbiology/virology ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Microglia/microbiology ; Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/microbiology/therapy ; Astrocytes/microbiology/virology ; Central Nervous System Infections/microbiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Evidence regarding the host's response to peripheral pathogens in humans abound, whereas studies on the pathogenesis of central nervous system-penetrating infections are relatively scarce. However, given the spate of epidemic and pandemic neuroinfections in the 21st century, the field has experienced a renewed interest lately. This chapter discusses a timely and exciting topic on the roles of glial cells, mainly microglia and astrocytes, in neuroinvasive infections. This chapter considered fungal, viral, and bacterial neuroinfections, X-raying their neuroinvasiveness, neurotropism, and neurovirulence before focusing on specific examples notable for each category, including Escherichia coli, Cryptococcus neoformans, and SARS-CoV-2. These infections are renowned worldwide for a high case-fatality rate, leaving many survivors with life-long morbidity and others with a bleak future neurologic prognosis. Importantly, the chapter discusses possible ways microglia and astrocytes are culpable in these infections and provides approaches by which they can be manipulated for therapeutic purposes, identifying viable research gaps in the process. Additionally, it offers a synopsis of ongoing works considering microglial selective targeting to attenuate the pathology, morbidity, and mortality associated with these neuroinfections. Considering that microglia and astrocytes are first responders in the central nervous system, targeting these glial cells could be the game changer in managing existing and emerging neuroinvasive infections.}, }
@article {pmid40147989, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, J and Ma, Y and To, WL and Chow, S and To Tang, H and Wong, HK and Luo, J and Hoi Cheung, C and Bian, Z}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 infection on mortality, diabetic complications and haematological parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {e090986}, pmid = {40147989}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications/blood ; *Diabetes Complications/blood/mortality ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis/mortality/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus/blood ; Acute Kidney Injury/mortality/blood/etiology ; Intensive Care Units/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: SARS-CoV-2 poses significant challenges to people living with diabetes (PLWD). This systematic review aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on mortality, complications associated with diabetes and haematological parameters among PLWD.<br><br>DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).<br><br>DATA SOURCES: EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and LILACS were searched between 1 December 2019 and 14 January 2025.<br><br>Eligible studies included case-control and cohort studies involving PLWD categorised into two groups: those with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and those without.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Meta-analyses estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) of outcomes including mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), acute kidney injury, hospitalisation length and haematological parameters. We pooled results using random-effects models and assessed study quality with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A funnel plot was used to detect potential publication bias. The overall certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.<br><br>RESULTS: 25 of 7266 unique studies were eligible, including 1 154674 PLWD (561&#x2009;558 with COVID-19 and 593&#x2009;116 without COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWD was associated with significantly increased mortality (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.45 to 4.36, I[2]=99%), acute kidney injury (3.69, 95% CI 2.75 to 4.94, I[2]=0%), random plasma glucose in subjects with type 1 diabetes (MD 20.38&#x2009;mg/dL, 95% CI 7.39 to 33.36, I[2]=0%), haemoglobin A1C in subjects with type 2 diabetes (0.21%, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.38, I[2]=13%), creatinine (0.12&#x2009;mg/dL, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.19, I[2]=0%), C reactive protein (38.30&#x2009;mg/L, 95% CI 4.79 to 71.82, I[2]=82%) and D-dimer (1.52&#x2009;&#xb5;g/mL, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.31, I[2]=0%). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of ICU admission and DKA, hospitalisation length, haemoglobin, leucocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet, blood urea nitrogen, estimated glomerular filtration rate, procalcitonin, albumin, ferritin and bilirubin among PLWD with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with elevated risks of mortality and acute kidney injury and poor glycaemic control in PLWD, alongside increased levels of inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers. These findings underscore the urgent need for tailored clinical management strategies for PLWD with COVID-19.<br><br>PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023418039.}, }
@article {pmid40147466, year = {2025}, author = {, }, title = {Global, regional, and national burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis, 1990-2021, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.}, journal = {The Lancet. Respiratory medicine}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {425-446}, doi = {10.1016/S2213-2600(25)00003-7}, pmid = {40147466}, issn = {2213-2619}, mesh = {Humans ; *Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology/mortality ; *Asthma/epidemiology/mortality ; *Global Burden of Disease/trends ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Incidence ; Global Health ; Adult ; Female ; Male ; Forecasting ; Bayes Theorem ; Cost of Illness ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Asthma and atopic dermatitis are common allergic conditions that contribute to substantial health loss, economic burden, and pain across individuals of all ages worldwide. Therefore, as a component of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we present updated estimates of the prevalence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), incidence, and deaths due to asthma and atopic dermatitis and the burden attributable to modifiable risk factors, with forecasted prevalence up to 2050.<br><br>METHODS: Asthma and atopic dermatitis prevalence, incidence, DALYs, and mortality, with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), were estimated for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. A systematic review identified data from 389 sources for asthma and 316 for atopic dermatitis, which were further pooled using the Bayesian meta-regression tool. We also described the age-standardised DALY rates of asthma attributable to four modifiable risk factors: high BMI, occupational asthmagens, smoking, and nitrogen dioxide pollution. Furthermore, as a secondary analysis, prevalence was forecasted to 2050 using the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), air pollution, and smoking as predictors for asthma and atopic dermatitis. To assess trends in the burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis before (2010-19) and during (2019-21) the COVID-19 pandemic, we compared their average annual percentage changes (AAPCs).<br><br>FINDINGS: In 2021, there were an estimated 260 million (95% UI 227-298) individuals with asthma and 129 million (124-134) individuals with atopic dermatitis worldwide. Asthma cases declined from 287 million (250-331) in 1990 to 238 million (209-272) in 2005 but increased to 260 million in 2021. Atopic dermatitis cases consistently rose from 107 million (103-112) in 1990 to 129 million (124-134) in 2021. However, age-standardised prevalence rates decreased-by 40&#xb7;0% (from 5568&#xb7;3 per 100&#x2008;000 to 3340&#xb7;1 per 100&#x2008;000) for asthma and 8&#xb7;3% (from 1885&#xb7;4 per 100&#x2008;000 to 1728&#xb7;5 per 100&#x2008;000) for atopic dermatitis. In 2021, there were substantial variations in the burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis across different SDI groups, with the highest age-standardised DALY rate found in south Asia for asthma (465&#xb7;0 [357&#xb7;2-648&#xb7;9] per 100&#x2008;000) and the high-income super-region for atopic dermatitis (3552&#xb7;5 [3407&#xb7;2-3706&#xb7;1] per 100&#x2008;000). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the decline in asthma prevalence had stagnated (AAPC pre-pandemic -1&#xb7;39% [-2&#xb7;07 to -0&#xb7;71] and during the pandemic 0&#xb7;47% [-1&#xb7;86 to 2&#xb7;79]; p=0&#xb7;020); however, there was no significant difference in atopic dermatitis prevalence in the same period (pre-pandemic -0&#xb7;28% [-0&#xb7;33 to -0&#xb7;22] and during the pandemic -0&#xb7;35% [-0&#xb7;78 to 0&#xb7;08]; p=0&#xb7;20). Modifiable risk factors were responsible for 29&#xb7;9% of the global asthma DALY burden; among them, high BMI was the greatest contributor (39&#xb7;4 [19&#xb7;6-60&#xb7;2] per 100&#x2008;000), followed by occupational asthmagens (20&#xb7;8 [16&#xb7;7-26&#xb7;5] per 100&#x2008;000) across all regions. The age-standardised DALY rate of asthma attributable to high BMI was highest in high-SDI settings, whereas the contribution of occupational asthmagens was highest in low-SDI settings. According to our forecasting models, we expect 275 million (224-330) asthma cases and 148 million (140-158) atopic dermatitis cases in 2050, with population growth driving this increase. However, age-standardised prevalence rates are expected to remain stable (-23&#xb7;2% [-44&#xb7;4 to 5&#xb7;3] for asthma and -1&#xb7;4% [-9&#xb7;1 to 7&#xb7;0] for atopic dermatitis) from 2021 to 2050.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: Although the increases in the total number of asthma and atopic dermatitis cases will probably continue until 2050, age-standardised prevalence rates are expected to remain stable. A considerable portion of the global burden could be managed through efforts to address modifiable risk factors. Additionally, the contribution of risk factors to the burden substantially varied by SDI, which suggests the need for tailored initiatives for specific SDI settings. The growing number of individuals expected to be affected by asthma and atopic dermatitis in the future suggests that it is essential to improve our understanding of risk factors for asthma and atopic dermatitis and collect disease prevalence data that are globally generalisable.<br><br>FUNDING: Gates Foundation.}, }
@article {pmid40147222, year = {2025}, author = {Yu, F and Raphael, D and Mackay, L and Smith, M and Fernandez, R}, title = {Personal and work-related factors associated with nurse resilience: An updated systematic review using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis.}, journal = {International journal of nursing studies}, volume = {166}, number = {}, pages = {105054}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2025.105054}, pmid = {40147222}, issn = {1873-491X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Resilience, Psychological ; *COVID-19/nursing/epidemiology ; Burnout, Professional/psychology ; *Nursing Staff/psychology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nursing shortages and increased workforce turnover have significantly increased nurses' workloads, thus increasing the risk of burnout and stress, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review published in 2019 suggested that resilience could act as a buffer to adversity; however, the factors associated with resilience during and after this global pandemic have not been identified.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To identify personal and work-related factors associated with nurse resilience, including the period during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>DESIGN: Systematic review.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: The search was conducted between January and February 2024 in the following databases: CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Scopus, using the key terms 'resilience', 'hardiness', 'work', 'employ', 'occupation', 'job', and 'nursing'.<br><br>REVIEW METHODS: Quantitative studies with English full text, published between 2018 and 2024, were selected if they assessed resilience and its associated factors among nurses providing direct patient care. Two authors independently completed the data selection process. Studies with quality assessment grades of 3 or above were included for final analysis. A meta-analysis was utilised for the mean resilience levels from studies using the same measures of resilience, and a narrative synthesis was performed for the demographic and work-related factors.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifty-nine cross-sectional studies with a quality assessment score of 3 or above were included. Forty-seven studies were included in a meta-analysis, which reported an estimated mean resilience level of 20.69 using a random-effects model (95&#xa0;% CI [18.53, 22.85], z&#xa0;=&#xa0;18.79, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.0001, I[2]&#xa0;=&#xa0;95.1&#xa0;%). Twenty studies with the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)-25 and five with the CD-RISC-10 were meta-analysed for the mean resilience levels of 62.85 (95&#xa0;% CI: [55.60, 70.10], z&#xa0;=&#xa0;16.97, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.0001, I[2]&#xa0;=&#xa0;31.70&#xa0;%) and 26.34 (95&#xa0;% CI: [20.85, 31.83], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.0001, I[2]&#xa0;=&#xa0;0&#xa0;%), respectively. A low mean resilience level was identified. Sixteen demographic factors were identified as associated with resilience. Twenty job demand factors negatively associated with resilience were determined and categorised into exhaustion, psychological factors, and work challenges. Thirty-two job resource factors positively related to resilience were identified and classified into the following categories: psychological factors, leadership, work performance, well-being and quality of life, and social and organisational support.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the job demand and resource factors can help organisations minimise the risks and develop institutional strategies to protect nurses from the negative impact of COVID-19 or future pandemics on nurses' well-being.}, }
@article {pmid40146886, year = {2025}, author = {Kheirollahpour, M and Shokoufi, N and Lotfi, M}, title = {The Potential of Optical Technologies in Early Virus Detection; Prospects in Addressing Future Viral Outbreaks.}, journal = {Critical reviews in analytical chemistry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-29}, doi = {10.1080/10408347.2025.2481406}, pmid = {40146886}, issn = {1547-6510}, abstract = {The urgent need for sensitive, rapid, and reliable diagnostic methodologies to control and prevent life-threatening pandemic infectious disease, such as COVID-19, remains a critical priority. Timely and on-site detection of viral pathogens is essential for effective disease management and mitigation of societal disruptions. Recent advancements in optical diagnostic methods have positioned them at the forefront of healthcare diagnostics, offering high sensitivity and specificity as viable alternatives to conventional techniques such as the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which often suffer from time delays and limited accessibility in resource-constrained environments. This review elucidates the potential of various optical diagnostic techniques, highlighting their advantages over traditional methods. It encompasses a range of optical modalities, including fluorescence-based approaches, Raman spectroscopy (RS), Plasmonic techniques (e.g., surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized SPR, (LSPR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF)), super resolution microscopies (SRMs), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and integrated platforms such as waveguides and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biosensors. Additionally, the evolution of novel biosensors, particularly 5th and 6th generation biosensors, in healthcare and the challenges related to these technologies were discussed. This studies reviewed aims to advance the development of portable, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices for the rapid detection of viral pathogens.}, }
@article {pmid40146339, year = {2025}, author = {Burbank, AJ}, title = {Climate Change and the Future of Allergies and Asthma.}, journal = {Current allergy and asthma reports}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {20}, pmid = {40146339}, issn = {1534-6315}, mesh = {Humans ; *Climate Change ; *Asthma/epidemiology/immunology/etiology ; *Air Pollution/adverse effects ; *Hypersensitivity/epidemiology/immunology ; Allergens/immunology ; COVID-19/immunology/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Pollen/immunology ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Prevalence ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW: Climate change affects global temperature, meteorological variables, plant aerobiology, air pollution exposure and a host of other factors that individually have been implicated in the inception and/or exacerbation of allergic disease like asthma and allergic rhinitis. It is unknown how climate change will impact allergic disease prevalence and morbidity in the future.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Pollen seasons are lengthening with variable effects on pollen peak concentrations and allergenicity. Air pollution exposure is linked with enhance susceptibility to allergic inflammation induced by pollen and with enhanced susceptibility to infection with a morbidity/mortality from respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The available literature largely supports the association between climate change and three of the most salient factors for allergic respiratory disease prevalence and morbidity: changes in allergen exposure, pollution exposure, and viral respiratory infection. More research is needed to understand the complex interactions between these factors and individual-level variables that influence disease susceptibility.}, }
@article {pmid40145745, year = {2025}, author = {Krammer, F and Hermann, E and Rasmussen, AL}, title = {Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: history, current situation, and outlook.}, journal = {Journal of virology}, volume = {99}, number = {4}, pages = {e0220924}, pmid = {40145745}, issn = {1098-5514}, support = {U54 CA260560/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U19 AI168631/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; N/A//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; 175622,187244/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; 75N93021C00014, 75N93019C00051, AI168631, AI154470, AI162130, AI144616, 75N93023C00019, 75N93023C00042, R25GM150146, CA260560, 75N91019D00024/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R25 GM150146/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; 2217296//National Science Foundation/ ; 75N93023C00042/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U19 AI162130/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; 75N93021C00014/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; 75N93019C00051/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI154470/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; 75N91019D00024/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U01 AI144616/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; 75N93023C00019/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Animals ; Cattle ; Humans ; Birds ; Disease Outbreaks ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity/genetics/classification ; *Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/virology/transmission/history ; *Influenza, Human/epidemiology/virology/transmission ; Pandemics ; Poultry ; Viral Zoonoses/transmission/virology/epidemiology ; Zoonoses/virology/epidemiology/transmission ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; }, abstract = {The H5N1 avian panzootic has resulted in cross-species transmission to birds and mammals, causing outbreaks in wildlife, poultry, and US dairy cattle with a range of host-dependent pathogenic outcomes. Although no human-to-human transmission has been observed, the rising number of zoonotic human cases creates opportunities for adaptive mutation or reassortment. This Gem explores the history, evolution, virology, and epidemiology of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 relative to its pandemic potential. Pandemic risk reduction measures are urgently required.}, }
@article {pmid40145666, year = {2025}, author = {Locke, AR and Koehne, NH and Yendluri, A and Laurore, C and Obana, KK and Tiao, J and Saltzman, BM and Trofa, DP and Li, X and Parisien, RL}, title = {Sex- and Age-Specific Review of Flag Football Injuries in the United States: A 10-Year Analysis of National Injury Data.}, journal = {Sports health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {19417381251326575}, pmid = {40145666}, issn = {1941-0921}, abstract = {CONTEXT: Flag football is a rapidly growing sport with injuries frequently presenting to emergency departments (EDs). Current literature on flag football lacks mechanisms of injury and any information pertaining to female athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine demographic-specific injury trends in those playing flag football.<br><br>EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for flag football injuries presenting to United States EDs from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022. Patient demographics, injury site, diagnosis, and disposition were recorded. NEISS narratives were used to identify mechanisms of injury. National estimates (NEs) were calculated using the NEISS statistical sample weight. Annual injury trends were evaluated by linear regression.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study.<br><br>LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3.<br><br>RESULTS: There were 2508 flag football injuries (NE, 86,443) analyzed from 2013 to 2022; 78.2% were sustained by male athletes. Linear regression analysis revealed no significant trend in annual injuries (P = 0.16) from 2013 to 2022. The most common mechanism of injury was player-player collision (35.7%). The 2 age groups most affected by flag football injuries were middle school-aged (11-13 years) (20.8%) and high school-aged (14-18 years) (23.7%). The area of the body most affected for pediatric (<18 years) groups was the head, while adults most frequently injured their fingers. In addition, the most common mechanism for the pediatric age group was fracture (21.3%), whereas adult age groups most frequently suffered from strain/sprain injuries.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The number of injuries from flag football identified in this study has not decreased throughout the last decade, aside from 2020 - potentially due to the prevalence of COVID-19. Collisions were the most frequent mechanism of injury across all age groups. Whereas younger athletes frequently sustained head injuries and fractures, older athletes typically sustained strain/sprain injuries and finger injuries.}, }
@article {pmid40145658, year = {2025}, author = {Maglio, C and Williams, M and Camponeschi, A}, title = {Biology wet lab e-learning during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A review of student learning and experiences.}, journal = {Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bmb.21897}, pmid = {40145658}, issn = {1539-3429}, support = {SGI-2018-0510//Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-&#xe5;rsfond/ ; FAI-2019-0618//Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-&#xe5;rsfond/ ; FAI-2020-0706//Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-&#xe5;rsfond/ ; //Rune och Ulla Aml&#xf6;vs Stiftelse f&#xf6;r Neurologisk och Reumatologisk Forskning/ ; FB21-104//Stiftelsen Assar Gabrielssons Fond/ ; S20-0109//Svenska S&#xe4;llskapet f&#xf6;r Medicinsk Forskning/ ; //Adlerbertska Research Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic began as a health crisis and quickly turned into an economic, social, and political crisis. It revealed the vulnerability of education systems to external changes and risks and challenged institutions and educators to transform and adapt at short notice. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, one of the natural consequences was the unprecedented rise in online education. The transition from the in-person teaching format to e-learning exposed teachers and students to significant challenges. In the biomedical field, e-learning forced teachers to rethink hands-on wet lab teaching into a hands-off virtual one; this digital transformation has continued in the post-pandemic period and has resulted in the emergence of hybrid models trying to harmonize the benefits of e-learning with those of in-person teaching. In this narrative review, we analyzed articles published between 2020 and 2024 focusing on the teaching of molecular and cellular biology laboratory through online or blended learning formats. We focused on the impact that pedagogical innovation in laboratory e-learning has had on student perceptions, experience, and outcomes. We have extracted five major themes that should be considered by educators involved in course design to enhance the benefits of exposing students to learning in a virtual lab: (1) the varying effectiveness of laboratory e-learning, (2) the potential for online labs to foster self-efficacy and confidence, (3) the reduced opportunities for social interaction in virtual settings, (4) students' perspectives on virtual, blended, and in-person lab work, and (5) the importance of addressing student inequities in digital access.}, }
@article {pmid40145441, year = {2025}, author = {Tang, X and Lu, L and Li, X and Huang, P}, title = {Bridging Cancer and COVID-19: The Complex Interplay of ACE2 and TMPRSS2.}, journal = {Cancer medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {7}, pages = {e70829}, pmid = {40145441}, issn = {2045-7634}, support = {82202928//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 20232BAB206111//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism ; *Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism/genetics ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism/genetics ; *Neoplasms/metabolism/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Virus Internalization ; Tumor Microenvironment ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents heightened risks for cancer patients, who are more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severe outcomes due to immunosuppression from both the malignancy and anticancer therapies. This review investigates the dual roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in SARS-CoV-2 infection among cancer patients. ACE2, the vital entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, is overexpressed in certain tumors such as colon adenocarcinoma, renal carcinomas, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma, potentially increasing viral susceptibility. Paradoxically, ACE2 also exhibits tumor-suppressive properties by inhibiting angiogenesis and modulating the tumor microenvironment, leading to improved patient prognoses in some cancers like breast cancer. TMPRSS2, essential for viral entry, shows decreased expression in several tumors but acts as a prognostic biomarker in prostate and lung cancers. This review illustrates the complexity of therapeutically targeting ACE2 and TMPRSS2 due to their contrasting roles in cancer progression and viral entry. We analyze the expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in relation to immune cell infiltration and patient outcomes, and propose personalized therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, we underscore the necessity for multidisciplinary approaches, integrating antiviral treatments with cancer therapies and tailoring interventions based on individual molecular profiles. This approach to personalized medicine seeks to enhance treatment results and better manage cancer patients who have contracted SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid40145329, year = {2025}, author = {Ruthirakuhan, M and Guan, DX and Mortby, M and Gatchel, J and Babulal, GM}, title = {Updates and future perspectives on neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.}, journal = {Alzheimer's &amp; dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {e70079}, pmid = {40145329}, issn = {1552-5279}, mesh = {Humans ; *Alzheimer Disease ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Quality of Life ; }, abstract = {Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common throughout the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum and profoundly affect patients, caregivers, and health-care systems. This review synthesizes key research presented in the 2022 and 2023 Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment Neuropsychiatric Syndromes-Professional Interest Area (NPS-PIA) Year-In-Reviews, emphasizing six critical areas: (1) diversity and disparities, (2) diagnostic frameworks, (3) neurobiology of NPS, (4) NPS as a disease marker, (5) the impact of COVID-19, and (6) interventions. NPS accelerates AD progression, increases functional decline, diminishes quality of life, and heightens caregiver burden and institutionalization rates. Current treatments primarily rely on psychotropics, which offer limited efficacy and raise safety concerns. This review aims to inform clinicians and researchers about recent NPS advancements while identifying gaps for future studies to improve outcomes for individuals with AD. HIGHLIGHTS: Research in Alzheimer's disease-related neuropsychiatric symptoms has rapidly increased, indicating heightened interest. Key areas include: diversity, diagnostics, markers, COVID-19 impact, and treatments. A road map for future studies, based on the key areas of research, is provided. This road map includes considerations to improve study applicability and validity.}, }
@article {pmid40144969, year = {2024}, author = {Usami, M}, title = {Materiality of evidence-based policy making for child and adolescent psychiatry in Japan.}, journal = {GHM open}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {54-58}, pmid = {40144969}, issn = {2436-2956}, abstract = {The Japanese government established the Children and Family Agency in April 2023 and is trying to promote evidence-based policymaking (EBPM). However, the current state of child and adolescent psychiatry in Japan demonstrated some difficulties. School refusal and suicide problems are increasing after the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. These issues need to be addressed, thereby warranting various policies to be developed and implemented. Increasing the number of inpatient medical institutions and establishing a community-based data accumulation system that enables data and knowledge sharing among professionals is essential to improve child and adolescent psychiatric care. Furthermore, EBPM is needed to effectively develop a policy, and specialized experts are necessary to organize data and critically review evidence.}, }
@article {pmid40144393, year = {2025}, author = {Haghmorad, D and Eslami, M and Orooji, N and Halabitska, I and Kamyshna, I and Kamyshnyi, O and Oksenych, V}, title = {mRNA vaccine platforms: linking infectious disease prevention and cancer immunotherapy.}, journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1547025}, pmid = {40144393}, issn = {2296-4185}, abstract = {The advent of mRNA vaccines, accelerated by the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic, marks a transformative shift in vaccine technology. In this article, we discuss the development, current applications, and prospects of mRNA vaccines for both the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and oncology. By leveraging the capacity to encode antigens within host cells directly, mRNA vaccines provide a versatile and scalable platform suitable for addressing a broad spectrum of pathogens and tumor-specific antigens. We highlight recent advancements in mRNA vaccine design, innovative delivery mechanisms, and ongoing clinical trials, with particular emphasis on their efficacy in combating infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, Zika, and influenza, as well as their emerging potential in cancer immunotherapy. We also address critical challenges, including vaccine stability, optimization of immune responses, and the broader issue of global accessibility. Finally, we review potential strategies for advancing next-generation mRNA vaccines, with the aim of overcoming current limitations in vaccine technology and enhancing both preventive and therapeutic approaches for infectious and oncological diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40143592, year = {2025}, author = {Goldschmidt, T and Bermpohl, F and Schreiter, S and van Bergen, AH and Kupka, RW and Schouler-Ocak, M and Gutwinski, S and Deutscher, K}, title = {Referral of Patients to Psychiatric Emergency Departments by Police: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {appips20240323}, doi = {10.1176/appi.ps.20240323}, pmid = {40143592}, issn = {1557-9700}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: A significant number of patients in psychiatric emergency departments (PEDs) are brought in by police. The authors sought to identify the weighted global rate of police referrals to PEDs, to compare the characteristics of police-referred patients with those of patients not referred by police, and to assess possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on referral rates.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by searching medical databases according to PRISMA guidelines. Multivariate and pairwise meta-regression analyses were performed.<br><br>RESULTS: Overall, 1,374 articles were screened, and 34 samples comprising 542,143 patients (61,647 of whom were referred by police) from 28 articles were included. On average, 13.7% of PED admissions were referred by police, a rate that was higher in the United States (22.8%). Compared with patients not referred by police, police-referred patients were significantly more likely to show aggressive behavior (relative risk [RR]=4.73), to be homeless (RR=1.84), and to have a diagnosis of a substance use (RR=1.33) or psychotic (RR=1.45) disorder but were less likely to have depressive (RR=0.31) or adjustment (RR=0.58) disorders. Police-referred patients were also more likely to be admitted to inpatient care (RR=1.35) and involuntarily (RR=4.38). The pandemic had no apparent effect on police-referral rates to PEDs.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of psychiatric patients is referred to PEDs by police. Police-referred patients had characteristics that were similar to those of incarcerated individuals with mental disorders. Early treatment may prevent later incarceration of police-referred PED patients. Interventions to reduce homelessness among psychiatric patients might help reduce police referrals to PEDs.}, }
@article {pmid40143545, year = {2025}, author = {Żak, MM and Zangi, L}, title = {Clinical development of therapeutic mRNA applications.}, journal = {Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.03.034}, pmid = {40143545}, issn = {1525-0024}, abstract = {mRNA therapeutics are emerging as a transformative approach in modern medicine, providing innovative, highly adaptable solutions for a wide range of diseases, from viral infections to cancer. Since the approval of the first mRNA therapeutic-the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in 2021-we have identified more than 70 current clinical trials utilizing mRNA for various diseases. We propose classifying mRNA therapeutics into four main categories: vaccines, protein replacement therapies, antibodies, and mRNA-based cell and gene therapies. Each category can be further divided into subcategories. Vaccines include those targeting viral antigens, bacterial or parasitic antigens, general and individualized cancer antigens, and self-antigens. Protein replacement therapies include maintenance therapeutics designed to treat genetic disorders and interventional therapeutics, where delivering therapeutic proteins could improve patient outcomes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A for ischemic heart disease or proinflammatory cytokines in cancer. Therapeutic antibodies are based on mRNA sequences encoding the heavy and light chains of clinically relevant antibodies, enabling patient cells to produce them directly, bypassing the costly and complex process of manufacturing protein-ready antibodies. Another category of mRNA-based therapeutics encompasses cell and gene therapies, including CRISPR with mRNA-mediated delivery of Cas9 and the in vivo generation of cells expressing CAR through mRNA. We discuss examples of mRNA therapeutics currently in clinical trials within each category, providing a comprehensive overview of the field's progress and highlighting key advancements as of the end of 2024.}, }
@article {pmid40143346, year = {2025}, author = {Handa, T and Saha, A and Narayanan, A and Ronzier, E and Kumar, P and Singla, J and Tomar, S}, title = {Structural Virology: The Key Determinants in Development of Antiviral Therapeutics.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40143346}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {STARS2/2023-0209//Scheme for Transformational and Advanced Research in Sciences (STARS), Ministry of Education (MoE), India/ ; }, mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; Humans ; *Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Viruses/genetics/drug effects ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Virus Diseases/drug therapy/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/physiology ; }, abstract = {Structural virology has emerged as the foundation for the development of effective antiviral therapeutics. It is pivotal in providing crucial insights into the three-dimensional frame of viruses and viral proteins at atomic-level or near-atomic-level resolution. Structure-based assessment of viral components, including capsids, envelope proteins, replication machinery, and host interaction interfaces, is instrumental in unraveling the multiplex mechanisms of viral infection, replication, and pathogenesis. The structural elucidation of viral enzymes, including proteases, polymerases, and integrases, has been essential in combating viruses like HIV-1 and HIV-2, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza. Techniques including X-ray crystallography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, Cryo-electron Microscopy, and Cryo-electron Tomography have revolutionized the field of virology and significantly aided in the discovery of antiviral therapeutics. The ubiquity of chronic viral infections, along with the emergence and reemergence of new viral threats necessitate the development of novel antiviral strategies and agents, while the extensive structural diversity of viruses and their high mutation rates further underscore the critical need for structural analysis of viral proteins to aid antiviral development. This review highlights the significance of structure-based investigations for bridging the gap between structure and function, thus facilitating the development of effective antiviral therapeutics, vaccines, and antibodies for tackling emerging viral threats.}, }
@article {pmid40143331, year = {2025}, author = {Padurariu-Covit, MD and Andreescu, M and Niculet, E and Plesea-Condratovici, A and Arbune, M}, title = {Managing HIV-Associated Hodgkin Lymphoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Case Report and Literature Review.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40143331}, issn = {1999-4915}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hodgkin Disease/complications/diagnosis ; *COVID-19/complications ; Middle Aged ; *HIV Infections/complications ; Male ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Coinfection/virology ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic delayed the consultation of many patients with specialists. We present the case of a 57-year-old patient with HIV infection, COVID-19 pneumonia, and Hodgkin lymphoma. Discordant immunohistochemistry results from biopsy samples delayed the hematological diagnosis and initiation of oncological therapy. The late diagnosis of HIV infection at the stage of severe immunosuppression, along with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma and COVID-19 co-infection, represents a complex pathogenic triad that is challenging to manage. Healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections pose a significant risk during the pandemic for chronic patients requiring frequent hospital visits.}, }
@article {pmid40143309, year = {2025}, author = {Rajkhowa, S and Sonowal, J and Pegu, SR and Deb, R and Gupta, VK}, title = {Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in India.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40143309}, issn = {1999-4915}, mesh = {Animals ; India/epidemiology ; Swine ; *Swine Diseases/epidemiology/virology ; *Virus Diseases/epidemiology/veterinary/virology ; Humans ; *Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology/transmission ; *Viral Zoonoses/epidemiology/transmission ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/virology/transmission/veterinary ; Viruses/classification/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; }, abstract = {Pigs serve as critical reservoirs and amplifiers for numerous zoonotic viral diseases, presenting substantial public health challenges in India. This study highlights the epidemiology and emerging trends of key zoonotic viruses associated with pigs, emphasizing their role in endemic and emerging disease dynamics. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) persists as a major concern, with pigs acting as amplifying host, while hepatitis E virus (HEV) remains a prominent cause of viral hepatitis, transmitted via contaminated water and pork products. Emerging high-fatality viral zoonoses caused by Nipah virus (NiV) and recurrent threats from swine influenza virus (SIV) demonstrate that the zoonotic landscape is evolving. Furthermore, zoonotic viruses like rotavirus, pseudorabies (ADV or SuHV-1), porcine astrovirus (PAstV), and Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) reflect the expanding diversity of pig-associated pathogens in India. Emerging evidence also implicates viruses such as Chandipura virus (CHPV) in localized outbreaks, indicating broader zoonotic potential. Novel risks such as swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 emphasize the role of pigs as potential intermediaries for pandemic-prone viruses. This comprehensive study evaluates the prevalence, outbreak dynamics, and public health implications of zoonotic viral diseases of pigs in India, providing valuable direction for developing effective control measures.}, }
@article {pmid40143281, year = {2025}, author = {Fatima, M and An, T and Park, PG and Hong, KJ}, title = {Advancements and Challenges in Addressing Zoonotic Viral Infections with Epidemic and Pandemic Threats.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40143281}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {23202MFDS144 &amp; RS-2024-00331833//Ministry of Food and Drug Safety/ ; }, mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology/prevention &amp; control ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/transmission/virology ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Viral Zoonoses/epidemiology/transmission ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viral Vaccines/immunology ; }, abstract = {Zoonotic viruses have significant pandemic potential, as evidenced by the coronavirus pandemic, which underscores that zoonotic infections have historically caused numerous outbreaks and millions of deaths over centuries. Zoonotic viruses induce numerous types of illnesses in their natural hosts. These viruses are transmitted to humans via biological vectors, direct contact with infected animals or their bites, and aerosols. Zoonotic viruses continuously evolve and adapt to human hosts, resulting in devastating consequences. It is very important to understand pathogenesis pathways associated with zoonotic viral infections across various hosts and develop countermeasure strategies accordingly. In this review, we briefly discuss advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics for zoonotic viral infections. It provides insight into recent outbreaks, viral dynamics, licensed vaccines, as well as vaccine candidates progressing to clinical investigations. Despite advancements, challenges persist in combating zoonotic viruses due to immune evasion, unpredicted outbreaks, and the complexity of the immune responses. Most of these viruses lack effective treatments and vaccines, relying entirely on supportive care and preventive measures. Exposure to animal reservoirs, limited vaccine access, and insufficient coverage further pose challenges to preventive efforts. This review highlights the critical need for ongoing interdisciplinary research and collaboration to strengthen preparedness and response strategies against emerging infectious threats.}, }
@article {pmid40143277, year = {2025}, author = {Svensson, L and Nordgren, J and Lundkvist, &#xc5; and Hagbom, M}, title = {Recent Advances in Nose and Lung Organoid Models for Respiratory Viral Research.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40143277}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {L.S.,grant number: 2020-06116, and M.H., 2023-02720//Swedish Research council/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Organoids/virology ; *Lung/virology/cytology ; Animals ; *Nose/virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Respiratory Mucosa/virology/cytology ; Virus Diseases/virology ; COVID-19/virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/physiology ; }, abstract = {Studies on human respiratory viral infections and pathogenesis have historically been conducted using immortalized cells and animal models. However, these models are limited in their ability to recapitulate the complex structure of the human airway or the full spectrum of disease symptoms observed in humans. Recently, nose and lung organoids have revolutionized culture complexity in infection biology and have demonstrated potential for research on respiratory virus infections in humans. In this opinion, we review how advances in human nose and lung organoid models, which are able to express all cell types of the respiratory epithelia, i.e., Club, basal, goblet, and ciliated cells, have provided novel insight into the pathogenesis, age-dependent susceptibility, viral attenuation signature, and immune mechanisms of respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus. The models have also demonstrated potential for studying hitherto uncultivable human viruses and to be useful for studies of zoonotic risk.}, }
@article {pmid40143239, year = {2025}, author = {Omatola, CA and Ogunsakin, RE and Olaniran, AO and Kumari, S}, title = {Monkeypox Virus Occurrence in Wastewater Environment and Its Correlation with Incidence Cases of Mpox: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analytic Study.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40143239}, issn = {1999-4915}, mesh = {*Wastewater/virology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Feces/virology ; COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Europe/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the interest in the use of wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) strategy for infectious disease monitoring, especially when clinical cases are underreported. The excretion of monkey virus (MPXV) in the feces of both symptomatic and preclinical individuals has further driven the interest in WBS applicability to MPXV monitoring in wastewater to support its mitigation efforts. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis, using six databases to assess MPXV detection in wastewater. We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence at a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Also, we carried out a subgroup analysis according to the country regions and a sensitivity analysis excluding studies classified as having a high risk of bias. The overall MPXV positivity rate in wastewater was estimated at 22% (95% CI: 14-30%; I[2] = 94.8%), with more detection rate in North America (26%, 95% CI: 8-43%) compared to Europe and Asia (22%, 95% CI: 12-31%). The MPXV detection rate was significantly higher in 2022 studies (22%, 95% CI: 13-31%) compared to 2023 (19%, 95% CI: 14-25%). The real-time PCR platform significantly detected more MPXV (24%, 95% CI: 14-34%) than the digital droplet PCR-based studies (17%, 95% CI: 4-31%), which was used less frequently. Viral concentration with centrifugation procedure indicated higher detection rates (21%, 95% CI: 10-33%) than other known sample concentration protocols. Generally, MPXV detection rates in wastewater samples strongly correlate with incidence cases of mpox (range of R = 0.78-0.94; p < 0.05). Findings from this study suggest that WBS of MPXV could be employed as an epidemiological early warning tool for disease monitoring and mpox outbreak prediction similar to the clinical case-based surveillance strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40143195, year = {2025}, author = {Ugbaja, SC and Mushebenge, AG and Kumalo, H and Ngcobo, M and Gqaleni, N}, title = {Potential Benefits of In Silico Methods: A Promising Alternative in Natural Compound's Drug Discovery and Repurposing for HBV Therapy.}, journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {18}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40143195}, issn = {1424-8247}, abstract = {Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important global public health issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2024 Global Hepatitis Report estimated that the global prevalence of people living with HBV infection is 254 million, with an estimated prevalence incidence of 1.2 million new HBV infections yearly. Previous studies have shown that natural compounds have antiviral inhibition potentials. In silico methods such as molecular docking, virtual screening, pharmacophore modeling, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), and molecular dynamic simulations have been successfully applied in identifying bioactive compounds with strong binding energies in HBV treatment targets. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the importance of repurposing already approved drugs using in silico methods. This study is aimed at unveiling the benefits of in silico techniques as a potential alternative in natural compounds' drug discovery and repurposing for HBV therapy. Relevant articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were retrieved and analyzed. Furthermore, this study comprehensively reviewed the literature containing identified bioactive compounds with strong inhibition of essential HBV proteins. Notably, hesperidin, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and flavonoids have shown strong binding energies for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The investigation reveals that in silico drug discovery methods offer an understanding of the mechanisms of action, reveal previously overlooked viral targets (including PreS1 Domain of HBsAg and cccDNA (Covalently Closed Circular DNA) regulators, and facilitate the creation of specific inhibitors. The integration of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo techniques is essential for the discovery of new drugs for HBV therapy. The insights further highlight the importance of natural compounds and in silico methods as targets in drug discovery for HBV therapy. Moreover, the combination of natural compounds, an in silico approach, and drug repurposing improves the chances of personalized and precision medicine in HBV treatment. Therefore, we recommend drug repurposing strategies that combine in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches to facilitate the discovery of effective HBV drugs.}, }
@article {pmid40142428, year = {2025}, author = {Bylica, I and Jachowicz-Matczak, E and Brodowicz, J and Sułkowska, J and Bociąga-Jasik, M and Heczko, P and Gagatek, S and Bylica, J and Wójkowska-Mach, J}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity in Immunocompetent European Adults: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40142428}, issn = {2076-2607}, support = {2020/39/B/NZ6/01939//National Science Centre Poland/ ; U1C/W41/NO/28.24//the Priority Research Area (name of the PRA) under the Strategic Programme Excellence Initiative at Jagiellonian University/ ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, profoundly impacted global health systems and economies. Vaccination and diagnostic advancements were pivotal in managing the pandemic. This systematic review evaluates antibody levels in adults following complete COVID-19 vaccination and examines the prevalence of infections in vaccinated populations. A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted, focusing on studies analyzing antibody levels at least 14 days after full vaccination with FDA- or EMA-approved vaccines. Five European studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Data were extracted and synthesized from studies involving 6280 participants aged 19 to 105, with an average of 11% having prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Antibody levels were analyzed over time, and the incidence of post-vaccination COVID-19 cases was recorded. The reviewed studies demonstrated that antibody levels peaked shortly after vaccination but gradually declined over time. Individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibited higher antibody titers than those without prior exposure. After the first dose, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine led to significantly higher antibody levels than the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, especially in those without prior infection. Across all studies, the incidence of COVID-19 among vaccinated individuals was low (0.1-3.8% for 144-302 days post-vaccination). Vaccination reduced severe outcomes despite decreasing antibody levels. The decline in new COVID-19 cases and related deaths is attributed to widespread vaccination, natural immunity, and virus mutations reducing severity. Further studies are warranted to explore antibody persistence and optimal vaccination strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40141892, year = {2025}, author = {Jeon, J and Kang, D and Kim, SW}, title = {Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Microbial Disinfection.}, journal = {Micromachines}, volume = {16}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40141892}, issn = {2072-666X}, support = {2022R1A3B1078291, 2020R1A5A1019131//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; }, abstract = {The global COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the pivotal role of microbial disinfection technologies, driving the demand for innovative, efficient, and sustainable solutions. Triboelectric technology, known for efficiently converting ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy, has emerged as a promising candidate to address these needs. Self-powered electro-based microbial disinfection using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has emerged as a promising solution. TENGs have demonstrated effective disinfection capabilities in various settings, including water, air, surfaces, and wounds. This review explores the advancements in TENG-based microbial disinfection, highlighting its mechanisms and applications. By utilizing triboelectric technology, it provides comprehensive insights into the development of sustainable and efficient solutions for microbial control across diverse environments.}, }
@article {pmid40141784, year = {2025}, author = {Caliman-Sturdza, OA and Gheorghita, R and Lobiuc, A}, title = {Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Long COVID-19: A Narrative Review of Clinical Aspects and Therapeutic Approaches.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40141784}, issn = {2075-1729}, abstract = {The COVID-19 (C-19) pandemic has highlighted the significance of understanding the long-term effects of this disease on the quality of life of those infected. Long COVID-19 (L-C19) presents as persistent symptoms that continue beyond the main illness period, usually lasting weeks to years. One of the lesser-known but significant aspects of L-C19 is its impact on neuropsychiatric manifestations, which can have a profound effect on an individual's quality of life. Research shows that L-C19 creates neuropsychiatric issues such as mental fog, emotional problems, and brain disease symptoms, along with sleep changes, extreme fatigue, severe head pain, tremors with seizures, and pain in nerves. People with cognitive problems plus fatigue and mood disorders experience great difficulty handling everyday activities, personal hygiene, and social interactions. Neuropsychiatric symptoms make people withdraw from social activity and hurt relationships, thus causing feelings of loneliness. The unpredictable state of L-C19 generates heavy psychological pressure through emotional suffering, including depression and anxiety. Neuropsychiatric changes such as cognitive impairment, fatigue, and mood swings make it hard for people to work or study effectively, which decreases their output at school or work and lowers their job contentment. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the clinical data present in the literature regarding the neuropsychiatric manifestations of L-C19, to identify current methods of diagnosis and treatment that lead to correct management of the condition, and to highlight the impact of these manifestations on patients' quality of life.}, }
@article {pmid40141748, year = {2025}, author = {Stasi, C}, title = {Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Sequelae in Liver Diseases.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40141748}, issn = {2075-1729}, abstract = {During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several studies highlighted a worse prognosis for patients with alterations in liver function tests, especially those with pre-existing liver diseases. However, further studies are needed to define the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on liver diseases. Long COVID-19 encompasses a wide range of signs and symptoms, including exacerbations of pre-existing chronic conditions or new onset conditions developed after the COVID-19 acute phase. Therefore, the long-term effects of COVID-19 extensively include hepatic manifestations. The co-expression of angiotensin-converting receptor 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) has been demonstrated also in enterocytes, cholangiocytes, and hepatocytes. Studies on the post-COVID-19 sequelae have shown the presence of steatosis and necroinflammation in the liver, concomitantly with an alteration of inflammation, cytolysis and cholestasis indices. Some studies also demonstrated an increased risk for hepatobiliary pathologies, including secondary biliary cholangitis and worsening of the severity of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD). Based on these premises, this review aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to COVID-19-related liver and hepatobiliary damage; explore its implications for liver inflammation and fibrosis, with a particular focus on MASLD and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); and analyze the short- and long-term COVID-19 sequelae. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database for relevant studies published in English.}, }
@article {pmid40141737, year = {2025}, author = {Lee, SE and Kim, DY and Jeong, TS and Park, YS}, title = {Micro- and Nano-Plastic-Induced Adverse Health Effects on Lungs and Kidneys Linked to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40141737}, issn = {2075-1729}, support = {HV22C0160//Korean Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)/ ; NRF-2020R1A2C1011704//National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/ ; }, abstract = {Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) are small plastic particles that result from the breakdown of larger plastics. They are widely dispersed in the environment and pose a threat to wildlife and humans. MNPs are present in almost all everyday items, including food, drinks, and household products. Air inhalation can also lead to exposure to MNPs. Research in animals indicates that once MNPs are absorbed, they can spread to various organs, including the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, thymus, reproductive organs, kidneys, and even the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, MPs can transport persistent organic pollutants or heavy metals from invertebrates to higher levels in the food chain. When ingested, the additives and monomers that comprise MNPs can disrupt essential biological processes in the human body, thereby leading to disturbances in the endocrine and immune systems. During the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, there was a significant increase in the global use of polypropylene-based face masks, leading to insufficient waste management and exacerbating plastic pollution. This review examines the existing research on the impact of MNP inhalation on human lung and kidney health based on in vitro and in vivo studies. Over the past decades, a wide range of studies suggest that MNPs can impact both lung and kidney tissues under both healthy and diseased conditions. Therefore, this review emphasizes the need for additional studies employing multi-approach analyses of various associated biomarkers and mechanisms to gain a comprehensive and precise understanding of the impact of MNPs on human health.}, }
@article {pmid40141733, year = {2025}, author = {Maria, LFBS and Batista, JET and Wachira, VK and Junior, WBC and Soares, AASM and Carvalho, IPSF and Peixoto, HM}, title = {Factors Associated with Post-COVID Cardiac Conditions and Potential Prognostic Factors: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40141733}, issn = {2075-1729}, support = {445276/2023-1//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; 445276/2023-1; Call No. 21/2023//Minist&#xe9;rio da Sa&#xfa;de/ ; }, abstract = {Cardiac conditions are a significant category of post-COVID conditions. The objective of this study was to synthesise the evidence on the factors associated with the development of post-COVID cardiac conditions, the frequency of clinical outcomes in affected patients, and the potential prognostic factors. A systematic review was conducted using the databases EBSCOhost, MEDLINE via PubMed, BVS, and Embase, covering studies from 2019 to December 2023. A total of 8343 articles were identified, and seven met the eligibility criteria for data extraction. The protective effect of vaccination stood out among the associated factors, showing a reduced risk of developing post-COVID cardiac conditions. Conversely, COVID-19 reinfections were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Regarding the main outcomes in these patients, most recovered, although some cases persisted beyond 200 days of follow-up. The study included in the analysis of prognostic factors reported that the four children who did not recover by the end of the study were between two and five years old and had gastrointestinal symptoms during the illness. The COVID-19 vaccination regimen reduces the risk of developing post-COVID cardiac conditions. Public health policies promoting immunisation should be encouraged to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections and reinfections.}, }
@article {pmid40141299, year = {2025}, author = {Mokra, D and Porvaznik, I and Mokry, J}, title = {N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury: Perspectives and Limitations.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {6}, pages = {}, pmid = {40141299}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {APVV-15-0075//Slovak Research and Development Agency/ ; APVV-18-0084//Slovak Research and Development Agency/ ; APVV-22-0342//Slovak Research and Development Agency/ ; VEGA 1/0131/22//Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic/ ; VEGA 1/0093/22//Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic/ ; }, mesh = {*Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Humans ; *Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy ; Animals ; *Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; COVID-19 ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; }, abstract = {N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can take part in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases because of the potent mucolytic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of NAC. However, less is known about its use in the treatment of acute lung injury. Nowadays, an increasing number of studies indicates that early administration of NAC may reduce markers of oxidative stress and alleviate inflammation in animal models of acute lung injury (ALI) and in patients suffering from distinct forms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or pulmonary infections including community-acquired pneumonia or Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19. Besides low costs, easy accessibility, low toxicity, and rare side effects, NAC can also be combined with other drugs. This article provides a review of knowledge on the mechanisms of inflammation and oxidative stress in various forms of ALI/ARDS and critically discusses experience with the use of NAC in these disorders. For preparing the review, articles published in the English language from the PubMed database were used.}, }
@article {pmid40141241, year = {2025}, author = {Graciliano, NG and Goulart, MOF and de Oliveira, ACM}, title = {Impact of Maternal Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on Immunological Components of Breast Milk.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {6}, pages = {}, pmid = {40141241}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {401256/2020-0; 465389/2014-7//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Milk, Human/immunology/virology ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/prevention &amp; control ; Female ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Maternal Exposure ; Infant, Newborn ; Breast Feeding ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired ; }, abstract = {COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global public health threat. Although no replication-competent virus has been found in breast milk samples, breastfeeding practices during the pandemic were impacted. It is well known that breast milk is adapted to meet the needs of infants, providing the appropriate amounts of nutrients and various bioactive compounds that contribute to the maturation of the immune system and antioxidant protection, safeguarding infants against diseases. While its composition is variable, breast milk contains immune cells, antibodies, and cytokines, which have anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial properties that strengthen infant immunity. Since COVID-19 vaccines have not yet been approved for infants under six months of age, newborns rely on the passive transfer of antibodies via the placenta and breast milk to protect them against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several studies that analyzed breast milk samples in the context of COVID-19 have demonstrated that a strong antibody response is induced following maternal infection with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of maternal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 through natural infection and/or vaccination on the immunological composition of breast milk based on the studies conducted on this topic.}, }
@article {pmid40141190, year = {2025}, author = {Rizzi, M and Sainaghi, PP}, title = {Vitamin D: A Nutraceutical Supplement at the Crossroad Between Respiratory Infections and COVID-19.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {6}, pages = {}, pmid = {40141190}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vitamin D/therapeutic use ; *Dietary Supplements ; *COVID-19/virology/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/virology/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy/immunology ; }, abstract = {Even though in mid-2023 the World Health Organization declared the end of the public health emergency of international concern status for COVID-19, many areas of uncertainty about SARS-CoV-2 infection pathophysiology remain. Although in the last 4 years pharmaceutical industries widely invested in the development of effective antiviral treatments and vaccines, large disparities in their availability worldwide still exist, thus fostering the investigation of nutritional supplements as adjuvant therapeutic approaches for disease management, especially in resource-limited settings. During the COVID-19 pandemic, vitamin D has been widely used as an over-the-counter solution to improve disease evolution, thanks to its known immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions. Ecological and observational studies support a relationship between hypovitaminosis D and COVID-19 negative outcomes and, according to this evidence, several research groups investigated the role of vitamin D supplementation in protecting from SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or improving disease evolution. This narrative review is intended to offer insights into the existing data on vitamin D's biological effects in respiratory infections, especially in COVID-19. Furthermore, it will also offer a brief overview of the complex interplay between vitamin D and vaccine-elicited immune response, with special attention to anti-COVID-19 vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid40141030, year = {2025}, author = {Wyżewski, Z and Gregorczyk-Zboroch, KP and Mielcarska, MB and Świtlik, W and Niedzielska, A}, title = {Bid Protein: A Participant in the Apoptotic Network with Roles in Viral Infections.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {6}, pages = {}, pmid = {40141030}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {2023/07/X/NZ6/01069//National Science Center/ ; }, mesh = {*BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/metabolism ; Humans ; *Apoptosis ; *Virus Diseases/metabolism/virology ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; }, abstract = {The BH3-interacting domain death agonist (Bid), a proapoptotic signaling molecule of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family, is a key regulator of mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeability. Uniquely positioned at the intersection of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, Bid links death receptor signaling to the mitochondria-dependent cascade and can also be activated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In its active forms, cleaved Bid (cBid) and truncated Bid (tBid), it disrupts MOM integrity via Bax/Bak-dependent and independent mechanisms. Apoptosis plays a dual role in viral infections, either promoting or counteracting viral propagation. Consequently, viruses modulate Bid signaling to favor their replication. The deregulation of Bid activity contributes to oncogenic transformation, inflammation, immunosuppression, neurotoxicity, and pathogen propagation during various viral infections. In this work, we explore Bid's structure, function, activation processes, and mitochondrial targeting. We describe its role in apoptosis induction and its involvement in infections with multiple viruses. Additionally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of Bid in antiviral strategies. Understanding Bid's signaling pathways offers valuable insights into host-virus interactions and the pathogenesis of infections. This knowledge may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches to combat virus-associated diseases effectively.}, }
@article {pmid40140981, year = {2025}, author = {Embrett, M and Carson, A and Sim, M and Conway, A and Moore, E and Hancock, K and Bielska, I}, title = {Building Resilient and Responsive Health Research Systems:Responses and the Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Health research policy and systems}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {38}, pmid = {40140981}, issn = {1478-4505}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Pandemics ; *Public Health ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Capacity Building/organization &amp; administration ; Health Services Research/organization &amp; administration ; Developed Countries ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the crucial role of robust health research systems (HRSs) in supporting effective public health responses. Understanding the responses and lessons learned from HRS during the pandemic is vital for future preparedness.<br><br>METHODS: This environmental scan examined high income Countries with a HRS that responded to the COVID-19 pandemic using both academic and grey literature sources to gather comprehensive insights into these areas. The analysis was structured using an organizing framework to facilitate systematic extraction and synthesis of relevant information. A total of 5336 sources were identified of which 3609 were screened following duplicate removal. A total of 117 full-text sources were reviewed leading to 65 being included.<br><br>FINDINGS: Effective interdisciplinary and cross-sector collaborations significantly enhanced the capacity to respond to the pandemic. Clear and streamlined governance structures were essential for coordinated efforts across various entities, facilitating swift decision-making and resource allocation. The robustness of pre-existing research infrastructures played a crucial role in the rapid mobilization of resources and execution of large-scale research projects. Knowledge mobilization efforts were vital in disseminating research findings promptly to inform public health responses. Continuous tracking and evaluation of health research activities enabled real-time adjustments and informed decision-making. Rapid identification and funding of research priorities, including vaccine and therapeutic development, were critical in addressing urgent public health needs. Effective resource allocation and capacity-building efforts ensured focused and accelerated research responses. Comprehensive strategic planning, involving stakeholder engagement and robust monitoring tools, was essential for aligning research efforts with health system needs.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the necessity of flexible funding mechanisms, enhanced data-sharing practices and robust strategic planning to prepare for future health emergencies. Policy implications emphasize the need for sustained investments in health policy and systems research (HPSR) and the development of comprehensive governance frameworks. Research implications highlight the importance of community engagement and interdisciplinary partnerships. For decision-makers, the study stresses the importance of rapid response mechanisms and evidence-based policy making. Health research systems must prioritize maintaining adaptable infrastructures and strategic planning to ensure effective crisis response. Despite potential biases and the rapidly evolving context, this comprehensive analysis provides valuable lessons for strengthening HRSs to address future public health challenges.}, }
@article {pmid40139711, year = {2025}, author = {Mulla, RT and Hirdes, JP and Kroetsch, B and McAiney, C and Heckman, GA}, title = {Consequences of loneliness/isolation and visitation restrictions on the mood of long-term care residents without severe dementia pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {e090522}, pmid = {40139711}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Loneliness/psychology ; *Long-Term Care ; *Social Isolation/psychology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Depression/epidemiology/psychology ; Affect ; Aged ; Dementia/psychology ; Pandemics ; Nursing Homes ; Mental Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mental health disorders are common among residents of long-term care (LTC). Despite depression being the most common type of mental illness, it is often undiagnosed in LTC. Due to its prevalence, chronicity and associated morbidity, depression poses a considerable service use burden. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought needed attention to the mental health challenges faced by older adults in LTC.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To explore the effects of isolation on the mood of LTC residents and compare between both the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods.<br><br>DESIGN: A scoping review.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and medRxiv were searched for studies that met the eligibility criteria: (1) articles assessing mood or mental health status of LTC residents; (2) mood disturbance resulting from visitation restrictions/isolation or loneliness; (3) residents were without severe dementia or moderate/severe cognitive impairment and (4) studies were available in English. Studies were excluded if their entire sample was residents with severe cognitive impairment or severe dementia. A total of 31 studies were included in this review. The total number of articles retrieved from the databases searched was 3652 articles, of which 409 duplicates were removed. 3242 article titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility, of which 3063 were excluded. The remaining 180 full-text studies were reviewed for eligibility, where an additional 149 studies were excluded. Data were then extracted from all full-length pieces for analysis, and findings were summarised.<br><br>RESULTS: The review identified contradictory views with a diversity of findings highlighting the complexity of factors influencing residents' mood during a global health crisis such as that of COVID-19. Studies highlighted the importance of quality interactions with others for the well-being of LTC residents. Significant correlations were found between social isolation, loneliness and depression. During COVID-19, visitation restrictions led to increased loneliness, depression and mood problems, especially among residents without cognitive impairment. However, some studies reported no significant adverse effects or even a decrease in depression symptoms during COVID-19 restrictions, possibly due to implemented strategies to maintain social engagement.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on LTC homes, influencing the physical and mental well-being of residents. This highlighted pre-existing challenges in the LTC system, emphasising the importance of comprehensive strategies to safeguard resident mental health. It is important to combine measures to ensure both physical safety and mental well-being.}, }
@article {pmid40139702, year = {2025}, author = {Zhu, L and Zhang, Y and Li, X and Zou, X and Bing, P and Qi, M and He, B}, title = {Vitamin D supplementation for managing COVID-19 in patients with vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {e091903}, pmid = {40139702}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy/complications ; *Vitamin D/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; *Dietary Supplements ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications/therapy ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Respiration, Artificial ; Vitamins/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the population. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation might be useful for treating COVID-19 infection. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to explore vitamin D supplementation efficacy in treating COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency.<br><br>DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science.<br><br>ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials exploring vitamin D supplementation for patients with COVID-19 and vitamin D deficiency.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent reviewers employed standardised methods to search, screen and code the included studies. The primary outcomes included mortality during follow-up, 28-day mortality, need for mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU). The secondary outcome included length of stay in hospital and ICU. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool. Depending on the level of heterogeneity, either a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model was applied. The findings were summarised using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence profiles and synthesised qualitatively.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of nine studies, comprising 870 participants, were included in the analysis. The pooled results indicated that vitamin D supplementation was associated with a lower risk of mortality (risk ratio 0.76; 95%&#x2009;CI 0.60 to 0.97). However, this apparent benefit was not robust when examined through the leave-one-out method and trial sequential analysis. Regarding other outcomes, there was no statistically significant difference between vitamin D supplementation and no supplementation in terms of 28-day mortality, the need for mechanical ventilation and ICU admission. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a 0.41&#x2009;day shorter length of stay in the ICU (mean difference -0.41; 95% CI -1.09 to 0.28) and a 0.07&#x2009;day shorter length of stay in the hospital (mean difference -0.07; 95% CI -0.61 to 0.46) compared with no supplementation; however, neither difference was statistically significant.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Based on evidence of low to moderate quality, vitamin D supplementation reduced the mortality rate during follow-up in COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency. However, it did not improve 28-day mortality, nor did it reduce the need for mechanical ventilation and ICU admission, or the length of stay in the ICU and hospital.<br><br>PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024573791.}, }
@article {pmid40139334, year = {2025}, author = {Wu, H and Liu, Z and Li, Y}, title = {Intestinal microbiota and respiratory system diseases: Relationships with three common respiratory virus infections.}, journal = {Microbial pathogenesis}, volume = {203}, number = {}, pages = {107500}, doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107500}, pmid = {40139334}, issn = {1096-1208}, mesh = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; *COVID-19/microbiology/immunology ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/microbiology/immunology ; *Influenza, Human/microbiology/immunology/virology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology/virology ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Animals ; }, abstract = {In recent years, the role of the intestinal microbiota in regulating host health and immune balance has attracted widespread attention. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the close relationship between the intestinal microbiota and respiratory system diseases, with a focus on three common respiratory virus infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and influenza virus. The research indicates that during RSV infection, there is a significant decrease in intestinal microbial diversity, suggesting the impact of the virus on the intestinal ecosystem. In SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are evident alterations in the intestinal microbiota, which are positively correlated with the severity of the disease. Similarly, influenza virus infection is associated with dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, and studies have shown that the application of specific probiotics exhibits beneficial effects against influenza virus infection. Further research indicates that the intestinal microbiota exerts a wide and profound impact on the occurrence and development of respiratory system diseases through various mechanisms, including modulation of the immune system and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This article comprehensively analyzes these research advances, providing new perspectives and potential strategies for the prevention and treatment of future respiratory system diseases. This study not only deepens our understanding of the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and respiratory system diseases but also offers valuable insights for further exploring the role of host-microbiota interactions in the development of diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40139096, year = {2025}, author = {Sarvepalli, S and Vadarevu, S}, title = {Non-antiviral therapies for viral infections: Harnessing host mechanisms.}, journal = {International immunopharmacology}, volume = {153}, number = {}, pages = {114521}, doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114521}, pmid = {40139096}, issn = {1878-1705}, mesh = {Humans ; *Virus Diseases/therapy/immunology/drug therapy ; Animals ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {Despite advancements in the field of directly acting anti-viral (DAA) therapies, viral infections still continue to pose significant global health challenges. The efficacy of DAAs are often hindered by mutations, origin of new strains, development of resistance and lack of broad spectrum effectiveness. Furthermore, patients with advanced-stage diseases may require higher doses and combinations of different DAA therapies, raising concerns about tolerability and safety. To overcome all these constraints, non-antiviral therapies that focuses on host mechanisms (also known as host-focused therapies) are emerging as an innovative approach. Host focused therapy aims to target the host molecules and pathways that are essential for viral infection and disease progression. Along with addressing the above mentioned challenges, these host focused therapies can also modulate excessive inflammatory responses. Recent advancements in understanding host-virus interactions and the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of severe viral infections from viral entry and replication to disease progression, have accelerated the development of host-focused therapies aimed at combating these infections. This review explores the growing rationale and various opportunities for host-focused therapies for severe viral infections including zika virus, dengue, HIV, influenza, and covid-19 to name a few. In addition, current clinical trial information on various classes of host focused therapies are presented, highlighting their therapeutic potential and significance in the field.}, }
@article {pmid40139071, year = {2025}, author = {Ishigaki, H and Itoh, Y}, title = {Translational research on pandemic virus infection using nonhuman primate models.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {606}, number = {}, pages = {110511}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110511}, pmid = {40139071}, issn = {1096-0341}, mesh = {Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *COVID-19/virology/epidemiology/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; *Primates ; *Translational Research, Biomedical ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; Influenza, Human/virology/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; }, abstract = {After the COVID-19 pandemic, nonhuman primate (NHP) models, which are necessary for the rapid development of vaccines and new medical therapies, have become important in studies on infectious diseases because of their genetic, metabolic, and immunological similarities to humans. Our group has long been using NHP models in studies on infectious diseases including H1N1 influenza pandemic and COVID-19. Despite limitations such as the limited number of animals and the husbandry requirements, NHP models have contributed to the prediction of the pathogenicity of emerging viruses and the evaluation of the efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics due to the similarity of NHP models to humans before starting clinical trials to select good candidates of vaccines and drugs. In this review, the findings obtained in NHP infectious disease models of influenza and COVID-19 are summarized to clarify the benefits of NHP models for studies on infectious diseases. We believe that this review will support future research in exploring new perspectives for the development of vaccines and therapies targeting influenza, COVID-19, and infectious diseases in future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid40138520, year = {2025}, author = {Khan, HR and Sultan, R and Javeed, M and Yasmeen, H and Arooj, I and Janiad, S}, title = {Functional foods and immune system: A sustainable inhibitory approach against SARS-COV-2.}, journal = {Antiviral therapy}, volume = {30}, number = {2}, pages = {13596535251322297}, doi = {10.1177/13596535251322297}, pmid = {40138520}, issn = {2040-2058}, mesh = {Humans ; *Functional Food ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Immune System/immunology ; }, abstract = {Background: COVID-19 has become the center of attention since its outbreak in December 2019. Despite the discovery of its preventive vaccine, role of healthy immune system is undebatable. Functional foods are continuously hunted as a promising option for a safe natural therapeutic treatment.Purpose: This review demonstrates how functional foods can boost host immune system, promote antiviral operation, and synthesize biologically effective molecules against SARS-COV-2.Research Methodology: For current review, online search was conducted for nature-based functional immune boosters against SARS-COV-2.Conclusion: Functional foods, alongside a healthy lifestyle, fortifies the human immune system and could all help to dramatically lower the cost burden of COVID-19, the suffering of the patients, and the mortality rates worldwide.}, }
@article {pmid40138101, year = {2025}, author = {Eghbalifard, N and Nouri, N and Rouzbahani, S and Bakhshi, M and Ghasemi Kahrizsangi, N and Golafshan, F and Abbasi, F}, title = {Hypoxia signaling in cancer: HIF-1α stimulated by COVID-19 can lead to cancer progression and chemo-resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).}, journal = {Discover oncology}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {399}, pmid = {40138101}, issn = {2730-6011}, abstract = {The potential implications of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development, chemo-resistance, tumor recurrence, and patient outcomes are explored, emphasizing the urgent need for tailored therapeutic strategies to mitigate these risks. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in OSCC studies has highlighted HIF-1α as a crucial prognostic marker in OSCC, with implications for disease prognosis and patient survival. Its overexpression has been linked to aggressive subtypes in early OSCC stages, indicating its significance as an early biomarker for disease progression. Moreover, dysplastic lesions with heightened HIF-1α expression exhibit a greater propensity for malignant transformation, underscoring its role in early oral carcinogenesis. Cancer patients, including those with OSCC, face an elevated risk of severe COVID-19 complications, which may further impact cancer progression and treatment outcomes. Understanding the interplay between COVID-19 infection, HIF-1α activation, and OSCC pathogenesis is crucial for enhancing clinical management strategies. So, insights from this review shed light on the significance of HIF-1α in OSCC tumorigenesis, metastasis formation, and patient prognosis. The review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the precise mechanisms through which HIF-1α modulates cancer progression and chemo-resistance in the context of COVID-19 infection. Such knowledge is essential for developing targeted therapeutic interventions to improve outcomes for OSCC patients.}, }
@article {pmid40137834, year = {2025}, author = {Farias, LABG and Weyne, LS and Landim, LS and de Holanda, PEL and Santos, ADS and Cavalcanti, LPG and Costa, LB and Dantas de Melo, AGN and Medeiros, MS and Girão, ES and Coelho, TMS and Perdigão Neto, LV}, title = {Alterations and Dynamics of Major Meningitis Etiological Agents During and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Tropical medicine and infectious disease}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40137834}, issn = {2414-6366}, abstract = {The transmission dynamics of many pathogens were altered during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several factors, including control measures and social distancing, have influenced the circulation and epidemiology of major etiological agents of meningitis during this period. This review examined trends in the primary etiologic agents of meningitis during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and SciELO databases for studies published between 2020 and 2024. The data were summarized descriptively and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Thirty-eight studies are included in this review. Bacterial and viral meningitis pathogens exhibited significant epidemiological shifts during the pandemic. A marked decline in infections caused by the enteroviruses, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae was observed from 2020 to 2021 in the northern and southern hemispheres during the pandemic. Post-pandemic, meningitis cases increased, with a resurgence in various countries. Despite the heterogeneity of the studies, the evidence indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the epidemiology of meningitis-causing microorganisms during and after the pandemic. Understanding these epidemiological shifts and dynamics is crucial for defining the control measures, vaccination strategies, and public health policies in the post-COVID-19 era.}, }
@article {pmid40137827, year = {2025}, author = {Jani, CT and Mouchati, C and Abdallah, N and Jani, R and Kakoullis, L and Chen, LH}, title = {Do Statins Affect Viral Infections Encountered by International Travelers?.}, journal = {Tropical medicine and infectious disease}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40137827}, issn = {2414-6366}, abstract = {Statins are among the most frequently prescribed medications. In addition to their well-established effectiveness in lowering total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, statins have been described to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and have been associated with improved endothelial functions. Given the common use of statins, we sought to evaluate the effect of statins on some viral infections encountered by residents in tropical areas or by international travelers. A literature search was performed in PubMED/MEDLINE focusing on keywords that included statins and the viruses of interest, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, yellow fever, dengue, Zika, tick-borne encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever viruses, hepatitis A, norovirus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, measles, and herpesviruses; findings were synthesized for each virus into a summary. The effects of statins on viral infections vary depending on the specific virus. While some studies indicate potential benefits in chronic HBV and HCV infections, evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2 and influenza remains inconclusive due to mixed findings from observational studies and randomized controlled trials. The role of statins in other viral infections is largely unexplored, with preclinical data available for only a few viruses. Given the conflicting evidence, further prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are warranted to elucidate statins' role in viral infections, particularly in modulating inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and immune responses. Future research should aim to define the optimal patient populations, target viruses, statin types, and treatment durations that may confer benefits in specific viral infections.}, }
@article {pmid40137747, year = {2025}, author = {Contes, KM and Liu, BM}, title = {Epidemiology, Clinical Significance, and Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses and Their Co-Infections in the Post-COVID Era.}, journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40137747}, issn = {2076-0817}, support = {P30AI117970//DC CFAR/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Coinfection/epidemiology/diagnosis/virology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnosis ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/virology/diagnosis ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Clinical Relevance ; }, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel human coronavirus, emerged in late 2019 and rapidly evolved into a pandemic around the world. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically changed the epidemiology and seasonality of other traditional respiratory viruses, e.g., influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, enterovirus, etc. These traditional respiratory viruses have transmission mode and clinical symptoms similar to SARS-CoV-2 but may differ in clinical outcomes and management. Co-infection between SARS-CoV-2 and one or more traditional respiratory viruses have been reported in the literature but have shown mixed evidence in clinical outcomes. With SARS-CoV-2 evolving into mild Omicron variants, it is believed that SARS-CoV-2 co-circulates with other respiratory viruses, which in turn affect the epidemiology and clinical course of respiratory viral infections. In response to these changes, multiplex molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2 and one or more traditional respiratory viruses are attracting more attention in the field and have been developed into a variety of testing modalities. In this review, we describe the seasonality (i.e., in the Northern Hemisphere), epidemiology, and clinical significance of traditional respiratory viruses and their co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the post-COVID era. Furthermore, we review commonly used multiplex molecular tests and their applications for the detection of respiratory viruses and their co-infections. Altogether, this review not only sheds light on the epidemiology and clinical significance of respiratory viral infections and co-infections in the post-COVID era, and but also provides insights into the laboratory-based diagnoses of respiratory viral infections using multiplex molecular testing.}, }
@article {pmid40137051, year = {2025}, author = {Kukreti, S and Lu, MT and Yeh, CY and Ko, NY}, title = {Physiological Sensors Equipped in Wearable Devices for Management of Long COVID Persisting Symptoms: Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e69506}, pmid = {40137051}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {Humans ; *Wearable Electronic Devices ; *COVID-19/therapy/diagnosis ; Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Wearable technology has evolved in managing COVID-19, offering early monitoring of key physiological parameters. However, the role of wearables in tracking and managing long COVID is less understood and requires further exploration of their potential.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This review assessed the application and effectiveness of wearable devices in managing long COVID symptoms, focusing on commonly used sensors and their potential for improving long-term patient care.<br><br>METHODS: A literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central, adhering to PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) reporting guidelines. The search was updated regularly throughout 2024. Abstract and full-text screening and selection were facilitated using Rayyan software developed by&#xa0;Qatar Computing Research Institute. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool to ensure the methodological rigor of the included studies. Data were extracted on study characteristics, wearable devices, sensors used, and monitored physiological parameters, and the results were synthesized in a narrative format.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 1186 articles were identified, and after duplicate removal and screening, 15 studies were initially included, with 11 studies meeting the criteria for final data synthesis. The included studies varied in design, ranging from observational to interventional trials, and involved sample sizes from 3 to 17,667 participants across different countries. In total, 10 different wearable devices were used to monitor long COVID symptoms, capturing key metrics such as heart rate variability, body temperature, sleep, and physical activity. Smartwatches were the most used wearable devices and fitness trackers with electrocardiography and photoplethysmography sensors were used to monitor heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. Of the 10 devices, 4 were Food and Drug Administration-approved, emphasizing the reliability and validation of the physiological data collected. Studies were primarily conducted in the United States and Europe, reflecting significant regional research interest in wearable technology for long COVID management.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the potential of wearable technology in providing continuous and personalized monitoring for long COVID patients. Although wearables show promise in tracking persistent symptoms, further research is needed to improve usability, validate long-term efficacy, and enhance patient engagement.}, }
@article {pmid40136995, year = {2025}, author = {Luo, S and Yin, L and Liu, X and Wang, X}, title = {Advances in Virus Biorecognition and Detection Techniques for the Surveillance and Prevention of Infectious Diseases.}, journal = {Biosensors}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40136995}, issn = {2079-6374}, support = {82027806, 92461308, 82372220, 82061148012//Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Biosensing Techniques/methods ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/diagnosis/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Virus Diseases/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control ; Viruses/isolation &amp; purification ; Animals ; }, abstract = {Viral infectious diseases pose a serious threat to global public health due to their high transmissibility, rapid mutation rates, and limited treatment options. Recent outbreaks of diseases such as plague, monkeypox, avian influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have underscored the urgent need for efficient diagnostic and surveillance technologies. Focusing on viral infectious diseases that seriously threaten human health, this review summarizes and analyzes detection techniques from the perspective of combining viral surveillance and prevention advice, and discusses applications in improving diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. One of the major innovations of this review is the systematic integration of advanced biorecognition and detection technologies, such as bionanosensors, rapid detection test strips, and microfluidic platforms, along with the exploration of artificial intelligence in virus detection. These technologies address the limitations of traditional methods and enable the real-time monitoring and early warning of viral outbreaks. By analyzing the application of these technologies in the detection of pathogens, new insights are provided for the development of next-generation diagnostic tools to address emerging and re-emerging viral threats. In addition, we analyze the current progress of developed vaccines, combining virus surveillance with vaccine research to provide new ideas for future viral disease prevention and control and vaccine development, and call for global attention and the development of new disease prevention and detection technologies.}, }
@article {pmid40136667, year = {2025}, author = {Aligolighasemabadi, F and Bakinowska, E and Kiełbowski, K and Sadeghdoust, M and Coombs, KM and Mehrbod, P and Ghavami, S}, title = {Autophagy and Respiratory Viruses: Mechanisms, Viral Exploitation, and Therapeutic Insights.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, pmid = {40136667}, issn = {2073-4409}, mesh = {Humans ; *Autophagy ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/immunology/therapy ; Virus Diseases/therapy/immunology/virology ; Animals ; Viruses ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Virus Replication ; }, abstract = {Respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), continue to impose a heavy global health burden. Despite existing vaccination programs, these infections remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially among vulnerable populations like children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. However, the current therapeutic options for respiratory viral infections are often limited to supportive care, underscoring the need for novel treatment strategies. Autophagy, particularly macroautophagy, has emerged as a fundamental cellular process in the host response to respiratory viral infections. This process not only supports cellular homeostasis by degrading damaged organelles and pathogens but also enables xenophagy, which selectively targets viral particles for degradation and enhances cellular defense. However, viruses have evolved mechanisms to manipulate the autophagy pathways, using them to evade immune detection and promote viral replication. This review examines the dual role of autophagy in viral manipulation and host defense, focusing on the complex interplay between respiratory viruses and autophagy-related pathways. By elucidating these mechanisms, we aim to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting autophagy to enhance antiviral responses, offering promising directions for the development of effective treatments against respiratory viral infections.}, }
@article {pmid40136649, year = {2025}, author = {Chavda, VP and Bezbaruah, R and Ahmed, N and Alom, S and Bhattacharjee, B and Nalla, LV and Rynjah, D and Gadanec, LK and Apostolopoulos, V}, title = {Proinflammatory Cytokines in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Their Management.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {}, pmid = {40136649}, issn = {2073-4409}, mesh = {Humans ; *Cytokines/metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; Animals ; Inflammation/pathology/metabolism ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/metabolism/drug therapy/immunology ; Lung Diseases/metabolism/drug therapy/immunology/pathology ; }, abstract = {Pulmonary homeostasis can be agitated either by external environmental insults or endogenous factors produced during respiratory/pulmonary diseases. The lungs counter these insults by initiating mechanisms of inflammation as a localized, non-specific first-line defense response. Cytokines are small signaling glycoprotein molecules that control the immune response. They are formed by numerous categories of cell types and induce the movement, growth, differentiation, and death of cells. During respiratory diseases, multiple proinflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in orchestrating chronic inflammation and structural changes in the respiratory tract by recruiting inflammatory cells and maintaining the release of growth factors to maintain inflammation. The issue aggravates when the inflammatory response is exaggerated and/or cytokine production becomes dysregulated. In such instances, unresolving and chronic inflammatory reactions and cytokine production accelerate airway remodeling and maladaptive outcomes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines generate these deleterious consequences through interactions with receptors, which in turn initiate a signal in the cell, triggering a response. The cytokine profile and inflammatory cascade seen in different pulmonary diseases vary and have become fundamental targets for advancement in new therapeutic strategies for lung diseases. There are considerable therapeutic approaches that target cytokine-mediated inflammation in pulmonary diseases; however, blocking specific cytokines may not contribute to clinical benefit. Alternatively, broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory approaches are more likely to be clinically effective. Herein, this comprehensive review of the literature identifies various cytokines (e.g., interleukins, chemokines, and growth factors) involved in pulmonary inflammation and the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary, lung cancer, pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis) and investigates targeted therapeutic treatment approaches.}, }
@article {pmid40136608, year = {2025}, author = {Suresh, V and Shamim, MA and Ghosh, V and Dave, T and Jayan, M and Verma, A and Sanker, V and Roy, P and Bardhan, M}, title = {SGLT2 Inhibitors in COVID-19: Umbrella Review, Meta-Analysis, and Bayesian Sensitivity Assessment.}, journal = {Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40136608}, issn = {2079-9721}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported a reduced risk of COVID-19-related mortality in patients taking antidiabetic medications. This is an umbrella review, meta-analysis, and Bayesian sensitivity assessment of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<br><br>METHODS: A search was conducted on the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases on 5/12/2023. We performed an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the effects of SGLT2is in T2DM patients with COVID-19 and critically appraised them using AMSTAR 2.0. Trials investigating SGLT2i use in COVID-19 patients post-hospitalisation and observational studies on prior SGLT2i use among COVID-19 patients were included in the meta-analysis, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines.<br><br>RESULTS: SGLT2is exhibited significantly lower odds of mortality (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.84) and hospitalisation (OR 0.84, 0.75-0.94) in COVID-19 patients with T2DM. Bayesian sensitivity analyses corroborated most of the findings, with differences observed in hospitalisation and mortality outcomes. SGLT-2 inhibitors showed an OR of 1.20 (95% CI 0.64-2.27) for diabetic ketoacidosis. Publication bias was observed for hospitalisation, but not for mortality. The GRADE assessment indicated a low to very low quality of evidence because of the observational studies included.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The prophylactic use of SGLT2is reduces mortality and hospitalisation among COVID-19 patients, particularly in patients with diabetes. The utility of SGLT2is after hospitalisation is uncertain and warrants further investigation. A limited efficacy has been observed under critical conditions. Individualised assessment is crucial before integration into COVID-19 management.}, }
@article {pmid40136151, year = {2025}, author = {Moré, JS and Serbena, DR and Camargo, LGG and Clemente, PA and Santos, FSD and Bonini, JS}, title = {How the COVID-19 pandemic affected routine child vaccination: an integrative review.}, journal = {Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil)}, volume = {23}, number = {}, pages = {eRW1119}, pmid = {40136151}, issn = {2317-6385}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Child ; *Vaccination Coverage/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Infant ; Immunization Programs ; Child, Preschool ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Child immunization plays a critical role in preventing numerous diseases. However, the COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly disrupted healthcare systems globally, including routine child vaccination programs.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the reduction in vaccine coverage among infants and children during the pandemic and analyze the potential impacts of decreased child immunization during this period.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted using the MeSH terms "Child," "Vaccination", and "COVID-19," along with their synonyms. Systematic reviews published between March 11, 2020, and June 1, 2023, in Portuguese or English were included. Databases searched included PubMed, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Sa&#xfa;de), Embase, and Scopus. Two blinded independent reviewers performed the selection process, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. The AMSTAR-II tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 1,534 eligible articles, only 13 addressed the pandemic's impact on children's vaccination coverage. Most studies involved multiple countries and reported a significant decrease in children's vaccination coverage due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings were heterogeneous but consistently highlighted the substantial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine vaccination coverage in most countries. Further research is needed to explore the epidemiological consequences of disruptions to vaccination schedules, potentially guiding public policies and raising awareness about the importance of adhering to health protection programs.}, }
@article {pmid40135763, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, C and Zhang, YQ and Liu, RB and Ma, YT and Zhao, LK and Yin, FQ and Tu, J and Yao, YY}, title = {Growing attention of immunogenicity among patients with autoimmune diseases post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: meta-analysis and systematic reviews of the current studies.}, journal = {Annals of medicine}, volume = {57}, number = {1}, pages = {2478319}, pmid = {40135763}, issn = {1365-2060}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; *Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine/immunology ; Vaccination ; Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the optimal strategy for patients with autoimmune diseases by comparing the immunoreaction and effectiveness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines between healthy individuals and patients.<br><br>METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies on effectiveness and immunoreaction to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune diseases published until October 07, 2022. The quality of each included study was evaluated by independent reviewers using National Institutes of Health study quality assessment tool, and the STATA 15.0 software was used for all statistical analyses.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 84 publications were included and analyzed in this meta-analysis, favoring healthy controls regarding serological response (risk ratio, RR=0.88, 95% CI (confidence interval): 0.86-0.91), antibody response (RR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.87-0.94), and incidence of seropositive immunoglobulin G (IgG) (RR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.69-0.80) than patients post-vaccination. Patients with autoimmune diseases developed lower IgG (standard mean difference, SMD=-0.64 95%CI: -0.84 to -0.43) and antibody titer level (SMD=-1.39, 95%CI: -2.30 to -0.49) than healthy individuals in AU/ml. Stratified analyses were conducted further according to various potential factors in full-text studies.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Patients who are immunocompromised and received more vaccines demonstrated poorer humoral responses and seropositive incidence after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination than healthy individuals. Despite the lack of observable favor for patients with autoimmune diseases, the trend of effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is close to that for healthy populations. Patients who are immunocompromised should be provided a better SARS-CoV-2 vaccination schedule, considering various vaccine subtypes, dose(s), variants of concern, and immunoassays.}, }
@article {pmid40135595, year = {2025}, author = {Sarac, B and Yücer, S and Ciftci, F}, title = {MXenes in microbiology and virology: from pathogen detection to antimicrobial applications.}, journal = {Nanoscale}, volume = {17}, number = {16}, pages = {9619-9651}, doi = {10.1039/d5nr00477b}, pmid = {40135595}, issn = {2040-3372}, mesh = {Humans ; *Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Viruses/drug effects ; Fungi/drug effects ; COVID-19/virology/diagnosis ; Animals ; }, abstract = {MXenes, a rapidly emerging class of two-dimensional materials, have demonstrated exceptional versatility and functionality across various domains, including microbiology and virology. Recent advancements in MXene synthesis techniques, encompassing both top-down and bottom-up approaches, have expanded their potential applications in pathogen detection, antimicrobial treatments, and biomedical platforms. This review highlights the unique physicochemical properties of MXenes, including their large surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and high biocompatibility, which contribute to their antimicrobial efficacy against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. The antibacterial mechanisms of MXenes, including membrane disruption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and photothermal inactivation, are discussed alongside hybridization strategies that enhance their bioactivity. Additionally, the challenges and future prospects of MXenes in developing advanced antimicrobial coatings, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic systems are outlined. By addressing current limitations and exploring innovative solutions, this study underscores the transformative potential of MXenes in microbiology, virology, and biomedical applications.}, }
@article {pmid40135008, year = {2025}, author = {Alhasan, NA and Lombardi, M and Al-Ajmi, NS}, title = {Smart Accessibility and Quality of Life in Education: A Systematic Review of Adolescent Support and Universal Access.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {e79494}, pmid = {40135008}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The accelerated digitalization of secondary education following the COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally altered the nature of learner engagement and participation with various knowledge resources. From digital lessons to gamification to integrated smart technologies capable of supporting specific learner needs, the opportunity for inclusion and universal accessibility is unprecedented. This study represents an important extension of prior research in this field, combining multiple empirical studies regarding smart technologies, accessibility effects, and learner quality of life (QoL) into a blueprint for future educational applications. Through a systematic literature review (SLR), studies from multiple databases using multiple empirical methods have been identified and thematically compared. The findings reveal that while smart technologies have the potential to revolutionize inclusive education, accessibility gaps persist, particularly for students with special needs, leading to disparities in learning opportunities and outcomes. Such gaps stem from insufficiently adaptive technologies, inadequate teacher training, and limited resource allocation for underserved communities. By targeting a bottom-up, participative design approach to technological identification and integration, a broader range of student needs can be accommodated, and technological accessibility can be ensured for a larger percentage of the secondary student population. This study recommends improving educational outcomes for all students, especially those with special needs, by prioritizing the development of adaptable, inclusive technologies and continuous utility assessments. This research synthesizes findings from multiple studies to evaluate the impact of smart accessibility on adolescent learning and quality of life, providing a framework for assessing and improving technological integration in secondary education.}, }
@article {pmid40134857, year = {2025}, author = {Al-Ogaili, A and Brilakis, ES}, title = {Insights into the Global Total Occlusion Crossing Algorithm.}, journal = {Interventional cardiology (London, England)}, volume = {20}, number = {}, pages = {e06}, pmid = {40134857}, issn = {1756-1485}, abstract = {An algorithmic approach to chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention has led to an increase in the success rate and safety of the procedure. The global CTO crossing algorithm is a consensus document that was developed by 121 expert operators from 50 countries and published during the COVID-19 pandemic. It provides standardisation while allowing flexibility in CTO crossing strategy selection, and can facilitate teaching of CTO percutaneous coronary intervention across various regions of the world. In this review, the 10 steps of the global CTO crossing algorithm are discussed in detail.}, }
@article {pmid40134119, year = {2025}, author = {Uthman, OA and Katoto, PDMC and Anjorin, SS and Marais, T and Amiche, A and Nachega, JB}, title = {Gaps in vaccine clinical trials in Africa: A mixed scoping review and bibliometric analysis before, during, and post- COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {2481802}, pmid = {40134119}, issn = {2164-554X}, mesh = {Humans ; Africa/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Bibliometrics ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccine Development ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {Africa's participation in vaccine trials has historically been limited, but the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for greater involvement. This study explores vaccine clinical development in Africa, emphasizing its importance for global health security. Using a scoping review and bibliometric analysis, we examined 662 vaccine trials conducted before, during, and after the pandemic. The analysis revealed a significant increase in vaccine trials after 2018 and particularly following the end of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2023. Most trials focused on viral infections and were single-country studies. Pharmaceutical company sponsors funded most of the earlier trials, with increased government and academic involvement post-2020. Despite progress, challenges remain in the geographic distribution of trials, the number of government-supported studies, and the diversity of conditions studied. Addressing these gaps is crucial to bolstering Africa's role in global vaccine development.}, }
@article {pmid40133914, year = {2025}, author = {He, MZ and Zhang, HT and Yang, Y and Fang, Y and Zhang, M and Deng, SQ and Sun, X}, title = {Coinfection of COVID-19 and malaria: clinical profiles, interactions, and strategies for effective control.}, journal = {Malaria journal}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {99}, pmid = {40133914}, issn = {1475-2875}, support = {2023AH050649//Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province of China/ ; 82102432//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2108085QH347//Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Coinfection ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology/epidemiology ; *Malaria/complications/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {Since SARS-CoV-2 has caused unprecedented changes in the epidemiology of other infectious diseases, investigations on coinfection between SARS-CoV-2 and one of the famous vector-borne diseases, malaria, are crucial for disease control, especially in malaria-endemic areas. The clinical profiles, possible mechanisms for interactions, and representative control measures of COVID-19 and malaria coinfections have recently garnered public attention. The overlap in epidemiology, infection incubation, and clinical symptoms between COVID-19 and malaria coinfections has been thoroughly discussed to provide a detailed diagnostic procedure for coinfections, thereby guiding appropriate clinical interventions. Immunological and genetic evidence has shown that previous malaria exposure may protect the body from the poor prognosis of COVID-19. ACE2 downregulation and TLR-induced pathways play a role in this protective effect, as do CD8 + and CD4 + T-cell activation and coinhibitory receptor upregulation, which help maintain a balance of immune reactions. Finally, multiple control measures for coinfections were discussed, and malaria control efforts were enriched in the context of COVID-19. These efforts included (1) developing vaccinations; (2) evaluating the efficacy of anti-malarial drugs in the SARS-CoV-2 treatment; (3) exploring recent advances in natural products that are potentially useful for coinfection treatment; (4) researching and implementing bioinsecticides for malaria control, such as gene-driven mosquitoes, fungi, and bacterial symbionts; and (5) improving national electronic disease surveillance platforms in malaria-endemic regions. At last, the above findings summarized valuable lessons about malaria and COVID-19 control and expedite further investigations on coinfections with complex clinical presentations.}, }
@article {pmid40133891, year = {2025}, author = {Lee, QY and Chen, M and Ong, CW and Ho, CSH}, title = {The role of generative artificial intelligence in psychiatric education- a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC medical education}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {438}, pmid = {40133891}, issn = {1472-6920}, mesh = {Humans ; *Psychiatry/education ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Education, Medical/methods ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Canada ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The growing prevalence of mental health conditions, worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights the urgent need for enhanced psychiatric education. The distinctive nature of psychiatry- which is heavily centred on communication skills, interpersonal skills, and interviewing techniques- indicates a necessity for further research into the use of GenAI in psychiatric education.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Given GenAI has shown promising outcomes in medical education, this study aims to discuss the possible roles of GenAI in psychiatric education.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a scoping review to identify the role of GenAI in psychiatric education based on the educational framework of the Canadian Medical Education Directives for Specialists (CanMEDS).<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 12,594 papers identified, five studies met the inclusion criteria, revealing key roles for GenAI in case-based learning, simulation, content synthesis, and assessments. Despite these promising applications, limitations such as content accuracy, biases, and concerns regarding security and privacy were highlighted.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Despite these promising applications, limitations such as content accuracy, biases, and concerns regarding security and privacy have been highlighted. This study contributes to understanding how GenAI can enhance psychiatric education and suggests future research directions to refine its use in training medical students and primary care physicians. GenAI has significant potential to address the growing demand for mental health professionals, provided its limitations are carefully managed.}, }
@article {pmid40133851, year = {2025}, author = {Khales, P and Razizadeh, MH and Ghorbani, S and Moattari, A and Saadati, H and Tavakoli, A}, title = {Prevalence of respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infections during the COVID-19 pandemic era: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC pulmonary medicine}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {135}, pmid = {40133851}, issn = {1471-2466}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/virology ; Child ; Prevalence ; Child, Preschool ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Rhinovirus/isolation &amp; purification ; Infant ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The evaluation of the spread of respiratory viruses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is required to understand how SARS-CoV-2 may have impacted the spectrum of respiratory viruses among children. Our study aimed to examine the viral etiology of respiratory infections other than SARS-CoV-2 in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: Three databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from 2020 to 2023 to assess the pooled prevalence of respiratory viruses in different regions, types of patient care, and types of respiratory disease.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 68 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (29.1%) and Respiratory syncytial virus (11.3%) were among the most common viruses among children with respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the case of patients younger than 5 years old, Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (36.2%) were the most prevalent viruses among all types of respiratory diseases. Also, Rhinovirus/Enterovirus were the most common viruses in the case of acute respiratory infection (26.1%), upper respiratory tract infection (21.0%), pneumonia (97.3%), and severe acute respiratory infection (54.7%). The most common viruses detected among inpatient cases were Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (47.4%) and Respiratory syncytial virus (14.9%). The prevalence of Influenza A&#x2009;+&#x2009;B viruses and Metapneumovirus among inpatients was also significantly higher than among outpatients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of viruses such as Rhinovirus/Enterovirus and Respiratory syncytial virus in various respiratory conditions, shows the requirement for enhanced surveillance, vaccination, and treatment strategies. The significance of Influenza viruses and metapneumovirus in inpatient settings delineates the importance of prioritizing them in future preventive measures such as vaccine development to minimize respiratory infection-associated hospitalization.}, }
@article {pmid40133706, year = {2025}, author = {Rakovics, M and Meznerics, FA and Fehérvári, P and Kói, T and Csupor, D and Bánvölgyi, A and Rapszky, GA and Engh, MA and Hegyi, P and Harnos, A}, title = {Deep neural networks excel in COVID-19 disease severity prediction-a meta-regression analysis.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {10350}, pmid = {40133706}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy ; Humans ; *Severity of Illness Index ; *Neural Networks, Computer ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Prognosis ; Deep Learning ; Regression Analysis ; Machine Learning ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 is a disease in which early prognosis of severity is critical for desired patient outcomes and for the management of limited resources like intensive care unit beds and ventilation equipment. Many prognostic statistical tools have been developed for the prediction of disease severity, but it is still unclear which ones should be used in practice. We aim to guide clinicians in choosing the best available tools to make optimal decisions and assess their role in resource management and assess what can be learned from the COVID-19 scenario for development of prediction models in similar medical applications. Using the five major medical databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, and Scopus, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review of prediction tools between 2020 January and 2023 April for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We identified both the relevant confounding factors of tool performance using the MetaForest algorithm and the best tools-comparing linear, machine learning, and deep learning methods-with mixed-effects meta-regression models. The risk of bias was evaluated using the PROBAST tool. Our systematic search identified eligible 27,312 studies, out of which 290 were eligible for data extraction, reporting on 430 independent evaluations of severity prediction tools with ~ 2.8 million patients. Neural Network-based tools have the highest performance with a pooled AUC of 0.893 (0.748-1.000), 0.752 (0.614-0.853) sensitivity, 0.914 (0.849-0.952) specificity, using clinical, laboratory, and imaging data. The relevant confounders of performance are the geographic region of patients, the rate of severe cases, and the use of C-Reactive Protein as input data. 88% of studies have a high risk of bias, mostly because of deficiencies in the data analysis. All investigated tools in use aid decision-making for COVID-19 severity prediction, but Machine Learning tools, specifically Neural Networks clearly outperform other methods, especially in cases when the basic characteristics of severe and non-severe patient groups are similar, and without the need for more data. When highly specific biomarkers are not available-such as in the case of COVID-19-practitioners should abandon general clinical severity scores and turn to disease specific Machine Learning tools.}, }
@article {pmid40133503, year = {2025}, author = {Goig, GA and Windels, EM and Loiseau, C and Stritt, C and Biru, L and Borrell, S and Brites, D and Gagneux, S}, title = {Ecology, global diversity and evolutionary mechanisms in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.}, journal = {Nature reviews. Microbiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40133503}, issn = {1740-1534}, abstract = {With the COVID-19 pandemic receding, tuberculosis (TB) is again the number one cause of human death to a single infectious agent. TB is caused by bacteria that belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Recent advances in genome sequencing have provided new insights into the ecology and evolution of the MTBC. This includes the discovery of new phylogenetic lineages within the MTBC, a deeper understanding of the host tropism among the various animal-adapted lineages, enhanced knowledge on the evolutionary dynamics of antimicrobial resistance and transmission, as well as a better grasp of the within-host MTBC diversity. Moreover, advances in long-read sequencing are increasingly highlighting the relevance of structural genomic variation in the MTBC. These findings not only shed new light on the biology and epidemiology of TB, but also give rise to new questions and research avenues. The purpose of this Review is to summarize these new insights and discuss their implications for global TB control.}, }
@article {pmid40132732, year = {2025}, author = {He, Y and Zheng, Q and Zhifang, Z and Xiaofeng, N and Shenggen, W and Xue, M and Zheng, C and Liu, Z}, title = {When COVID-19 meets diabetes: A bibliometric analysis.}, journal = {Diabetes research and clinical practice}, volume = {223}, number = {}, pages = {112118}, doi = {10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112118}, pmid = {40132732}, issn = {1872-8227}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; Humans ; *Bibliometrics ; *Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors are concerned about the likelihood of developing further diseases. This study examines the global trends in scientific research on diabetes associated with COVID-19 from several perspectives. Bibliometric analyses are used to undertake a scientific review of the literature. The Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was used to acquire bibliographic information on diabetes related to COVID-19 from Jan 2020 to Dec. 2023. The visual map was built via advanced CiteSpace 6.2.R6. 7,348 papers were found. Khunti Kamlesh and Rizzo-Manfredi are the most well-known high-yield authors in this area, and the top ten authors collaborate extensively. Most of these papers came from universities. Harvard Medical School has the most publications, followed by Wuhan University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology. China and the United States are the countries with the most publications. Angiotensin-converting enzymes, chronic disease, intensive care unit, viral infection, and gestational diabetes mellitus were scored 0-11, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Zhou et al.'s work on this topic, which appeared in the prominent medical journal The Lancet, was cited 1,366 times, highlighting its importance. "clinical characteristics," "diabetes mellitus," "metabolic syndrome," and "angiotensin-converting enzyme" were used as keywords for reference co-citation and clustering data identify. Over the last four years, related investigations have focused primarily on observing clinical aspects. This report is important for developing treatment strategies, directing future research, and guiding clinical practice.}, }
@article {pmid40132275, year = {2025}, author = {Stracci, F and Ferrante, M and Caldarella, A and Francisci, S and Fusco, M and Gatta, G and Serraino, D and Mantovani, W and Mazzucco, W}, title = {Challenges of cancer registration and epidemiology in Italy.}, journal = {Cancer epidemiology}, volume = {96}, number = {}, pages = {102804}, doi = {10.1016/j.canep.2025.102804}, pmid = {40132275}, issn = {1877-783X}, abstract = {We outline the history and role of cancer registration in Italy. Since the '70s, local population-based registries were established, representing up to nowadays a valuable national surveillance network. In this framework, the Italian Association of Cancer Registries (AIRTUM) has been playing a central role, ensuring high data quality standards and supporting cancer registry-based research. Over the years, difficulties for cancer registration arose due to a strict and non-uniform application of data protection rules, to the gap in digitalization of health data primary sources, which feed population-based cancer registries (PBCRs), and, more recently, to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. Indeed, the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy affected not only cancer surveillance but also cancer screening and access to care. Despite the above-mentioned limitations, an unprecedented coverage of cancer surveillance on the Italian population (about 80 %) was reached for the present study, representing a substantial contribution in the perspective of the long-lasting establishment of a national cancer registry. This commentary introduces a series of manuscripts updating the landscape of descriptive cancer epidemiology, highlighting at the same time the challenges of cancer registration, in Italy.}, }
@article {pmid40132079, year = {2025}, author = {Sharma, K and Syeda, S and Shah, SM and Kori, SA and Shetty, P and Kazi, S and Khaiterpal, A and Choudhary, A and Pathak, S and Ahmed, S}, title = {Overcoming barriers to medical countermeasures: Strengthening global biosecurity.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {2483043}, pmid = {40132079}, issn = {2164-554X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Developing Countries ; *Global Health ; Medical Countermeasures ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Health Services Accessibility ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic revealed global disparities in accessing medical countermeasures, as high-income countries prioritised their own interests while disregarding low- and middle-income countries. Despite global efforts to ensure an equitable pandemic response, these initiatives largely failed to achieve their objectives for LMICs due to systemic inequalities. This review critically examines these disparities, identifying that excessive stockpiling by HICs, fragmented international coordination, inadequate research and manufacturing capacity, restricted access to emergency research funding, intellectual property constraints, unequal participation in clinical trials, and inadequate regulatory harmonisation collectively hinder LMICs ability to respond effectively. By analysing diverse case scenarios and global response strategies, all plausible key shortcomings that contributed to the failure of coordinated pandemic preparedness were highlighted. Based on these insights, actionable strategies are proposed to address these gaps in LMICs so as to ensure affordability, accessibility, and equitable distribution of vaccines, diagnostics, and biotherapeutics in future public health emergencies, strengthening global biosecurity.}, }
@article {pmid40132018, year = {2025}, author = {Kodani, Y and Nagami, S and Yokozeki, A and Fukunaga, S and Nakamura, K and Nakamura, H}, title = {Current status of Tele-speech language therapy by type and support for patients with post-stroke aphasia: A scoping review.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, pages = {e0319805}, pmid = {40132018}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *Aphasia/etiology/therapy ; *Language Therapy/methods ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Telemedicine ; *Speech Therapy/methods ; *Stroke/complications/therapy ; Stroke Rehabilitation/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to classify and analyze trends in the assessment and training methods used in telepractice speech-language therapy (Tele-SLT) for people with aphasia (PWA), according to the type of Tele-SLT (synchronous, asynchronous, or combined). This study particularly aimed to identify gaps that prevent the establishment of Tele-SLT, a field that has gained significant attention post-COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>DESIGN: A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines.<br><br>SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Included were research articles on Tele-SLT for individuals aged 18 years or older diagnosed with post-stroke aphasia. Articles in both English and Japanese were reviewed, using five online databases (Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, and ICHUSHI Web).<br><br>METHODS: Studies involving Tele-SLT were categorized by support methods, content, study design, and outcomes. The quality of the extracted studies was also assessed. We also assessed the quality of the selected studies and performed a meta-analysis of some of the results.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the initial 1,484 articles, 35 met the eligibility criteria. Regarding Tele-SLT support methods, 3 articles (8.57%) focused on assessment methods, while 32 (91.43%) focused on training methods. Fourteen articles (40.00%) employed synchronous Tele-SLT delivery, 20 (57.14%) employed asynchronous delivery, and 1 (2.86%) employed a combined approach. The methodological quality of 27 (77.14%) of the included Tele-SLT articles was rated as 'Low'. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on Tele-SLT demonstrated that asynchronous training was effective for language function.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights the need for more research, particularly on remote assessment and synchronous training methods, in Tele-SLT for PWA. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the need for improved research methodologies in this area. To provide high-quality support for PWA who have faced challenges accessing in-person speech-language therapy since the COVID-19 pandemic, further research and development of Tele-SLT implementation guidelines are needed.}, }
@article {pmid40131188, year = {2025}, author = {Mairi, A and Hamza, L and Touati, A}, title = {Artificial intelligence and its application in clinical microbiology.}, journal = {Expert review of anti-infective therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-22}, doi = {10.1080/14787210.2025.2484284}, pmid = {40131188}, issn = {1744-8336}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Traditional microbiological diagnostics face challenges in pathogen identification speed and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) evaluation. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers transformative solutions, necessitating a comprehensive review of its applications, advancements, and integration challenges in clinical microbiology.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: This review examines AI-driven methodologies, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), for enhancing pathogen detection, AMR prediction, and diagnostic imaging. Applications in virology (e.g. COVID-19 RT-PCR optimization), parasitology (e.g. malaria detection), and bacteriology (e.g. automated colony counting) are analyzed. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2018-2024), prioritizing peer-reviewed studies on AI's diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency, and clinical validation.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: AI significantly improves diagnostic precision and operational efficiency but requires robust validation to address data heterogeneity, model interpretability, and ethical concerns. Future success hinges on interdisciplinary collaboration to develop standardized, equitable AI tools tailored for global healthcare settings. Advancing explainable AI and federated learning frameworks will be critical for bridging current implementation gaps and maximizing AI's potential in combating infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40130784, year = {2025}, author = {Ivers, N and Yogasingam, S and Lacroix, M and Brown, KA and Antony, J and Soobiah, C and Simeoni, M and Willis, TA and Crawshaw, J and Antonopoulou, V and Meyer, C and Solbak, NM and Murray, BJ and Butler, EA and Lepage, S and Giltenane, M and Carter, MD and Fontaine, G and Sykes, M and Halasy, M and Bazazo, A and Seaton, S and Canavan, T and Alderson, S and Reis, C and Linklater, S and Lalor, A and Fletcher, A and Gearon, E and Jenkins, H and Wallis, JA and Grobler, L and Beccaria, L and Cyril, S and Rozbroj, T and Han, JX and Xu, AX and Wu, K and Rouleau, G and Shah, M and Konnyu, K and Colquhoun, H and Presseau, J and O'Connor, D and Lorencatto, F and Grimshaw, JM}, title = {Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice.}, journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {CD000259}, pmid = {40130784}, issn = {1469-493X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Professional Practice/standards ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Feedback ; Medical Audit ; Bias ; Health Personnel ; Formative Feedback ; Quality Improvement ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Audit and feedback (A&amp;F) is a widely used strategy to improve professional practice. This is supported by prior Cochrane reviews and behavioural theories describing how healthcare professionals are prompted to modify their practice when given data showing that their clinical practice is inconsistent with a desirable target. Yet there remains uncertainty regarding the effects of A&amp;F on improving healthcare practice and the characteristics of A&amp;F that lead to a greater impact.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of A&amp;F on the practice of healthcare professionals and to examine factors that may explain variation in the effectiveness of A&amp;F.<br><br>SEARCH METHODS: With the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) group information scientist, we updated our search strategy to include studies published from 2010 to June 2020. Search updates were performed on 28 February 2019 and 11 June 2020. We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), the Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov (all dates to June 2020), WHO ICTRP (all dates to February Week 3 2019, no information available in 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic). An updated search and duplicate screen was completed on February 14, 2022; studies that met inclusion criteria are included in the 'Studies awaiting classification' section.<br><br>SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials, including cluster-trials and cross-over and factorial designs, featuring A&amp;F (defined as measurement of clinical performance over a specified period of time (audit) and provision of the resulting data to clinicians or clinical teams (feedback)) in any trial arm that reported objectively measured health professional practice outcomes.<br><br>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: For this updated review, we re-extracted data for each study arm, including theory-informed variables regarding how the A&amp;F was conducted and behaviour change techniques for each intervention, as well as study-level characteristics including risk of bias. For each study, we extracted outcome data for every healthcare professional practice targeted by A&amp;F. All data were extracted by a minimum of two independent review authors. For studies with dichotomous outcomes that included arms with and without A&amp;F, we calculated risk differences (RDs) (absolute difference between arms in proportion of desired practice completed) and also odds ratios (ORs). We synthesised the median RDs and interquartile ranges (IQRs) across all trials. We then conducted meta-analyses, accounting for multiple outcomes from a given study and weighted by effective sample size, using reported (or imputed, when necessary) intra-cluster correlation coefficients. Next, we explored the role of baseline performance, co-interventions, targeted behaviour, and study design factors on the estimated effects of A&amp;F. Finally, we conducted exploratory meta-regressions to test preselected variables that might be associated with A&amp;F effect size: characteristics of the audit (number of indicators, aggregation of data); delivery of the feedback (multi-modal format, local champion, nature of comparator, repeated delivery); and components supporting action (facilitation, provision of specific plans for improvement, co-development of action plans).<br><br>MAIN RESULTS: We included 292 studies with 678 arms; 133 (46%) had a low risk of bias, 41 (14%) unclear, and 113 (39%) had a high risk of bias. There were 26 (9%) studies conducted in low- or middle-income countries. In most studies (237, 81%), the recipients of A&amp;F were physicians. Professional practices most commonly targeted in the studies were prescribing (138 studies, 47%) and test-ordering (103 studies, 35%). Most studies featured multifaceted interventions: the most common co-interventions were clinician education (377 study arms, 56%) and reminders (100 study arms, 15%). Forty-eight unique behaviour change techniques were identified within the study arms (mean 5.2, standard deviation 2.8, range 1 to 29). Synthesis of 558 dichotomous outcomes measuring professional practices from 177 studies testing A&amp;F versus control revealed a median absolute improvement in desired practice of 2.7%, with an IQR of 0.0 to 8.6. Meta-analyses of these studies, accounting for multiple outcomes from the same study and weighting by effective sample size accounting for clustering, found a mean absolute increase in desired practice of 6.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.1 to 8.2; moderate-certainty evidence) and an OR of 1.47 (95% CI 1.31 to 1.64; moderate-certainty evidence). Effects were similar for pre-planned subgroup analyses focused on prescribing and test-ordering outcomes. Lower baseline performance and increased number of co-interventions were both associated with larger intervention effects. Meta-regressions comparing the presence versus absence of specific A&amp;F components to explore heterogeneity, accounting for baseline performance and number of co-interventions, suggested that A&amp;F effects were greater with individual-recipient-level data rather than team-level data, comparing performance to top-peers or a benchmark, involving a local champion with whom the recipient had a relationship, using interactive modalities rather than just didactic or just written format, and with facilitation to support engagement, and action plans to improve performance. The meta-regressions did not find significant effects with the number of indicators in the audit, comparison to average performance of all peers, or co-development of action plans. Contrary to expectations, repeated delivery was associated with lower effect size. Direct comparisons from head-to-head trials support the use of peer-comparisons versus no comparison at all and the use of design elements in feedback that facilitate the identification and action of high-priority clinical items.<br><br>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: A&amp;F can be effective in improving professional practice, but effects vary in size. A&amp;F is most often delivered along with co-interventions which can contribute additive effects. A&amp;F may be most effective when designed to help recipients prioritise and take action on high-priority clinical issues and with the following characteristics: 1. targets important performance metrics where health professionals have substantial room for improvement (audit); 2. measures the individual recipient's practice, rather than their team or organisation (audit); 3. involves a local champion with an existing relationship with the recipient (feedback); 4. includes multiple, interactive modalities such as verbal and written (feedback); 5. compares performance to top peers or a benchmark (feedback); 6. facilitates engagement with the feedback (action); 7. features an actionable plan with specific advice for improvement (action). These conclusions require further confirmatory research; future research should focus on discerning ways to optimise the effectiveness of A&amp;F interventions.}, }
@article {pmid40130347, year = {2025}, author = {Merlo, A and Hendriksen, PA and Severeijns, NR and Garssen, J and Bruce, G and Verster, JC}, title = {Alcohol Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Review.}, journal = {Human psychopharmacology}, volume = {40}, number = {2}, pages = {e70004}, pmid = {40130347}, issn = {1099-1077}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ; Female ; Mental Health ; Sex Factors ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on individuals' alcohol consumption.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed was searched to identify relevant studies. Articles were included if they provided information on overall (changes in) alcohol consumption, and factors that may influence alcohol consumption including demographics, socioeconomic status, educational background, living situation, and health status. Following screening, 100 articles were identified and included in this review.<br><br>RESULTS: Overall findings show no change (51%) or a reduction (23%) in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, across countries, on average 1 in 4 individuals reported an increase in alcohol consumption (26%), in particular during the COVID-19 lockdown periods. Most common correlates of increased alcohol consumption were being female, having a child at home, higher educational level, and poorer mental health (including higher scores for stress, anxiety and depression).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Although overall alcohol consumption was reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, a considerable subpopulation of drinkers increased their alcohol consumption.}, }
@article {pmid40129992, year = {2025}, author = {Sheikh, AH and Hamid, S and Lone, BA and Muzaffar, F and Hussain, M}, title = {Migration and Women's Health Research (2000-2023): A bibliometric analysis of trends and gaps.}, journal = {Dialogues in health}, volume = {6}, number = {}, pages = {100210}, pmid = {40129992}, issn = {2772-6533}, abstract = {This bibliometric study examines the scholarly landscape of migration and women's health, analyzing 1314 Scopus-indexed articles from 462 journals published between 2000 and 2023. Findings indicate a consistent increase in research output, reflecting growing global interest in this interdisciplinary field. Geographically, high-income countries (HICs), including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia, dominate contributions, while low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain underrepresented despite hosting significant migrant populations. International collaborations play a crucial role, with key institutions such as the University of California and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine shaping research efforts. The keyword co-occurrence analysis highlights migration, gender dynamics, mental health, and reproductive health as dominant themes. Persistent gaps in mental and reproductive healthcare access for migrant women emphasize the need for trauma-informed care (TIC), mobile bilingual healthcare services, and inclusive health policies. Disparities in research funding further exacerbate global health inequities, underscoring the necessity of equitable redistribution of resources, including redirecting at least 10 % of HIC research grants to LMIC-led studies. The COVID-19 pandemic magnified pre-existing vulnerabilities, stressing the importance of multilateral collaborations and sustainable policy interventions to enhance migrant healthcare access. This study provides valuable insights into research trends, collaboration networks, and thematic focus areas, offering a foundation for future interdisciplinary research and evidence-based policymaking aimed at promoting health equity for migrant women globally.}, }
@article {pmid40128890, year = {2025}, author = {Zheng, H and Qiu, C and Tian, H and Zhu, X and Yin, B and Zhou, Z and Li, X and Zhao, J}, title = {Host restriction factors against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: a mini-review.}, journal = {Veterinary research}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {67}, pmid = {40128890}, issn = {1297-9716}, support = {2021BK04//Doctoral Research Foundation Project of Xianyang Vocational and Technical College/ ; }, mesh = {*Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/physiology ; Animals ; Swine ; *Swine Diseases/virology/immunology ; *Coronavirus Infections/veterinary/virology/immunology ; }, abstract = {Porcine epidemic diarrhea is an acute contagious disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which severely constrains the development of the global swine industry. Host restriction factors constitute a vital defensive barrier against viral infections, typically interacting with viruses at specific stages of their replication process to disrupt it. Considering that traditional PEDV vaccines often struggle to effectively activate mucosal immunity in sows and thereby fail to provide reliable passive immunity to piglets via milk, this review focuses on the host restriction factors that play crucial roles in restricting PEDV infection and replication. The aim is to identify potential targets for the development of anti-PEDV drugs and offer insights for the exploration of novel vaccine adjuvants.}, }
@article {pmid40128446, year = {2025}, author = {Ma, S and Osburn, WO and Manabe, YC}, title = {Increasing Access To Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing: The Promise of Point-of-Care and Over-the-Counter Tests.}, journal = {Current HIV/AIDS reports}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {27}, pmid = {40128446}, issn = {1548-3576}, support = {U54EB007958-17//National Institutes of Health, United States/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis ; *Point-of-Care Testing ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Health Services Accessibility ; Point-of-Care Systems ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; Self-Testing ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Rapid, simple, inexpensive tests that can be used to detect sexually transmitted infections (STI) in symptomatic patients and for asymptomatic screening, especially in women, is a global critical unmet need in all income settings. We sought to review the STI diagnostic unmet need and current landscape of diagnostic tests that are either approved or in development.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Diagnostic certainty will be required to decrease the global burden of STI's particularly in low-resource settings where empiric algorithmic care predominates. Lateral flow assays for syphilis and HIV have been successfully used in low- and middle-income countries. Although the performance of reference lab nucleic acid amplification tests is excellent for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, such tests remain expensive and globally unavailable due to lack of existing clinical lab infrastructure. Importantly, diagnostic innovations from the COVID-19 pandemic are being leveraged for developing molecular STI point-of-care tests and over-the-counter (OTC) self-tests. In the US and other high-income countries, point-of-care testing of both symptomatic and asymptomatic people would allow for a definitive STI diagnosis, appropriate treatment within a clinical encounter, and decreased antibiotic overuse, a significant global public health problem. Most exciting is the possibility for rapid, high performance self-tests. Inexpensive and rapid STI self-test could significantly increase access to STI care and help decrease health inequity.}, }
@article {pmid40127509, year = {2025}, author = {Campos, N and Cortés, ML&#xc1; and Pippo, TA and Rius, J and Fitzgerald, J and Couve, A}, title = {Multiple factors shape technology transfer for the development and manufacture of vaccines in Latin America and the Caribbean.}, journal = {Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization}, volume = {90}, number = {}, pages = {101826}, doi = {10.1016/j.biologicals.2025.101826}, pmid = {40127509}, issn = {1095-8320}, mesh = {Latin America/epidemiology ; Caribbean Region/epidemiology ; Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Technology Transfer ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/supply &amp; distribution ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Vaccine Development/methods ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted significant inequalities in access to medicines and emergency supplies, including vaccines, that persist in Latin America and the Caribbean. From a regional perspective, it is necessary to improve the conditions to ensure more equitable and inclusive access to health technologies, both in normal scenarios and during future biological threats. Technology Transfer emerges as an effective tool to permanently avoid scarcity in global and regional vaccine supplies. Here we describe the global and regional ecosystem of Technology Transfer, its actors, roles, interactions, and evolution through research of publicly available documents and interviews with experts from the region and international institutions. Additionally, we identify and analyze vaccine projects, characterize typologies of projects in the region, suggest an evolution of three temporal phases, reveal lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and identify four drivers that expedite vaccine Technology Transfer in Latin America and the Caribbean. These drivers include (i) strengthening of regulatory capacities for vaccines; (ii) adoption of trade standards; (iii) increasing manufacture capacity, R&amp;D, and human resources; and (iv) consideration of aggregated demand. Finally, we present recommendations to maximize the potential of scientific-technological and vaccine production capacities in Latin American and the Caribbean. They relate to the four drivers, the promotion of complementary industries, data access and availability policies, inter-institutional dialogue and coordination, public health considerations, and future work in areas of information opacity.}, }
@article {pmid40127385, year = {2025}, author = {Heudel, P and Ubelmann, C}, title = {Leveraging Digital Technology to Enhance Mind-Body Approaches in Cancer Treatment.}, journal = {JCO clinical cancer informatics}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {e2400293}, doi = {10.1200/CCI-24-00293}, pmid = {40127385}, issn = {2473-4276}, mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/therapy/psychology ; *Mind-Body Therapies/methods ; Digital Technology/methods ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Quality of Life ; Telemedicine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Stress, Psychological/therapy ; Mindfulness/methods ; Artificial Intelligence ; Mobile Applications ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: Cancer treatment involves significant psychological and emotional challenges. Conventional therapies often diminish quality of life, exacerbating stress, anxiety, and depression. Mind-body practices, such as sophrology, offer complementary solutions to improve well-being. Digital technology has expanded access to these practices, providing personalized tools to manage stress and emotional health remotely.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review examines digital applications in cancer care, focusing on sophrology and other mind-body techniques. Studies evaluating the efficacy of digital platforms and artificial intelligence-driven interventions for stress management, fatigue reduction, and psychological support are analyzed, highlighting their impact on patient outcomes.<br><br>RESULTS: Digital platforms integrating sophrology significantly alleviate cancer-related side effects. The ePAL app reduced pain scores by 30% over 8 weeks, and StressProffen improved fatigue scores by 20% and adherence to stress management (75% v 50% in controls). The PINK! app increased physical activity by 35% and reduced psychological distress by 30% over 12 weeks. During the COVID-19 pandemic, internet-based mindfulness programs reduced anxiety by 18% and depression by 22%. These tools enhance autonomy and promote community support through virtual sessions, reducing isolation.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Digital technology complements traditional cancer treatments, improving patient access, personalization, and adherence. Challenges such as digital literacy, data privacy, and regulatory oversight must be addressed. These tools provide holistic support and foster resilience, enhancing the cancer care continuum.}, }
@article {pmid40126325, year = {2025}, author = {Nyasulu, PS and Tamuzi, JL and Oliveira, RKF and Oliveira, SD and Petrosillo, N and de Jesus Perez, V and Dhillon, N and Butrous, G}, title = {COVID-19 and Parasitic Co-Infection: A Hypothetical Link to Pulmonary Vascular Disease.}, journal = {Infectious disease reports}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40126325}, issn = {2036-7430}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: Before the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era, the global prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was between 0.4 and 1.4 per 100,000 people. The long-term effects of protracted COVID-19 associated with pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) risk factors may increase this prevalence. According to preliminary data, the exact prevalence of early estimates places the prevalence of PVD in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at 22%, although its predictive value remains unknown. PVD caused by COVID-19 co-infections is understudied and underreported, and its future impact is unclear. However, due to COVID-19/co-infection pathophysiological effects on pulmonary vascularization, PVD mortality and morbidity may impose a genuine concern-both now and in the near future. Based on reported studies, this literature review focused on the potential link between COVID-19, parasitic co-infection, and PVD. This review article also highlights hypothetical pathophysiological mechanisms between COVID-19 and parasitic co-infection that could trigger PVD. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) searching peer-reviewed articles, including link between COVID-19, parasitic co-infection, and PVD. Results: This review hypothesized that multiple pathways associated with pathogens such as underlying schistosomiasis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), pulmonary aspergillosis, Wuchereria bancrofti, Clonorchis sinensis, paracoccidioidomycosis, human herpesvirus 8, and scrub typhus coupled with acute or long COVID-19, may increase the burden of PVD and worsen its mortality in the future. Conclusions: Further experimental studies are also needed to determine pathophysiological pathways between PVD and a history of COVID-19/co-infections.}, }
@article {pmid40124821, year = {2025}, author = {Maddukuri, RK and Desimalla, ML and Banavathu, R and Arepalli, SPK}, title = {Ivermectin as a Treatment Modality in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Up-To-Date RCTs.}, journal = {Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive &amp; Social Medicine}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {9-19}, pmid = {40124821}, issn = {0970-0218}, abstract = {The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy and safety of Ivermectin compared to placebo or standard of care for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 disease. Literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and google scholar. Clinical trial registries (clinical trail.gov) and preprint servers (Medrxiv) were also searched for registered and preprint data respectively. Mortality, Clinical recovery, Clinical worsening, duration of hospital stay, and adverse events were considered as primary outcomes while viral clearance is considered as a secondary outcome. Revised Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Random effect meta-analysis was carried out for all the outcomes. GRADE was used to rate the certainty of evidence. A total of 19 RCTs with 1111 patients were included in the analysis. Ivermectin use did was not associated with a reduction in the incidence of mortality, duration of hospitalization, clinical worsening, and incidence of adverse events nor it was associated with an increase in clinical improvement compared to either placebo or standard of care. Ivermectin also did not show any reduction in viral clearance compared to both placebo or standard of care and this was associated with substantial inconsistency. The overall certainty of the evidence was very low to low. Based on the very low to low certainty of the evidence, we consider Ivermectin ineffective in the management of COVID-19 disease, both as treatment and prophylaxis.}, }
@article {pmid40124079, year = {2025}, author = {Bansal, A and Bulwer, B and von Krüchten, R and Singh, J and Rehan, R and Doost, A}, title = {Role of Ultrasound-Based Therapies in Cardiovascular Diseases.}, journal = {Structural heart : the journal of the Heart Team}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, pages = {100349}, pmid = {40124079}, issn = {2474-8714}, abstract = {Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, placing an immense burden on health care costs worldwide. The emergence of therapeutic ultrasound-based therapies in the CVD management represents a promising innovative strategy beyond current established approaches. This paper explores three distinct modalities of ultrasound-based therapies-high-intensity focused ultrasound, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound-each characterized by unique acoustic parameters and mechanisms of action tailored to specific therapeutic outcomes. High-intensity focused ultrasound was shown to be beneficial as an adjunct in the treatment of myocardial infarction and arrhythmias. It has also been investigated for the in vivo treatment of resistant hypertension, symptomatic aortic valve stenosis, arterial stenosis, tumors, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and external cardiac pacing. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy was shown to be beneficial in the treatment of chronic refractory angina pectoris, while low-intensity pulsed ultrasound was shown to be beneficial in dissolving blood clots and improving blood flow in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism, despite its association with an increased risk of bleeding. Ultrasound-based therapies are, therefore, a potential adjunct and comparatively safe adjuncts for managing challenging CVD cases. Further investigations are essential to validate their long-term effectiveness and safety, particularly for high-risk individuals susceptible to postprocedural complications.}, }
@article {pmid40123846, year = {2025}, author = {Gigas, E and O'Neel, N and Coombs, LA and Conklin, J and Wilmoth, MC and Zou, B and Schmidt, P and Khairat, S}, title = {Place-Based Disparities Among Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review.}, journal = {Health equity}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {73-86}, pmid = {40123846}, issn = {2473-1242}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Disasters have disproportionately impacted nursing home (NH) residents. COVID-19 impacted NH more so than the community-dwelling population, but there was much variation in mortality rates among NH residents. These disparities have been studied, but place-based disparities have received less attention. Place-based disparities are differences in health due to physical location, including factors like rurality, local socioeconomic conditions, and the physical environment.<br><br>METHODS: We searched three databases for peer-reviewed studies of place-based factors associated with mortality in U.S. NHs during the COVID-19 pandemic, ending in January 2024. Data were organized using the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 27 articles that included individual, interpersonal, community, and societal place-based factors associated with mortality during the pandemic. Differences in mortality were related to local community socioeconomic factors, staff neighborhood socioeconomic factors, urbanity, community viral spread, and state-level factors, including political leaning and social distancing policies. Rurality was associated with lower mortality but was also associated with racial disparities.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Place-based disparities at the individual, organizational, community, and societal levels were identified. Rurality and local COVID-19 spread were the most commonly studied place-based factors associated with NH deaths during the pandemic. Neighborhood factors may be most impactful through the impact on NH staff. Racial disparities were linked with location, highlighting the effects of historical systemic racism on NHs. Policies to protect NH residents during disasters must be sensitive to local characteristics.}, }
@article {pmid40122540, year = {2025}, author = {McDowell, CP and Tyner, B and Shrestha, S and McManus, L and Comaskey, F and Harrington, P and Walsh, KA and O'Neill, M and Ryan, M}, title = {Effectiveness and tolerance of exercise interventions for long COVID: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {e082441}, pmid = {40122540}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/therapy ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of exercise interventions to improve long COVID symptoms and the tolerance of exercise interventions among people with long COVID.<br><br>DESIGN: Systematic review.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: Medline via EBSCOhost, Embase via OVID and CENTRAL via the Cochrane Library up to 28 February 2023.<br><br>Inclusion criteria were: (1) participants with long COVID, as defined by study authors; (2) random assignment to either an exercise intervention or a comparison group and (3) a quantitative measure of at least 1 of the 12 core long COVID outcomes. Exclusion criteria were: (1) signs or symptoms not reasonably attributable to prior SARS-CoV-2 infection; (2) pre-exposure or postexposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 or the prevention of long COVID symptoms and (3) interventions where the primary exercise component is breathing or respiratory muscle training.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently extracted data, and studies were narratively synthesised.<br><br>RESULTS: Eight studies were included. Follow-up periods ranged from 2 to 28 weeks (mean=8.5 weeks). Sample sizes ranged from 39 to 119 (mean=56). All studies were in adults (mean age=49.9 years) and both sexes (mean female proportion=53.9%). Four studies were at low risk of bias, two were unclear and two were high. The evidence suggests that exercise interventions lead to short-term improvements in dyspnoea, fatigue, physical function and the physical domain of quality of life among people with long COVID. Of the five studies that reported adverse events, rates were low and, when reported, mild. Of the seven studies that reported sufficient relevant information, 1 of 252 participants who received exercise discontinued the intervention due to tolerance-related issues.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Available evidence suggests that exercise interventions may be beneficial and tolerable among some people with long COVID. However, the evidence base consists of a limited number of studies with small sample sizes and short follow-up periods.}, }
@article {pmid40121940, year = {2025}, author = {de Jager, VD and Giacomini, P and Fairley, JA and Toledo, RA and Patton, SJ and Joosse, SA and Koch, C and Deans, ZC and ,  and Pantel, K and Heitzer, E and Schuuring, E}, title = {Reporting of molecular test results from cell-free DNA analyses: expert consensus recommendations from the 2023 European Liquid Biopsy Society ctDNA Workshop.}, journal = {EBioMedicine}, volume = {114}, number = {}, pages = {105636}, pmid = {40121940}, issn = {2352-3964}, mesh = {Humans ; Liquid Biopsy/standards/methods ; *Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics/blood ; *Biomarkers, Tumor ; *Neoplasms/diagnosis/genetics/blood ; Europe ; Consensus ; *Cell-Free Nucleic Acids ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; }, abstract = {The implementation of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the diagnostic routine may enable non-invasive predictive biomarker testing and treatment optimization in patients who lack a suitable tumor specimen, have failed previous molecular analysis or are clinically ineligible for (re-)biopsy procedures. As the interpretation and reporting are more complex for ctDNA than conventional tissue-based NGS, there is a need for specific guidelines. These will offer support for the reporting of ctDNA test results and will facilitate optimal communication of liquid biopsy findings between diagnostic laboratories and the medical oncology team. Aiming to generate guidelines based on real-world experiences and broad perspectives, we organized a European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS) ctDNA workshop, in which forty-four experts and key stakeholders from different molecular diagnostics laboratories, oncology and pathology departments, as well as an IVDR specialist, convened to address significant challenges associated with the reporting of liquid biopsy test results. This report delineates the resulting consensus recommendations for ctDNA test reporting with underlying rationale and background information.}, }
@article {pmid40120619, year = {2025}, author = {Zabalza, A and Thompson, A and Rotstein, DL and Bar-Or, A and Montalban, X}, title = {Multiple sclerosis and COVID-19: interactions and unresolved issues.}, journal = {The Lancet. Neurology}, volume = {24}, number = {4}, pages = {361-370}, doi = {10.1016/S1474-4422(25)00006-7}, pmid = {40120619}, issn = {1474-4465}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Multiple Sclerosis/immunology/therapy ; *COVID-19 Vaccines ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {Serious symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 complications are particular concerns for people with multiple sclerosis, especially those receiving immunosuppressants or immunomodulators. Studies have aimed to identify individuals with multiple sclerosis who are at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, to analyse the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and multiple sclerosis and to evaluate immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines. The emergence of evolving dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants, a range of available vaccines, and novel therapeutic approaches requires that clinical neurologists be regularly updated with the latest information. Unresolved issues include optimisation of vaccination strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy and the management of patients who do not show seroconversion post vaccination. Tailored vaccination has the potential to improve patient care, and future studies should focus on evaluating novel therapies and preventive measures while constantly updating our knowledge of potential SARS-CoV-2 variants, in preparation for future outbreaks or pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid40120290, year = {2025}, author = {Adil, O and Shamsi, MH}, title = {Transformative biomedical devices to overcome biomatrix effects.}, journal = {Biosensors &amp; bioelectronics}, volume = {279}, number = {}, pages = {117373}, pmid = {40120290}, issn = {1873-4235}, support = {R15 GM147885/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {*Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation/methods ; Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Artificial Intelligence ; Pandemics ; Equipment Design ; }, abstract = {The emergence of high-performance biomedical devices and sensing technologies highlights the technological advancements in the field. Recently during COVID-19 pandemic, biosensors played an important role in medical diagnostics and disease monitoring. In the past few decades, biosensors have made impressive advances in terms of sensing capability, methodology, and applications, and modern biosensors show higher performance and functionality compared to traditional biosensing platforms. Currently, various biomedical devices are already in the market or on the verge of commercialization, such as disposable paper-based devices, lab-on-a-chip devices, wearable sensors, and artificial intelligence-assisted systems, all contributing to the evolution of digital health. Despite the promising features of detection methods for developing practical biosensors, there are substantial barriers to the commercialization of biomedical devices. An important challenge is the matrix effect in the detection of clinical samples. Although achieving low limit of detection values under controlled laboratory conditions is feasible, maintaining performance in real clinical samples is difficult. Matrix molecules present in these samples can interact with analytes, potentially affecting sensitivity, specificity, and sensor response. Approaches to reduce nonspecific adsorption and cross-reactivity are imperative for improving sensor performance. The detection of diagnostic biomarkers in complex biological matrices often requires laborious sample preparation, which may affect accuracy and precision. In this review, we highlight the recent efforts to detect analytes in real samples, both invasively and noninvasively, and underline technological advancements that mitigate the biomatrix effects. We also discuss commercially available biosensors and technologies promising commercial success, highlighting their potential effect on healthcare and diagnostics.}, }
@article {pmid40120190, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, Y and Amarasiri, M and Oishi, W and Kuwahara, M and Kataoka, Y and Kurita, H and Narita, F and Chen, R and Li, Q and Sano, D}, title = {Aptamer-based biosensors for wastewater surveillance of influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and norovirus: A comprehensive review.}, journal = {Water research}, volume = {279}, number = {}, pages = {123484}, doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2025.123484}, pmid = {40120190}, issn = {1879-2448}, mesh = {*Biosensing Techniques/methods ; *SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; *Norovirus/isolation &amp; purification ; *Wastewater/virology ; Humans ; *Aptamers, Nucleotide ; *Orthomyxoviridae/isolation &amp; purification ; COVID-19 ; *Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; }, abstract = {Wastewater-based epidemiological (WBE) surveillance has emerged as a crucial tool for monitoring infectious diseases within communities. However, its broader application is frequently constrained by the high costs, labor-intensive processes, and extended timeframes required for sample collection, transportation, and processing. Aptamer-based biosensors offer a promising alternative, leveraging the specific binding properties of aptamers to biomolecules for the on-site and rapid quantification of disease biomarkers in wastewater. This review systematically evaluates recent advancements in the application of aptamer-based biosensors for the detection of key pathogens, including influenza viruses, SARS-CoV-2, and norovirus, within wastewater matrices. The discussion encompasses the technical stability and reliability of signal transmission associated with these biosensors, as well as the current challenges faced in real-world implementation. Noteworthy progress has been made in the development of these biosensors for WBE, achieving detection limits as low as femtomolar (fM) levels in buffer and linear dynamic ranges extending up to five orders of magnitude for viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Despite this progress, considerable hurdles remain to be addressed before these technologies can be effectively deployed in practical settings, especially within complex wastewater environments. Key factors affecting detection performance include matrix interference, environmental variability, and the diminished stability of both viral targets and aptamer-target interactions in wastewater. This review not only highlights these challenges but also outlines potential avenues for future research aimed at enhancing the functionality and applicability of aptamer-based biosensors in WBE, ultimately contributing to more effective public health surveillance and disease monitoring strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40120171, year = {2025}, author = {Das Sarma, J}, title = {Murine β-coronavirus spike protein: A major determinant of neuropathogenic properties.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {606}, number = {}, pages = {110499}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110499}, pmid = {40120171}, issn = {1096-0341}, mesh = {Animals ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism/genetics ; *Murine hepatitis virus/physiology/genetics ; Mice ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics/physiology ; COVID-19/virology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; }, abstract = {Coronaviruses have emerged as a significant challenge to human health. While earlier outbreaks of coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV posed serious threats, the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has heightened interest in coronavirus research due to its pulmonary pathology, in addition to its neurological manifestations. In addition, the patients who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection show long-term symptoms such as anosmia, brain fog and long COVID. A major hurdle in studying these viruses is the limited availability of specialized research facilities, emphasizing the need for prototype virus-based models to investigate the pathophysiology. The mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a member of the β-coronavirus family, serves as an excellent model to unravel the mechanisms underlying virus-induced pathogenesis. This review highlights two decades of research efforts aimed at understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of coronavirus-induced diseases, focusing on the development of targeted recombinant strains to identify the minimal essential motif of the spike protein responsible for fusogenicity and neuropathogenicity. By synthesizing findings from these studies, the review identifies the most promising therapeutic targets against coronaviruses, paving the way for the development of pan-coronavirus antivirals.}, }
@article {pmid40120088, year = {2025}, author = {Sahli, W and Vitte, J and Desnues, B}, title = {Eosinophils and COVID-19: Insights into immune complexity and vaccine safety.}, journal = {Clinical and translational allergy}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {e70050}, pmid = {40120088}, issn = {2045-7022}, support = {10-IAHU-03//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; //Minist&#xe8;re de l'Enseignement Sup&#xe9;rieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation/ ; //Minist&#xe8;re des Solidarit&#xe9;s et de la Sant&#xe9;/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 exhibits a variety of symptoms and may lead to multi-organ failure and death. This clinical complexity is exacerbated by significant immune dysregulation affecting nearly all cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Granulocytes, including eosinophils, are affected by SARS-CoV-2.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: Eosinophil responses remain poorly understood despite early recognition of eosinopenia as a hallmark feature of COVID-19 severity.<br><br>RESULTS: The heterogeneous nature of eosinophil responses categorizes them as dual-function cells with contradictory effects. Eosinophil activation can suppress virus-induced inflammation by releasing type 2 cytokines like IL-13 and granular proteins with antiviral action such as eosinophil-derived neurotoxins and eosinophil cationic protein, and also by acting as antigen-presenting cells. In contrast, eosinophil accumulation in the lungs can induce tissue damage triggered by cytokines or hormones like IFN-&#x3b3; and leptin. Additionally, they can affect adaptive immune functions by interacting with T cells through direct formation of membrane complexes or soluble mediator action. Individuals with allergic disorders who have elevated levels of eosinophils in tissues and blood, such as asthma, do not appear to be at an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 following SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine appears to be associated with complications and eosinophilic infiltrate-induced immunopathogenicity, which can be mitigated by corticosteroid, anti-histamines and anti-IL-5 therapy and avoided by modifying adjuvants or excipients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review highlights the importance of eosinophils in COVID-19 and contributes to a better understanding of their role during natural infection and vaccination.}, }
@article {pmid40118074, year = {2025}, author = {Casalino, L and Ramos-Guzmán, CA and Amaro, RE and Simmerling, C and Lodola, A and Mulholland, AJ and Świderek, K and Moliner, V}, title = {A Reflection on the Use of Molecular Simulation to Respond to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Threats.}, journal = {The journal of physical chemistry letters}, volume = {16}, number = {13}, pages = {3249-3263}, pmid = {40118074}, issn = {1948-7185}, mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Humans ; *COVID-19/virology/epidemiology ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/metabolism ; *Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Coronavirus 3C Proteases/chemistry/metabolism/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Molecular simulations play important roles in understanding the lifecycle of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and contribute to the design and development of antiviral agents and diagnostic tests for COVID. Here, we discuss the insights that such simulations have provided and the challenges involved, focusing on the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M[pro]) and the spike glycoprotein. M[pro] is the leading target for antivirals, while the spike glycoprotein is the target for vaccine design. Finally, we reflect on lessons from this pandemic for the simulation community. Data sharing initiatives and collaborations across the international research community contributed to advancing knowledge and should be built on to help in future pandemics and other global challenges such as antimicrobial resistance.}, }
@article {pmid40117745, year = {2025}, author = {Anene, DI and Beltran, M and Tjahjono, B and Schultz, A and McKenzie, M and Stevanovic, S and Bogush, A}, title = {Microplastics and chemical additives from disposable face masks: Environmental, human health and behavioural impacts.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {973}, number = {}, pages = {179079}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179079}, pmid = {40117745}, issn = {1879-1026}, mesh = {Humans ; *Microplastics/analysis ; *Masks ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Environmental Exposure ; }, abstract = {Microplastic (MP) pollution has emerged as a major environmental issue with significant health implications. Synthetic face masks (FMs) have been identified as a substantial source of MPs and chemical additives, posing risks to ecosystems and human health. This systematic literature review examines the environmental and human health risks associated with MPs and chemical additives released from synthetic FMs and explores the behavioural factors influencing these risks. This interdisciplinary perspective is not well-explored in existing literature and offers new insights into the field. Key findings indicate that MPs are present in newly manufactured FMs, likely generated during the non-woven FM production process, with various environmental factors accelerating the release of MPs and additives. While existing studies highlight MP toxicity in aquatic and terrestrial organisms, there is a lack of research addressing the direct MP impact on human health. Workplaces where FMs are used as personal protective equipment may create conditions that promote pollutant release; however, but the literature has predominantly focused on secondary exposure via the food chain, rather than on direct exposure during FM use. Most research centres on the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving a gap in understanding risks for individuals relying on FMs for occupational safety or living in areas with poor air quality. The wide range and concentration of additives reported suggest inadequate regulation in FM production. Future research should focus on evaluating the long-term health impacts of MPs and additives, understanding FM-wearing behaviours to assess exposure levels, conducting cause-and-effect studies to inform policy, and developing sustainable alternatives.}, }
@article {pmid40116032, year = {2025}, author = {Shang, X and Zhang, R and Zheng, J and Luo, Y and Guo, K and Zhou, Q and Guang, X and Zhang, N and Xue, H and Wang, H and Yang, C and Zhang, Z and Zhu, B}, title = {Global meta-analysis of short-term associations between ambient temperature and pathogen-specific respiratory infections, 2004 to 2023.}, journal = {Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin}, volume = {30}, number = {11}, pages = {}, pmid = {40116032}, issn = {1560-7917}, mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/virology ; *Temperature ; Incidence ; Metapneumovirus/isolation &amp; purification ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {BackgroundAmbient temperature may affect respiratory health, while the temperature sensitivity of respiratory infections may be pathogen-dependent.AimsWe sought to explore pathogen-specific associations between ambient temperature and respiratory infections.MethodsWe searched nine databases for a random-effects meta-analysis to pool the relative risk (RR) of respiratory infection by pathogen per 1° C temperature rise, compared to populations unexposed to the same temperature. We conducted pathogen-specific analyses, sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses and meta-regression.ResultsA total of 137 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. The pooled and single-study estimates revealed that the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RR = 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09-0.23), influenza virus (IV) (RR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.27-0.61), human metapneumovirus (RR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.32-0.73), human coronavirus (HCoV) (RR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07-0.61) and SARS-CoV-2 (RR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.35-0.78) decreased per 1° C temperature rise, while that of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) (RR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.46-3.77), human bocavirus (HBoV) (RR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.04-3.32) and MERS-CoV (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.04-1.07) increased. The risk of infection was lower for IVA, IVB, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, while HPIV-3, and HBoV-1 were at increased risk. The risk of Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis (RR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.30-0.69) decreased per 1° C temperature rise, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (RR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03-1.05) and Legionella pneumophila infections (RR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.11-6.53) increased.ConclusionsTemperature sensitivity of respiratory infections can vary with the specific pathogen type and subtype that causes the infection. As the climatic conditions will become warmer, public health policy makers should act to develop pathogen adaptation strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40115751, year = {2025}, author = {Sette-de-Souza, PH and Fernandes Costa, MJ and Dutra Borges, BC}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 proteins show great binding affinity to resin composite monomers and polymerized chains.}, journal = {World journal of experimental medicine}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {94022}, pmid = {40115751}, issn = {2220-315X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Due to saliva and salivary glands are reservoir to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), aerosols and saliva droplets are primary sources of cross-infection and are responsible for the high human-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. However, there is no evidence about how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with oral structures, particularly resin composites.<br><br>AIM: To evaluate the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with monomers present in resin composites using in silico analysis.<br><br>METHODS: Four SARS-CoV-2 proteins [i.e. main protease, 3C-like protease, papain-like protease (PLpro), and glycoprotein spike] were selected along with salivary amylase as the positive control, and their binding affinity with bisphenol-A glycol dimethacrylate, bisphenol-A ethoxylated dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and urethane dimethacrylate was evaluated. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina and visualised in Chimera UCSF 1.14. The best ligand-protein model was identified based on the binding energy (&#x394;G-kcal/moL).<br><br>RESULTS: Values for the binding energies ranged from -3.6 kcal/moL to -7.3 kcal/moL. The 3-monomer chain had the lowest binding energy (i.e. highest affinity) to PLpro and the glycoprotein spike. Non-polymerised monomers and polymerised chains interacted with SARS-CoV-2 proteins via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Those findings suggest an interaction between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and resin composites.<br><br>CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 proteins show affinity to non-polymerised and polymerised resin composite chains.}, }
@article {pmid40115555, year = {2025}, author = {Kumar, P and Sarkar, M and Yurkina, MF and Gnanaraj, R and Martínez, DJG and Pisfil-Farroñay, YA and Chaudhary, L and Agrawal, P and Kaushal, GP and Mbwogge, M and Abhishek, K and Alnaasan, M and Arlettaz, ME and Kozum, R and Júarez M, MF and Panchawagh, S and Reddy, AP and Unnithan, VB and Shukla, R}, title = {Impact of emerging COVID-19 variants on psychosocial health: A systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of family medicine and primary care}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {514-520}, pmid = {40115555}, issn = {2249-4863}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant psychological effects on individuals and communities around the world. Studies have found that the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms increased significantly during the pandemic. The goal of the study is to understand how the emerging new virus variants keep the world in a state of fear and how mental health measures can be implemented and adopted to alleviate anxiety. A broad search for observational studies was carried out in Pubmed, Google Scholar, Clinical Key, and World Medical Library. Studies that reported and/or related the existence of anxiety generated by suffering or not from diseases caused by the new emerging COVID-19 viruses and that for which the full text of the article was accessible were included in the study, while systematic review and meta-analysis and studies in groups were excluded. However, 22 studies were included in the review. The deleterious psychosocial effects were the restructuring of life, establishment of unhealthy habits, emergence of "corona phobia", fear and stigma of being afflicted with the disease and spreading it to loved ones, and lack of contact with others. Increased rates of depression and anxiety were also seen. The circulating variants responsible for these main psychosocial repercussions were Epsilon, Zeta, Eta, Iota, Kappa, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. Social support was found to be protective. There is a critical need for a comprehensive approach addressing not only the physiological well-being of an individual but also their mental well-being to pave the way for a society that is resilient in the face of current as well as future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid40115432, year = {2025}, author = {Rocha, AP and Sanchez, JG}, title = {Development of venous thromboembolism and its impact on hospitalized adults with covid-19: rapid systematic review.}, journal = {Jornal vascular brasileiro}, volume = {24}, number = {}, pages = {e20240073}, pmid = {40115432}, issn = {1677-7301}, abstract = {The association between COVID-19 and coagulation disorders has been discussed since the onset of the pandemic. Four years into the pandemic, it is crucial to organize the findings and evidence accumulated thus far. The objective of this study was to review and synthesize the available scientific evidence regarding the relationship between COVID-19 and development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). A rapid systematic review was conducted by searching two electronic databases, selecting systematic review articles that assessed the association between COVID-19 and development of VTE, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). The studies indicated that hospitalized COVID-19 patients are at greater risk of developing VTE, especially those admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Elevated D-dimer levels and male gender were also associated with increased risks.}, }
@article {pmid40115404, year = {2025}, author = {Pitsilos, C and Papadopoulos, P and Givissis, P and Chalidis, B}, title = {Pulmonary embolism after shoulder surgery: Is it a real threat?.}, journal = {World journal of methodology}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {98343}, pmid = {40115404}, issn = {2222-0682}, abstract = {Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a rare but devastating complication of shoulder surgery. Apart from increased morbidity and mortality rates, it may significantly impair postoperative recovery and functional outcome. Its frequency accounts for up to 5.7% of all shoulder surgery procedures with a higher occurrence in women and patients older than 70 years. It is most commonly associated with thrombophilia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, hypertension, and a history of malignancy. PE usually occurs secondary to upper or lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, in rare cases, the source of the thrombi cannot be determined. Prophylaxis for PE following shoulder surgery remains a topic of debate, and the standard of care does not routinely require prophylactic medication for DVT prophylaxis. Early ambulation and elastic stockings are important preventative measures for DVT of the lower extremity and medical agents such as aspirin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and vitamin K antagonists are indicated for high-risk patients, long-lasting operations, or concomitant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The most common symptoms of PE include chest pain and shortness of breath, but PE can also be asymptomatic in patients with intrinsic tolerance of hypoxia. Patients with DVT may also present with swelling and pain of the respective extremity. The treatment of PE includes inpatient or outpatient anticoagulant therapy if the patient is hemodynamically unstable or stable, respectively. Hemodynamic instability may require transfer to the intensive care unit, and cardiovascular arrest can be implicated in fatal events. An important issue for patients with PE in the postoperative period after shoulder surgery is residual stiffness due to a delay in rehabilitation and a prolonged hospital stay. Early physiotherapy and range-of-motion exercises do not adversely affect the prognosis of PE and are highly recommended to preserve shoulder mobility and function.}, }
@article {pmid40114236, year = {2025}, author = {Lewis, R and Cooper, A and Jarrom, D and Mann, M and Law, RJ and Edwards, D and Carrier, J and Shaw, H and Winfield, T and Spencer, LH and Noyes, J and Morgan, H and Washington, J and Hasler, E and Gal, M and Doe, E and Joseph-Williams, N and Edwards, A}, title = {A bespoke rapid evidence review process engaging stakeholders for supporting evolving and time-sensitive policy and clinical decision-making: reflection and lessons learned from the Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre 2021-2023.}, journal = {Health research policy and systems}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {36}, pmid = {40114236}, issn = {1478-4505}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Stakeholder Participation ; *Clinical Decision-Making ; Wales ; *Health Policy ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Policy Making ; Pandemics ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Time Factors ; Decision Making ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic presented policymakers with time-sensitive decision problems and a rapidly increasing volume of research, not all of which was robust, or relevant to local contexts. A bespoke evidence review process supporting stakeholder engagement was developed as part of the Wales COVID-19 Evidence Centre (WCEC), which could flexibly react to the needs of decision-makers, to address urgent requests within days or months as required.<br><br>AIMS: To describe and appraise the WCEC review process and methods and identify key learning points.<br><br>METHODS: Three types of rapid review products were used, which could accommodate the breadth of decision problems and topics covered. Stakeholder (including public) engagement was integrated from the onset and supported throughout. The methods used were tailored depending on the needs of the decision-maker, type of research question, timeframe, and volume and type of evidence. We appraised the overall process and compared the methods used with the most recent and relevant best practice guidance.<br><br>RESULTS: The remote collaboration between research teams, establishing a clear pathway to impact upfront, and the strong stakeholder involvement embedded in the review process were considered particular strengths. Several key learning points were identified, which focused on: enhancing stakeholders' abilities to identify focused policy-relevant research questions; the collection and storage of review protocols at a central location; tightening quality assurance process regarding study selection, data extraction and quality assessment; adequate reporting of methodological shortcuts and understanding by stakeholders; piloting of an algorithm for assigning study design descriptors, and a single quality assessment tool covering multiple study designs; and incorporate, where appropriate an assessment of the confidence in the overall body of evidence using GRADE or similar framework.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The review process enabled a high volume of questions that were directly relevant to policy and clinical decision making to be addressed in a timely manner using a transparent and tailored approach.}, }
@article {pmid40113659, year = {2025}, author = {Stephan, J and Gehrmann, J and Sinha, M and Stullich, A and Gabel, F and Richter, M}, title = {A Scoping Review of Prevention Classification in Mental Health: Examining the Application of Caplan's and Gordon's Prevention Frameworks (2018-2024).}, journal = {Journal of prevention (2022)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40113659}, issn = {2731-5541}, support = {662S0033X1//Bundesministerium f&#xfc;r Arbeit und Soziales/ ; }, abstract = {Mental health prevention is a global priority owing to the increasing burden of mental disorders exacerbated by global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, economic instability, and armed conflicts. These crises have heightened the need for effective preventive strategies addressing mental health across different life stages and populations. To structure and classify such strategies, Caplan's and Gordon's frameworks have been widely used, with one focusing on disease progression and the other on population risk. Although both frameworks are frequently used in mental health prevention, their application in clinical trials remains unexplored. This review addresses this gap by examining how Caplan's and Gordon's frameworks have been applied in mental health prevention, identifying research gaps, and exploring their potential for their combined application to enhance prevention strategies. A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria and the data were synthesized. The search spanned PubMed, Scopus, APA PsycArticles, and PubPsych, covering peer-reviewed clinical trials, including randomized controlled trials, published between 2018 and 2024 in English or German. Eligible studies classified interventions based on Caplan's framework, which focuses on disease stage (primary, secondary, tertiary), or Gordon's framework, which categorizes prevention by population risk (universal, selective, indicated). Studies had to focus on mental health prevention, include populations relevant to mental health and well-being, and report mental health or well-being outcomes. Of the 40 included studies, six applied Caplan's framework, 30 applied Gordon's framework and three used a modified classification based on Gordon's approach. One study applied both frameworks, highlighting that their complementary use is rare. Studies were conducted in 19 countries, with the highest number from Germany (n = 8), the USA (n = 8), and the Netherlands (n = 6), across four continents (Asia, n = 5; Australia, n = 5; Europe, n = 22; North America, n = 8). Gordon's framework was applied more frequently, particularly in universal (n = 15) and indicated prevention (n = 12), while Caplan's framework was used mainly in primary prevention (n = 4). Depression (n = 25), anxiety (n = 21), stress (n = 8), and general mental health (n = 8) were the most frequently assessed outcomes. The studies targeted diverse populations, including children (n = 7), adolescents (n = 8), children and adolescents (n = 1) parents and their children or adolescents (n = 2), university students (n = 6), working adults (n = 7), older adults (n = 1), and adults without specifying (n = 8). This review highlights the underutilized potential of integrating Caplan's and Gordon's frameworks in mental health interventions. Two application examples illustrate how these frameworks can be combined to structure prevention strategies more effectively. Future research should explore combining these frameworks to enhance prevention strategies and address the emerging global health challenges.}, }
@article {pmid40112854, year = {2025}, author = {Ramos, B and Vadlamudi, NK and Han, C and Sadarangani, M}, title = {Future immunisation strategies to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in children and adults.}, journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00740-0}, pmid = {40112854}, issn = {1474-4457}, abstract = {Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major respiratory pathogen, causing 1·2 million deaths and 197 million pneumonia episodes globally in 2016. The spread of S pneumoniae to sterile sites, such as the blood and brain, leads to invasive pneumococcal disease. The best approach available for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children and, more recently, adults is the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). PCVs are also highly effective at preventing colonisation and, thus, transmission, offering indirect protection to non-target immunisation groups such as adults-a characteristic that has been crucial in their success. However, PCVs only include and protect up to 20 of the 100 serotypes that can cause disease. The rise in adult cases of invasive pneumococcal disease from serotypes included in PCVs suggests indirect protection might be limited. Additionally, non-vaccine serotypes and some vaccine types that persist, some linked to antibiotic resistance, continue to cause disease. Future vaccine strategies include increasing the number of serotypes covered in PCVs for use in children and adults, broader vaccine use in adults, the development of adult-specific conjugate vaccines containing serotypes different from those covered in PCVs used in children, and protein vaccines, all of which will be explored in this Review. These strategies are expected to help mitigate the global burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in future years.}, }
@article {pmid40111960, year = {2025}, author = {Phiri, MM and Dunkley, Y and Di Giacomo, E and Lora, W and Kumwenda, M and Kabonga, I and Isere, E and Bimba, J and Sibanda, E and Choko, A and Hatzold, K and Corbett, L and Desmond, N}, title = {Factors influencing uptake of COVID-19 diagnostics in Sub-Saharan Africa: a rapid scoping review.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, pages = {e0305512}, pmid = {40111960}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Testing/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diagnostics are critical for preventing COVID-19 transmission, enabling disease management and engagement with care. However, COVID-19 testing uptake remained low in low- and middle- income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) during the recent pandemic, due to issues of supply, access and acceptability. Early studies conducted outside of the region provide insight into uptake of COVID-19 testing, however there has been no systematic research within the region. The aim of this scoping review is to investigate factors influencing uptake of COVID-19 testing in different settings across SSA.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria was any study employing qualitative or mixed methodologies, addressing uptake of COVID-19 testing conducted in SSA. MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Africa-Wide Information were searched. Thematic content analysis was conducted across all included articles until saturation was attained.<br><br>RESULTS: In total 2994 articles were identified and fourteen reviewed. Structural, social, epidemiological, informational, and political elements affected how the public interacted with COVID-19 testing. Coverage was limited by insufficient diagnostic capabilities caused by a shortage of laboratory resources and trained personnel. False information spread through social media led to testing misperceptions and apprehension. Testing hesitancy was ascribed to fear of restrictive measures and the possibility of social harms if positive. Facility-based testing was physically inaccessible and perceived as lacking privacy, whereas self-testing distributed by the community removed lengthy distances and prevented stigma. Perceptions that COVID-19 was not severe and low numbers of confirmed cases in comparison to other settings undermined public urgency for testing. Low testing frequency led to low-rate assumptions, which in turn generated denial and othering narratives. Politicians' acceptance or denial of COVID-19 affected the mobilization of the health system, and their model actions-such as testing openly-promoted public confidence and involvement in interventions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review emphasizes the necessity of strong political commitments to enhancing health systems for future pandemic preparedness. Response plans should consider contextual elements that affect how people react to interventions and perceive health emergencies. Community-driven self-testing distribution could enhance the uptake of diagnostics through addressing socio-economic constraints impacting facility-delivered testing.}, }
@article {pmid40111732, year = {2025}, author = {Li, C and Li, L and Li, Z and Li, K and Shi, X and Bao, Y}, title = {Is the Effect of Intensive Antihypertensive Treatment in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Dependent on Hematoma Volume? A Traditional Meta-analysis of the Effect of Antihypertensive Regimens, a Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of the Mortality of Antihypertensive Drugs and Systematic Review.}, journal = {CNS drugs}, volume = {39}, number = {5}, pages = {443-456}, pmid = {40111732}, issn = {1179-1934}, support = {2020-MS-155//Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage ; Bayes Theorem ; *Cerebral Hemorrhage/drug therapy/mortality ; *Hematoma/drug therapy/pathology/mortality ; }, abstract = {UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intensive or conventional antihypertensive treatment for acute intracerebral hemorrhage is still controversial. This study aimed to compare those antihypertensive regimens and analyze the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs.<br><br>METHODS: Retrieval was conducted through four databases. Meta-analysis and Bayesian network meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the safety of antihypertensive treatments and the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 9271 patients were included. Intensive strategy showed an advantage in 24-h hematoma enlargement (relative risk, RR = 0.76; 95% confidence intervals, CI = 0.67-0.87; P < 0.0001) and 90-day intracranial rebleeding (RR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.52-0.96, P = 0.03) compared with conventional strategy. Meanwhile, the 90-day renal insufficiency (RR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.05-5.05, P = 0.04) and renal failure (RR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.20-4.86, P = 0.01) were increased. When cerebral hematoma volume was less than 15 ml, intensive strategy had a protective effect on 24-h hematoma enlargement (RR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.67-0.89, P = 0.0003), but it increased 90-day renal failure (RR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.07-5.04, P = 0.03). For the volume greater than 15 ml, it enhanced 90-day functional independence (RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.65-0.94, P = 0.01) and decreased intracranial rebleeding (RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.49-0.94, P = 0.02). Labetalol was the best, with the mortality risk probability of 0.09 and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve of 0.33.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that for intracerebral hematoma volume greater than 15 ml, intensive antihypertensive treatment can improve functional independence and reduce intracranial bleeding. Labetalol has the best effect among the four antihypertensive regimens studied.}, }
@article {pmid40110742, year = {2025}, author = {Dutta, S and Chatterjee, N and Gallina, NLF and Kar, S and Koley, H and Nanda, PK and Biswas, O and Das, AK and Biswas, S and Bhunia, AK and Dhar, P}, title = {Diet, microbiome, and probiotics establish a crucial link in vaccine efficacy.}, journal = {Critical reviews in microbiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-26}, doi = {10.1080/1040841X.2025.2480230}, pmid = {40110742}, issn = {1549-7828}, abstract = {Vaccination plays a critical role in public health by reducing the incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases. The efficacy of a vaccine has numerous determinants, which include age, sex, genetics, environment, geographic location, nutritional status, maternal antibodies, and prior exposure to pathogens. However, little is known about the role of gut microbiome in vaccine efficacy and how it can be targeted through dietary interventions to improve immunological responses. Unveiling this link is imperative, particularly in the post-pandemic world, considering impaired COVID-19 vaccine response observed in dysbiotic individuals. Therefore, this article aims to comprehensively review how diet and probiotics can modulate gut microbiome composition, which is linked to vaccine efficacy. Dietary fiber and polyphenolic compounds derived from plant-based foods improve gut microbial diversity and vaccine efficacy by promoting the growth of short-chain fatty acids-producing microbes. On the other hand, animal-based foods have mixed effects - whey protein and fish oil promote gut eubiosis and vaccine efficacy. In contrast, lard and red meat have adverse effects. Studies further indicate that probiotic supplements exert varied effects, mostly strain and dosage-specific. Interlinking diet, microbiome, probiotics, and vaccines will reveal opportunities for newer research on diet-induced microbiome-manipulated precision vaccination strategies against infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40110678, year = {2025}, author = {Doherty, TM and Weinberger, B and Didierlaurent, A and Lambert, PH}, title = {Age-related changes in the immune system and challenges for the development of age-specific vaccines.}, journal = {Annals of medicine}, volume = {57}, number = {1}, pages = {2477300}, pmid = {40110678}, issn = {1365-2060}, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunosenescence/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; Aged ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; Aging/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; Adjuvants, Vaccine/administration &amp; dosage ; Vaccine Development/methods ; Immune System/immunology ; Vaccination/methods ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: A better understanding of how the immune system evolves with age and how vaccines work in older people has led to increasing focus on the development of vaccines aimed specifically at older age groups. We discuss strategies used to improve vaccine immunogenicity for older adults, focusing on licensed adjuvants.<br><br>FINDINGS: With age-related immune decline (immunosenescence), older adults face increased vulnerability to infections and severe complications. Immunosenescence affects T-cell and B-cell populations and innate immunity, leading to reduced chemotaxis, cytotoxicity, and altered cytokine production. This contributes to inflammaging-low-grade, chronic inflammation linked to aging. However, immune responses vary due to genetics and life-long exposures, making chronological age an imperfect indicator of immune health. Vaccination remains key to prevention, yet immune dysfunction complicates vaccine efficacy. Strategies to enhance responses in older adults include mRNA vaccines, high-antigen content vaccines, intradermal administration, and adjuvants. mRNA COVID-19 vaccines generated strong immune responses in older adults, though lower than in younger groups. High-antigen content influenza vaccines have shown superior efficacy compared to standard vaccination. Adjuvants offer a well-established approach to boosting vaccine responses by enhancing innate immunity.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Of various strategies used to improve immunogenicity of vaccines for older adults, adjuvants have been the most consistently effective and practical. More recently, mRNA vaccines have also shown great promise.}, }
@article {pmid40110557, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, R and Li, D and Fang, H and Xie, Q and Tang, H and Chen, L}, title = {Iron-dependent mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii: pathogenicity and resistance.}, journal = {JAC-antimicrobial resistance}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {dlaf039}, pmid = {40110557}, issn = {2632-1823}, abstract = {Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that poses a significant challenge in healthcare settings, particularly in ICUs, due to its MDR and high mortality rates, especially among critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Iron is crucial for the survival, growth and pathogenicity of A. baumannii, and the bacterium has developed multiple iron acquisition systems, including siderophore production, haem uptake and TonB-dependent transport mechanisms, to adapt to the iron-limited environment within the host. Although specific studies on A. baumannii are limited, mechanisms from other bacterial species suggest that similar iron acquisition strategies may play a key role in its virulence. Therapeutic approaches targeting these iron-dependent systems, such as the siderophore-conjugated cephalosporin cefiderocol, have shown potential in overcoming MDR A. baumannii infections. Additionally, strategies such as synthetic siderophores, TonB receptor inhibitors and iron chelators are under investigation to enhance treatment outcomes. Future research should prioritize validating these mechanisms in A. baumannii, advancing clinical trials for these therapies and exploring combination treatments to mitigate resistance and improve clinical outcomes in severely affected patients.}, }
@article {pmid40110334, year = {2025}, author = {Obeagu, EI}, title = {The dynamic role of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in monitoring coagulation dysfunction during COVID-19 progression: a review.}, journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)}, volume = {87}, number = {2}, pages = {635-640}, pmid = {40110334}, issn = {2049-0801}, abstract = {COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has led to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, with severe complications often involving coagulation dysfunction and thromboembolic events. Identifying reliable biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of these complications is crucial for improving patient outcomes. The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has emerged as a potential biomarker in this context, given its role in inflammation and immune response. Elevated suPAR levels correlate with disease severity and inflammatory markers, making it a valuable indicator of the complex interplay between inflammation and coagulation observed in COVID-19. Elevated suPAR levels have been linked to an increased risk of thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Combining suPAR measurement with other coagulation markers, such as D-dimer, enhances the predictive accuracy for thrombotic complications. Furthermore, higher suPAR levels are associated with increased disease severity, intensive care requirements, and higher mortality rates, underscoring its significance in risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making. The integration of suPAR measurement into routine clinical practice for COVID-19 could significantly aid in early diagnosis, risk assessment, and monitoring of therapeutic interventions. By providing insights into the patient's inflammatory and coagulation status, suPAR can guide the timely initiation of anticoagulant therapy and other treatments aimed at reducing thromboembolic complications. As research continues to validate suPAR's utility across diverse populations and clinical settings, it holds promise for becoming an integral component of clinical management strategies to mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40109877, year = {2024}, author = {Kaushik, R and Rapaka, R}, title = {A Patient-Centered Perspectives and Future Directions in AI-powered Teledentistry.}, journal = {Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, pages = {e199}, pmid = {40109877}, issn = {2359-7232}, abstract = {This scoping review investigates the integration of AI into teledentistry with a focus on patient-centered perspectives and future directions. Teledentistry has progressed rapidly in the COVID-19 pandemic period, providing remote dental care by means of digital communication technologies.The introduction of AI has made diagnosis more precise, treatment planning more personalized, and processes more efficient and have also made dental services better accessible to the underserved. AI algorithms help in early diagnosis of dental issues, provides customized treatment plans, and improve patient outcomes. Despite the advantages, still many challenges exist. These are ethical concerns, data privacy issues, and regulatory hurdles that prevent widespread adoption. Use of AI in dental settings results in patients having mixed sentiments surrounding trust and data security arising out of fear of having reduced personal interactions with providers. Additionally, AI driven teledentistry is not validated in large scale clinical setting and cost effectiveness assessment which undermines scalability. This review identifies gaps in existing research and provides guidance for how patient-centered applications further facilitate increased transparency, AI education, and cross-disciplinary collaboration among dentists, computer scientists, ethicists, and policymakers. The future research should include clinical validation, economics, and ethical standards to make AI teledentistry use responsible and inclusive. This scoping review equips clinicians and researchers with a roadmap for responsible, patient-centered implementation of AI-enabled teledentistry, offering practical strategies and insights to enhance the quality and accessibility of remote dental care.}, }
@article {pmid40109500, year = {2025}, author = {Kemp, M and Rising, KL and Laynor, G and Miao, J and Worster, B and Chang, AM and Monick, AJ and Guth, A and Esteves Camacho, T and McIntosh, K and Amadio, G and Shughart, L and Hsiao, T and Leader, AE}, title = {Barriers to telehealth uptake and use: a scoping review.}, journal = {JAMIA open}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {ooaf019}, pmid = {40109500}, issn = {2574-2531}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We conducted a scoping review to identify barriers to telehealth use and uptake from the perspective of patient, provider, and system that were documented in the literature. In addition to identifying and categorizing the barriers, we aimed to assess how barriers differed for studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as how barriers differed between the United States vs internationally based studies.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comprehensive searches of the PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus databases conducted on December 29, 2021 yielded 17&#xa0;887 results, with 11&#xa0;221 potentially eligible documents after duplicates were removed. The team conducted an initial title and abstract review, followed by full text review. Data from the included sources were extracted and summarized into primary themes.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 395 articles specifically related to barriers of telehealth use. The top 5 barriers, in order of frequency, were: lack of skills or ability (55%), lack of interest (49%), lack of access to technology (45%), limitations of technology infrastructure (45%), and lack of quality of care (42%). Roughly one-third (39%) of studies were related to the COVID-19 pandemic and 54% were US-based studies. The rank order of barriers between COVID-19 vs non-COVID-19 studies and US vs non-US studies was the same; however, patients in the United States and those using telehealth during COVID-19 were more likely to cite barriers related to the lack of access to technology (COVID&#x2009;=&#x2009;56% vs 38%; United States&#x2009;=&#x2009;51% vs 38%).<br><br>DISCUSSION: Interventions to address barriers need to consider the unique needs of specific populations and the ways in which different barriers may intersect.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review found that barriers to telehealth uptake and use are multilayered and occur at several levels (individual, structural, technological).}, }
@article {pmid40109077, year = {2025}, author = {D'Antonio, G and Bolino, G and Del Prete, S and Pellegrini, L and Berloco, T and Treglia, M and Arcangeli, M}, title = {Telemedical care for maritime workers: health care liability issues related to possible regulatory decoupl.}, journal = {La Clinica terapeutica}, volume = {176}, number = {Suppl 1(2)}, pages = {40-43}, doi = {10.7417/CT.2025.5185}, pmid = {40109077}, issn = {1972-6007}, mesh = {*Telemedicine/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; Humans ; *Liability, Legal ; Italy ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Naval Medicine/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; Ships/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Telemedicine has now spread globally because of the many benefits it offers both to health care facilities and to people living in unfavorable conditions (the elderly, patients with reduced mobility, residents in remote areas, etc.). The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in further impetus for telemedicine application development, to maximize available resources. However, this innovative type of physician/healthcare facility/patient relationship has opened up several questions in relation to various possible assumptions of professional liability. In fact, the medico-legal issues that can arise in scenarios involving equipment, professionals and patients that also belong to different nationalities and, therefore, subject to different regulatory systems are obvious: precisely the regulatory decoupling represents one of the thorniest and most debated issues at the international level on the subject of teleme-dicine. In the maritime sphere, this issue could be further amplified (e.g., telehealth for a patient from one nation, on ships under the flag of a different nationality, within the maritime boundaries of a third nation). In Italy, the use of telemedicine has its roots precisely in the maritime sector back in the early 20th century, when the International Center for Medical Radiocommunications (CIRM) was established. In 2002, CIRM was identified internationally as the Italian Center Responsible for Maritime Telemedical Assistance (TMAS), with the purpose of providing remote health care for passengers on any ship that required it, 24 hours a day, while also being able to suggest their transfer to land. Indeed, since TMAS is a national competence, should professional liability profiles occur, CIRM physicians would be liable under Italian law. Therefore, the example of CIRM as a referral center for telemedicine in the maritime sphere could be a model for reference in other contexts as well: in particular, the identification of telemedicine service delivery centers dependent on the National Health Services (NHS) could allow for the appropriate regulatory contextualization of telemedical malpractice cases, thereby resolving the medico-legal uncertainties that could hinder the dissemination as well as the proper application of telemedicine.}, }
@article {pmid40107222, year = {2025}, author = {Yatera, K and Nishida, C and Mukae, H}, title = {Up-to-date nucleic acid assays for diagnosing respiratory infection.}, journal = {Respiratory investigation}, volume = {63}, number = {3}, pages = {383-393}, doi = {10.1016/j.resinv.2025.03.004}, pmid = {40107222}, issn = {2212-5353}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Point-of-Care Testing ; *COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; }, abstract = {Nucleic acid assays have been widely used as rapid tests for diagnosing respiratory infections during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. An ideal point-of-care diagnostic must be affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid/robust, equipment-free and deliverable (ASSURED), and in addition to improvements to conventional methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), point-of-care testing aiming for "REASSURED" are emerging through integration with microfluidic technology. Compared to conventional immunoassays, nucleic acid assays, especially rapid nucleic acid assays as point-of-care testing, contribute to improvements in various clinical outcomes, such as diagnostic yield, turnaround time, length of hospital stay, disease treatment, and infection control management. Rapid and diverse development of new nucleic acid-based molecular diagnostic technologies, such as those based on the CRISPR/Cas system or biosensor nucleic acid assays, is expected to become increasingly diverse in the future as point-of-care testing. In addition, laboratory-based DNA sequencing technology has been used to perform microbiome analyses over a wide area and is expected to shed light on the pathological mechanisms of various respiratory infectious diseases. One example of the benefits of nucleic acid amplification analysis methods is their ability to reveal the true nature of the bacterial flora in pneumonia lesions. This has been demonstrated based on the results of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing analyses using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid directly obtained from pneumonia lesions in patients with pneumonia.}, }
@article {pmid40106291, year = {2025}, author = {Rupert, J and Groh, T and Allen, R}, title = {The Pretravel Consultation.}, journal = {American family physician}, volume = {111}, number = {3}, pages = {245-253}, pmid = {40106291}, issn = {1532-0650}, mesh = {Humans ; *Travel ; Referral and Consultation ; Malaria/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Travel Medicine/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Patients who will be traveling internationally should be advised to schedule dedicated pretravel assessments with their primary care physicians. The pretravel consultation is a vital opportunity for physicians to review preventive and risk-reduction strategies with travelers. Critical components of the patient interview include travel itinerary, anticipated high-risk activity, and medical history. This information affects subsequent recommendations for immunizations, malaria chemoprophylaxis, personal protective measures, and risk-reduction measures. Physicians should review whether routine and seasonal immunizations, including those for COVID-19 and influenza, are up to date and determine whether location-specific immunizations are warranted. Malaria prophylaxis and counseling on personal protective measures, including minimizing skin exposure and using insect repellant, permethrin-treated clothing, bed nets, and screens, are recommended for travelers visiting endemic areas. A single dose of antibiotics may be considered for self-treatment of traveler's diarrhea without features of dysentery. Travelers with chronic medical conditions, such as diabetes, should carry documentation of medical issues and enough medications and supplies to last for the duration of travel. Activity-specific concerns include sunburn, motor vehicle crashes, water safety, altitude sickness, and risks associated with sexual behaviors.}, }
@article {pmid40106287, year = {2025}, author = {Mulhem, E and Patalinghug, E and Eraqi, H}, title = {Acute Bronchitis: Rapid Evidence Review.}, journal = {American family physician}, volume = {111}, number = {3}, pages = {214-217}, pmid = {40106287}, issn = {1532-0650}, mesh = {Humans ; *Bronchitis/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Acute Disease ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; COVID-19/complications/diagnosis ; Cough/etiology/diagnosis ; }, abstract = {Acute bronchitis is a clinical diagnosis and accounts for more than 3 million outpatient office visits in the United States annually. The differential diagnosis includes exacerbations of preexisting conditions, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure or other causes of acute cough, including pertussis, COVID-19, influenza, and community-acquired pneumonia. Acute cough may present with or without sputum production. Diagnostic testing is not indicated unless there is concern for other potential causes, such as community-acquired pneumonia, influenza, or COVID-19. Acute bronchitis is a self-limiting disease. Evidence does not support the use of antitussives, honey, antihistamines, anticholinergics, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or inhaled or oral corticosteroids. Antibiotics do not contribute to the overall improvement of acute bronchitis; although they may decrease the duration of cough by approximately 0.5 days, their use exposes patients to antibiotic-related adverse effects. Therefore, symptom relief and patient education regarding the expected duration of cough (2-3 weeks) are recommended for the management of acute bronchitis. Strategies shown to decrease antibiotic prescribing include delayed antibiotic prescriptions and describing acute bronchitis as a chest cold.}, }
@article {pmid40104999, year = {2025}, author = {Liu, G and Gonzales, MLAM and Chan, WH and Memon, IA and Alam, A and Lee, H and Wickramasinghe, H and Pham, QT and Dayal, R and Levin, M and Huang, YC and Buttery, J and Ong-Lim, ALT and Kwan, MYW}, title = {Joint consensus on reducing the burden of invasive meningococcal disease in the Asia-Pacific region.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {2477965}, doi = {10.1080/21645515.2025.2477965}, pmid = {40104999}, issn = {2164-554X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Meningococcal Infections/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Asia/epidemiology ; *Meningococcal Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; Consensus ; Immunization Programs ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Vaccination ; Cost of Illness ; Pacific Islands/epidemiology ; Serogroup ; }, abstract = {Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) imposes a heavy burden of mortality and life-long sequelae on infected individuals and has devastating impacts on their family members. International data show that meningococcal vaccination programs have reduced IMD incidence and changed the serogroup distribution of the disease. Furthermore, newer data show that although the public health measures in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic temporarily reduced the incidence of IMD, there has been a resurgence in the years since. In the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region, many countries do not include meningococcal vaccines in their routine vaccination programs, and approaches to IMD surveillance are inconsistent. This review summarizes recent data and consensus statements from a group of experts from selected APAC countries on the burden of IMD in the region, evidence for vaccination, and how barriers to IMD vaccination may be addressed.}, }
@article {pmid40103738, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, J and Jiang, S and Jiang, J and Liu, Y}, title = {Global research landscape on nanotechnology in acute lung injury: a bibliometric analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in digital health}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {1472753}, pmid = {40103738}, issn = {2673-253X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury is a common respiratory emergency that seriously affects the life, health and quality of life of patients, especially after the global COVID-19 pneumonia. The application of nanotechnology in acute lung injury is promising. In response to the knowledge explosion resulting from rapid publication growth, we applied bibliometric analysis to explore the research profile and thematic trends in the field.<br><br>METHODS: Articles and reviews related to nanotechnology in acute lung injury from 2004 to 2023 were searched. Java-based Citespace, VOSviewer, and R software-based Bibiometrix were used to systematically evaluate publications by spatiotemporal distribution, author distribution, subject categories, topic distribution, references, and keywords.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 1,347 publications were included. The number of papers related to nanotechnology in acute lung injury has grown exponentially over the past 20 years. China was the most productive country out of all 53 countries, followed by the United States. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most productive institution with 76 papers. PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY was the most productive journal. The top five high-frequency keywords were inflammation, oxidative stress, toxicity, in vitro, respiratory-distress-syndrome. And the top five emerging keywords were delivery, covid-19, extracellular vesicles, therapy, sars-cov-2. Drug delivery are the focus of current research. Two emerging research areas represented the development trends: novel nanocarriers with higher efficiency and lower biotoxicity, and the other is research related to impact of nanomaterials in the progression of acute lung injury.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The field of nanotechnology in acute lung injury has been in a period of rapid development in the last three years. Delivery,targeted delivery and exosm have been the focus of current research in this field. Two emerging research areas represented the development trends:novel nanocarriers with higher efficiency and lower biotoxicity such as extracellular vesicles, exosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, and the other is research related to impact of nanomaterials in the progression of acute lung injury.}, }
@article {pmid40103640, year = {2025}, author = {Barreda, M and Cantarero-Prieto, D and Coca, D and Delgado, A and Lanza-León, P and Lera, J and Montalbán, R and Pérez, F}, title = {Transforming healthcare with chatbots: Uses and applications-A scoping review.}, journal = {Digital health}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {20552076251319174}, pmid = {40103640}, issn = {2055-2076}, abstract = {PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the demand and use of healthcare resources, prompting the search for efficient solutions under budgetary constraints. In this context, the increasing use of artificial intelligence and telemedicine has emerged as a key strategy to optimize healthcare delivery and resources. Consequently, chatbots have emerged as innovative tools in various healthcare fields, such as mental health and patient monitoring, offering therapeutic conversations and early interventions. This systematic review aims to explore the current state of chatbots in the healthcare sector, meticulously evaluating their effectiveness, practical applications, and potential benefits.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, utilizing three databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, to identify relevant studies on the use and cost of chatbots in health over the past 5 years.<br><br>RESULTS: Several articles were identified through the database search (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;31). The chatbot interventions were categorized by similar types. The reviewed articles highlight the diverse applications of chatbot interventions in healthcare, including mental health support, medical information, appointment management, health education, lifestyle changes, and COVID-19 management, demonstrating significant potential across these areas.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Furthermore, there are challenges regarding the implementation of chatbots, compatibility with other systems, and ethical considerations that may arise in different healthcare settings. Addressing these issues will be essential to maximize the benefits of chatbots, mitigate risks, and ensure equitable access to these health innovations.}, }
@article {pmid40103201, year = {2025}, author = {Sun, W and Innes, K and Yu, S and Collie, A}, title = {Persistent Changes of Nurses' Practices and Working Conditions in High Acuity Settings in the Post-Pandemic Era: A Qualitative Meta-Aggregation.}, journal = {Journal of advanced nursing}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jan.16887}, pmid = {40103201}, issn = {1365-2648}, support = {//Department of Education, Australian Government/ ; //Monash University/ ; }, abstract = {AIMS: To explore the persistent changes in working conditions and nursing practices in high acuity settings in the post COVID-19 pandemic era.<br><br>DESIGN: A qualitative systematic review using the meta-aggregation design of the Joanna Briggs Institute.<br><br>METHODS: After screening by two authors based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 studies were included. Quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Data were then extracted and synthesised. Confidence of findings was assessed using the ConQual approach.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: The electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus were searched in November 2023. Additional searches were conducted using the preprint servers: medRxiv, Open Science Foundation, Social Science Research Network, and Journal of Medical Internet Research.<br><br>RESULTS: Synthesised findings of 'unfavourable working conditions and changed nursing practices' and 'health concerns caused by the nursing practices' with eight categories were identified. Significant findings included increased workloads; overwhelming use and insufficient supply of personal protective equipment; decreased communication between nurses and patients, families, and other healthcare workers; lack of knowledge of the disease; and adequate support from coworkers, but inadequate support from nurse managers and physicians.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study synthesised existing knowledge and offered insight into the nursing practices and working conditions of high acuity nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical nurses and managers need to actively take action on those modifiable aspects of their practices in a future similar crisis. This review did not identify any studies focusing on high acuity nurses' working conditions and practices in the post-pandemic era. This kind of research is urgently needed.<br><br>IMPACT: Nurse managers and policy makers can use the findings of this review to help construct better working conditions for their high-acuity nursing staff in a future similar crisis. Frontline high-acuity clinical staff may use the findings of this review to help better guide their nursing practices and mitigate negative effects of a future similar crisis on their practice and health.<br><br>REPORTING METHOD: The study was reported according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research statement.<br><br>No patient or public contribution.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42023473414.}, }
@article {pmid40102373, year = {2025}, author = {Adewoye, A and Apenteng, B and Kimsey, L and Opoku, S}, title = {A Scoping Review to Explore the Intersection of Immigration-Related Policies and Immigrants' Health Access and Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of immigrant and minority health}, volume = {27}, number = {3}, pages = {501-512}, pmid = {40102373}, issn = {1557-1920}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy ; *Emigrants and Immigrants ; *Emigration and Immigration/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; *Health Services Accessibility/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated existing health inequities in the U.S., disproportionately affecting marginalized groups, particularly immigrants. Structural barriers, institutional inequalities, and exclusion from relief measures may have worsened these communities' health outcomes. Additionally, anti-immigrant rhetoric, restrictive policies, and fear of deportation may have deterred many immigrants from accessing essential services, affecting both their physical and mental health. This scoping review examines immigrant health access, outcomes, and relevant policies during the pandemic using the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Key findings highlight widespread distrust in government, limited healthcare access, and significant adverse mental health challenges among immigrants during the pandemic, which may be worsened by restrictive immigration policies such as revisions to the public charge rule.}, }
@article {pmid40101069, year = {2025}, author = {Hasen, AA and Mohammed, AA and Mohammed, MA and Seid, AA}, title = {Magnitude and associated factors of common mental disorders among pregnant women during COVID-19 in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {104}, number = {11}, pages = {e41842}, pmid = {40101069}, issn = {1536-5964}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; *Anxiety/epidemiology ; *Depression/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology/psychology ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Pregnant People/psychology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pregnant women have multiple psychological distresses and are psychologically fragile. In Ethiopia due to COVID-19 anxiety, depression and stress among pregnant women were increased. This study aimed to provide comprehensive data on the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders during COVID-19 in Ethiopia.<br><br>METHODS: Data were searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online from the December 2019 to August 2024. Two researchers extracted the data and accomplished the methodological quality valuation independently. Random-effect model used to estimate the pooled effect size and I2 and Q-statistic were used to check heterogeneity. Stata 14.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, Texas, USA) was used for statistical analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Eleven studies were included. From 6 studies the pooled prevalence of anxiety was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI]&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.37 to 0.57, I2&#x2005;=&#x2005;96.00%, P&#x2005;<&#x2005;.001). Five studies reported about depression and the pooled prevalence was 32% (95% CI&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.22 to 0.42, I2&#x2005;=&#x2005;96.00%, P&#x2005;<&#x2005;.001). Four studies reported about stress and the pooled prevalence was 26% (95% CI&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.21 to 0.32, I2&#x2005;=&#x2005;94.7%, P&#x2005;<&#x2005;.001). Moreover, the associated factors of anxiety, depression and stress are summarized systematically.<br><br>CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic highly affects mental health of pregnant women in Ethiopia. Anxiety, depression and stress were most reported mental health problems during the pandemic. Appropriate psychological counseling programs should be applied for pregnant women to prevent mental health problems.}, }
@article {pmid40100618, year = {2025}, author = {Loubet, P and Benotmane, I and Fourati, S and Malard, F and Vuotto, F and Blanchard, E and Raffi, F and Nguyen, S and de Prost, N and Avouac, J}, title = {Risk of Severe COVID-19 in Four Immunocompromised Populations: A French Expert Perspective.}, journal = {Infectious diseases and therapy}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {671-733}, pmid = {40100618}, issn = {2193-8229}, abstract = {Immunocompromised patients are disproportionately impacted by severe disease, hospitalization, and mortality associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To optimize the management of these patients in clinical practice, we convened an expert panel to review current evidence on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine responses and severe COVID-19 in immunocompromised populations. We identified four main immunocompromised groups-solid organ transplant recipients, patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, patients treated for hematologic malignancies, and patients treated for inflammatory diseases-who mount suboptimal humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and are at increased risk of severe COVID-19-related outcomes. A wide range of risk factors were associated with reduced vaccine responses and/or poor outcomes, most commonly older age, comorbidities, and the type and number of immunosuppressive therapies. We believe that early identification and close monitoring of these at-risk patients, plus regular booster vaccinations, prophylactic monoclonal antibody therapy, non-pharmacologic prevention measures, prompt antiviral treatment, and other risk mitigation strategies, are critical to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40100484, year = {2025}, author = {Almulhim, M and Ghasemian, A and Memariani, M and Karami, F and Yassen, ASA and Alexiou, A and Papadakis, M and Batiha, GE}, title = {Drug repositioning as a promising approach for the eradication of emerging and re-emerging viral agents.}, journal = {Molecular diversity}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40100484}, issn = {1573-501X}, abstract = {The global impact of emerging and re-emerging viral agents during epidemics and pandemics leads to serious health and economic burdens. Among the major emerging or re-emerging viruses include SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus (EBOV), Monkeypox virus (Mpox), Hepatitis viruses, Zika virus, Avian flu, Influenza virus, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Dengue fever virus (DENV), West Nile virus, Rhabdovirus, Sandfly fever virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus, and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify existing studies, clinical trials, and reviews that discuss drug repositioning strategies for the treatment of emerging and re-emerging viral infections using databases, such as PubMed, Scholar Google, Scopus, and Web of Science. By utilizing drug repositioning, pharmaceutical companies can take advantage of a cost-effective, accelerated, and effective strategy, which in turn leads to the discovery of innovative treatment options for patients. In light of antiviral drug resistance and the high costs of developing novel antivirals, drug repositioning holds great promise for more rapid substitution of approved drugs. Main repositioned drugs have included chloroquine, ivermectin, dexamethasone, Baricitinib, tocilizumab, Mab114 (Ebanga™), ZMapp (pharming), Artesunate, imiquimod, saquinavir, capmatinib, naldemedine, Trametinib, statins, celecoxib, naproxen, metformin, ruxolitinib, nitazoxanide, gemcitabine, Dorzolamide, Midodrine, Diltiazem, zinc acetate, suramin, 5-fluorouracil, quinine, minocycline, trifluoperazine, paracetamol, berbamine, Nifedipine, and chlorpromazine. This succinct review will delve into the topic of repositioned drugs that have been utilized to combat emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens.}, }
@article {pmid40097975, year = {2025}, author = {Cheuyem, FZL and Amani, A and Nkodo, ICA and Boukeng, LBK and Edzamba, MF and Nouko, A and Guissana, EO and Ngos, CS and Achangwa, C and Mouangue, C}, title = {COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {1035}, pmid = {40097975}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {Humans ; Cameroon ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The development of effective vaccines was a promising tool for ending the pandemic. However, the success of a vaccination programme hinges on achieving substantial community acceptance. In Cameroon, numerous studies have investigated the level of acceptance, hesitancy, and perception of COVID-19 vaccines, with mixed results. To provide a comprehensive understanding of these parameters, this meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy and perception in Cameroon.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search of online databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, was conducted to identify relevant research articles. This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The extracted data were compiled in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using R statistical software (version 4.3.3). The pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and perception was calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis. Funnel plots, Egger's, and Begg's tests were used to assess publication bias.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 1,346 records identified through the database search, 20 research articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The random-effects model showed that approximately 31.21% (95% CI: 23.49-38.94) of the participants was willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. More than two-thirds of the population (68.49%; 95% CI: 60.65-76.34) were vaccine hesitant. Half of the participants (51.81%; 95% CI: 42.70-60.93), had a negative perception of the COVID-19 vaccine. The acceptance rate progressed from the first semester of 2021 (27.21%; 95% CI: 10.38-44.05) to the first semester of 2022 (45.56%; 95% CI: 25.00-66.12). The pooled vaccine acceptance rate was 29.29% (95% CI: 19.86-38.72) for the general population and 39.24% (95% CI: 22.84-55.64) for healthcare workers. The pooled vaccine hesitancy rate was 70.39% (95% CI: 61.30-79.80) for the general population and 57.42% (95% CI: 4.05-71.80) for healthcare workers.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Although progress in vaccine acceptance, targeted interventions remain necessary to address vaccine hesitancy in the country. Strategies such as enhancing access to accurate information, fostering trust in institutions, and strengthening community engagement remain crucial for increasing COVID-19 vaccine uptake.}, }
@article {pmid40097760, year = {2025}, author = {Märkl, B and Schaller, T}, title = {[Legal and organizational aspects of autopsy in Germany].}, journal = {Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40097760}, issn = {2731-7196}, abstract = {The article explores the legal and organizational aspects of autopsies in Germany. Despite their importance in clinical medicine, the number of clinical autopsies has been declining for decades due to work-related, organizational, and legal challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a temporary resurgence of interest in autopsies, although this interest has since waned. Initiatives like the National Autopsy Network (NATON) and the National Autopsy Register (NAREG) have been established to promote research and quality assurance.Legally, autopsies in Germany are regulated at both federal and state levels. Variations in regulations between states, especially concerning consent and the definition of a corpse, complicate the process. Social insurance-related autopsies are crucial in clarifying occupational diseases and accidents.Organizationally, autopsies require consent from relatives, which is often a challenging step. However, the introduction of remuneration for clinical autopsies has improved the framework. Initiatives such as the S1 guideline and international research projects have reinforced the role of autopsies. The article underscores the importance of autopsies in quality assurance and research, especially given the rise in occupational diseases and the need for improved clinical diagnoses.}, }
@article {pmid40096951, year = {2025}, author = {Nelson, BK and Farah, LN and Saint, SA and Song, C and Field, TS and Sossi, V and Stoessl, AJ and Wellington, C and Honer, WG and Lang, D and Silverberg, ND and Panenka, WJ}, title = {Diffusion tensor imaging after COVID-19 infection: A systematic review.}, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {310}, number = {}, pages = {121150}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121150}, pmid = {40096951}, issn = {1095-9572}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnostic imaging ; *Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods ; *White Matter/diagnostic imaging ; *Brain/diagnostic imaging ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Most COVID-19 neuroimaging research focuses on clinically evident lesions occurring during the acute period after infection. Chronic effects on brain structure, especially at a microstructural level, are less well defined. Existing advanced neuroimaging studies report inconsistent differences in white matter integrity after COVID-19 infection. Our aim was to systematically evaluate the advanced neuroimaging literature with a specific focus on examining diffusion MRI (dMRI) abnormalities observable after the resolution of the acute phase of COVID-19 illness.<br><br>METHODS: A search of the literature was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus on May 27th, 2023, and an updated search was performed September 20th, 2024. Inclusion criteria were a quantitative comparison of dMRI metrics between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 volunteers with MRI acquired >6 weeks after COVID-19. Studies that included only subgroups of COVID-19 patients with specific symptoms, case reports, and post-mortem studies were excluded. Forwards and backwards citation chasing were performed.<br><br>RESULTS: The initial search identified 1709 unique records, and 11 met inclusion criteria. Most studies included hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with brain MRI acquired between 2 and 6 months after COVID-19 infection. The majority of studies reported lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity in the post-COVID-19 cohort, compared to non-COVID-19 controls. However, there were inconsistent findings, with one study reporting higher fractional anisotropy after COVID-19 infection. Cohorts with a more severe acute COVID-19 illness tended to have lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity than cohorts with a milder illness course. Compared to shorter follow-up periods, a longer time between COVID-19 and MRI was associated with fewer differences between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 volunteers.<br><br>CONCLUSION: A review of the literature indicates that the heterogeneity of findings regarding dMRI metrics after the resolution of the acute phase of COVID-19 illness may be due in part to the severity of COVID-19 illness and the time between COVID-19 and MRI. Future studies should also consider how different SARS-CoV-2 variants differentially affect the structural brain differences after COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40096057, year = {2025}, author = {Shyong, O and Alfakhri, N and Bates, SV and Carroll, RW and Gallagher, K and Huang, L and Madhavan, V and Murphy, SA and Okrzesik, SA and Yager, PH and Yonker, LM and Lok, J}, title = {Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Comprehensive Review Over the Past Five Years.}, journal = {Journal of intensive care medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {8850666251320558}, doi = {10.1177/08850666251320558}, pmid = {40096057}, issn = {1525-1489}, abstract = {Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Comprehensive Review over the Past Five Years This review explores many facets of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) over the previous 5 years. In the time since the COVID 19 pandemic gripped our medical systems, we can now explore the data that has been collected from the previous years. The literature has allowed us to better understand the impact of COVID 19 and the post illness occurrence of a severe systemic inflammatory disease on our youngest patient populations. This paper will outline the pathophysiology of MIS-C, the treatments utilized, short and long-term patient outcomes including epidemiological factors.}, }
@article {pmid40095845, year = {2025}, author = {Inglis, JG and Cabral, HV and Cosentino, C and Bonardi, A and Negro, F}, title = {Motor unit discharge behavior in human muscles throughout force gradation: a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression.}, journal = {Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)}, volume = {138}, number = {4}, pages = {1050-1065}, doi = {10.1152/japplphysiol.00863.2024}, pmid = {40095845}, issn = {1522-1601}, support = {101045605//EC | ERC | HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council (ERC)/ ; 101151712//EC | Horizon Europe | Excellent Science | HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; *Isometric Contraction/physiology ; *Motor Neurons/physiology ; Electromyography/methods ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; }, abstract = {The analysis of motor unit (MU) discharge behavior provides an effective way of assembling information about the generation and control of movement. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we identified and summarized the literature investigating MU discharge rate and discharge rate variability (CoV-ISI) during voluntary isometric contractions at various force levels. Databases were searched up to January 7, 2025, and a total of 262 studies were included. The meta-means of MU discharge rate and CoV-ISI were estimated and compared across human muscles. The influence of contraction intensity on MU discharge behavior was assessed through linear meta-regressions. At low-to-moderate forces [<60% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)], the first dorsal interosseous, biceps brachii (BB), and forearm extensors (FEs) had the highest discharge rate, whereas the soleus had the lowest. At high force levels (>60% MVC), the tibialis anterior (TA) had the highest mean discharge rate compared with all other muscles, with the soleus maintaining the lowest. Regarding CoV-ISI results at low forces (<30% MVC), the TA had the lowest CoV-ISI values, except in comparison with the vastii. In addition, the vastii had lower CoV-ISI values than the FE, gastrocnemius medialis, and soleus. Contraction intensity was positively associated with the mean discharge rates in all muscles investigated, although some muscles showed steeper slopes than others. Similar results were observed for CoV-ISI meta-regressions, with muscle-specific differences in slope. These findings suggest potential variations in neural control strategies across muscles during force gradation, such as differences in the relative contribution of rate coding to facilitate increasing force demands.}, }
@article {pmid40095494, year = {2025}, author = {Merino-Casquero, A and Andrade-Gómez, E and Fagundo-Rivera, J and Fernández-León, P}, title = {Beyond Confinement: A Systematic Review on Factors Influencing Binge Drinking Among Adolescents and Young Adults During the Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40095494}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Objectives: This study aimed to enhance the understanding of factors influencing changes in binge drinking (BD) behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on its impact on the health of individuals aged 12 to 25 years. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, encompassing studies published between January 2020 and September 2024. Articles were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, following PRISMA guidelines and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) review protocols. Inclusion criteria targeted studies focusing on BD during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents or school-aged individuals without specific medical conditions. Exclusions included studies limited to a single gender, ethnicity, or profession, as well as doctoral theses and editorials. JBI tools were used to assess the quality of the selected studies. Results: From 33 studies (19 cross-sectional and 14 longitudinal), trends in BD during the pandemic varied: 2 studies reported an increase, while 21 indicated a decrease. Key factors linked to increased BD included pandemic stressors (e.g., isolation, social disconnection and non-compliance with restrictions), psychosocial issues (e.g., depression, anxiety, boredom, and low resilience), prior substance use, and sociodemographic variables (e.g., low education, economic extremes, living arrangements, and limited family support). Female gender and academic disengagement were also risk factors. Conversely, factors like stay-at-home orders, fear of contagion, family support, studying health sciences, and resilient coping strategies contributed to reduced BD. Other variables, such as pandemic stress and self-efficacy, had inconsistent effects. Conclusions: Factors contributing to increased BD included pandemic-related stress, mental health conditions, and unhealthy habits, while protective factors included stay-at-home orders, social support, and resilient coping. The study highlights the need for effective prevention and intervention strategies, emphasizing a holistic approach in healthcare, early detection, and tailored interventions, particularly for vulnerable groups such as adolescents.}, }
@article {pmid40095129, year = {2025}, author = {Giel, K and Zipfel, S and Schag, K}, title = {[Binge Eating Disorder-State of the art].}, journal = {Der Nervenarzt}, volume = {96}, number = {3}, pages = {238-246}, pmid = {40095129}, issn = {1433-0407}, mesh = {Humans ; *Binge-Eating Disorder/diagnosis/therapy/psychology/epidemiology ; *Psychotherapy/methods ; Comorbidity ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Obesity/psychology/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Eating disorders are complex mental disorders the prevalence of which has continued to increase, particularly since the coronavirus pandemic. Binge Eating Disorder has been newly included as a diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders 5 (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases 11th revision (ICD-11).<br><br>AIM OF THE WORK: We present a&#xa0;state of the art overview of diagnostic criteria, psychopathology, differential diagnostics, epidemiology, comorbidities, developmental and maintenance factors, treatment and care situation of binge eating disorder.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: A&#xa0;narrative review is provided.<br><br>RESULTS: Binge eating disorder is characterized by recurrent binge eating with loss of control. It is the most common eating disorder in the general population and is often associated with overweight or obesity. Neurobiological models see changes in the areas of emotion regulation, reward processing and impulse control as etiological contributions to binge eating disorder. Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for binge eating disorder, which often goes undetected and untreated. A reason for this is the experienced or feared stigmatization, shame and feelings of guilt of those affected.<br><br>DISCUSSION: As the diagnosis of a&#xa0;binge eating disorder influences the choice of treatment and the prognosis of both the eating disorder and a potentially comorbid obesity, active clarification of the eating behavior and a&#xa0;possible eating disorder in the context of motivational interviewing is essential.}, }
@article {pmid40094929, year = {2025}, author = {Patrascu, R and Dumitru, CS}, title = {Advances in Understanding Inflammation and Tissue Damage: Markers of Persistent Sequelae in COVID-19 Patients.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40094929}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {This review explores the crucial role of established and emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis, management, and understanding of post-COVID-19 conditions. With COVID-19 affecting multiple organ systems, biomarkers have been instrumental in identifying ongoing inflammation and tissue damage, facilitating early diagnosis and prognostication. Specifically, markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and novel entities such as soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms and predict long-term outcomes. This review highlights the integration of these biomarkers into clinical workflows and their implications for personalized medicine, emphasizing their potential in guiding therapeutic interventions and monitoring recovery. Future directions suggest a focus on longitudinal studies to explore biomarker trajectories and their interaction with therapeutic outcomes, aiming to enhance the management of post-COVID-19 conditions and refine public health strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40094895, year = {2025}, author = {Malik, S and Ahsan, O and Muhammad, K and Munawar, N and Waheed, Y}, title = {Phagetherapy updates: New frontiers against antibiotic resistance.}, journal = {European journal of microbiology &amp; immunology}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, pmid = {40094895}, issn = {2062-509X}, abstract = {Antibiotic resistance is a major problem in the healthcare industry, and it presents difficulties in managing bacterial diseases worldwide. The need to find alternative antibiotic-containing methods is thus a major area for the scientific community to work on. Bacteriophage therapy is an interesting alternative that has been used in scientific research for a long time to tackle antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The purpose of this review was to compile the latest data on bacteriophages, which are progressively being used as alternatives to antibiotics, and to identify the mechanisms associated with phage therapy. The results section delves into the growing challenges posed by antibiotics and explores the potential of bacteriophages as therapeutic alternatives. This study discusses how phages can decrease antibiotic resistance, highlighting their role in modulating microbiomes and addressing various complications. This study explored the intriguing question of whether bacteriophages can combat nonbacterial diseases and examined their indirect use in pest control. In addition, this study explores the application of the CRISPR-Cas system in combating antibiotic resistance and specifically addresses phage therapy for secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19. We will further discuss whether bacteriophages are a noteworthy alternative to antibiotics by considering the evolutionary trade-offs between phages and antibiotic resistance. This section concludes by outlining future perspectives and acknowledging limitations, particularly in the context of phage and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated phage therapy. The methodology adopted for this study is a comprehensive research strategy using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases, among others. In conclusion, phage therapy is a promising strategy for tackling antibiotic-resistant bacteria, contributing to improved food production and mitigating secondary health effects. However, effective regulation requires careful selection of phages in conjunction with antibiotics to ensure judicious control of the coevolutionary dynamics between phages and antibiotics.}, }
@article {pmid40094893, year = {2025}, author = {Mara, G and Nini, G and Cotoraci, C}, title = {Impact of Pulmonary Comorbidities on COVID-19: Acute and Long-Term Evaluations.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40094893}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: Pulmonary comorbidities, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), have emerged as critical factors influencing the severity and outcomes of COVID-19. This review aims to evaluate the interplay between these comorbidities and COVID-19, both during the acute phase and in long-term recovery, focusing on their impact on clinical management and outcomes. Methods: This systematic review examined studies sourced from major medical databases, including PubMed and Scopus, using keywords such as "COVID-19", "pulmonary comorbidities", "long COVID", and "respiratory sequelae". Peer-reviewed articles published from January 2020 to the present were included, with data extracted to evaluate both the acute and long-term effects of these comorbidities on COVID-19 patients. Results: Patients with COPD demonstrated significantly higher risks of severe COVID-19, including increased hospitalization and mortality. Asthma, while less consistently associated with severe outcomes, showed a variable risk based on disease control. ILDs were strongly correlated with poor outcomes, including higher rates of respiratory failure and mortality. Long-term complications, such as persistent dyspnea, impaired lung function, and structural changes like fibrosis, were prevalent in patients recovering from moderate to severe COVID-19. These complications adversely affected quality of life and increased healthcare dependency. Conclusions: Pulmonary comorbidities amplify both the acute severity and long-term respiratory consequences of COVID-19. Effective management necessitates tailored strategies addressing both phases, integrating rehabilitation and continuous monitoring to mitigate chronic impairments. Future research should prioritize understanding the mechanisms behind these interactions to inform public health interventions and improve patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40094303, year = {2024}, author = {Bernal-Delgado, E and Angulo-Pueyo, E and Ridao-López, M and Urbanos-Garrido, RM and Oliva-Moreno, J and García-Abiétar, D and Hernández-Quevedo, C}, title = {Spain: Health System Review.}, journal = {Health systems in transition}, volume = {26}, number = {3}, pages = {1-187}, pmid = {40094303}, issn = {1817-6127}, mesh = {Humans ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; Spain/epidemiology ; Health Expenditures/statistics &amp; numerical data ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Health Care Reform/organization &amp; administration ; National Health Programs/organization &amp; administration ; Primary Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {This review of the Spanish health system analyses recent developments in health organization and governance, financing, health care provision, recent reforms and health system performance. Overall health status continues to improve in Spain, which presents the highest life expectancy in the European Union - although some socioeconomic inequalities in health persist and risk factors such as overweight, tobacco and alcohol consumption and illegal drug use remain a concern. The Spanish national health system (SNS) provides universal coverage, and it is mainly funded by taxes. Health competences are transferred to the regions, while the Ministry of Health is responsible for the overall coordination of the SNS. Health spending has seen a large increase as a percentage of GDP, following the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, remaining high in 2021 (10.8% of GDP). While the benefits package is comprehensive, cost-sharing is required for pharmaceuticals and some prostheses; nonetheless, out-of-pocket (OOP) payments do not result in catastrophic spending for households. Co-payments have been largely reformed with further exemptions in place since 2020. Primary care remains at the centre of the SNS, with the Family Doctor 1 acting as the gatekeeper to specialized and hospital care. The 2019 Strategic Framework for Primary and Community Care aims for primary care to adapt to and address new epidemiological, societal and technological challenges that have emerged over the last decade. Regarding provision of care, there is a shortage of physicians in some specialties and problems in covering vacancies in some rural areas of the country, particularly for primary care physicians. Health system reforms since 2018 have focused on widening the population covered by the health system, reducing co-payments, improving the scope of coverage in terms of increasing provided services, and the reinforcement of primary care. Future challenges for the health system include addressing access gaps, such as the limited coverage of some services (such as dental and optical care), and large waiting lists for some services. Some gaps in efficiency remain, such as the low numbers of qualified personnel in some medical specialties, the shortage of mental health resources, the underuse of effective treatments, and the overuse of non-appropriate or ineffective procedures.}, }
@article {pmid40094257, year = {2025}, author = {Vinicius de Sousa, M and Mariani, G and Ribeiro Alves, MAVF and Mazzali, M}, title = {Segmental and Focal Glomerulosclerosis Secondary to MELAS Syndrome and Long-Term Outcomes After Kidney Transplant: Case Report and Literature Review.}, journal = {Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation}, volume = {23}, number = {2}, pages = {146-150}, doi = {10.6002/ect.2025.0006}, pmid = {40094257}, issn = {2146-8427}, mesh = {Humans ; *Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects ; Female ; Adult ; *MELAS Syndrome/genetics/complications/diagnosis/surgery ; *Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/diagnosis/surgery/etiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Time Factors ; *Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery/etiology/diagnosis ; *Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Biopsy ; }, abstract = {Mitochondrial disease is a heterogeneous group of disorders with variable clinical and laboratory manifestations. The most common mitochondrial DNA defect is the transition of adenine to guanine at position 3243 (m.3243A≥G) on the MT-TL1 gene, causing a systemic syndrome known as MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes). The kidney is particularly susceptible to mitochondrial diseases due to its high oxygen consumption and abundance of mitochondria. Tubular cells and podocytes can be affected by these diseases, resulting in diverse clinical and laboratory manifestations. We reported a case of a 31-year-old female patient with bilateral sensorineural deafness diagnosed with the m.3243A≥G sequence variant in adulthood. At the time of diagnosis, she had end-stage renal disease secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Her sister was diagnosed with MELAS syndrome, and mitochondrial disease was investigated. After 27 months on dialysis, our patient received a kidney transplant from a deceased donor and presented nonnephrotic range proteinuria within the first month after transplant. Despite developing de novo donor-specific antibodies after COVID-19, the function of the transplanted kidney remained stable. With adjustment to the maintenance immunosuppression therapy, there was a gradual decrease in the mean fluorescence intensity of de novo donor-specific antibodies. The graft function and proteinuria remained stable throughout a 5-year follow-up, which is similar to a follow-up reported in the literature. The kidney is especially vulnerable to mitochondrial diseases. In this report, posttransplant outcomes were satisfactory in a 5-year follow-up, similar to those reported by other authors.}, }
@article {pmid40093847, year = {2024}, author = {Mazhar, I and Rai, MM and Ahmad, A and Nadeem, N and Javed, AS and Mumtaz, H}, title = {Recent Vaccines against Emerging and Tropical Infectious Diseases.}, journal = {Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {e187}, pmid = {40093847}, issn = {2359-7232}, abstract = {Emerging diseases, re-emerging diseases and tropical diseases are a slowly progressing problem globally. This may in part be the result of shifting population, growing poverty, inadequate distribution of resources, or even complacency against personal hygiene. As a result of the low income and low standards of health in developing countries, they provide the perfect breeding grounds for the pathogens and parasites that are the root cause of Neglected Tropical diseases (NTDs). In the case of emerging diseases, most are of zoonotic origin and the recent COVID-19 pandemic is a key example. However, it is not just new diseases but re-emerging diseases such as Influenza that highlight the relentless nature of these infections. Vaccines represent the ultimate safety net against these diseases by bolstering immune systems and lowering subsequent mortality and morbidity of these conditions. In fact, against diseases with high mortalities such as AIDS, Hepatitis, and Malaria, vaccine development has markedly reduced mortality and prolonged life expectancy of those afflicted with these conditions. However, this research highlights the importance of enhancing vaccine efficacy and response. The review further underscores the necessity of research, the timing of vaccine administration, effective resource management by governments, and the perception of the population. Therefore, the review offers valuable insights for the medical community and the pharmaceutical industry in improving research and management to maximize the potential of vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid40093756, year = {2025}, author = {Sanger, BD and Alarachi, A and McNeely, HE and McKinnon, MC and McCabe, RE}, title = {Brain Fog and Cognitive Dysfunction in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Evidence-Based Review.}, journal = {Psychology research and behavior management}, volume = {18}, number = {}, pages = {589-606}, pmid = {40093756}, issn = {1179-1578}, abstract = {The term "brain fog" has long been used both colloquially and in research literature in reference to various neurocognitive phenomenon that detract from cognitive efficiency. We define "brain fog" as the subjective experience of cognitive difficulties, in keeping with the most common colloquial and research use of the term. While a recent increase in use of this term has largely been in the context of the post-coronavirus-19 condition known as long COVID, "brain fog" has also been discussed in relation to several other conditions including mental health conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is associated with both subjective cognitive complaints and relative deficits on cognitive testing, but the phenomenology and mechanisms contributing to "brain fog" in this population are poorly understood. PTSD psychopathology across cognitive, affective and physiological symptom domains have been tied to "brain fog". Furthermore, dissociative symptoms common in PTSD also contribute to the experience of "brain fog". Comorbid physical and mental health conditions may also increase the risk of experiencing "brain fog" among individuals with PTSD. Considerations for the assessment of "brain fog" in PTSD as part of psychodiagnostic assessment are discussed. While standard psychological intervention for PTSD is associated with a reduction in subjective cognitive deficits, other cognitive interventions may be valuable when "brain fog" persists following PTSD remission or when "brain fog" interferes with treatment. Limitations of current research on "brain fog" in PTSD include a lack of consistent definition and operationalization of "brain fog" in the literature, as well as limited tools for measurement. Future research should address these limitations, as well as further evaluate the use of cognitive remediation as an intervention for "brain fog".}, }
@article {pmid40093322, year = {2025}, author = {Garcia Vidal, C and González, J and Lumbreras, C and Salavert, M and Castro, A and Rubio-Rodríguez, D and Rubio-Terrés, C}, title = {Effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2: a systematic literature review.}, journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1469681}, pmid = {40093322}, issn = {1663-9812}, abstract = {AIM: Since the first cases of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, described in 2019, numerous drugs have been proposed for the treatment of the disease. However, studies have given contradictory or inconclusive results, making it difficult to determine which treatments are truly effective. The objective was to carry out a systematic review of the literature analyzing the effectiveness (mortality, hospitalization and clinical improvement) of COVID-19 treatments initially proposed and finally authorized in the European Union.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed and other electronic databases were systematically searched for meta-analyses published between January 2020 and December 2022, as well as two additional searches: one of individual clinical studies published until October 2023 and another of those drugs that were considered at the beginning and that were discarded early because the clinical results were unfavorable.<br><br>RESULTS: In the synthesis, 85 meta-analyses and 19 additional clinical studies were included (base case). All medications indicated in the treatment of COVID-19 have favorable efficacy results (mortality, hospitalization rate, clinical improvement) but these results were not confirmed in all studies carried out, being frequently contradictory (confirming or not confirming the impact of treatment on mortality). According to meta-analysis with the largest sample size, the drugs with the greatest evidence of effectiveness in reducing mortality are remdesivir (HR= 0.79; 95% CI 0.73-0.85) and tocilizumab (OR= 0.73; 95% CI 0.56-0.93). Regarding the composite of Covid-19-related hospitalization or death from any cause, the drugs with the greatest evidence of efficacy are remdesivir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and sotrovimab (although, currently the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies against the new variants of the virus has not been demonstrated).<br><br>CONCLUSION: According to this systematic review, the treatments with the greatest evidence of reducing mortality in patients with COVID-19 are remdesivir and tocilizumab.}, }
@article {pmid40092964, year = {2025}, author = {Prasiska, DI and Osei, KM and Chapagain, DD and Rajaguru, V and Kim, TH and Kang, SJ and Lee, SG and Jang, SY and Han, W}, title = {The Global Health Security Index and Its Role in Shaping National COVID‑19 Response Capacities: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Annals of global health}, volume = {91}, number = {1}, pages = {15}, pmid = {40092964}, issn = {2214-9996}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Global Health ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Introduction: Following the introduction of the Global Health Security Index (GHSI), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic emerged as an unprecedented global health crisis, underscoring the need for robust health security frameworks and preparedness measures. This study conducts a scoping review to analyze the existing literature on the GHSI and assess national COVID‑19 responses across different countries. Method: A comprehensive search of electronic databases (EBSCO, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted for articles published from 2020 to 2024. Search terms included "Global Health Security Index" and terms related to COVID‑19. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‑ScR) guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), adjusted for cross‑sectional studies, was used for quality assessment. Results: A total of 3,243 studies were identified, of which 20 were finalized for data synthesis. Specific COVID‑19 parameters were analyzed to provide a comprehensive overview of each country's pandemic response capacity. Among the selected studies, 17 (85%) had a low risk of bias, while 3 (15%) had a medium risk. Countries' response capacities were categorized into five key parameters: detection, mortality, transmission, fatality, and recovery. Findings revealed significant discrepancies between GHSI scores and actual national responses, with some high‑scoring countries struggling to control the pandemic. This raises concerns about the GHSI's predictive reliability. Conclusion: The study highlights that the GHSI does not fully capture a country's capacity to respond effectively to COVID‑19. However, it remains a valuable tool for identifying gaps in pandemic preparedness. To enhance its relevance, the index should integrate a wider range of factors, including political leadership, governance, public health infrastructure, and socio‑cultural elements, which are crucial in managing public health emergencies.}, }
@article {pmid40092556, year = {2025}, author = {Noë, A and Vaillancourt, E and Zawati, MH}, title = {Verbal consent in biomedical research: moving toward a future standard practice?.}, journal = {Frontiers in genetics}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1472655}, pmid = {40092556}, issn = {1664-8021}, abstract = {Properly obtaining informed consent is a core obligation for research conducted using human subjects. The traditional informed consent process involves written forms and obtaining signatures. This process remains the standard, but in various research settings, such as COVID-19 and rare disease research, verbal consent has increasingly become the norm. Although verbal consent is used in these settings, its use is still a subject of debate. This article reviews in what medical settings verbal consent is commonly seen today, various advantages and disadvantages of verbal consent, and its legislative and policy ecosystem. In doing so, this review article asserts that it is time for the debate over verbal consent to come to an end and for legislator and policymakers to acknowledge its use and to formalize the process. This will allow verbal consent to be regulated in a similar manner to written consent and will give clinician-researchers guidance on how to better implement verbal consent in their studies to addressing ongoing concerns with the consenting process as a whole.}, }
@article {pmid40092474, year = {2025}, author = {Zyoud, S and Zyoud, SH}, title = {One Health and planetary health research landscapes in the Arab world.}, journal = {Science in One Health}, volume = {4}, number = {}, pages = {100105}, pmid = {40092474}, issn = {2949-7043}, abstract = {This review explored research trends in One Health and planetary health in the Arab world, a region confronting major sustainability challenges. These fields are crucial in combating global pressing concerns like infectious diseases, biodiversity loss, antimicrobial resistance, climate change, and air pollution. The COVID-19 pandemic stressed their significance to global health and sustainable development. This analysis assessed the Arab world's contributions to these concepts applying performance analysis and visualization mapping, revealing that One Health outperformed planetary health in terms of productivity and number of contributed countries. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates have emerged as leading contributors to One Health and planetary health research in the Arab world. Meanwhile, the United States and the United Kingdom, as non-Arab nations, play a pivotal role in fostering collaborative efforts with the region. The trajectory of One Health research has indeed shown remarkable exponential growth, especially since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, which is an indication of increasing relevance in the address of global health challenges. Conversely, planetary health presents an irregular growth pattern, with a strong point in the development of this area standing out in 2023. The unique set of social, cultural, governance, and agricultural attributes of the Arab region are joined by major environmental challenges that define the focus of both One Health and planetary health research efforts. Climate change, environmental contexts, and public health feature prominently in both One Health and planetary health, with One Health focusing mainly on infectious diseases and planetary health addressing the implications of climate change on human health. Advancing these concepts demands the establishment of a regional governing body to oversee an integrated One Health and planetary health strategy, foster regional research communities and alliances, secure political will and funding, and ensure the integration of these concepts into policy and academic frameworks.}, }
@article {pmid40091918, year = {2025}, author = {Barriga Guzman, R and Tolu-Akinnawo, O and Awoyemi, T and Chima-Kalu, R and Adeleke, O and Ezekwueme, F and Obarombi, JT and Gwira-Tamattey, E and Abib, O and Odeyinka, O and Anuforo, AC}, title = {A Systematic Review of Case Reports of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in COVID-19 Patients.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {e78938}, pmid = {40091918}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic posed a significant global public health challenge, affecting millions of individuals. While some COVID-19 patients remain asymptomatic, others experience severe complications, including multiorgan failure and death. Emerging evidence indicates that COVID-19 is associated with substantial cardiovascular complications, notably an increased risk of arrhythmias, with atrial fibrillation (AF) being particularly prevalent among hospitalized patients. This review analyzes case reports of new-onset AF in COVID-19 patients, synthesizing data on patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentations, and outcomes. The cases reviewed indicate that affected patients were predominantly male, covered a broad age range, and frequently had underlying conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. The main outcomes observed included a high incidence of severe complications such as ischemic stroke, acute respiratory failure, myocarditis, and heart failure. Mortality rates were notably elevated among patients with COVID-19-related AF, particularly in those requiring intensive care or mechanical ventilation. The findings emphasize the significant cardiovascular burden of COVID-19, with a focus on its association with increased AF risk. By integrating case-based evidence, this review highlights the complex interplay between COVID-19 and AF, underscoring the need for early recognition and targeted treatment strategies to mitigate cardiovascular complications and improve patient outcomes in this vulnerable population.}, }
@article {pmid40091392, year = {2025}, author = {Saha, I and Banerjee, O and Sarkar Biswas, S and Mukherjee, S}, title = {COVID-19 beyond the lungs: Unraveling its vascular impact and cardiovascular complications-mechanisms and therapeutic implications.}, journal = {Science progress}, volume = {108}, number = {1}, pages = {368504251322069}, pmid = {40091392}, issn = {2047-7163}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism/virology/etiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/virology/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Endothelial Cells/virology/metabolism ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/etiology ; Cardiovascular System/virology/physiopathology/metabolism ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is primarily a respiratory illness but significantly affects the cardiovascular system as well. After entering the body through the respiratory tract, the virus directly and indirectly disrupts the vascular system. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs), which express ACE2 and TMPRSS2, are targets for viral invasion. However, the predominant cause of widespread vascular damage is the "cytokine storm" induced by the immune response. This leads to EC activation, inflammation, neutrophil activation, and neutrophil-platelet aggregation, causing endothelial injury. Additionally, increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 disrupts the balance between prothrombotic and fibrinolytic processes, while activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system adds oxidative stress to the vascular endothelium. In the heart, SARS-CoV-2 invades ECs, leading to apoptosis and pyroptosis, exacerbated by inflammation and elevated catecholamines. These factors contribute to arrhythmias, strokes, and myocardial infarction in severe cases of COVID-19. This narrative review aims to explore the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 affects the cardiovascular system and to highlight the resulting complications. It also identifies research gaps and discusses potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate the cardiovascular impacts of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40090832, year = {2025}, author = {Stephenson, KE}, title = {Next-Generation Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines: Clinical Data and Future Directions.}, journal = {Infectious disease clinics of North America}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {253-274}, doi = {10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.003}, pmid = {40090832}, issn = {1557-9824}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccine Development ; Immunity, Mucosal ; }, abstract = {Current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have prevented millions of deaths since the beginning of the pandemic. Yet, current vaccines have critical limitations: (1) they elicit poor mucosal immune responses with reduced protection against infection and viral transmission, (2) immune responses wane quickly, and (3) new immune evasive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants continue to emerge. Next-generation vaccines aim to induce improved mucosal immunity via mucosal administration, and to elicit a greater duration and breadth of immune responses through new platforms like self-amplifying RNA. This review focuses on next-generation COVID-19 vaccines that have publicly available clinical data and are most likely to proceed in further development.}, }
@article {pmid40090619, year = {2025}, author = {Apalama, ML and Begue, F and Tanaka, S and Cournot, M and Couret, D and Meilhac, O and Pokeerbux, MR}, title = {High density lipoproteins and COVID-19: preparing the next pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of lipid research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {100779}, doi = {10.1016/j.jlr.2025.100779}, pmid = {40090619}, issn = {1539-7262}, abstract = {High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are heterogeneous particles with pleiotropic functions including anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious effects. In clinical studies, lower HDL-associated cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration has been associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, severity and mortality. A reduction in the number of HDL particles, particularly small ones has been observed with alterations in their protein and lipid composition impairing their functions. These observations have supported HDL supplementation with promising results in small preliminary studies. This review summarizes available evidence on these different aspects to better understand the two-way interaction between HDLs and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and guiding future HDL-based therapies for preparing the next pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40090554, year = {2025}, author = {Nelson, BK and Farah, LN and Saint, SA and Song, C and Field, TS and Sossi, V and Stoessl, AJ and Wellington, C and Honer, WG and Lang, D and Silverberg, ND and Panenka, WJ}, title = {Quantitative brain volume differences between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 volunteers: A systematic review.}, journal = {NeuroImage}, volume = {310}, number = {}, pages = {121146}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121146}, pmid = {40090554}, issn = {1095-9572}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Brain/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Organ Size ; Neuroimaging/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The majority of COVID-19 neuroimaging literature focuses on the acute period after infection and clinically evident lesions. The chronic effects of COVID-19 on brain structure are less well defined. There are inconsistencies in the existing structural neuroimaging studies regarding differences in brain volumes after COVID-19 infection. It was thus our aim to systematically evaluate the structural neuroimaging literature focusing on volumetric differences between patients with COVID-19, and volunteers without COVID-19, at greater than 6 weeks post-infection.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched in May 2023 with an updated search in September 2024, for studies with a quantitative comparison of brain volumes between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 volunteers with MRI acquired more than 6-weeks after COVID-19. Exclusion criteria included COVID-19 patients selected for the presence of specific symptoms, case reports and case studies, and post-mortem studies. Forwards and backwards citation chasing were performed.<br><br>RESULTS: Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies reported smaller grey matter volumes amongst COVID-19 patients compared to healthy volunteers. However, there were inconsistent findings, with 3 studies reporting larger grey matter volumes in the COVID-19 groups. Additionally, studies with COVID-19 cohorts with more severe presentations, characterized by admission to the hospital or the ICU, were more likely to report smaller grey matter volumes compared to healthy volunteers, than studies that were focused on patients who recovered at home.<br><br>CONCLUSION: A systematic review of the literature indicates that COVID-19 illness severity may explain some of the heterogeneity in brain volume differences between COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers. More longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to assess the longitudinal course of COVID-19's effects on brain volumes.}, }
@article {pmid40089556, year = {2025}, author = {Patni, B and Bhattacharyya, M and Pokhriyal, A and Pandey, D}, title = {Remedying SARS-CoV-2 through nature: a review highlighting the potentiality of herbs, trees, mushrooms, and endophytic microorganisms in controlling Coronavirus.}, journal = {Planta}, volume = {261}, number = {4}, pages = {89}, pmid = {40089556}, issn = {1432-2048}, mesh = {*Endophytes/physiology ; *Plants, Medicinal ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; *Agaricales ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/physiology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Trees/microbiology ; COVID-19/virology ; Secondary Metabolism ; }, abstract = {Medicinal plants, mushrooms, and endophytes offer a rich source of secondary metabolites (SMs), including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids, with proven antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2. Plant-associated microorganisms that colonize in living tissues of different parts of a plant possess the ability to produce SMs of immense therapeutic value and this biological interaction between plants and microbes can be exploited to develop antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. The unprecedented lethality of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the recent global pandemic has prompted extensive research into new treatment options and preventive strategies for COVID-19. Phytochemicals, particularly those derived from medicinal plants, microbes, and mushrooms, show promising results in combating the virus when combined with synthetic components. These natural compounds include terpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids that possess antiviral properties. Medicinal plants and their endophytic microbes, and mushrooms, offer a rich source of secondary metabolites (SMs) with potential antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2. Given the urgency of addressing the swift spread of the new coronavirus strain, exploring and understanding these SMs could lead to the development of innovative and potent antiviral drugs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of plant-, microbial- and mushroom-derived SMs, their classification, and their applications in treating diseases caused by the coronavirus family, offering insights into the potential future production of natural medicines.}, }
@article {pmid40089444, year = {2025}, author = {Alrubayyi, A and Huang, H and Gaiha, GD}, title = {Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Immunology and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Clinical Outcomes.}, journal = {Infectious disease clinics of North America}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {221-232}, doi = {10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.001}, pmid = {40089444}, issn = {1557-9824}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Immunity, Cellular ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Immunity, Humoral ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; }, abstract = {The humoral and cellular immune response are the key players in preventing viral infection and limiting disease severity, particular in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019. In this review, we discuss how immune responses generated by prior infection and vaccination influence the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aim to provide an overview of the role of humoral and cellular immunity, with a particular focus on CD8[+] T cell responses, to delineate how different immune compartments contribute to the control of infection and modulation of disease outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40089443, year = {2025}, author = {Shumaker, AH and Bhimraj, A}, title = {Pharmacologic Treatment and Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019.}, journal = {Infectious disease clinics of North America}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {275-291}, doi = {10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.004}, pmid = {40089443}, issn = {1557-9824}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; COVID-19 ; }, abstract = {Widespread vaccination, hybrid immunity, and reduced pathogenicity with circulating Omicron variants have decreased the rate of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in the general population. Certain patients with COVID-19 remain at high risk for severe outcomes. Clinicians must individualize treatments based on expected benefits and relative harms for patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Guideline-directed therapy for severe and critical COVID-19 has remained static over the last couple of years. Data on immunomodulatory agents have improved our understanding of the management of severe and critical COVID-19, yet uncertainty remains on the role and timing of these agents in the Omicron era.}, }
@article {pmid40089428, year = {2025}, author = {Jois, R and Bajaj, R}, title = {Infection associated Vasculitides.}, journal = {Best practice &amp; research. Clinical rheumatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {102056}, doi = {10.1016/j.berh.2025.102056}, pmid = {40089428}, issn = {1532-1770}, abstract = {Infections can mimic Primary Systemic Vasculitis. Many clinical features and investigations maybe very similar between the two conditions. It is very important for the clinician to be aware of the various infections which mimic vasculitis, since inadvertent immunosuppression in these patients can be fatal. Infections can mimic small, medium or large vessel vasculitis. Infections can produce autoantibodies such as Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody through molecular mimicry and could confound clinical judgement. In addition to the many infections causing vasculitis, more recently COVID-19 associated vasculitis has been described. The exact pathogenesis of infection associated vasculitis is not clear although direct spread, immune complex deposition and T/B cell activation are proposed. Infection as an etiological agent for primary systemic vasculitis has long been debated but definite evidence for the same is lacking. Many drugs used in daily clinical practice can rarely cause vasculitis. More recently Immune-check point inhibitors-induced vasculitis has been described.}, }
@article {pmid40088579, year = {2025}, author = {Brown, GW and von Agris, J and Bell, D and Sturmberg, J and Ridde, V and Makali, SL and Balaluka, GB and Bridge, G and Paul, E}, title = {Perspective: An overemphasis on vaccines for Mpox skewes important lessons from COVID-19 and the need for public health approaches.}, journal = {Journal of infection and public health}, volume = {18}, number = {6}, pages = {102749}, doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102749}, pmid = {40088579}, issn = {1876-035X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/supply &amp; distribution/administration &amp; dosage ; *Public Health ; *Mass Vaccination ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The emergency declarations for Mpox triggered a flurry of appeals for 'vaccine equity' and the mass production of additional vaccine doses, citing a need to 'learn lessons' from COVID-19. We question whether the right lessons have been learned in terms of a supposed need to rollout vaccines quickly and widely, raising concerns about the consequences of an overreliance on expert-driven mass vaccination strategies over more diversified, context-specific and systemic public health strategies. Compared to COVID-19, Mpox has no such epidemic potential because it requires close contact for transmission. Moreover, Congolese populations face far more pressing health burdens. Thus, the health needs of the population risk being lost within a response focused on global procurement of costly health technologies whatever the context in which the outbreak is occurring. Alternatively, locally owned prioritisation and public health and sanitation approaches are key, which should be proportionate to relative disease burdens, and which utilise a diversity of strategies that are cost-effective and with wider public health benefits.}, }
@article {pmid40088416, year = {2025}, author = {Riba, EB}, title = {Towards Defining the Faculty Role in Supporting Student Mental Health.}, journal = {Current psychiatry reports}, volume = {27}, number = {5}, pages = {319-325}, pmid = {40088416}, issn = {1535-1645}, mesh = {Humans ; *Mental Health ; *Students/psychology ; *Faculty/psychology ; COVID-19 ; Universities ; *Professional Role ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review of the recent literature highlights the need to better define the role of faculty in supporting student mental health in higher education institutions in the United States.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The last several decades, and especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, has seen an emphasis on college student mental health. While students are seeking knowledge, connectedness, and career options, faculty are focused on teaching, mentorship but also on how to best support student mental health. With this rise of concentration on mental health in higher education, a major question has arisen-what is the role of faculty in supporting student mental health? The literature is vast in terms of college student mental health and students' stressors and concerns. More and more literature is available regarding interventions used to identify, manage and treat students, and even studies on staff and faculty and their own mental health. Much of the data from faculty has recently been about burnout and their own mental health. There is, however, much less research and literature on either guidelines or guideposts regarding the specific roles that faculty have towards supporting student mental health. This brief paper highlights the potential opportunities and barriers and suggests model strategies for higher education leaders, administrators and faculty to better define the faculty role in supporting student mental health.}, }
@article {pmid40085849, year = {2025}, author = {Okuhara, T and Terada, M and Okada, H and Yokota, R and Kiuchi, T}, title = {Experiences of Public Health Professionals Regarding Crisis Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.}, journal = {JMIR infodemiology}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {e66524}, pmid = {40085849}, issn = {2564-1891}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Public Health ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; Pandemics ; Communication ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic emerged in the digital age and has been called the first "data-driven pandemic" in human history. The global response demonstrated that many countries had failed to effectively prepare for such an event. Learning through experience in a crisis is one way to improve the crisis management process. As the world has returned to normal after the pandemic, questions about crisis management have been raised in several countries and require careful consideration.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to collect and organize public health professionals' experiences in crisis communication to the public during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and Communication Abstracts in February 2024 to locate English-language articles that qualitatively investigated the difficulties and needs experienced by health professionals in their communication activities during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>RESULTS: This review included 17 studies. Our analysis identified 7 themes and 20 subthemes. The 7 themes were difficulties in pandemic communication, difficulties caused by the "infodemic," difficulties in partnerships within or outside of public health, difficulties in community engagement, difficulties in effective communication, burnout among communicators, and the need to train communication specialists and establish a permanent organization specializing in communication.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review identified the gaps between existing crisis communication guidelines and real-world crisis communication in the digital environment and clarified the difficulties and needs that arose from these gaps. Crisis communication strategies and guidelines should be updated with reference to the themes revealed in this review to effectively respond to subsequent public health crises.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42024528975; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=528975.<br><br>RR2-10.2196/58040.}, }
@article {pmid40085363, year = {2025}, author = {Kring, B and de Faria, L and Ackerman, A and Menon, M and Peluso, F and , }, title = {The Fallout of the COVID-19 Pandemic on College Students.}, journal = {Current psychiatry reports}, volume = {27}, number = {4}, pages = {155-160}, pmid = {40085363}, issn = {1535-1645}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/psychology ; *Students/psychology ; Universities ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mental Health ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We examine the deleterious effects on emotional development and mental health of college students wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the era of climate change, political polarization, and global pandemics, some students are likely exposed to public disasters either on campus or at home at any given time.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The worsening incidence and severity of mental health symptoms foreshadowed a youth mental health crisis of unanticipated proportions. Post disaster, the treatment of physical illness typically takes precedence to the exclusion of preventive mental health measures. Even though the mental health effects of mass trauma are more pervasive and last longer than physical symptoms, mental health experts did not have a prominent place at the table of the COVID-19 response teams beyond their traditional role in the care of individual students. We conclude with a review of best practices for psychological first aid, and highlight the need for disaster response training for psychiatrists.}, }
@article {pmid40084919, year = {2025}, author = {Baalbaki, N and Slob, EMA and Kazer, SW and I Abdel-Aziz, M and Bogaard, HJ and Golebski, K and Maitland-van der Zee, AH}, title = {The Omics Landscape of Long COVID-A Comprehensive Systematic Review to Advance Biomarker, Target and Drug Discovery.}, journal = {Allergy}, volume = {80}, number = {4}, pages = {932-948}, pmid = {40084919}, issn = {1398-9995}, support = {//Health~Holland/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism/genetics ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Metabolomics ; *Drug Discovery ; Genomics ; Proteomics ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; }, abstract = {An estimated 10% of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors suffer from persisting symptoms referred to as long COVID (LC), a condition for which approved treatment options are still lacking. This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42024499281) aimed to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying LC and potential treatable traits across symptom-based phenotypes. We included studies with primary data, written in English, focusing on omics analyses of human samples from LC patients with persistent symptoms of at least 3 months. Our search in PubMed and Embase, conducted on January 8, 2024, identified 642 studies, of which 29 met the inclusion criteria after full-text assessment. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool. The synthesis of omics data, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics, revealed common findings associated with fatigue, cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, and gastrointestinal phenotypes. Key findings included mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated microRNAs associated with pulmonary dysfunction, tissue impairment, blood-brain barrier disruption, coagulopathy, vascular dysfunction, microbiome disturbances, microbial-derived metabolite production and persistent inflammation. Limitations include cross-study heterogeneity and variability in sampling methods. Our review emphasizes the complexity of LC and the need for further longitudinal omics-integrated studies to advance the development of biomarkers and targeted treatments.}, }
@article {pmid40084420, year = {2025}, author = {Vukovikj, M and Melidou, A and Nannapaneni, P and Normark, T and Kraus, A and Broberg, EK}, title = {Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variant mutations on susceptibility to monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs: a non-systematic review, April 2022 to October 2024.}, journal = {Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin}, volume = {30}, number = {10}, pages = {}, pmid = {40084420}, issn = {1560-7917}, mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; *Mutation ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19/virology ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; }, abstract = {BackgroundMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antiviral drugs have emerged as additional tools for treatment of COVID-19.AimWe aimed to review data on susceptibility of 14 SARS-CoV-2 variants to mAbs and antiviral drugs authorised in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries.MethodsWe constructed a literature review compiling 298 publications from four databases: PubMed, Science Direct, LitCovid and BioRxiv/MedRxiv preprint servers. We included publications on nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, remdesivir and tixagevimab and cilgavimab, regdanvimab, casirivimab and imdevimab, and sotrovimab approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) by 1 October 2024.ResultsThe mutations identified in the open reading frame (ORF)1ab, specifically nsp5:H172Y, nsp5:H172Y and Q189E, nsp5:L50F and E166V and nsp5:L50F, E166A and L167V, led to a decrease in susceptibility to nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, ranging from moderate (25-99) to high reductions (> 100). Casirivimab and imdevimab exhibited highly reduced neutralisation capacity across all Omicron sub-lineages. Sub-lineages BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 had decreased susceptibility to regdanvimab, while sotrovimab showed decreased efficacy for BA.2, BA.4, BQ.1.1 and BA.2.86. Tixagevimab and cilgavimab exhibited highly reduced neutralisation activity against BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB, XBB.1.5 and BA.2.86 sub-lineages.ConclusionsThe emergence of new variants, some with altered antigenic characteristics, may lead to resistance against mAbs and/or antiviral drugs and evasion of immunity induced naturally or by vaccination. This summary of mutations, combination of mutations and SARS-CoV-2 variants linked to reduced susceptibility to mAbs and antiviral drugs, should aid the selection of appropriate treatment strategies and/or phasing out therapies that have lost their effectiveness.}, }
@article {pmid40084266, year = {2025}, author = {Eisinger, GJ and Hosler, Q and Crouser, ED and Herman, DD}, title = {Diagnostic Performance of Monocyte Distribution Width for the Detection of Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {100073}, pmid = {40084266}, issn = {2688-1152}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To aggregate literature on the diagnostic performance of monocyte distribution width (MDW) for sepsis detection among adults in the emergency department and inpatient settings.<br><br>METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases for studies evaluating MDW for sepsis diagnosis in adults in the hospital setting through October 19, 2024. Two authors (G.E. and Q.H.) independently performed eligibility assessment, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. We evaluated performance for sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 separately and applied separate diagnostic thresholds depending on the anticoagulant used in blood collection. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. We performed multiple sensitivity analyses to evaluate the stability of our findings.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-five observational studies comprising 39,041 patients were included. The area under the summary receiver operating curve (AUC) was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.78-0.85) for both sepsis-2 and sepsis-3. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.74-0.83) and 0.7 (95% CI, 0.61-0.78) for sepsis-2 and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.78-0.88) and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.55-0.71) for sepsis-3. The threshold-independent weighted-average AUC was 0.76 (SD, 0.1) for sepsis-2 and 0.77 (SD, 0.07) for sepsis-3. The aggregate negative predictive value was 94% for sepsis-2 and 96% for sepsis-3. We observed similar performance across all sensitivity analyses. We assessed the overall quality of evidence to be low.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: MDW performs similarly to other biomarkers such as procalcitonin for the diagnosis of sepsis, with the unique advantage of rapid availability as part of routine testing.}, }
@article {pmid40084099, year = {2025}, author = {Bibas, M and Sarosiek, S and Castillo, JJ}, title = {Waldenström Macroglobulinemia - A State-of-the-Art Review: Part 2- Focus on Therapy.}, journal = {Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e2025015}, pmid = {40084099}, issn = {2035-3006}, abstract = {UNLABELLED: The diagnosis and treatment of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) are the subjects of this two-part review, which aims to provide current and thorough knowledge of these topics. The first portion of the study, previously published, investigated the epidemiology, etiology, clinicopathological aspects, differential diagnosis, prognostic factors, and impact on WM-specific groups. Specifically, this second section examines both the standard consolidated method and the new therapeutic strategy to handle the complex topic of the treatment of WM.<br><br>KEY POINTS: WM has no cure, but therapies can improve survival. Treatment for WM/LPL patients should be initiated when they exhibit symptoms, and the IgM level should not determine WM treatment.Current guidelines suggest various initial personalized therapy treatments, typically chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) or BTK inhibitors (BTKi).Patients with WM can be put into three groups based on their MYD88 and CXCR4 mutational status: those with MYD88 mutations but no CXCR4 mutations (MYD88MUT/CXCR4WT), those with both MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations (MYD88MUT/CXCR4MUT) and those who do not have both MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations (MYD88WT/CXCR4WT).The objective of treatment is to alleviate symptoms and mitigate the risk of organ impairment.The timing of response evaluations, including BM, should be established on a case-by-case basis, informed by clinical and laboratory assessments.Patients with relapsed/refractory WM following chemotherapy and covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors may choose non-covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, novel anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, BCL-2 inhibitors, or more intensive chemotherapy regimens.Patients who are younger and healthier and have not responded to both CIT and BTKi may be good candidates for an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT).Second-generation anti-CD19 CAR T cells exhibit anti-WM activity in both in vitro and in vivo settings.From 2.4% to 11% of patients with WM undergo histological transformation, predominantly to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The median duration between diagnosis and transformation is 4.6 years.WM patients have a higher risk of secondary cancers.HSV and HZV prophylaxis may be beneficial for patients needing extensive treatment. Screening for Hepatitis B is necessary. Pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis is highly recommended. SARS-CoV- 2 and seasonal flu vaccines should be available to all WM patients.}, }
@article {pmid40083991, year = {2025}, author = {Herdiana, Y}, title = {Nanoparticles of natural product-derived medicines: Beyond the pandemic.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {e42739}, pmid = {40083991}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {This review explores the synergistic potential of natural products and nanotechnology for viral infections, highlighting key antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties to combat pandemics caused by highly infectious viruses. These pandemics often result in severe public health crises, particularly affecting vulnerable populations due to respiratory complications and increased mortality rates. A cytokine storm is initiated when an overload of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines is released, leading to a systemic inflammatory response. Viral mutations and the limited availability of effective drugs, vaccines, and therapies contribute to the continuous transmission of the virus. The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has sparked renewed interest in natural product-derived antivirals. The efficacy of traditional medicines against pandemic viral infections is examined. Their antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties are highlighted. This review discusses how nanotechnology enhances the efficacy of herbal medicines in combating viral infections.}, }
@article {pmid40083769, year = {2025}, author = {Guimarães de Araujo Faria, M and da Silva Freitas Venâncio, CG and Carvalho Pacheco, F and Ferreira Koopmans, F and Valadão Vasconcelos Alves, L and Maia Valente, P}, title = {Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of university teachers and students: a scoping review.}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1428707}, pmid = {40083769}, issn = {1664-1078}, }
@article {pmid40083673, year = {2025}, author = {Kalantari, Y and Mirahmadi, SMS and Alilou, S and Sadeghi, S and Aryanian, Z and Jafarzadeh, A and Goodarzi, A}, title = {A Systematic Review of Vascular Injuries: A Review of Petechiae, Purpura, and Ecchymosis in Critical Situations Following COVID-19 Vaccination.}, journal = {Health science reports}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {e70503}, pmid = {40083673}, issn = {2398-8835}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Vascular injuries characterized by petechiae, purpura, and ecchymosis have been reported as potential adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination. This study aims to identify the characteristics of patients experiencing vascular injuries postvaccination and to outline key clinical considerations.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases was performed for English-language publications up to July 2024. Eligible studies included reports of vascular injuries following COVID-19 vaccination.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 1064 articles retrieved, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of cases presented symptoms after receiving the first doses of Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and Janssen vaccines. Diagnosed conditions included thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), vasculitis, and acquired hemophilia A. None of the patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of diagnosis. The most commonly affected sites were the lower extremities, with petechiae, purpura, and ecchymosis being the predominant manifestations.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a possible but unconfirmed association between COVID-19 vaccination and the development of vascular injuries, including petechiae, purpura, and ecchymosis. These symptoms may serve as early indicators of critical conditions requiring urgent medical intervention. Further research and postvaccination monitoring are necessary to establish causality and assess potential risk factors.}, }
@article {pmid40083441, year = {2025}, author = {Chidebe, RCW and Osayi, A and Torode, JS}, title = {The Global Fund, Cervical Cancer, and HPV infections: what can low- and middle-income countries do to accelerate progress by 2030?.}, journal = {EClinicalMedicine}, volume = {81}, number = {}, pages = {103127}, pmid = {40083441}, issn = {2589-5370}, abstract = {UNLABELLED: The footprint of cervical cancer mirrors the impact of global inequity and inequality on the right to health for girls and women. While today, cervical cancer is a relatively rare cause of death in Europe, North America, and Australia, almost 94% of deaths in 2022 occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Governments adopted the WHO global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer. Still, the stark reality is that many countries may not reach the 90:70:90 targets by 2030 without political commitment and a sense of urgency. We call for enhanced advocacy for the right to prevention services and political actions to mobilise global funding, local philanthropic support, and innovative financing. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an African coalition raised over $20 million to mitigate the impact of the pandemic. Positive lessons from this response should be replicated to save millions of women and girls at risk of cervical cancer in LMICs. There is a need for a global fund for cancer; regional blocs like the African Union need to recognise the disproportionate burden and establish continental funding mechanisms to enable high-burden countries to make crucial upfront health systems investments that will put their countries on the pathway to cervical cancer elimination.<br><br>FUNDING: This study was not funded.}, }
@article {pmid40083357, year = {2025}, author = {Oringanje, CM and Oparah, SK and Oringanje, C and Meremikwu, CM and Olatunji, D and Uzuta, AA and Ochu, CL}, title = {Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for surface cleaning of COVID-19 in healthcare settings: A review.}, journal = {Journal of public health in Africa}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {572}, pmid = {40083357}, issn = {2038-9922}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic led to the implementation of additional infection prevention and control (IPC) measures. In healthcare settings, the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections remains high for patients, healthcare workers, and visitors. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) has been explored as a potential alternative for surface disinfection within healthcare facilities and hospitals.<br><br>AIM: This study evaluates the effectiveness of UVGI as a surface cleaning method for COVID-19.<br><br>SETTING: Healthcare settings.<br><br>METHOD: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched from 01 January 2020 to 31 August 2022, included Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), with no language restrictions. Two independent researchers screened and extracted data. Proportions and relative risk were calculated, and the evidence quality was assessed using the GRADE approach.<br><br>RESULTS: Three studies were included, all focusing on terminal disinfection of patient rooms. None directly assessed the effect of UVGI on hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections. One study found UVGI reduced viral contamination post-regular cleaning in healthcare settings (RR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.02-3.31). Other studies reported complete viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) clearance after 15 min of irradiation at 254 nm and 15 s at 222 nm, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The evidence on UVGI reducing SARS-CoV-2 contamination on surfaces is of very low certainty.<br><br>CONTRIBUTION: The very low certainty prevents a definitive conclusion on its effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 in healthcare settings. Further research is needed to strengthen the evidence base.}, }
@article {pmid40083356, year = {2025}, author = {Nwankwo, ONO and Meremikwu, AN and Okebe, EC and Otonkue, MA and Okebalama, HN and Dunn, K and Hamilton-Hurwitz, H and Baller, A}, title = {Factors shaping cleaning and disinfection practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative evidence synthesis.}, journal = {Journal of public health in Africa}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {624}, pmid = {40083356}, issn = {2038-9922}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cleaning and disinfection of the physical environment is important as it can reduce the transmission of microorganisms. However, adherence to cleaning and disinfection protocols varies due to factors such as personal factors and external influences like resource availability, workload, and institutional support.<br><br>AIM: To synthesise factors influencing the uptake of cleaning and disinfection interventions in healthcare and community setting in the context of COVID-19.<br><br>SETTING: These findings as seen in any country irrespective of setting.<br><br>METHOD: Medline and World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 Research databases were searched from January 2020 to September 2022. The search identified 1618 studies, and analysis was performed using the thematic synthesis approach. The confidence in each review finding was ascertained using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) approach.<br><br>RESULTS: Six analytical themes were identified. Cleaning and disinfection were seen as a cornerstone of patient care. Individual judgement, historic standards, norms and practices, ability to implement rapid practice guideline change and resource considerations were seen to influence the uptake of cleaning.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There is a need for further qualitative studies in these areas, especially looking at the different interventions from an equity lens. Resource needs and availability were key factors influencing the uptake of cleaning and disinfection in both communities and health facilities.<br><br>CONTRIBUTION: This review shows important considerations for implementing infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions in the context of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40083355, year = {2025}, author = {Okebe, J and Ewa, A and Aquaisua, E and Ikpi, OA and Olughu, E and Chukwuemelie, EC and Oringanje, C and Okwor, T and Meremikwu, M}, title = {Disinfection methods for preventing COVID-19 infections in healthcare settings: A rapid review.}, journal = {Journal of public health in Africa}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {588}, pmid = {40083355}, issn = {2038-9922}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Disinfectant sprays and wipes reduce the risk of infection from contaminated surfaces and materials in healthcare facilities. To support guideline updates, evidence on surface disinfection against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are needed.<br><br>AIM: This study aims to compare the effect of disinfection by spraying or wiping on the risk of human infections in healthcare facilities providing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) services.<br><br>SETTING: Healthcare settings providing care for patients with COVID-19 or where exposure risk to COVID-19 is high.<br><br>METHOD: We searched the Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Cochrane Database of systematic review; PubMed, EMBASE and EPOC databases from 01 January 2020 to 31 August 2022. Results were screened for eligibility, the risk of bias in included studies assessed, and the certainty of evidence defined using GRADE[&#xae;].<br><br>RESULTS: Three observational studies were included. Two studies reporting proportion of surfaces with residual contamination, showed contrasting results with spraying more effective (0%, [n = 0/39] vs. 25.6% [n = 23/90]) in one study but less effective (25.0% [n = 12/48] vs. 48.2% [n = 13/27]) in the other. The third study reported higher reductions from wiping (88.0%) compared to spraying (15.1%). The risk of bias ranged from moderate to serious and the certainty of the evidence was very low. No study reported a direct effect on the risk of infection in humans.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Both spraying and wiping methods may protect against SARS-CoV-2 infections indirectly by reducing residual surface contamination.<br><br>CONTRIBUTION: The use of both methods of disinfection in cleaning protocols indirectly reduces residual surface contamination.}, }
@article {pmid40083354, year = {2025}, author = {Effa, EE and Ita, O and Mwankon, J and Siyanbade, F and Iwomi, F and Ochodo, E and Villanueva, G and Meremikwu, MM}, title = {Post-exposure testing at healthcare facilities with SARS-CoV-2 transmission: A rapid review.}, journal = {Journal of public health in Africa}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {623}, pmid = {40083354}, issn = {2038-9922}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Post-exposure severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing following health facility outbreaks may control the spread of infection.<br><br>AIM: This study aimed to assess the impact of testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection on health outcomes during healthcare facility outbreaks.<br><br>SETTING: This review included studies conducted at skilled nursing facilities, a cancer centre, and a geriatric psychiatric facility.<br><br>METHODS: We followed the methods for conducting rapid systematic reviews, searched databases from December 2019 to August 2022, assessed the risk of bias using the modified Newcastle Ottawa scale, and graded the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. We pooled the prevalence, mortality, and hospitalisation results as appropriate.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 3055 articles from database search, no study was eligible for inclusion as outlined in the protocol. However, eight non-comparative reports (case series) in skilled nursing facilities were included. The pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among residents of care homes and patients were 38% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 25% - 51%; 5 studies, 2044 participants; I [2] = 94%, very low certainty evidence) and was 12% (95% CI = 6% - 19%; 5 studies, 2312 participants; I [2] = 94%, very low certainty evidence) for exposed healthcare workers. The pooled mortality estimate and hospitalisation rate were 17% and 24%, respectively, (very low certainty evidence).<br><br>CONCLUSION: There is no identified evidence for or against testing of people in healthcare facilities where there is ongoing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection.<br><br>CONTRIBUTION: The evaluation of the effectiveness of testing strategies during SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks need baseline and follow-up data from well-designed before and after studies appropriate for the setting.}, }
@article {pmid40083288, year = {2025}, author = {Zhou, J and Rao, R and Shapiro, ME and Tania, N and Herron, C and Musante, CJ and Hughes, JH}, title = {Model-Informed Drug Development Applications and Opportunities in mRNA-LNP Therapeutics.}, journal = {Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/cpt.3641}, pmid = {40083288}, issn = {1532-6535}, abstract = {The utilization of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) for encapsulating mRNA has revolutionized the field of therapeutics, enabling the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines and cancer vaccines. However, the clinical development of mRNA-LNP therapeutics faces numerous challenges due to their complex mechanisms of action and limited clinical experience. To overcome these hurdles, Model-Informed Drug Development (MIDD) emerges as a valuable tool that can be applied to mRNA-LNP therapeutics, facilitating the evaluation of their safety and efficacy through the integration of data from all stages into appropriate modeling and simulation techniques. In this review, we provide an overview of current MIDD applications in mRNA-LNP therapeutics clinical development using in vivo data. A variety of modeling methods are reviewed, including quantitative system pharmacology (QSP), physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK), mechanistic pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), population PK/PD, and model-based meta-analysis (MBMA). Additionally, we compare the differences between mRNA-based therapeutics, small interfering RNA, and adeno-associated virus-based gene therapies in terms of their clinical pharmacology, and discuss the potential for mutual sharing of MIDD knowledge between these therapeutics. Furthermore, we highlight the promising future opportunities for applying MIDD approaches in the development of mRNA-LNP drugs. By emphasizing the importance of applying MIDD knowledge throughout mRNA-LNP therapeutics development, this review aims to encourage stakeholders to recognize the value of MIDD and its potential to enhance the safety and efficacy evaluation of mRNA-LNP therapeutics.}, }
@article {pmid40083165, year = {2025}, author = {Li, S and Dai, B and Hou, Y and Zhang, L and Liu, J and Hou, H and Song, D and Wang, S and Li, X and Zhao, H and Wang, W and Kang, J and Tan, W}, title = {Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.}, journal = {Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease}, volume = {19}, number = {}, pages = {17534666251323482}, pmid = {40083165}, issn = {1753-4666}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/rehabilitation/physiopathology ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *Quality of Life ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Lung/physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Exercise Tolerance ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Recovery of Function ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has demonstrated efficacy in managing long COVID-19, underscoring the need to refine and tailor PR strategies for optimal patient outcomes.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of PR on patients with long COVID-19 and to compare the efficacy of different types and durations of PR interventions.<br><br>DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis.<br><br>DATA SOURCES AND METHODS: We systematically searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the effectiveness of PR in long COVID-19 patients published before April 2024. The primary outcomes were physical capacity assessed by the 6-minute walking test (6MWT), lung function measured by forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and fatigue. Secondary outcomes were thirty-second sit-to-stand test (30STST), handgrip strength tests, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), dyspnea, depression, anxiety, perceived effort, and adverse events.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 37 studies with 3363 patients were included. Compared to controls, PR improved physical capacity (6MWT, 30STST, handgrip), lung function (FEV1, FVC, MIP, MEP), HRQoL, fatigue, dyspnea, and anxiety but did not reach statistical significance for depression. Subgroup analyses of PR duration indicated that programs of &#x2a7d;4 weeks improved 6MWT; those between 4 and 8 weeks significantly improved 6MWT, lung function (FEV1, FVC), HRQoL, and reduced fatigue; and programs over 8 weeks improved HRQoL and reduced fatigue. Exercise type analysis revealed that breathing exercises improved 6MWT, lung function (FEV1, FVC), and HRQoL; multicomponent exercises enhanced 6MWT performance and reduced fatigue; the combination of both types improved 6MWT, FEV1 (L), FVC (%pred), HRQoL, and reduced fatigue.<br><br>CONCLUSION: PR improves physical capacity, lung function, and quality of life and alleviates dyspnea, fatigue, and anxiety in long COVID-19 patients. A 4- to 8-week PR program and a combination of both breath exercises and multicomponent training is most effective for managing long-term COVID-19 syndromes.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO ID: CRD42024455008.}, }
@article {pmid40082759, year = {2025}, author = {Shahrebabak, AG and Rezaei, M and Shahpar, A and Nezhad, NZ and Sarasyabi, MS and Nakhaie, M and Shahrebabak, MG and Bahri, RA}, title = {The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in cystic fibrosis patients: a systematic review.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {358}, pmid = {40082759}, issn = {1471-2334}, mesh = {Humans ; *Cystic Fibrosis/complications/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccination ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Lung Transplantation/adverse effects ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Adult ; }, abstract = {This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). A systematic search of major databases conducted between December 2019 and January 2024 identified eight cohort studies comprising 1,361 CF patients. Studies without subgroup analyses specific to CF patients were excluded, which may have limited the generalizability of findings, particularly for CF lung transplant recipients. COVID-19 vaccines generally induced robust serological responses following the second and third doses, although reduced antibody levels were observed in lung transplant recipients. Factors influencing humoral response included prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, age, inhaled corticosteroid use, and immunosuppressive therapy. Vaccination-related adverse events were predominantly mild. Although breakthrough infections were reported, severe COVID-19 outcomes were infrequent among vaccinated CF patients. The evidence supports the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in the CF patients. However, individualized vaccination strategies may be necessary for CF lung transplant recipients and those on immunosuppressive therapies. Further research is essential to optimize vaccination strategies and to identify risk factors associated with breakthrough infections in this high-risk population.}, }
@article {pmid40080850, year = {2025}, author = {Mahony Reategui-Rivera, C and Villarreal-Zegarra, D and Burgos-Flores, M and Rosales-Rimache, J}, title = {Prevalence and Associated Factors of Mental Health Outcomes in Peruvian Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The FRONTLINE Study.}, journal = {Hispanic health care international : the official journal of the National Association of Hispanic Nurses}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {15404153251324638}, doi = {10.1177/15404153251324638}, pmid = {40080850}, issn = {1938-8993}, abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted global health, particularly the mental health of healthcare workers in low-resource countries like Peru. Aim: To determine the prevalence of depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms among health workers in Peru throughout the COVID-19 pandemic between December 2021 and August 2022. Methodology: Cross-sectional study on health workers (physicians, nurses, midwives, medical technologists, and healthcare technicians) from Peru selected by non-probabilistic sampling adjusted by post-stratification weights and the Raking method. We evaluate depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms with Patient Health Questionnaire 9, General Anxiety Disorder 7, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5. Results: We evaluated 2,122 participants, of which 72% were women, and the average age was 38 years. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 18.6% (95%CI 16.6%-20.8%), anxious symptoms were 12.2% (95%CI 10.6%-13.9%), and post-traumatic stress symptoms were 9.3% (95%CI 7.9%-10.9%). Age, sex, and type of health facility were associated with anxiety and depression symptoms, and for post-traumatic stress symptoms, age, and marital status. Conclusion: Our study provides more updated evidence on the mental health situation of healthcare workers. It reveals a significant proportion of workers with evidence of depressive, anxious, or post-traumatic stress problems.}, }
@article {pmid40080187, year = {2025}, author = {Dos Reis Guilherme, R and Belangero, WD and Pires, RES and Giordano, V}, title = {Will patient data collection methods change after a pandemic? A systematic review of the strengths, challenges and opportunities of this new scenario.}, journal = {European journal of orthopaedic surgery &amp; traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {113}, pmid = {40080187}, issn = {1432-1068}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Data Collection/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Interviews as Topic/methods ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: The evolution of survey methods in clinical research has been significantly shaped by technological advances and the global upheaval caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. The use of traditional face-to-face interviews has been augmented, and in some cases replaced, by a range of remote interviewing techniques. This shift requires a comprehensive examination of the unique advantages, limitations, and future applications of these methods.<br><br>METHODS: This study employs a systematic literature review, guided by PRISMA and Pati's criteria, to examine the nuances of face-to-face, remote, and mixed method interviewing.<br><br>RESULTS: From an initial corpus of 2802 articles, 2632 were deemed relevant after applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selection was then refined to 44 articles, which were then subjected to careful analysis. The results are presented as Social Visual Analysis graphs to explicit the relationship between methodologies (each interview technique) and its characteristics.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings reveal the unique advantages and challenges associated with each interview technique, underscoring the complexity of selecting the most appropriate data collection method for clinical research. In particular, remote interviews are praised for their convenience and high acceptance rates, although they occasionally exhibit lower data quality and potential biases. Mixed-media approaches are emerging as a versatile solution, combining the benefits of different methods to provide a more flexible and comprehensive data collection process.}, }
@article {pmid40080079, year = {2025}, author = {Li, D and Long, F and Zhang, S and Yu, B}, title = {Mechanisms and treatment progress of neurological diseases of COVID and L-C19 in children.}, journal = {Physiology international}, volume = {112}, number = {1}, pages = {12-32}, doi = {10.1556/2060.2025.00484}, pmid = {40080079}, issn = {2498-602X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/therapy ; Child ; *Nervous System Diseases/therapy/virology ; *Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the respiratory system, there is evidence that it can also infect the central nervous system, especially in children, leading to neurological symptoms and long-term consequences. It is imperative to summarize the possible mechanisms, main symptoms, and treatments of neurological symptoms of COVID-19 in children.<br><br>METHODS: We performed a literature search using the PubMed online database to find studies investigating the mechanisms of COVID-19 infection of the central nervous system and therapies for COVID-19 neurological symptoms in children.<br><br>RESULTS: The main mechanisms of action of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the nervous system are direct invasion, systemic inflammation and molecular mimicry. Although the incidence of adverse reactions to intravenous IgG therapy (IVIG) varies greatly and the contraindications are not yet clear, IVIG has been shown to be clearly effective for the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 in children.<br><br>CONCLUSION: However, due to insufficient data, more clinical studies are still needed to confirm its safety and efficacy, further improve the treatment plan, and determine the appropriate dosage to better serve clinical practice.<br><br>SIGNIFICANCE: The specific regimen of IVIG treatment for COVID-19 in children was explored, which further improved the understanding of COVID-19 and L-C19 neurological diseases in children.}, }
@article {pmid40079963, year = {2025}, author = {Rudolph, AE and Al Akoury, N and Bogdanenko, N and Markus, K and Whittle, I and Wright, O and Haridy, H and Spinardi, JR and McLaughlin, JM and Kyaw, MH}, title = {Factors affecting the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on post COVID-19 conditions among adults: A systematic literature review.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {2474772}, pmid = {40079963}, issn = {2164-554X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccine Efficacy ; Adult ; }, abstract = {This systematic literature review summarizes the evidence across 56 publications and pre-prints (January 2020-July 2023) with low-risk of bias based on JBI critical appraisal, that report adjusted estimates for the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) by timing of vaccination relative to infection or PCC-onset. Comparisons of adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) against ≥1 PCC (vs. unvaccinated) across study characteristics known to impact PCC burden or VE against other COVID-19 endpoints were possible for 31 studies where vaccination preceded infection. Seventy-seven percent of pre-infection aVE estimates were statistically significant (range: 7%-95%). Statistically significant pre-infection aVE estimates were slightly higher for mRNA (range: 14%-84%) than non-mRNA vaccines (range: 16%-38%) and aVE ranges before and during Omicron overlapped. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccination before SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces the risk of PCC regardless of vaccine type, number of doses received, PCC definition, predominant variant, and severity of acute infections included.}, }
@article {pmid40079461, year = {2025}, author = {Ju, X and Li, J and Huang, H and Qing, Y and Sandeep, B}, title = {A meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of immunomodulators in the treatment of severe COVID-19.}, journal = {The Journal of international medical research}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {3000605251317462}, pmid = {40079461}, issn = {1473-2300}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/mortality/virology ; Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Treatment Outcome ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Immunomodulating Agents/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Hospital Mortality ; }, abstract = {ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of immunomodulators in the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsA literature search for the meta-analysis was performed using PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang Data, CNKI, and Web of Science to identify randomized controlled trials assessing the outcomes of patients treated with corticosteroids alone and/or interleukin-6 receptor antagonists for COVID-19. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane method. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registry number: CRD42022356904).ResultsCompared with patients receiving standard of care, patients treated with corticosteroids alone had an increased risk of 14-day in-hospital death, whereas those treated with interleukin-6 receptor antagonists alone or in combination with corticosteroids had a lower risk of 14-day in-hospital death. Corticosteroid therapy alone was associated with increased risk of several adverse events, including intensive care unit admission and non-invasive ventilation, whereas interleukin-6 receptor antagonists alone or in combination with corticosteroids were not linked to adverse effects.ConclusionsThe findings supported the safety and efficacy of interleukin-6 receptor antagonists, either alone or together with corticosteroids, in patients with severe COVID-19; evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids monotherapy is lacking.}, }
@article {pmid40079080, year = {2025}, author = {Ou, L and Shen, Q and Xiao, M and Wang, W and He, T and Wang, B}, title = {Prevalence of co-morbid anxiety and depression in pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Psychological medicine}, volume = {55}, number = {}, pages = {e84}, doi = {10.1017/S0033291725000601}, pmid = {40079080}, issn = {1469-8978}, mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Prevalence ; *Comorbidity ; *Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology/psychology ; *Depression, Postpartum/epidemiology ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Depression/epidemiology ; Postpartum Period/psychology ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; }, abstract = {The prevalence of co-morbid anxiety and depression varies greatly between research studies, making it difficult to understand and estimate the magnitude of this problem. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to provide up-to-date information on the global prevalence of co-morbid anxiety and depression in pregnant and postpartum women and to further investigate the sources of heterogeneity. Systematic searches of eight electronic databases were conducted for original studies published from inception to December 10, 2024. We selected studies that directly reported prevalence data on co-morbid anxiety and depression during the perinatal periods. We extracted data from published study reports and calculated the pooled prevalence of symptoms of co-morbid anxiety and depression. There are 122 articles involving 560,736 women from 43 different countries included in this review. The global prevalence of co-morbid anxiety and depression during the perinatal period was about 9% (95%CI 8%-10%), with approximately 9% (95%CI 8%-11%) in pregnant women and 8% (95%CI 7%-10%) in postpartum women. Prevalence varied significantly by the assessment time points, study country, study design, and the assessment tool used for anxiety and depression, while prevalence was not dependent on publication year, country income level, and COVID-19 context. No publication bias was observed for this prevalence rate. These findings suggest that approximately 1 in 10 women experience co-morbid anxiety and depression during pregnancy and postpartum. Targeted action is needed to reduce this burden.}, }
@article {pmid40079013, year = {2025}, author = {Dai, J and He, F and Chen, Q and Li, Q and Zhao, L and Du, Y}, title = {Animal models of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a call for longitudinal animal studies.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1521029}, pmid = {40079013}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {*COVID-19/immunology ; Animals ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology/immunology ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology ; }, abstract = {Animal models are indispensable for unraveling the mechanisms underlying post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). This review evaluates recent research on PASC-related perturbations in animal models, drawing comparisons with clinical findings. Despite the limited number of studies on post-COVID conditions, particularly those extending beyond three months, these studies provide valuable insights. Three hallmark features of PASC-lung fibrosis, hyperglycemia, and neurological sequelae-have been successfully replicated in animal models, paving the way for mechanistic discoveries and future medical interventions. Although most studies have reported post-COVID conditions within 14-60 days post-infection, they still offer critical reference for future long-term research. This review also explores potential mechanisms of persisting immune misfiring, a key factor in the chronicity of PASC symptoms. Moreover, challenges in modeling PASC are also discussed, including the limited genetic diversity in inbred animal strains and difficulties in accurately identifying PASC-affected individuals. To address these issues, we propose methodological improvements, such as comparing individual animal parameters with control averages and incorporating genetically diverse populations like collaborative cross models. These strategies will enhance the identification and characterization of PASC endotypes in animal studies. By integrating findings from animal models with clinical manifestations of PASC, future research can provide more valuable insights into its mechanisms and support the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Finally, we emphasize the urgent need for longitudinal studies in animal models to fully uncover the mechanisms driving PASC and guide interventions to mitigate its public health impact.}, }
@article {pmid40078984, year = {2024}, author = {Guo, Y and Gu, K and Garber, PA and Zhang, R and Zhao, Z and Xu, L}, title = {A comparative analysis of influenza and COVID-19: Environmental-ecological impacts, socioeconomic implications, and future challenges.}, journal = {Biosafety and health}, volume = {6}, number = {6}, pages = {369-375}, pmid = {40078984}, issn = {2590-0536}, abstract = {In the last century, global pandemics have been primarily driven by respiratory infections, which consistently rank among the top 20 causes of death worldwide. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the intricate nature of managing multiple health crises simultaneously. In recent years, climate change has emerged as a major biosafety and population health challenge. Global warming and extreme weather events have intensified outbreaks of climate-sensitive infectious diseases, especially respiratory diseases. Influenza and COVID-19 have emerged as two of the most significant respiratory pandemics, each with unique epidemic characteristics and far-reaching consequences. Our comparative analysis reveals that while both diseases exhibit high transmission rates, COVID-19's longer incubation period and higher severity have led to more profound and prolonged socioeconomic disruptions than influenza. Both pandemics have highlighted the exacerbating effects of climate change, with extreme weather events intensifying the spread and impact of these diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in global healthcare systems and economies on an unprecedented scale, outstripping the strain caused by influenza outbreaks. Importantly, the COVID-19 pandemic has not only reshaped global public health strategies but also significantly impacted the epidemiology of influenza. Despite these differences and associations, both diseases underscore the urgent need for robust pandemic preparedness and adaptable public health strategies. This review delineates the overlaps and distinctions between influenza and COVID-19, offering insights into future challenges and the critical steps needed to enhance healthcare system resilience and improve global responses to pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid40078733, year = {2024}, author = {Liu, J and Wong, G and Li, H and Yang, Y and Cao, Y and Li, Y and Wu, Y and Zhang, Z and Jin, C and Wang, X and Chen, Y and Su, B and Wang, Z and Wang, Q and Cao, Y and Chen, G and Qian, Z and Zhao, J and Wu, G}, title = {Biosafety and immunology: An interdisciplinary field for health priority.}, journal = {Biosafety and health}, volume = {6}, number = {5}, pages = {310-318}, pmid = {40078733}, issn = {2590-0536}, abstract = {Biosafety hazards can trigger a host immune response after infection, invasion, or contact with the host. Whether infection with a microorganism results in disease or biosafety concerns depends to a large extent on the immune status of the population. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the immunological characteristics of the host and the mechanisms of biological threats and agents to protect the host more effectively. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, such as the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, have raised concerns regarding both biosafety and immunology worldwide. Interdisciplinary studies involved in biosafety and immunology are relevant in many fields, including the development of vaccines and other immune interventions such as monoclonal antibodies and T-cells, herd immunity (or population-level barrier immunity), immunopathology, and multispecies immunity, i.e., animals and even plants. Meanwhile, advances in immunological science and technology are occurring rapidly, resulting in important research achievements that may contribute to the recognition of emerging biosafety hazards, as well as early warning, prevention, and defense systems. This review provides an overview of the interdisciplinary field of biosafety and immunology. Close collaboration and innovative application of immunology in the field of biosafety is becoming essential for human health.}, }
@article {pmid40078397, year = {2025}, author = {Althobiani, MA and Russell, AM and Jacob, J and Ranjan, Y and Ahmad, R and Folarin, AA and Hurst, JR and Porter, JC}, title = {The role of digital health in respiratory diseases management: a narrative review of recent literature.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1361667}, pmid = {40078397}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {This review provides a detailed overview of how digital health can be utilized in the management of Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). ILD encompasses a diverse range of lung disorders characterized by inflammation and scarring of lung tissue, leading to restrictive lung physiology and impaired gas exchange, with symptoms including progressive dyspnoea, cough, and hypoxia. COPD which ranks as the third leading cause of death globally, is characterized by chronic lung inflammation causing irreversible airflow obstruction, recurrent exacerbations. While recent advances in digital health have shown promise, predicting disease progression in patients with ILD and exacerbation in patients with COPD remains challenging. This review explores the role of digital health in managing ILD and COPD, particularly focusing on telehealth and digital health technologies. Telehealth, defined broadly as the use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies in healthcare, has become increasingly relevant, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review examines the role of digital health technologies in the management of ILD and COPD, with particular focus on telemedicine, and digital health tools. Remote monitoring technologies, including home spirometry and wearable devices, have demonstrated feasibility in managing respiratory diseases. However, challenges such as evidence, data reliability, varying adherence, education, and the high costs of data collection and lack of qualified clinicians present barriers for many national health systems.}, }
@article {pmid40077884, year = {2025}, author = {Casas, K and DiPede, L and Toema, S and Ogwo, C}, title = {Assessing Teledentistry versus In-Person Examinations to Detect Dental Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.}, journal = {JDR clinical and translational research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {23800844251320974}, doi = {10.1177/23800844251320974}, pmid = {40077884}, issn = {2380-0852}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There is no recent consensus on the effectiveness of teledentistry versus in-person examination in the diagnosis of dental caries, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of teledentistry versus in-person examination for dental caries diagnosis (PROSPERO #CRD42023410962).<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effectiveness of teledentistry versus in-person examination for dental caries diagnosis. The eligibility criteria were peer-reviewed studies published in English between January 2013 and December 2021 that reported diagnostic parameters (specificity and sensitivity) for caries detection in primary and permanent dentition. Articles were extracted using search strategies from PubMed and CINAHL databases and screened using PRISMA-DTA guidelines, following a review for quality assessment and risk of bias using the QUADAS-2 and JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists. Meta-analysis was conducted in R using the MADA package. A descriptive analysis of the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and confidence intervals was performed with respective forest plots. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane Q and Higgins's I[2] tests. Univariate measures of diagnostic accuracy were performed based on the DerSimonian-Laird random effect and reported summary diagnostic odds ratios.<br><br>RESULTS: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed and included in the meta-analysis. The diagnostic parameters ranged from 45.6% to 88.3% for sensitivity, 55.2% to 98.3% for specificity, 79% to 92% for positive predictive value, 48% to 97% for negative predictive value, and 70% to 96% for accuracy. The &#x3ba; scores ranged from 0.46 to 0.89 for teledentistry modalities. Tests for equality of sensitivities and specificities were significant (P < 0.001). The studies were not heterogeneous with Cochran's Q: 14.502 (P = 0.206) and Higgins's I[2] of 24%. The multivariable analysis showed a diagnostic odds ratio based on the DerSimonian-Laird random effect of 35.14, which indicates that the odds of caries detection via teledentistry is 35 times more true positive (i.e., correctly identifying a positive condition) than false positive.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of caries via teledentistry is effective and comparable to in-person diagnosis. Remote assessments are consistent in diagnostic accuracy for caries.Knowledge Transfer Statement:This systematic review and meta-analysis added to the evidence about using teledentistry assessment as a diagnostically accurate tool to detect dental caries. Using teledentistry dental practices could promote greater access to dental and oral health care in the absence of in-person assessment.}, }
@article {pmid40077864, year = {2025}, author = {Cilloniz, C and Videla, AJ and Pulido, L and Uy-King, MJ}, title = {Viral community-acquired pneumonia: what's new since COVID-19 emerged?.}, journal = {Expert review of respiratory medicine}, volume = {19}, number = {4}, pages = {347-362}, doi = {10.1080/17476348.2025.2479611}, pmid = {40077864}, issn = {1747-6356}, mesh = {Humans ; *Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology/virology/therapy/diagnosis/immunology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology/immunology/virology/therapy ; *Coinfection/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: All over the world, viral pneumonia has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality, especially among vulnerable populations. The most common respiratory viruses causing pneumonia include influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses and rhinovirus. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the landscape of viral pneumonia and has reshaped our understanding of the role of viruses in this disease. We are now more aware of the importance of early diagnosis, the impact of co-infections, the effects of viral variants, and the long-term consequences of post-viral pneumonia.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: We discuss the latest scientific evidence regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of viral pneumonia. This review summarizes findings from a PubMed search on respiratory viruses in community-acquired pneumonia.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: Our experience during the COVID-19 pandemic has changed our perspective on respiratory viruses and their role in viral pneumonia. Diagnostic advances have been made, co-infections have received greater recognition, immune responses to viral infections are better understood, and approaches to treating viral pneumonia have expanded. Despite this progress, however, research on the impact of respiratory viruses on pneumonia must continue to pursue the development of new antivirals and vaccines, and investigate the long-term sequelae, especially in cases of severe viral pneumonia.}, }
@article {pmid40077853, year = {2025}, author = {Chen, SC and Xu, CT and Chang, CF and Yang, CS and Lin, PH and Liu, WM and Chen, Y and Yu, CH}, title = {Characterization of the binding features between SARS-CoV-2 5'-proximal transcripts of genomic RNA and nucleocapsid proteins.}, journal = {RNA biology}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {1-16}, pmid = {40077853}, issn = {1555-8584}, mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA, Viral/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; *Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; Humans ; *Protein Binding ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Genome, Viral ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; COVID-19/virology ; Binding Sites ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; 5' Untranslated Regions ; Phosphoproteins ; }, abstract = {Packaging signals (PSs) of coronaviruses (CoVs) are specific RNA elements recognized by nucleocapsid (N) proteins that direct the selective packaging of genomic RNAs (gRNAs). These signals have been identified in the coding regions of the nonstructural protein 15 (Nsp 15) in CoVs classified under Embecovirus, a subgenus of betacoronaviruses (beta-CoVs). The PSs in other alpha- and beta-CoVs have been proposed to reside in the 5'-proximal regions of gRNAs, supported by comprehensive phylogenetic evidence. However, experimental data remain limited. In this study, we investigated the interactions between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 5'-proximal gRNA transcripts and N proteins using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). Our findings revealed that the in vitro synthesized 5'-proximal gRNA transcripts of CoVs can shift from a major conformation to alternative conformations. We also observed that the conformer comprising multiple stem-loops (SLs) is preferentially bound by N proteins. Deletions of the 5'-proximal structural elements of CoV gRNA transcripts, SL1 and SL5a/b/c in particular, were found to promote the formation of alternative conformations. Furthermore, we identified RNA-binding peptides from a pool derived from SARS-CoV N protein. These RNA-interacting peptides were shown to preferentially bind to wild-type SL5a RNA. In addition, our observations of N protein condensate formation in vitro demonstrated that liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of N proteins with CoV-5'-UTR transcripts was influenced by the presence of SL5a/b/c. In conclusion, these results collectively reveal previously uncharacterized binding features between the 5'-proximal transcripts of CoV gRNAs and N proteins.}, }
@article {pmid40077121, year = {2025}, author = {Quintana, GR}, title = {The Multifaceted Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Sexual Health, Function, and Behaviors: Implications for Public Health: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40077121}, issn = {2227-9032}, support = {3789-23//Programa de Fortalecimiento de Grupos de Investigaci&#xf3;n UTA 2023/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had a significant impact on sexual health and human behavior, revealing a widespread decline in sexual function and behaviors.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To summarize these findings and highlight their importance for public health, this article discusses the changes observed in sexual function and behavior during the pandemic, as well as potential explanations for these trends.<br><br>METHODS: This study followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, using the keyword search commands: "sexual function" AND ("SARS-CoV-2" OR "COVID-19" OR coronavirus) and "sexual behavior*" AND ("SARS-CoV-2" OR "COVID-19" OR coronavirus) in the Scopus and PubMed databases. The search was conducted on 10 March 2024, including articles published from January 2019 to March 2024. Inclusion criteria required studies focusing on sexual health/function during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, excluding non-English articles and non-adult populations. Studies were screened based on relevance, methodological rigor, and sample size, with data extraction focusing on sexual behavior/function metrics. Results were synthesized to identify trends and propose explanatory models.<br><br>RESULTS: While some individuals experienced reductions in sexual desire and activities, others reported increases, indicating varied individual responses to stressors such as a pandemic. Two hypotheses are presented to explain these changes: terror management theory and the dual control model of sexual response. The critical role of public health in addressing sexual health and well-being needs during a health crisis is discussed, emphasizing the importance of providing clear information, ensuring access to remote sexual health services, and reducing stigma. The need to integrate sexual health into the global response to future health crises is highlighted to ensure a comprehensive approach to human well-being.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review shows the multifaceted impact of the pandemic and social distancing in people's sexual function and behaviors, underscoring the importance of considering sexual health as an integral part of the emergency health planning and response, to promote the physical and mental well-being of the population during crises such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40076806, year = {2025}, author = {Quecchia, C and Vianello, A}, title = {The Therapeutic Potential of Myo-Inositol in Managing Patients with Respiratory Diseases.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40076806}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Humans ; *Inositol/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *COVID-19/complications/metabolism ; *Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy/metabolism ; Asthma/drug therapy/metabolism ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/drug therapy/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Respiratory diseases are major health concerns worldwide. Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are the third leading cause of death worldwide and some of the most common are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, occupational lung diseases, and pulmonary hypertension. Despite having different etiology and characteristics, these diseases share several features, such as a persistent inflammatory state, chronic oxidative stress, impaired mucociliary clearance, and increased alveolar surface tension. CRDs are not curable; however, various forms of treatment, that help restore airway patency and reduce shortness of breath, can improve daily life for people living with these conditions. In this regard myo-inositol may represent a valid therapeutic adjuvant approach due to its properties. Being a redox balancer, an inflammation modulator, and, most importantly, a component of pulmonary surfactant, it may improve lung function and counteract symptoms associated with respiratory diseases, as recently evidenced in patients with COPD, COVID-19, asthma, and bronchiectasis. The aim of this review is to evaluate the potential therapeutic role of myo-inositol supplementation in the management of patients with respiratory diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40076527, year = {2025}, author = {Sun, DS and Lien, TS and Chang, HH}, title = {Virus-Induced Pathogenic Antibodies: Lessons from Long COVID and Dengue Hemorrhage Fever.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40076527}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {104-2320-B-320 -009 -MY3, 107-2311-B-320-002-MY3, 111-2320-B320-006-MY3, 112-2320-B-320-007//National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan/ ; TCMMP104-06, TCMMP108-04, TCMMP 111-01, TCAS111-02, TCAS-112-02, TCAS113-04, TCRD112-033, TCRD113-041//Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Severe Dengue/immunology/virology ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *Dengue Virus/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; *Antibody-Dependent Enhancement/immunology ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Animals ; }, abstract = {Virus-induced antibodies represent a dual-edged sword in the immune response to viral infections. While antibodies are critical for neutralizing pathogens, some can paradoxically exacerbate disease severity through mechanisms such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), autoantibody, and prolonged inflammation. Long coronavirus disease (COVID) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) exemplify conditions where pathogenic antibodies play a pivotal role in disease progression. Long COVID is associated with persistent immune dysregulation and autoantibody production, leading to chronic symptoms and tissue damage. In DHF, pre-existing antibodies against dengue virus contribute to ADE, amplifying viral replication, immune activation, and vascular permeability. This review explores the mechanisms underlying these pathogenic antibody responses, highlighting the shared pathways of immune dysregulation and comparing the distinct features of both conditions. By examining these studies, we identify key lessons for therapeutic strategies, vaccine design, and future research aimed at mitigating the severe outcomes of viral infections.}, }
@article {pmid40076476, year = {2025}, author = {Sepúlveda-Delgado, J and Llorente, L and Hernández-Doño, S}, title = {A Comprehensive Review of Fc Gamma Receptors and Their Role in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40076476}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Humans ; *Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology/metabolism ; *Receptors, IgG/metabolism/immunology/genetics ; Animals ; COVID-19/immunology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Receptors for the immunoglobulin G constant fraction (FcγRs) are widely expressed in cells of the immune system. Complement-independent phagocytosis prompted FcγR research to show that the engagement of IgG immune complexes with FcγRs triggers a variety of cell host immune responses, such as phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, and NETosis, among others. However, variants of these receptors have been implicated in the development of and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Currently, the knowledge of FcγR variants is a required field of antibody therapeutics, which includes the engineering of recombinant soluble human Fc gamma receptors, enhancing the inhibitory and blocking the activating FcγRs function, vaccines, and organ transplantation. Importantly, recent interest in FcγRs is the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), a mechanism by which the pathogenesis of certain viral infections is enhanced. ADEs may be responsible for the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, FcγRs have become a current research topic. Therefore, this review briefly describes some of the historical knowledge about the FcγR type I family in humans, including the structure, affinity, and mechanism of ligand binding, FcγRs in diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the potential therapeutic approaches related to these receptors in SLE.}, }
@article {pmid40076268, year = {2025}, author = {Petrov, V and Aleksandrova, T and Pashev, A}, title = {Synthetic Approaches to Novel DPP-IV Inhibitors-A Literature Review.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {30}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40076268}, issn = {1420-3049}, support = {BG-RRP-2.004-0003//European Union-NextGenerationEU, through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria, project &#x2116; BG-RRP-2.004-0003/ ; }, mesh = {*Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/chemistry/pharmacology/chemical synthesis/therapeutic use ; Humans ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/metabolism/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; COVID-19/virology ; }, abstract = {Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a serine protease whose inhibition has been an object of considerable interest in the context of developing novel treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The development of novel DPP-IV inhibitors from natural or synthetic origin has seen a growing scientific interest in recent years, especially during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, when DPP-IV inhibitors were found to be of beneficial therapeutic value for COVID-19 patients. The present manuscript aims to summarize the most recent information on the synthesis of different DPP-IV inhibitors, emphasizing the various heterocyclic scaffolds that can be found in them. Special attention is devoted to DPP-IV inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials. Different synthetic approaches for the construction of DPP-IV inhibitors are discussed, as well as the most recent developments in the field.}, }
@article {pmid40075889, year = {2025}, author = {Lee, R and Kumar, R and Weaver, A and Kim, JH and Raza, A and Ong, J and Waisberg, E and Pandit, R}, title = {Cornea Oculomics: A Clinical Blueprint for Extending Corneal Diagnostics and Artificial Intelligence in Systemic Health Insights.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40075889}, issn = {2075-4418}, abstract = {Oculomics is an emerging field that leverages ophthalmic imaging data to identify biomarkers of systemic disease, facilitating early diagnosis and risk stratification. Despite its growing recognition, gaps remain in the literature regarding the clinical applications of oculomics. Various systemic diseases-including metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes mellitus), infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19), neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., dementia), hematologic disorders (e.g., thalassemia), autoimmune conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), and genetic syndromes (e.g., Fabry disease)-exhibit ocular manifestations detectable through in vivo confocal microscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography, among other imaging modalities. Increasing evidence supports the role of corneal imaging in identifying systemic disease biomarkers, a process further enhanced by artificial intelligence-driven analyses. This review synthesizes the current findings on corneal biomarkers of systemic disease, their ophthalmic imaging correlates, and the expanding role of corneal oculomics in translational medicine. Additionally, we explore future directions for integrating oculomics into clinical practice and biomedical research.}, }
@article {pmid40075519, year = {2025}, author = {Leong, KY and Tham, SK and Poh, CL}, title = {Revolutionizing immunization: a comprehensive review of mRNA vaccine technology and applications.}, journal = {Virology journal}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {71}, pmid = {40075519}, issn = {1743-422X}, mesh = {Humans ; *mRNA Vaccines ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; *Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; Vaccine Development/methods ; Immunization/methods ; Animals ; Liposomes ; }, abstract = {Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as a transformative platform in modern vaccinology. mRNA vaccine is a powerful alternative to traditional vaccines due to their high potency, safety, and efficacy, coupled with the ability for rapid clinical development, scalability and cost-effectiveness in manufacturing. Initially conceptualized in the 1970s, the first study about the effectiveness of a mRNA vaccine against influenza was conducted in 1993. Since then, the development of mRNA vaccines has rapidly gained significance, especially in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Their unprecedented success during the COVID-19 pandemic, as demonstrated by the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, highlighted their transformative potential. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the mRNA vaccine technology, detailing the structure of the mRNA vaccine and its mechanism of action in inducing immunity. Advancements in nanotechnology, particularly lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as delivery vehicles, have revolutionized the field. The manufacturing processes, including upstream production, downstream purification, and formulation are also reviewed. The clinical progress of mRNA vaccines targeting viruses causing infectious diseases is discussed, emphasizing their versatility and therapeutic potential. Despite their success, the mRNA vaccine platform faces several challenges, including improved stability to reduce dependence on cold chain logistics in transport, enhanced delivery mechanisms to target specific tissues or cells, and addressing the risk of rare adverse events. High costs associated with encapsulation in LNPs and the potential for unequal global access further complicate their widespread adoption. As the world continues to confront emerging viral threats, overcoming these challenges will be essential to fully harness the potential of mRNA vaccines. It is anticipated that mRNA vaccines will play a major role in defining and shaping the future of global health.}, }
@article {pmid40075382, year = {2025}, author = {Weigel, B and Inderyas, M and Eaton-Fitch, N and Thapaliya, K and Marshall-Gradisnik, S}, title = {Health-related quality of life in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Post COVID-19 Condition: a systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of translational medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {318}, pmid = {40075382}, issn = {1479-5876}, support = {489798//Stafford Fox Medical Research Foundation/ ; 1199502//National Health and Medical Research Council/ ; 47107//Mason Foundation/ ; 49979//McCusker Charitable Foundation/ ; 4676//Buxton Foundation/ ; 4879//Henty Community/ ; 4579//Blake Beckett Trust Foundation/ ; 4570//Alison Hunter Memorial Foundation/ ; 4575//Change for ME Charity/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic ; *Quality of Life ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC) are debilitating, chronic multi-systemic illnesses that require multidisciplinary care. However, people with ME/CFS (pwME/CFS) and people with PCC (pwPCC) are often precluded from accessing necessary disability and social support services. These unmet care needs exacerbate the existing illness burdens experienced by pwME/CFS and pwPCC. To deliver appropriate care and optimise health outcomes for pwME/CFS and pwPCC, the development of evidence-based healthcare policies that recognise the disabling impacts of these illnesses must be prioritised. This systematic review summarises the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of pwME/CFS and pwPCC when compared with healthy controls (HCs) to elucidate the impacts of these illnesses and guide healthcare policy reform.<br><br>METHODS: CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO and the Web of Science Core Collection were systematically searched from 1st January 2003 to 23rd July 2024. Eligible publications included observational studies capturing quantitative HRQoL data among pwME/CFS or pwPCC when compared with HCs. The use of validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) was mandatory. Eligible studies were also required to employ the most stringent diagnostic criteria currently available, including the Canadian Consensus Criteria or International Consensus Criteria for ME/CFS and the World Health Organization case definition for PCC (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024501309).<br><br>RESULTS: This review captured 16 studies, including eight studies among pwME/CFS, seven studies among pwPCC and one study among both illness cohorts. Most participants were female and middle-aged. All pwPCC had experienced prolonged COVID-19 symptoms for at least three months. When compared with HCs, all HRQoL domains were significantly impaired among pwME/CFS and pwPCC. Both illnesses had a salient impact on physical health, including pain and ability to perform daily and work activities. While direct comparisons between pwME/CFS and pwPCC were limited by inconsistencies in the PROMs employed, comparable impact trends across HRQoL domain scores were observed.<br><br>CONCLUSION: ME/CFS and PCC have similar, profound impacts on HRQoL that warrant access to multidisciplinary disability and social support services. Future research must harmonise HRQoL data collection and prioritise longitudinal investigations among pwME/CFS and pwPCC to characterise PCC subgroups (including those fulfilling ME/CFS criteria) and predictors of prognosis.}, }
@article {pmid40075026, year = {2025}, author = {Bahreiny, SS and Bastani, MN and Keyvani, H and Mohammadpour Fard, R and Aghaei, M and Mansouri, Z and Karamali, N and Sakhavarz, T and Amraei, M and Harooni, E}, title = {VEGF-A in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analytical approach to its prognostic value.}, journal = {Clinical and experimental medicine}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {81}, pmid = {40075026}, issn = {1591-9528}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/blood/diagnosis/mortality ; *Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood ; Prognosis ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Biomarkers/blood ; Severity of Illness Index ; }, abstract = {Numerous studies have reported vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) has a significant impact on the pathophysiology of COVID-19. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the prognostic value of increased levels of VEGF-A in individuals with COVID-19. A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, up to January 2024. Studies examining the levels of VEGF-A in the serum or plasma of COVID-19 patients were incorporated, with specific attention given to contrasting severe/critical cases against moderate cases. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model to determine overall effect sizes. Meta-regressions and subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis synthesized data from 11 studies involving a total of 1119 COVID-19 patients. Elevated levels of VEGF-A were significantly associated with disease severity, with a pooled SMD of 0.525 (95% CI 0.239-0.058; P = 0.028). Research has indicated that the nature of the relationship differs among various age groups, and there were minor discrepancies in the techniques employed to obtain VEGF-A measurements. Furthermore, meta-regression analysis indicated a potential correlation between VEGF-A levels and assay technique and body mass index (BMI). This meta-analysis provides compelling evidence for the prognostic potency of VEGF-A in COVID-19. Understanding the intricate interplay between VEGF-A and COVID-19 pathophysiology holds promise for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies and prognostic indicators in the management of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40074984, year = {2025}, author = {Khatun, O and Kaur, S and Tripathi, S}, title = {Anti-interferon armamentarium of human coronaviruses.}, journal = {Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS}, volume = {82}, number = {1}, pages = {116}, pmid = {40074984}, issn = {1420-9071}, support = {Blockchain for Impact//Blockchain for Impact/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Interferons/immunology/metabolism ; *Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; *Virus Replication/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology/drug effects/physiology ; Coronavirus/drug effects/immunology/physiology ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology/drug therapy/virology ; COVID-19/immunology/virology ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/immunology/drug effects ; }, abstract = {Cellular innate immune pathways are formidable barriers against viral invasion, creating an environment unfavorable for virus replication. Interferons (IFNs) play a crucial role in driving and regulating these cell-intrinsic innate antiviral mechanisms through the action of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The host IFN response obstructs viral replication at every stage, prompting viruses to evolve various strategies to counteract or evade this response. Understanding the interplay between viral proteins and cell-intrinsic IFN-mediated immune mechanisms is essential for developing antiviral and anti-inflammatory strategies. Human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and seasonal coronaviruses, encode a range of proteins that, through shared and distinct mechanisms, inhibit IFN-mediated innate immune responses. Compounding the issue, a dysregulated early IFN response can lead to a hyper-inflammatory immune reaction later in the infection, resulting in severe disease. This review provides a brief overview of HCoV replication and a detailed account of its interaction with host cellular innate immune pathways regulated by IFN.}, }
@article {pmid40074704, year = {2025}, author = {Schwartz, J and Capistrano, K and Hussein, H and Hafedi, A and Shukla, D and Naqvi, A}, title = {Oral SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Risk for Long Covid.}, journal = {Reviews in medical virology}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {e70029}, pmid = {40074704}, issn = {1099-1654}, support = {R56DE033249//NIDCR/NIH/ ; R01EY033622//NEI/NIH/ ; R01DE027980//NIDCR/NIH/ ; R01 DE027980/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States ; R56 DE033249/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States ; /NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 EY033622/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Microbiota ; Dysbiosis ; Mouth Mucosa/virology/immunology/microbiology ; Virus Internalization ; Mouth Diseases/virology/microbiology/immunology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; }, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is an oral pathogen that infects and replicates in mucosal and salivary epithelial cells, contributing to oral post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC) and other oral and non-oral pathologies. While pre-existing inflammatory oral diseases provides a conducive environment for the virus, acute infection and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 can also results in oral microbiome dysbiosis that further worsens poor oral mucosal health. Indeed, oral PASC includes periodontal diseases, dysgeusia, xerostomia, pharyngitis, oral keratoses, and pulpitis suggesting significant bacterial contributions to SARS-CoV-2 and oral tissue tropism. Dysbiotic microbiome-induced inflammation can promote viral entry via angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor-2 (ACE2), serine transmembrane TMPRSS2 and possibly other non-canonical pathways. Additionally, metabolites derived from a dysbiotic microbiome can alter the physiological and biochemical pathways related to the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. This may promote a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, leading to immune exhaustion, loss of tolerance, and susceptibility to a variety of oral pathogens, causing acute and later chronic inflammation. Microbial release of mimics of host metallopeptidases related to furin, ADAM17 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17), and glycoprotein metabolites can further aid viral attachment to T cell immunoglobulin-like (TIMs), enhancing viral entry while simultaneously depressing oral mucosal immune resistance and clearance. Membrane reorganization characterised by neuroproteins, such as neuropilins, also functionally assists with SARS-CoV-2 entry and extends the pathogenesis of PASC from the oral cavity to the brain, gut, or other non-oral tissues. Thus, poor oral health, characterised by disrupted oral microbiomes can promote viral tropism, weaken antiviral resistance, and heightens susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This immune dysfunction also increases the risk of additional viral infections, exacerbating oral conditions like periodontal and endodontic diseases. These persistent oral health issues can contribute to systemic inflammation, creating bidirectional effects between oral and non-oral tissues, potentially leading to Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).}, }
@article {pmid40074252, year = {2025}, author = {Sculco, C and Bano, B and Prina, E and Tedeschi, F and Bartucz, MB and Barbui, C and Purgato, M and Albanese, E}, title = {Access and use of general and mental health services before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {e091342}, pmid = {40074252}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Services Accessibility ; *Mental Health Services/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology/therapy ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To quantify access to health services during the COVID-19 pandemic and measure the change in use between the prepandemic and the pandemic periods in a population with assessment of psychological distress or diagnosis of mental disorders.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: We developed and piloted a search syntax and adapted it to enter the following databases from 1 January 2020 to 31 March 2023: PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Epistemonikos and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We reran the searches from the end of the original search to 3 December 2024.<br><br>DESIGN: We systematically screened titles, abstracts and full texts of retrieved records.<br><br>ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included observational studies on any populations and regions, covering health services such as doctor visits, hospital admissions, diagnostic examinations, pharmaceutical therapies and mental health (MH) services. Only studies using validated scales to assess psychological distress or mental disorders as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were included.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: We extracted data using a purposefully designed form and evaluated the studies' quality with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We measured the incidence rate (IR) of access to health services and the IR ratio (IRR) between the prepandemic and the pandemic periods. We calculated contacts days and catchment areas in the different periods. We used the random effects DerSimonian-Laird inverse-variance model and calculated heterogeneity with statistics I&#xb2; and &#x3c4;&#xb2;. We computed pooled IR and pooled IRR and tested the hypothesis of no variation (IRR=1).<br><br>RESULTS: We retrieved 10&#x2009;014 records and examined the full text of 580 articles. We included 136 primary studies of which 44 were meta-analysed. The IR of access to services during the pandemic was 2.59 contact months per 10&#x2009;000 inhabitants (IR=2.592; 95%&#x2009;CI: 1.301 to 5.164). We observed a reduction of 28.5% in the use of services with negligible differences by age group and type of services (IRR=0.715; 95%&#x2009;CI: 0.651 to 0.785). We observed significant differences in effect sizes across studies (&#x3c4;[2]=5.44; p<0.001 and &#x3c4;[2]=0.090; p<0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSION: By considering MH, our study provides consolidated evidence and quantifies the reduction in the use of health services during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023403778.}, }
@article {pmid40074013, year = {2025}, author = {Hu, S and Zhong, Q and Xie, X and Zhang, S and Wang, J and Liu, H and Dai, W}, title = {Research progress on critical viral protease inhibitors for coronaviruses and enteroviruses.}, journal = {Bioorganic &amp; medicinal chemistry letters}, volume = {122}, number = {}, pages = {130168}, doi = {10.1016/j.bmcl.2025.130168}, pmid = {40074013}, issn = {1464-3405}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/enzymology ; *Viral Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Enterovirus/drug effects/enzymology ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Enterovirus A, Human/drug effects/enzymology ; }, abstract = {Viral infectious diseases have been seriously affecting human life and health. SARS-CoV-2 was the pathogen that caused Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the impact of COVID-19 is still existing. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the primary pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and no effective direct-acting antiviral drugs targeting EV71 has been approved yet. Innate antiviral strategies play an important role in preventing virus infections depending on the powerful immune regulatory system of body, while viruses have evolved to exploit diverse methods to overcome immune response. Viral proteases, which are known in cleaving viral polyproteins, have also been found to modulate the innate immunity of host cells, thereby promoting viral proliferation. Herein, we reviewed the current development of SARS-CoV-2 3CL[pro], PL[pro], and EV71 3C[pro] and 2A[pro], mainly including structure, function, modulation of immune response, and inhibitors of these four proteases, to further deepen the understanding of viral pathogenesis and provide a new perspective for subsequent corresponding drug development.}, }
@article {pmid40073930, year = {2025}, author = {Richeri, A and McGregor, R and Scorza, C}, title = {Psychostimulant and opioid abuse: A perspective from Uruguay.}, journal = {Neuroscience}, volume = {574}, number = {}, pages = {104-113}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.03.014}, pmid = {40073930}, issn = {1873-7544}, mesh = {Humans ; *Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Uruguay/epidemiology ; *Central Nervous System Stimulants/adverse effects ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; *Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects ; Illicit Drugs/adverse effects ; Female ; Pregnancy ; }, abstract = {The number of people suffering from substance use disorder (SUD) worldwide has increased 45 % compared to the last decade according to the latest United Nations World Drug Report. This staggering increase, partly due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, further raises the social and economic burden for nations. Prevention and treatment, two of the main strategies employed to curb the increase in SUD, have shown limited success despite our increasing understanding of the underlying processes of SUD. This review will focus on two main drug categories, psychostimulants, especially cocaine, and opioids since these are two of the most prevalent illicit drugs abused by the general public in low, middle, and high-income countries. The use of active adulterants (e.g. caffeine and illegally manufactured fentanyl, IMF) commonly employed in the preparation of illicit drugs will also be covered considering recent data which has shown that these adulterants may increase the health risk of psychostimulant and opioid users. Especially the high risk of the combined use of cocaine and IMF is detailed. An additional section will address drug abuse in women during pregnancy, as it constitutes a major public health concern due to the negative consequences on newborns and infants. Data from Uruguay is presented and compared to illegal drug use in other countries of South and North America. The rapidly changing drug market, together with the current prevalence of SUD, establishes the urgent need for new strategies and innovative treatments to manage this issue.}, }
@article {pmid40073815, year = {2025}, author = {Tripathi, P and Pandey, S and Yadav, D and Joshi, S}, title = {Emergence and evolution of monkeypox virus: Epidemiology, pathology, clinical symptoms, preventative and treatment measures.}, journal = {International immunopharmacology}, volume = {152}, number = {}, pages = {114448}, doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114448}, pmid = {40073815}, issn = {1878-1705}, mesh = {Humans ; *Mpox, Monkeypox/epidemiology/drug therapy/therapy ; *Monkeypox virus ; Animals ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {As the COVID-19 pandemic situation was on an end, a new monkeypox menace has been discovered in several places of the world. The most comforting thing is that the fatality rate of monkeypox is unlike Covid-19. But the recent global outbreaks and the rise in the number of cases has drawn attention of world towards it. The number of cases in multiple countries have already surpassed 25,000, according to the WHO report released on July 25, 2022. The zoonotic disease monkey-pox virus causes a feverish sickness in humans, with characteristic skin rashes and is similar to smallpox in structure, clinical presentation, and response to antiviral medicine. This review offers important insights on the evolution of the monkeypox virus and its different modes of transmission. It also discusses epidemiology, clinical findings, management, challenges, and current strategies for the disease, as well as the implications of the current epidemic on public health. Comprehensive research on the pathophysiology and management of monkeypox is still lacking. In order to solve this problem, we reviewed the pathology and virology of monkeypox infection and provided an overview of the most recent developments in anti-monkeypox medications.}, }
@article {pmid40073162, year = {2025}, author = {Taher, MK and Salzman, T and Banal, A and Morissette, K and Domingo, FR and Cheung, AM and Cooper, CL and Boland, L and Zuckermann, AM and Mullah, MA and Laprise, C and Colonna, R and Hashi, A and Rahman, P and Collins, E and Corrin, T and Waddell, LA and Pagaduan, JE and Ahmad, R and Jaramillo Garcia, AP}, title = {Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence.}, journal = {Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice}, volume = {45}, number = {3}, pages = {112-138}, pmid = {40073162}, issn = {2368-738X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Global Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Survivors/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: We investigated the prevalence of new or persistent manifestations experienced by COVID-19 survivors at 3 or more months after their initial infection, collectively known as post-COVID-19 condition (PCC).<br><br>METHODS: We searched four electronic databases and major grey literature resources for prospective studies, systematic reviews, authoritative reports and population surveys. A random-effects meta-analysis pooled the prevalence data of 22 symptoms and outcomes. The GRADE approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence. PROSPERO CRD42021231476.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 20 731 identified references, 194 met our inclusion criteria. These studies followed 483 531 individuals with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis over periods of up to 2 years. Most focused on adults, nearly two-thirds were conducted in Europe and 63% were of high or moderate quality. The supplementary search identified 17 systematic reviews, five authoritative reports and four population surveys that reported on PCC prevalence. Our analysis revealed that more than half of COVID-19 survivors experienced one or more symptoms more than a year after their initial infection. The most common symptoms were fatiguedyspneamemory, sleep or concentration disturbances; depressionand pain. Limitation in returning to work was the most common outcome. Prevalence tended to be higher among females, individuals hospitalized during their initial infection and those who experienced severe COVID-19 illness.<br><br>CONCLUSION: PCC presents a significant health burden, affecting some groups more than others. This information will help inform health care system policies and services for people living with PCC and those caring for them.}, }
@article {pmid40072988, year = {2025}, author = {Dias, FA and Pereira, ER and Silva, RMCRA and Medeiros, AYBBV and Fabri, JMG}, title = {Undergraduate students' mental health in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.}, journal = {Revista brasileira de enfermagem}, volume = {78}, number = {1}, pages = {e20240032}, pmid = {40072988}, issn = {1984-0446}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Mental Health ; *Students/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Stress, Psychological/psychology/etiology ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: to map evidence on undergraduate students' mental health globally during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: a scoping review, in which PRISMA-ScR was used.<br><br>RESULTS: twenty-six articles were included, from which data were collected on the characteristics of articles, participants involved, and results. The results were categorized into: Undergraduate students' mental health; Stressors and factors associated with mental health problems; Impact of spirituality and meaning in life on students' mental health; Relationship between physical activity and mental health; Mental health and digital education.<br><br>FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the pandemic has intensified the mental health challenges faced by undergraduate students, highlighting the need for strategic interventions. It is suggested that educational institutions implement psychological support programs, encourage healthy practices, spirituality, and the search for meaning. It is clear that such measures can mitigate the negative effects of the pandemic and strengthen students' resilience.}, }
@article {pmid40072231, year = {2025}, author = {Targher, G and Tilg, H and Valenti, L}, title = {Risk of Serious Bacterial and Non-Bacterial Infections in People With MASLD.}, journal = {Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {e70059}, pmid = {40072231}, issn = {1478-3231}, mesh = {Humans ; *Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/complications ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Fatty Liver/epidemiology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Incidence ; Comorbidity ; }, abstract = {Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease globally. MASLD is a multisystem disease where metabolic dysfunction plays a key role in the development of MASLD and its most relevant liver-related morbidities and extrahepatic complications, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and certain types of extrahepatic cancers. Among the least examined MASLD-related extrahepatic complications, an ever-increasing number of observational studies have reported a positive association between MASLD and the risk of serious bacterial infections (SBI) requiring hospital admission. This risk remained significant in those studies where statistical analysis was adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, type 2 diabetes and other common comorbidities. Notably, the incidence rates of SBI were further increased with more advanced MASLD, especially in patients with MASLD-related cirrhosis, and were also observed for some acute viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to severe COVID-19. In this narrative review article, we provide an overview of the literature on (a) the recent epidemiological data linking MASLD to the risk of serious bacterial and non-bacterial infections requiring hospital admission, (b) the putative underlying mechanisms through which MASLD may increase the susceptibility to serious infections, both directly and through the immune dysfunction associated with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, and (c) the practical and clinical implications of the increased risk of serious bacterial and non-bacterial infections in the growing global population with MASLD.}, }
@article {pmid40072090, year = {2025}, author = {di Flora, DC and Lara, JPZ and Dionizio, A and Buzalaf, MAR}, title = {The Dual Role of cGAS-STING Signaling in COVID-19: Implications for Therapy.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40072090}, issn = {2073-4409}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; *Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Immunity, Innate ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {The progression of COVID-19 involves a sophisticated and intricate interplay between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the host's immune response. The immune system employs both innate and adaptive mechanisms to combat infection. Innate immunity initiates the release of interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, while the adaptive immune response involves CD4+ Th lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and CD8+ Tc cells. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), activating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway, a crucial component of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2. This pathway fulfills a dual function during infection. In the early phase of infection, the virus can suppress cGAS-STING signaling to avoid immune detection. However, in the late stages, the activation of this pathway may trigger excessive inflammation and tissue damage, exacerbating disease severity. Modulating the cGAS-STING pathway, whether through agonists like dimeric amidobenzimidazole (diABZI) or inhibitors targeting viral proteins, such as 3CLpro, for example, offers a promising approach for personalized therapy to control the immune response and mitigate severe inflammation, ultimately improving clinical outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40072080, year = {2025}, author = {Lamsira, HK and Sabatini, A and Ciolfi, S and Ciccosanti, F and Sacchi, A and Piacentini, M and Nardacci, R}, title = {Autophagy and Programmed Cell Death Modalities Interplay in HIV Pathogenesis.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {}, pmid = {40072080}, issn = {2073-4409}, support = {2022YAW9B4//Italian Ministry of University and Research/ ; PNRR-MAD-2022-12375755//Italian Ministry of Health/ ; PNRR PE6 "HealItalia"//Italian Ministry of Health/ ; Ricerca Corrente//Italian Ministry of Health/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Autophagy ; *HIV Infections/immunology/virology/pathology ; Apoptosis ; Necroptosis ; COVID-19/immunology/virology/pathology ; Virus Replication ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; }, abstract = {Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to be a major global health challenge, affecting 38.4 million according to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) at the end of 2021 with 1.5 million new infections. New HIV infections increased during the 2 years after the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the intricate cellular processes underlying HIV pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Among these processes, autophagy and programmed cell death modalities, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, play pivotal roles in the host-virus interaction dynamics. Autophagy, a highly conserved cellular mechanism, acts as a double-edged sword in HIV infection, influencing viral replication, immune response modulation, and the fate of infected cells. Conversely, apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism, is a critical defense mechanism against viral spread and contributes to the depletion of CD4+ T cells, a hallmark of HIV/AIDS progression. This review aims to dissect the complex interplay between autophagy and these programmed cell death modalities in HIV-induced pathogenesis. It highlights the molecular mechanisms involved, their roles in viral persistence and immune dysfunction, and the challenges posed by the viral reservoir and drug resistance, which continue to impede effective management of HIV pathology. Targeting these pathways holds promise for novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate immune depletion and chronic inflammation, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals living with HIV.}, }
@article {pmid40071959, year = {2025}, author = {Wykes, T and Garg, S and Stahl, D and Kostem, A and Wilson-Lemoine, E}, title = {Representation of women in scientific subjects: overview of systematic reviews investigating career progress in academic publishing with a focus on mental health.}, journal = {BJPsych open}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {e49}, pmid = {40071959}, issn = {2056-4724}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Women's authorship position in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine research reflects career progression, especially the transition from first to last (usually senior) author. Employment of women in mental health sciences has increased, and so should have had an impact on the change to senior author position.<br><br>AIMS: To identify if first or last women's authorship has changed, and mental health has better representation.<br><br>METHOD: We investigated women's authorship position in a systematic review and meta-analyses, following PRISMA guidelines and using random-effects regression analyses.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 149 studies with sampling periods from 1975 to 2020 (excluding potential COVID-19 pandemic effects) that showed a large variation of women authors, and found an average proportion for first (26.2%) and last (16.1%) author position. In mental health (psychology and psychiatry), there was a higher representation, with 40% first author and 36.7% last author position, whereas medicine was 25.9% and 19.5%, respectively. The rate of change for psychology and psychiatry women authors was also higher every 10 years: 8.56% (95% CI 6.44-10.69%) for first and 6.86% (95% CI 4.57-9.15%) for last author, and rate was 2.35% higher for first author and 2.65% higher for last author than in medicine. Different methods of classifying gender and identification method did not affect our results.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Although mental health topics seem to fare better, our comprehensive review highlighted that the proportions of women first compared with last authors shows the same leaky pipeline as in other analyses, so we cannot be complacent about gender equality and career progression.}, }
@article {pmid40071494, year = {2025}, author = {Atkinson, B and Beadsworth, M and Dunning, J}, title = {Cases of high-consequence infectious diseases identified in the UK, 1962-2023.}, journal = {Journal of medical microbiology}, volume = {74}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {40071494}, issn = {1473-5644}, mesh = {Humans ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnosis ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Male ; Female ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; }, abstract = {The management of patients with acute infectious diseases can present significant challenges, especially if the causative agent has a propensity for person-to-person transmission. In such cases, effective patient management is dependent on both rapid identification of disease and the provision of necessary medical care while adhering to suitable infection prevention and control measures to reduce the potential for onwards transmission. The UK has operated a defined system for managing patients with high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) since the 1970s, when protocols were first implemented following the first descriptions of several viral haemorrhagic fever diseases, including Marburg virus disease, Lassa fever and Ebola virus disease (EVD). While more than 200 people with HCIDs have been treated in UK hospitals since the 1970s, most of these patients had COVID-19 or mpox during the early phases of new public health emergencies of international concern (PHEICs), prior to their removal from the UK HCID list in March 2020 and June 2022, respectively. Excluding PHEICs, 26 patients have been treated in HCID treatment centres between 1962 and 2023: 10 patients with Lassa fever, 7 with mpox prior to the 2022 PHEIC, 4 with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), 4 with EVD and 1 with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF). In total, 15 additional HCID patients were identified where treatment in a specialist centre did not occur due to retrospective diagnosis (4 patients with Lassa fever), mild or moderate illness [5 patients with avian influenza A(H5N1), 1 with MERS and 1 with CCHF] or death prior to transfer (2 patients with Lassa fever, 1 with CCHF and 1 with pneumonic plague). Here we summarize the UK HCID experience, including details about their detection, patient management and outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40071259, year = {2025}, author = {Velati, D and Puoti, M}, title = {Real-world experience with therapies for SARS-CoV-2: Lessons from the Italian COVID-19 studies.}, journal = {Le infezioni in medicina}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, pages = {64-75}, pmid = {40071259}, issn = {2532-8689}, abstract = {The therapeutic armamentarium that has been made available from the beginning of the emergency phase of the COVID-19 pandemic to date is briefly reviewed, and an overview of the real-world clinical evidence published by the Italian medical and scientific community during the last three years is presented herein. Prior to the introduction of a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, several treatment options were implemented from the onset given the evidence that a "cytokine storm" was present during infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, with the exception of tocilizumab, baricitinib and perhaps anakinra, most studies with anti-cytokine biological agents in patients with severe COVID-19 did not show any significant clinical improvement or decrease in mortality at day 28. The same is true of several repurposed drugs including ivermectin, lactoferrin, interferon ß-1a, lopinavir/ritonavir alone or combined with hydroxychloroquine, and darunavir/ cobicistat, which did not show any benefits in clinical status or mortality. Treatment with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for COVID-19 is changing continually with the evolution of new viral variants. In Italy, current indications for treatment of COVID-19 outpatients underline that the use of specific mAbs may vary over time depending on the prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variant and the sensitivity to the different mAbs available. Three antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 were studied extensively and initially available in Italy: remdesivir, molnupiravir, and nirmaltrelvir/ritonavir, but at present the latter is the only oral antiviral for SARS-CoV-2 available in Italy. Several real-world studies for the use of nirmatrelvir/ ritonavir in the Italian population have been published. Among the current unmet needs, a clear and universal definition for long COVID along with treatments and prevention are still lacking as is clarity of the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for it.}, }
@article {pmid40071133, year = {2025}, author = {Monsalve, DM and Acosta-Ampudia, Y and Acosta, NG and Celis-Andrade, M and Şahin, A and Yilmaz, AM and Shoenfeld, Y and Ramírez-Santana, C}, title = {NETosis: A key player in autoimmunity, COVID-19, and long COVID.}, journal = {Journal of translational autoimmunity}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {100280}, pmid = {40071133}, issn = {2589-9090}, abstract = {NETosis, the process through which neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), has emerged as a crucial mechanism in host defense and the pathogenesis of autoimmune responses. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this process received significant attention due to the central role of neutrophil recruitment and activation in infection control. However, elevated neutrophil levels and dysregulated NET formation have been linked to coagulopathy and endothelial damage, correlating with disease severity and poor prognosis in COVID-19. Moreover, it is known that SARS-CoV-2 can induce persistent low-grade systemic inflammation, known as long COVID, although the underlying causes remain unclear. It has been increasingly acknowledged that excessive NETosis and NET generation contribute to further pathophysiological abnormalities following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review provides an updated overview of the role of NETosis in autoimmune diseases, but also the relationship between COVID-19 and long COVID with autoimmunity (e.g., latent and overt autoimmunity, molecular mimicry, epitope spreading) and NETosis (e.g., immune responses, NET markers). Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting dysregulated NETosis to mitigate the severe complications of COVID-19 and long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid40069832, year = {2025}, author = {Morfino, R and Gawlik, BM and Tavazzi, S and Tessarolo, A and Gutierrez, AB and Madhav, NK and Grimsley, J and Schierhorn, A and Franklin, A and Vargha, M and Engeli, A and Wolfe, M}, title = {Establishing a European wastewater pathogen monitoring network employing aviation samples: a proof of concept.}, journal = {Human genomics}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {24}, pmid = {40069832}, issn = {1479-7364}, mesh = {Humans ; *Wastewater/virology/microbiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; Europe/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Aircraft ; Airports ; Pandemics ; Proof of Concept Study ; *Aviation ; }, abstract = {Pathogens know no borders, and the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need for comparable, globally accessible pathogen data. This paper proposes a European wastewater pathogen monitoring network using aircraft and airport samples as a proof of concept for an effective cross-national surveillance system. The study emphasizes the importance of genomic data collection from strategic sites to produce high-value data for disease surveillance and epidemiological analysis. The authors suggest establishing "Super Sites" in key locations, particularly major transportation hubs like airports, to serve as focal points for wastewater-based pathogen surveillance. The European Commission has identified over 20 candidate Super Sites and supports their integration into a Global Wastewater Sentinel System. In October 2023, the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) and Ginkgo Bioworks conducted an ad hoc exercise, collecting and analyzing wastewater samples from airports and aircraft across Europe. This exercise demonstrated the feasibility of coordinated sampling, centralized processing, and data sharing across different countries. Samples were collected from eight airports over two weeks, employing various methods for different types of wastewater, including samples from terminals and aircraft. Across airports, 96% of wastewater samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, with similar viral loads between aircraft and airport sewage, and multiple lineages were identified, including the EG.5 variant, which is consistent with the publicly reported variant data. The results underscore the potential of routine aircraft wastewater monitoring as an early warning system for emerging pathogens. The study also highlights the need for standardized protocols and real-time reporting systems and the importance of addressing ethical considerations in handling passenger data. By creating a network of Super Sites, and integrating cross-national wastewater surveillance data with passenger flight data, the European Union aims to strengthen global public health responses to future pandemics. Establishing this surveillance network is a crucial step towards a pan-European surveillance system for pathogens, providing a non-intrusive complement to existing systems that rely on individual testing. This system will significantly improve early detection capabilities, leading to more rapid and robust responses and ultimately enhancing global health security.}, }
@article {pmid40068975, year = {2025}, author = {Shaffer, A and Meyerowitz, EA}, title = {Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Immunocompetent Adults in the Era of Widespread Population Immunity and Omicron Sublineage Viruses.}, journal = {Infectious disease clinics of North America}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {233-251}, doi = {10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.002}, pmid = {40068975}, issn = {1557-9824}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; Adult ; *Immunocompetence ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; }, abstract = {While most SARS-CoV-2 infections and reinfections in the era of widespread population immunity with omicron subsub-lineage variants are mild for immunocompetent individuals, any manifestation previously seen during the pandemic phase is still possible. COVID-19 may affect any organ system. Previous infections and prior vaccines protect against symptomatic future SARS-CoV-2 infections, though this protection wanes over time.}, }
@article {pmid40068974, year = {2025}, author = {Emery, I and Rosen, C}, title = {Adult Long Coronavirus Disease 2019: Definition, Prevalence Pathophysiology, and Clinical Manifestations.}, journal = {Infectious disease clinics of North America}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {345-360}, doi = {10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.007}, pmid = {40068974}, issn = {1557-9824}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/physiopathology/epidemiology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Adult ; Female ; Male ; }, abstract = {Long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystem disorder with variable manifestations and duration. One in 10 people with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will develop some manifestation of long COVID-19. Currently, there is no one single etiologic factor for the symptoms and signs of long COVID-19 beyond exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. There are multiple theories about the pathophysiology ranging from viral persistence, reactivation, autoimmunity, and immune depletion. Certain risk factors have been identified including female sex, severe acute/hospitalized COVID-19, previous infections with SARS-CoV-2, and absence of vaccinations.}, }
@article {pmid40068973, year = {2025}, author = {Pinkney, JA}, title = {The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Vulnerable Communities: What the Clinician Should Know.}, journal = {Infectious disease clinics of North America}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {331-343}, doi = {10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.006}, pmid = {40068973}, issn = {1557-9824}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Vulnerable Populations ; *Healthcare Disparities ; Pregnancy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; United States/epidemiology ; Health Services Accessibility ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic unmasked striking health disparities within the US healthcare system and significantly impacted vulnerable populations. While much attention on vulnerability has been directed toward older individuals with underlying medical conditions, key populations-including the uninsured, racial and ethnic minorities, and pregnant individuals-were considerably affected and require intervention. This review examines the barriers these populations encountered and outlines how clinicians can engage at the provider, practice, community, and national levels to advance health equity and improve health outcomes for these groups in the post-pandemic era.}, }
@article {pmid40068961, year = {2025}, author = {Alshagrawi, S and Hazazi, A}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on influenza vaccination rates among healthcare workers and the general population in Saudi Arabia: A meta-analysis.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {2477954}, pmid = {40068961}, issn = {2164-554X}, mesh = {Humans ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Personnel/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Influenza, Human/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Influenza Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {We aim to identify how the seasonal IVRs have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. We conducted a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies to statistically examine IVRs before and after the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population and HCWs in Saudi Arabia. The meta-regression analysis showed a significant correlation among the general population was observed between the IVR and the timing of the study, with a mean effect size estimate of 14.3 (95% CI = 5.7-22.9; p < .001). Among HCWs, no significant relationship was observed between the IVR and the timing of the study, with a mean effect size estimate of 6.7 (95% CI = -19.3-32.7; p = .5). COVID-19 might have contributed to a rise in IVR among HCWs, whereas the general population has seen a decline in IVR.}, }
@article {pmid40068656, year = {2025}, author = {Chutinet, A and Charnnarong, C and Suwanwela, NC}, title = {Stroke from Infection.}, journal = {Cerebrovascular diseases extra}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {118-129}, doi = {10.1159/000544986}, pmid = {40068656}, issn = {1664-5456}, mesh = {Humans ; *Stroke/microbiology/physiopathology/epidemiology/diagnosis/immunology ; Risk Factors ; Risk Assessment ; Prognosis ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; *Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/complications ; *Virus Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Stroke related to infections represents a less common but significant cause, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This review examines the pathophysiology of stroke from infections, involving both direct and indirect mechanisms.<br><br>SUMMARY: Bacterial infections such as tuberculous meningitis and infective endocarditis can directly cause strokes through local inflammation, arteritis, and septic embolism. Viral infections like Varicella zoster virus and HIV increase stroke risk through chronic immune activation, vasculopathy, and endothelial dysfunction. Parasitic infections, particularly malaria and neurocysticercosis, can cause strokes via vascular occlusion and inflammatory responses. Fungal infections like aspergillosis and mucormycosis can lead to strokes through vasculitis and direct invasion of the CNS.<br><br>KEY MESSAGES: Understanding the mechanisms by which various infectious agents contribute to stroke pathogenesis is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to establish effective prevention and treatment for infection-related strokes, especially in low- and middle-income countries.}, }
@article {pmid40068568, year = {2025}, author = {Di Chiara, C and Karimi-Shahrbabak, E and Peresin, J and Farrar, DS and Low, B and Fadaleh, SA and Lee, K and Tailor, L and Wong, N and Piché-Renaud, PP and Morris, SK}, title = {A review of Canadian online resources providing information on COVID-19 vaccination for caregivers of children aged 5-11 years.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {54}, number = {}, pages = {126990}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126990}, pmid = {40068568}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {Humans ; Canada ; Child ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Child, Preschool ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Caregivers/education ; *Internet ; *Vaccination ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vaccination is one of the most searched health topics online, yet the quality of resources varies considerably. This study evaluated the quality of Canadian COVID-19 vaccines online resources for caregivers of 5-11-year-old children.<br><br>METHODS: We reviewed Canadian public-facing websites from academic pediatric hospitals, governments, professional organizations, and public health authorities until April 22, 2022. Inclusion criteria included English/French resources targeting caregivers of 5-11-year-olds, presented as webpages, FAQs, posters/infographics, and/or videos. Reliability, readability, and understandability/actionability were appraised using the JAMA Benchmark, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and Patient Education Material Assessment Tool for Printable/Audiovisual materials, respectively. We used a content checklist to assess key vaccine topics (e.g., effectiveness and safety). Descriptive statistics included Fisher's exact and ANOVA tests.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 1046 websites screened, 43 primary webpage clusters and 141 secondary webpages were analyzed. Twenty (46.5&#xa0;%), 9 (20.9&#xa0;%), 7 (16.3&#xa0;%), and 7 (16.3&#xa0;%) primary webpage clusters belonged to government, academic pediatric hospitals, professional organizations, and public health authorities, respectively. The mean JAMA Benchmark score was 3.47&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;0.55 (out of 43). Of 43 clusters, only five (11.6&#xa0;%) scored at or below a US 6th-grade education level. While 42/43 (97.7&#xa0;%) primary clusters including printable materials were understandable (PEMAT-P&#xa0;>&#xa0;70&#xa0;%), only 7/43 (16.3&#xa0;%) were considered actionable. The mean content score was 12.65&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;3.60 (out of 20) among the 43 primary clusters. No differences in quality were seen across organization types, except for actionability (p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.016).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Although most Canadian webpages on COVID-19 vaccines received high scores in understandability, areas requiring improvement in actionability, readability, and content were identified.}, }
@article {pmid40068321, year = {2025}, author = {Quach, HL and Walsh, EI and Hoang, TNA and Terrett, RNL and Vogt, F}, title = {Effectiveness of digital contact tracing interventions for COVID-19: A systematic scoping review.}, journal = {Public health}, volume = {242}, number = {}, pages = {146-156}, doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2025.02.019}, pmid = {40068321}, issn = {1476-5616}, mesh = {Humans ; *Contact Tracing/methods ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Digital contact tracing (DCT) interventions have been deployed at unprecedented scale during COVID-19. However, no comprehensive appraisal of the evidence exists to date regarding their effectiveness. We aimed to systematically review the global literature for a holistic understanding of DCT effectiveness during COVID-19, and to identify factors that enabled or hindered its effectiveness.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Systematic scoping review.<br><br>METHODS: We searched six databases for peer-reviewed literature relevant to the evaluation of DCT interventions during COVID-19 (January 2024) (CRD42021268586). We compiled implemented DCT interventions from grey literature. Effectiveness appraisals, different operationalizations, measurements, and definitions of DCT effectiveness, as well as associated factors were synthesized qualitatively. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. We followed Cochrane and PRISMA guidance.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 133 studies evaluating 121 different DCT implementations. Seventy-three (60&#xa0;%) studies found DCT to be effective, mostly when evaluating epidemiological impact metrics. Public trust emerged as crucial for DCT to be effective, which requires high and enforceable data safety and privacy standards, clear and transparent communication, high accuracy and reliability of the intervention, and an acceptance-enhancing implementation approach of other pandemic response measures by public health authorities more broadly. Most evaluations took place in high rather than low-resource settings.<br><br>CONCLUSION: While technical performance matters, DCT effectiveness primarily depends on a relatively small number of non-technical drivers centred around public trust. DCT should only be implemented as integrated part of a broader public health framework. Our findings hold important insights for the design, implementation, and evaluation of other digital technology for pandemic response.}, }
@article {pmid40067592, year = {2025}, author = {Lins, MP and Dos Santos Reis, MD}, title = {Age-Related Thymic Involution.}, journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology}, volume = {1471}, number = {}, pages = {285-299}, pmid = {40067592}, issn = {0065-2598}, mesh = {*Thymus Gland/immunology/physiology/pathology ; Humans ; *Aging/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Animals ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Aged ; Age Factors ; }, abstract = {The age-related thymic involution has intrigued scientists since its first observations. This phenomenon is well-conserved across different species, but the reason why it exists is not clear since the thymus is a key organ in the immune system responsible for the maturation of immunocompetent T lymphocytes. As thymic function declines with age, it significantly affects the health of older individuals, leading to reduced responses to new pathogens, tumor cells, and vaccines. This impact was notably evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, where a substantial number of elderly individuals succumbed to the disease. This chapter explores the characteristics of age-related thymic involution, including new findings using recently developed technologies. We also highlight emerging research trends aimed at rejuvenating thymus function.}, }
@article {pmid40067543, year = {2025}, author = {Ojukwu, E and Pashaei, A and Maia, JC and Omobhude, OF and Tawfik, A and Nguyen, Y}, title = {Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the HIV Care Continuum and Associated Factors in High-Income Nations: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.}, journal = {AIDS and behavior}, volume = {29}, number = {4}, pages = {1362-1399}, pmid = {40067543}, issn = {1573-3254}, mesh = {Humans ; *HIV Infections/drug therapy/therapy/diagnosis/epidemiology ; *Continuity of Patient Care ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Health Services Accessibility ; Telemedicine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Developed Countries ; Pandemics ; Delivery of Health Care ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the HIV care continuum (HCC), presenting challenges while also driving positive transformations globally. This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HCC in high-income countries, aiming to identify barriers and facilitators to care delivery amidst global health challenges. This study employs JBI mixed-methods systematic review methodology. The search strategy included CINAHL, OVID-Medline, CAB Direct, and OVID-Embase databases and manual citation review. After systematic screening and data extraction, quality assessment was performed, and integrated findings were presented. A systematic search of online databases retrieved 20,305 records, with 14,600 unique records screened after removing duplicates; 607 full-text articles were reviewed, and 88 studies meeting eligibility criteria were included in the final analysis. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted various aspects of the HIV care continuum, posing challenges in testing, prevention, appointments, adherence, linkage to care, viral suppression, and treatment engagement. However, the pandemic has also spurred positive changes, notably through the widespread adoption of telemedicine, enhancing access to care and support services. Efforts to mitigate structural barriers, enhance access to care, and promote ART adherence are essential to ensure continuity of care and mitigate long-term consequences. Tailored interventions for vulnerable populations and addressing disparities in care access are crucial for fostering equitable HIV care delivery.}, }
@article {pmid40066338, year = {2025}, author = {Ding, Z and Deng, Y and Luo, H and Liu, C and Yang, M and Xue, H and Chen, Z}, title = {Progress of tanshinone IIA against respiratory diseases: therapeutic targets and potential mechanisms.}, journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1505672}, pmid = {40066338}, issn = {1663-9812}, abstract = {The respiratory system stands as one of the eight pivotal systems within the human body, responsible for a range of essential functions. Primarily, it facilitates the absorption of oxygen from the external environment and the expulsion of carbon dioxide, thereby playing a crucial role in regulating the body's acid-base balance. Furthermore, it helps to maintain the stability of the internal environment, ensuring the smooth progression of normal metabolic processes and sustaining life activities. In the wake of the novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak, respiratory diseases have continued to exhibit comparatively high morbidity and mortality rates, underscoring the urgent need for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a bioactive chemical constituent derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has emerged as a promising candidate. As a significant fat-soluble compound, Tan IIA has traditionally been utilized in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. As research on Tan IIA has progressed, its multifaceted therapeutic potential has been unveiled. Specifically, Tan IIA has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-fibrosis, and anti-cancer effects. In recent years, a wealth of studies has concentrated on elucidating its impact on various respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, and lung cancer. These findings collectively suggest that Tan IIA holds considerable promise in the realm of anti-respiratory disease therapies. The present article undertakes a comprehensive review of the targets and potential mechanisms of Tan IIA against respiratory diseases, offering valuable insights that can serve as a reference for future research endeavors and clinical applications of Tan IIA in the treatment of respiratory ailments.}, }
@article {pmid40066274, year = {2025}, author = {Karnwal, A and Jassim, AY and Mohammed, AA and Al-Tawaha, ARMS and Selvaraj, M and Malik, T}, title = {Addressing the global challenge of bacterial drug resistance: insights, strategies, and future directions.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1517772}, pmid = {40066274}, issn = {1664-302X}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic underscored bacterial resistance as a critical global health issue, exacerbated by the increased use of antibiotics during the crisis. Notwithstanding the pandemic's prevalence, initiatives to address bacterial medication resistance have been inadequate. Although an overall drop in worldwide antibiotic consumption, total usage remains substantial, requiring rigorous regulatory measures and preventive activities to mitigate the emergence of resistance. Although National Action Plans (NAPs) have been implemented worldwide, significant disparities persist, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Settings such as farms, hospitals, wastewater treatment facilities, and agricultural environments include a significant presence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARG), promoting the propagation of resistance. Dietary modifications and probiotic supplementation have shown potential in reshaping gut microbiota and reducing antibiotic resistance gene prevalence. Combining antibiotics with adjuvants or bacteriophages may enhance treatment efficacy and mitigate resistance development. Novel therapeutic approaches, such as tailored antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and nanoparticles, offer alternate ways of addressing resistance. In spite of advancements in next-generation sequencing and analytics, gaps persist in comprehending the role of gut microbiota in regulating antibiotic resistance. Effectively tackling antibiotic resistance requires robust policy interventions and regulatory measures targeting root causes while minimizing public health risks. This review provides information for developing strategies and protocols to prevent bacterial colonization, enhance gut microbiome resilience, and mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance.}, }
@article {pmid40066067, year = {2025}, author = {Maryanchik, SV and Borovikova, SE and Ivanova, AO and Trofimov, VV and Bagrova, OE and Frolova, AS and Mityaeva, ON and Volchkov, PY and Deviatkin, AA}, title = {Antivirotics based on defective interfering particles: emerging concepts and challenges.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1436026}, pmid = {40066067}, issn = {2235-2988}, mesh = {Humans ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Defective Viruses/physiology/genetics ; *Virus Diseases/virology/prevention &amp; control/therapy/drug therapy ; Animals ; }, abstract = {Viruses are obligate parasites, that use the host's internal metabolic systems for their own reproduction. This complicates the search for molecular targets to prevent the spread of viral infection without disrupting the vital functions of human cells. Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are natural competitors of viruses for important resources of viral reproduction. DIPs emerge during infection, originate from the normal viral replication process and inhibit its progression, making them an interesting candidate for antiviral therapy. Here we describe the biology of DIPs, advances in DIP-based antiviral technology, analyze their therapeutic potential and provide a systemic overview of existing preventive and therapeutic antiviral strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40066002, year = {2025}, author = {Barfar, E and Raei, B and Daneshi, S and Bagher Barahouei, F and Hushmandi, K}, title = {The burden of COVID-19 based on disability-adjusted life years: a systematic review of available evidence.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1401726}, pmid = {40066002}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/mortality ; *Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; *Cost of Illness ; *Global Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Persons with Disabilities/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Global Burden of Disease ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The present study tries to evaluate and summarize the available evidence to provide insights into the COVID-19 burden worldwide using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and compare the level of damage across countries during this pandemic.<br><br>METHOD: We conducted a systematic review following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to investigate the global burden of COVID-19. Studies were identified through searches conducted on Ovid Medline, Cochrane, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed databases as well as, the Google Scholar search engine. All stages of the search, study selection, qualitative assessment, and data extraction were carried out by two authors separately. Any disagreement among reviewers was resolved by discussion.<br><br>RESULTS: The total DALYs incurred by COVID-19 varied widely among nations, with rates per 100,000 population ranging from approximately 5 in Korea to 5,363 in the US. Deaths due to COVID-19 could substantially impact years of life lost (YLLs), emerging as a major contributing factor to DALYs. Furthermore, unlike in high-income countries, a significant proportion of YLLs in low- and middle-income countries is associated with individuals dying at younger ages. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were also identified as a minor contributing factor to DALY estimates associated with COVID-19.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings from this investigation provide valuable insights into the impacts of COVID-19 on global health that may be an important basis for assessing its global burden, facilitating international comparisons, and allocating efforts to manage the epidemic. However, challenges persist in identifying and quantifying the economic costs and non-health effects of the event on an international scale.}, }
@article {pmid40065843, year = {2025}, author = {Stroisch, S and Angelini, V and Schnettler, S and Vogt, T}, title = {Health Outcomes in EU Cross-Border Regions: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Public health reviews}, volume = {46}, number = {}, pages = {1608170}, pmid = {40065843}, issn = {0301-0422}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This scoping review examines health outcome trends in European cross-border regions, identifies available evidence, and highlights research gaps. The European Union's integration efforts aim to harmonise living standards and healthcare access. Removed border controls and freedom of movement enhanced service availability, benefiting populations in border regions with cross-border healthcare access. However, these populations are exposed to different institutional settings, highlighting health differences worth studying.<br><br>METHODS: We employed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, using the PCC (Population-Concept-Context) framework to set eligibility criteria. The search covered literature databases and international governmental institution websites, yielding 785 studies, with 24 included in the final analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: No comprehensive studies investigating longitudinal population health patterns were found. Instead, there are studies on specific diseases or health outcomes in particular border regions, especially around Germany. Most of these studies were cross-sectional. Five key research themes emerged: antibiotic resistance, COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2, other infectious diseases, cancer survival, and additional health outcomes.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that cross-border contexts have predominantly been used to study infectious disease spread, with little attention given to the broader impact of European integration on long-term health trends.}, }
@article {pmid40065303, year = {2025}, author = {Pan, H and Yu, Y and Li, X and Wang, M and Wen, C and Dai, Q and Huang, L}, title = {Vaccination and rheumatoid arthritis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 25,949,597 participants.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {933}, pmid = {40065303}, issn = {1471-2458}, support = {No.GZY-ZJ-KJ-23009//the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine- Joint Project with Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/ ; No.LY24H270004//the Basic public welfare research program of Zhejiang Province/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology/etiology ; *Vaccination/adverse effects/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Influenza Vaccines ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between vaccinations and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), specifically addressing concerns about a potential increased risk among vaccinated individuals.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search for cohort studies and case-control studies examining the association between vaccinations and RA was conducted using Medical Subject Headings and relevant keywords across PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to September 2024. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was employed to evaluate the overall certainty of evidence. Statistical analyses, i.e., pooling of relative risk (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), were performed using a random-effects model on STATA software (version 14.0). Due to the I&#xb2; value exceeding 50%, we did not perform an asymmetry test to assess publication bias.<br><br>RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 16 observational studies conducted between 2008 and 2024 and involving a total of 25,949,597 participants. The follow-up duration ranged from 0.03 to 9 years, while the data collection period varied from 2.75 to 9.5 years. The analysis found no significant association between vaccination exposure and RA [RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.03, 95% CI (0.95-1.11), I&#xb2;=93.4%, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.456, low level of evidence]. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of this result. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant risk of RA associated with HPV vaccination [RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.27 95% CI (0.78-2.08), I&#xb2;=81.4%, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.339], influenza vaccination [RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.10, 95% CI (0.98-1.23), I&#xb2;=52.4%, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.112], Anthrax vaccination [RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.21, 95% CI (0.75-6.52)], Herpes Zoster vaccination [RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.70, 95% CI (1.70-4.29)], or COVID-19 vaccination [RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.94, 95% CI (0.82-1.07), I&#xb2;=97.4%, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.340]. However, the subgroup with a follow-up duration varying between 0.5 and 1.8 years showed that (HPV &amp; COVID-19) vaccination had a significant protective effect on RA [RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.92, 95% CI (0.87-0.98), I&#xb2;=95.3%, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.005].<br><br>CONCLUSION: The evidence for the association between vaccination and RA risk is insufficient, and vaccination may serve as a protective factor for RA over a less than one year follow-up duration.}, }
@article {pmid40064761, year = {2025}, author = {Xiang, H and Zhang, L and Cai, M and Zhang, Y}, title = {Insights into dysregulated innate immunity in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.}, journal = {Infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40064761}, issn = {1439-0973}, support = {BRWEP2024W042180101//Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program/ ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a severe complication arising from the co-infection of viral and fungal pathogens in the lungs, with its incidence notably increasing. Although significant progress has been made in elucidating the pathogenesis of CAPA in recent years, the precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this condition remain only partially understood. Current evidence indicates that CAPA primarily results from dysregulation of innate antifungal immune responses. Key contributing factors include epithelial barrier dysfunction, impaired phagocytic activity against fungi, aberrant expression of antimicrobial peptides, immunologic tolerance, and lung dysbiosis, all of which collectively weaken host defense mechanisms. Concurrently, excessive pro-inflammatory responses-driven by cytokine storms and oxidative stress associated with antiviral immunity-further exacerbate lung injury in COVID-19 patients, creating a detrimental feedback loop that impairs immune function and heightens susceptibility to CAPA. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in understanding the role of dysregulated innate immunity in the pathogenesis of CAPA. These insights may inform clinical management strategies and improve outcomes for patients suffering CAPA.}, }
@article {pmid40064583, year = {2025}, author = {Shabahang, R and Arena, AS and Navis, I and Kuhls, D and Newton, C and Burke, RV}, title = {Factors Associated with Resilience in Children During a Disaster: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Disaster medicine and public health preparedness}, volume = {19}, number = {}, pages = {e52}, doi = {10.1017/dmp.2024.341}, pmid = {40064583}, issn = {1938-744X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Resilience, Psychological ; Child ; Adolescent ; *Disasters/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Social Support ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This scoping review maps and assesses the literature on resilience in children affected by disasters, identifying critical factors that contribute to resilience, including social support, mental health, family function, and socioeconomic status.<br><br>METHODS: A literature search was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Scopus for studies published between 2002 and 2023, focusing on children and adolescents (ages 0-18) affected by natural or man-made disasters. Studies on adults, PTSD, or adverse childhood experiences were excluded. Data extraction was thematically synthesized to examine resilience factors.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 244 articles, 16 met the inclusion criteria. Social support emerged as a key resilience factor in 8 studies, and 6 linked higher resilience to fewer mental health symptoms. Five studies during COVID-19 highlighted adaptive behaviors, while family dynamics and community support were critical in 5 studies. Socioeconomic status, explored in 4 studies, revealed complex influences.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Social and emotional support are crucial for resilience in children after disasters. Targeted interventions could significantly improve outcomes. Limitations include few child-focused studies and uncontrolled confounders. Future research should focus on resilience interventions, especially for lower socioeconomic populations.}, }
@article {pmid40064011, year = {2025}, author = {Vasileia, E and Koulierakis, G and Fouskas, T and Liarigkovinou, A}, title = {Health Literacy and Acceptance of COVID-19 Preventive Measures and Vaccination in the European Union: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Health literacy research and practice}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {e46-e55}, pmid = {40064011}, issn = {2474-8307}, mesh = {Humans ; *Health Literacy/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; European Union ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Vaccines ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Adult ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health literacy is becoming increasingly important in the field of public health as it contributes to individuals' social empowerment. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, preventive measures (mask usage, physical distancing, hand washing) and vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shaped the degree of infection of the population, and their acceptance was associated with a multitude of factors, health literacy included. The aim of this scoping review is to explore the impact of all health literacy dimensions (namely, understanding, access, evaluation and application of health information) on accepting preventive measures and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 among adult European citizens.<br><br>METHODS: A literature search on three different databases was conducted from July 2022 to December 2022.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: A total of 154 articles were initially identified, which were rigorously assessed by two reviewers. Ten studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results showed that health literacy played an important role in accepting preventive measures and vaccination as well as in rating health information related to the coronavirus.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Health literacy is a positive predictor of coronavirus prophylaxis and could be incorporated into public health policies to appropriately control future health crises. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2025;9(1):e46-e55.].}, }
@article {pmid40063748, year = {2025}, author = {Tran, L and Cucé, F and Thanh An, N and Dila, KAS and Nam, NH and Cat, DLN and Jun, LW and Ansar, F and Abdallh, F and Vo, A and Huy, NT}, title = {A content review of COVID-19-related apps used in Vietnam.}, journal = {Journal of infection in developing countries}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {208-220}, doi = {10.3855/jidc.19329}, pmid = {40063748}, issn = {1972-2680}, mesh = {Humans ; Vietnam/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Mobile Applications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Various digital applications (apps) have been developed as an aid to address the novel issues caused by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vietnam has experienced a proliferation of apps for this purpose. This review aims to evaluate all Vietnamese COVID-19 apps, analyzing their features, functionality, advantages, disadvantages, and ethical issues to inform developers, communities, and governments on the most desirable features of COVID-19 apps and the user's opinions.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: A systematic search was conducted on October 1, 2022, on PubMed, Scopus, Google, and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) News's official website to identify COVID-19 apps available in Vietnam. The apps were evaluated through user reviews and content analysis of their specific features and drawbacks.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirty Vietnam-based COVID-19 mobile apps were identified on the Apple and Google Play Store. Their functions were recorded and analyzed using a dedicated tool for appraising mobile applications.&#xa0;Although useful, many specific COVID-19 features were dispersed and duplicated between the apps. The most comprehensive apps still lack important functionalities, such as vaccination information. The most serious user concerns were privacy breaches during data recording and storage, technical issues, and non-user-friendly interfaces.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The panorama of current COVID-19 apps in Vietnam is complex and includes many apps. Their overlap in features and functions could create a dispersion of mobile users that could undermine the apps' usefulness and effectiveness in combating the pandemic in Vietnam. An app that integrates the most useful features and addresses the main issues could facilitate user experience and usage uptake.}, }
@article {pmid40063213, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, X and Pahwa, A and Bausch-Jurken, MT and Chitkara, A and Sharma, P and Malmenäs, M and Vats, S and Whitfield, MG and Lai, KZH and Dasari, P and Gupta, R and Nassim, M and Van de Velde, N and Green, N and Beck, E}, title = {Comparative Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccines Among Adults with Underlying Medical Conditions: Systematic Literature Review and Pairwise Meta-Analysis Using GRADE.}, journal = {Advances in therapy}, volume = {42}, number = {5}, pages = {2040-2077}, pmid = {40063213}, issn = {1865-8652}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/mortality ; *BNT162 Vaccine ; *2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Adult ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This systematic literature review and pairwise meta-analysis evaluated the comparative effectiveness of mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 in patients with at least one underlying medical condition at high risk for severe COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles from January 1, 2019 to February 9, 2024. Studies reporting effectiveness data from at least two doses of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccination in adults with medical conditions at high risk of developing severe COVID-19 according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were included. Outcomes of interest were SARS-CoV-2 infection (overall, symptomatic, and severe), hospitalization due to COVID-19, and death due to COVID-19. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated with random effects models. Subgroup analyses by specific medical conditions, number of vaccinations, age, and SARS-CoV-2 variant were conducted. Heterogeneity between studies was estimated with chi-square testing. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Development, and Evaluations framework.<br><br>RESULTS: Sixty-five observational studies capturing the original/ancestral-containing primary series to Omicron-containing bivalent original-BA4-5 vaccinations were included in the meta-analysis. mRNA-1273 was associated with significantly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (RR, 0.85 [95%&#xa0;CI, 0.79-0.92]; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;92.5%), symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (RR, 0.75 [95%&#xa0;CI, 0.65-0.86]; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;62.3%), severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (RR, 0.83 [95%&#xa0;CI, 0.78-0.89]; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;38.0%), hospitalization due to COVID-19 (RR, 0.88 [95%&#xa0;CI, 0.82-0.94]; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;38.7%), and death due to COVID-19 (RR, 0.84 [95%&#xa0;CI, 0.76-0.93]; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.3%) than BNT162b2. Findings were generally consistent across subgroups. Evidence certainty was low or very low because sufficiently powered randomized controlled trials are impractical in this heterogeneous population.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Meta-analysis of 65 observational studies showed that vaccination with mRNA-1273 was associated with a significantly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization and death than BNT162b2 in patients with medical conditions at high risk of severe COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40062993, year = {2025}, author = {Cavarelli, M}, title = {Ghosts of the virus : unmasking the persistent threat of SARS-CoV-2 in Long COVID.}, journal = {Virologie (Montrouge, France)}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {57-68}, doi = {10.1684/vir.2025.1074}, pmid = {40062993}, issn = {1267-8694}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/virology/immunology/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology/immunology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Inflammation/virology ; }, abstract = {Long COVID has emerged as a debilitating condition, severely impacting the daily functioning and quality of life of affected individuals. The pathogenesis of Long COVID is complex and multifactorial, involving immune dysregulation, persistent inflammation, and potential reactivation of other pathogens. A key driver of Long COVID is the potential persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in various tissues beyond the respiratory tract, leading to the formation of viral reservoirs that contribute to ongoing symptoms, several months after initial infection. These reservoirs have been suggested in the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and other tissues, often persisting months after the initial infection. Additionally, viral RNA and proteins in these tissues are associated with chronic inflammation and immune system disruptions, which are primary contributors to Long COVID symptoms. This article explores the mechanisms and consequences of SARS-CoV-2 persistence in respiratory and non-respiratory tissues, highlighting its impact on the immune system and underscoring critical areas for future research to improve outcomes for individuals suffering from Long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid40062991, year = {2025}, author = {Cavarelli, M}, title = {[Ghosts of the virus : unmasking the persistent threat of SARS-CoV-2 in Long COVID].}, journal = {Virologie (Montrouge, France)}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {41-53}, doi = {10.1684/vir.2025.1073}, pmid = {40062991}, issn = {1267-8694}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/virology/immunology/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology/immunology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Inflammation/virology ; }, abstract = {Long COVID has emerged as a debilitating condition, severely impacting the daily functioning and quality of life of affected individuals. The pathogenesis of Long COVID is complex and multifactorial, involving immune dysregulation, persistent inflammation, and potential reactivation of other pathogens. A key driver of Long COVID is the potential persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in various tissues beyond the respiratory tract, leading to the formation of viral reservoirs that contribute to ongoing symptoms, several months after initial infection. These reservoirs have been suggested in the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and other tissues, often persisting months after the initial infection. Additionally, viral RNA and proteins in these tissues are associated with chronic inflammation and immune system disruptions, which are primary contributors to Long COVID symptoms. This article explores the mechanisms and consequences of SARS-CoV-2 persistence in respiratory and non-respiratory tissues, highlighting its impact on the immune system and underscoring critical areas for future research to improve outcomes for individuals suffering from Long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid40062918, year = {2025}, author = {Zhao, S and Chen, J and Dai, T and Li, G and Huang, L and Xin, J and Zhang, Y and Chen, Y and He, X and Huang, H and Yin, X and Liu, S and Guo, M and Zhang, H and Shugang, Q and Wu, M and Song, X}, title = {Harnessing Computational Strategies to Overcome Challenges in mRNA Vaccines.}, journal = {Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1152/physiol.00047.2024}, pmid = {40062918}, issn = {1548-9221}, support = {2023YFC34032000//the National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2023YfA095000//the Fund of Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Research and Development Grant of MOST/ ; 82470005//the Fund of Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Science,Key Reaearch and Development Grant of NSFC/ ; }, abstract = {In recent years, the introduction of mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV2 and RSV has highlighted the success of the mRNA technology platform. Designing mRNA sequences involves multiple components and requires balancing several parameters, including enhancing transcriptional efficiency, boosting antigenicity, and minimizing immunogenicity. Moreover, changes in the composition and properties of delivery vehicles can also affect vaccine performance. Traditional methods of experimentally testing these conditions are time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly, necessitating advanced optimization strategies. Recently, the rapid development of computational tools has significantly accelerated the optimization process for mRNA vaccines. In this review, we systematically examine computation-aided approaches for optimizing mRNA components, including coding and non-coding regions, and for improving the efficiency of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems by focusing on their composition, ratios, and characterization. The use of computational tools can significantly accelerate mRNA vaccine development, enabling rapid responses to emerging infectious diseases and supporting the development of precise, personalized therapies. These approaches may guide the future direction of mRNA vaccine development. Our review aims to provide integrated constructive support for computer-aided mRNA vaccine design.}, }
@article {pmid40062500, year = {2025}, author = {Azizian, R and Mamishi, S and Jafari, E and Mohammadi, MR and Heidari Tajabadi, F and Pourakbari, B}, title = {From Conventional Detection to Point-of-care Tests (POCT) Method for Pediatric Respiratory Infections Diagnosis: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Archives of Iranian medicine}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {112-123}, pmid = {40062500}, issn = {1735-3947}, mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/microbiology ; *Point-of-Care Testing ; Child ; COVID-19 ; *Bacterial Infections/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Point-of-Care Systems ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; }, abstract = {Bacterial respiratory infections pose significant health risks to children, particularly infants susceptible to upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the prevalence of these infections, with pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Klebsiella species commonly implicated in pediatric cases. The critical need for accurate and timely detection of these bacterial agents has highlighted the importance of advanced diagnostic techniques, including multiplex real-time PCR, in clinical practice. Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers several advantages, including rapid results, high sensitivity, and specificity. By accelerating the diagnostic process, this approach enables early intervention and targeted treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes. In addition to PCR technologies, rapid and point-of-care testing (POCT) play a crucial role in the prompt diagnosis of bacterial respiratory infections. These tests are designed to be user-friendly, sensitive, and deliver quick results, making them particularly valuable in urgent clinical settings. POCT tests are often categorized into two main groups: those aimed at determining the cause of infection and those focused on confirming the presence of specific pathogens. By utilizing POCT, healthcare providers can make rapid and informed treatment decisions, leading to more effective management of bacterial respiratory infections in children. As the medical community continues to explore innovative diagnostic approaches, the integration of molecular and rapid testing methods offers significant promise in the realm of bacterial respiratory infections. By adopting these cutting-edge technologies, healthcare professionals can enhance their ability to accurately diagnose these infections, tailor treatment strategies, and ultimately improve patient care.}, }
@article {pmid40062414, year = {2025}, author = {Soljak, M}, title = {Disaggregating Asian Health Data Is Important for Stroke Prevention.}, journal = {Stroke}, volume = {56}, number = {4}, pages = {1112-1114}, doi = {10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.050380}, pmid = {40062414}, issn = {1524-4628}, }
@article {pmid40062079, year = {2025}, author = {Banerjee, I and Robinson, J and Banerjee, I}, title = {Cardiac Complications Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {e78535}, pmid = {40062079}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The COVID-19 global pandemic affected every human on earth, and we are still currently feeling the repercussions. The unprecedented transmission of the virus and the response as well as the mobilization of the major health authorities internationally resulted in one of the largest-scale immunization drives in modern history. As of January 16, 2025, 13.64 billion COVID-19 vaccines have been administered globally. Cardiac adverse effects, such as the development of pericarditis and or myocarditis after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, have been a major focus of study. In most systematic reviews reported globally, evidence was synthesized from case reports and case series. This systematic review aims to amalgamate the data from various cohort studies to identify the risk of the development of adverse effects after the COVID-19 vaccine. An extensive review of the literature was done on the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Trip database, and Google Scholar. All cohort studies included were completed and available between December 1, 2020 and December 31, 2024 and were based on the cardiac adverse effects from the COVID-19 vaccinations. A total of 18,272 articles were screened initially. Four studies were finally assessed regarding the cardiac side effects of the COVID-19 vaccinations and were ultimately included in the systematic review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Immunization with an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine may directly cause cardiovascular adverse events such as the development of myocarditis or pericarditis. The likelihood of such an event occurring is minimal but is most certainly a possibility, the risks of such adverse effects are notably raised in younger males between the ages of 16 and 39 years in age receiving their second dose of an mRNA-based vaccine. It is thus advised that those individuals who fall into the above category be labeled as "higher risk" and should have increased post-vaccination surveillance and follow-up to earlier diagnose the development thereof. The benefits of the vaccine still do, however, by far outweigh the minimal risks involved and it is thus advised that immunization effort continues in earnest.}, }
@article {pmid40061909, year = {2022}, author = {Mirza, AF and Halim, C and Sari, MI}, title = {The relationship of age, sex and prothrombin time related to the severity of COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta analysis.}, journal = {F1000Research}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {729}, pmid = {40061909}, issn = {2046-1402}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/blood/complications/epidemiology ; *Prothrombin Time ; Sex Factors ; Age Factors ; Female ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Diabetes Mellitus/blood/epidemiology ; Severity of Illness Index ; *Diabetes Complications/blood ; Middle Aged ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Looking at the prevalence data in the world and in Indonesia, the highest mortality rate due to COVID-19 involves age, gender and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus. Severity of the condition also refers to coagulation abnormalities, such as abnormal prothrombin time values.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review study and meta-analysis used online literature sourced from PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO, Cochrane and Google Scholar. The literature used here is literature that has data on age, sex and prothrombin time of COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus whose quality is assessed by the NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) criteria and processing data using Review Manager 5.4.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 8711 literatures that were traced from various search sources, there were 45 literatures that were included in this study. The results of the analysis on age showed the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) value of 0.45 and P <0.0001 (95% CI: 0.23-0.68), the gender analysis showed an Odds Ratio (OR) value of 3.28 and P = 0.01 (95% CI: 1.26-8.52) and the prothrombin time analysis showed SMD values of 0.41 and P = 0.07 (95%CI = -0.03-0.85).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Patients with COVID-19 who have DM have a higher risk compared to those without DM. Among COVID-19 patients with DM admitted to hospitals, they were older compared to those without DM and prothrombin time values similar but slightly higher in COVID-19 patients with DM.}, }
@article {pmid40061654, year = {2024}, author = {Priya, SP and Rao, P and Padmanabhan, V and Chaitanya, NCSK}, title = {Principles and Therapeutics of Yajna.}, journal = {Journal of pharmacy &amp; bioallied sciences}, volume = {16}, number = {Suppl 5}, pages = {S4271-S4283}, pmid = {40061654}, issn = {0976-4879}, abstract = {Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity. Yajna means selfless sacrifices performed along with sacred sounds, the mantras. The procedure includes offering selected herbal and sacred materials to the fire to obtain an array of benefits such as air purification and release of therapeutic compounds (antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antidepression, and anticonvulsant) in the form of aerosol that enriches the atmosphere and soil. Microbial intrusions into the human system such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have proved their ability to hack the elements such as air, water, and earth to coerce humans' physical and mental status. Panic during COVID (coronavirus disease) pandemic did not decline despite advanced therapeutic approaches. Vaccinating the human and animals of the entire globe within a specific time may not be a practically viable approach; adopting an alternative strategy that holistically represses the viral outbreak at various levels will support the medical and government authorities. Pandemic-combatted ancestors developed traditional remedies with secret medicinal portions prescribed to perform as rituals. One of those rituals is Yajna. Yajna procedure controls microbial load at both the environmental and zoonotic levels. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the advantages of scientifically establishing a correlation between Yajna and its potential contribution to prevent pandemics like COVID. An online search explored the phytotherapeutics of Yajna and correlated with the noninvasive drug delivery.}, }
@article {pmid40061485, year = {2025}, author = {Huo, C and Baek, J and Kim, KH}, title = {Antiviral potential of ginseng: Targeting human pathogenic viruses with compounds derived from ginseng.}, journal = {Journal of ginseng research}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {105-117}, pmid = {40061485}, issn = {1226-8453}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical need for effective antiviral therapies, as viral infections remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Natural compounds, especially those derived from plants, have been recognized for their therapeutic properties. Ginseng, in particular, has attracted considerable attention for its potential antiviral effects. This review examines the antiviral compounds from ginseng that act against various human pathogenic viruses. We systematically summarize the antiviral activities of ginseng compounds targeting a range of viruses, including human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses A, B, and C (HAV, HBV, HCV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus, norovirus, and SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. This review covers Panax ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolius, discussing their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. The analysis incorporates literature from February 2002 through August 2024, providing a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence on the antiviral properties of compounds derived from ginseng. This review aims to underscore the scientific basis for developing ginseng as an antiviral therapeutic agent or nutraceutical.}, }
@article {pmid40061285, year = {2025}, author = {McCullough, PA and Hulscher, N}, title = {Risk stratification for future cardiac arrest after COVID-19 vaccination.}, journal = {World journal of cardiology}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {103909}, pmid = {40061285}, issn = {1949-8462}, abstract = {Unheralded cardiac arrest among previously healthy young people without antecedent illness, months or years after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, highlights the urgent need for risk stratification. The most likely underlying pathophysiology is subclinical myopericarditis and reentrant ventricular tachycardia or spontaneous ventricular fibrillation that is commonly precipitated after a surge in catecholamines during exercise or the waking hours of terminal sleep. Small patches of inflammation and/or edema can be missed on cardiac imaging and autopsy, and the heart can appear grossly normal. This paper reviews evidence linking COVID-19 vaccines to cardiac arrest where unfortunately the majority of victims have had no antecedent clinical evaluation. We propose a comprehensive strategy for evaluating cardiovascular risk post-vaccination, incorporating detailed patient history, antibody testing, and cardiac diagnostics in the best attempt to detect abnormalities before sudden cardiac death. This approach aims to identify individuals at higher risk of cardiac events after COVID-19 vaccination and guide appropriate clinical management. It is prudent for each primary care physician to have a pre-established plan when addressing this issue in their practice.}, }
@article {pmid40059837, year = {2025}, author = {Nguyen, HTT and Lindahl, JF and Bett, B and Nguyen-Viet, H and Lâm, S and Nguyen-Tien, T and Unger, F and Dang-Xuan, S and Bui, TX and Le, HT and Lundkvist, &#xc5; and Ling, J and Lee, HS}, title = {Understanding zoonotic pathogens and risk factors from wildlife in Southeast Asia: a systematic literature review.}, journal = {The veterinary quarterly}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {1-17}, pmid = {40059837}, issn = {1875-5941}, mesh = {Animals ; *Zoonoses/epidemiology/transmission/microbiology ; Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology ; *Animals, Wild ; Risk Factors ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the significance of the human-animal interface in the emergence of zoonotic diseases, with wildlife serving as an important source of infection. A better understanding of the specific pathogens and mechanisms involved is vital to prepare against future outbreaks, especially in Southeast Asia, a hotspot for zoonotic diseases. This paper reviews the published literature on wildlife zoonoses in this region from 2012 to 2022. The results show a diverse range of potential zoonotic pathogens and the widespread occurrence of zoonotic diseases from wildlife. Drivers of zoonotic pathogen spillover include (i) environmental factors (e.g. animal habitat disruption, environmental conditions, exposure to contaminated water/food/soil), (ii) animal factors (e.g. movement patterns, age-related susceptibility), (iii) human factors (e.g. lack of awareness, poor hygiene practices, age, gender and income) and (iv) human-animal-environmental interface factors (e.g. close contact between humans and animals, exposure through visiting animals and presence of vectors). The diverse drivers of zoonoses in Southeast Asia put its communities at risk for infection. To mitigate these risks, global health efforts should consider adopting a One Health approach to foster collaboration across human, animal, and wildlife health sectors. This could involve educating communities on safe animal interactions and improving disease surveillance.}, }
@article {pmid40059542, year = {2025}, author = {Festa, LK and Jordan-Sciutto, KL and Grinspan, JB}, title = {Neuroinflammation: An Oligodendrocentric View.}, journal = {Glia}, volume = {73}, number = {6}, pages = {1113-1129}, pmid = {40059542}, issn = {1098-1136}, support = {R01 MH098742/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; R01 MH126773/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; TA-2204-39435//National Multiple Sclerosis Society/ ; R21 MH18121/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; R01 MH098742/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; R01 MH126773/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; R21 MH18121/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Oligodendroglia/pathology/immunology ; Animals ; *Neuroinflammatory Diseases/pathology/immunology ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology/immunology ; }, abstract = {Chronic neuroinflammation, driven by central nervous system (CNS)-resident astrocytes and microglia, as well as infiltration of the peripheral immune system, is an important pathologic mechanism across a range of neurologic diseases. For decades, research focused almost exclusively on how neuroinflammation impacted neuronal function; however, there is accumulating evidence that injury to the oligodendrocyte lineage is an important component for both pathologic and clinical outcomes. While oligodendrocytes are able to undergo an endogenous repair process known as remyelination, this process becomes inefficient and usually fails in the presence of sustained inflammation. The present review focuses on our current knowledge regarding activation of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the chronic demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis, and provides evidence that sustained neuroinflammation in other neurologic conditions, such as perinatal white matter injury, traumatic brain injury, and viral infections, converges on oligodendrocyte injury. Lastly, the therapeutic potential of targeting the impact of inflammation on the oligodendrocyte lineage in these diseases is discussed.}, }
@article {pmid40059172, year = {2025}, author = {Antonio, E and Pulik, N and Ibrahim, SK and Adenipekun, A and Levanita, S and Foster, I and Chepkirui, D and Harriss, E and Sigfrid, L and Norton, A}, title = {Research prioritisation in preparedness for and response to outbreaks of high-consequence pathogens: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {147}, pmid = {40059172}, issn = {1741-7015}, support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; CSA2022GloPID-R-3387//European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership/ ; 10061268//UK Research and Innovation/ ; 226543/Z/22/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Biomedical Research ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; *Health Priorities ; *Research ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Priority setting for research on epidemic/pandemic-prone pathogens is essential for the allocation of limited resources to optimise impact. It involves the identification of gaps in knowledge crucial to effective preparedness and response to outbreaks. This review maps priority-setting exercises, reviews their approaches to research prioritisation and describes associated monitoring and evaluation processes for research priorities on high-consequence pathogens.<br><br>METHODS: Using search terms associated with high-consequence pathogens, as defined by the WHO (2020), EMERGE (2019), European CDC (2022) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (2021), and research prioritisation, we searched WHO Global Index Medicus; Ovid Medline; Ovid Embase; Ovid Global Health; and Scopus. Grey literature sources were Google Scholar and the WHO websites, complemented by recommendations from stakeholder consultation. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full-texts including documents describing research prioritisation activities. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 125 publications presenting priority setting activities on 17 high-consequence pathogens published between 1975 and 2022. Most (62%) were related to SARS-CoV-2, 5.6% to Ebola virus and 5% to Zika virus. Three different broad approaches to setting priorities were identified, most (53%) involved external consultations with experts. Few (6%) indicated plans to monitor progress against set priorities.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the diversity in research prioritisation practice in the context of high-consequence pathogens and a limited application of the existing standards in health research prioritisation. An increased uptake of these standards and harmonisation of practice may improve quality and confidence and ultimately improve alignment of funded research with the resulting priorities.}, }
@article {pmid40059164, year = {2025}, author = {Bar-Tana, J}, title = {mTORC1 syndrome (TorS): unifying paradigm for PASC, ME/CFS and PAIS.}, journal = {Journal of translational medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {297}, pmid = {40059164}, issn = {1479-5876}, mesh = {Humans ; *Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism ; *Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/physiopathology/metabolism ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19/complications ; }, abstract = {Post-acute SarS-Cov2 (PASC), Myalgia encephalomyelitis/Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and Post-acute infection syndrome (PAIS) consist of chronic post-acute infectious syndromes, sharing exhaustive fatigue, post exertional malaise, intermittent pain, postural tachycardia and neuro-cognitive-psychiatric dysfunction. However, the concerned shared pathophysiology is still unresolved in terms of upstream drivers and transducers. Also, risk factors which may determine vulnerability/progression to the chronic phase still remain to be defined. In lack of drivers and a cohesive pathophysiology, the concerned syndromes still remain unmet therapeutic needs. 'mTORC1 Syndrome' (TorS) implies an exhaustive disease entity driven by sustained hyper-activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin C1 (mTORC1), and resulting in a variety of disease aspects of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, some cancers, neurodegeneration and other [Bar-Tana in Trends Endocrinol Metab 34:135-145, 2023]. TorS may offer a cohesive insight of PASC, ME/CFS and PAIS drivers, pathophysiology, vulnerability and treatment options.}, }
@article {pmid40058398, year = {2025}, author = {Gauna, F and Raude, J and Khouri, C and Cracowski, JL and Ward, JK}, title = {Exploring the relationship between experience of vaccine adverse events and vaccine hesitancy: A scoping review.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {2471225}, pmid = {40058398}, issn = {2164-554X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Vaccination/psychology/adverse effects ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Vaccination Refusal/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {Fear of side effects is the main motive for vaccine refusal. However, before the COVID-19 pandemic, little attention had been paid to the actual experience of adverse events and its relationship with vaccine hesitancy. This scoping review aimed to analyze the impact of VH on EAE and vice versa. We reviewed 55 articles. Most of the studies focused on COVID-19 vaccination and employed cross-sectional surveys with self-reported indicators. These studies identified significant correlations between EAE and VH. Social cognitive models shed some light on the influence of EAE on VH, while the converse is usually explained by the nocebo effect that predominately accounts for the converse. This emerging research field is hampered by significant inconsistencies in theoretical explanations, assessments of the relationship, and measurements of these two phenomena. A more comprehensive consideration of individual experience, both objective and subjective, would help develop more effective vaccine communication strategies and improve pharmacological surveillance.}, }
@article {pmid40058339, year = {2025}, author = {Micheletto, C and Aliberti, S and Andreoni, M and Blasi, F and Di Marco, F and Di Matteo, R and Gabutti, G and Harari, S and Gentile, I and Parrella, R and Siliquini, R and Sticchi, L and ,  and ,  and ,  and ,  and , }, title = {Vaccination Strategies in Respiratory Diseases: Recommendation from AIPO-ITS/ETS, SIMIT, SIP/IRS, and SItI.}, journal = {Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-19}, doi = {10.1159/000544919}, pmid = {40058339}, issn = {1423-0356}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchiectasis, are significant global health concerns associated with recurrent exacerbations, hospitalization, and increased mortality. Preventive strategies, particularly vaccination, play a crucial role in managing these diseases by reducing infection-related exacerbations and stabilizing lung function.<br><br>SUMMARY: This review summarizes the recommendations provided by four major Italian scientific societies on vaccination against key respiratory pathogens, including respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, SARS-CoV-2, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and varicella zoster virus, which pose serious risks to individuals with chronic respiratory conditions. Evidence supporting the role of vaccines in minimizing exacerbations and improving patient outcomes in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchiectasis is highlighted, alongside recent advancements in vaccine technology and recommendations for high-risk populations. This expert-led, multidisciplinary approach underlines the necessity of targeted immunization strategies to mitigate complications, lower healthcare costs, and enhance the quality of life for patients with respiratory diseases.<br><br>KEY MESSAGES: By collecting the latest evidence-based recommendations, this article aims to guide healthcare providers in adopting optimal vaccination strategies for respiratory disease management and contribute to the broader public health effort to reduce the burden of respiratory infections.}, }
@article {pmid40057783, year = {2025}, author = {Feyzbabaie, M and Rajai, N and Alizadeh, A and Azizi, M}, title = {Psychological distress among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a hybrid concept analysis.}, journal = {BMC psychology}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {218}, pmid = {40057783}, issn = {2050-7283}, mesh = {Humans ; *Students, Nursing/psychology ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Psychological Distress ; *Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Pandemics ; Qualitative Research ; Young Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the concept of psychological distress among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding its dimensions and characteristics of this phenomenon can enhance preparedness for future pandemics. Psychological distress has emerged as a significant mental health concern during the pandemic, with nursing students experiencing high levels of psychological distress caused by substantial disruptions in their educational environment.<br><br>METHOD: This study employed the Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's hybrid concept analysis model, integrating a systematic literature review with qualitative research to examine psychological distress among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature review included a comprehensive search across multiple databases, resulting in the identification of 60 relevant articles for data extraction. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were carried out with nursing students from the Army Nursing Faculty, and the data were analyzed which were analyzed using a directed content analysis approach. The findings from both phases were synthesized to provide a comprehensive definition of psychological distress in nursing students during the pandemic.<br><br>RESULTS: Psychological distress among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic was analyzed through three key dimensions: antecedents, characteristics, and consequences. Antecedents included factors such as personality traits, demographic factors, social influences, and health-related conditions, with demographics standing out as particularly impactful. The characteristics of distress were categorized into emotional-psychological, cognitive, and physical symptoms, with sleep disturbances being especially prominent. The consequences encompassed both negative outcomes-like academic setbacks, social withdrawal, and physical health problems-and positive outcomes, such as post-traumatic growth, improved coping skills, and professional advancement. The findings offer a thorough understanding of the multifaceted nature of psychological distress and its effects on nursing students.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings of this study explore the antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of students' psychological distress, providing essential insights for health policymakers and educational planners during similar pandemics. This data can inform the development, planning, and implementation of treatment and training systems designed to prevent such conditions in future pandemics. In essence, by identifying and addressing the underlying factors or antecedents of this distress, its occurrence in future pandemics could be effectively reduced.}, }
@article {pmid40056892, year = {2025}, author = {Peconi, C and Martini, E and Sarti, D and Prospero, E}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare-associated infections and multidrug-resistant microorganisms in Italy: A systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of infection and public health}, volume = {18}, number = {5}, pages = {102729}, doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102729}, pmid = {40056892}, issn = {1876-035X}, mesh = {Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Cross Infection/epidemiology/microbiology ; *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Incidence ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The diffused and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 transmission lead to high levels of hospitalization. During this period, the focus of sanitary structures was to contain COVID-19 mortality and this may have reduced the application of health associated infection (HAI) and multidrug resistant microorganism (MDRO) prevention programs.<br><br>METHODS: A search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases to identify clinical observational studies that reported the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence or incidence on HAIs and/or MDROs from December 2019 to August 2024 in Italy. Studies were included if they reported a comparison with pre-pandemic period and had a full-text available. Eligible studies were assessed for risk of bias and quality with NHI Quality Assessment Tool by two researchers independently. Data were represented in tables and a narrative synthesis was made in the text.<br><br>RESULTS: Selected studies included 4 studies reporting data on HAI (1497 total patients) and 11 studies reporting data on MDRO (80388 total patients). The majority of the studies reported an increase in HAI prevalence (9-11.1&#x202f;% range) and MDRO, in particular, gram negative MDRO had an increase range of 0.8&#x202f;%-45.6&#x202f;% and gram positive MDRO an increase range of 0.5&#x202f;%-81.8&#x202f;% from pre- to post-COVID-19 period in the different studies considered CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the critical need for active surveillance in hospital wards, the implementation of antibiotic stewardship and prescribing programs to mitigate the impact of such crises on healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, permanent training of healthcare personnel is necessary.}, }
@article {pmid40056829, year = {2025}, author = {Dhawan, M and Thakur, N and Sharma, M and Rabaan, AA}, title = {The comprehensive insights into the B-cells-mediated immune response against COVID-19 infection amid the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Biomedicine &amp; pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine &amp; pharmacotherapie}, volume = {185}, number = {}, pages = {117936}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117936}, pmid = {40056829}, issn = {1950-6007}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Animals ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; *Immunity, Cellular ; }, abstract = {The antibody-mediated immune response is crucial for the development of protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system is critical because new variants emerge as a result of the virus's ongoing evolution. Understanding the function of B cells in the SARS-CoV-2 infection process is critical for developing effective and long-lasting vaccines against this virus. Triggered by the innate immune response, B cells transform into memory B cells (MBCs). It is fascinating to observe how MBCs provide enduring immune defence, not only eradicating the infection but also safeguarding against future reinfection. If there is a lack of B cell activation or if the B cells are not functioning properly, it can lead to a serious manifestation of the disease and make immunisation less effective. Individuals with disruptions in the B cells have shown increased production of cytokines and chemokines, resulting in a poor prognosis for the disease. Therefore, we have developed an updated review article to gain insight into the involvement of B cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The discussion has covered the generation, functioning, and dynamics of neutralising antibodies (nAbs). Furthermore, we have emphasised immunotherapeutics that rely on nAbs.}, }
@article {pmid40056270, year = {2025}, author = {Basile, C}, title = {Systemic capillary leak syndrome: a nosological entity that the nephrologist must be aware of.}, journal = {Journal of nephrology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40056270}, issn = {1724-6059}, abstract = {Capillary leak syndrome occurs when plasma leaks out of capillaries into muscles, tissues, organs and body cavities. There are two major types of capillary leak syndrome: 1. secondary capillary leak syndrome: it is a single episode triggered by another disease, condition or drug; 2. idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome: it is a rare disease characterized by recurrent episodes of acute life-threatening episodes of shock, hemoconcentration, and hypoalbuminemia. An increase in capillary permeability results in reversible plasma movement into the interstitial spaces followed by the appearance of related symptoms or complications, including acute kidney injury. Cytokines are likely to be important in the pathophysiology of systemic capillary leak syndrome. Fluid management is a critical part of the treatment of systemic capillary leak syndrome: hypovolemia and hypotension can cause organ injury, whereas capillary leakage of administered fluid can worsen organ edema leading to progressive organ injury.Although systemic capillary leak syndrome is a rare entity, it can be life-threatening. The nephrologist must be aware of the potential and serious complications linked to this pathology, including the need for kidney replacement therapy. This review aims to increase awareness of systemic capillary leak syndrome in the nephrology community.}, }
@article {pmid40056149, year = {2025}, author = {Shah, RR}, title = {Challenges, opportunities, and therapeutic potential of JAK inhibitors and their derived PROTACs (2022 - 2023).}, journal = {Expert opinion on therapeutic patents}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-12}, doi = {10.1080/13543776.2025.2477486}, pmid = {40056149}, issn = {1744-7674}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Since the approval of the first JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib, in 2011, the development of JAK inhibitors has expanded significantly, with applications spanning autoimmune diseases, cancer, and inflammatory disorders. This review explores the challenges and therapeutic potential of JAK inhibitors and their evolution into proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which offer novel avenues for selective JAK modulation.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: This review examines recent advancements in JAK inhibitors, including their mechanism of action, structure activity relationships, clinical applications, and emerging safety concerns. Additionally, PROTAC-based strategies targeting JAK proteins are discussed, highlighting their potential advantages over traditional small-molecule inhibitors. A comprehensive patent literature search was conducted, focusing on publications and patents from 2022 to 2023. Key selection criteria included small-molecule JAK inhibitors and JAK-targeting PROTACs with associated preclinical data.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: While JAK inhibitors have transformed the treatment of various diseases, safety concerns, including risks of venous thromboembolism and herpes zoster, pose challenges to their widespread use. The advent of JAK-targeting PROTACs represents a promising strategy to enhance selectivity and mitigate off-target effects. However, further research is needed to optimize their therapeutic potential and establish their clinical viability.}, }
@article {pmid40055942, year = {2025}, author = {Kahal, F and Al Darra, A and Torbey, A}, title = {Computer vision syndrome: a comprehensive literature review.}, journal = {Future science OA}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {2476923}, pmid = {40055942}, issn = {2056-5623}, abstract = {Computer Vision Syndrome is a growing health concern in the digital age, with a reported prevalence of 69.0%. It is caused by screen-related, environmental, ergonomic, and physiological factors, affecting diverse demographics. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly amplified CVS due to increased screen time for remote work, online learning, and social media use, with studies reporting symptoms in up to 74% of individuals. Unique visual challenges from digital screens, including reduced clarity and glare, exacerbate symptoms like dry eyes and discomfort, especially in those with uncorrected vision. Understanding CVS is crucial for mitigating its impact through effective prevention and management strategies. This study explores the causes, diagnosis, management, and prevention strategies of CVS by synthesizing recent findings from optometry, occupational health, digital health, and ergonomics. It also highlights emerging trends such as AI, wearables, and augmented reality while providing practical management strategies. A narrative review of literature from 2014 to 2024 was conducted, focusing on PubMed-indexed, peer-reviewed articles, including meta-analyses and systematic reviews, with priority given to recent, highly cited studies.}, }
@article {pmid40055630, year = {2025}, author = {de Souza, AMLB and de Araújo, EF and Junior, NC and Raimundo, ACS and Pereira, AC and de Castro Meneghim, M}, title = {Association between SARS-CoV-2 and stroke: perspectives from a metaumbrella-review.}, journal = {BMC neurology}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {97}, pmid = {40055630}, issn = {1471-2377}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *Stroke/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {In the face of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the need arose to investigate potential complications associated with SARS-CoV-2, including the risk of stroke.ObjectiveThis study aimed to verify the association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the risk of stroke on the basis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to assess the inclusion of the virus as a new risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases.MethodsA metaumbrella study was conducted, which included 34 systematic reviews, of which 4 were selected for the final analysis on the basis of methodological quality and consistency. The analysis aggregated the results of 70 primary studies, considering different stroke subtypes and outcomes associated with COVID-19. Study heterogeneity was assessed via the I[2] index, and significance bias was verified via Egger's test.ResultsCOVID-19 severity was significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke (eOR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.55-3.95), particularly ischemic stroke (eOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.11-2.80) and hemorrhagic stroke (eOR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.79-8.33). Additionally, patients with cerebrovascular comorbidities had higher mortality (eOR = 2.48; 95% CI: 2.48-19.63), as did those who had previously suffered a stroke (eOR = 6.08; 95% CI: 3.73-9.91).ConclusionThe association between SARS-CoV-2 and stroke incidence was consistent and significant, suggesting that COVID-19 should be considered a new risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases. However, the high heterogeneity among the studies analyzed reinforces the need for further research to consolidate this relationship.}, }
@article {pmid40055181, year = {2025}, author = {Gillani, MKUH and Sajid, MK}, title = {The Need for a Multidimensional Approach to Mortality Prediction in COVID-19: A Critical Review of Recent Findings.}, journal = {Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP}, volume = {35}, number = {3}, pages = {394-395}, doi = {10.29271/jcpsp.2025.03.394}, pmid = {40055181}, issn = {1681-7168}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Prognosis ; }, abstract = {Null.}, }
@article {pmid40055107, year = {2025}, author = {Alsoubani, M and Chow, J}, title = {Navigating Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Immunocompromised Populations: Evolving Risk Factors, Treatment, and Outcomes.}, journal = {Infectious disease clinics of North America}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {309-329}, doi = {10.1016/j.idc.2025.02.005}, pmid = {40055107}, issn = {1557-9824}, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; *COVID-19/therapy/epidemiology/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; HIV Infections/immunology ; Organ Transplantation ; Transplant Recipients ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted immunocompromised hosts, leading to higher morbidity and mortality. The clinical outcomes have varied based on the degree of immunosuppression, treatment availability, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants, and vaccination status. This review discusses the evolving epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and prevention strategies for COVID-19 in immunocompromised populations, including patients living with human immunodeficiency virus, solid organ transplant, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.}, }
@article {pmid40054170, year = {2025}, author = {Aalam, J and Ahmad Shah, SN and Parveen, R}, title = {An extensive review on infectious disease diagnosis using machine learning techniques and next generation sequencing: State-of-the-art and perspectives.}, journal = {Computers in biology and medicine}, volume = {189}, number = {}, pages = {109962}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.109962}, pmid = {40054170}, issn = {1879-0534}, mesh = {Humans ; *High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; *Machine Learning ; *Communicable Diseases/diagnosis/genetics ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Algorithms ; }, abstract = {UNLABELLED: Infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), HIV/AIDS, and emerging pathogens like COVID-19 pose severe global health challenges due to their rapid spread and significant morbidity and mortality rates. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as transformative technologies for enhancing disease diagnosis and management.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This review aims to explore integrating ML techniques with NGS for diagnosing infectious diseases, highlighting their effectiveness and identifying existing challenges.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive literature review spanning the past decade was conducted using reputable databases, including IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Science Direct. Research papers, articles, and conference proceedings meeting stringent quality criteria were analysed to assess the performance of ML algorithms applied to NGS and metagenomic NGS (mNGS) data.<br><br>RESULTS: The findings reveal that ML algorithms, such as deep neural networks (DNNs), support vector machines (SVM), and K-nearest neighbours (KNN), achieve high accuracy rates, often exceeding 95&#xa0;%, in diagnosing infectious diseases. Deep learning methods excel in genomic and metagenomic data analysis, while traditional algorithms like Gaussian mixture models (GMM) also demonstrate robust classification capabilities. Challenges include reliance on single data types and difficulty distinguishing closely related pathogens.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The integration of ML and NGS significantly advances infectious disease diagnosis, offering rapid and precise detection capabilities. Addressing current limitations can further enhance the effectiveness of these technologies, ultimately improving global public health outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40053793, year = {2025}, author = {Yew, SQ and Trivedi, D and Adanan, NIH and Chew, BH}, title = {Facilitators and Barriers to the Implementation of Digital Health Technologies in Hospital Settings in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries Since the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e63482}, pmid = {40053793}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Developing Countries ; *Hospitals ; *Telemedicine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; *Digital Technology ; Digital Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although the implementation process of digital health technologies (DHTs) has been extensively documented in high-income countries, the factors that facilitate and prevent their implementation in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) may differ for various reasons.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To address this gap in research, this scoping review aims to determine the facilitators and barriers to implementing DHTs in LMIC hospital settings following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the review outlined the types of DHTs that have been implemented in LMICs' hospitals during this pandemic and finally developed a classification framework to categorize the landscape of DHTs.<br><br>METHODS: Systematic searches were conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published from March 2020 to December 2023. We extracted data on authors, publication years, study objectives, study countries, disease conditions, types of DHTs, fields of clinical medicine where the DHTs are applied, study designs, sample sizes, characteristics of the study population, study location, and data collection methods of the included studies. Both quantitative and qualitative data were utilized to conduct a thematic analysis, using a deductive method based on the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM), to identify facilitators and barriers to DHT implementation. Finally, all accessible DHTs were identified and organized to create a novel classification framework.<br><br>RESULTS: Twelve studies were included from 292 retrieved articles. Telemedicine (n=5) was the most commonly used DHT in LMICs' hospitals, followed by hospital information systems (n=4), electronic medical records (n=2), and mobile health (n=1). These 4 DHTs, among the other existing DHTs, allowed us to develop a novel classification framework for DHTs. The included studies used qualitative methods (n=4), which included interviews and focus groups, quantitative methods (n=5), or a combination of both (n=2). Among the 64 facilitators of DHT implementation, the availability of continuous on-the-job training (n=3), the ability of DHTs to prevent cross-infection (n=2), and positive previous experiences using DHTs (n=2) were the top 3 reported facilitators. However, of the 44 barriers to DHT implementation, patients with poor digital literacy and skills in DHTs (n=3), inadequate awareness regarding DHTs among health care professionals and stakeholders (n=2), and concerns regarding the accuracy of disease diagnosis and treatment through DHTs (n=2) were commonly reported.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In the postpandemic era, telemedicine, along with other DHTs, has seen increased implementation in hospitals within LMICs. All facilitators and barriers can be categorized into 6 themes, namely, (1) Aspects of the Health Care System; (2) Perspectives of Patients; (3) External Environment; (4) Implementation of Sustainable Infrastructure; (5) Characteristics of Health Care Organization; and (6) Characteristics of Patients.}, }
@article {pmid40053716, year = {2025}, author = {Valdes, D and Shanker, A and Hijazi, G and Mensah, DO and Bockarie, T and Lazar, I and Ibrahim, SA and Zolfagharinia, H and Procter, R and Spencer, R and Dale, J and Paule, A and Medlin, LJ and Tharuvara Kallottil, K}, title = {Global Evidence on the Sustainability of Telemedicine in Outpatient and Primary Care During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review Using the Nonadoption, Abandonment, Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) Framework.}, journal = {Interactive journal of medical research}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {e45367}, pmid = {40053716}, issn = {1929-073X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rapid implementation of telemedicine during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic raises questions about the sustainability of this intervention at the global level.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This research examines the patient experience, health inequalities, and clinician-patient relationship in telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic's first 2 years, aiming to identify sustainability factors.<br><br>METHODS: This study was based on a prepublished protocol using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. We included academic and gray literature published between March 2020 and March 2022 according to these criteria: (1) population (any group); (2) concepts (patient experience, clinician-patient relationship, health inequalities); (3) context (telemedicine in primary and outpatient care); (4) excluding studies pertaining to surgery, oncology, and (inpatient) psychiatry. We searched Ovid Medline/PubMed (January 1, 2022), Web of Science (March 19, 2022), Google/Google Scholar (February and March 2022), and others. The risk of bias was not assessed as per guidance. We used an analysis table for the studies and color-coded tabular mapping against a health care technology adoption framework to identify sustainability (using double-blind extraction).<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 134 studies that met our criteria, 49.3% (66/134) reported no specific population group. Regarding the concepts, 41.8% (56/134) combined 2 of the concepts studied. The context analysis identified that 56.0% (75/134) of the studies referred to, according to the definition in the United Kingdom, an outpatient (ambulatory care) setting, and 34.3% (46/134) referred to primary care. The patient experience analysis reflected positive satisfaction and sustained access during lockdowns. The clinician-patient relationship impacts were nuanced, affecting interaction and encounter quality. When mapping to the nonadoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, and sustainability (NASSS) framework, 81.3% (109/134) of the studies referenced the innovation's sustainability. Although positive overall, there were some concerns about sustainability based on quality, eHealth literacy, and access to health care for vulnerable migrants and the uninsured.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We identified confusion between the concepts of patient experience and patient satisfaction; therefore, future research could focus on established frameworks to qualify the patient experience across the whole pathway and not just the remote encounter. As expected, our research found mainly descriptive analyses, so there is a need for more robust evidence methods identifying impacts of changes in treatment pathways. This study illustrates modern methods to decolonize academic research by using gray literature extracts in other languages. We acknowledge that the use of Google to identify gray literature at the global level and in other languages has implications on reproducibility. We did not consider synchronous text-based communication.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework 4z5ut; https://osf.io/4z5ut/.}, }
@article {pmid40053712, year = {2025}, author = {De la Torre, K and Min, S and Lee, H and Kang, D}, title = {The Application of Preventive Medicine in the Future Digital Health Era.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e59165}, pmid = {40053712}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {Humans ; *Preventive Medicine/trends/methods ; *Telemedicine/trends ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Artificial Intelligence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Precision Medicine ; Breast Neoplasms/prevention &amp; control ; Pandemics ; Digital Health ; }, abstract = {A number of seismic shifts are expected to reshape the future of medicine. The global population is rapidly aging, significantly impacting the global disease burden. Medicine is undergoing a paradigm shift, defining and diagnosing diseases at earlier stages and shifting the health care focus from treating diseases to preventing them. The application and purview of digital medicine are expected to broaden significantly. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the shift toward predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory (P4) medicine, and has identified health care accessibility, affordability, and patient empowerment as core values in the future digital health era. This "left shift" toward preventive care is anticipated to redefine health care, emphasizing health promotion over disease treatment. In the future, the traditional triad of preventive medicine-primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention-will be realized with technologies such as genomics, artificial intelligence, bioengineering and wearable devices, and telemedicine. Breast cancer and diabetes serve as case studies to demonstrate how these technologies such as personalized risk assessment, artificial intelligence-assisted and app-based technologies, have been developed and commercialized to provide personalized preventive care, identifying those at a higher risk and providing instructions and interventions for healthier lifestyles and improved quality of life. Overall, preventive medicine and the use of advanced technology will hold great potential for improving health care outcomes in the future.}, }
@article {pmid40053131, year = {2025}, author = {Erdekian, A and Glock, M and Huetter, S and Rueb, M and Riedinger, D and Stoffers-Winterling, J and Lindner, S and Baum, F and Hölzel, LP and Tüscher, O and Lieb, K and Adorjan, K and Wiegand, HF}, title = {[Utilization of mental health services in Germany during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic-Systematic review and meta-analysis].}, journal = {Der Nervenarzt}, volume = {96}, number = {3}, pages = {257-265}, pmid = {40053131}, issn = {1433-0407}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; Humans ; Germany/epidemiology ; *Mental Health Services/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Pandemics ; *Mental Disorders/epidemiology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic studies showed indications of changes in the utilization of inpatient, outpatient and emergency mental healthcare services; however, the level of observation and representativeness of these studies were heterogeneous.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: Changes in the utilization of psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic were classified through a&#xa0;systematic literature search, evaluation of the quality and observational levels as well as a meta-analysis of the effects.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, PsycInfo and Embase until June 2023 and a follow-up search in PubMed up to and including October 2024. Data were assigned to the periods first lockdown phase, between lockdown phases, second lockdown phase and entire pandemic year 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 17&#xa0;studies were included. There were reductions in the number of inpatient admissions for the first lockdown phase of relative risk, RR&#xa0;0.74, 95% confidence interval CI 0.70-0.79, I[2] 95.5%, t[2] 0.0053 and for the second lockdown phase of RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.75-0.81, I[2] 97.1%, t[2] 0.0058. Only studies with a low observational level were found for psychiatric emergency care and only two studies with different indicators for outpatient utilization. There were no clear changes in the prescription of psychotropic drugs.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic utilization of mental healthcare services was reduced, especially for the inpatient sector. The effects of these significant restrictions are unclear. We therefore propose a&#xa0;mental healthcare surveillance that could promptly record such changes and possible consequences.}, }
@article {pmid40052869, year = {2025}, author = {Hutzler, LH and Roof, M and Bosco, JA and Lajam, C}, title = {Measuring Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: A Primer of Existing Metrics.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons}, volume = {33}, number = {6}, pages = {301-306}, doi = {10.5435/JAAOS-D-23-00467}, pmid = {40052869}, issn = {1940-5480}, mesh = {Humans ; *Health Equity ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Cultural Diversity ; *Healthcare Disparities ; *Orthopedics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Health equity is the fair and just opportunity for every individual to achieve their full potential in all aspects of health and well being. The combination of the COVID-19 pandemic and increased awareness of social injustice shed critical light on health inequities. DEI efforts in health care directly affect patient outcomes and quality of life. By creating and implementing high-quality DEI programs, our orthopedic surgery practices and organizations can help ameliorate healthcare inequities and deliver inclusive, person-centered, and culturally competent patient care. Substantial variability in definition, data collection, methodology, and goals exist between organizations that measure health equity. DEI metrics and targets will be used to measure quality, but reliance on data acquired through patient questionnaires or through their interaction with technology may exclude the most at-risk populations. The purpose of this review is to outline the various organizations involved in evaluating DEI metrics so that orthopaedic teams can better measure and more effectively report the effect of DEI efforts on patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40051665, year = {2025}, author = {Sakellaropoulos, SG and Sakellaropoulos, PG and Steinberg, BS and Rogers, C and Ismael, O and Scholl, EW and Mohammed, M and Mitsis, A and Patrinou, NG}, title = {Five Years of Long COVID Syndrome: An Updated Review on Cardiometabolic and Psychiatric Aspects.}, journal = {Cardiology research}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {81-85}, pmid = {40051665}, issn = {1923-2829}, abstract = {Five years after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is still a significant number of people who have survived COVID-19 but never fully recovered from the disease. They go through an odyssey of doctor visits and a multitude of diagnostic tests, which ultimately do not provide concrete correlations and answers to the question of how exactly long COVID (LC) affects both physical and mental health, and performance. Often, not even highly technical and highly specialized methods, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can provide further explanation. Various research efforts continue to investigate the causes, effects and possible treatments of LC, particularly its impact on cognition and mental health. Patients with LC may experience persistent symptoms, but new symptoms also occur. Based on available studies, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) does not only affect the pulmonary system, but nearly every major system and organ, from the brain and heart to the kidneys and immune system. What mechanisms could explain the persistent symptoms of LC and the inadequate recovery? How valuable is an early internal and neurological examination, particularly in the context of psychotherapy? In this review, we examined which factors could contribute to the persistence of LC symptoms and to what extent mitochondrial impairment by LC can explain the symptoms of LC.}, }
@article {pmid40051614, year = {2025}, author = {Yao, JH and Ortega, EF and Panda, A}, title = {Impact of zinc on immunometabolism and its putative role on respiratory diseases.}, journal = {Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey)}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {e00057}, pmid = {40051614}, issn = {2633-0407}, abstract = {Zinc is the second most abundant trace mineral in the human body and plays a critical role in immune cell function and metabolism. Zinc deficiency impairs immune cell function and is associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory diseases, including pneumonia, influenza, and COVID-19. Zinc homeostasis, maintained by numerous zinc transporters and metal-binding proteins (ie, metallothionein), is essential for coordinating immune cell signaling, gene expression, and enzymatic activities in response to respiratory infections. This article highlights the emerging role of zinc in various aspects of immune function, particularly through its influence on cellular metabolism. Given the significant global burden of respiratory diseases, there is a need to identify effective nutritional interventions that could be readily leveraged to prevent and/or mitigate respiratory disease risk, particularly in older adults who are prone to zinc deficiency. However, the immunometabolic mechanisms underlying zinc's protective effects remain poorly characterized. Future research should focus on elucidating how micronutrients, such as zinc, can support changes in immune cell metabolism in response to infections. Such efforts will help determine how zinc metabolism and zinc intervention strategies may best be leveraged to prevent or mitigate respiratory disease.}, }
@article {pmid40051500, year = {2025}, author = {Makhoba, XH}, title = {Two sides of the same coin: heat shock proteins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for some complex diseases.}, journal = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1491227}, pmid = {40051500}, issn = {2296-889X}, abstract = {Heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that play crucial roles in the folding and unfolding of complex polypeptides within the cellular system. These molecules are involved in various processes, including vesicular transport, prevention of protein aggregation in the cytosol, and cell signaling. They are also linked to autoimmunity, infection immunity, and tumor immunology. Stressors like heat shock, exposure to heavy metals, cytokines, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and viruses can influence the production of these molecules. In complex diseases such as cancer, malaria, and COVID-19, heat shock proteins are considered both biomarkers and drug targets. The upregulation of small heat shock proteins like hsp27 and major heat shock proteins 70/90 has been recognized as crucial biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. Additionally, it has been reported that the invasion of Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of malaria, leads to the upregulation of heat shock proteins such as hsp40, hsp70, and hsp90. This sudden increase is a protective mechanism from the human host and enhances the parasite's growth, making these proteins significant as biomarkers and malarial drug targets. The presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the human cellular system correlates with a substantial increase in heat shock protein 70 production from host cells. Furthermore, our research group has demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 hijacks the host's heat shock proteins, and we are currently developing tools to prevent the virus from utilizing the host's protein folding system. This review aims to highlight the role of heat shock proteins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for selected refractory diseases, focusing on cancer, malaria, and COVID-19. A fundamental molecular docking study was performed to investigate the interaction between a non-structural complex from SARS-CoV-2 and chosen small molecules, which is emphasized in this review.}, }
@article {pmid40051465, year = {2025}, author = {He, M and Liu, Y and Guan, Z and Li, C and Zhang, Z}, title = {Neuroimaging insights into lung disease-related brain changes: from structure to function.}, journal = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience}, volume = {17}, number = {}, pages = {1550319}, pmid = {40051465}, issn = {1663-4365}, abstract = {Lung diseases induce changes in brain structure and function, leading to a range of cognitive, emotional, and motor deficits. The concept of the lung-brain axis has been proposed through neuroanatomy, endocrine, and immune pathway, while a considerable number of studies also explored the existence of the lung-brain axis from a neuroimaging perspective. This survey summarizes studies exploring the relationship between lung disease and brain structure and function from neuroimaging perspective, particular in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We have collated existing lung diseases studies and categorized them into four types: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), lung cancer and other lung diseases. The observed structural and functional changes in the brain and cognitive dysfunction induced by lung diseases are discussed. We also present distinct pattern of brain changes in various lung diseases. Neuroimaging changes in COPD are concentrated in the frontal lobes, including gray matter atrophy, white matter damage, and reduced perfusion. Patients with COVID-19 exhibit extensive microhemorrhages and neuroinflammation, brain regions functionally connected to the primary olfactory cortex show greater changes. For lung cancer patients, brain changes are mainly attributed to the neurotoxicity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, with damage concentrated in subcortical structures, patients with cancer pain demonstrate hyperconnectivity in motor and visual networks. The survey also discusses the pathological mechanisms revealed in neuroimaging studies and clinical significance of current studies. Finally, we analyzed current limitations, mainly in terms of small sample size, non-standardized criteria, reliance on correlation analyses, lack of longitudinal studies, and absence of reliable biomarkers. We suggest future research directions should include leveraging artificial intelligence for biomarker development, conducting longitudinal and multicenter studies, and investigating the systemic effects of lung disease on the brain and neuromodulation strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40051347, year = {2025}, author = {Hwang, YH and Min, DH and Beom Park, W}, title = {Limitations of neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials and a call for additional correlates of protection.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {2473795}, pmid = {40051347}, issn = {2164-554X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology ; *Vaccine Efficacy ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic accelerated development of various vaccine platforms. Among them, mRNA vaccines played a crucial role in controlling the pandemic due to their swift development and efficacy against virus variants. Despite the success of these vaccines, recent studies highlight challenges in evaluating vaccine efficacy, especially in individuals with prior COVID-19 infection. Weakened neutralizing antibody responses after additional doses are observed in these populations, raising concerns about using neutralizing antibody titers as the sole immune correlate of protection. While neutralizing antibodies remain the primary endpoint in immunogenicity trials, they may not fully capture the immune response in populations with widespread prior infection or vaccination. This review explores reduced neutralizing antibody responses in previously infected individuals, and their impact on vaccine efficacy evaluation. It also offers recommendations for improving efficacy assessment, stressing incorporation of additional immune markers such as cell-mediated immunity to enable more comprehensive understanding of vaccine-induced immunity.}, }
@article {pmid40051042, year = {2025}, author = {Das, C and Kundu, CN}, title = {Decoding the molecular complexity of viruses in human cancer: insights into host cell infection, oncogenesis, and therapeutic prospects.}, journal = {Critical reviews in microbiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-24}, doi = {10.1080/1040841X.2025.2461045}, pmid = {40051042}, issn = {1549-7828}, abstract = {Infections account for approximately 15% of human cancers worldwide. Viruses are the most predominant infectious agents and can infect and alter various types of human cells thereby leading to the development of various forms of cancer. Current studies have reported that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HBC), human papillomavirus (HPV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), Markel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), and BK polyomavirus are the most important oncogenic viruses that are directly involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Additionally, some recent studies have also reported that some non-oncogenic viruses, such as COVID-19 causing SARS-CoV-2, HIV and Dengue may potentially facilitate the onset of cancer. In this review, we outline the current knowledge of the molecular machinery of viral infection, and how viral oncogenic proteins play a specific role in cellular transformation as well as oncogenesis. Here, we have also discussed the available preventive and treatment approaches for viral infection and oncogenesis. This review will further help in the making of a roadmap for future research and the development of effective therapies such as precision medicine, gene therapies, vaccine development, and immunotherapy.}, }
@article {pmid40050867, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, H and Ge, C and Fisher, D and Hien, NTT and Musabaev, E and Pronyuk, K and Xia, Y and Zhu, Z and Wang, Y and Dang, Y and Zhao, L}, title = {Antiviral treatment for viral pneumonia: current drugs and natural compounds.}, journal = {Virology journal}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {62}, pmid = {40050867}, issn = {1743-422X}, support = {81974530//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022EHB039//Hubei International Sciencific and Technological Cooperation Project/ ; }, mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy/virology ; *Biological Products/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; COVID-19/virology ; }, abstract = {In recent years, viral pneumonia has become a significant challenge to global public health, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Viral pneumonia can be caused by various viruses, including influenza virus, RSV, and adenovirus. These viruses trigger inflammatory responses by invading the respiratory epithelial cells, leading to lung damage. Existing antiviral drugs such as ribavirin, adobiravir, and oseltamivir exert their therapeutic effects by inhibiting different stages of the viral life cycle but face issues such as increasing drug resistance. Natural components like astragalus saponins, Houttuynia cordata flavonoids, and tea theaflavin-gallates have demonstrated supportive roles in antiviral treatments, capable of not only enhancing immune responses but also potentially inhibiting viral replication through multiple pathways, thereby alleviating lung damage. Although natural components cannot entirely replace traditional antiviral drugs, their role in comprehensive treatment regimens is becoming increasingly important. This review summarizes the current applications and limitations of antiviral drugs and explores the research progress and potential mechanisms of natural components in the treatment of viral pneumonia.}, }
@article {pmid40050642, year = {2025}, author = {Santigli, E and Lindner, M and Kessler, HH and Jakse, N and Fakheran, O}, title = {Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among oral health care workers with natural seroconversion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {7848}, pmid = {40050642}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology/virology/blood ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/blood ; *Health Personnel/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Seroconversion ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; }, abstract = {Aerosol and droplet exposure makes oral health care workers (OHCWs) highly susceptible to transmissible infections, for example with SARS-CoV-2. Population-based screening is useful in understanding public health interventions in COVID-19. This systematic review with meta-analysis presents the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among OHCWs. An electronic search has been performed to identify records indexed in Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library until December 2023. All observational studies providing data on SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in OHCWs with natural seroconversion were included. The quality of 722 records was evaluated using the Joana Brigg's Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. Finally, ten studies were considered as eligible encompassing point-seroprevalence data on 6,083 dental professionals (dentists, assistants, and administrative staff) from seven European countries and Brazil. The antibody seroprevalence was pooled by a meta-analysis performed with MedCalc® statistical software. Applying random effects model, the overall seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G antibodies among OHCWs was estimated at 13.49% (95% CI 9.15-18.52%). The data indicate a somewhat increased occupation-specific risk for COVID-19 but more studies are required, especially later in the pandemic and following vaccination.}, }
@article {pmid40050633, year = {2025}, author = {Ma, W and Tang, S and Yao, P and Zhou, T and Niu, Q and Liu, P and Tang, S and Chen, Y and Gan, L and Cao, Y}, title = {Advances in acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on heterogeneity, pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies.}, journal = {Signal transduction and targeted therapy}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {75}, pmid = {40050633}, issn = {2059-3635}, support = {82241060//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 82272241//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 82402574//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 82270392//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 2023M732462//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy/physiopathology/pathology ; *COVID-19/therapy/pathology/virology/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Immunotherapy ; }, abstract = {In recent years, the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been gradually increasing. Despite advances in supportive care, ARDS remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. ARDS is characterized by acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure with diffuse pulmonary inflammation and bilateral edema due to excessive alveolocapillary permeability in patients with non-cardiogenic pulmonary diseases. Over the past seven decades, our understanding of the pathology and clinical characteristics of ARDS has evolved significantly, yet it remains an area of active research and discovery. ARDS is highly heterogeneous, including diverse pathological causes, clinical presentations, and treatment responses, presenting a significant challenge for clinicians and researchers. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the latest advancements in ARDS research, focusing on its heterogeneity, pathophysiological mechanisms, and emerging therapeutic approaches, such as cellular therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Moreover, we also examine the pathological characteristics of COVID-19-related ARDS and discuss the corresponding therapeutic approaches. In the face of challenges posed by ARDS heterogeneity, recent advancements offer hope for improved patient outcomes. Further research is essential to translate these findings into effective clinical interventions and personalized treatment approaches for ARDS, ultimately leading to better outcomes for patients suffering from ARDS.}, }
@article {pmid40050389, year = {2025}, author = {Hirosawa, K and Inomata, T and Nagino, K and Sung, J and Midorikawa-Inomata, A and Inagaki, K and Kobayashi, H and Nakao, S}, title = {Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the trends of care-seeking behavior for ocular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {7800}, pmid = {40050389}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {24K23518//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 20K09810//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 21K17311//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; *Eye Diseases/epidemiology/therapy ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Female ; Male ; Ambulatory Care ; Adult ; }, abstract = {We aimed to assess the clinical and epidemiological impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the number of ophthalmology outpatient department (oOPD) visits. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for literature published between January 1, 2020, and December 5, 2022. The extracted data were pooled using a random-effects model. The primary outcome was the number of oOPD visits. Of the 335 screened articles, 21 and 16 were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses, respectively. Among the 16 studies included in the meta-analysis, 7 involving 4,204,209 individuals reported the number of oOPD visits during the pandemic. Compared with the number of pre-pandemic visits, the numbers of oOPD visits declined to 58.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.378-0.784) and 29.8% (95% CI 0.130-0.465) during the pandemic and lockdown, respectively. The proportions of female patient visits decreased from 50.9 to 47.8% and from 48.3 to 42.3% during the pandemic and lockdown, respectively. The proportions of adult visits increased from 86.3 to 89.6% and decreased from 90.6 to 80.1% during the pandemic and lockdown, respectively. The decrease in oOPD visits during the pandemic may have caused delays in diagnosis and treatment, potentially exacerbating the existing ocular diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40049877, year = {2025}, author = {Zeng, X and Li, C and Li, Z and Tao, Z and Li, M}, title = {Review of research advances in microbial sterilization technologies and applications in the built environment.}, journal = {Journal of environmental sciences (China)}, volume = {154}, number = {}, pages = {314-348}, doi = {10.1016/j.jes.2024.09.026}, pmid = {40049877}, issn = {1001-0742}, mesh = {*Sterilization/methods ; *Built Environment ; *Air Pollution, Indoor/prevention &amp; control ; *Air Microbiology ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {As globalization accelerates, microbial contamination in the built environment poses a major public health challenge. Especially since Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), microbial sterilization technology has become a crucial research area for indoor air pollution control in order to create a hygienic and safe built environment. Based on this, the study reviews sterilization technologies in the built environment, focusing on the principles, efficiency and applicability, revealing advantages and limitations, and summarizing current research advances. Despite the efficacy of single sterilization technologies in specific environments, the corresponding side effects still exist. Thus, this review highlights the efficiency of hybrid sterilization technologies, providing an in-depth understanding of the practical application in the built environment. Also, it presents an outlook on the future direction of sterilization technology, including the development of new methods that are more efficient, energy-saving, and targeted to better address microbial contamination in the complex and changing built environment. Overall, this study provides a clear guide for selecting technologies to handle microbial contamination in different building environments in the future, as well as a scientific basis for developing more effective air quality control strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40049540, year = {2025}, author = {Wall, EK and Virakorn, EA and Baker, KD and Cohen, EM and Richardson, R}, title = {Preclinical behavioral and pharmacological treatments for enhancing fear extinction in adolescence.}, journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews}, volume = {172}, number = {}, pages = {106090}, doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106090}, pmid = {40049540}, issn = {1873-7528}, mesh = {*Extinction, Psychological/drug effects/physiology ; *Fear/drug effects/psychology/physiology ; Humans ; Animals ; Adolescent ; *Anxiety Disorders/therapy/drug therapy ; COVID-19/psychology ; }, abstract = {Adolescence is a window of vulnerability for the development of anxiety disorders but also a window of opportunity for treatments to minimize the long-term impact of such disorders. Current first-line treatments, primarily exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), have limited long-term efficacy in adolescents. The urgent need for more effective interventions is underscored by the frequent reports of extinction impairments in adolescents as well as the rising anxiety rates in youth, particularly post-COVID-19. Preclinical research on the extinction of learned fear in adolescents may contribute to developing better treatment approaches to anxiety in this age group. Unfortunately, this is still a largely under-explored area. However, both pharmacological and behavioral augmentation strategies can be used to enhance extinction learning and consolidation. Here we describe work exploring such adjuncts, focusing on pre-clinical work with rodents. Much of the research to date shows striking developmental differences in response to various pharmacological treatments, with only a few shown to be effective in adolescents. Further, recent experience of stress reduces the efficacy of these treatments in adolescence. This review highlights the necessity for tailored strategies, especially when it comes to pharmacological adjuncts, that address developmental differences in drug responses as well as the impact of stressful experiences on treatment efficacy.}, }
@article {pmid40049397, year = {2025}, author = {Camelo, S and Dioh, W and Teixeira, JP and Busse, LW and Nair, G and Plantefeve, G and Morelot-Panzini, C and Lobo, SM and Self, WH and Collins, SP and Van Maanen, R and Veillet, S}, title = {Modulation of the renin-angiotensin system against COVID-19: A path forward?.}, journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases}, volume = {154}, number = {}, pages = {107867}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107867}, pmid = {40049397}, issn = {1878-3511}, mesh = {Humans ; *Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Pandemics ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; *Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *Betacoronavirus/drug effects ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Soon after the pandemic outbreak in 2020, it was proposed that binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 may explain most of COVID-19's manifestations. Therefore, manipulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by using well known and commercialized blockers of its classical arm or by repurposing new stimulators of the alternative RAS pathway in clinical development was seen as a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of COVID-19. Moreover, this therapeutic approach had previously shown significant promise in the treatment of other respiratory viral respiratory infections and forms of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Consequently, several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were launched to test the efficacy of rebalancing the RAS to reduce the severity of COVID-19. While most of these trials produced neutral results, certain studies reached their primary endpoints. In the present collaborative review, sponsors and main investigators of some of these trials attempt to reach a consensus regarding their clinical significance and which factors influenced their differing outcomes. The knowledge gained through the careful analysis of these RCTs of RAS modulators in patients with severe COVID-19 may prove useful for other forms of acute lung injury.}, }
@article {pmid40049326, year = {2025}, author = {Kitano, T and Salmon, DA and Dudley, MZ and Saldanha, IJ and Thompson, DA and Engineer, L}, title = {A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Health-State Utility Values for Infectious Diseases With Pandemic Potential and Associated Vaccine Adverse Reactions.}, journal = {Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jval.2025.02.007}, pmid = {40049326}, issn = {1524-4733}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic and its vaccine deployment have illustrated the importance of estimating the disease burden of the pandemic and vaccine adverse reactions in a comparable fashion. The objective was to evaluate health-state utility value (HSUV) scores for infectious diseases with pandemic potential and associated vaccine adverse reactions.<br><br>METHODS: We included studies from which we could extract a single HSUV associated with priority infectious diseases with pandemic potential or associated vaccine adverse reactions. We assessed risk of bias using the criteria recommended by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses.<br><br>RESULTS: We included 39 studies, and data synthesis was conducted for COVID-19, influenza, and dengue for infectious diseases and myocarditis and narcolepsy for vaccine adverse reactions. Response rates varied (2%-98%), whereas follow-up rates ranged from 68% to 100%. Twenty-four studies did not report how they handled missing data. Compared with control groups, COVID-19 (acute phase) and influenza (acute phase) had reduced EQ-5D scores:&#xa0;-0.11 (95% CI&#xa0;-0.14,&#xa0;-0.07) in COVID-19 and&#xa0;-0.50 (95% CI&#xa0;-0.60,&#xa0;-0.41) in influenza. For associated vaccine adverse reactions, the mean EQ-5D score for myocarditis and PedsQL score for narcolepsy were 0.88 (95% CI 0.76, 1.00) and 64.0 (95% CI 59.4, 68.7), respectively. No apparent asymmetry was observed in funnel plots.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study provided HSUV scores for some infectious diseases with pandemic potential and associated vaccine adverse reactions. These results can be used as HSUV indicators for future health technology and cost-effectiveness assessments.}, }
@article {pmid40048931, year = {2025}, author = {Moore, M and Anderson, L and Schiffer, JT and Matrajt, L and Dimitrov, D}, title = {Durability of COVID-19 vaccine and infection induced immunity: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {54}, number = {}, pages = {126966}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126966}, pmid = {40048931}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccine Efficacy ; Vaccination ; Immunologic Memory ; Regression Analysis ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite the success of mRNA vaccines, COVID-19 remains a significant public health threat. Waning of immune memory and the emergence of new variants can degrade population-level protection and contribute to ongoing morbidity.<br><br>METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-regression, we searched for studies in PubMed, medRxiv and bioRxiv published January 1, 2020 - January 1, 2023 measuring vaccine effectiveness as the reduction in infection, symptomatic disease, and severe disease (resulting in hospitalization and/or death) conferred by mRNA-based vaccination and prior SARS-CoV-2 infections relative to na&#xef;ve individuals. We excluded studies that did not distinguish between mRNA and non-mRNA vaccines or had less than 1000 participants. Using a multi-level model, we quantified the initial effectiveness and change over four to six months following vaccination or infection. Model covariates were COVID variant, number of vaccine doses, and the number and variant of prior infection. Our estimates were adjusted for the age of the study population.<br><br>FINDINGS: Of 828 screened, we included 123 studies in our analysis. Vaccine effectiveness against infection and disease declined both over time and with the emergence of Omicron, regardless of booster doses, though protection against severe outcomes was more durable. Booster doses reduced severe Omicron infections by 90.5&#xa0;% (95&#xa0;% confidence interval 87.1-93.8) and 77.6&#xa0;% (70.5-84.7) at two and 26&#xa0;weeks post-vaccination, respectively. Protection conferred by hybrid immunity was more durable than that from either vaccination or prior infection alone, but protection against Omicron reinfection was only 50.1&#xa0;% (32.5-67.8) at 26&#xa0;weeks following vaccination. Individuals with hybrid immunity had 80.6&#xa0;% protection (70.0-91.2) following booster doses declining to 36.9&#xa0;% (19.3-54.6) after 16&#xa0;weeks.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that timely deployment of pre-existing boosters can greatly mitigate seasonal COVID outbreaks even in populations with prior infection and vaccination.<br><br>FUNDING: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (NU38OT000297-03).}, }
@article {pmid40048722, year = {2025}, author = {Diab, A and Stack, H and McKeown, B and Carleton, B and Goralski, KB}, title = {Systematic review of Health Canada approved clinical therapeutic trials for the treatment or prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).}, journal = {Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology}, volume = {103}, number = {5}, pages = {146-162}, doi = {10.1139/cjpp-2024-0055}, pmid = {40048722}, issn = {1205-7541}, mesh = {Humans ; Canada/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/therapy ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Research Design ; Drug Repositioning ; }, abstract = {In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Canadian clinical researchers pivoted their research programs to investigate repurposing drugs, accelerating the development of experimental therapies, and developing novel disease-specific treatments. This systematic review analyzes the trial design, participant characteristics, and reported outcomes of all Health Canada authorized clinical trials of therapeutics to prevent or treat COVID-19 with published results as of March 2023. We conclude that there is a need for adaptive clinical trial designs, broader pan-Canadian clinical trial networks, more targeted participant recruitment to facilitate increased diversity and inclusion, and standardization in reporting participant characteristics, outcome measurement, and follow-up. Finally, guided by our findings, we make recommendations for improved clinical trial designs when faced with an emerging disease.}, }
@article {pmid40047857, year = {2025}, author = {Hussain, MS and Goyal, A and Goyal, K and S, RJ and Nellore, J and Shahwan, M and Rekha, A and Ali, H and Dhanasekaran, M and MacLoughlin, R and Dua, K and Gupta, G}, title = {Targeting CXCR2 signaling in inflammatory lung diseases: neutrophil-driven inflammation and emerging therapies.}, journal = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40047857}, issn = {1432-1912}, abstract = {Inflammatory lung diseases (ILDs) such as asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COVID-19, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancer impose a substantial worldwide healthcare impact. The pathophysiology of these disorders is primarily influenced by the involvement of neutrophils, which are crucial triggers in the natural immune reaction. Neutrophils participate in pulmonary inflammation and tissue destruction. When neutrophils are activated and recruited, they migrate to inflammatory lung tissues via the chemokine receptor CXCR2. This study explores how neutrophils, directed by CXCR2 signaling, participate in the inflammatory environment in the lung, inducing tissue injury and the development of illness. We investigate both the functional and structural features of CXCR2, emphasizing its relationship with ligands such as IL-8 (CXCL8) and GRO-α (CXCL1) and its involvement in ILDs. The article also explores novel treatment approaches that focus on CXCR2, such as the use of small molecule antagonists. These compounds can regulate neutrophil behavior and reduce signs of the illness. The study provides a detailed analysis of current clinical studies and the results of inhibiting CXCR2, specifically looking at the effectiveness and safety of these new medicines. This study seeks to deliver a thorough analysis of the important function of neutrophils and CXCR2 in ILDs, as well as the possibility of CXCR2-targeted therapeutics to enhance clinical outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40047214, year = {2025}, author = {Pollak, MR and Friedman, DJ}, title = {APOL1-associated kidney disease: modulators of the genotype-phenotype relationship.}, journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension}, volume = {34}, number = {3}, pages = {191-198}, doi = {10.1097/MNH.0000000000001068}, pmid = {40047214}, issn = {1473-6543}, mesh = {Humans ; *Apolipoprotein L1/genetics/metabolism ; *Kidney Diseases/genetics/metabolism ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Phenotype ; Animals ; Risk Factors ; COVID-19 ; Genetic Association Studies ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Apolipoprotein-L1 (APOL1) G1 and G2 risk variants, found in people of recent west sub-Saharan African ancestry, dramatically increase the likelihood of kidney disease, yet the incomplete penetrance an diverse clinical manifestations underscore the need to understand the molecular and environmental factors that modulate APOL1-mediated toxicity.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies confirm that risk variants exert a toxic gain-of-function effect, exacerbated by inflammatory triggers such as HIV infection and COVID-19. Epigenetic mechanisms and microRNA pathways further modulate APOL1 expression, influencing disease penetrance. Multiple models have clarified how subcellular localization, signal peptide processing, and interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum may contribute to pathogenesis. Therapeutic advances include inhibitors targeting APOL1 ion channel activity and strategies that block key inflammatory signaling pathways.<br><br>SUMMARY: These findings highlight a multifaceted disease process driven by both the intrinsic toxic potential of APOL1 variants and numerous extrinsic triggers. Understanding this complex interplay will be pivotal for risk stratification and the development of precision therapies, potentially improving outcomes for populations disproportionately affected by APOL1-associated kidney disease.}, }
@article {pmid40047167, year = {2025}, author = {Htet, H and Kyung, HY and Burud, IAS and Jaiprakash, H and Subramaniam, T and Iezhitsa, I and Agarwal, R}, title = {Adverse events associated with monoclonal antibodies used for treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {British journal of clinical pharmacology}, volume = {91}, number = {5}, pages = {1306-1321}, pmid = {40047167}, issn = {1365-2125}, support = {BMS I-2022 (15)//IMU University (Formerly known as the International Medical University), Malaysia/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {AIMS: This review aimed to synthesise the evidence related to the incidence of serious and non-serious adverse events with the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) among COVID-19 patients.<br><br>METHODS: Databases were searched from January 2020 to September 2023 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that used mAbs for the treatment of COVID-19 regardless of disease severity. Study screening, data extraction and data analysis were performed independently by two reviewers. The Cochrane risk of bias 1.0 tool was used for methodological quality assessment.<br><br>RESULTS: Sixteen studies were identified for analysis with 9682 participants in the intervention arm and 10&#x2009;115 participants in the control arm. Seven trials reported hepatoxicity and there was a statistically significant increase in the chance of hepatoxicity among patients treated with mAbs compared to those given standard of care (SoC) or placebo with risk ratio (RR)&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-2.24. Five trials reported for neutropenia and there was a statistically significant association of neutropenia with the use of mAbs compared to SoC or placebo with RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.03, 95% CI 1.74-9.34. Ten trials reported any disease-related serious adverse events related to the disease and there was a reduction of risk compared to SoC/placebo, &#xa0;although this reduction was not statistically significant (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.88, 95% CI 0.70-1.11).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The use of mAbs was found to be associated with an increased risk of hepatoxicity and neutropenia compared to SoC/placebo among COVID-19 patients with moderate certainty of evidence. Long-term observational studies are recommended to observe post-COVID adverse events related to the use of mAbs.}, }
@article {pmid40046430, year = {2024}, author = {Talkington, GM and Kolluru, P and Gressett, TE and Ismael, S and Meenakshi, U and Acquarone, M and Solch-Ottaiano, RJ and White, A and Ouvrier, B and Paré, K and Parker, N and Watters, A and Siddeeque, N and Sullivan, B and Ganguli, N and Calero-Hernandez, V and Hall, G and Longo, M and Bix, GJ}, title = {Neurological sequelae of long COVID: a comprehensive review of diagnostic imaging, underlying mechanisms, and potential therapeutics.}, journal = {Frontiers in neurology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1465787}, pmid = {40046430}, issn = {1664-2295}, support = {TL1 TR003106/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {One lingering effect of the COVID-19 pandemic created by SARS-CoV-2 is the emergence of Long COVID (LC), characterized by enduring neurological sequelae affecting a significant portion of survivors. This review provides a thorough analysis of these neurological disruptions with respect to cognitive dysfunction, which broadly manifest as chronic insomnia, fatigue, mood dysregulation, and cognitive impairments with respect to cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, we characterize how diagnostic tools such as PET, MRI, EEG, and ultrasonography provide critical insight into subtle neurological anomalies that may mechanistically explain the Long COVID disease phenotype. In this review, we explore the mechanistic hypotheses of these neurological changes, which describe CNS invasion, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and gut-brain axis dysregulation, along with the novel vascular disruption hypothesis that highlights endothelial dysfunction and hypoperfusion as a core underlying mechanism. We lastly evaluate the clinical treatment landscape, scrutinizing the efficacy of various therapeutic strategies ranging from antivirals to anti-inflammatory agents in mitigating the multifaceted symptoms of LC.}, }
@article {pmid40046058, year = {2025}, author = {Peng, Z and Zhou, G}, title = {Progress on diagnosis and treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1551122}, pmid = {40046058}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis/therapy/immunology ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/therapy/immunology/complications ; Child ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {Since the emergence of COVID-19 in December 2019, the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has primarily affected adults, with children representing a smaller proportion of cases. However, the escalation of the pandemic has led to a notable increase in pediatric cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). The pathogenesis of MIS-C is largely attributed to immune-mediated mechanisms, such as cytokine storms and endothelial damage, following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we comprehensively describe MIS-C, including its definitions as proposed by the CDC, WHO, and RCPCH, which emphasize persistent fever, excessive inflammatory responses, and multi-organ involvement. Additionally, we summarize current treatment approaches, prioritizing immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids, along with anticoagulation therapy, and monoclonal antibodies in severe cases.}, }
@article {pmid40045565, year = {2025}, author = {Tan, L and Trevas, D and Falsey, AR}, title = {Adult Vaccine Coadministration Is Safe, Effective, and Acceptable: Results of a Survey of the Literature.}, journal = {Influenza and other respiratory viruses}, volume = {19}, number = {3}, pages = {e70090}, pmid = {40045565}, issn = {1750-2659}, mesh = {Humans ; Adult ; *Influenza Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; *Vaccination/methods ; *Influenza, Human/prevention &amp; control ; Immunization Schedule ; *Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coadministration of vaccines in children is a long-standing practice that has proven to be safe and effective in improving the efficiency of vaccine administration, thereby increasing immunization coverage rates. As the number of vaccines routinely recommended for adults increases, and with limited opportunities for adults to have preventive health touchpoints with providers, adult vaccine coadministration should be considered as a routine practice to improve vaccination coverage rates and public health. A review of existing literature was conducted to examine the potential reactogenicity and impact on effectiveness when co-administering vaccines to adults.<br><br>METHODS: Medline was searched for research articles with the search term "influenza vaccine" or "vaccination," combined with the search terms "simultaneous," "concomitant," "concurrent," and "combination." Another search of Medline was conducted on the search term "influenza vaccine" or "vaccination" combined with the following individual search terms: "RSV," "COVID," and "Tdap." The references of extracted articles were also examined for potential other relevant articles.<br><br>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Adult vaccine coadministration is safe for all the combinations we assessed. Most adverse events (AEs) were generally mild to moderate and of short duration. Some studies showed slightly more reactogenicity with coadministration but few or no serious AEs or safety signals. Nearly every study confirmed that coadministration had no significant effect on immune response for either vaccine. The benefits of vaccine coadministration outweigh the risks. It increases convenience for vaccinees, reduces the number of missed opportunities to vaccinate, and contributes to efficient use of healthcare resources.}, }
@article {pmid40045382, year = {2025}, author = {Martell, R and Reade, M and Boesch, L and Kaur, DP and Kumar, S and McArthur, M and Maar, MA}, title = {The role of narratives in promoting vaccine confidence among Indigenous peoples in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand: a scoping review.}, journal = {International journal for equity in health}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {63}, pmid = {40045382}, issn = {1475-9276}, support = {#VC1-178871/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; }, mesh = {Humans ; United States ; New Zealand ; Canada ; Australia ; *Indigenous Peoples/psychology ; *Narration ; *Health Promotion/methods ; *Vaccination/psychology ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many Indigenous youth and young adults in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand have reported low vaccine confidence, which has been linked to lower vaccination rates for COVID-19, MMR, HPV, DTaP-IPV-Hib, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Narrative-based health promotion approaches, including those focused on strengthening vaccine confidence, have been used in public health interventions. Scoping reviews have become increasingly valued for their rigorous and reproducible exploration of evidence in public health research. The aim of this scoping review was to understand the extent and types of evidence related to the facilitators, challenges, and benefits of narrative-based health promotion approaches in vaccine confidence interventions within Indigenous populations.<br><br>METHODS: This review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines for scoping reviews using Covidence online software to streamline the review process. Database searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PubMed, as well as Google search to identify both academic and gray literature articles on the role of narratives in promoting vaccine confidence published between January 2000 and April 2024. Charted data were ranked in a numerical summary and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The review process embraced a two-eyed seeing approach.<br><br>RESULTS: The searches identified 306 records. After the screening process, 45 sources (35 peer-reviewed articles, eight gray literature, and two preprint articles) were included in the final review. The key facilitators of narrative-based approaches to promote vaccine confidence were community engagement, tailored and culturally safe interventions, and trusted messengers and sources of information. The challenges discussed in the literature were linked to mistrust of government and healthcare services and to misinformation narratives. The most frequently reported benefits were the development of community-based resources, culturally safe and relevant interventions, building trust and respectful relationships, and improved vaccination rates.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review confirmed the important contribution of narrative-based health promotion approaches in strengthening vaccine confidence among Indigenous populations. This finding underscores the importance of respecting Indigenous sovereignty and engaging community perspectives to repair trust and improve vaccination rates.}, }
@article {pmid40044492, year = {2025}, author = {Klingelhöfer, D and Braun, M and Naser, CA and Brüggmann, D and Groneberg, DA}, title = {Emerging Nipah Virus With Pandemic Potential and High Mortality Rates: Is the Scientific Community Learning From Former Pandemics?.}, journal = {Reviews in medical virology}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {e70028}, pmid = {40044492}, issn = {1099-1654}, mesh = {Humans ; *Nipah Virus/pathogenicity/genetics ; *Henipavirus Infections/mortality/epidemiology/virology ; *Pandemics ; Animals ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/mortality/epidemiology/virology ; Biomedical Research ; Global Health ; }, abstract = {As Nipah virus (NiV) infection is characterised by a possible pandemic risk, being currently limited to a small but deadly belt, the attention of other countries is essential. It has often been pointed out that NiV is an under-researched virus with a high-risk potential. This study aimed to show the global research history and status quo based on analyses of various chronological and geographical parameters, including socioeconomic characteristics and research funding. For this purpose, advanced analysis methods and visualisation techniques were applied, such as density equalisation mapping and cluster analysis. The correlation between the number of articles on NiV and the economic strength or intensity of financing per country is significant. However, the comparatively low scientific commitment of countries that are usually among the major players in global scientific publications and the declining scientific interest in NiV research combined with the prevailing knowledge gaps in NiV infectiology in conjunction with the risk of NiV spreading to other areas is extremely threatening. Research on previous viruses such as Corona and mpox shows an equally short-term interest, which has led to an insufficiently prepared situation in the run-up to outbreaks, making it hard to find quick and effective solutions. As often said, the NiV infection belt is small but deadly, but global travel and trade increase the risk of spreading. The scientific community worldwide must be prepared for the possible spread of infections that pose a pandemic risk.}, }
@article {pmid40042766, year = {2025}, author = {Kumar, A and Saini, S and Anvikar, A and Mishra, N and Misra, G}, title = {Evolving Landscape of Emerging Virus Diagnosis: Challenges and Innovations.}, journal = {Molecular biotechnology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {40042766}, issn = {1559-0305}, abstract = {Emerging and re-emerging viruses (like Spanish flu, SARS-CoV-2, etc.) have substantially impacted global public health since the early twentieth century. These outbreaks are unpredictable and novel viruses are difficult to understand due to emerging variations. Advanced virology and diagnostic technologies have revolutionized viral diagnostics, enabling accurate early identification and successful treatment and containment. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, such as metagenomics and whole-genome sequencing, have played a crucial role in the detection and monitoring of emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Advanced diagnostic methods, such as digital PCR, CRISPR-based tools, and serological techniques like ELISA, enhance viral detection's sensitivity, specificity, and speed. Research has shown that innovations such as lateral flow immunoassays, biosensors, and aptamers have the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy in various fields. The integration of AI in diagnostics aids researchers in understanding viral evolution and outbreak management, offering new avenues for rapid response. This review aims to examine the latest advancements in virus diagnosis technologies, identify unresolved accuracy and detection issues, and discuss emerging ideas that are transforming the future of viral diagnostics. It is important to improve early identification, rendering the system more cost-effective and adaptable to new viral threats.}, }
@article {pmid40041711, year = {2025}, author = {Li, Y and Wang, S and Zhang, L and Dong, Q and Hu, X and Yang, Y and Liu, T and Wu, B and Shan, B and Yin, C and Xie, Q and Zhu, B and Zheng, C}, title = {Sensory Insights in Aging: Exploring the Impact on Improving Dietary Through Sensory Enhancement.}, journal = {Food science &amp; nutrition}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {e70074}, pmid = {40041711}, issn = {2048-7177}, abstract = {The trend of global population aging is becoming increasingly evident, with the proportion of the elderly population continuously rising, making it one of the most profound demographic trends of the 21st century. As people age, their sensory functions generally decline, such as vision, hearing, smell, and taste, which not only affects their food choices and enjoyment but can also lead to health issues like malnutrition and weight loss. In addition, chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and the COVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate sensory impairments in older adults. Currently, most sensory evaluation methods are designed for healthy adults and have limitations when applied to the elderly, such as visual impairment making it difficult to see scoring sheets or linear scales, and hearing impairment preventing understanding of questions and requests from sensory analysts, leading to potential biases and inaccuracies in data collection. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop sensory evaluation systems suitable for older adults to better understand and address their sensory changes due to aging and health conditions. This review summarizes the sensory abilities, cognitive functions, and physical health status of older adults; explores how to improve their food intake and appetite through flavor-enhanced foods; and reviews current sensory evaluation methods, pointing out their limitations and the necessity for developing new approaches to meet the diverse needs of older adults. Future research should deepen the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of sensory decline, develop implicit sensory evaluation methods based on EEG and facial microexpressions, and optimize personalized sensory compensation strategies that are safe and sustainable in order to improve the dietary health and quality of life of older adults.}, }
@article {pmid40040619, year = {2025}, author = {Morrison, LJ and Hunt, EA and Grunau, B and Aufderheide, TP and Callaway, C and Tonna, JE and Sasson, C and Blewer, A and McNally, BF and Yannopoulos, D and Belohlavek, J and Bartos, J and Combes, A and Idris, A and Merchant, RM and States, L and Tinsley, E and Wong, R and Youngquist, ST and Sopko, G and Kern, KB}, title = {International Consensus on Evidence Gaps and Research Opportunities in Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Report From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop.}, journal = {Journal of the American Heart Association}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {e036108}, doi = {10.1161/JAHA.124.036108}, pmid = {40040619}, issn = {2047-9980}, mesh = {Humans ; *Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods/standards ; *Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/therapy ; *Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods ; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.) ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Consensus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Evidence Gaps ; }, abstract = {The increased accessibility of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following the COVID-19 pandemic and the publication of the first randomized trial of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) prompted the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to sponsor a workshop on ECPR. Two more randomized trials have since been published in 2022 and 2023. Based on the combined findings and review of the evidence, an international panel of authors identified gaps in science, inequities in care and diversity in outcomes, and suggested research opportunities and next steps. The science pertaining to ECPR would benefit from the United States contributing uniform data to existing registries and sharing common data with the ELSO (Extracorporeal Life Support Organization) international registry to increase the sample size for observational research. In addition, well-designed efficacy trials, recruiting across different regions of care evaluating long-term follow-up, including patient reported outcomes, cost effectiveness, and equity measures, would contribute significantly to the body of science. Workshop participants defined the population of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest most likely to benefit from ECPR. ECPR-eligible patients include those aged 18 to 75 years functioning independently without comorbidity; before suffering a witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and without any obvious cause of the cardiac arrest; presenting in a shockable rhythm and transported with mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation to an ECPR-capable institute within 30 minutes, which is recommended after 3 rounds of advanced life support treatment without return of spontaneous circulation. There are significant inequities in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest care that need to be addressed such that outcomes are optimized for each target region before implementing ECPR in a clinical or implementation trial.}, }
@article {pmid40038708, year = {2025}, author = {Xu, X and Ding, W and Song, H and Wang, D}, title = {Unique skin nodules following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report of cutaneous plasmacytosis and review of the literature.}, journal = {Virology journal}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {57}, pmid = {40038708}, issn = {1743-422X}, support = {24WSXT025//Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Provincial Health Commission/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage ; *Skin/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; *Skin Diseases/pathology/etiology ; *Plasma Cells/pathology ; Prednisone/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cutaneous plasmacytosis (CP) is a rare disorder that may affect two or more organ systems, such as skin, lymph nodes or lungs. The pathogenesis of CP remains unknown, and in most cases, the condition follows a chronic and benign clinical course without spontaneous remission.<br><br>CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old male who developed necrotizing skin nodules without other systemic abnormalities four days after the first doses of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Oral prednisone improved the lesions by approximately 70%. However, signs of CP recurrence manifested 15 days after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination. Ultimately, the patient experienced spontaneous remission after contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This case uniquely associates COVID-19 inactivated vaccine with CP, where the same lesions appeared after two vaccinations and subsequently resolved following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This provides valuable clinical data for future studies on viral infections and cutaneous B-cell immunity.}, }
@article {pmid40038154, year = {2025}, author = {Rana, D and Prajapati, A and Karunakaran, B and Vora, L and Benival, D and Jindal, AB and Patel, R and Joshi, V and Jamloki, A and Shah, U}, title = {Recent Advances in Antiviral Drug Delivery Strategies.}, journal = {AAPS PharmSciTech}, volume = {26}, number = {3}, pages = {73}, pmid = {40038154}, issn = {1530-9932}, mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/administration &amp; dosage/chemistry ; Humans ; *Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; *Virus Diseases/drug therapy ; Animals ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Solubility ; }, abstract = {Viral infectious diseases have long posed significant challenges to public health, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent outbreaks, including those caused by coronaviruses, have highlighted the urgent need for more effective antiviral treatments. Existing therapies, while numerous, face limitations such as drug resistance, toxicity, poor bioavailability, and non-specific targeting, which hinder their effectiveness against new and emerging viruses. This review focuses on the latest advances in nanoplatform technologies designed to enhance drug solubility, provide sustained or targeted delivery, and improve the efficacy of antiviral therapies. Additionally, we explore how these technologies can be integrated with novel strategies like genetic modulation to combat viral infections more effectively. The review also discusses the potential of these innovations in addressing the challenges posed by current antiviral therapies and their implications for future clinical applications.}, }
@article {pmid40037671, year = {2025}, author = {Buckley, L and McGillis Hall, L and Price, S and Visekruna, S and McTavish, C}, title = {Nurse retention in peri- and post-COVID-19 work environments: a scoping review of factors, strategies and interventions.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {e096333}, pmid = {40037671}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/nursing/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Workplace/psychology ; *Nurses/supply &amp; distribution/psychology ; *Personnel Turnover/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Working Conditions ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the deterioration of nurses' working conditions and a growing global nursing shortage. Little is known about the factors, strategies and interventions that could improve nurse retention in the peri- and post-COVID-19 period. An improved understanding of strategies that support and retain nurses will provide a foundation for developing informed approaches to sustaining the nursing workforce. The aim of this scoping review is to investigate and describe the (1) factors associated with nurse retention, (2) strategies to support nurse retention and (3) interventions that have been tested to support nurse retention, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>DESIGN: Scoping review.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: This scoping review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched on 17 April 2024. The search was limited to a publication date of '2019 to present'.<br><br>ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods and grey literature studies of nurses (Registered Nurse (RN), Licenced Practical Nurse (LPN), Registered Practical Nurse (RPN), Publlic Health Nurse (PHN), including factors, strategies and/or interventions to support nurse retention in the peri- and post-COVID-19 period in English (or translated into English), were included. Systematic reviews, scoping reviews and meta-syntheses were excluded, but their reference lists were hand-screened for suitable studies.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: The following data items were extracted: title, journal, authors, year of publication, country of publication, setting, population (n=), factors that mitigate intent to leave (or other retention measure), strategies to address nurse retention, interventions that address nurse retention, tools that measure retention/turnover intention, retention rates and/or scores. Data were evaluated for quality and synthesised qualitatively to map the current available evidence.<br><br>RESULTS: Our search identified 130 studies for inclusion in the analysis. The majority measured some aspect of nurse retention. A number of factors were identified as impacting nurse retention including nurse demographics, safe staffing and work environments, psychological well-being and COVID-19-specific impacts. Nurse retention strategies included ensuring safe flexible staffing and quality work environments, enhancing organisational mental health and wellness supports, improved leadership and communication, more professional development and mentorship opportunities, and better compensation and incentives. Only nine interventions that address nurse retention were identified.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Given the importance of nurse retention for a variety of key outcomes, it is imperative that nursing leadership, healthcare organisations and governments work to develop and test interventions that address nurse retention.}, }
@article {pmid40037563, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, Q and Botta, R and Xu, Y and Wei, JC and Tung, TH}, title = {Risk of new-onset dementia following COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Age and ageing}, volume = {54}, number = {3}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/ageing/afaf046}, pmid = {40037563}, issn = {1468-2834}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/psychology ; *Dementia/epidemiology/etiology/diagnosis ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Assessment ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may increase the risk of developing dementia, although studies have reported conflicting findings. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesise the literature on the association between COVID-19 and the risk of new-onset dementia.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for cohort studies or case-control studies that investigated new-onset dementia development among adult COVID-19 survivors compared to individuals without COVID-19 infection from inception to 9 November 2023. Studies that exclusively involved populations younger than 18&#xa0;years, with known dementia or lacked adequate data about the risk of dementia were excluded. Two authors independently conducted the screening of eligible studies, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. The primary outcome was new-onset dementia following COVID-19 infection. Data were pooled using random-effects models, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 15 retrospective cohort studies encompassing 26&#xa0;408&#xa0;378 participants were included. Pooled analysis indicated COVID-19 was associated with an increased risk of new-onset dementia (HR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.49, 95% CI: 1.33-1.68). This risk remained elevated when compared with non-COVID cohorts (HR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.65, 95% CI: 1.39-1.95), and respiratory tract infection cohorts (HR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.29, 95% CI: 1.12-1.49), but not influenza or sepsis cohorts. Increased dementia risk was observed in both males and females, as well as in individuals older than 65&#xa0;years (HR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.68, 95% CI: 1.48-1.90), with the risk remaining elevated for up to 24&#xa0;months.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrates a significant association between COVID-19 infection and increased risk of developing new-onset dementia, which underscores the need for cognitive monitoring and early intervention for COVID-19 survivors to address potential long-term neurological impacts.}, }
@article {pmid40037530, year = {2025}, author = {Koceva, H and Amiratashani, M and Akbarimoghaddam, P and Hoffmann, B and Zhurgenbayeva, G and Gresnigt, MS and Marcelino, VR and Eggeling, C and Figge, MT and Amorim, MJ and Mosig, AS}, title = {Deciphering respiratory viral infections by harnessing organ-on-chip technology to explore the gut-lung axis.}, journal = {Open biology}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {240231}, pmid = {40037530}, issn = {2046-2441}, support = {//BMBF/ ; //Leibniz Center for Photonics/ ; //FSU/ ; //European Research Council (ERC)/ ; //European Union/ ; //Innovative Medicines Initiative/ ; //EFPIA/ ; //DFG, German Research Foundation/ ; //DFG/ ; //Germany&#xb4;s Excellence Strategy/ ; //Australian Research Council/ ; //Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; //M-M-M/ ; //Microverse Imaging Center/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Lung/virology/microbiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19/virology ; *Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology ; Animals ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; *Virus Diseases/virology ; Influenza A virus ; }, abstract = {The lung microbiome has recently gained attention for potentially affecting respiratory viral infections, including influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and SARS-CoV-2. We will discuss the complexities of the lung microenvironment in the context of viral infections and the use of organ-on-chip (OoC) models in replicating the respiratory tract milieu to aid in understanding the role of temporary microbial colonization. Leveraging the innovative capabilities of OoC, particularly through integrating gut and lung models, opens new avenues to understand the mechanisms linking inter-organ crosstalk and respiratory infections. We will discuss technical aspects of OoC lung models, ranging from the selection of cell substrates for extracellular matrix mimicry, mechanical strain, breathing mechanisms and air-liquid interface to the integration of immune cells and use of microscopy tools for algorithm-based image analysis and systems biology to study viral infection in vitro. OoC offers exciting new options to study viral infections across host species and to investigate human cellular physiology at a personalized level. This review bridges the gap between complex biological phenomena and the technical prowess of OoC models, providing a comprehensive roadmap for researchers in the field.}, }
@article {pmid40036912, year = {2025}, author = {Haga, C and Takei, Y and Okamoto, N and Oda, M and Yoshikawa, E}, title = {Nurturing nurses with good ethics for a healthier future: A scoping review of public health ethics education.}, journal = {Nurse education in practice}, volume = {84}, number = {}, pages = {104319}, doi = {10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104319}, pmid = {40036912}, issn = {1873-5223}, mesh = {Humans ; *Ethics, Nursing/education ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Curriculum ; Students, Nursing/psychology ; *Public Health/education/ethics ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate ; }, abstract = {AIMS: The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of public health ethics education programs designed for nursing students to inform the development of curricula that produce nurses with a strong ethical compass.<br><br>BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for public health ethics education in nursing. While the importance of balancing individual rights and the health of the community is well-recognized, there is a dearth of effective educational programs and materials to equip nursing students with the necessary skills to navigate these complex ethical issues.<br><br>DESIGN: This study is a scoping review of the literature Data sources: The PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria.<br><br>METHODS: A total of 16 studies were obtained within a search period of 2012-2023.<br><br>RESULTS: Our analysis showed that some of the studies included other faculty members and practitioners. Effective teaching methods included narrative media and gaming methods, while Internet technology posed teaching challenges. Evaluation methods ranged from analyzing student discussions and reports to using specific measurement scales.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the need to develop a broader range of evaluation methods and collaborative efforts among educators to ensure the sharing of educational resources.}, }
@article {pmid40036106, year = {2025}, author = {Rai, S and Tripathi, S}, title = {Comparative efficacy of leading COVID-19 vaccines: A network meta-analysis.}, journal = {The Indian journal of medical research}, volume = {161}, number = {1}, pages = {9-20}, pmid = {40036106}, issn = {0971-5916}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Network Meta-Analysis as Topic ; *Vaccine Efficacy ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {In the fight against the COVID-19 virus, various vaccines using different technologies such as mRNA, viral vectors, protein subunits, and inactivated whole viruses have become primary defence strategies. This study aims to compare their effectiveness in controlling the spread of the pandemic. Using the comprehensive resources from three major databases-PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library-we conducted an extensive literature review up to April 30, 2023. By employing a frequentist network meta-analysis, we analysed both direct and indirect estimates of vaccine efficacy, providing a clear comparison of the leading candidates in the global fight against COVID-19. Fifteen vaccines from 26 articles were used in our network meta-analysis. The statistically significant direct estimates were obtained by Spikevax [VE: 93.29 (91.31, 95.27); P<0.05], Pfizer BioNTech [VE: 92.07 (90.03, 94.12); P<0.05], Sputnik [VE: 91.60 (85.60, 97.60); P<0.05], Novavax [VE: 88.99 (83.55, 94.42); P<0.05], Sinovac [VE: 83.50 (65.40, 101.60); P<0.05], Covifenz [VE: 77.27 (68.48, 86.06); P<0.05], Zifivax [VE: 75.94 (70.86, 81.02); P<0.05], Covishield [VE: 72.34 (67.12, 77.56); P<0.05], S-Trimer [VE: 71.61 (56.23, 86.98); P<0.05], Covaxin [VE: 70.81 (65.33, 76.29); P<0.05], Soberna [VE: 69.70 (56.50, 82.90); P<0.05], Zydus Cadila [VE: 66.60 (47.60, 85.60); P<0.05], CVnCoV [VE: 63.70 (52.20, 75.20); P<0.05], Convidecia [VE: 57.50 (39.70, 75.30); P <0.05], and Jcovden [VE : 52.42 (47.28, 57.57); P<0.05]. Spikevax emerged triumphant with an unparalleled P score of 0.95, solidifying its status as a top ranking prevention tool against the COVID-19 in our investigation. Our analysis reveals a ranking of vaccine efficacy, with Spikevax emerging as the most effective, followed closely by Comirnaty, Sputnik, and others, collectively providing strong protection against the ongoing threat of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40035792, year = {2025}, author = {Klimek, P}, title = {[Cost effectiveness of vaccinations: on the complexity of health economic analyses of influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and RSV vaccination].}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {68}, number = {4}, pages = {451-457}, pmid = {40035792}, issn = {1437-1588}, mesh = {Humans ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/economics/epidemiology ; *Influenza, Human/prevention &amp; control/economics/epidemiology ; *Influenza Vaccines/economics/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/economics/therapeutic use ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention &amp; control/economics/epidemiology ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/economics/therapeutic use ; Germany/epidemiology ; *Vaccination/economics ; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis ; }, abstract = {The question of the cost effectiveness of medical interventions is one of the central issues in health economics. This narrative review examines the cost effectiveness of vaccination against influenza, SARS-CoV‑2 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) considering current health economic analyses. The annual influenza vaccination and the booster vaccination against SARS-CoV‑2 in 2023 and 2024 are proving to be cost effective and in some cases even cost saving, especially in high-risk groups. The cost effectiveness of the RSV vaccination, which was approved in 2023, is less clear. It strongly depends on the age group and the willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. The analysis shows that the evaluation of vaccinations requires a considerable amount of data. In addition to direct protective effects, model calculations on vaccinations must also consider indirect effects, such as the reduction of transmission in the population with higher vaccination rates. Sensitivity analyses make it clear that factors such as vaccine costs, effectiveness and disease incidence can have a decisive influence on cost effectiveness. One of the biggest challenges in health economic analyses is the fragmentation of health data in many countries, which makes comprehensive and precise assessments difficult. Initiatives such as the European Health Data Space could help and support evidence-based decision making in health policy. Overall, the cost effectiveness of vaccinations remains dependent on numerous factors, with SARS-CoV‑2 and influenza vaccinations receiving a positive assessment in the scenarios analysed.}, }
@article {pmid40035700, year = {2025}, author = {Hong, L and Li, J and Zeng, W and Li, Y and Yu, C and Zhao, S and Chen, L and Feng, Y}, title = {The seroprevalence of adenoviruses since 2000[1].}, journal = {Emerging microbes &amp; infections}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {2475831}, pmid = {40035700}, issn = {2222-1751}, mesh = {Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; *Adenoviruses, Human/immunology/genetics/classification ; *Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology/virology/immunology ; Genetic Vectors ; *Adenoviridae/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Adenoviridae Infections/epidemiology/virology ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {Human adenoviruses (Ad) are increasingly used as vaccine vectors, especially after Ad5, Ad26, and ChAdY25 (ChAdOx1) were employed as vectors for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. So far, more than 116 adenovirus genotypes have been identified, divided into 7 species (A-G). Most adenoviruses do not cause diseases or are mildly pathogenic, with only species B and E leading to acute respiratory infections or conjunctival inflammation and species F causing gastrointestinal infections. Previous studies have shown that the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against adenoviruses can be limiting when applying adenoviral vectors. On the other hand, for highly pathogenic adenoviruses, neutralizing antibodies is beneficial for preventing the diseases caused by these adenoviruses. Here, we summarized the studies on the seroprevalence of adenoviruses, especially adenoviruses that may be utilized as vectors for vaccine and gene therapy. We also analysed possible factors associated with the seroprevalence and neutralizing titres. Given the trend of increasing adenoviral vector application, it is necessary to continue the investigation of the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against adenoviruses in different geographic locations and populations.}, }
@article {pmid40035091, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, Y and Wang, Z and Zhou, P and Zhang, H}, title = {From reticulated platelets to immature platelet fraction: structure, function, and clinical applications.}, journal = {Platelets}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {2467383}, doi = {10.1080/09537104.2025.2467383}, pmid = {40035091}, issn = {1369-1635}, mesh = {Humans ; *Blood Platelets/metabolism/cytology ; }, abstract = {In comparison to mature platelets, reticulated platelets (RPs) are newly released from the bone marrow and exhibit a larger size, higher reactivity, and a greater quantity of RNA, and can be an agile indicator of platelet turnover. The transcriptome associated with platelet function is significantly upregulated in RPs, which is a possible explanation for RPs intrinsic hyper-reactivity. We presented a comprehensive overview of the detection techniques for RPs. Current methods to quantify RPs in clinical routine are flow cytometry and fully automated hematology analyzers (Sysmex-XE/XN, Abbott, ADVIA, Mindray), which make the detection of RPs simpler, faster and more affordable. The proportion of RPs increased in the circulation has potential diagnostic and prognostic values in multiple clinical settings (risk stratification in cardiovascular diseases, the effect on antiplatelet drugs, differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia, monitor platelet recovery after bone marrow or stem cell transplantation, and other diseases). There have been several studies focusing on RPs in recent years, particularly in cardiovascular disease and thrombocytopenia. In this review we summarizes the current study with regard to RPs and discuss their likely contribution in clinical routine.}, }
@article {pmid40034685, year = {2025}, author = {Wu, T and Ji, M and Li, T and Luo, L}, title = {The molecular and metabolic landscape of ferroptosis in respiratory diseases: Pharmacological aspects.}, journal = {Journal of pharmaceutical analysis}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {101050}, pmid = {40034685}, issn = {2214-0883}, abstract = {Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that occurs when there is an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and iron accumulation. The precise regulation of metabolic pathways, including iron, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, is crucial for cell survival. This type of cell death, which is associated with oxidative stress, is controlled by a complex network of signaling molecules and pathways. It is also implicated in various respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury (ALI), lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To combat drug resistance, it is important to identify appropriate biological markers and treatment targets, as well as intervene in respiratory disorders to either induce or prevent ferroptosis. The focus is on the role of ferroptosis in the development of respiratory diseases and the potential of targeting ferroptosis for prevention and treatment. The review also explores the interaction between immune cell ferroptosis and inflammatory mediators in respiratory diseases, aiming to provide more effective strategies for managing cellular ferroptosis and respiratory disorders.}, }
@article {pmid40034469, year = {2024}, author = {Radheshyam, A and Ramani, VK and Naik, R}, title = {Achieving universal health coverage in India: a scoping review on the requisite public health actions.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1366355}, pmid = {40034469}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {India ; *Universal Health Insurance/organization &amp; administration ; Humans ; *Public Health ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; Health Services Accessibility ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In India, large inequities in health exist by geography, gender, socio-economic class, religion and caste. Universal health coverage (UHC) is envisioned to address these gaps. The deficiencies in our healthcare system cannot be solely bridged by additional investment, increasing manpower, adoption of technology or establishing regulatory Institutes. While UHC offers promise, its nation-wide implementation must be carefully planned and monitored.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: (1) To review published literature appraising the concepts of UHC such as coverage of health services and financial protection in the Indian healthcare system, (2) To review the deficiencies of the healthcare system in India and explore solutions within the framework of UHC.<br><br>METHODS: The relevant articles for review were retrieved from PubMed and Google scholar databases using pertinent text terms. This scoping review includes 12 citations and 3 other published reports which address the determinants of UHC and its impact on the healthcare system in India.<br><br>RESULTS: UHC aims to address the concept of health in all its dimensions and not merely as a response to illness. This Program's objectives include reducing the gap between the need and utilization of healthcare, improving its quality and providing financial protection. In India, the public health sector suffers from shortfalls in management, manpower issues and poor accountability, whereas the private health sector is unregulated and contributes to the increasing health expenditure. UHC will improve access to health care and prevent financial impoverishment, which will be advantageous to the rural people and urban poor including workers of the unorganized sector.<br><br>CONCLUSION: UHC enables health systems to efficiently deliver a wide range of healthcare services to the population, as well as adopt sustainable financing mechanisms. Given the current Covid-19 pandemic and the need to address future pandemics, we need to build resilient health systems as well as hasten the implementation of UHC.}, }
@article {pmid40034167, year = {2025}, author = {Rodney-Wolf, K and Schmitz, J}, title = {Scoping review: outpatient psychotherapeutic care for children and adolescents in Germany-status quo and challenges in assessment.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1480630}, pmid = {40034167}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; Germany/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Child ; *Psychotherapy/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Ambulatory Care/statistics &amp; numerical data ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Mental Disorders/therapy ; *Outpatients/psychology ; *Mental Health Services ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the context of multiple global crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and global conflicts, children and adolescents worldwide are experiencing heightened psychological stress. As the foundation for lifelong mental health is established during childhood and adolescence, early prevention and treatment of mental health problems, such as through psychotherapy, are crucial. In Germany, current outpatient psychotherapeutic care capacities appear inadequate, while systematic evaluations of the care situation are lacking. This study investigates the state of statutory health insurance-funded outpatient psychotherapeutic care for children and adolescents in Germany and evaluates various methodological approaches for its assessment.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Publications from January 2018 to December 2023 were sourced from PubPsych, PubMed, APA PsycInfo, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Included studies report quantitative primary data on the mental health of community samples of children and adolescents in Germany or their outpatient psychotherapeutic care.<br><br>RESULTS: We included 41 publications comprising epidemiological studies, administrative data, and psychotherapist and patient reports. A lack of systematic and standardised research approaches resulted in significant variance in data. Nonetheless, qualitative analysis revealed that approximately one four children and adolescents in Germany is affected by mental health problems, while one in six to seven children and adolescents requires psychotherapeutic treatment. Yet, only up to one in 50 receives guideline-based psychotherapy. Most requests for initial psychotherapeutic consultations are unmet, with waiting times for guideline-based psychotherapy exceeding 6&#x202f;months for at least half of the patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Overall, our findings suggest that outpatient psychotherapeutic care for children and adolescents in Germany is still insufficient. They advocate for a systematic, multimodal, and longitudinal assessment of statutory health insurance-funded outpatient psychotherapeutic care, along with an expansion of treatment capacities to enhance access for children and adolescents in Germany.}, }
@article {pmid40034093, year = {2025}, author = {Jang, Y and Lee, H and Park, H}, title = {Surveillance System for Infectious Disease Prevention and Management: Direction of Korea's Infectious Disease Surveillance System.}, journal = {Journal of Korean medical science}, volume = {40}, number = {8}, pages = {e108}, pmid = {40034093}, issn = {1598-6357}, mesh = {Humans ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention &amp; control ; *Population Surveillance/methods ; *Communicable Disease Control/methods ; World Health Organization ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Emerging infectious diseases have risen sharply due to population growth, urbanization, travel, trade, and environmental changes, with outbreaks like severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019 highlighting the global need for effective surveillance systems. Various infectious disease surveillance systems are applied depending on the surveillance objectives, target populations, and geographical scope. While Korea has a robust surveillance system, challenges remain in integrating data, enhancing coordination, and improving response efficiency. This article reviews the types and roles of infectious disease surveillance systems through a literature review and proposes strategies for improving Korea's surveillance system by comparing it with those of other countries, including the World Health Organization (WHO). To strengthen Korea's surveillance framework, a comprehensive strategy should be implemented to interconnect multiple surveillance mechanisms and enhance real-time data sharing. A centralized data platform must integrate these systems, leveraging artificial intelligence and big data analytics for faster outbreak analysis. International collaboration through data-sharing networks with the WHO, European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, and U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is essential, along with standardized reporting formats to improve interoperability.}, }
@article {pmid40032584, year = {2025}, author = {Chakraborty, C and Bhattacharya, M and Das, A and Saha, A}, title = {Regulation of miRNA in Cytokine Storm (CS) of COVID-19 and Other Viral Infection: An Exhaustive Review.}, journal = {Reviews in medical virology}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {e70026}, doi = {10.1002/rmv.70026}, pmid = {40032584}, issn = {1099-1654}, mesh = {Humans ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/genetics/virology/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/genetics/virology/complications ; *MicroRNAs/genetics/immunology ; Cytokines/genetics/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {In the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, high case fatality was noted. The case fatality during this was associated with the cytokine storm (CS) or cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). Sometimes, virus infections are due to the excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to cytokine storms, which might be directed to ARDS, multi-organ failure, and death. However, it was noted that several miRNAs are involved in regulating cytokines during SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses such as IFNs, ILs, GM-CSF, TNF, etc. The article spotlighted several miRNAs involved in regulating cytokines associated with the cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses (influenza virus, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, dengue virus). Targeting those miRNAs might help in the discovery of novel therapeutics, considering CS or CSS associated with different virus infections.}, }
@article {pmid40032549, year = {2025}, author = {Ganaza-Domingues, KLT and Ramos-Milaré, &#xc1;CFH and Lera-Nonose, DSSL and Brustolin, A&#xc1; and de Oliveira, LF and Rosa, JS and Otofuji Inada, AY and Dias Leme, AL and Pinel, BI and Perina, BS and de Souza Terron, M and da Silva Santos, T and Demarchi, IG and Lonardoni, MVC and Teixeira, JJV}, title = {Effect of Comorbidities on the Mortality of Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Reviews and Meta-Analyses.}, journal = {Reviews in medical virology}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {e70024}, doi = {10.1002/rmv.70024}, pmid = {40032549}, issn = {1099-1654}, support = {FinanceCode001//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior - Brasil/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/epidemiology/virology ; Comorbidity ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Neoplasms/mortality/epidemiology ; Hypertension/mortality/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/mortality/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {Studies with strong scientific evidence have demonstrated that comorbidities are associated with fatal outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. To aggregate the findings of these studies and assess the magnitude of the effect of different chronic diseases on COVID-19 mortality, we conducted a systematic review of reviews and meta-analysis. Six databases were searched to retrieve systematic reviews with meta-analysis published during the early years of the pandemic. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata v.12.0 software, and the risk ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR), with a confidence interval of 95% (95% CI), were calculated. We selected 15 publications with 476 original articles and 2,135,888 patients. Our results indicated the following risk factors for COVID-19 mortality: diabetes mellitus (RR = 1.95; 95% CI:1.41-2.49); hypertension (RR = 1.88; 95% CI:1.51-2.26); cancer (RR = 1.84; 95% CI:1.24-2.43); cardiovascular (RR = 2.14; 95% CI:1.66-2.63), cerebrovascular (RR = 2.43; 95% CI:2.15-2.72), kidney (RR = 2.39; 95% CI:1.36-3.42), pulmonary (RR = 1.98; 95% CI:1.48-2.47) and liver diseases (OR = 1.56; 95% CI:1.18-1.94); obesity (OR = 1.15; 95% CI:1.04-1.26); smoking habits (OR = 1.18; 95% CI:1.13-1.22); and the male sex (OR = 1.69; 95% CI:1.65-1.73). Evidence has confirmed that underlying chronic conditions, which involve an imbalance in the immune response, significantly increase the risk of COVID-19 deaths.}, }
@article {pmid40031085, year = {2025}, author = {Tengattini, S and Bavaro, T and Rinaldi, F and Temporini, C and Pollegioni, L and Terreni, M and Piubelli, L}, title = {Novel tuberculosis vaccines based on TB10.4 and Ag85B: State-of-art and advocacy for good practices.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {53}, number = {}, pages = {126932}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126932}, pmid = {40031085}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {*Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology ; Humans ; *Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology/pathogenicity ; *Tuberculosis/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *Antigens, Bacterial/immunology ; *Bacterial Proteins/immunology ; *Acyltransferases/immunology ; BCG Vaccine/immunology ; Vaccine Development ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; }, abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) has plagued humanity in numerous devastating forms for centuries and remains a significant health challenge. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacterium responsible for TB, was the leading cause of death among infectious agents until the COVID-19 pandemic emerged. Immunization with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is one of the primary strategies to mitigate the risk of TB. Despite its widespread use, the current BCG vaccine has limited efficacy, particularly in adults. This review focuses on the rational design of vaccine candidates targeting the antigens TB10.4 and Ag85B. The review discusses the roles of TB10.4 and Ag85B in the virulence of Mtb and notes challenges in their production. Additionally, various protein conjugation strategies to enhance immunogenicity, including linking these antigens to glycans and adjuvants, are considered, as well as the most appropriate analytical methods for characterizing recombinant antigenic proteins and their conjugates. Finally, the associated challenges in developing a vaccine encompassing specific glycans and protein components were highlighted. We claim that using standardized procedures and detailed reporting in protein production and chemical modification can improve the reproducibility and rationalization of biological results. By adhering to these guidelines, the goal of developing an effective vaccine against TB will be best achieved.}, }
@article {pmid40029921, year = {2025}, author = {Putri, ND and Laksanawati, IS and Husada, D and Kaswandani, N and Prayitno, A and Triasih, R and Hidayati, IS and Asih, R and Nurhariansyah, R and Cathleen, F and Ocviyanti, D and Hadinegoro, SR and Pelicci, D and Bines, J and Graham, SM}, title = {A systematic review of post COVID-19 condition in children and adolescents: Gap in evidence from low-and -middle-income countries and the impact of SARS-COV-2 variants.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, pages = {e0315815}, pmid = {40029921}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; *COVID-19/complications/virology/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Developing Countries ; Child, Preschool ; }, abstract = {The long-term health consequences following COVID-19 have largely been reported in adult populations living in high-income countries. We therefore did a systematic review of post COVID-19 condition symptoms reported in children and adolescents (<18 years), aiming to identify and include publications from low- or middle-income countries (LMICs). From EMBASE, Medline, and Pubmed until the 30th of October 2023, we searched all studies reporting original and complete data of long-term outcomes of at least 20 children or adolescents under 18 years of age with a history of confirmed acute COVID-19 infection. We excluded non-English publications, pre-prints, unreviewed articles, grey literature, studies with inaccessible full text, and those limited to a specific population. Risk of Bias was assessed using STROBE guidelines for observational studies. We used descriptive narrative analysis to summarize the findings. Forty studies reporting 825,849 children and adolescents; the median age of those with persistent symptoms was consistently in the adolescent age range but not all studies included young children (<5 years). Only one study, with 58 participants aged 6-17 years, population was from a LMIC. Studies relied on symptom reporting rather than objective measures of organ dysfunction. The definition of post COVID-19 condition varied; most studies used persistent symptom duration of two or three months or more. However, since the symptom onset was not specified, it was difficult to identify which study is truly consistent with WHO's definition of post COVID-19 condition. Prevalence of post COVID-19 condition ranged from 1.8% to 70% but with marked heterogeneity between study populations and reporting criteria including the severity of acute COVID presentation. Most studies were undertaken when the Alpha variant was the predominant strain. The prevalence of post COVID-19 condition ranged from 6.7% to 70% in the Alpha variant-, 23% to 61.9% in the Delta-, 17% to 34.6% in the Omicron-, and 3.7% to 34% in the Other-variant predominated studies. The most reported symptoms were fatigue (70%), headache (37.5%) and respiratory symptoms (35%); fatigue was most reported in all variant subgroups. Only half of the studies included a control group. The variations in study population, reporting methods, reliance on symptom reporting alone and lack of control groups make it challenging to determine the impact of COVID-19 on post COVID health in children and adolescents. The lack of data from LMIC populations especially infants and young children is a major gap.}, }
@article {pmid40029778, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, J and Xiong, Y and Song, Z and Li, Y and Zhang, L and Qin, C}, title = {Progress in research on osteoporosis secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {Animal models and experimental medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ame2.12573}, pmid = {40029778}, issn = {2576-2095}, support = {2060204//State Key Laboratory Special Fund/ ; 2022B1111020005//Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province/ ; 2021-I2M-1-034,2023-I2M-2-001//Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences/ ; 82221004//The Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {The World Health Organization has declared that COVID-19 no longer constitutes a "public health emergency of international concern," yet the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on bone health continues to pose new challenges for global public health. In recent years, numerous animal model and clinical studies have revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to secondary osteoporosis. The mechanisms involved are related to the virus's direct effects on bone tissue, dysregulation of the body's inflammatory response, hypoxia, noncoding RNA imbalance, and metabolic abnormalities. Although these studies have unveiled the connection between SARS-CoV-2 infection and osteoporosis, current research is not comprehensive and in depth. Future studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on bone density and metabolism, elucidate the specific mechanisms of pathogenesis, and explore potential interventions. This review aims to collate existing research literature on SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced secondary osteoporosis, summarize the underlying mechanisms, and provide direction for future research.}, }
@article {pmid40029063, year = {2025}, author = {Karl, V and Hofmann, M and Thimme, R}, title = {Role of antiviral CD8+ T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.}, journal = {Journal of virology}, volume = {99}, number = {4}, pages = {e0135024}, pmid = {40029063}, issn = {1098-5514}, support = {256073931, 272983813//German Research Foundation/ ; 441891347//German Research Foundation/ ; KA1-Co-02//Helmholtz Association's Initiative and Networking Fund/ ; Heisenberg program HO 5836/2-1//German Research Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention &amp; control/virology ; *CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccination ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly enhanced our understanding of CD8+ T cell immunity and their role in natural infection and vaccine-induced protection. Rapid and early SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses have been associated with efficient viral clearance and mild disease. Virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses can compensate for waning, morbidity-related, and iatrogenic reduction of humoral immunity. After infection or vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD8+ T cells are formed, which mount an efficient recall response in the event of breakthrough infection and help to protect from severe disease. Due to their breadth and ability to target mainly highly conserved epitopes, SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells are also able to cross-recognize epitopes of viral variants, thus maintaining immunity even after the emergence of viral evolution. In some cases, however, CD8+ T cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. In particular, delayed and uncontrolled, e.g., nonspecific and hyperactivated, cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses have been linked to poor COVID-19 outcomes. In this minireview, we summarize the tremendous knowledge about CD8+ T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination that has been gained over the past 5 years, while also highlighting the critical knowledge gaps that remain.}, }
@article {pmid40028776, year = {2025}, author = {Tufa, TH and Stewart, F and Meckstroth, K and Diedrich, JT and Newmann, SJ}, title = {Cervical preparation for dilation and evacuation at 12 to 24 weeks gestation.}, journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews}, volume = {3}, number = {3}, pages = {CD007310}, pmid = {40028776}, issn = {1469-493X}, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; *Abortion, Induced/methods ; Misoprostol/administration &amp; dosage ; Mifepristone/administration &amp; dosage ; Prostaglandins/administration &amp; dosage ; Bias ; *Cervix Uteri/drug effects ; Gestational Age ; Dilatation/methods ; Labor Stage, First ; Abortifacient Agents/administration &amp; dosage ; Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal/administration &amp; dosage ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Abortion is a common procedure. Complications associated with abortion increase as gestational age increases. Cervical preparation is recommended prior to second trimester surgical abortion. Evidence is lacking as to the most effective methods of cervical preparation.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of cervical preparation methods for people undergoing second trimester surgical abortion at gestational age between 12 and 24 0/7 weeks.<br><br>SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE ALL, Embase.com, Global Index Medicus, Scopus, and Google Scholar on 20 December 2021. We also searched reference lists, review articles, books, and conference proceedings. We contacted experts for information on other published or unpublished research. The COVID-19 pandemic greatly disrupted the writing and publication of this review; the search is outdated, but an updated search will be performed prior to the next update.<br><br>SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating any cervical preparation method for second trimester surgical abortion from 12 to 24 weeks gestation.<br><br>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard Cochrane methods.<br><br>MAIN RESULTS: We identified 21 RCTs (3029 participants). Some trials were at high risk of detection and reporting bias. Prostaglandin versus osmotic dilators (4 studies, 373 participants; 12 6/7 to 20 weeks) Prostaglandin may result in little to no difference in ability to complete procedure (risk ratio [RR] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95 to 1.03; low-certainty evidence), but probably leads to less dilation achieved (mean difference [MD] -3.58 mm, 95% CI -4.58 to -2.58; moderate-certainty evidence) when compared to osmotic dilators. Mifepristone plus 400 &#x3bc;g buccal misoprostol versus osmotic dilators (1 study, 49 participants; 15 0/7 to 18 0/7 weeks) Mifepristone plus misoprostol may have little to no effect on ability to complete procedure (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.08; low-certainty evidence) and procedure time (MD -0.30, 95% CI -3.46 to 2.86) when compared to osmotic dilators. The combination may lead to less dilation achieved (MD -1.67 mm, 95% CI -3.19 to -0.15; low-certainty evidence) and increased need for additional dilation (RR 1.92, 95% CI 1.16 to 3.18; low-certainty evidence) compared to osmotic dilators. 400 &#x3bc;g buccal misoprostol plus osmotic dilators versus placebo plus osmotic dilators (4 studies, 545 participants; 13 to 23 6/7 weeks) Misoprostol plus osmotic dilators probably has no effect on ability to complete procedure (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.02; moderate-certainty evidence), but probably increases dilation achieved (MD 1.83 mm, 95% CI 0.27 to 3.39; moderate-certainty evidence) and reduces need for additional dilation (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.84; moderate-certainty evidence) and procedure time (MD -0.99 min, 95% CI -2.05 to 0.06; moderate-certainty evidence) compared to placebo plus osmotic dilators. Mifepristone plus osmotic dilators versus placebo plus osmotic dilators (1 study, 198 participants; 16 0/7 to 23 6/7 weeks) Mifepristone plus osmotic dilators probably has little to no effect on ability to complete procedure when compared to placebo plus osmotic dilators (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.03; moderate-certainty evidence). Mifepristone plus osmotic dilators may reduce procedure time (2.46 min shorter: median, interquartile range, 9.12 min, 7.7 to 10.6; compared to 11.58 minutes, 10.0 to 13.1; low-certainty evidence) and probably increases dilation achieved (MD 2.00 mm, 95% CI 0.60 to 3.40; moderate-certainty evidence). There appears to be no effect on need for additional dilation. 400 &#x3bc;g buccal misoprostol plus osmotic dilators versus mifepristone plus osmotic dilators (1 study, 199 participants; 16 0/7 to 23 6/7 weeks) There is likely no difference in ability to complete procedure between groups (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.02; moderate-certainty evidence). Misoprostol plus osmotic dilators does not appear to affect procedure time, dilation achieved, and need for additional dilation compared with mifepristone plus osmotic dilators. Mifepristone plus 400 &#x3bc;g buccal misoprostol plus osmotic dilators compared to 400 &#x3bc;g buccal misoprostol plus osmotic dilators (1 study, 96 participants; 19 to 23 6/7 weeks) Mifepristone plus misoprostol plus osmotic dilators may have little to no effect on procedure time, dilation achieved, or need for additional dilation compared with misoprostol plus osmotic dilators. 400 &#x3bc;g buccal or vaginal misoprostol plus osmotic dilators versus 400 &#x3bc;g buccal or vaginal misoprostol (1 study, 163 participants; 14 to 19 6/7 weeks) There is probably no difference between groups in ability to complete procedure (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.02; moderate-certainty evidence). Misoprostol plus osmotic dilators likely increases dilation (MD 3.9 mm, 95% CI 3.1 to 4.7; moderate-certainty evidence) and reduces need for additional dilation (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.93; moderate-certainty evidence). Laminaria versus synthetic osmotic dilators (1 study, 219 participants; 13 6/7 to 24 0/7 weeks) Laminaria japonica may reduce ability to complete procedure at first attempt compared with synthetic osmotic dilators (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.96; low-certainty evidence). It is uncertain if there is a difference in procedure time between groups. Laminaria likely does not effect dilation achieved (RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.3; moderate-certainty evidence). Same-day Dilapan-S versus overnight laminaria (1 study, 69 participants; 13 6/7 to 17 6/7 weeks) Same-day Dilapan-S may increase procedure time (MD 2.20 min, 95% CI 0.10 to 4.30; low-certainty evidence); reduce dilation achieved (MD -11.70 mm, 95% CI -16.74 to -6.66; low-certainty evidence); and increase need for additional dilation (RR 2.83, 95% CI 1.47 to 5.46; low-certainty evidence) compared with laminaria. There appears to be no difference in ability to complete procedure.<br><br>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We identified a heterogeneous body of evidence comparing different cervical priming approaches. Compared with osmotic dilators plus placebo, misoprostol plus osmotic dilators probably reduces procedure time, increases pre-procedure cervical dilation, and reduces the number of people who need additional dilation. Compared with osmotic dilators plus placebo, mifepristone plus osmotic dilators may reduce procedure time and probably increases pre-procedure cervical dilation. Overnight laminaria may reduce procedure time, increase pre-procedure dilation, and reduce need for additional dilation compared to same-day Dilapan-S. Further studies are needed that focus on both provider and patient acceptability and satisfaction.}, }
@article {pmid40026782, year = {2025}, author = {Ikenoue, C and Fukusumi, M and Shimada, S and Shimada, T and Suzuki, M and Sugishita, Y and Matsui, T and Sunagawa, T and Saito, T}, title = {Preparedness for infectious diseases during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games: advancing the health system beyond the games.}, journal = {The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific}, volume = {55}, number = {}, pages = {101488}, pmid = {40026782}, issn = {2666-6065}, abstract = {Mass international gatherings pose significant health security challenges and demand robust preparedness for infectious diseases. Though demanding, this process can leverage heightened political and social attention to fortify core capacities. Despite Japan's advanced public health system for infectious diseases, there were still areas of vulnerabilities. Preparation for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games (Tokyo 2020) strategically enhanced the national system for infectious diseases through a three-step approach: (i) assessing risks, readiness, and gaps; (ii) addressing the identified gaps by strengthening or establishing systems; and (iii) performing operational exercises involving multiple stakeholders. COVID-19, which led to the postponement of Tokyo 2020, brought the strict public health measures taken during the event into focus. However, these primary conventional steps need to be further highlighted. Emphasizing their applicability beyond games time, this approach is a model for countries that host large-scale gatherings.}, }
@article {pmid40026299, year = {2025}, author = {Kurmangaliyeva, SS and Madenbayeva, AM and Urazayeva, ST and Bazargaliyev, YS and Kudabayeva, KI and Kurmangaliyev, KB}, title = {The Role of Memory T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Long-term COVID-19: Effects of Vaccination Status.}, journal = {Iranian journal of medical sciences}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {61-68}, pmid = {40026299}, issn = {1735-3688}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; *Memory T Cells/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccination ; *Immunologic Memory ; *Immunity, Cellular/immunology ; }, abstract = {T-cell-mediated immunity is essential for controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) infection, preventing severe disease, and potentially reducing the risk of long-term coronavirus disease (COVID). This study investigated the impact of natural infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity on T-cell responses, with a particular emphasis on the role of memory T-cells in long-term COVID-19. The present study reviewed current literature on T-cell responses, including memory T-cell development, in individuals with natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, those vaccinated with messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, and those with hybrid immunity. It examined studies that compared T-cell activity, immune regulation, and the prevalence of long-term COVID-19 across these groups. Natural infection induces variable T-cell responses, with severe cases showing stronger but sometimes dysregulated immunological activity, which may contribute to prolonged COVID-19. Vaccination, particularly with mRNA vaccines, elicits targeted and consistent T-cell responses, including memory T-cells, reducing disease severity, and the incidence of long-term COVID-19. Hybrid immunity combines natural infection and vaccination, provides the most robust protection, enhanceds memory T-cell responses, and reduces the risk of long-term COVID-19 through balanced immune regulation. Memory T-cells play a critical role in mitigating long-term COVID-19. Vaccination significantly enhances T-cell-mediated immunity, minimizing the risk of chronic symptoms compared to natural infection alone. Hybrid immunity provides the most effective defense, emphasizing the importance of vaccination, even after natural infection, to prevent long-term COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40026119, year = {2025}, author = {Loyens, H and Detraux, J and De Hert, M}, title = {Prevalence, nature, and determinants of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories among healthcare workers: a scoping review.}, journal = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-34}, doi = {10.1192/j.eurpsy.2025.12}, pmid = {40026119}, issn = {1778-3585}, }
@article {pmid40024734, year = {2025}, author = {Hisaka, A}, title = {[Promoting Research on Modeling and Simulation].}, journal = {Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan}, volume = {145}, number = {3}, pages = {223-246}, doi = {10.1248/yakushi.24-00175}, pmid = {40024734}, issn = {1347-5231}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19 ; *Pharmacokinetics ; Drug Interactions ; Precision Medicine ; *Pharmacology, Clinical/trends ; *Models, Biological ; *Computer Simulation ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {As I recently retired from Chiba University, I would like to describe how I began my research career, some of my accomplishments in the research field of modeling and simulation, and future prospects in this area. Here, I discuss the research topics of drug interactions, the oral absorption of drugs, analyses of between-group and individual differences in pharmacokinetics based on the theories of physiologically-based pharmacokinetics and population pharmacokinetics, and my roles in implementation of the drug interaction guideline. Furthermore, I also discuss modeling topics unrelated to pharmacokinetics, i.e., the analyses of the long-term progression of chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using individual patient information; the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; and prognostic factors of chronic heart failure with the view towards personalized medicine. After completing my Master's course at Hokkaido University, I joined a pharmaceutical company and worked as a pharmacokinetics researcher for 21 years, while obtaining my doctoral degree. I spent the next 9 years as a hospital pharmacist focusing on scientific research at the University of Tokyo Hospital, and the last 10 years as a Professor of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics at Chiba University. My career is, therefore, characterized by involvement in pharmaceutical sciences from many different perspectives. This description focuses rather on the background of the studies than scientific details.}, }
@article {pmid40024517, year = {2025}, author = {Akhtar, M and Hashmi, AH and Manzoor, S}, title = {The synergistic tapestry: unraveling the interplay of parvovirus B19 with other viruses.}, journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases}, volume = {154}, number = {}, pages = {107865}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107865}, pmid = {40024517}, issn = {1878-3511}, mesh = {Humans ; *Parvovirus B19, Human/pathogenicity ; *Parvoviridae Infections/virology/complications/immunology ; *Coinfection/virology ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Immunocompromised Host ; Hepatitis C/complications ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/complications ; }, abstract = {Parvovirus (B19V) is a compact, non-enveloped, spherical virus with a single-stranded DNA genome. In immunocompetent individuals, parvovirus B19V infection is typically asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. However, in patients with compromised immune systems, it can lead to severe anemia in patients with compromised immune systems; renal transplant recipients taking immunosuppressive therapies often experience B19-induced anemia and red cell aplasia. The coinfections of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), HIV, and BK virus with B19V have been reportedly investigated. This review explores the interactions of B19V with other viral pathogens and provide insight into its intricate interplay in various clinical scenarios. In hepatitis B virus, B19 has been implicated in liver inflammation and disease, and, in hepatitis C virus, B19 correlates with chronic hepatitis, which may affect the progression of the disease. Immunocompromised individuals, particularly, patients with HIV and renal transplant recipients, often experience B19-induced anemia, which can be complicated by coinfection with CMV and BK. Pregnant women having coinfections of parvovirus B19 with CMV are at risk for fetal developmental complications. Its coexistence with Epstein-Barr virus can result in bone marrow failure. Notably, fatal cases of B19 and influenza A/H1N1 and more recent cases of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2, have been reported, highlighting the complex interactions between B19V and other viral pathogens.}, }
@article {pmid40024073, year = {2025}, author = {Scott, J and Adewole, A and Jackson, L and Waite, S}, title = {Health equity is now a National Patient Safety Goal.}, journal = {Clinical imaging}, volume = {120}, number = {}, pages = {110435}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2025.110435}, pmid = {40024073}, issn = {1873-4499}, mesh = {Humans ; *Health Equity ; *Patient Safety ; United States/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Healthcare Disparities ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Governmental data generated during the COVID 19 pandemic from 2019 to 2021 demonstrated that the virus disproportionately impacted communities of color. Specifically, Black, Hispanic, and Asian people were found to have substantially higher rates of infection, hospitalization, and death compared with White people. The extent of these disparities drew attention to other disparate outcomes including maternal mortality and morbidity, cancer outcomes, and overall life expectancy. Various professional organizations, including the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, began to add health equity to their strategic framework. In conjunction, this issue generated national attention reflected in the responses of federal and state governments as well as regulatory agencies. In addition to the ethical and moral reasons for intentional action to decrease these disparities and improve health equity, it became understood that significant economic costs are associated with health care disparities. If not adequately addressed, the economic consequence of these disparities will become exacerbated in the future as the United States becomes increasingly diverse. The Joint Commission has recently responded by distinguishing health equity as a significant patient safety and quality of care issue and identified it as the newest National Patient Safety Goal (NPSG). In this manuscript we discuss how healthcare institutions can comply with these new requirements and how radiology can contribute.}, }
@article {pmid40023713, year = {2025}, author = {Morichon, L and Assou, S and Bourdin, A and Muriaux, D and De Vos, J}, title = {[In vitro preclinical models reproducing the respiratory epithelium: Application to the study of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection].}, journal = {Revue des maladies respiratoires}, volume = {42}, number = {3}, pages = {153-158}, doi = {10.1016/j.rmr.2025.02.001}, pmid = {40023713}, issn = {1776-2588}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/pathology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; *Respiratory Mucosa/virology/pathology ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/virology ; *Models, Biological ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; }, abstract = {Highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the study of respiratory infections is a global health priority. To this end, many preclinical in vitro study models have been developed to reproduce nasal, bronchial or alveolar respiratory epithelium. These models can be established from immortalised cell lines, primary culture or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). They can also be constructed in various three-dimensional structures that are more or less physiological and easy to use. This synthetic review puts into perspective the advantages and limitations of these models, while highlighting their relevance for the study of the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid40023451, year = {2025}, author = {Bernauer, M and Waskin, H and Cossrow, N and Kaminski, A and Simon, A and Campbell, H and Patel, D}, title = {Posaconazole effectiveness in rare invasive fungal infections: A systematic literature review.}, journal = {International journal of antimicrobial agents}, volume = {66}, number = {1}, pages = {107482}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2025.107482}, pmid = {40023451}, issn = {1872-7913}, mesh = {Humans ; *Triazoles/therapeutic use ; *Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; *Invasive Fungal Infections/drug therapy/mortality ; Treatment Outcome ; Mucormycosis/drug therapy ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Mucormycosis, hyalohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and fungal mycetoma are rare invasive fungal infections (IFIs) that cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Few effective treatment options are available for these IFIs.<br><br>METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review of MEDLINE and Embase to identify studies published from 2005 (year of posaconazole approval) to 22 October 2022, reporting the efficacy/effectiveness of posaconazole monotherapy or combination therapy for treating mucormycosis, hyalohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and mycetoma. Positive outcomes or positive clinical outcomes were defined as reporting of a positive efficacy/effectiveness measure (i.e. no relapse, response, cure, radiological improvement, clinical/symptom improvement, or survived therapy).<br><br>RESULTS: Of 3207 articles identified (after removing duplicates), 533 articles (mostly case reports) were included. Positive clinical outcomes with posaconazole therapy were observed in most patients with mucormycosis (74.8%, 1197/1601), hyalohyphomycosis (58.5%, 62/106), chromoblastomycosis (90.5%, 19/21), and mycetoma (100%, 5/5). Overall survival was around 70% or greater across the IFIs examined. Positive response was higher in second-line monotherapy than first-line monotherapy in mucormycosis and chromoblastomycosis. Higher mortality was observed with combination therapy than monotherapy in mucormycosis and hyalohyphomycosis infections (except for first-line use in mucormycosis). Positive clinical outcome was 78.6% and overall survival was 78.6% in 323 coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis infection cases.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Despite the rarity of these IFIs, substantial data have been published since posaconazole was initially approved in 2005, and the real-world case reports demonstrate that posaconazole is an effective therapeutic option alone or in combination for the treatment of these rare IFIs.}, }
@article {pmid40021803, year = {2025}, author = {Mohammadi, KM and Shahhosseini, Z and Mohammadreza, MH and Heshmatnia, F and Nikbakht, R and Ghasemi, E and Jafari, M and Milani, H and Azizi, M}, title = {The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Domestic Violence Against Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Brain and behavior}, volume = {15}, number = {3}, pages = {e70345}, pmid = {40021803}, issn = {2162-3279}, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; *Domestic Violence/statistics &amp; numerical data/psychology ; *Pregnant People/psychology ; *Intimate Partner Violence/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Domestic violence (DV) against women has been reported increasingly, especially during the pandemic worldwide. Exposure to DV during pregnancy is associated with various maternal and neonatal adverse consequences. Therefore, the current study aims to systematically investigate and analyze the prevalence and associated factors of DV or intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, systematic literature searches in electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Scientific Information Database, were conducted from December 2023 to May 2024. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional and cohort studies. All included studies were entered into a meta-analysis. The binomial distribution formula was used to calculate the variance of point prevalence. In addition, meta-regression was used to assess the prevalence of DV based on the sampling place and quality of the included studies. All statistical analyses were performed with Stata version 11.0, Texas, USA.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 16 studies included, 156,775 pregnant women participated, and the sample sizes varied from 215 to 77,310 individuals. According to the combining the results of 12 studies, the overall prevalence of physical, psychological, and sexual violence against pregnant women during COVID-19 was estimated at 13.83 (95% CI, 5.92%-21.73%), 40.02% (95% CI, 22.74%-57.30%), and 15.09% (95% CI, 6.49%-23.69%), respectively. The pooled prevalence of the total IPV against pregnant women during COVID-19, according to the combined results of 15 studies, was estimated at 36.82% (95% CI, 22.24%-51.40%).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of all types of violence against pregnant women increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to other times, the results of the present study indicated that psychological violence was the most common violence reported by pregnant women. Therefore, it seems that identifying high-risk pregnant women as victims of violence is imperative to develop preventive interventions for this vulnerable group globally.}, }
@article {pmid40021428, year = {2025}, author = {Putot, A and Garin, N and Rello, J and Prendki, V and , }, title = {Comprehensive management of pneumonia in older patients.}, journal = {European journal of internal medicine}, volume = {135}, number = {}, pages = {14-24}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2025.02.025}, pmid = {40021428}, issn = {1879-0828}, mesh = {Humans ; Aged ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; *Pneumonia/diagnosis/therapy/drug therapy ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Aged, 80 and over ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; }, abstract = {Pneumonia is a leading cause of death and functional decline in the older population. Diagnosis of pneumonia conventionally includes the presence of respiratory signs and symptoms, systemic signs of infection and a radiographic demonstration of lung involvement. Pneumonia diagnosis in the very old patient is compromised by atypical and unspecific presentation, resulting in a high proportion of false positive diagnosis. Chest radiograph is frequently of low quality and inconclusive in older patients. Computed tomography scan and chest ultrasound may provide valuable diagnostic confirmation in uncertain cases. Bacterial pneumonia has been mainly studied, but viruses, among which influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus, are increasingly recognized as major players. The decision to treat pneumonia is usually based on a triple assessment of diagnostic probability, disease severity and the general assessment of the patient (frailty, comorbidities, place of living, and goals of care). Antimicrobial treatment is probabilistic, targeting common pathogens. The optimal antibiotic treatment depends on epidemiological data, setting of acquisition, comorbidities, risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or aspiration pneumonia, and severity. Recent controlled trials have demonstrated the non-inferiority of short regimen in non-severe community acquired pneumonia, even in older individuals and a five-day antibiotic treatment is recommended in case of clinical improvement. Pneumonia management in older patients requires a comprehensive approach, including control of comorbidities (particularly cardiovascular), nutritional support, rehabilitation, and prevention of aspiration. Finally, pneumonia may be a pre-terminal event in many patients, requiring advanced-care planning and prompt instauration of palliative management.}, }
@article {pmid40021356, year = {2025}, author = {Johnny, JD and Escobar, J and Van Cao, R and Chow, MC and Van Slooten, H and Drury, Z}, title = {The "8 D's" of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Risk: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, pages = {95-102}, doi = {10.4037/ajcc2025855}, pmid = {40021356}, issn = {1937-710X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/adverse effects/instrumentation/methods ; *Cannula/adverse effects ; *Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy is commonly used in acute respiratory failure. Despite this therapy's benefits, it also has risks, with therapy failure and intubation delay cited most frequently. Awareness of these risks is important to ensure optimal patient care and guide future research.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To explore risk representation in the literature for acutely ill adult patients receiving high-flow nasal cannula therapy.<br><br>METHODS: A scoping review was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute method of evidence synthesis. An a priori search strategy and protocol were carried out using the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and medRxiv databases. After primary screening, data were collected using the REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) tool. Data were prepared, analyzed, and presented using Jupyter Notebook (Python 3.9.7). An online data repository was created to host the associated datasets for future work.<br><br>RESULTS: Primary screening of the 2975 results led to exclusion of 2272 records. After duplicate and redundant articles were removed, articles underwent full-text review, yielding 343 included articles. The most frequently implicated disease in high-flow nasal cannula research was COVID-19 (n = 145), with publication frequency peaking in 2022 (n = 110). All risks fell under 8 categories: deterioration, death, device-related events, delay, disposition, debility, distress, and dysphagia (the "8 D's").<br><br>CONCLUSION: Acutely ill patients receiving high-flow nasal cannula therapy encounter 8 categories of risk. Deterioration and death are the most often discussed. Device-related events, delay, disposition, debility, and distress warrant further study.}, }
@article {pmid40021342, year = {2025}, author = {Khalifa, AZ and Perrie, Y and Shahiwala, A}, title = {Subunit antigen delivery: emulsion and liposomal adjuvants for next-generation vaccines.}, journal = {Expert opinion on drug delivery}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {583-597}, doi = {10.1080/17425247.2025.2474088}, pmid = {40021342}, issn = {1744-7593}, mesh = {Humans ; Liposomes ; Emulsions ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; *Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration &amp; dosage ; Vaccines, Subunit/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; Animals ; *Adjuvants, Vaccine/administration &amp; dosage ; *Antigens/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; Vaccine Development/methods ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Developing new vaccines to combat emerging infectious diseases has gained more significance after the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination is the most cost-effective method for preventing infectious diseases, and subunit antigens are a safer alternative to traditional live, attenuated, and inactivated vaccines.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: Challenges in delivering subunit antigens and the status of different vaccine adjuvants. Recent research developments involving emulsion and liposomal adjuvants and their compositions and properties affecting their adjuvancy.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: Lipid-based adjuvants, e.g. emulsions and liposomes, represent a paradigm shift in vaccine technology by enabling robust humoral and cellular immune responses with lower antigen doses, a property that is particularly critical during pandemics or in resource-limited settings. These adjuvants can optimize vaccine administration strategies by potentially reducing the frequency of booster doses, thereby improving patient compliance and lowering healthcare costs. While emulsions excel in dose-sparing and broadening immune responses, liposomes offer customization and precision in antigen delivery. However, the broader clinical application of these technologies is not without challenges. Stability issues, e.g. the susceptibility of emulsion-based adjuvants to freezing and their reliance on cold-chain logistics, pose significant barriers to their use in remote/underserved regions. Future developments will likely focus on improving manufacturing scalability and cost-effectiveness.}, }
@article {pmid40021310, year = {2025}, author = {Rahman-Shepherd, A and Aghogho Evaborhene, N and Berman, A and Amaya, AB and Boro, E and Dar, O and Ho, ZJM and Jung, AS and Khan, M and Mohamed-Ahmed, O and Oyebanji, O and Pangestu, TE and Rashid, SF and Razavi, A and Riggirozzi, P and Legido-Quigley, H and Hsu, LY}, title = {Establishing the value of regional cooperation and a critical role for regional organisations in managing future health emergencies.}, journal = {The Lancet. Global health}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {e585-e592}, doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00500-X}, pmid = {40021310}, issn = {2214-109X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *International Cooperation ; *Global Health ; *Emergencies ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Health Policy ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the failures of global, multilateral cooperation to respond and adapt to health emergencies while observing the principles of solidarity and equity. This response has raised the question of whether the global architecture for health emergencies is fit for purpose. In this Health Policy, amid proposals to reform this architecture, we consider the potential value of regional cooperation and the role regional organisations might play in delivering effective and equitable solutions to the challenges posed by public health emergencies. Drawing on our multidisciplinary perspectives and diverse experience of geographical regions, we explore the value of regional cooperation, the role of regional organisations, where they could have the greatest impact, and the major factors affecting regional cooperation and regional organisations in managing public health emergencies. As the COVID-19 pandemic reshapes our approach to health emergencies, leveraging and integrating the capabilities of regional organisations will be crucial for improving preparedness and response efforts globally.}, }
@article {pmid40020648, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, P and Li, ZY and Wang, J and Liu, KZ and Wang, YR and Guo, QY and Wen, SL and Ni, PL and Zhang, QP and Wang, T and Gong, CM and Wan, W and Yi, XN and Ma, ZJ and Li, YQ and Lu, LF and Feng, RJ}, title = {Potential role for kynurenine pathway in increased COVID-19 mortality of patients with schizophrenia.}, journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, volume = {183}, number = {}, pages = {289-295}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.02.030}, pmid = {40020648}, issn = {1879-1379}, mesh = {Humans ; *Kynurenine/metabolism ; *Schizophrenia/metabolism/mortality/complications ; *COVID-19/mortality/metabolism/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common psychiatric disorder that has complex pathological mechanisms. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, patients with SCZ had substantially higher rates of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, as well as higher COVID-19 mortality relative to patients without mental disorders. Previous studies suggested that COVID-19 and SCZ both involve the kynurenine metabolic pathway. This article reviews the characteristics of kynurenine metabolism in COVID-19 and SCZ, and considers the possibility that disordered kynurenine metabolism may be one cause of increased infection and COVID-19 mortality rates in the patients with SCZ. Several possible molecular mechanisms that could be involved in disease pathology are discussed.}, }
@article {pmid40019163, year = {2025}, author = {Bi, C and He, J and Yuan, Y and Che, S and Cui, T and Ning, L and Li, Y and Dou, Z and Han, L}, title = {Metabolomic characteristics and related pathways in patients with different severity of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of global health}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {04056}, pmid = {40019163}, issn = {2047-2986}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism ; *Metabolomics ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Severity of Illness Index ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Metabolome ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite advances in metabolomic research on COVID-19, existing studies have small sample sizes and few have comprehensively described the metabolic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 at each stage. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarise the similarities and differences of biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 of different severity and describe their metabolic characteristics at different stages.<br><br>METHODS: We retrieved studies from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library published by October 2022. We performed a meta-analysis on untargeted and targeted metabolomics research data, using the ratio of means as the effect size. We compared changes in metabolite levels between patients with varying severity and controls and investigated sources of heterogeneity through subgroup analyses and meta-regression analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: We included 22 cohorts from 21 studies, comprising 2421 participants, including COVID-19 patients of varying severity and healthy controls. We conducted meta-analysis and heterogeneity analysis on the 1058 metabolites included in the study. The results indicated that, compared to the healthy control group, 23 biomarkers were associated with mild cases (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05), 3 biomarkers with moderate cases (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05), and 37 biomarkers with severe cases (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant disturbances in amino acid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, primary bile acid biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism in patients with mild, moderate, and severe disease. Additionally, we found that each severity stage exhibited unique metabolic patterns (all P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05) and that the degree of metabolic dysregulation progressively worsened with increasing disease severity (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results of our meta-analysis indicate the similarities and differences of biomarkers and metabolic characteristics of patients with different severity in COVID-19, thereby providing new pathways for the study of pathogenesis, the development precise treatment, and the formulation of comprehensive strategies.<br><br>REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42022369937.}, }
@article {pmid40018613, year = {2024}, author = {Mwanja, EL and Mshenga, MM and Alexander, AP and Makuchilo, MS and Kagya, KM and Otladisa, KS}, title = {Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV/AIDS care and management in Tanzania: challenges, adaptations and lessons learnt-a review.}, journal = {BMJ public health}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {e000924}, pmid = {40018613}, issn = {2753-4294}, abstract = {This review examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV/AIDS care and management in Tanzania, highlighting challenges, adaptations and lessons learnt. The pandemic has led to disruptions in service delivery, reduced access to testing and treatment, and increased stigma and discrimination. Adaptations and innovations, such as telemedicine (telehealth and virtual care), multimonth dispensing of antiretroviral therapy, decentralised drug distribution initiatives, have been implemented to mitigate the challenges faced in HIV/AIDS care and management. Integration of HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 services is crucial to ensure the continuity of care and management in the postpandemic by strengthening healthcare systems, improving supply chain management and enhancing community engagement.}, }
@article {pmid40018608, year = {2024}, author = {Leger, D and Ferini-Strambi, L and Han, F and Poyares, D and Uchiyama, M and Zee, PC}, title = {Novel perspective of 'poor sleep' in public health: a narrative review.}, journal = {BMJ public health}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {e000952}, pmid = {40018608}, issn = {2753-4294}, abstract = {A high percentage of people worldwide complain of sleep disturbances; however, the vast majority do not meet the diagnostic criteria for insomnia or other classic sleep disorders. Therefore, the 'classical' concept of poor sleep remains undetected, and patients stay ignored and unidentified. Also, poor sleep has been strongly associated with increased daytime function impairment, morbidity and mortality and is considered a risk factor for developing mental disorders. Poor sleep is the individual experience of insufficient restorative sleep and/or sleep satisfaction in adults who do not fulfil the criteria for sleep disorders. This article provides a review on the impact of poor sleep on a healthy life within the multidimensional concept of sleep health, including the COVID-19-affected period. We propose a wide definition of poor sleep and the key characteristics of poor sleepers and tools for (self) detection. We discuss sleep assessment methods that combine the ability to capture the subjective perception of the sleep experience and measure objective sleep parameters. We then report selected strategies to improve sleep health, focusing on healthy sleep habits, cognitive behavioural therapy, diet, exercise, food supplements and other sleep aids. Considering the current megalopolis way of life, young people are following a 24/24 hours 7 days/week rhythm of life, with increased exposure to noise and light pollution, night-shift work, higher commute time, increased global temperature and overuse of smartphones and screens. Therefore, there is an urgent need for increasing awareness of poor sleep and stimulating educational efforts targeted at poor sleepers and primary care specialists.}, }
@article {pmid40017672, year = {2024}, author = {Rajan, R and Dovbenyuk, R and Kshatriya, M and Yanikomeroglu, S and Banfield, L and Athale, U and Thabane, L and Samaan, MC}, title = {The Impact of Virtual Care on Health-Related Quality of Life in Pediatric Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {109-117}, pmid = {40017672}, issn = {1179-318X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the utilization of virtual care platforms in pediatric diabetes mellitus. The impact of these interventions on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is unclear.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This systematic review evaluated the impact of virtual care, including eHealth and mHealth modalities, when compared to in-person care, on HRQOL in children with diabetes.<br><br>METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCare, PsycInfo, and Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A&amp;I, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases and registries were searched from database inception to October 2[nd], 2023. Randomized and non-randomized comparative studies were eligible for inclusion.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirteen studies were identified (12 randomized controlled trials, 1 cross-sectional study) involving 1566 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The supplemental virtual care interventions utilized either web- or mobile-based platforms for intervention implementation. No interventions were detrimental to HRQOL, and a few improved the short-term HRQOL. No interventions worsened glycemic control. Patients and family's satisfaction with virtual care was high, perceiving it to be equal to or better than in-person care. There was no evidence for the use of virtual care and its effect on HRQOL in pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Virtual care is associated with a stable or improved HRQOL and patient and family satisfaction in pediatric T1DM. Decision makers need to consider expanding virtual access to pediatric diabetes care that can improve equitable access to quality care across healthcare systems globally.}, }
@article {pmid40017562, year = {2025}, author = {Subramaniam, T and Mualif, SA and Chan, WH and Abd Halim, KB}, title = {Unlocking the potential of in silico approach in designing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Frontiers in bioinformatics}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {1533983}, pmid = {40017562}, issn = {2673-7647}, abstract = {Antibodies are naturally produced safeguarding proteins that the immune system generates to fight against invasive invaders. For centuries, they have been produced artificially and utilized to eradicate various infectious diseases. Given the ongoing threat posed by COVID-19 pandemics worldwide, antibodies have become one of the most promising treatments to prevent infection and save millions of lives. Currently, in silico techniques provide an innovative approach for developing antibodies, which significantly impacts the formulation of antibodies. These techniques develop antibodies with great specificity and potency against diseases such as SARS-CoV-2 by using computational tools and algorithms. Conventional methods for designing and developing antibodies are frequently costly and time-consuming. However, in silico approach offers a contemporary, effective, and economical paradigm for creating next-generation antibodies, especially in accordance with recent developments in bioinformatics. By utilizing multiple antibody databases and high-throughput approaches, a unique antibody construct can be designed in silico, facilitating accurate, reliable, and secure antibody development for human use. Compared to their traditionally developed equivalents, a large number of in silico-designed antibodies have advanced swiftly to clinical trials and became accessible sooner. This article helps researchers develop SARS-CoV-2 antibodies more quickly and affordably by giving them access to current information on computational approaches for antibody creation.}, }
@article {pmid40017289, year = {2024}, author = {Lucchiari, S and Magri, F and Rimoldi, M and Pagliarani, S and Corti, S and Comi, GP and Sciacco, M}, title = {Myotonic Dystrophy type 2 unmasked by physical activity resumption following COVID-19 lockdown: case discussion and review of the literature.}, journal = {Acta myologica : myopathies and cardiomyopathies : official journal of the Mediterranean Society of Myology}, volume = {43}, number = {4}, pages = {134-138}, pmid = {40017289}, issn = {2532-1900}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Female ; *Myotonic Dystrophy/diagnosis/physiopathology/genetics ; *Exercise/physiology ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Electromyography ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2; PROMM) is characterized by myotonia and muscle dysfunction, episodic muscle pain, proximal and axial weakness of the neck flexors. We describe the case of a young woman affected with a clinically silent form of DM2 disclosed by her return to physical exercise, a 7 km walk, after Covid-19 lockdown.<br><br>METHODS: The patient underwent neurological examination, serum CK dosage and electromyography after assessing the Emergency Room complaining of cramps and severe myalgia. Molecular screening for CNBP expansions was carried out on the patient and her family.<br><br>RESULTS: Clinical signs were generalized muscle weakness, more evident in the lower limb-girdle, myotonia at hands and foot fingers and dramatic elevation in CK levels. DM2 genetic assay revealed a pathological expansion in intron 1 of CNBP gene, confirming the clinical suspicion.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The case we describe is the first, to our knowledge, addressing the impact of Covid pandemia on DM2 patients. In particular, we discuss the role of physical training in modulating the onset and the severity of clinical manifestations of DM2, since sustained regular exercise can mask the disease whereas prolonged suspension can cause massive muscle damage. Recent works investigate possible molecular mechanisms altered by forced physical inactivity, preventing skeletal muscle from adapting to the sudden, non-progressive training reactivation. Additional observations on DM2 patients, other myopathic subjects and elders will help clarify this important issue and provide useful behavioural advice.}, }
@article {pmid40017108, year = {2025}, author = {Neto, MG and Suzart Coutinho de Araujo, W and Pinto, ACPN and Saquetto, MB and Martinez, BP and Gomes, VA and Brites, C and Carvalho, VO}, title = {Effects of physical rehabilitation interventions on exercise performance, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life in acute and post-acute COVID-19 patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Chronic illness}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {17423953241306275}, doi = {10.1177/17423953241306275}, pmid = {40017108}, issn = {1745-9206}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To analyze the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of physical rehabilitation interventions provided directly (face to face) and by telerehabilitation on exercise performance, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in acute and post-acute COVID-19 patients.<br><br>METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, different electronic databases were searched up to January 2023. Mean difference (MD), (standardized mean difference (SMD) were calculated.<br><br>RESULTS: 34 studies (2214 patients) met the study criteria. Physical interventions may improve aerobic capacity in acute COVID-19 (SMD 1.7; 95% CI 0.37, 2.8) and in post-acute COVID-19 participants (MD 0.4; 95% CI 0.1, 07) compared to usual care for acute and pos-acute COVID-19 patients, respectively. Physical interventions may also improve dyspnea in acute (SMD -1.4; 95% CI -0.8, -0.01) and in post-acute COVID-19 participants (MD -0.4; 95% CI -0.7, -0.2) compared to usual care. Physical interventions may result in an improvement in HRQoL (physical domain) (SMD 0.6; 95% CI 0.3) in post-acute COVID-19 participants compared to usual care in pos-acute COVID-19 patients.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The results support that physical rehabilitation interventions improve aerobic capacity and dyspnea in acute and post-COVID-19 patients. Moreover, physical interventions improve physical domain in HRQoL.}, }
@article {pmid40016372, year = {2025}, author = {Ingham, J and Ruan, JL and Coelho, MA}, title = {Breaking barriers: we need a multidisciplinary approach to tackle cancer drug resistance.}, journal = {BJC reports}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {11}, pmid = {40016372}, issn = {2731-9377}, support = {RCCCDF-Nov23/100002/CRUK_/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {Most cancer-related deaths result from drug-resistant disease(1,2). However, cancer drug resistance is not a primary focus in drug development. Effectively mitigating and treating drug-resistant cancer will require advancements in multiple fields, including early detection, drug discovery, and our fundamental understanding of cancer biology. Therefore, successfully tackling drug resistance requires an increasingly multidisciplinary approach. A recent workshop on cancer drug resistance, jointly organised by Cancer Research UK, the Rosetrees Trust, and the UKRI-funded Physics of Life Network, brought together experts in cell biology, physical sciences, computational biology, drug discovery, and clinicians to focus on these key challenges and devise interdisciplinary approaches to address them. In this perspective, we review the outcomes of the workshop and highlight unanswered research questions. We outline the emerging hallmarks of drug resistance and discuss lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and antimicrobial resistance that could help accelerate information sharing and timely adoption of research discoveries into the clinic. We envisage that initiatives that drive greater interdisciplinarity will yield rich dividends in developing new ways to better detect, monitor, and treat drug resistance, thereby improving treatment outcomes for cancer patients.}, }
@article {pmid40016086, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, W and Chen, MY and Feng, Y and Su, Z and Cheung, T and Jackson, T and Zhang, Q and Xiang, YT}, title = {Epidemiology of Hikikomori: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 studies.}, journal = {Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences}, volume = {79}, number = {4}, pages = {138-146}, doi = {10.1111/pcn.13768}, pmid = {40016086}, issn = {1440-1819}, support = {Z181100001518005//Beijing Municipal Science &amp; Technology Commission/ ; Discipline Backbone-01-028//Beijing High Level Public Health Technology Talent Construction Project/ ; MYRG2019-00066-FHS//University of Macau/ ; MYRG2022-00187-FHS//University of Macau/ ; XMLX202128//Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Prevalence ; *Social Isolation/psychology ; }, abstract = {AIM: Hikikomori, a severe form of social withdrawal, has been recognized as an important global public health problem. However, estimates of the worldwide Hikikomori prevalence have been inconsistent. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the cross-cultural prevalence of Hikikomori through a meta-analysis and systematic review.<br><br>METHODS: We systematically searched multiple databases (including PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) for relevant studies. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses for categorical variables and meta-regression analyses for continuous variables were performed to identify potential moderators of Hikikomori prevalence estimates.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 19 studies based on 58,229 participants were included for analysis. The overall prevalence of Hikikomori was 8.0% (95% CI, 4.9%-12.9%). The prevalence of Hikikomori did not differ significantly between regions (East Asia and Western), time periods (pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic), sex, sample size, or presence versus absence of psychiatric disorders. In contrast, higher prevalence rates were reported in studies using the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25) (21.7%; 95% CI, 11.8%-36.4%) versus other questionnaires (5.0%; 95% CI, 3.1%-7.9%, [P < 0.01]) and nonprobability sampling (12.5%; 95% CI, 7.9%-19.2%) versus probability sampling methods (3.1%; 95% CI, 1.4%-6.9% [P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01]). Lower study quality (coefficient = -0.45, P = 0.03) and older age were also linked to higher prevalence (coefficient = 0.10, P = 0.01).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that Hikikomori is a common problem globally. The results highlight the importance of using standardized diagnostic tools as well as further research on moderating factors and intervention methods to alleviate disabling experiences associated with Hikikomori.}, }
@article {pmid40015737, year = {2025}, author = {MacIntyre, CR and Chughtai, AA and Kunasekaran, M and Tawfiq, E and Greenhalgh, T}, title = {The role of masks and respirators in preventing respiratory infections in healthcare and community settings.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {388}, number = {}, pages = {e078573}, doi = {10.1136/bmj-2023-078573}, pmid = {40015737}, issn = {1756-1833}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Masks/standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Pneumonia, Viral/prevention &amp; control/transmission/epidemiology ; *Coronavirus Infections/prevention &amp; control/transmission/epidemiology ; *Respiratory Protective Devices ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention &amp; control ; Betacoronavirus ; *Infection Control/methods ; }, abstract = {The covid-19 pandemic saw frequent changes and conflicts in mask policies and politicization of masks. On reviewing the evidence, including studies published after the pandemic, the data suggest respirators are more effective than masks in healthcare, but must be continuously worn to be protective. Healthcare and aged care settings amplify outbreaks, so protection of patients and staff is paramount. Most guidelines assume risk is only present during close contact or aerosol generating procedures, but studies show intermittent use of respirators is not protective. New research in aerosol science confirms the risk of infection is widespread in health facilities. In community settings, any mask use is protective during epidemics, especially if used early, when combined with hand hygiene, and if wearers are compliant. Community use of N95 respirators is more protective than surgical masks, which are more protective than cloth masks, but even cloth masks provide some protection. Mask guidelines should be adaptable to the specific context and should account for rising epidemic activity, and whether a pathogen has asymptomatic transmission. The main rationale for universal masking during pandemics is asymptomatic transmission, which means risk of transmission cannot be self-identified. The precautionary principle should be applied during serious emerging infections or pandemics when transmission mode is not fully understood, or vaccines and drugs are not available. If respirators are not available, medical or cloth masks could be used as a last resort. Data exist to support extended use and reuse of masks and respirators during short supply. In summary, extensive evidence generated during the covid-19 pandemic confirms the superiority of respirators and supports the use of masks and respirators in the community during periods of high epidemic activity. Some gaps in research remain, including economic analyses, research in special population groups for whom masking is challenging, and research on countering disinformation.}, }
@article {pmid40015626, year = {2025}, author = {Collin-Bund, V and Poindron, V and Van Quyen, PL and Boudier, &#xc9; and Minella, C and Langer, B and Akladios, C and Weingertner, AS}, title = {Controversies in chronic histiocytic intervillositis.}, journal = {Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction}, volume = {54}, number = {4}, pages = {102931}, doi = {10.1016/j.jogoh.2025.102931}, pmid = {40015626}, issn = {2468-7847}, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Placenta Diseases/therapy/diagnosis/immunology/pathology ; Chronic Disease ; *Chorionic Villi/pathology/immunology ; Histiocytes/pathology ; COVID-19/complications ; *Histiocytosis/therapy/diagnosis ; }, abstract = {Understanding the"paradox" of pregnancy remains a challenging field of investigation especially when immunological dysregulation is suspected in pathological pregnancies. Chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) is an example of a rare placental inflammatory disease that can occur during any trimester of pregnancy. The pathogenesis of CHI involves an abnormal immune response characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate of maternal CD68+ mononuclear immune cells in the intervillous space. CHI may be associated with villous and intervillous fibrinoid deposits. The precise immunological mechanism is not yet fully understood; it probably relies on an allo-immune of graft rejection rather than an auto-immune mechanism, although it has been described in several autoimmune diseases. CHI has also been described in COVID19 infected pregnant women. The recurrence rate is high and complications are severe: CHI is strongly associated with fetal growth restriction, miscarriage and stillbirth. The management of these patients remains an issue lacking of -standardized guidelines. The aim of this narrative review is to focus on the knowledge, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of CHI over the last 5 years.}, }
@article {pmid40015326, year = {2025}, author = {Heudorf, U and Stalla, K}, title = {[Contact-restricting measures in care facilities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on residents - a plea].}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany))}, volume = {87}, number = {5}, pages = {359-368}, doi = {10.1055/a-2476-9220}, pmid = {40015326}, issn = {1439-4421}, mesh = {Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/psychology/transmission ; Germany/epidemiology ; *Homes for the Aged/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Nursing Homes/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Patient Isolation/psychology ; Quality of Life/psychology ; }, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, residents of care homes for the elderly were at a particularly high risk of contracting the virus and dying from it. Strict protective measures were therefore taken, including bans on visits. However, the negative effects of these contact-restricting measures on the mental and physical health, quality of life, right to self-determination and ultimately the dignity of the residents soon became apparent and the question was raised as to whether isolation (confinement disease) was even more harmful to health than the disease itself. Statements on infection control measures in care facilities, studies with the views of those affected (residents, relatives, employees in care facilities) and interviews with residents of care facilities as well as reviews on adverse effects of the protective measures were researched. The search included both so-called "gray literature" and publications from PubMed. The residents suffered greatly from isolation and from the fact that decisions were made about them without consulting them. They complained about the loss of their autonomy and felt that their dignity was violated. The reviews showed that the residents generally experienced loneliness, anxiety, sadness and depression more frequently, and in some cases also physical deterioration. In future, care must be taken to achieve a good balance from a legal and health perspective between protection against infection and protection of the mental and physical health, well-being and quality of life of residents, respect for autonomy, the right to self-determination and the dignity of residents. This requires a broad social discussion in which not only experts from the fields of infectiology but also from the fields of geriatrics, nursing, public health, ethics and law, but in particular also those affected themselves or their representatives, their relatives, are heard and their arguments taken into account.}, }
@article {pmid40015249, year = {2025}, author = {Dederer, HG}, title = {Human health and genetic technology.}, journal = {Trends in biotechnology}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {522-532}, doi = {10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.12.006}, pmid = {40015249}, issn = {1879-3096}, mesh = {Humans ; Genetic Therapy ; *Organisms, Genetically Modified ; }, abstract = {The 1975 Asilomar conference contributed to the misperception that recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology is inherently risky to human health and the environment. It thus paved the way toward process-based regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), such as in the EU. Initially, this regulatory approach obstructed technological uses of rDNA related to human health. However, regulators gradually softened the rules applicable to laboratories or industrial facilities. This encouraged R&amp;D and production of pharmaceuticals derived from GMOs. Nevertheless, administering pharmaceuticals containing GMOs to patients may still be confronted with burdensome process-based GMO law on the deliberate release of GMOs into the environment. On the other hand, pharmaceutical law may need to be updated regarding, for example, novel gene therapies or xenotransplantation.}, }
@article {pmid40013818, year = {2025}, author = {Li, J and Liu, D and Li, X and Wei, J and Du, W and Zhao, A and Xu, M}, title = {RNA vaccines: The dawn of a new age for tuberculosis?.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {2469333}, pmid = {40013818}, issn = {2164-554X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage/genetics ; Vaccine Development ; *Tuberculosis/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; mRNA Vaccines/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Animals ; RNA, Messenger/immunology ; }, abstract = {Since 2019, there has been a growing focus on mRNA vaccines for infectious disease prevention, particularly following the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). mRNA vaccines offer advantages such as rapid production and the ability to induce robust cellular and antibody responses, which are essential for combating infections that require cell-mediated immunity, including Tuberculosis (TB). This review explores recent progress in TB mRNA vaccines and addresses several key areas: (1) the urgent need for new TB vaccines; (2) current advancements in TB vaccine development, and the advantages and challenges of mRNA technology; (3) the design and characteristics of TB mRNA vaccines; (4) the immunological mechanisms of TB mRNA vaccines; (5) manufacturing processes for TB mRNA vaccines; and (6) safety and regulatory considerations. This interdisciplinary review aims to provide insights for researchers working to address critical questions in TB mRNA vaccine development.}, }
@article {pmid40013505, year = {2025}, author = {Simniceanu, A and Satta, G}, title = {Infection prevention and control of epidemic-prone acute respiratory infections in healthcare setting.}, journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {230-236}, doi = {10.1097/MCP.0000000000001158}, pmid = {40013505}, issn = {1531-6971}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/transmission/epidemiology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Infection Control/methods/standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Acute Disease ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The recent COVID-19 pandemic sparked discussions and highlighted significant gaps on the most appropriate infection prevention and control (IPC) measures when dealing with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the existing international and national guidelines on the IPC measures to control epidemic and pandemic-prone ARIs in healthcare settings.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The WHO has recently produced a report proposing an updated terminology for respiratory pathogens. One of the key outcomes of this consultation was the adoption of the term 'infectious respiratory particles' (IRPs). According to the report, IRPs are defined as infectious particles that can be expired from an infected person through activities like breathing, talking, singing, coughing, sneezing, or even spitting. Most notably, there is no longer the clear and traditional distinction between droplet and aerosol based on the cut-off of particle size, but rather a continuum of particle sizes of IRPs.<br><br>SUMMARY: Among other recommendations, all international guidelines place emphasis on the use of standard and transmission-based precautions when dealing with respiratory viruses. It is important to assess how the new proposed terminology for respiratory pathogens may affect the current existing IPC measures.}, }
@article {pmid40013026, year = {2025}, author = {Ko, M and Azzopardi, M and Loizou, C and Logeswaran, A and Ng, B and Pacho, A and Chong, YJ}, title = {Telehealth and people with disabilities in the United Kingdom: a scoping review.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1504318}, pmid = {40013026}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *Telemedicine ; United Kingdom ; *Persons with Disabilities/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Health Services Accessibility ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; State Medicine ; Patient Satisfaction ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Telehealth, also sometimes known as telemedicine, is the use of communication technologies to deliver healthcare remotely, has become increasingly vital, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. While telehealth can improve healthcare access, it may exacerbate inequities for people with disabilities. This scoping review explores the needs, experiences, and difficulties people with disabilities face when accessing telehealth services in the United Kingdom's (UK) National Health Service (NHS).<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was conducted using the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The search terms included variations of "telehealth," "disability," "impairment," "United Kingdom," and "NHS." Studies published after January 2010 were included if they addressed the experiences of people with disabilities when using telehealth. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, and findings were synthesized into five key themes: patient and carer satisfaction, benefits of telehealth, healthcare provider perspectives, disability-specific barriers, and technological barriers.<br><br>RESULTS: The studies highlighted varied experiences across different disabilities, telehealth technologies, and medical specialties. While patients and carers generally expressed satisfaction with telehealth's convenience and accessibility, a preference for face-to-face consultations remained. Key barriers included technological challenges such as poor internet connectivity, unfamiliarity with digital tools, and device access, as well as disability-specific challenges, particularly for sensory impairments. Reported benefits of telehealth included improved access to care and flexibility for patients with disabilities. However, healthcare provider perspectives highlighted concerns about the ability to build a rapport and perform thorough assessments remotely.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Telehealth should complement traditional care through a hybrid approach. Future efforts must focus on improving technological accessibility, training healthcare providers, and co-designing solutions with patients to promote equitable healthcare access for people with disabilities.}, }
@article {pmid40012912, year = {2024}, author = {Naiditch, H and Betts, MR and Larman, HB and Levi, M and Rosenberg, AZ}, title = {Immunologic and inflammatory consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its implications in renal disease.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1376654}, pmid = {40012912}, issn = {1664-3224}, support = {F32 MD019534/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States ; T32 HL007563/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology/metabolism ; *Kidney Diseases/immunology ; }, abstract = {The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic made it critical to understand the immune and inflammatory responses to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It became increasingly recognized that the immune response was a key mediator of illness severity and that its mechanisms needed to be better understood. Early infection of both tissue and immune cells, such as macrophages, leading to pyroptosis-mediated inflammasome production in an organ system critical for systemic oxygenation likely plays a central role in the morbidity wrought by SARS-CoV-2. Delayed transcription of Type I and Type III interferons by SARS-CoV-2 may lead to early disinhibition of viral replication. Cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), some of which may be produced through mechanisms involving nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), likely contribute to the hyperinflammatory state in patients with severe COVID-19. Lymphopenia, more apparent among natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T-cells, and B-cells, can contribute to disease severity and may reflect direct cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 or end-organ sequestration. Direct infection and immune activation of endothelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 may be a critical mechanism through which end-organ systems are impacted. In this context, endovascular neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and microthrombi development can be seen in the lungs and other critical organs throughout the body, such as the heart, gut, and brain. The kidney may be among the most impacted extrapulmonary organ by SARS-CoV-2 infection owing to a high concentration of ACE2 and exposure to systemic SARS-CoV-2. In the kidney, acute tubular injury, early myofibroblast activation, and collapsing glomerulopathy in select populations likely account for COVID-19-related AKI and CKD development. The development of COVID-19-associated nephropathy (COVAN), in particular, may be mediated through IL-6 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, suggesting a direct connection between the COVID-19-related immune response and the development of chronic disease. Chronic manifestations of COVID-19 also include systemic conditions like Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and Adults (MIS-A) and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), which may reflect a spectrum of clinical presentations of persistent immune dysregulation. The lessons learned and those undergoing continued study likely have broad implications for understanding viral infections' immunologic and inflammatory consequences beyond coronaviruses.}, }
@article {pmid40012799, year = {2024}, author = {Mirzaei, A and Djalilian, A and Baharnoori, SM and Bohrani Sefidan, B and Shahriari, M and Cheraqpour, K and Ghassemi, M and Kufta, A and Soleimani, M}, title = {Exploring the Ocular Transmission Potential of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and the Assessment of Conjunctival Swab Test Results: A Concise Review.}, journal = {Journal of current ophthalmology}, volume = {36}, number = {2}, pages = {122-128}, pmid = {40012799}, issn = {2452-2325}, abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the possibility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission through the eyes, particularly through the ocular surface and conjunctival route, as well as the positivity of conjunctival swab test.<br><br>METHODS: A narrative review was conducted to assess the possibility of COVID-19 transmission and the role of conjunctival swabs in diagnosing COVID-19 patients. Several studies were analyzed to compare the positivity rates and sensitivities of conjunctival swabs versus nasopharyngeal swabs.<br><br>RESULTS: Despite the fact that respiratory droplets are the major route of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission, the eyes can potentially serve as an active (via tears) or passive route (via the nasolacrimal duct) of infection. Besides, conjunctival swabs exhibited a low positive rate and sensitivity for detecting COVID-19 compared to nasopharyngeal swabs. While nasopharyngeal swabs typically showed positivity rates between 60% and 100%, conjunctival swabs ranged from showing no detectable evidence to a 57% positivity rate.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Despite the low transmission rate through the eyes, thorough consideration is necessary as ocular transmission cannot be entirely ruled out. Further research and vigilance are warranted to better understand and mitigate potential ocular routes of COVID-19 transmission.}, }
@article {pmid40012145, year = {2025}, author = {George, J and Gautam, D and Dominic, MR and Malhotra, R}, title = {Osteonecrosis following Steroid Therapy in COVID-19 Patients: An Outlook on the Emerging Problem.}, journal = {Hip &amp; pelvis}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, pages = {26-37}, pmid = {40012145}, issn = {2287-3260}, abstract = {Steroids are used in management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with severe illness and their use has been demonstrated to decrease mortality. Although life-saving, steroids are well documented as risk factors for osteonecrosis. Osteonecrosis of the hip can be debilitating and surgery may be required to improve the quality of life. With the increasing number of COVID-19 cases, osteonecrosis of the hip and other joints resulting from steroid use is expected to show a sharp rise in the coming years. In this review we discuss the association between steroids and osteonecrosis, indications for steroid therapy in COVID-19 patients, and incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of osteonecrosis secondary to steroids in COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40012070, year = {2025}, author = {Kirby, A and Griffin, D and Heavin, C and Drummond, FJ and McGrath, C and Kiely, F}, title = {Telehealth adoption in palliative care: a systematic review of patient barriers and facilitators.}, journal = {BMC palliative care}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {52}, pmid = {40012070}, issn = {1472-684X}, support = {none//MSD Oncology/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Palliative Care/methods ; *Telemedicine/standards/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Neoplasms/therapy/psychology ; COVID-19 ; Health Services Accessibility ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Telehealth is increasingly used in palliative care and its application is seen as one possible solution to improve access to palliative care services, thereby providing additional support for patients with advanced cancer. By completing a systematic review of the literature this research identifies the barriers and facilitators of telehealth adoption by patients with advanced cancer to determine the type of healthcare services needed to meet their needs.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted on CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore as well as grey literature to identify the barriers and facilitators of adopting telehealth by patients with advanced cancer in palliative care. The search was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023446460) and focused on articles published between March 2021 and August 2023, after the first wave of COVID-19.<br><br>RESULTS: Overall, nine papers were identified and included in the review. Patients with advanced cancer were found to be willing to use telehealth reporting a high satisfaction. Patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative care experienced barriers such as software and hardware failures as well as technical issues. Complicating this even further was a language barrier, as well as aging and medical issues. Older patients found the use of telehealth difficult and reported needing additional support around its use, yet telehealth was broadly found to be accepted. Telehealth facilitated a sense of independence, control, comfort and security to patients. Operating in the background while remaining available it promoted a sense of empowerment for patients.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Identification of the barriers and facilitators of telehealth use by patients with advanced cancer in palliative care, contributes to condition specific benchmarks for telehealth use and further informs national treatment guidelines around patients with advanced cancer needs to ensure sustainability and relevance now and in the future.}, }
@article {pmid40011942, year = {2025}, author = {Leitzke, M and Roach, DT and Hesse, S and Schönknecht, P and Becker, GA and Rullmann, M and Sattler, B and Sabri, O}, title = {Long COVID - a critical disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission?.}, journal = {Bioelectronic medicine}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {5}, pmid = {40011942}, issn = {2332-8886}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, there are many chronically ill Long COVID (LC) patients with different symptoms of varying degrees of severity. The pathological pathways of LC remain unclear until recently and make identification of path mechanisms and exploration of therapeutic options an urgent challenge. There is an apparent relationship between LC symptoms and impaired cholinergic neurotransmission.<br><br>METHODS: This paper reviews the current literature on the effects of blocked nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the main affected organ and cell systems and contrasts this with the unblocking effects of the alkaloid nicotine. In addition, mechanisms are presented that could explain the previously unexplained phenomenon of post-vaccination syndrome&#xa0;(PVS). The fact that not only SARS-CoV-2 but numerous other viruses can bind to nAChRs is discussed under the assumption that numerous other post-viral diseases and autoimmune diseases (ADs) may also be due to impaired cholinergic transmission. We also present a case report that demonstrates changes in cholinergic transmission, specifically, the availability of &#x3b1;4&#x3b2;2 nAChRs by using (-)-[[18]F]Flubatine whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of cholinergic dysfunction in a LC patient along with a significant neurological improvement before and after low-dose transcutaneous nicotine (LDTN) administration. Lastly, a descriptive analysis and evaluation were conducted on the results of a survey involving 231 users of LDTN.<br><br>RESULTS: A substantial body of research has emerged that offers a compelling explanation for the phenomenon of LC, suggesting that it can be plausibly explained because of impaired nAChR function in the human body. Following a ten-day course of transcutaneous nicotine administration, no enduring neuropathological manifestations were observed in the patient. This observation was accompanied by a significant increase in the number of free ligand binding sites (LBS) of nAChRs, as determined by (-)-[[18]F]Flubatine PET imaging. The analysis of the survey shows that the majority of patients (73.5%) report a significant improvement in the symptoms of their LC/MEF/CFS disease as a result of LDTN.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, based on current knowledge, LDTN appears to be a promising and safe procedure to relieve LC symptoms with no expected long-term harm.}, }
@article {pmid40011078, year = {2025}, author = {Denno, P and Zhao, S and Husain, M and Hampshire, A}, title = {Defining brain fog across medical conditions.}, journal = {Trends in neurosciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.tins.2025.01.003}, pmid = {40011078}, issn = {1878-108X}, abstract = {'Brain fog' is commonly reported in more than a dozen chronic diseases, but what is it? We review research across conditions which has characterised brain fog and evaluate its definitions and objective correlates. Brain fog has been used to refer to a variable set of overlapping symptoms implicating cognition, fatigue, and affect. It has been defined as a distinct symptom, a syndrome, or a nonspecific term. We consider the evidence that brain fog is a transdiagnostic entity with a common phenomenology and profile of objective cognitive deficits. We discuss where these commonalities arise and argue that linguistic ambiguity, shared cognitive impairments, and noncognitive factors are more likely than shared neurobiology. We suggest how future research might apply existing tools to disambiguate the phenomena that brain fog conflates.}, }
@article {pmid40010966, year = {2025}, author = {Dimaki, V and Zampetidis, CP and Vasilopoulos, E and Papakonstantinou, D and Chatzistefanou, K and Moschos, MM}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ophthalmologists Residents Well-being and Training Programs: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {In vivo (Athens, Greece)}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {621-633}, pmid = {40010966}, issn = {1791-7549}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Internship and Residency ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Ophthalmologists/psychology/education ; *Ophthalmology/education ; Mental Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted residents' well-being and training programs, with potentially severe consequences for specialties like ophthalmology, where residents were often reassigned to non-specialty-related units and tasks. This study aimed to systematically review the pandemic's effects on ophthalmology residents' well-being and training.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was carried out using MEDLINE, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. After removing duplicates, 173 unique records were identified, and 30 were considered as potentially relevant. Of these, 13 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were further analyzed.<br><br>RESULTS: The reviewed studies revealed a notable decline in both theoretical and practical aspects of residency training during the pandemic. These impacts were supported by both objective data (e.g., the number of surgeries carried out during the training), and residents' self-reported experiences. The pandemic also had a negative impact on residents' mental health, as evidenced by comparative analyses of data collected prior and during the pandemic. The studies highlighted a correlation between the severity of training disruptions and the negative effects on mental health.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Education programs should be implemented to cover the knowledge gap of those who were residents during the pandemic. Additionally, targeted mental health support initiatives are recommended to mitigate the long-term impacts on residents' psychological well-being.}, }
@article {pmid40009754, year = {2025}, author = {Chew, QH and Sim, KS and Shi, YE and Sim, K}, title = {Urbanicity and anxiety disorders: current evidence and quo vadis?.}, journal = {Current opinion in psychiatry}, volume = {38}, number = {3}, pages = {217-226}, doi = {10.1097/YCO.0000000000000995}, pmid = {40009754}, issn = {1473-6578}, mesh = {Humans ; *Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology/psychology ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Urbanization ; *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/psychology ; *Urban Population/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There are few studies investigating the effects of urbanization on various anxiety-related conditions in specific population subgroups. This review aims to examine the effects of urbanization through the lens of population subgroups as well as anxiety disorder subtypes.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: There was more consistent evidence suggesting that those of a younger age group and from disadvantaged backgrounds (such as lower socioeconomic status, refugee status) may be more vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). When we examined the relationship between urbanization and anxiety disorder subtype, the results were largely mixed, with some evidence for the positive association between urbanization and PTSD. Many of the recent studies had been conducted in the context of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.<br><br>SUMMARY: The association between urbanicity and anxiety-related disorders in the various subgroups can be influenced by socio-demographic factors. Interventions and policies that aim to ameliorate the effects of urbanicity would need to identify vulnerable individuals early based on social or environmental factors. Given that the short and long-term psychological sequelae of the recent COVID-19 pandemic are still being evaluated, the inter-relationships between urbanization, external factors and specific anxiety disorders await further delineation.}, }
@article {pmid40009750, year = {2025}, author = {Liu, X and Gui, Z and Chen, ZM and Feng, Y and Wu, XD and Su, Z and Cheung, T and Ungvari, GS and Liu, XC and Yan, YR and Ng, CH and Xiang, YT}, title = {Global prevalence of internet addiction among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Current opinion in psychiatry}, volume = {38}, number = {3}, pages = {182-199}, doi = {10.1097/YCO.0000000000000994}, pmid = {40009750}, issn = {1473-6578}, mesh = {Humans ; *Internet Addiction Disorder/epidemiology ; *Students/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Universities/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Prevalence ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Male ; Global Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Female ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The prevalence of internet addiction among university students has been extensively studied worldwide, however, the findings have been mixed. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the global prevalence of internet addiction in university students and identify its potential moderators.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: A total of 101 eligible studies, comprising 128020 participants across 38 countries and territories, were included. The pooled global prevalence of internet addiction among university students was 41.84% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 35.89-48.02]. Significant differences in the prevalence were observed across different income levels, regions, periods of COVID-19 pandemic, and cut-off values of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Sample size was negatively associated with internet addiction prevalence, while depression prevalence was positively associated with internet addiction prevalence. Male students had a significantly higher risk of internet addiction compared to female students [pooled odd ratio (OR): 1.32, 95% CI: 1.19-1.46].<br><br>SUMMARY: This meta-analysis found that the prevalence of internet addiction was high among university students, which has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Screening and intervention measures to address internet addiction should prioritize students with an increased risk including male students, those from lower-income regions and those with depression.}, }
@article {pmid40009439, year = {2025}, author = {Chen, YT and Lehman, M and Van Denend, T and Kish, J and Wu, Y and Preissner, K and Plow, M and Packer, TL}, title = {Features of Structured, One-to-One Videoconference Interventions That Actively Engage People in the Management of Their Chronic Conditions: Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e58543}, pmid = {40009439}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {Humans ; Chronic Disease/therapy ; *Videoconferencing ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Telemedicine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Self Care ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: A dramatic increase in the use of videoconferencing occurred as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including delivery of chronic disease management programs. With this increase, clients' openness to and confidence in receiving any type of telehealth care has dramatically improved. However, the rapidity of the response was accomplished with little time to learn from existing knowledge and research.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this scoping review was to identify features, barriers, and facilitators of synchronous videoconference interventions that actively engage clients in the management of chronic conditions.<br><br>METHODS: Using scoping review methodology, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and 6 other databases were searched from 2003 onward. The included studies reported on structured, one-on-one, synchronous videoconferencing interventions that actively engaged adults in the management of their chronic conditions at home. Studies reporting assessment or routine care were excluded. Extracted text data were analyzed using thematic analysis and published taxonomies.<br><br>RESULTS: The 33 included articles reported on 25 distinct programs. Most programs targeted people with neurological conditions (10/25, 40%) or cancer (7/25, 28%). Analysis using the Taxonomy of Every Day Self-Management Strategies and the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy version 1 identified common program content and behavior change strategies. However, distinct differences were evident based on whether program objectives were to improve physical activity or function (7/25, 28%) or mental health (7/25, 28%). Incorporating healthy behaviors was addressed in all programs designed to improve physical activity or function, whereas only 14% (1/7) of the programs targeting mental health covered content about healthy lifestyles. Managing emotional distress and social interaction were commonly discussed in programs with objectives of improving mental health (6/25, 24% and 4/25, 16%, respectively) but not in programs aiming at physical function (2/25, 8% and 0%, respectively). In total, 13 types of behavior change strategies were identified in the 25 programs. The top 3 types of strategies applied in programs intent on improving physical activity or function were feedback and monitoring, goals and planning, and social support, in contrast to shaping knowledge, regulation, and identity in programs with the goal of improving mental health. The findings suggest that chronic condition interventions continue to neglect evidence that exercise and strong relationships improve both physical and mental health. Videoconference interventions were seen as feasible and acceptable to clients. Challenges were mostly technology related: clients' comfort, technology literacy, access to hardware and the internet, and technical breakdowns and issues. Only 15% (5/33) of the studies explicitly described compliance with health information or privacy protection regulations.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Videoconferencing is a feasible and acceptable delivery format to engage clients in managing their conditions at home. Future program development could reduce siloed approaches by adding less used content and behavior change strategies. Addressing client privacy and technology issues should be priorities.}, }
@article {pmid40008826, year = {2025}, author = {Li, J and Zhou, L and Hao, Y and Xing, C}, title = {Nanophotonic biosensors for COVID-19 detection: advances in mechanisms, methods, and design.}, journal = {Nanoscale}, volume = {17}, number = {13}, pages = {7600-7616}, doi = {10.1039/d4nr04423a}, pmid = {40008826}, issn = {2040-3372}, mesh = {*Biosensing Techniques/methods/instrumentation ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/virology ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; }, abstract = {The growing societal impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has underscored the urgent need for innovative strategies to address the ongoing challenges posed by the pandemic. While rapid therapeutic interventions remain critical for short-term mitigation, equally vital is the development of accessible and efficient diagnostic tools to curb viral transmission. In this context, optical sensing technologies have emerged as foundational tools for detection and diagnosis, owing to their rapid response, user-friendliness, and adaptability. These attributes strengthen their indispensable role in identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. This review systematically outlines the structural components of SARS-CoV-2 virions and their respective biological functions, classifies optical biosensors according to their underlying principles and evaluates the advantages and limitations of each methodology in real-world diagnostic applications. By addressing current detection challenges, these optical platforms not only enhance our capacity to manage SARS-CoV-2 but also establish a framework for deploying optical sensing technologies in future pandemic scenarios.}, }
@article {pmid40008658, year = {2025}, author = {Segado Fernández, S and Jiménez Gómez, B and Jiménez Hidalgo, P and Lozano-Estevan, MDC and Herrera Peco, I}, title = {Disinformation about diet and nutrition on social networks: a review of the literature.}, journal = {Nutricion hospitalaria}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {366-375}, doi = {10.20960/nh.05533}, pmid = {40008658}, issn = {1699-5198}, mesh = {Humans ; *Diet ; *Social Networking ; Social Media ; *Disinformation ; COVID-19 ; Communication ; }, abstract = {Background: social networks have become indispensable for global communication, offering unparalleled access to information. However, the lack of content regulation has allowed health and nutrition misinformation to thrive, posing significant public health risks. Objectives: this study aimed to identify the social networks most frequently used for spreading nutrition-related misinformation and evaluate the primary topics, including diseases and dietary claims, featured in these messages. Methods: a systematic review of the literature was conducted, analyzing studies focused on nutrition-related misinformation across platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. Data collection adhered to PRISMA guidelines, and findings were synthesized narratively to address the study objectives. Results: this study analyzed 28 documents focusing on nutrition-related misinformation on social networks. Instagram (50 %) and YouTube (39.28 %) were identified as the most prevalent platforms for spreading such content, followed by TikTok (5.13 %) and Twitter (10.72 %). Over 62 % of the reviewed studies addressed misinformation linked to miracle diets, often associated with orthorexia (14.28 %) and COVID-19 (14.28 %). These diets frequently included unverified claims of rapid health improvements. Notably, credible nutrition content was predominantly shared by healthcare professionals and academic organizations, highlighting their key role in fight against misinformation. Conclusions: misinformation about nutrition on social networks is a growing public health concern. Public health institutions must implement strategies to improve digital literacy and provide tools for assessing information credibility. Healthcare professionals should leverage social media to disseminate evidence-based knowledge, counteracting the influence of unreliable sources. Collaborative efforts are essential to ensure social networks serve as platforms for reliable health promotion and education.}, }
@article {pmid40008623, year = {2025}, author = {de Bruin, O and Phijffer, EW and Ahmadizar, F and Van der Maas, NA and Wildenbeest, JG and Sturkenboom, MC and Bont, LJ and Durán, CE and Bloemenkamp, KW}, title = {Efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnancy to prevent COVID-19 in mothers and early infancy.}, journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {CD015785}, pmid = {40008623}, issn = {1469-493X}, mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Female ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention &amp; control ; Infant ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Infant, Newborn ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy, versus placebo or no vaccination during pregnancy, for preventing COVID-19 disease in mothers and infants.}, }
@article {pmid40008606, year = {2025}, author = {Quilty, E and Flynn, A}, title = {Technology-Facilitated Violence in the Indo-Pacific: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Trauma, violence &amp; abuse}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {15248380251323217}, doi = {10.1177/15248380251323217}, pmid = {40008606}, issn = {1552-8324}, abstract = {Technology-facilitated violence (TFV) refers to a range of malicious behaviors facilitated in part or in whole through information and communication technologies, or digital media, to commit both online and face-to-face harms. Behaviors can include online harassment, stalking and monitoring behaviors, psychological and emotional abuse, sexual violence, and image-based sexual abuse (non-consensually creating, sharing, or threatening to share sexualized imagery). TFV is a growing problem globally, including in the Indo-Pacific region, where there has been an increase in digital technology use overall. This scoping review identified studies on TFV in the Indo-Pacific, examining regional trends and prevalence, impacts, perpetrator tactics, characteristics of victimization and perpetration, and available programs responding to TFV. To identify peer-reviewed literature, three databases were searched: Monash University Library, EBSCO, and ProQuest. Criteria for inclusion included peer-reviewed empirical studies published in English between January 1, 2019 and July 30, 2024 (immediately pre and post the COVID-19 pandemic) which focused on TFV among adults (aged 18+ years) in the Indo-Pacific. We identified 57 studies that explored TFV, with wide-ranging impacts, but there were clear gaps in research, particularly in non-Western settings. This review presents key findings on the trends, impacts, and characteristics of TFV in the Indo-Pacific and discusses implications for policy and programs, as well as suggestions for future research.}, }
@article {pmid40008381, year = {2025}, author = {Natsukari, I and Ozaki, N}, title = {Patients' and providers' evaluations of telepsychiatry and future directions: A literature review of mixed research methods.}, journal = {PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {e70072}, pmid = {40008381}, issn = {2769-2558}, abstract = {Regarding the use of telemedicine after the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been little consideration of the patient's perspective. In this review, we aimed to examine the future direction of telemedicine by reviewing the literature that evaluated telemedicine from a patient-centered perspective and providers' perspective using a mixed research method. A search of studies containing keywords related to "telemedicine," "patient satisfaction," and "patient perspective" was conducted using MEDLINE from January 2014 to August 2024. The study was conducted using a mixed research method. Eleven articles were extracted, including studies that used combined evaluation by healthcare providers. The method of integration of quantitative and qualitative studies included eight convergent designs and three explanatory sequential designs. In quantitative surveys, patients' evaluations of telepsychiatry were generally favorable, with the main advantages being convenience and access. In qualitative surveys, heterogeneity in results was observed depending on patients' conditions and social factors, such as the presence of chronic diseases and stigma, while difficulties in symptom assessment were cited by healthcare providers. The continuation of telepsychiatry after a pandemic requires collecting detailed opinions of patients using mixed research methods, qualitative surveys, and evaluation and improvement through controlled studies and studies using large, diverse samples.}, }
@article {pmid40008234, year = {2024}, author = {van der Mescht, MA and Steel, HC and Anderson, R and Rossouw, TM}, title = {Vascular endothelial growth factor A: friend or foe in the pathogenesis of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infections?.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {1458195}, pmid = {40008234}, issn = {2235-2988}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism/virology/pathology ; *HIV Infections/metabolism/virology/pathology ; *Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Neuropilin-1/metabolism ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; }, abstract = {This review article discusses the role of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infection, both conditions being renowned for their impact on the vascular endothelium. The processes involved in vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis are reviewed briefly before exploring the interplay between hypoxia, VEGF-A, neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), and inflammatory pathways. We then focus on SARS-CoV-2 infection and show how the binding of the viral pathogen to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, as well as to NRP-1, leads to elevated levels of VEGF-A and consequences such as coagulation, vascular dysfunction, and inflammation. HIV infection augments angiogenesis via several mechanisms, most prominently, by the trans-activator of transcription (tat) protein mimicking VEGF-A by binding to its receptor, VEGFR-2, as well as upregulation of NRP-1, which enhances the interaction between VEGF-A and VEGFR-2. We propose that the elevated levels of VEGF-A observed during HIV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection originate predominantly from activated immune cells due to the upregulation of HIF-1α by damaged endothelial cells. In this context, a few clinical trials have described a diminished requirement for oxygen therapy during anti-VEGF treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The currently available anti-VEGF therapy strategies target the binding of VEGF-A to both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. The blocking of both receptors could, however, lead to a negative outcome, inhibiting not only pathological, but also physiological angiogenesis. Based on the examination of published studies, this review suggests that treatment targeting selective inhibition of VEGFR-1 may be beneficial in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid40008119, year = {2025}, author = {Ng, DKW and Liang, JZ and Wong, RSM and Raveendran, V and Phua, GLG and Fong, W and Lim, C and Zhou, JX and Krishna, LKR}, title = {Enhancing Professionalism Online (Netiquette) in Medical Schools: A Systematic Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of medical education and curricular development}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {23821205241255268}, pmid = {40008119}, issn = {2382-1205}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relaxing of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions has not seen the return to previous in-person teaching formats. As blended training continues to be used, there is emphasis on the need to better appreciate the expectations, etiquette, and professional code of conduct ("netiquette") surrounding online learning, especially in light of evidence that poor online professionalism compromises learning and clinical practice.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This review seeks to map regnant netiquette guidelines in medical schools that will inform and provide preliminary recommendations for a clinically relevant framework.<br><br>DESIGN: This study is a systematic scoping review (SSR).<br><br>METHODS: Krishna's Systematic Evidence-Based Approach (SEBA)'s Constructivist ontological and Relativist epistemological lens was used to guide this SSR. The SEBA process involves 6 stages, including the Systematic Approach, Split Approach, Jigsaw Perspective, Funneling, Analysis of evidence-based and non-data-driven literature, and Synthesis of the SSR in SEBA.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 7941 abstracts were reviewed, 198 full text articles were evaluated, and 83 articles were included. The analysis of the results revealed 4 key domains: (1) current guidelines, (2) manifestations, (3) contributing factors, and (4) implications. This SSR in SEBA highlights variability and gaps in current guidelines and reveals the impact of sociocultural factors on breaches in netiquette. Unsurprisingly, contextual and clinical considerations shape the contributory factors impacting lapses in netiquette and their implications.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Based on the data accrued, this article proposes basic guidelines on netiquette and measures to support their effective employment. This includes curricular adaptations, methods of teaching and enhancing engagement with the students and faculty training. Drawing on prevailing studies, it also recommends methods of assessing netiquette, online professionalism, and the learning environment. Suggestions are also made for future areas of study.}, }
@article {pmid40007819, year = {2024}, author = {Aliev, TI and Yudkin, DV}, title = {AAV-based vectors for human diseases modeling in laboratory animals.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1499605}, pmid = {40007819}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {The development of therapeutic drugs and vaccines requires the availability of appropriate model animals that replicate the pathogenesis of human diseases. Both native and transgenic animals can be utilized as models. The advantage of transgenic animals lies in their ability to simulate specific properties desired by researchers. However, there is often a need for the rapid production of transgenic animal models, especially in situations like a pandemic, as was evident during COVID-19. An important tool for transgenesis is the adeno-associated virus. The genome of adeno-associated virus serves as a convenient expression cassette for delivering various DNA constructs into cells, and this method has proven effective in practice. This review analyzes the features of the adeno-associated virus genome that make it an advantageous vector for transgenesis. Additionally, examples of utilizing adeno-associated viral vectors to create animal models for hereditary, oncological, and viral human diseases are provided.}, }
@article {pmid40007026, year = {2025}, author = {Srivastava, R and Jaiswal, N and Kharkwal, H and Dubey, NK and Srivastava, R}, title = {Phytomedical Properties of Carica papaya for Boosting Human Immunity Against Viral Infections.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40007026}, issn = {1999-4915}, mesh = {*Carica/chemistry ; Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology/therapeutic use/chemistry ; *Virus Diseases/drug therapy/immunology ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Phytochemicals/pharmacology ; COVID-19/immunology ; }, abstract = {Carica papaya, a tropical fruit-bearing plant, has attracted significant attention for its diverse phytomedical properties and its ability to regulate both innate and adaptive immunity, making it a promising natural therapeutic agent. C. papaya is rich in bioactive compounds that play a multifaceted role in immunomodulation. These bioactive constituents have demonstrated efficacy not only against the dengue virus but also against other viral infections, including COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Zika virus, and others. The antiviral effects of C. papaya are achieved through its ability to enhance host immunity, mitigate inflammation, reduce oxidative stress, inhibit viral replication, and modulate immune responses. These mechanisms highlight its potential as a candidate for antiviral therapies, paving the way for further exploration of its pharmacological applications and promoting eco-friendly, accessible healthcare solutions for combating viral diseases. This review highlights the antiviral potential of C. papaya extracts in inhibiting viral replication and modulating immune responses, emphasizing the need for further studies and clinical trials to validate their efficacy against other medically significant viruses causing human diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40007010, year = {2025}, author = {Heffner, AL and Rouault, TA}, title = {A Comparison of Conserved Features in the Human Coronavirus Family Shows That Studies of Viruses Less Pathogenic than SARS-CoV-2, Such as HCoV-OC43, Are Good Model Systems for Elucidating Basic Mechanisms of Infection and Replication in Standard Laboratories.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40007010}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {ZIA HD008814/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; COVID-19/virology ; Animals ; *Virus Replication ; *Coronavirus OC43, Human/pathogenicity/physiology ; *Coronavirus/pathogenicity/physiology ; Pandemics ; *Coronavirus Infections/virology ; }, abstract = {In 2021, at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, coronavirus research spiked, with over 83,000 original research articles related to the word "coronavirus" added to the online resource PubMed. Just 2 years later, in 2023, only 30,900 original research articles related to the word "coronavirus" were added. While, irrefutably, the funding of coronavirus research drastically decreased, a possible explanation for the decrease in interest in coronavirus research is that projects on SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, halted due to the challenge of establishing a good cellular or animal model system. Most laboratories do not have the capabilities to culture SARS-CoV-2 'in house' as this requires a Biosafety Level (BSL) 3 laboratory. Until recently, BSL 2 laboratory research on endemic coronaviruses was arduous due to the low cytopathic effect in isolated cell culture infection models and the lack of means to quantify viral loads. The purpose of this review article is to compare the human coronaviruses and provide an assessment of the latest techniques that use the endemic coronaviruses-HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1-as lower-biosafety-risk models for the more pathogenic coronaviruses-SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV.}, }
@article {pmid40006952, year = {2025}, author = {Rouzine, IM}, title = {Evolutionary Mechanisms of the Emergence of the Variants of Concern of SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40006952}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {24-24-00529//Russian Science Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/pathogenicity ; Humans ; *COVID-19/transmission/virology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Virulence ; Models, Theoretical ; Mutation ; }, abstract = {The evolutionary origin of the variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2, characterized by a large number of new substitutions and strong changes in virulence and transmission rate, is intensely debated. The leading explanation in the literature is a chronic infection in immunocompromised individuals, where the virus evolves before returning into the main population. The present article reviews less-investigated hypotheses of VOC emergence with transmission between acutely infected hosts, with a focus on the mathematical models of stochastic evolution that have proved to be useful for other viruses, such as HIV and influenza virus. The central message is that understanding the acting factors of VOC evolution requires the framework of stochastic multi-locus evolution models, and that alternative hypotheses can be effectively verified by fitting results of computer simulation to empirical data.}, }
@article {pmid40006926, year = {2025}, author = {Xu, N and Shen, Y and Huang, W and Nie, J}, title = {The Current Status in Terms of Vaccination for Individuals Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40006926}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {82172244//General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021YFC2302500//the National Key R and D Program of China/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *HIV Infections/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; *Vaccination/methods ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology ; AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; }, abstract = {Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals have an increased risk of various infections due to their impaired host immune system, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality rates. These patients severely suffered during the COVID-19 epidemic, the influenza epidemic and the spread of monkeypox. Reducing serious infections is one of the most important measures to improve HIV-infected individuals' quality and length of life. Based on the preparation processes and their antigenic properties, vaccines are divided into several types, including inactivated vaccines, attenuated live vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, toxoid vaccines, polysaccharide vaccines, polysaccharide (protein) combined vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, viral vector vaccines, etc. With the innovation of vaccine preparation technology in recent years and the acceleration of vaccine approval and market launch, more and more vaccine products suitable for HIV-infected individuals have become available. Because of their deficient immune systems, the type of vaccines and the schedule of vaccinations available to individuals living with HIV are sometimes different from those with healthy immune systems. This article reviewed the current status of vaccination in and shed light on the vaccination strategies for HIV-infected persons in terms of their safety and effectiveness.}, }
@article {pmid40006906, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, X and Lim, K and Qiu, Y and Hazawa, M and Wong, RW}, title = {Strategies for the Viral Exploitation of Nuclear Pore Transport Pathways.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40006906}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {22H05537, 22H02209, 23H04278, 24H01276, 24K18449,//JSPS/ ; JPMJCR22E3//JST CREST/ ; }, mesh = {*Nuclear Pore/metabolism/virology ; *Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Humans ; Virus Replication ; *Viruses/metabolism ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism/virology ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/metabolism ; *Virus Physiological Phenomena ; *Virus Diseases/virology/metabolism ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; }, abstract = {Viruses frequently exploit the host's nucleocytoplasmic trafficking machinery to facilitate their replication and evade immune defenses. By encoding specialized proteins and other components, they strategically target host nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) and nucleoporins within the spiderweb-like inner channel of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), enabling efficient access to the host nucleus. This review explores the intricate mechanisms governing the nuclear import and export of viral components, with a focus on the interplay between viral factors and host determinants that are essential for these processes. Given the pivotal role of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in the viral life cycle, we also examine therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting the host's nuclear transport pathways. This includes evaluating the efficacy of pharmacological inhibitors in impairing viral replication and assessing their potential as antiviral treatments. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for continued research to develop targeted therapies that leverage vulnerabilities in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Emerging high-resolution techniques, such as advanced imaging and computational modeling, are transforming our understanding of the dynamic interactions between viruses and the NPC. These cutting-edge tools are driving progress in identifying novel therapeutic opportunities and uncovering deeper insights into viral pathogenesis. This review highlights the importance of these advancements in paving the way for innovative antiviral strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40006749, year = {2025}, author = {Bianchi, FP and Giotta, M and Martinelli, A and Giurgola, MG and Del Matto, G and Mastrovito, E and Fedele, MT and Manca, G and Minniti, S and De Nuccio, M and Gigantelli, V and Tafuri, S and Termite, S}, title = {Assessing the Vulnerability of Splenectomized Patients to Severe COVID-19 Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40006749}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Splenectomized/asplenic individuals are at a heightened risk for severe infections due to compromised immune function. However, the impact of splenectomy/asplenia on COVID-19 outcomes remains underexplored. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the association between splenectomy/asplenia and severe COVID-19 outcomes.<br><br>METHODS: Following the PRISMA guidelines, databases including Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Web of Knowledge were searched for relevant articles published between January 2020 and June 2024. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for severe COVID-19 outcomes, with a random-effects model being used to account for heterogeneity. Out of 749 identified studies, 4 met the inclusion criteria.<br><br>RESULTS: The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between splenectomy/asplenia and overall severe COVID-19 outcomes (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.06-3.47). Specifically, splenectomy/asplenia was significantly associated with increased COVID-19-related hospitalization (OR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.21-3.49), while the association with COVID-19-related death was not statistically significant (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 0.78-2.99). COVID-19 vaccination is strongly recommended for these patients.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Splenectomy/asplenia significantly increases the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, particularly hospitalization. The findings underscore the need for vigilant clinical management and targeted interventions for this vulnerable population. Further research is warranted to fully understand the risks and to develop effective guidelines for the protection of splenectomized individuals against COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40006737, year = {2025}, author = {Vo, DK and Trinh, KTL}, title = {Molecular Farming for Immunization: Current Advances and Future Prospects in Plant-Produced Vaccines.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40006737}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Using plants as bioreactors, molecular farming has emerged as a versatile and sustainable platform for producing recombinant vaccines, therapeutic proteins, industrial enzymes, and nutraceuticals. This innovative approach leverages the unique advantages of plants, including scalability, cost-effectiveness, and reduced risk of contamination with human pathogens. Recent advancements in gene editing, transient expression systems, and nanoparticle-based delivery technologies have significantly enhanced the efficiency and versatility of plant-based systems. Particularly in vaccine development, molecular farming has demonstrated its potential with notable successes such as Medicago's Covifenz for COVID-19, illustrating the capacity of plant-based platforms to address global health emergencies rapidly. Furthermore, edible vaccines have opened new avenues in the delivery of vaccines, mainly in settings with low resources where the cold chain used for conventional logistics is a challenge. However, optimization of protein yield and stability, the complexity of purification processes, and regulatory hurdles are some of the challenges that still remain. This review discusses the current status of vaccine development using plant-based expression systems, operational mechanisms for plant expression platforms, major applications in the prevention of infectious diseases, and new developments, such as nanoparticle-mediated delivery and cancer vaccines. The discussion will also touch on ethical considerations, the regulatory framework, and future trends with respect to the transformative capacity of plant-derived vaccines in ensuring greater global accessibility and cost-effectiveness of the vaccination. This field holds great promise for the infectious disease area and, indeed, for applications in personalized medicine and biopharmaceuticals in the near future.}, }
@article {pmid40006712, year = {2025}, author = {Findlow, J and Htar, MTT and Villena, R and Balmer, P}, title = {Invasive Meningococcal Disease in the Post-COVID World: Patterns of Disease Rebound.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40006712}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {N/A//Pfizer Inc/ ; }, abstract = {Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a global health threat with an unpredictable epidemiology that varies regionally and over time. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Consortium reported widespread reductions in bacterial diseases transmitted via the respiratory route, including IMD, that were associated with the stringency of COVID-19 measures implemented in each country. Here, we report the epidemiology of IMD from the United States, England, France, Australia, and Chile during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a consistent trend in which IMD incidence declined throughout 2020 and into 2021 but began to increase in 2021 (England and Chile) or 2022 (United States, France, and Australia). Case numbers of IMD in France and the United States surpassed pre-pandemic levels by December 2022 and 2023, respectively, whereas in other countries examined, overall cases in 2021/2022 or 2023 approached but did not exceed pre-pandemic levels. Except for the United States, meningococcal serogroup B was the prominent serogroup of post-pandemic re-emergence, although substantial increases in serogroup Y and W disease in France in 2022 and serogroup W disease in Chile in 2023 were also observed. In the United States, where meningococcal vaccination coverage did not decline during the pandemic, the rebound in cases was predominantly due to serogroups C, Y, and nongroupable serogroups. The data indicate that surveillance of IMD cases, associated serogroups, and vaccination uptake is essential for monitoring the effectiveness of disease prevention strategies and guiding future public health policy.}, }
@article {pmid40006695, year = {2025}, author = {Boomgarden, AC and Upadhyay, C}, title = {Progress and Challenges in HIV-1 Vaccine Research: A Comprehensive Overview.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40006695}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {R01 AI179427/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; 1R01AI179427-01A1/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {The development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine remains a formidable challenge in biomedical research. Despite significant advancements in our understanding of HIV biology and pathogenesis, progress has been impeded by factors such as the virus's genetic diversity, high mutation rates, and its ability to establish latent reservoirs. Recent innovative approaches, including mosaic vaccines and mRNA technology to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies, have shown promise. However, the efficacy of these vaccines has been modest, with the best results achieving approximately 30% effectiveness. Ongoing research emphasizes the necessity of a multifaceted strategy to overcome these obstacles and achieve a breakthrough in HIV-1 vaccine development. This review summarizes current approaches utilized to further understand HIV-1 biology and to create a global vaccine. We discuss the impact of these approaches on vaccine development for other diseases, including COVID-19, influenza, and Zika virus. Additionally, we highlight the specific limitations faced with each approach and present the methods researchers employ to overcome these challenges. These innovative techniques, which have demonstrated preclinical and clinical success, have advanced the field closer to the ultimate goal of developing a global HIV-1 vaccine. Leveraging these advancements will enable significant strides in combating HIV-1 and other infectious diseases, ultimately improving global health outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40006681, year = {2025}, author = {Tang, X and Zhang, W and Zhang, Z}, title = {Developing T Cell Epitope-Based Vaccines Against Infection: Challenging but Worthwhile.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40006681}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {T cell epitope-based vaccines are designed to elicit long-lived pathogen-specific memory T cells that can quickly activate protective effector functions in response to subsequent infections. These vaccines have the potential to provide sustained protection against mutated variants, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which are increasingly capable of evading neutralizing antibodies. Recent advancements in epitope discovery, T cell receptor analysis, and bioinformatics have enabled the precise selection of epitopes and the sophisticated design of epitope-based vaccines. This review outlines the development process for T cell epitope-based vaccines. We summarize the current progress in T cell epitope discovery technologies, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We also examine advancements in the design and optimization of epitope-based vaccines, particularly through bioinformatics tools. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of validating the accurate processing and presentation of individual epitopes and establishing suitable rodent models to evaluate vaccine immunogenicity and protective efficacy.}, }
@article {pmid40005997, year = {2025}, author = {Li, Z and Yao, L and Liu, Z and Wang, L and Ruan, H and Shen, Y and Zhang, P and Li, K and Wang, H and Fan, L and Tu, L and Feng, J}, title = {Andrographolide Sulfonates and Xiyanping: A Review of Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Activities, Clinical Applications, and Adverse Reactions.}, journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40005997}, issn = {1424-8247}, support = {20242BAB23090//the natural science foundation of Jiangxi province/ ; 82374044//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {Andrographis paniculata is a plant of the Acanthaceae family and its primary bioactive constituent, andrographolide, exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities and notable clinical efficacy. However, its poor solubility and limited bioavailability pose significant challenges for therapeutic applications. To overcome these limitations, researchers have synthesized andrographolide sulfonates by reacting andrographolide with ethanol and sulfuric acid. This sulfonated derivative significantly enhances water solubility and bioavailability while retaining key pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. As a representative formulation, Xiyanping injection has been widely employed in the treatment of respiratory infections, pneumonia, and related conditions, playing a critical role during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its widespread application, there has yet to be a comprehensive review of its chemical composition and pharmacological mechanisms. Additionally, the safety of Xiyanping injection remains a topic of some debate. This review systematically examines the chemical composition, pharmacological activities, clinical applications, and adverse reactions of andrographolide sulfonates and their formulation in Xiyanping injection to provide a scientific basis for further research and applications, while also offering valuable insights for the development of similar sulfonated drugs.}, }
@article {pmid40005694, year = {2025}, author = {Bandinelli, F and Di Carlo, M and Colantuono, VA and Nozzoli, F and Salaffi, F and Chiocchetti, B and Nucci, E and Mastricci, A and Gherardi, E and Manetti, M}, title = {Post-COVID-19 Small Fiber Neuropathy as a New Emerging Quality of Life-Threatening Disease: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40005694}, issn = {2076-2607}, abstract = {Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) syndrome is considered an emergent and diffuse multidisciplinary problem. Compelling evidence suggests that COVID-19 increases symptoms of pre-existent small fiber neuropathy (SFN) and might trigger de novo onset of SFN. In this systematic review, for the first time, we provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical and diagnostic features of PASC-SFN, including the accompanying disorders, disease evolution, and possible treatments, described in the recent literature. Following infection, many patients reported a wide range of symptoms and complications, not self-limiting and independent from previous infection severity. SFN begins more frequently with distal limb burning pain and numbness, which accompany other dysautonomia, cognitive, visual, and osteoarticular disorders involving multiple organ systems. In an initial diagnostic suspicion, some tests might be useful as complementary examinations, such as nerve quantitative sensory testing, electromyography, and optic nerve tomography. Otherwise, definite diagnosis is reached with skin biopsy as the gold standard, along with corneal in vivo microscopy when ocular discomfort is present. Being a long-term condition, multiple and dissimilar symptomatic and disease-modifying drugs were employed for the treatment of this condition with the achievement of partial results, including steroids, pregabalin, gabapentin, duloxetine, vitamins, homotaurine and phosphatidylserine, alpha lipoic acid, immunosuppressants, and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. PASC-SFN is a complex emerging disease and extremely challenging for physicians. At present, the only feasible management of PASC-SFN is represented by a multidisciplinary tailored approach, with future definitive protocols for diagnosis and treatment deemed essential.}, }
@article {pmid40005651, year = {2025}, author = {Sacco, MA and Gualtieri, S and Princi, A and Verrina, MC and Carbone, A and Tarda, L and Ranno, F and Gratteri, S and Aquila, I}, title = {Investigating the Post-Mortem Risk of Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Cadaveric Tissues: A Systematic Review of the Literature.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40005651}, issn = {2076-2607}, abstract = {The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has prompted extensive research into its transmission dynamics; yet, a critical aspect that remains underexplored is the post-mortem infectivity of the virus within cadaveric tissues. Understanding the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 maintains infectivity after death is essential, as it raises significant concerns regarding public health and forensic practices. Research indicates that the virus can persist in various tissues, including lung, liver, and kidney tissues, with studies showing that factors such as the time elapsed since death, the presence of underlying health conditions, and environmental conditions at the time of death can influence the level of infectivity in deceased individuals. These findings are not only crucial for establishing safety protocols for forensic investigators who handle cadavers but also for informing public health guidelines that govern the management of bodies during and after outbreaks. As we investigate the implications of post-mortem SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, it becomes imperative to establish comprehensive protocols to mitigate risks associated with the handling and disposal of infected bodies, thereby protecting public health and ensuring the safety of those working in forensic environments. This paper aims to elucidate the mechanisms of infectivity in cadaveric tissues, explore the persistence of the virus in various tissue types, and assess the broader implications for public health and forensic investigations, ultimately contributing to a safer approach in dealing with COVID-19-related fatalities.}, }
@article {pmid40005506, year = {2025}, author = {Saha, A and Ganguly, A and Kumar, A and Srivastava, N and Pathak, R}, title = {Harnessing Epigenetics: Innovative Approaches in Diagnosing and Combating Viral Acute Respiratory Infections.}, journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40005506}, issn = {2076-0817}, mesh = {Humans ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/genetics/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; DNA Methylation ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/virology/genetics/therapy/immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; *Virus Diseases/diagnosis/genetics ; }, abstract = {Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) caused by viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), pose significant global health challenges, particularly for the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Substantial evidence indicates that acute viral infections can manipulate the host's epigenome through mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modifications as part of the immune response. These epigenetic alterations can persist beyond the acute phase, influencing long-term immunity and susceptibility to subsequent infections. Post-infection modulation of the host epigenome may help distinguish infected from uninfected individuals and predict disease severity. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive strategies for viral ARIs. This review highlights the critical role of epigenetic modifications following viral ARIs in regulating the host's innate immune defense mechanisms. We discuss the implications of these modifications for diagnosing, preventing, and treating viral infections, contributing to the advancement of precision medicine. Recent studies have identified specific epigenetic changes, such as hypermethylation of interferon-stimulated genes in severe COVID-19 cases, which could serve as biomarkers for early detection and disease progression. Additionally, epigenetic therapies, including inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases, show promise in modulating the immune response and improving patient outcomes. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the epigenetic landscape of viral ARIs, extending beyond traditional genetic perspectives. These insights are essential for advancing diagnostic techniques and developing innovative treatments to address the growing threat of emerging viruses causing ARIs globally.}, }
@article {pmid40005295, year = {2025}, author = {Das, UN}, title = {Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) as a Potential Drug for Diabetic Retinopathy.}, journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)}, volume = {61}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40005295}, issn = {1648-9144}, mesh = {*Lipoxins/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Humans ; *Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy ; COVID-19/complications ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Intravitreal Injections ; }, abstract = {The purpose of this review is to propose that lipoxin A4 (LXA4), derived from arachidonic acid (AA), a potent anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and wound healing agent, may be useful to prevent and manage diabetic retinopathy (DR). LXA4 suppresses inappropriate angiogenesis and the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotrienes (LTs), 12-HETE (12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid), derived from AA by the action of 12-lioxygenase (12-LOX)) interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the expression of NF-κB, inducible NO (nitric oxide) synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-factors that play a role in DR. Thus, the intravitreal injection of LXA4 may form a new approach to the treatment of DR and other similar conditions such as AMD (age-associated macular degeneration) and SARS-CoV-2-associated hyperinflammatory immune response in the retina. The data for this review are derived from our previous work conducted in individuals with DR and from various publications on LXA4, inflammation, and DR.}, }
@article {pmid40005144, year = {2025}, author = {Gao, P and Li, X and Ding, J and Peng, B and Munir, M and Liu, F and Chao, L and Li, C and Wang, L and Ma, J and Zhang, G}, title = {Antiviral and Immune Enhancement Effect of Platycodon grandiflorus in Viral Diseases: A Potential Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drug.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {30}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40005144}, issn = {1420-3049}, support = {32002285//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 25HASTIT038//Program for Innovative Talents (in Science and Technology) in University of Henan Province/ ; 242102110004//Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province/ ; 202001039//First-class Postdoctoral Research Grant in Henan Province/ ; }, mesh = {*Platycodon/chemistry ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use/chemistry ; Animals ; Humans ; *Virus Diseases/drug therapy/immunology ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology/chemistry ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine offers potential therapeutic options for viral infections. Platycodon grandiflorus (PG) is a perennial herb known for its efficacy in treating respiratory infections, including asthma, cough, and bronchitis, making it a key focus in antiviral drug research. The purpose of the study is to provide a basis for functional studies on PG and generate new insights for treating viral diseases.<br><br>METHODS: Research articles from 1990 to 2024 related to PG and viruses were obtained from databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct, and systematically analysed.<br><br>RESULTS: PG demonstrates inhibitory effects on viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by blocking various stages of viral proliferation or activating the host immune system. It also reduces inflammation through NF-&#x3ba;B, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and other signalling pathways, enhancing T cell and macrophage function and increasing host immunity. PG exhibits diverse pharmacological effects with promising clinical applications for antiviral and immune modulation. Given its medicinal significance, PG holds substantial potential for further exploration and development.<br><br>CONCLUSION: PG, due to its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting properties, can be used as an antiviral drug.}, }
@article {pmid40004915, year = {2025}, author = {Maglione, M and Tipo, V and Barbieri, E and Ragucci, R and Ciccarelli, AS and Esposito, C and Carangelo, L and Giannattasio, A}, title = {Changes in Respiratory Viruses' Activity in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40004915}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on health was significant worldwide. The measures adopted to limit the spread of the virus had an indirect effect on the epidemiology of other infectious diseases with similar mechanisms of inter-human transmission. The present literature review analyzed the scenario of pediatric acute respiratory infections in the post-lockdown period compared to the pre-pandemic and lockdown periods. The different patterns of viruses' outbreaks were evaluated according to the type of local COVID-19 restrictive measures and to the type of pathogen. Methods: Relevant scientific literature published between March 2020 and November 2024 was identified by means of electronic keyword searches in the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Results: Worldwide implementation of non-pharmacological public health interventions aimed at limiting the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a measurable effect on the circulation of other common respiratory viruses, significantly affecting their usual seasonality. Most viruses significantly reduced their activity during the lockdown period but returned to or exceeded historical levels after discontinuation of preventive non-pharmacological measures. For many respiratory viruses, particularly respiratory syncytial virus, an off-season increase was reported. Conclusions: The non-pharmacological interventions, which effectively helped limit the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in relevant epidemiologic changes in most common respiratory viruses. Given the different seasonality and clinical severity observed for some pathogens after lockdown, possible future off-season or more severe epidemics should be expected.}, }
@article {pmid40004813, year = {2025}, author = {Meloni, DF and Faré, PB and Milani, GP and Lava, SAG and Bianchetti, MG and Renzi, S and Bertacchi, M and Kottanattu, L and Bronz, G and Camozzi, P}, title = {Hemolytic Anemia Linked to Epstein-Barr Virus Infectious Mononucleosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40004813}, issn = {2077-0383}, support = {ricerca corrente//Italian ministry of health/ ; }, abstract = {Background: In Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis, hemolytic anemia occasionally occurs. Methods: To characterize hemolytic anemia linked to Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis, we performed a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42024597183) in the United States National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica, and Web of Science with no restrictions on language. Only reports published since 1970 were included. Eligible were reports describing hemolytic anemia in subjects with clinical signs and microbiological markers of Epstein-Barr virus mononucleosis. Results: In the literature, we detected 56 reports released between 1973 and 2024, documenting 60 individuals (32 females and 28 males; 27 children and 33 adults) with hemolytic anemia linked to Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis. The mechanism underlying anemia was categorized as cold-antibody-mediated (N = 31; 52%), warm-antibody-mediated (N = 18, 30%), mixed warm- and cold-antibody-mediated (N = 4; 6.7%), or paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (N = 2; 3.3%). The remaining 5 cases (8.3%) remained unclassified. Observation alone was the chosen approach in 23% of cases (N = 14). Steroids (67%; N = 40) and blood transfusions (38%; N = 23) were the most commonly used treatment, while plasma exchange, intravenous polyclonal immunoglobulin, rituximab, and splenectomy were used less frequently. Observation was slightly but significantly (p = 0.032) more common in cases of cold-antibody-mediated anemia compared to all other cases combined. Patients recovered a median of 28 [interquartile range 21-39] days after disease onset. Two patients with warm-antibody-mediated hemolytic anemia died. Conclusions: This literature review points out that Epstein-Barr virus, like Mycoplasma pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, may act as a trigger for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.}, }
@article {pmid40004799, year = {2025}, author = {Aliberti, A and Gasparro, R and Mignogna, M and Canfora, F and Spagnuolo, G and Sammartino, G and Coppola, N}, title = {Unveiling the Oral Lesions, Dysgeusia and Osteonecrosis Related to COVID-19: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40004799}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: The oral cavity has garnered increasing attention as a site for viral infection and related pathological manifestations in coronavirus disease-19. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)-related oral manifestations, including taste disturbances, oral lesions and osteonecrosis. Methods: A search was conducted up to September 2024 according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews) guidelines using the databases PubMed and Scopus. All the observational, case-series, case-report and cross-sectional studies written in English on oral manifestations related to COVID-19 disease and long-COVID disease were included. All other types of studies and studies based on oral manifestation after COVID-19 vaccination and oral impairment due to lockdown were excluded. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Appraisal checklist. Results: A total of 104 articles including 23 case-report, 15 case-series, 8 case-control, 18 cohort and 40 cross-sectional studies were selected. The results showed that patients with COVID-19 were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of xerostomia (45-74%) and dysgeusia (32-59%) compared to non-infected individuals. Regarding oral mucosal lesions, ulcers, candidiasis and herpes simplex infections were frequently observed. As for osteonecrosis, a significant number of patients with COVID-19-associated rhinomaxillary mucormycosis presented with maxillary osteonecrosis due to fungal infection, primarily mucormycosis. The methodological quality of most of the studies was moderate/high. Conclusions: COVID-19 has been associated with a range of oral manifestations. The complex interplay of viral infection, immune response, medication use and stress likely contributes to these oral complications. Early recognition and management of these oral manifestations are crucial for improving patient outcomes and developing targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-related oral health issues.}, }
@article {pmid40004716, year = {2025}, author = {Tzamalis, A and Foti, M and Georgiadou, M and Tsaftaridis, N and Ziakas, N}, title = {COVID-19 Related Retinal Vascular Occlusion: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40004716}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: To provide insight into populations at higher risk of COVID-19-related retinal vascular occlusion, we identified the baseline characteristics of COVID-19 patients and vaccine recipients who developed this condition by conducting a systematic review to summarize the findings and evaluate the current knowledge on this subject. Methods: An electronic search on the PubMed and Scopus databases was performed for relevant case reports or series regarding retinal vascular occlusion in patients with past or present COVID-19 infection or SARS-CoV-2 immunization. This study was conducted using a pre-determined protocol following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: A total of 34 studies were enrolled in this systematic review. A total of 21 patients (14 males, 66.7%) have been diagnosed with COVID-19 related retinal vein occlusion (RVO, mean age = 41.9 ± 10.3 years), and 15 patients (12 males, 80%) have been diagnosed with retinal artery occlusion (RAO, mean age = 56.9 ± 13.2 years). The time to RVO since COVID-19 infection or SARS-CoV-2 immunization ranged from 8 h to 51 days (mean = 12.3 ± 15.7 days), while the time to RAO ranged from 2 to 40 days (mean = 14.9 ± 10.8 days). Fifteen out of the twenty-one patients (71.4%) with RVO had a significant improvement in visual acuity after the resolution of symptoms while eight out of the fifteen patients (53.3%) with RAO did not show improvement. Conclusions: COVID-19 seems to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of vascular occlusion, as it is suggested to increase the risk of thromboembolic episodes. However, the pathophysiologic mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, and further studies are expected to shed light on this phenomenon.}, }
@article {pmid40004506, year = {2025}, author = {Smatti, MK and Yassine, HM and Mbarek, H and Boomsma, DI}, title = {Understanding Heritable Variation Among Hosts in Infectious Diseases Through the Lens of Twin Studies.}, journal = {Genes}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40004506}, issn = {2073-4425}, mesh = {Humans ; *Communicable Diseases/genetics/immunology ; Twin Studies as Topic ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Genetic Variation ; COVID-19/genetics/immunology ; }, abstract = {Genetic factors have been hypothesized to contribute to the heterogeneity in the response to infectious diseases (IDs). The classical twin design provides a powerful tool to estimate the role of genetic contributions to variation in infection outcomes. With this design, the impact of heritability on the proneness as well as infection- and vaccine-induced immune responses have been documented for multiple infections, including tuberculosis, malaria, leprosy, otitis media, polio, mumps, measles, rubella, influenza, hepatitis B, and human papillomavirus infections, and recently, SARS-CoV-2. The current data show the heritable aspect in nearly all infections considered. In this contribution, we review and discuss human twin studies on the heritability of host characteristics in liability and response to IDs. This review emphasizes the importance of considering factors such as sex, disease stages, and disease presentation when assessing heritability and argues that the classical twin design provides a unique circumstance for exploring the genetic contribution as twins share levels of maternal antibodies, ancestral background, often the dates and number of vaccine doses, differences in vaccines' manufacturing and storage, age, family environment, and other exposures. Additionally, we highlight the value of twin studies and the usefulness of combining the twin model with contemporary genomics technologies and advanced statistical tools to grasp a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of heritability in IDs.}, }
@article {pmid40004426, year = {2025}, author = {Innocenzi, P}, title = {Antiviral Surface Coatings: From Pandemic Lessons to Visible-Light-Activated Films.}, journal = {Materials (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {18}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40004426}, issn = {1996-1944}, abstract = {The increasing need for effective antiviral strategies has led to the development of innovative surface coatings to combat the transmission of viruses via fomites. The aim of this review is to critically assess the efficacy of antiviral coatings in mitigating virus transmission, particularly those activated by visible light. The alarm created by the COVID-19 pandemic, including the initial uncertainty about the mechanisms of its spread, attracted attention to fomites as a possible source of virus transmission. However, later research has shown that surface-dependent infection mechanisms need to be carefully evaluated experimentally. By briefly analyzing virus-surface interactions and their implications, this review highlights the importance of shifting to innovative solutions. In particular, visible-light-activated antiviral coatings that use reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen to disrupt viral components have emerged as promising options. These coatings can allow for obtaining safe, continuous, and long-term active biocidal surfaces suitable for various applications, including healthcare environments and public spaces. This review indicates that while the significance of fomite transmission is context-dependent, advances in material science provide actionable pathways for designing multifunctional, visible-light-activated antiviral coatings. These innovations align with the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and pave the way for sustainable, broad-spectrum antiviral solutions capable of addressing future public health challenges.}, }
@article {pmid40004141, year = {2025}, author = {Quinn, AE and Zhao, L and Bell, SD and Huq, MH and Fang, Y}, title = {Exploring Asthma as a Protective Factor in COVID-19 Outcomes.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {}, pmid = {40004141}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {IOER 112-3119//Des Moines University/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Asthma/immunology/complications/drug therapy ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology/epidemiology/virology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Eosinophils/immunology ; Administration, Inhalation ; }, abstract = {Asthma has long been associated with increased susceptibility to viral respiratory infections, leading to significant exacerbations and poorer clinical outcomes. Contrarily and interestingly, emerging data and research surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic have shown that patients with asthma infected with SARS-CoV-2 experienced decreased severity of disease, lower hospitalization rates, as well as decreased morbidity and mortality. Research has shown that eosinophils could enhance immune defense against viral infections, while inhaled corticosteroids can assist in controlling systematic inflammation. Moreover, reduced ACE-2 expression in individuals with asthma may restrict viral entry, and the Th2 immune response may offset the Th1 response typically observed in severe COVID-19 patients. These factors may help explain the favorable outcomes seen in asthmatic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review highlights potential protective mechanisms seen in asthmatic patients, including eosinophilia, the use of inhaled corticosteroids, reduced ACE-2 expression, and a dominate Th2 immune response. Such a study will be helpful to better manage patients with asthma who have contracted COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40003648, year = {2025}, author = {Möller, K and Saborio, M and Gottschall, H and Blaivas, M and Borges, AC and Morf, S and Möller, B and Dietrich, CF}, title = {The Perception of the Diaphragm with Ultrasound: Always There Yet Overlooked?.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40003648}, issn = {2075-1729}, abstract = {Diaphragm ultrasound makes it possible to diagnose diaphragmatic atrophy and dysfunction. Important indications include unclear dyspnea; diaphragmatic elevation; assessment of diaphragm dysfunction in pulmonary, neuromuscular and neurovascular diseases; and in critically ill patients before noninvasive and mechanical ventilation and follow-up of diaphragm thickness and function during mechanical ventilation with potential prediction of prolonged weaning. In patients with respiratory insufficiency and potential diaphragm dysfunction, it is possible to objectify the contribution of diaphragm dysfunction. In addition, assessment of diaphragmatic hernias, tumors and diaphragmatic dysfunction in COVID-19 and diaphragmatic ultrasound in sports medicine have been described. This narrative review includes the sonomorphology of the diaphragm, standardization of ultrasonographic investigation with transducer positions and ultrasound techniques, normal findings and diagnostic criteria for pathological findings. The correct sonographic measurement, calculation and evaluation can ultimately influence further therapeutic procedures for the patient suffering from diaphragm dysfunction in various diseases.}, }
@article {pmid40003533, year = {2025}, author = {Coelho-Oliveira, AC and Taiar, R and Jaques-Albuquerque, LT and Valério-Penha, AG and Reis-Silva, A and Ferreira-Souza, LF and da Cunha de Sá-Caputo, D and Bernardo-Filho, M}, title = {SPECT/CT Scan Images to Evaluate COVID-19 Pulmonary Complications: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {22}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40003533}, issn = {1660-4601}, mesh = {*Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/standards ; *COVID-19/complications/diagnostic imaging ; *Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging/etiology ; Ventilation-Perfusion Scan/standards ; Perfusion Imaging/standards ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The highly contagious 2019 novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 increased the scientific community's interest in diagnosing and monitoring COVID-19. Due to the findings about the association between COVID-19 infection and pulmonary disturbances, the need for the use of complementary tests that can be carried out, preserving the health of patients, has grown. In this context, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed during the COVID-19 pandemic to assess and try to diagnose lung lesions. The aim of this current review was to investigate the types of SPECT images most commonly used and the main pulmonary parenchymal lesions and different lung perfusion abnormalities observed in these images in individuals with COVID-19 in different countries in the world.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic searches in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were conducted in December 2022. Studies that used SPECT/CT scans to evaluate pulmonary involvements due to COVID-19, with no language restriction, were included. Two reviewers, who independently examined titles and abstracts, identified records through the database search and reference screening, and irrelevant studies were excluded based on the eligibility criteria. Relevant complete texts were analyzed for eligibility, and all relevant studies were included in a systematic review.<br><br>RESULTS: Eight studies with regular methodological quality were included. The types of SPECT examinations used in the included articles were SPECT/CT, Q SPECT/CT, and V/Q SPECT. The possible pulmonary complication most observed was pulmonary embolism.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review demonstrated that SPECT/CT scans, mainly with perfusion methods, allow the maximum extraction of benefits from pulmonary images, in safety, suggesting efficiency in the differential diagnosis, including of respiratory diseases of different etiology, and with diagnostics and additional analyses, can possibly aid the development of suitable therapeutic strategies for each patient. Randomized clinical trials and studies of good methodological quality are necessary to confirm the findings of this review and help better understand the types of SPECT images most commonly used and the main pulmonary parenchymal lesions observed in the images in individuals with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40003500, year = {2025}, author = {Smyth, NJ and Blitshteyn, S}, title = {Language Matters: What Not to Say to Patients with Long COVID, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Other Complex Chronic Disorders.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {22}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40003500}, issn = {1660-4601}, mesh = {Humans ; *Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/psychology/therapy ; *COVID-19/psychology/therapy ; *Language ; Chronic Disease/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Physician-Patient Relations ; }, abstract = {People with Long COVID, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and other complex chronic disorders consistently report having difficulty obtaining effective and compassionate medical care and being disbelieved, judged, gaslighted, and even dismissed by healthcare professionals. We believe that these adversarial interactions and language are more likely to arise when healthcare professionals are confronting complex chronic illnesses without proper training, diagnostic biomarkers, or FDA-approved therapies. These problematic conversations between practitioners and patients often involve specific words and phrases-termed the "never-words"-can leave patients in significant emotional distress and negatively impact the clinician-patient relationship and recovery. Seeking to prevent these destructive interactions, we review key literature on best practices for difficult clinical conversations and discuss the application of these practices for people with Long COVID, ME/CFS, dysautonomia, and other complex chronic disorders. We provide recommendations for alternative, preferred phrasing to the never-words, which can enhance therapeutic relationship and chronic illness patient care via compassionate, encouraging, and non-judgmental language.}, }
@article {pmid40003280, year = {2025}, author = {Zaccagni, L and Gualdi-Russo, E}, title = {Reduced Physical Activity and Increased Weight Status in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Children (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40003280}, issn = {2227-9067}, abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lifestyles of children and adolescents because of the restrictions imposed to contain the infection. This systematic review examined the possible reduction in children's and adolescents' physical activity and changes in their BMI and weight status.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42024589208) of English-language studies published up to 1 October 2024 in individuals with a mean age between 6 and 18 years that investigated physical activity data before and during or after the pandemic and focused on their BMI and weight status according to age, sex, and country making use of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, identified 1040 possible articles.<br><br>RESULTS: Following the PRISMA statement, 26 articles with a whole set of 138,737 children and adolescents were enclosed in the review. The majority of included articles were of moderate quality, as determined by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for observational studies. The studies found a decrease in PA, an increase in sedentary activities during/after the lockdown, and an increase in BMI and prevalence of overweight and obesity, especially in males and 8-11-year-olds.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The interruption or restriction of outdoor physical activities and sports during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a more sedentary lifestyle among children and adolescents, contributing to an overall increase in BMI and obesity, with alarming implications for related health risks and other noncommunicable diseases. Therefore, the adverse effects of restrictive measures should be assessed when implementing public health strategies during pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid40002898, year = {2025}, author = {Sabit, H and Arneth, B and Altrawy, A and Ghazy, A and Abdelazeem, RM and Adel, A and Abdel-Ghany, S and Alqosaibi, AI and Deloukas, P and Taghiyev, ZT}, title = {Genetic and Epigenetic Intersections in COVID-19-Associated Cardiovascular Disease: Emerging Insights and Future Directions.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40002898}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {The intersection of COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as a significant area of research, particularly in understanding the impact of antiplatelet therapies like ticagrelor and clopidogrel. COVID-19 has been associated with acute cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction, thrombosis, and heart failure, exacerbated by the virus's ability to trigger widespread inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in regulating these processes by modulating the gene expressions involved in platelet function, inflammation, and vascular homeostasis. This study explores the potential of miRNAs such as miR-223 and miR-126 as biomarkers for predicting resistance or responsiveness to antiplatelet therapies in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease. Identifying miRNA signatures linked to drug efficacy could optimize treatment strategies for patients at high risk of thrombotic events during COVID-19 infection. Moreover, understanding miRNA-mediated pathways offers new insights into how SARS-CoV-2 exacerbates CVD, particularly through mechanisms like cytokine storms and endothelial damage. The findings of this research could lead to personalized therapeutic approaches, improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality in COVID-19-associated cardiovascular events. With global implications, this study addresses the urgent need for effective management of CVD in the context of COVID-19, focusing on the integration of molecular biomarkers to enhance the precision of antiplatelet therapy.}, }
@article {pmid40002841, year = {2025}, author = {Mahmoud, S and Sarkar, A and AlMahmoud, L and Alladaboina, S and Syed, LF and Yaghmour, M and Elmoh, S and AlShebani, M and Aly, K and Al-Ansari, H and Al-Mohamedi, M and Yagan, L and Zakaria, D}, title = {Solid Organ Transplants Caused by COVID-19 Infection and the Outcome of Transplantation Post-COVID-19: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40002841}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has imposed several medical and economic challenges since its onset in 2019. This is due to its ability to target the respiratory system as well as other organs, resulting in significant impacts and necessitating organ transplants. Our goal is to compile information from the existing literature to investigate how COVID-19 affects outcomes following organ transplantation. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to target studies reporting post-COVID-19 complications. We included 45 studies reporting data related to solid organ transplants, where either the recipient, organ, or donor was affected by SARS-CoV-2. The majority of the included studies concluded that organ transplantation following COVID-19 infection could be performed safely and with similar outcomes to non-COVID-19 patients, regardless of whether the organ, donor, or recipient was affected by COVID-19. No deviation from standard immunosuppression regimens or surgical protocols was necessary either, further re-assuring the feasibility of these transplants as viable treatment options. This applies to organ transplants involving the lungs, kidneys, liver, or heart. However, there was a limited number of studies in some areas, which warrants the need for additional research in order to reach more concrete conclusions pertaining to COVID-19's effect on organ transplants.}, }
@article {pmid40002834, year = {2025}, author = {Whitaker-Hardin, B and McGregor, KM and Uswatte, G and Lokken, K}, title = {A Narrative Review of the Efficacy of Long COVID Interventions on Brain Fog, Processing Speed, and Other Related Cognitive Outcomes.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40002834}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {In the years following the global emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or COVID-19, researchers have become acutely aware of long-term symptomology associated with this disease, often termed long COVID. Long COVID is associated with pervasive symptoms affecting multiple organ systems. Neurocognitive symptoms are reported by up to 40% of long COVID patients, with resultant effects of loss of daily functioning, employment issues, and enormous economic impact and high healthcare utilization. The literature on effective, safe, and non-invasive interventions for the remediation of the cognitive consequences of long COVID is scarce and poorly described. Of specific interest to this narrative review is the identification of potential interventions for long COVID-associated neurocognitive deficits. Articles were sourced from PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, and Embase following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles published between the dates of January 2020 and 30 June 2024 were included in the search. Twelve studies were included in the narrative review, including a feasibility study, a pilot study, a case series, a case study, and an observational study, in addition to three randomized clinical trials and four interventional studies. Overall, treatment interventions such as cognitive training, non-invasive brain stimulation therapy, exercise rehabilitation, targeted pharmacological intervention, and other related treatment paradigms show promise in reducing long COVID cognitive issues. This narrative review highlights the need for more rigorous experimental designs and future studies are needed to fully evaluate treatment interventions for persistent cognitive deficits associated with long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid40002820, year = {2025}, author = {Voros, C and Mavrogianni, D and Minaoglou, A and Papahliou, AM and Topalis, V and Varthaliti, A and Mathiopoulos, D and Kondili, P and Darlas, M and Pantou, A and Sina, S and Athanasiou, A and Athanasiou, D and Loutradis, D and Daskalakis, G}, title = {Unveiling the Impact of COVID-19 on Ovarian Function and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40002820}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a disorder that affects women under the age of 40. It is characterized by decreased ovarian function, elevated gonadotropin levels, and decreased estradiol. SARS-CoV-2 disrupts ovarian function largely through oxidative stress, inflammation, and immunological dysregulation, which are enhanced by its entrance into ovarian tissues via ACE2 receptors. The purpose of this comprehensive review was to investigate the molecular pathways that link SARS-CoV-2 infection to POI and analyze their consequences for ovarian reserve and fertility. Methods: We searched databases such as PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for papers published between 2020 and 2024. Eligible studies investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on ovarian function, including the hormonal indicators anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), oocyte quality, and ovarian reserve. The data were compiled into a complete examination of molecules and clinical findings. Increased inflammatory indicators, such as interleukin-6 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, impaired ovarian homeostasis. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in follicular fluid could have impaired oocyte quality. Observational studies showed transitory decreases in AMH and changed FSH levels following infection, with variable effects on antral follicle count and IVF results. Changes in lipid profiles and VEGF expression emphasized the virus's influence on ovarian angiogenesis and the ovarian microenvironment. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs ovarian function by causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormonal disruption, thereby increasing the incidence of POI. While most alterations are temporary, the long-term reproductive consequences remain unknown. Continuous monitoring and specific treatments are required to reduce the reproductive risks associated with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid40002696, year = {2025}, author = {Perelli, F and Vidiri, A and Palomba, G and Franco, R and Gallitelli, V and Parasiliti, M and Bisanti, M and Spanò, A and Silvagni, A and Lopez, A and Gullo, G and Cucinella, G and Cavaliere, AF}, title = {Preterm Birth and SARS-CoV-2: Does a Correlation Exist?.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40002696}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {Introduction: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its subsequent global pandemic have raised significant concerns regarding its impact on pregnancy outcomes. This review aims to summarize the emerging data on the risk of preterm delivery in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted from March 2020 to December 2023 using PubMed and Web of Science, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies correlating maternal COVID-19 infection with preterm birth were included. Results: Thirteen studies were analyzed, indicating a higher incidence of preterm birth in SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women compared to controls. The average incidence rate of preterm birth in infected patients was 18.5%, with a median of 12.75%, while non-infected women showed an average incidence of preterm birth of 10%, with a median of 8.2%. Discussion: Studies suggest an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and increased risk of preterm birth and cesarean section. The severity of symptoms and underlying comorbidities further elevate this risk. Notably, infections during the third trimester pose the highest risk of preterm birth. Conclusion: Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is crucial to mitigate adverse obstetric outcomes. Close monitoring and tailored interventions for infected pregnant women, particularly those in later trimesters and with comorbidities, are imperative to reduce the risk of preterm birth and improve maternal-fetal outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40002510, year = {2025}, author = {Sánchez Amate, JJ and Luque de la Rosa, A}, title = {Transformation of the Mental Health of the Autism Spectrum Community: Contemporary Challenges in the Post-Pandemic Era.}, journal = {Brain sciences}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40002510}, issn = {2076-3425}, abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 pandemic represented a disruptive global event that significantly impacted mental health, posing specific challenges for vulnerable groups such as individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This group faced particular difficulties due to disrupted routines, limited access to therapies, and social isolation. This study examines the changes in mental health among individuals with ASD during and after the pandemic, highlighting contemporary challenges and the mitigation strategies implemented. Methods: A narrative review was conducted. The search was performed in scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Teseo, Dialnet, and Google Scholar using key terms such as "ASD", "mental health", and "pandemic". Studies published between 2020 and 2024 addressing the impact of COVID-19 on factors such as anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as therapeutic interventions, were selected. Results: Fifteen relevant studies were identified. The findings showed significant increases in the levels of anxiety and depression among individuals with ASD, which were primarily attributable to disrupted routines and social isolation. However, noteworthy innovations in virtual interventions were reported, demonstrating significant potential to mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic. Conclusions: The pandemic exacerbated preexisting challenges in the mental health of individuals with ASD, revealing structural vulnerabilities in access to therapy and emotional regulation. Nevertheless, it spurred innovations in virtual interventions that could transform support for this group in the future. This analysis underscores the importance of implementing inclusive, sustainable, and adaptive policies to improve the quality of life of individuals with ASD, particularly in the context of global crises.}, }
@article {pmid40001911, year = {2025}, author = {Laurindo, LF and Simili, OAG and Araújo, AC and Guiguer, EL and Direito, R and Valenti, VE and de Oliveira, V and de Oliveira, JS and Yanaguizawa Junior, JL and Dias, JA and Maria, DA and Rici, REG and Bueno, MDS and Sloan, KP and Sloan, LA and Barbalho, SM}, title = {Melatonin from Plants: Going Beyond Traditional Central Nervous System Targeting-A Comprehensive Review of Its Unusual Health Benefits.}, journal = {Biology}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40001911}, issn = {2079-7737}, abstract = {Melatonin is indispensable for the homeostasis of plants and animals. In humans, it can help prevent or be an adjuvant treatment for several diseases mainly related to the immune system, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, a melatonin-rich diet is linked to several health benefits, such as regulation of circadian rhythm, regulation of the immunological system, epilepsy control, delaying the aging process, and diminishing hormones related to cancer. This review aimed to show the effects of melatonin in diseases beyond its traditional use. The results showed it can present scavenging of free radicals, reducing inflammatory cytokines, and modulating the immune system. Moreover, it can improve insulin resistance, blood pressure, LDL-c, adipose tissue mass, adhesion molecules, endothelial impairment, and plaque formation. These effects result in neuro- and cardioprotection, improvement of liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, COVID-19, polycystic ovaries, and sepsis. We conclude that plant melatonin can benefit patients with many diseases besides sleep problems and neurodegeneration. Plant melatonin may be more cost-effective and present fewer adverse events than synthetic. However, more clinical trials should be performed to show adequate doses, formulation, and treatment time.}, }
@article {pmid40001583, year = {2025}, author = {Burkova, EE and Bakhno, IA}, title = {Sequences in the Cytoplasmic Tail Contribute to the Intracellular Trafficking and the Cell Surface Localization of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.}, journal = {Biomolecules}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {40001583}, issn = {2218-273X}, support = {24-24-20074//the Russian Science Foundation project within project supported by the Government of the Novosibirsk Region/ ; }, mesh = {*Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism/chemistry/genetics ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; *Cell Membrane/metabolism ; COVID-19/virology/metabolism ; Protein Domains ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Animals ; }, abstract = {Spike protein is a surface glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, providing interaction of the coronavirus with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the host cell. The cytoplasmic tail of the S protein plays an important role in an intracellular transport and translocation of the glycoprotein to the plasma membrane. The cytoplasmic domain of the S protein contains binding sites for COPI, COPII, and SNX27, which are required for the intracellular trafficking of this glycoprotein. In addition, the cytoplasmic domain of the S protein contains S-palmitoylation sites. S-palmitoylation increases the hydrophobicity of the S protein by regulating its transport to the plasma membrane. The cytoplasmic tail of the S protein has a signaling sequence that provides interaction with the ERM family proteins, which may mediate communication between the cell membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. This review examines the role of the cytoplasmic tail of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein in its intracellular transport and translocation to the plasma membrane. Understanding these processes is necessary not only for the development of vaccines based on mRNA or adenovirus vectors encoding the full-length spike (S) protein, but also for the therapy of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19).}, }
@article {pmid40001181, year = {2025}, author = {De Simone, B and Abu-Zidan, FM and Kasongo, L and Moore, EE and Podda, M and Sartelli, M and Isik, A and Bala, M and Coimbra, R and Balogh, ZJ and Rasa, K and Marchegiani, F and Schena, CA and DèAngelis, N and Di Martino, M and Ansaloni, L and Coccolini, F and Gumbs, AA and Biffl, WL and Pikoulis, E and Pararas, N and Chouillard, E and ,  and Catena, F}, title = {COVID-19 infection is a significant risk factor for death in patients presenting with acute cholecystitis: a secondary analysis of the ChoCO-W cohort study.}, journal = {World journal of emergency surgery : WJES}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {16}, pmid = {40001181}, issn = {1749-7922}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications/epidemiology ; *Cholecystitis, Acute/mortality/surgery ; Male ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been a surge in cases of acute cholecystitis. The ChoCO-W global prospective study reported a higher incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Through this secondary analysis of the ChoCO-W study data, we aim to identify significant risk factors for mortality in patients with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the role of COVID-19 infection in patient outcomes and treatment efficacy."<br><br>METHODS: The ChoCO-W global prospective study reported data from 2546 patients collected at 218 centers from 42 countries admitted with acute cholecystitis during the COVID-19 pandemic, from October 1, 2020, to October 31, 2021. Sixty-four of them died. Nonparametric statistical univariate analysis was performed to compare patients who died and patients who survived. Significant factors were then entered into a logistic regression model to define factors predicting mortality.<br><br>RESULTS: The significant independent factors that predicted death in the logistic regression model with were COVID-19 infection (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), postoperative complications (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), and type (open/laparoscopic) of surgical intervention (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.003). The odds of death increased 5 times with the COVID-19 infection, 6 times in the presence of complications, and it was reduced by 86% with adequate source control. Survivors predominantly underwent urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (52.3% vs. 23.4%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for death in patients with acute cholecystitis. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy has emerged as the cornerstone of treatment for hemodynamically stable patients.}, }
@article {pmid39999678, year = {2025}, author = {David, C and Verney, C and Si-Tahar, M and Guillon, A}, title = {Evaluating the evidence for GM-CSF as a host-directed therapy in respiratory infections.}, journal = {Cytokine}, volume = {189}, number = {}, pages = {156902}, doi = {10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156902}, pmid = {39999678}, issn = {1096-0023}, mesh = {*Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/therapeutic use/metabolism/immunology ; Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/immunology/therapy ; Animals ; Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology/metabolism ; Lung/immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Homeostasis ; }, abstract = {Novel therapeutic approaches are needed to treat respiratory infections due to the rising antimicrobial resistance and the lack of effective antiviral therapies. A promising avenue to overcome treatment failure is to develop strategies that target the host immune response rather than the pathogen itself. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plays a critical role in controlling homeostasis in lungs, alveolar macrophages being the most sensitive cells to GM-CSF signaling. In this review, we discuss the importance of GM-CSF secretion for lung homeostasis and its alteration during respiratory infections. We also present the pre-clinical evidence and clinical investigations evaluating GM-CSF-based treatments (administration or inhibition) as a therapeutic strategy for treating respiratory infections, highlighting both supporting and contradictory findings.}, }
@article {pmid39999074, year = {2025}, author = {Laturski, AE and Dulay, MT and Perry, JL and DeSimone, JM}, title = {Transfection via RNA-Based Nanoparticles: Comparing Encapsulation vs Adsorption Approaches of RNA Incorporation.}, journal = {Bioconjugate chemistry}, volume = {36}, number = {3}, pages = {367-376}, doi = {10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5c00028}, pmid = {39999074}, issn = {1520-4812}, mesh = {Adsorption ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Humans ; *RNA/chemistry/administration &amp; dosage ; *Transfection/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines/chemistry/administration &amp; dosage ; *RNA, Viral/chemistry ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {Historically, RNA delivery via nanoparticles has primarily relied on encapsulation, as demonstrated by lipid nanoparticles in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Concerns about RNA degradation on nanoparticle surfaces initially limited the exploration of adsorption-based approaches. However, recent advancements have renewed interest in adsorption as a viable alternative. This Viewpoint explores the approaches of RNA incorporation in nanoparticles, comparing encapsulation, adsorption, and the combination of encapsulation and adsorption, and presents a framework to guide the selection of the most suitable strategy based on general characteristics.}, }
@article {pmid39998873, year = {2025}, author = {Min, D and Yun, JY and Parslow, C and Jajodia, A and Han, HR}, title = {Online-Based Recruitment Methods for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Scoping Review and Lessons Learned From the PLAN Trial.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e55082}, pmid = {39998873}, issn = {1438-8871}, support = {R01 AG062649/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Aged ; *Independent Living ; *Patient Selection ; *Internet ; Male ; Female ; Aged, 80 and over ; Dementia ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite rapid technological advancement and a considerably aging US population, there remains a gap in the literature pertaining to online-based recruitment strategies for older adults.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the lessons learned from the authors' experience of recruiting a sample for PLAN (Preparing successful aging through dementia Literacy education And Navigation), an ongoing, community-based randomized controlled trial designed to promote the transition of community-dwelling Korean American older adults with probable dementia and their caregivers into the health care system. The authors also present online-based recruitment strategies focused on older adults reported in relevant published studies to compare with their experiences.<br><br>METHODS: Data sources included PLAN recruitment tracking files, study team meeting minutes, and interviews with community consultants. We also conducted a scoping review of published studies, searching PubMed in July 2021, and updated our search in September 2023. Eligibility criteria included (1) focus on older adults aged more than 65 years, (2) sample recruited from a community setting, and (3) inclusion and description of online-based recruitment strategies. Exclusion criteria (1) did not focus on adults older than 65 years in a community setting, (2) did not include or describe online-based recruitment strategies, or (3) used online-based methods but not for the purpose of recruitment. The review followed the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Information was extracted using a data charting table and synthesized by conducting a thematic analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 8 articles were included in the scoping review and primarily addressed health promotion and recruitment strategy evaluation. When compared with PLAN data sources, five key themes emerged as relevant to the online-based recruitment of community-dwelling older adults: (1) unfamiliarity with technology-limited digital literacy, (2) differences in internet access and use across older age groups, (3) providing technological support to promote recruitment, (4) successful and unsuccessful recruitment using social media, and (5) other diverse online-based methods of recruitment. In particular, direct quotes from multiple sources for the PLAN trial revealed technological challenges that were common among immigrant older adults as the study team used various online-based recruitment activities.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The literature was limited in the discussion of online-based recruitment among older participants. Data sources revealed the digital divide and limited digital literacy, particularly among non-English-speaking immigrant older adults and their caregivers. The usefulness of online-based recruitment of older adults is uncertain due, in large part, to limited sociodemographic diversity noted in the samples recruited in the included studies. Future research should explore the role of race and ethnicity and other characteristics, such as socioeconomic status, sex, education, access to technology, and digital literacy, in relation to online-based recruitment for adequate representation of diverse older adults in research.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03909347; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03909347.}, }
@article {pmid39998800, year = {2025}, author = {Shaik, KM and Kumar, D and Srikanth, P and Nandi, S}, title = {SARS-CoV-2: A synergy to the Alzheimer's disease.}, journal = {Journal of neurovirology}, volume = {31}, number = {1}, pages = {16-23}, pmid = {39998800}, issn = {1538-2443}, mesh = {Humans ; *Alzheimer Disease/virology/immunology/pathology ; *COVID-19/complications/virology/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Brain/virology/pathology/immunology ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 was a nightmare in humankind's history that challenged our advanced medical technology. All credit goes to the researchers who played a crucial role in curbing COVID-19 and proved our medical technology supremacy. However, COVID-19 has left some mysterious scars on human well-being. It is believed that COVID-19 has a significant negative impact on various cardiovascular (CVS) and central nervous system (CNS) diseases, especially in the case of CNS diseases like Alzheimer's. Surprisingly, COVID-19 affects the respiratory system, whereas Alzheimer's disease (AD) alters brain function. To explain this phenomenon, several hypotheses were proposed, but the mechanism needs to be clearly understood. Another critical thing to be concerned about is that COVID-19 will worsen pre-existing conditions and lead to the onset of AD. In the race to curb COVID-19, the invention of vaccines was speeded up, and it is necessary to fight against COVID-19. However, postvaccination follow-up is mandatory when an individual is a victim of AD. In this review article, we compiled the various dreadful effects of the COVID-19 virus on AD, the Post effects of the virus on AD, and the effect of the COVID-19 vaccination on AD. This article provides a new direction for research concerning COVID-19 and AD.}, }
@article {pmid39998511, year = {2024}, author = {Dong, RK and Li, X and Hernan, 'R}, title = {Psychological safety and psychosocial safety climate in workplace: A bibliometric analysis and systematic review towards a research agenda.}, journal = {Journal of safety research}, volume = {91}, number = {}, pages = {1-19}, doi = {10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.001}, pmid = {39998511}, issn = {1879-1247}, mesh = {Humans ; *Workplace/psychology ; *Occupational Health ; Bibliometrics ; *Organizational Culture ; COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Safety Management ; Job Satisfaction ; Psychological Safety ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Research on workplace safety has seen significant growth in academic and industry-focused literature over the past 20 years. However, the extant literature on workplace safety tends to focus on safety outcomes of physical accidents and injuries while relegating its conceptual and theoretical development to the background. Psychological safety and psychosocial safety climate in the workplace are essential to workers' health and safety. These concepts are crucial in enabling job satisfaction, work engagement, and performance productivity. Progressing the literature on this subject is necessary to keep abreast with the changing dynamics of the post-COVID challenges, such as working from home, isolation, and stress from AI, among others. A significant gap in the extant literature burrows in the lack of conceptual clarity of workplace safety from a psychological perspective and the poor understanding of its substantive effects on organizations. Hence, re-examining workplace safety's conceptual and theoretical foundations from a psychological lens offers a more nuanced understanding of its potential to contribute to employee well-being and organizational resilience, pursuing a better work-life safe and more comfortable working environment.<br><br>METHOD: This study: (a) synthesizes the theoretical propositions and empirical findings from 990 research articles published between 2000 and 2023 to map the existing body of knowledge about psychological safety and psychosocial safety climate, including their theoretical underpinnings and mechanisms, to offer a state-of-the-art overview of the scope of workplace occupational health and safety research from a psychological perspective; (b) applied a data-based research design adhering to PRISMA; (c) compiled descriptive synthesis and textual narrative syntheses through bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review; and (d) opens the black box of workplace safety research by presenting significant findings to inform future conceptual, theoretical, and methodological research as well as the practice of workplace safety through the lens of psychology.<br><br>RESULTS: This study's findings further offer managerial implications to workplace safety policy-making and human resource management practices to enhance employees' psychological safety and eliminate workplace psychosocial hazards.}, }
@article {pmid39998478, year = {2025}, author = {Damase, TR and Cooke, JP}, title = {RNA therapeutics in cardiovascular medicine.}, journal = {Current opinion in cardiology}, volume = {40}, number = {3}, pages = {139-149}, pmid = {39998478}, issn = {1531-7080}, support = {R01 HL133254/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL148338/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy/drug therapy ; *RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Genetic Therapy/methods ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: RNA therapeutics came to global attention when mRNA-based vaccines provided an answer to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The immense significance of this development notwithstanding, it is important to note that almost a decade prior to the pandemic, RNA drugs had made important inroads toward the amelioration of disease. The first class of RNA therapies to be introduced into clinical use were the antisense oligomers and siRNA drugs which generally induce a therapeutic effect by acting to brake or to modulate mRNA expression. RNA therapeutics is quickly becoming the fourth pillar of pharmacotherapy, and will have broad applications, including for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several antisense oligomers (ASOs) and siRNA-based drugs to treat disorders associated with cardiovascular disease. In addition, multiple RNA-based drugs are in clinical trials to assess their safety and efficacy in patients with cardiovascular disorders, such as Zodasiran, a siRNA therapy that targets angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) to reduce LDL cholesterol.<br><br>SUMMARY: Because of limitless sequence choice; speed of design; and relative ease of synthesis, RNA drugs will be rapidly developed, will have broad applications, and will be generated at lower cost than other drug types. This review aims to highlight RNA therapies for cardiovascular diseases that are approved, and those that are under clinical evaluation.}, }
@article {pmid39998413, year = {2025}, author = {Kumar, V and Soni, M and Rajagopal, V and Behera, A and Gandhi, A and Shamim, MA and Gaidhane, S and Rustagi, S and Rai, N and Sah, S and Khatib, MN and Puri, S and Jaiswal, V and Singh, M and Bushi, G and Satapathy, P}, title = {The Prevalence of Refractive Errors in Indian School Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Ophthalmic epidemiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-10}, doi = {10.1080/09286586.2025.2450346}, pmid = {39998413}, issn = {1744-5086}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Refractive errors (REs) are a significant cause of vision impairment and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism are the most prevalent forms. In developing regions, including India, the prevalence and impact of REs, particularly among school-aged children, is profound, affecting their academic performance and overall quality of life.<br><br>METHODS: This review aimed to consolidate data from studies published post-2018 to provide updated prevalence estimates of REs among Indian school children. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in May 2024 across four databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Inclusion criteria focused on cross-sectional studies from India, reporting the prevalence of REs among school-aged children.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 1434 studies, 43&#x2009;met the inclusion criteria. The overall pooled prevalence of REs was 11% (95% CI: 0.08-0.15). The subgroup analysis showed a slight decline in prevalence post-COVID-19, from 12% to 11%. Prevalence was higher in cycloplegic studies at 12%, compared to 10% in non-cycloplegic. Myopia was the most prevalent RE at 8%, with astigmatism at 3% and hyperopia at 1%. No significant gender differences were found. The meta-regression does not indicate a statistically significant relation between the year of publication and the prevalence of RE.<br><br>CONCLUSION: REs, particularly myopia, pose a significant burden among Indian schoolchildren. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall prevalence of REs has remained stable. These findings emphasize the need for continued vision screening programs and targeted interventions to reduce the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors.}, }
@article {pmid39998400, year = {2024}, author = {Qaedi, A and Elbahr, U and Abalı, G and Çakar, B and Şencan, O and Hejres, S and Sipahi, OR}, title = {Candida krusei pericarditis: A case report and review of the literature.}, journal = {The new microbiologica}, volume = {47}, number = {4}, pages = {355-357}, pmid = {39998400}, issn = {1121-7138}, mesh = {Humans ; *Pericarditis/microbiology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Aged ; Female ; *Candidiasis/drug therapy/microbiology/diagnosis ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; *Candida/isolation &amp; purification/drug effects ; COVID-19/complications ; Voriconazole/therapeutic use ; Caspofungin/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {A 66-year-old female, a known case of endometrial serous carcinoma, presented with a history of poor oral intake. Elevated C-reactive protein was identified, and an echocardiogram showed evidence of large circumferential pericardial fluid with maximum diameter measuring 4.4 cm. Further analysis of the pericardial fluid revealed growth of Candida krusei. Treatment was initiated with caspofungin 150mg intravenously once daily for 28 days, followed by oral maintenance therapy with voriconazole for 10 days. No relapse or re-infection was observed during 10 days of follow-up. A literature search was performed, which demonstrated that Candida albicans is the most encountered Candida spp. associated with acute pericarditis. Additionally, the following risk factors were observed, including history of major surgery, COVID-19 infection, and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. This article presents a unique case of acute pericarditis caused by C. krusei. It highlights the importance of identifying the etiology in immunocompromised cohorts and emphasizes the role of establishing formative treatment guidelines for the management of Candida spp. pericarditis.}, }
@article {pmid39997971, year = {2025}, author = {Lopes, LR and Medeiros, R and Tavares, V and Dias, F and Amaral, MVG and Goes, RA and Matheus Guimarães, JA and Perini, JA}, title = {A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Aerobic Fitness Dynamics in Post-COVID-19 Athletes: Implications in the Return-to-Play Performance.}, journal = {Sports (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39997971}, issn = {2075-4663}, abstract = {Maximal oxygen uptake (V.O2max) assesses athletic performance; however, its values are inconsistent in post-COVID-19 athletes. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of V.O2max in post-COVID-19 athletes. Observational studies were identified by screening the PubMed database published up to 17 July 2023. The initial electronic search found 320 studies. Of these, 26 employing the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to assess aerobic fitness were selected. Of the 2625 pooled athletes, 1464 were infected and considered as the post-COVID-19 group, either asymptomatic or symptomatic, while the remaining 1161, who were uninfected or had V.O2max results prior to infection, were defined as the infection-free group. Age and V.O2max were differently distributed between post-COVID-19 athletes and those without infection (p = 0.03 in both). Persistent symptoms athletes had 8 mL/Kg/min lower V.O2max than those without infection (p = 0.04). In addition, post-infected athletes who underwent CPET after 12 weeks showed a significant reduction of 2.9 mL/Kg/min in V.O2max according to the increase in body mass index (BMI). The pooled analysis showed that aerobic fitness was reduced in athletes post-COVID-19. V.O2max was negatively correlated with BMI in those who underwent CPET at 12 weeks, suggesting that symptoms persist beyond 12 weeks, affecting return-to-play.}, }
@article {pmid39997622, year = {2025}, author = {Oudman, E and Wijnia, JW and Bidesie, JR and van Dam, MJ and Oey, MJ and Smits, S and van Dorp, M and Postma, A}, title = {Pediatric Wernicke Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Pediatric reports}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39997622}, issn = {2036-749X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Wernicke Encephalopathy (WE), a neurological disorder often linked to alcohol use, can also occur under non-alcoholic conditions, including in pediatric populations.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review examines 88 pediatric WE cases reported over the past 30 years, encompassing diverse etiologies such as cancer (25 cases), gastrointestinal diseases (19), malnutrition (17), psychiatric disorders (13), obesity surgery (5), renal disease (4), COVID-19 (2), PICU complications (1), hyperemesis gravidarum (1), and a genetic mutation (1).<br><br>RESULTS: Prodromal symptoms included nausea (60%) and vomiting (55%). In total, 37% of the patients received parenteral nutrition without thiamine before WE diagnosis, often progressing to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS). Key findings revealed the classic triad of WKS, eye movement disorders (80%), mental status changes (75%), and ataxia (63%), with MRI demonstrating high diagnostic sensitivity (85%). Treatment varied widely; higher parenteral thiamine doses correlated with faster recovery and better outcomes, while insufficient dosages led to adverse effects. Full remission was achieved in 61% of cases, with improved outcomes in more recent reports due to refined dosing protocols.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of early recognition of nausea and vomiting as predictors of pediatric WE and the critical need to incorporate thiamine in parenteral nutrition for children. Optimal dosing remains vital for recovery, particularly in severe cases.}, }
@article {pmid39997467, year = {2025}, author = {Ayyoub, S and Dhillon, NK and Tura-Ceide, O}, title = {Genetics of Long COVID: Exploring the Molecular Drivers of Persistent Pulmonary Vascular Disease Symptoms.}, journal = {Infectious disease reports}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39997467}, issn = {2036-7430}, support = {CP17/00114, CPII22/00006)//Miguel Servet type grants from the Institute of Health Carlos III/ ; PI21/01212//Catalan Pneumology Foundation (FUCAP) and from the Institute of Health Carlos III/ ; 2024 FI-3 00065//AGAUR-FI ajuts Joan Or&#xf3;, backed by the Secretariat of Universities and Research of the Department of Research and Universities of the Generalitat of Catalonia, and the European Social Plus Fund/ ; R01HL1528322//NIH Funding/ ; }, abstract = {Background/ Objectives: Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) are symptoms that manifest despite passing the acute infection phase. These manifestations encompass a wide range of symptoms, the most common being fatigue, shortness of breath, and cognitive dysfunction. Genetic predisposition is clearly involved in the susceptibility of individuals to developing these persistent symptoms and the variation in the severity and forms. This review summarizes the role of genetic factors and gene polymorphisms in the development of major pulmonary vascular disorders associated with long COVID. Methods: A comprehensive review of current literature was conducted to examine the genetic contributions to pulmonary complications following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies investigating genetic polymorphisms linked to pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary thromboembolism, and pulmonary vascular endothelialitis were reviewed and summarized. Results: Findings show that specific genetic variants contribute to increased susceptibility to pulmonary vascular complications in long COVID patients. Variants associated with endothelial dysfunction, coagulation pathways, and inflammatory responses have been implicated in the development of pulmonary hypertension and thromboembolic events. Genetic predispositions influencing vascular integrity and immune responses appear to influence disease severity and progression. Conclusions: Understanding these mechanisms and genetic predispositions could pave the way for targeted therapeutic interventions to alleviate the burden on patients experiencing long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid39997451, year = {2025}, author = {Marena, GD and Thomaz, L and Nosanchuk, JD and Taborda, CP}, title = {Galleria mellonella as an Invertebrate Model for Studying Fungal Infections.}, journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39997451}, issn = {2309-608X}, support = {150689/2024-1//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; R21 AI124797/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; AI124797/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; AI52733/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; 2015/06547-7//S&#xe3;o Paulo State Research Support Foundation/ ; R01 AI052733/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; 2024/07461-8//S&#xe3;o Paulo State Research Support Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {The incidence of fungal infections continues to increase and one of the factors responsible for these high rates is the emergence of multi-resistant species, hospitalizations, inappropriate or prolonged use of medications, and pandemics, such as the ongoing HIV/AIDS pandemic. The recent pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a significant increase in fungal infections, especially systemic mycoses caused by opportunistic fungi. There is a growing and urgent need to better understand how these microorganisms cause infection and develop resistance as well as to develop new therapeutic strategies to combat the diverse diseases caused by fungi. Non-mammalian hosts are increasingly used as alternative models to study microbial infections. Due to their low cost, simplicity of care, conserved innate immunity and reduced ethical issues, the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella is an excellent model host for studying fungal infections and it is currently widely used to study fungal pathogenesis and develop innovative strategies to mitigate the mycoses studied. G. mellonella can grow at 37 °C, which is similar to the mammalian temperature, and the anatomy of the larvae allows researchers to easily deliver pathogens, biological products, compounds and drugs. The aim of this review is to describe how G. mellonella is being used as a model system to study fungal infections as well as the importance of this model in evaluating the antifungal profile of potential drug candidates or new therapies against fungi.}, }
@article {pmid39997023, year = {2025}, author = {Cano, M and Del Valle, M}, title = {The Personal Glucose Meter as the Measurement Principle in Point-of-Care Applications.}, journal = {Biosensors}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39997023}, issn = {2079-6374}, support = {PID2022-136709OB-C21//Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/ ; 2021 SGR 00124//Generalitat of Catalunya/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation/methods ; *Point-of-Care Systems ; *Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/instrumentation/methods ; *Blood Glucose/analysis ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {A personal glucose meter (PGM) is a medical device that measures blood glucose levels and can be found worldwide. Owing to their sensitivity, simplicity, portability, and low cost, PGMs stand as one of the most frequently utilized analytical methods. This work reviews the different applied methodologies for detecting analytes other than glucose employing a PGM and how it can be incorporated for point-of-care diagnosis needs. To visualize the variants, first, a classification is made according to the biorecognition elements used (aptamers, antibodies, etc.), and where the determination of different analytes is done through the glucose signal using different glucose-generating enzymes such as invertase or glucosidase. Transduction can also be based on the use of nanocarriers that generally encapsulate glucose, although it is also possible to find a combination of the two aforementioned strategies. The PGM can also be used for the direct detection of interfering substances of the biosensor, such as NADH or paracetamol. Lastly, we discuss how a PGM might have been implemented to detect COVID-19 and how it could be used on a massive scale for the point-of-care diagnosis of a pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39996953, year = {2025}, author = {Koren, L and Koren, A and Likić, R and Katanec, T}, title = {Revolutionizing Dentistry: Preclinical Insights and Future Applications of mRNA Vaccines in Dentistry-A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Dentistry journal}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39996953}, issn = {2304-6767}, abstract = {Background: Recent advances in mRNA vaccine technology, accelerated by the global COVID-19 pandemic, have generated significant interest in their applications beyond infectious diseases. Dentistry has emerged as a promising field for exploring the potential of mRNA-based therapies in preventing and treating oral diseases. Objectives: This narrative review aims to evaluate the current status of mRNA vaccine development and its preclinical applications in oral health, focusing on periodontal disease, dental caries, regenerative medicine, implantology, and oral cancer. Methods: The review synthesizes findings from preclinical studies, including research conducted in animal models and in vitro, to assess the potential of mRNA-based therapies to modulate immune responses and promote tissue regeneration in the oral cavity. Clinical trials were only mentioned in the context of broader areas of mRNA vaccine implementation such as oncology and immunotherapy. Results: The preclinical studies highlight the capacity of mRNA vaccines to enhance the body's immune response and facilitate tissue repair processes. Despite these promising results, challenges persist in delivering mRNA vaccines effectively within the complex oral environment. These challenges include vaccine stability, delivery mechanisms, and the modulation of immune responses. Conclusions: While mRNA vaccines offer significant promise for revolutionizing oral health care, they face notable limitations concerning safety, efficacy, and clinical feasibility. Overcoming these obstacles through further research is essential to unlock their full translational potential and ensure their safe and effective integration into dental practice.}, }
@article {pmid39996621, year = {2025}, author = {Li, R and Zhang, J and Ren, L}, title = {A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Using Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) on Mortality, Severity, and Healthcare Resource Utilization in Patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {Advances in respiratory medicine}, volume = {93}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39996621}, issn = {2543-6031}, mesh = {Humans ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; *Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/mortality ; Severity of Illness Index ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study is to explore the potential link between the utilization of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and its impact on mortality, disease severity, and healthcare resource utilization in individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. We aim to establish a solid theoretical foundation for safe and effective clinical medications.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of various databases, including CNKI, PubMed, Science, Cell, Springer, Nature, Web of Science, and Embase. We also traced the literature of the included studies to ensure a thorough analysis of the available evidence. After applying a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, we ultimately included a total of 41 articles in our analysis. To determine the overall effect size for dichotomous variables, we used the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio in random effect models. For continuous variables, we calculated the inverse variance SMD using random effect models. To assess the outcomes and heterogeneity, we considered p-values (p < 0.05) and I[2] values for all outcomes. We performed multivariate and univariate meta-regression analyses using the maximum likelihood approach with the CMA 3.0 software.<br><br>RESULTS: The results of our analysis indicated that the use of ACEIs or ARBs did not significantly influence mortality (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.83-1.46, p = 0.43, I[2] = 84%), severity (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.68-1.45, p = 0.98, I[2] = 84%), or healthcare resource utilization (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI 0.06-0.12, p = 0.54, I[2] = 37%) in patients with COVID-19 compared to those not taking ACEIs or ARBs. The multivariate meta-regression analysis model explained 63%, 31%, and 100% of the sources of heterogeneity for the three outcome indicators.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The use of ACEIs and ARBs is not significantly correlated with mortality, severity, or healthcare resource utilization in patients with COVID-19, indicating safe clinical use of the medications.}, }
@article {pmid39996070, year = {2024}, author = {Jara Chinarro, B and Pazos Rodriguez, L and Cuchí Alfaro, M and Izquierdo Pérez, A and Aguado Ibañez, S and Churruca Arrospide, M and Soler Vigil, M and Moral, C and Almonacid, C}, title = {Innovations and Challenges in Intermediate Respiratory Care Units: Toward Effective Integration into the Hospital System.}, journal = {Open respiratory archives}, volume = {6}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {100396}, pmid = {39996070}, issn = {2659-6636}, abstract = {This review gives a comprehensive and nuanced appraisal of the current state of Intermediate Respiratory Care Units (IRCUs). It aims to evaluate the distribution of IRCUs in Spain, identify challenges and gaps in the current system and analyze the impact of IRCUs during the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of the evolution and current state of IRCUs was conducted. A search was performed on PubMed. Original articles were selected for analysis. Additionally, recommendation documents on IRCUs from SEPAR and other Scientific Societies were reviewed. The review analyzes the history and evolution of the IRCUs, their role and function, IRCU models, the evolution of admission criteria, and their efficacy and efficiency. IRCUs offer significant benefits by improving patient outcomes through accurate categorization and specialized treatment of severe pulmonary diseases, ensuring high-quality care. They reduce ICU admission rates, resulting in substantial cost savings for hospitals. Our analysis indicates that while IRCUs contribute positively to patient outcomes and resource optimization in Spain, there are significant challenges related to heterogeneity in unit structures, staffing, and resource allocation. Standardizing definitions and models may enhance the effectiveness and comparability of IRCUs across the healthcare system.}, }
@article {pmid39995815, year = {2025}, author = {Van Eijndhoven, DA and Vos, R and Bos, S}, title = {Monoclonal Antibodies in Prevention and Early Treatment of COVID-19 in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Perspective on the Role of Monoclonal Antibodies in the Future.}, journal = {Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation}, volume = {38}, number = {}, pages = {13800}, pmid = {39995815}, issn = {1432-2277}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Lung Transplantation ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Transplant Recipients ; }, abstract = {UNLABELLED: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly impacted lung transplant recipients (LTR), who remain vulnerable to severe COVID-19 despite vaccination, prompting the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as a treatment option. This systematic review summarizes the clinical efficacy of mAbs against COVID-19 in adult LTR and provides a perspective on the role of mAbs for infectious diseases in the future. A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane was conducted for studies reporting clinical outcomes of adult LTR or solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) including LTR with drug-specific outcomes. Twelve studies were included. Pre-exposure prophylaxis with mAbs reduced COVID-19 breakthrough infection in LTR. Early treatment of COVID-19 with mAbs correlated with a reduced incidence of severe COVID-19 outcomes, although statistical significance varied among studies. Overall, observational studies have demonstrated a potential benefit of mAbs in the treatment of COVID-19 in LTR, both in prophylaxis and early treatment, as well as the importance of early administration. Moreover, mAb therapy appeared safe and could be a viable option against other pathogens, a route that warrants further investigation.<br><br>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=382133, identifier CRD42022382133.}, }
@article {pmid39995623, year = {2025}, author = {Hyrkäs-Palmu, H and Hugg, TT and Jaakkola, JJK and Ikäheimo, TM}, title = {The influence of weather and urban environment characteristics on upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1487125}, pmid = {39995623}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *Weather ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; *Built Environment ; Cities/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; *Urban Population/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Weather can independently affect the occurrence of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in urban areas. Built environments of cities could further modify exposure to weather and consequently the risk of RTIs, but their combined effects on infections are not known.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to synthesize evidence of the influence of weather on RTIs in urban areas and to examine whether urban built environments are associated with both weather and RTIs.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was conducted on 9th of August 2022 following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included in the review based on predefined criteria by screening 5,789 articles and reviewing reference lists of relevant studies. The quality of the studies was assessed using the AXIS appraisal tool, and the results analyzed by narrative synthesis.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-one eligible studies focusing on COVID-19 and influenza transmissions, were included in the review. All studies were register based ecological studies by design. Low temperature (11/19 studies) was most often associated with increased risk of RTI. Humidity showed either negative (5/14 studies), positive (3/14 studies) or no (6/14 studies) relation with RTIs. The association between wind and solar radiation on infections was inconclusive. Population density was positively associated with RTIs (14/15 studies).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our review shows that exposure to low temperature increases the occurrence of RTIs in urban areas, and where also high population density increases the infection risk. The study highlights the need to further assess the relationship between built environment characteristics, weather, and RTIs.}, }
@article {pmid39994977, year = {2025}, author = {Raut, RW and Naik, HS and Sah, PM and Golińska, P and Gade, A}, title = {A Comparative Analysis of Optical Biosensors for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza.}, journal = {Biotechnology and bioengineering}, volume = {122}, number = {6}, pages = {1326-1346}, doi = {10.1002/bit.28956}, pmid = {39994977}, issn = {1097-0290}, support = {//Financial support was provided by the National Science Center and the European Union Framework Program./ ; }, mesh = {*Biosensing Techniques/methods ; *SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/virology ; *Influenza, Human/diagnosis/virology ; Surface Plasmon Resonance/methods ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods ; Colorimetry/methods ; }, abstract = {Airborne pathogens, such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2, pose significant health risks. While traditional diagnostic methods have limitations, optical biosensors offer a promising solution due to their rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective nature. This review focuses on the application of optical biosensors, including colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and fluorescence techniques, for the detection of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. We discuss the advantages of these techniques, such as their potential for point-of-care testing and early disease detection. By addressing the limitations of existing methods and exploring emerging technologies, optical biosensors can play a crucial role in combating the spread of airborne pathogens. This review provides a comprehensive overview of optical biosensor techniques for the detection of both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, addressing a significant gap in the literature.}, }
@article {pmid39994941, year = {2025}, author = {Çakar, V and Karadağ, A and Demir, AS}, title = {Skin Problems in the Facial Area due to the Use of Personal Protective Equipment in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of clinical nursing}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jocn.17695}, pmid = {39994941}, issn = {1365-2702}, abstract = {AIMS: The use of personal protective equipment can cause various skin problems in the facial area. The aim of the systematic review study is to determine the skin problems and related factors due to the use of personal protective equipment.<br><br>DESIGN: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Joanna Briggs Institute Systematic Reviews Tools were used in the methodological approach of this systematic review. The publications were searched using MEDLINE(R), CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases without year limitation. Data were screened, extracted and appraised for quality by two authors.<br><br>RESULTS: In total 1670 records were identified, of which 15 studies were included in the review. These studies were mostly conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies have shown that the incidence of skin problems in the face area is high due to the use of personal protective equipment. The most common skin problems were pressure injury, rash, irritation, sweating and moisture accumulation and acne. Anatomical regions with skin problems were nose bridge, cheeks, ears, chin and forehead. The duration of use and type of personal protective equipment and sweating and moisture were the most prominent risk factors for the development of skin problems.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study has shown that though the studies included in the review have methodological differences, there is a high rate of skin problems related to personal protective equipment used in the facial region. Well-structured, prospective observational and randomised controlled trials are needed.<br><br>It is important to understand the types and causes of skin problems in the face area due to the use of personal protective equipment to protect the facial skin health of healthcare workers.<br><br>In the inclusion criteria of this systematic review, the patients or public were not included in the study.<br><br>TRAIL REGISTRATION: The systematic review study has been registered in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews System (CRD4202127650).}, }
@article {pmid39994584, year = {2025}, author = {Prestedge, J and Kaufman, C and Williamson, DA}, title = {Regulation and governance for the implementation and management of point-of-care testing in Australia: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {758}, pmid = {39994584}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {Australia ; Humans ; *Point-of-Care Testing/organization &amp; administration/legislation &amp; jurisprudence/standards ; COVID-19 ; *Clinical Governance ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Point-of-care testing (PoCT) is an increasingly important diagnostic tool in the healthcare system for accessible pathology testing in hospital, primary care, and community care settings. Clear regulation and governance models are important to ensure quality of PoCT results for patient care.<br><br>METHODS: This review aimed to identify existing regulation and guidelines for management of PoCT and how this has been implemented within Australian&#xa0;healthcare services. We conducted a search of academic publications in PubMed and grey literature (national, state, and independent organisations) and other publicly available information from internet searches for governance of PoCT in Australia. Relevant data from these sources were extracted and narratively synthesised.<br><br>RESULTS: Forty-seven sources (17 studies from PubMed, 30 grey literature) were included in the final review.&#xa0;Of the grey literature sources,&#xa0;fifteen&#xa0;current PoCT governance documents comprising of six standards, five guidelines and four frameworks at the international, national and jurisdictional level were included with an increasing number of grey literature sources since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The seventeen included research&#xa0;articles were categorised according to implementation barriers and facilitators with the themes of workforce, clinical governance, PoCT workflow, and cost. An understanding of the clinical and cultural context for PoCT was the most frequently reported facilitator of PoCT, while the most frequently reported barrier was related to inadequate data management.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review demonstrated limited and inconsistent sources on regulatory and governance models for implementing and managing PoCT in Australia.&#xa0;Identified PoCT programs showcased diverse implementation and governance models&#xa0;to support quality PoCT, with few reporting formal accreditation. Streamlined, practical regulation and governance for PoCT may increase adoption across healthcare settings while ensuring quality results and meeting the needs of patients and healthcare practitioners.}, }
@article {pmid39994481, year = {2025}, author = {Locht, C}, title = {Pertussis before, during and after Covid-19.}, journal = {EMBO molecular medicine}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {594-598}, pmid = {39994481}, issn = {1757-4684}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Whooping Cough/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/immunology ; *Pertussis Vaccine/immunology ; Bordetella pertussis/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Vaccination ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {After the Covid-19 pandemic, pertussis has made a spectacular comeback in Europe and many other parts of the world, while during the pandemic it had essentially disappeared because of the social distancing requirements. However, even before the Covid-19 pandemic, the disease was on the rise in many countries, especially those that have replaced whole-cell pertussis vaccines by acellular pertussis vaccines. Several reasons may account for this upsurge, including strain adaptation to escape vaccine-induced immunity, rapid waning of immunity after vaccination and the failure of current vaccines to prevent infection by and transmission of the causative agent Bordetella pertussis. Various strategies have been deployed to control the disease, the most effective of which is maternal vaccination during pregnancy to protect the newborn against the most severe and deadly forms of the disease. However, ultimate control of pertussis likely requires novel vaccines, which prevent infection and transmission, not only disease. One of them is the live attenuated BPZE1 vaccine, which has shown promise in pre-clinical and clinical studies and may therefore perhaps become a gamechanger.}, }
@article {pmid39994461, year = {2025}, author = {Nicol, GE and Adams, DR and Lenze, EJ and Cabassa, LJ}, title = {Shrinking the know-do gap in psychedelic-assisted therapy.}, journal = {Nature human behaviour}, volume = {9}, number = {4}, pages = {665-672}, pmid = {39994461}, issn = {2397-3374}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hallucinogens/therapeutic use ; *Mental Disorders/drug therapy/therapy ; *Psychotherapy/methods ; Implementation Science ; }, abstract = {There is a push to shrink the anticipated 17-year research-to-practice gap for psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT), offering precarious hope to those with disabling mental health conditions. However, numerous questions regarding how PAT works, how well it works, for whom and in what context remain. Substantial changes to current systems of care, including regulatory approvals, clinical training and access will all be required to accommodate PAT, a multimodal therapy that combines pharmacological and psychotherapy components that are not routinely available outside clinical research settings. Implementation science can help to reduce the gap in a way that maintains scientific rigour by simultaneously examining the safety, effectiveness and implementation of PAT. Specifically, precision implementation science methods (for example, sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) designs), hybrid study designs, valid measurement of fidelity and use of theory-based models and frameworks for treatment development will accelerate the process of implementation while balancing safety and quality. The time to proceed, with accelerated caution, is now.}, }
@article {pmid39994154, year = {2025}, author = {Wisniewski, K and Henry, N and Flanagan, AY and Popoola, A and Weaver, N and Iglio, L and Alexandre, C and Myers, D and Tieu, T and Waller, R and Kornfield, SL and Gur, RE and Momplaisir, F and Njoroge, WFM}, title = {Examining the Impact of the Syndemic on Black Birthing Individuals in the USA: a Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {39994154}, issn = {2196-8837}, support = {R01 MH128593/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; MH128593/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created a unique set of challenges within the USA. The combination of the pandemic and long-standing systemic racism has generated greater maternal health disparities in minoritized populations, especially Black birthing individuals, creating a syndemic. This systematic review evaluated studies conducted between March 2020 and December 2024 to examine how Black birthing individuals' lives were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and systemic racism. Studies were included if (1) Black birthing individuals' experiences were examined; (2) these experiences were a focus of the study; (3) they were peer-reviewed, empirical articles; and (4) data was collected after March 2020. Utilizing PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of the published literature up to December 2024 using PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost and examined peer-reviewed articles that met inclusion criteria. Four authors independently screened studies and abstracted data. A total of 843 articles were screened, and from the 50 studies that were included in this paper, two overarching areas were identified: (1) societal-level themes and (2) individual- and interpersonal-level themes. Within these two areas, seven total subthemes were identified: (1a) Restrictions; (1b) Medical Mistrust and Healthcare Discrimination; (1c) Delivery, Birth, and Postpartum Experiences; (1d) Police Brutality and Community Violence; (2a) Health and Well-Being; (2b) Financial, Housing, Food, and Work-Related Challenges; and (2c) Caregiving and Family Relationships. Our findings emphasize the need for research to understand Black birthing individuals' experiences and to use these findings to create comprehensive targeted approaches.}, }
@article {pmid39993991, year = {2025}, author = {Mink, S and Wilhelm, F and Cadamuro, J and Reimann, P and Fraunberger, P}, title = {Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Long-COVID-Markers of Protection or Elevated Risk? A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Reviews in medical virology}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {e70027}, doi = {10.1002/rmv.70027}, pmid = {39993991}, issn = {1099-1654}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/blood ; *Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Biomarkers/blood ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {Long-COVID affects a significant number of COVID-19 survivors, profoundly impacting daily life and work. Although research suggests a potential link between antibody levels and long-COVID risk, findings remain inconclusive. Understanding antibody dynamics could support the identification of patients at risk, improve long-COVID diagnosis, and guide protective strategies such as vaccination. Despite growing evidence, no systematic review has yet evaluated the current literature on this topic. We therefore aimed to synthesise and evaluate existing evidence on the association between anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres and long-COVID, with the goal of clarifying their potential role in predicting long-COVID risk, guiding patient management, and informing future research directions. Studies published in PubMed/Medline databases between January 2020 and October 2024 were included without language restrictions. Studies on body fluids other than serum/blood were excluded. Study selection and quality assessment was conducted independently by two researchers. After screening 949 studies, 58 studies encompassing 53,739 individuals, and 7812 long-COVID patients, were included. Evidence was highly heterogenous but most studies reported an association between anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike antibodies and long-COVID, although the nature of the association appeared to be dependent on time from acute infection. Low anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike antibodies during acute COVID-19 were associated with increased risk of long-COVID. The association between low anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike antibodies during acute COVID-19 and long-COVID suggests that maintaining sufficiently high antibody levels may be protective. However, the current evidence level is low and further studies with sufficient power are required to confirm this association and to potentially determine protective cutoffs.}, }
@article {pmid39993534, year = {2025}, author = {Reitsma, L and Killikelly, C and Müller, H and Larsen, LH and Nijborg, LCJ and Boelen, PA and Lenferink, LIM}, title = {Prevalence and correlates of positive and negative psychological effects of bereavement due to COVID-19: A systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {378}, number = {}, pages = {19-35}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2025.02.078}, pmid = {39993534}, issn = {1573-2517}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Bereavement ; Prevalence ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/psychology ; Grief ; Anxiety/epidemiology/psychology ; Depression/epidemiology/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with an increase in mortality rates globally. Given the high numbers of deaths and the potentially traumatic characteristics of COVID-19 deaths, it was expected that grief-related distress would be higher in COVID-19 bereaved (compared to non-COVID-19 bereaved) people. This systematic review investigates the empirical evidence regarding this claim. More specifically, this review summarizes studies up to December 2024, evaluating the prevalence and correlates of positive and negative psychological effects of COVID-19 bereavement.<br><br>METHODS: Systematic searches were conducted in PsychInfo, Web of Science, and Medline by two independent reviewers. Eligible studies included quantitative research in peer-reviewed articles reporting on positive and/or negative psychological outcomes, using validated measures, in COVID-19 bereaved adults. The primary outcome was prolonged grief symptoms (PG).<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 9918 articles, whereof 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. Rates of psychological outcomes were primarily reported in terms of (early) PG, depression, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and pandemic grief, and varied widely between studies (e.g., PG rates ranged between 30&#xa0;% and 87&#xa0;%). No studies reported on positive psychological outcomes. Closer kinship to the deceased, death unexpectedness, and COVID-19 stressors were identified as correlates of increased psychopathology.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Due to the small number and heterogeneity of studies, knowledge about psychological effects of COVID-19 bereavement is limited. This review offers a synthesis of research evidence to inform clinicians, policy makers, public health professionals, and future research concerned with psychological effects of COVID-19 bereavement.}, }
@article {pmid39992483, year = {2025}, author = {Selya, A and La Rosa, GRM and Spicuzza, L and Morjaria, JB and Caci, G and Polosa, R}, title = {Association between electronic cigarette use and respiratory outcomes among people with no established smoking history: a comprehensive review and critical appraisal.}, journal = {Internal and emergency medicine}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, pages = {667-680}, pmid = {39992483}, issn = {1970-9366}, mesh = {Humans ; *Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Smoking/adverse effects ; *Vaping/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {Nicotine consumption in many countries is shifting away from combustible cigarettes and toward electronic cigarettes (ECs). Understanding the overall population-level impact requires weighing their possible benefits (e.g., for smoking cessation/switching) vs harms (e.g., long-term health risks). However, current evidence on health risks is limited by the absence of long-term data and confounding by prior cigarette smoking history. Focusing on short- to medium-term respiratory outcomes associated with EC use among people who never smoked (PWNS) is informative. We perform a narrative review and critical appraisal of studies examining the prospective association between exclusive EC use and respiratory outcomes among PWNS (either true never-smoking or never-established smoking). We included 12 studies with prospective designs that examine a range of respiratory outcomes subsequent to EC use among PWNS. Eight studies did not find statistically significant differences in respiratory risk associated with baseline EC use. The remaining five studies reported a significant association in at least one analysis, but in four of these studies, associations were not robust across models. Limitations included overreliance on data from the U.S. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health, uncertain directionality (i.e., pre-existing respiratory conditions were not always ruled out), confounding by other combustible tobacco use, and small sample sizes. All but one study lacked clear and statistically significant evidence of self-reported respiratory diagnoses associated with EC use among PWNS, or showed a tenuous association with mild respiratory symptoms. This has favorable implications for ECs' population health impact; however, small sample sizes and statistical biases limit this evidence. A formal systematic review on this topic is forthcoming.}, }
@article {pmid39990674, year = {2025}, author = {Tao, T and Tian, L and Ke, J and Zhang, C and Li, M and Xu, X and Fan, J and Tong, Y and Fan, H}, title = {Antibody-dependent enhancement of coronaviruses.}, journal = {International journal of biological sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {1686-1704}, pmid = {39990674}, issn = {1449-2288}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibody-Dependent Enhancement/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Animals ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic presents a significant challenge to the global health and the world economy, with humanity engaged in an extended struggle against the virus. Notable advancements have been achieved in the development of vaccines and therapeutic interventions, including the application of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and convalescent plasma (CP). While antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) has not been observed in human clinical studies related to SARS-CoV-2, the potential for ADE remains a critical concern and challenge in addressing SARS-CoV-2 infections. Moreover, the causal relationship between ADE and viral characteristics remains to be clearly elucidated. Viruses that present with severe clinical manifestations of ADE have demonstrated the capacity to replicate in macrophages or other immune cells, or to alter the immunological status of these cells, which induces abortive infections characterized by systemic inflammation. In this review, we summarize experimental observations and clinical evidence concerning the ADE effect associated with coronaviruses. We critically examine the potential mechanisms through which coronaviruses mediate ADE, and propose strategies to mitigate this phenomenon in the context of viral infection treatment. Our aim is to offer informed recommendations for the containment of the COVID-19 pandemic and to strengthen the response to SARS-CoV-2, as well as to prepare for potential future coronavirus threats.}, }
@article {pmid39990183, year = {2025}, author = {Łukomska, E and Kloc, K and Kowalska, M and Matjaszek, A and Joshi, K and Scholz, S and Van de Velde, N and Beck, E}, title = {Healthcare Resource Utilization (HCRU) and Direct Medical Costs Associated with Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Conditions: Findings from a Literature Review.}, journal = {Journal of market access &amp; health policy}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {7}, pmid = {39990183}, issn = {2001-6689}, abstract = {Approximately 10-20% of individuals suffering from COVID-19 develop prolonged symptoms known as long COVID or post-COVID condition (LC). This review aimed to assess healthcare resource use (HCRU) and healthcare costs associated with LC. Because LC is not clearly defined and often remains undiagnosed, studies reporting on long-term follow-up of individuals with a COVID-19 diagnosis were also included. Among the 41 publications included, 36 reported on HCRU and 16 on costs. Individuals with LC had significantly elevated HCRU and healthcare costs vs. controls without a COVID-19 diagnosis over ≥15 months, with a 7.6-13.1% increase in total healthcare costs per person per month as assessed by difference-in-difference analysis. Among studies that did not specifically refer to LC, having a COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with a significant 4-10% increase in long-term total HCRU over 6-8 months and a 1.3- to 2.9-fold relative increase in total healthcare costs over 6 months. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, high-quality evidence is needed to better understand the economic burden of LC. In the absence of effective treatments, prioritizing the prevention of acute COVID-19, e.g., through vaccination, may be crucial for preventing LC and the associated long-term HCRU and medical spending.}, }
@article {pmid39989317, year = {2025}, author = {Stone, EC and Okasako-Schmucker, DL and Taliano, J and Schaefer, M and Kuhar, DT}, title = {Risk period for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza: a rapid review.}, journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology}, volume = {46}, number = {3}, pages = {1-9}, pmid = {39989317}, issn = {1559-6834}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Restricting infectious healthcare workers (HCWs) from the workplace is an important infection prevention strategy. The duration of viral shedding or symptoms are often used as proxies for the infectious period in adults but may not accurately estimate it.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk period for transmission among previously healthy adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant (omicron) or influenza A (influenza) by examining the duration of shedding and symptoms, and day of symptom onset in secondary cases of transmission pairs.<br><br>DESIGN: Rapid review.<br><br>METHODS: This rapid review adhered to PRISMA-ScR; five databases were searched. The cumulative daily proportion of participants with an outcome of interest was calculated for each study and summarized.<br><br>RESULTS: Forty-three studies were included. Shedding resolved among &#x2265; 70% of participants by the end of day nine post symptom onset for omicron, and day seven for influenza; and for &#x2265; 90% of participants, by the end of day 10 for omicron and day nine for influenza. Two studies suggested shedding continues > 24 hours post-fever resolution for both viruses. Symptom onset occurred in &#x2265; 80% of secondary cases by the end of day seven post-primary case symptom onset for omicron and day six for influenza.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Omicron shedding is consistent with previous recommendations to exclude infected HCWs from work for 10 days; and influenza follows a similar trend. Earlier symptom onset in most secondary cases for both pathogens indicates that, despite persistent viral shedding, most transmission occurs earlier; and the cumulative serial interval might better approximate the duration of infectiousness.}, }
@article {pmid39989260, year = {2025}, author = {Khorshid Sokhangouy, S and Behzadi, M and Rezaei, S and Farjami, M and Haghshenas, M and Sefidbakht, Y and Mozaffari-Jovin, S}, title = {mRNA Vaccines: Design Principles, Mechanisms, and Manufacturing-Insights From COVID-19 as a Model for Combating Infectious Diseases.}, journal = {Biotechnology journal}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, pages = {e202400596}, doi = {10.1002/biot.202400596}, pmid = {39989260}, issn = {1860-7314}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/genetics ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; mRNA Vaccines/immunology ; *Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; *RNA, Messenger/immunology/genetics ; }, abstract = {The full approval of two SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, Comirnaty and Spikevax, has greatly accelerated the development of numerous mRNA vaccine candidates targeting infectious diseases and cancer. mRNA vaccines provide a rapid, safe, and versatile manufacturing process while eliciting strong humoral and cellular immune responses, making them particularly beneficial for addressing emerging pandemics. Recent advancements in modified nucleotides and lipid nanoparticle delivery systems have further emphasized the potential of this vaccine platform. Despite these transformative opportunities, significant improvements are needed to enhance vaccine efficacy, stability, and immunogenicity. This review outlines the fundamentals of mRNA vaccine design, the manufacturing process, and administration strategies, along with various optimization approaches. It also offers a comprehensive overview of the mRNA vaccine candidates developed since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenges posed by emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, and current strategies to address these variants. Finally, we discuss the potential of broad-spectrum and combined mRNA vaccines and examine the challenges and future prospects of the mRNA vaccine platform.}, }
@article {pmid39989030, year = {2025}, author = {Hooi, YT and Fu, TL and Tan, SH and Ong, KC and Tan, CY and Wong, KT}, title = {Neuroinvasion via Peripheral Nerves in Epidemic Viral Encephalitis Caused by Enterovirus, Orthoflavivirus and SARS-Coronavirus.}, journal = {Neuropathology and applied neurobiology}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {e70005}, doi = {10.1111/nan.70005}, pmid = {39989030}, issn = {1365-2990}, support = {//Malaysian Government/ ; FRGS/1/2020/SKK0/UM/01/6//Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)/ ; 36-02-03-6010//Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE)/ ; H20001-E00004//Ministry of Higher Education high-impact research grant/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Encephalitis, Viral/virology/pathology ; *Peripheral Nerves/virology/pathology ; *Enterovirus Infections ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Enterovirus ; Animals ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; }, abstract = {Pathogens invade the central nervous system (CNS) and cause infections either through the haematogenous route or via peripheral nerves. Neuroinvasion via peripheral nerves, involving spinal or cranial somatic nerves, is well-established for certain viral encephalitides such as rabies, herpes simplex encephalitis, and poliomyelitis. Advances in understanding emerging and re-emerging viruses that cause epidemic CNS infections have highlighted the growing importance of peripheral nerve pathways in viral neuroinvasion. This review focuses on epidemic viral encephalitides caused by three groups of RNA viruses, viz., enteroviruses (enterovirus A71 and enterovirus D68), orthoflaviviruses (West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (mainly severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2). We examine evidence supporting the hypothesis that peripheral nerve viral transmission may play an increasingly significant if not more critical role than the haematogenous route in neuroinvasion.}, }
@article {pmid39988458, year = {2025}, author = {Hrymak, CS and Labib, A and Akkanti, B and Antonini, MV and Bruggeman, B and Griffee, MJ and Heinsar, S and Jacobs, JP and Larzelere, M and Naoum, E and O'Neil, E and Roussos-Ross, D and Zaaqoq, AM and Peek, GJ and Arora, RC}, title = {ECMO for the pregnant and peripartum patient: A practical review of indications, unique management considerations, and an approach framework.}, journal = {Perfusion}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {2676591251321070}, doi = {10.1177/02676591251321070}, pmid = {39988458}, issn = {1477-111X}, abstract = {The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to support the pregnant patient and fetus requires a complex decision-making process. Peripartum ECMO requires coordinated and informed decision-making between an interdisciplinary team of experts, incorporating the unique considerations and, at times, competing physiologic priorities of the pregnant patient. It is often confounded by a scarcity of local relevant experience engendered by its rare occurrence. No event has made the need for an organized approach to the utilization of ECMO in pregnant patients more pressing than the COVID pandemic. The conditions affecting pregnant patients that warrant ECMO consideration are high stakes and, at times, ethically challenging, although outcomes are favourable compared to the general population. This review provides background information and context, followed by a practical approach to the care and specific medical management of patients who are facing life-threatening conditions warranting ECMO while pregnant.}, }
@article {pmid39987939, year = {2025}, author = {van der Ende, J and Dávila Campos, V and Grobusch, MP and Hanscheid, T}, title = {The dubious case of Urbanorum: a call to strengthen global pathogen verification mechanisms.}, journal = {The Lancet. Microbe}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {101043}, doi = {10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101043}, pmid = {39987939}, issn = {2666-5247}, abstract = {The detection and validation of novel pathogens have become increasingly important, as seen with the emergence of COVID-19 and mpox. Current detection and response capacities, especially in resource-poor regions, are insufficient, highlighting the key role of clinical laboratories. Despite the strides made by national and supranational agencies in targeting viruses and bacteria, parasites have been largely overlooked. The case of Urbanorum, a purportedly novel intestinal parasite reported from South America, illustrates the challenges in validating new pathogens. Compelling microscopic images have fostered belief in the existence and aetiological role of Urbanorum, posing grave challenges for health-care workers with poor parasitological knowledge, who might accept such results at face value and administer unnecessary treatments to affected individuals. Although the number of publications is scarce, these sources present a seemingly credible narrative that spreads through local social media. However, doubts about the existence of Urbanorum persist due to the absence of genetic and molecular analyses and inconsistencies in epidemiological data. This situation exemplifies the need for robust global pathogen verification mechanisms and authoritative guidance from organisations such as the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and WHO to prevent misinformation and aid clinical judgement. A Latin American regional CDC could be instrumental in verifying claims of novel pathogens and providing credible guidance at both local and global levels. This Personal View emphasises the urgent need for enhanced global coordination, improved diagnostic methodologies, and reliable information dissemination to effectively manage threats regarding emerging pathogens.}, }
@article {pmid39987697, year = {2025}, author = {Asim, MN and Asif, T and Mehmood, F and Dengel, A}, title = {Peptide classification landscape: An in-depth systematic literature review on peptide types, databases, datasets, predictors architectures and performance.}, journal = {Computers in biology and medicine}, volume = {188}, number = {}, pages = {109821}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.109821}, pmid = {39987697}, issn = {1879-0534}, mesh = {*Peptides/classification/chemistry ; Humans ; *Databases, Protein ; *Artificial Intelligence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Computational Biology ; Machine Learning ; }, abstract = {Peptides are gaining significant attention in diverse fields such as the pharmaceutical market has seen a steady rise in peptide-based therapeutics over the past six decades. Peptides have been utilized in the development of distinct applications including inhibitors of SARS-COV-2 and treatments for conditions like cancer and diabetes. Distinct types of peptides possess unique characteristics, and development of peptide-specific applications require the discrimination of one peptide type from others. To the best of our knowledge, approximately 230 Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven applications have been developed for 22 distinct types of peptides, yet there remains significant room for development of new predictors. A Comprehensive review addresses the critical gap by providing a consolidated platform for the development of AI-driven peptide classification applications. This paper offers several key contributions, including presenting the biological foundations of 22 unique peptide types and categorizes them into four main classes: Regulatory, Therapeutic, Nutritional, and Delivery Peptides. It offers an in-depth overview of 47 databases that have been used to develop peptide classification benchmark datasets. It summarizes details of 288 benchmark datasets that are used in development of diverse types AI-driven peptide classification applications. It provides a detailed summary of 197 sequence representation learning methods and 94 classifiers that have been used to develop 230 distinct AI-driven peptide classification applications. Across 22 distinct types peptide classification tasks related to 288 benchmark datasets, it demonstrates performance values of 230 AI-driven peptide classification applications. It summarizes experimental settings and various evaluation measures that have been employed to assess the performance of AI-driven peptide classification applications. The primary focus of this manuscript is to consolidate scattered information into a single comprehensive platform. This resource will greatly assist researchers who are interested in developing new AI-driven peptide classification applications.}, }
@article {pmid39986580, year = {2025}, author = {Hewison, M}, title = {COVID-19 and our understanding of vitamin D and immune function.}, journal = {The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology}, volume = {249}, number = {}, pages = {106710}, doi = {10.1016/j.jsbmb.2025.106710}, pmid = {39986580}, issn = {1879-1220}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vitamin D/immunology/therapeutic use/metabolism ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vitamin D Deficiency/immunology ; Dietary Supplements ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Vitamins ; Pandemics ; Animals ; }, abstract = {The interaction between vitamin D and the immune system is perhaps the most well recognised extraskeletal facet of vitamin D, encompassing early studies of therapy for TB and leprosy through to more recent links with autoimmune disease. However, the spotlight on vitamin D and immune function has been particularly intense in the last five years following the COVID-19 pandemic. This was due, in part, to the many association studies of vitamin D status and COVID-19 infection and disease prognosis, as well as the smaller number of clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation. However, a potential role for vitamin D in COVID-19 also stemmed from the basic biology of vitamin D that provides a plausible mechanistic rationale for beneficial effects of vitamin D for improved immune health in the setting of respiratory infection. The aim of this review is to summarise the different strands of mechanistic evidence supporting a beneficial effect of vitamin D in COVID-19, how this was modified during the pandemic itself, and the potential new aspects of vitamin D and immune function that are likely to arise in the near future. Key topics that feature in this review are: antibacterial versus antiviral innate immune responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D); the function of immune 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) activity and metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) beyond antigen-presenting cells; advances in immune cell target gene responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (notably changes in metabolic profile). Whilst much of the interest during the COVID-19 era has focused on vitamin D and public health, the continued evolution of our understanding of how vitamin D interacts with different components of the immune system continues to support a beneficial role for vitamin D in immune health.}, }
@article {pmid39986548, year = {2025}, author = {Yasmin, S and Ansari, MY}, title = {A detailed examination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Covering past and future perspectives.}, journal = {Microbial pathogenesis}, volume = {203}, number = {}, pages = {107398}, doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107398}, pmid = {39986548}, issn = {1096-1208}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology ; *Drug Repositioning ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/pathogenicity ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 disease has spread rapidly across the world within just six months, affecting 169 million people and causing 3.5 million deaths globally (2021). The most affected countries include the USA, Brazil, India, and several European countries such as the UK and Russia. Healthcare professionals face new challenges in finding better ways to manage patients and save lives. In this regard, more comprehensive research is needed, including genomic and proteomic studies, personalized medicines and the design of suitable treatments. However, finding novel molecular entities (NME) using a standard or de novo strategy to drug development is a time-consuming and costly process. Another alternate strategy is discovering new therapeutic uses for old/existing/available medications, known as drug repurposing. There are a variety of computational repurposing methodologies, and some of them have been used to counter the coronavirus disease pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19). This review article compiles recently published data on the origin, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of the coronavirus by drug repurposing and vaccine development approach. We have attempted to screen probable drugs in clinical trials by using literature survey. This systematic review aims to create priorities for future research of drugs repurposed and vaccine development for COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39985290, year = {2025}, author = {Chalmers, H}, title = {A commentary on Zuniga-Montanez and Davies et al.: how did COVID-19 affect young children's language environment and language development? A scoping review.}, journal = {Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines}, volume = {66}, number = {4}, pages = {602-605}, pmid = {39985290}, issn = {1469-7610}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Child ; *Language Development ; *Multilingualism ; Child, Preschool ; }, abstract = {It was early 2020, a week or two into Hilary Term, what everyone else calls Spring Term, but we at Oxford love our arcane traditions. I recall one of my graduate students, from China, coming to me ashen-faced at the end one of my lectures on the effects of bilingualism on the linguistic and cognitive development of young learners. "Please be careful," she said. "Have you heard about the disease. It's really scary. Please look after your family." Over the preceding Christmas break, news had started to filter through about a new form of flu that had spread rapidly from Wuhan in Eastern China to other parts of the country and was now starting to emerge in other parts of the world. We were starting to see desperate images of enforced quarantine, coerced separation of infected individuals from their loved ones, the rapid construction of temporary hospitals to house the unwell, and of course, school closures. It didn't look good. But I had seen similar outbreaks in the past. I had been working in Southeast Asia during the avian flu epidemic of 2003-04, and I was still there when swine flu broke out in 2009. Both were worrying, but neither had come to anything that could be classified as universally threatening. The school where I worked sent colleagues and children to be tested at the first sign of a tickly throat or stuffy nose, and a strict and regular cleaning and hand sanitising regime was implemented.}, }
@article {pmid39984803, year = {2025}, author = {Ivlev, I and Wagner, J and Phillips, T and Treadwell, JR}, title = {Interventions for Long COVID: A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Journal of general internal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {39984803}, issn = {1525-1497}, support = {MSA-SOW#05-ECRI-ENG-11-07-2022/PCORI/Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute/United States ; }, abstract = {Long COVID continues to impose a significant burden on COVID-19 survivors, presenting with diverse symptoms and clinical uncertainty. This review synthesized evidence from 97 studies, including 26 randomized controlled trials and 15 non-randomized comparative studies, which explored the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and potential risks of proposed interventions for managing common long COVID symptoms: fatigue, neurocognitive symptoms, anxiety, depression, and sleep issues. Our comprehensive analysis, encompassing English-language articles, gray literature, and feedback from 14 Key Informants (i.e., patients, caregivers, clinicians, payors, and researchers), reveals a persistently weak body of evidence, characterized by high imprecision and considerable uncertainty regarding the benefits and harms of the interventions. The studies examined a wide array of treatment categories, including multi-component rehabilitation, supplements, complementary treatments, prescription medications, and the COVID-19 vaccine. Key informants emphasized the critical need for establishing robust diagnostic criteria and utilizing functional outcomes while also highlighting significant barriers to care, including dismissive attitudes from healthcare providers, inadequate insurance coverage, and restricted access to specialty care. Given the evolving definitions of long COVID and the variable mechanisms of its management, our findings underscore the pressing need for further rigorous research to refine and validate effective treatment protocols. Until more definitive evidence is available, both clinicians and patients face substantial uncertainty in treatment decisions, with many resorting to self-treatment using costly and potentially ineffective options.}, }
@article {pmid39983851, year = {2025}, author = {Aja, PM and Agu, PC and Ogbu, C and Alum, EU and Fasogbon, IV and Musyoka, AM and Ngwueche, W and Egwu, CO and Tusubira, D and Ross, K}, title = {RNA research for drug discovery: Recent advances and critical insight.}, journal = {Gene}, volume = {947}, number = {}, pages = {149342}, doi = {10.1016/j.gene.2025.149342}, pmid = {39983851}, issn = {1879-0038}, mesh = {Humans ; *Drug Discovery/methods ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; RNA Interference ; *RNA/genetics/therapeutic use ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/therapeutic use ; Animals ; }, abstract = {The field of RNA research has experienced significant changes and is now at the forefront of contemporary drug development. This narrative overview explores the scientific developments and historical turning points in RNA research, emphasising the field's critical significance in the development of novel therapeutics. Important discoveries like antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), mRNA therapies, and RNA interference (RNAi) have created novel treatment options that can be targeted, such as the ground-breaking mRNA vaccinations against COVID-19. Advances in high-throughput sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, and epitranscriptomics have further unravelled the complexity of RNA biology, shedding light on the intricacies of gene regulation and cellular diversity. The integration of computational tools and bioinformatics has propelled the identification of RNA-based biomarkers and the development of RNA therapeutics. Despite significant progress, challenges such as RNA stability, delivery, and off-target effects persist, necessitating continuous innovation and ethical considerations. This review provides a critical insight into the current state and prospects of RNA research, emphasising its transformative potential in drug discovery. By examining the interplay between technological advancements and therapeutic applications, we underscore the promising horizon for RNA-based interventions in treating a myriad of diseases, marking a new era in precision medicine.}, }
@article {pmid39983449, year = {2025}, author = {Hills, FR and Geoghegan, JL and Bostina, M}, title = {Architects of infection: A structural overview of SARS-related coronavirus spike glycoproteins.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {604}, number = {}, pages = {110383}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2024.110383}, pmid = {39983449}, issn = {1096-0341}, mesh = {*Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Animals ; *Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Virus Internalization ; COVID-19 ; *Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Host Specificity ; }, abstract = {The frequency of zoonotic viral emergence within the Coronaviridae family highlights the critical need to understand the structural features of spike proteins that govern viral entry and host adaptation. Investigating the structural conservation and variation in key regions of the spike protein-those involved in host range, binding affinity, viral entry, and immune evasion-is essential for predicting the evolutionary pathways of coronaviruses, assessing the risk of future host-jumping events, and discovering pan-neutralising antibodies. Here we summarise our current structural understanding of the spike proteins similar to SARS-CoV-2 from the Coronaviridae family and compare key functional similarities and differences. Our aim is to demonstrate the significant structural and sequence conservation between spike proteins from a range of host species and to outline the importance of animal coronavirus surveillance and structural investigation in our endeavour for pandemic preparedness against emerging viruses.}, }
@article {pmid39983040, year = {2025}, author = {Jafari, Z and Kolb, BE and Aiken, S and Wilson, S}, title = {Updates on Auditory Outcomes of COVID-19 and Vaccine Side Effects: An Umbrella Review.}, journal = {Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR}, volume = {68}, number = {3}, pages = {1311-1332}, doi = {10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00438}, pmid = {39983040}, issn = {1558-9102}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/complications ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Female ; *Hearing Loss/etiology ; Pregnancy ; Infant ; Adult ; *Vaccination/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: This umbrella review synthesizes and discusses systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) on auditory outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccination side effects. It is innovative in offering a comprehensive synthesis of evidence across adults and infants while summarizing vaccine-related auditory side effects.<br><br>METHOD: This literature search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, with no restrictions on population age or symptom severity. Four electronic databases were searched from their inception to October 2024. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 checklist and Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews tool were used to assess the quality of evidence and the risk of bias.<br><br>RESULTS: The systematic search identified 534 articles, narrowed down to 14 SRs following a full-text review: Nine focused on auditory outcomes of COVID-19; two, on outcomes in infants born to mothers infected during pregnancy; and three, on the auditory side effects of vaccination. A random-effects model revealed significantly high pooled estimates of hearing loss (5.0%, 95% CI [1.0, 9.0], p < .012, three MAs, N = 21,932) and tinnitus (13.5%, 95% CI [5.9, 21.1], p &#x2264; .001, four MAs, N = 36,236) in adults. However, current evidence in nonhospitalized patients indicates that auditory symptoms often improve after recovery. Studies also show a low rate of hearing loss in infants whose mothers contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy. Similarly, whereas COVID-19 vaccination has been linked to hearing loss and tinnitus, these effects are rare, and most patients experience improvement within weeks to months.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Evidence suggests a significantly high rate of hearing loss and tinnitus associated with COVID-19 in adults, although auditory symptoms remain rare in newborns and following vaccination. However, caution is warranted due to limitations and variability across the studies.}, }
@article {pmid39981885, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, Y and Chen, H and Li, Y and Luo, C and Zhu, Y and Zhou, X and Wang, R and He, J and Guo, H and Xu, X and Qiu, M and Li, J}, title = {Animal Models for Long COVID: Current Advances, Limitations, and Future Directions.}, journal = {Journal of medical virology}, volume = {97}, number = {2}, pages = {e70237}, doi = {10.1002/jmv.70237}, pmid = {39981885}, issn = {1096-9071}, mesh = {Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *COVID-19/pathology/virology/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mice ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Mesocricetus ; Cricetinae ; Primates ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; }, abstract = {Long COVID (LC) represents a chronic, systemic, and often disabling condition that poses a significant ongoing threat to public health. Foundational scientific studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms, with the ultimate goal of developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for animal models that can accurately replicate the clinical features of LC. This review integrates clinical epidemiological data to summarize the pathological changes in extrapulmonary systems involved in LC. Additionally, it critically examines the capacity of existing animal models, including nonhuman primates, genetically modified mice, and Syrian hamsters, to exhibit enduring postinfection symptoms that align with human clinical manifestations, and identifies key areas requiring further development. The objective is to offer insights that will aid in the development of next-generation animal models, thereby accelerating our understanding of how acute respiratory viral infections transition into chronic conditions, and ensuring preparedness for future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid39981620, year = {2025}, author = {Chang, HF and Maimaitiaili, N and Huo, JF and Sun, ZL}, title = {Clinical and pathological characteristics of pulmonary meningioma: a case report and literature review.}, journal = {The Journal of international medical research}, volume = {53}, number = {2}, pages = {3000605241293675}, pmid = {39981620}, issn = {1473-2300}, mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Meningioma/pathology/surgery/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; *Lung Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; *Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/diagnostic imaging ; }, abstract = {This case report aimed to examine the clinical pathological characteristics, immunohistochemical phenotype, and differential diagnosis of primary pulmonary meningioma (PM), which is a rare tumor. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data, imaging manifestations, histological features, immunohistochemical results, and in situ hybridization results of a 60-year-old male patient who underwent surgical resection and was diagnosed with PM by pathology. Additionally, the relevant literature was reviewed. Multiple nodules were detected in the right lung of the patient during a re-examination because of a novel coronavirus infection but there were no obvious clinical symptoms. Imaging revealed well-defined masses in the upper, middle, and lower lobes of the right lung, and the masses were surgically removed. Microscopy showed that the boundary between the tumor and surrounding lung tissue was clear, and consisted of spindle cells and epithelioid cells. The final diagnosis was multiple grade II meningiomas of the right lung. No postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy was performed. There was no recurrence or metastasis during a 6-month follow-up. Pulmonary metastatic meningioma is rare, while primary PM is even rarer. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment method for PM, with a generally good prognosis, but a few malignant manifestations may require close follow-up.}, }
@article {pmid39980948, year = {2025}, author = {Monte, O and Yousef, A and Watson, D}, title = {A Systematic Review of Virtual Subinternships in Surgical Education: Impact on Curriculum Delivery and Learner Outcomes.}, journal = {Journal of graduate medical education}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {38-47}, pmid = {39980948}, issn = {1949-8357}, support = {R25 DC020173/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Curriculum ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Education, Distance/methods ; *General Surgery/education ; *Internship and Residency ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Background The COVID-19 pandemic forced an abrupt reevaluation of traditional subinternship models in surgical education, with the adoption of virtual subinternships (VSIs) emerging as a prominent response. This review assesses VSIs as a cost-effective, equitable alternative, especially as virtual education continues since the end of the Federal COVID-19 Public Health Emergency and may be crucial in future crises. Objective Our research question asks how curriculum delivery, learner outcomes, and interpretation of program fit occur within the VSI model. Methods A thorough systematic review was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, and spanning publications in English from January 2020 to June 2023. Studies were selected based on review of VSI curriculum content, delivery formats, evaluation techniques, and student outcomes. Exclusion criteria encompassed non-original research or articles lacking comprehensive curriculum descriptions and associated outcomes. We assessed bias in study selection through independent double review and synthesized findings using thematic analysis. Results Of 1436 articles, 13 met the inclusion criteria. They encompassed a range of surgical fields and highlighted the diverse approaches to VSI implementation. Key themes included the integration of interactive learning sessions, balance between imparting knowledge and program familiarization, and mixed methods of program evaluation. Despite high student satisfaction reported, faculty feedback indicated it was difficult to provide an evaluation of student skills in this context and more challenging to assess students' fit for residency programs. Conclusions VSIs were effective in delivering curriculum and engaging learners, highlighting diverse implementation approach challenges in assessing student skills and program fit.}, }
@article {pmid39980933, year = {2025}, author = {Marron, L and Gilroy, J and Williams, M and Parlour, R and Boland, M}, title = {A narrative literature review to inform the development of a health threats preparedness framework in Ireland.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1490850}, pmid = {39980933}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Ireland/epidemiology ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Public Health ; *Civil Defense/organization &amp; administration ; *Disaster Planning/organization &amp; administration ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Public health emergency preparedness requires capacities and capabilities to respond to a diverse range of health threats. A key objective of Ireland's recent Health Protection Strategy is to enable preparedness, prevention, early detection and optimal response to health threats from all-hazards. We aimed to identify priority areas for inclusion in an evidence-based health threats preparedness framework, using lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, to inform a national health threats strategy and a strengthened emerging health threats function for Ireland.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a narrative literature review to inform the health threats preparedness framework development. We carried out literature searches in two phases, from 2017 to 2022, followed by an updated search covering 2022-2024, to ensure all relevant, recent literature was captured. We used a data extraction tool to collate priority areas reported.<br><br>RESULTS: Overarching priorities for health threats preparedness are rapid decision-making, an outcomes-based, and ethical approach. Health threats preparedness should include a risk-based, all-hazards, One Health approach, aligned with legislation. Multisectoral partnerships, collaboration and communication nationally and internationally are key, alongside clear governance structures and monitoring and evaluation. Adequate resources are required to operationalize effective and sustainable preparedness. Public health leadership must be to the fore.<br><br>CONCLUSION: An effective health threats preparedness approach is legislatively mandated for European Member States. This evidence review highlights priority areas for a comprehensive health threats preparedness framework. This framework supports the development of a strengthened emerging health threats function in Ireland and may inform other Member States' preparedness.}, }
@article {pmid39979191, year = {2025}, author = {Pederson, T and Tainter, CK and Self, M and Ghobrial, M and Sloane, C and Mergen, S and Kennis, B and Aminlari, A and McGuire, WC and Wardi, G}, title = {Controversies in the Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in the Emergency Department.}, journal = {The Journal of emergency medicine}, volume = {71}, number = {}, pages = {31-43}, doi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.10.003}, pmid = {39979191}, issn = {0736-4679}, support = {K23 GM146092/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis/therapy ; Emergency Service, Hospital/organization &amp; administration ; COVID-19/complications ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Acute Disease ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is frequently diagnosed in the Emergency Department (ED), and the management approach can be nuanced.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: In this narrative review, we synthesize the literature in selected areas of ongoing controversy regarding the diagnostic and management approaches for acute PE in the ED, and provide evidence-based recommendations to empower emergency physicians (EPs) to provide optimal care in these situations.<br><br>DISCUSSION: d-Dimer is used to clinically exclude the diagnosis of PE patients who are stratified as low risk. However by utilizing likelihood ratio and with certain scoring tools, patient historically considered moderate or high risk for PE may safely be able to have the diagnosis excluded with a negative d-dimer. Traditional risk stratification and management strategies can be cautiously applied to patients with concomitant Coronavirus-19 infection while awaiting more definitive studies. There is an increasing trend in the diagnosis of isolated subsegmental PE, and many patients receiving this diagnosis may be treated without anticoagulation provided that they have no evidence of associated deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and can be closely followed as an outpatient. There is a persistent hesitancy to discharge patients with newly diagnosed acute PE, and existing well-supported risk stratification tools and clinical decision frameworks can support the EP's decision to safely discharge low-risk patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: tThis review of the literature empowers emergency clinicians to manage challenging PE cases in the ED.}, }
@article {pmid39979093, year = {2025}, author = {Zhou, J and Qin, CF}, title = {[The molecular mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection: new insights from current research].}, journal = {Zhonghua er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery}, volume = {60}, number = {2}, pages = {107-112}, doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20240430-00253}, pmid = {39979093}, issn = {1673-0860}, support = {82350801, 32130005//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Olfaction Disorders/etiology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Olfactory Mucosa/immunology ; }, }
@article {pmid39978957, year = {2025}, author = {Rai, M and Feitosa, CM and Ingle, AP and Golinska, P}, title = {Harnessing bioactive nanocurcumin and curcumin nanocomposites to combat microbial pathogens: a comprehensive review.}, journal = {Critical reviews in biotechnology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-23}, doi = {10.1080/07388551.2025.2458006}, pmid = {39978957}, issn = {1549-7801}, abstract = {The alarming rise in bacterial infections including those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens has garnered the attention of the scientific community, compelling them to explore as novel and effective alternatives to combat these infections. Moreover, the emerging viruses such as Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Ebolavirus, recent coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), etc. also has a significant impact all over the world. Therefore, the management of all such infections without any side effects is one of the most important challenges for the scientific community. Hence, the development of novel and effective antimicrobial agents is a need of the hour. In this context, Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric, has been used as traditional medicine for centuries to manage and treat such infections. Its bioactive constituent, curcumin has garnered significant attention in medicine due to its multifunctional bioactivities. Apart from antimicrobial properties, it also possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, available reports suggest that its low solubility, stability, and biocompatibility limit its use. Moreover, on the other hand, it has been reported that these limitations associated with the use of curcumin can be resolved by transforming it into its nano-form, specifically curcumin nanoparticles. Recent advancements have brought curcumin nanoparticles into the spotlight, showcasing superior properties and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial applications. In this review, we have mainly focused on antimicrobial potential of curcumin and nanocurcumin, mechanisms underpinning their antimicrobial actions. Moreover, other aspects of toxicity and safety guidelines for nano-based products have been also discussed.}, }
@article {pmid39978728, year = {2025}, author = {McCarthy, M and Cain, KS and Meyer, SC and Montez, K and Palakshappa, D and Brown, CL}, title = {Association of Food Insecurity with Mental Health Outcomes in Parents and Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Academic pediatrics}, volume = {25}, number = {4}, pages = {102804}, doi = {10.1016/j.acap.2025.102804}, pmid = {39978728}, issn = {1876-2867}, }
@article {pmid39978687, year = {2025}, author = {Keskitalo, S and Seppänen, MRJ and Del Sol, A and Varjosalo, M}, title = {From rare to more common: The emerging role of omics in improving understanding and treatment of severe inflammatory and hyperinflammatory conditions.}, journal = {The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology}, volume = {155}, number = {5}, pages = {1435-1450}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2025.02.011}, pmid = {39978687}, issn = {1097-6825}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/therapy ; Proteomics ; Metabolomics ; *Genomics ; *Inflammation/therapy/diagnosis/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Precision Medicine ; Cytokine Release Syndrome ; }, abstract = {Inflammation is a pathogenic driver of many diseases, including atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Hyperinflammation can be seen as any inflammatory response that is deleterious to the host, regardless of cause. In medicine, hyperinflammation is defined as severe, deleterious, and fluctuating systemic or local inflammation with presence of a cytokine storm. It has been associated with rare autoinflammatory disorders. However, advances in omics technologies, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have revealed it to be more common, occurring in sepsis and severe coronavirus disease 2019. With a focus on proteomics, this review highlights the key role of omics in this shift. Through an exploration of research, we present how omics technologies have contributed to improved diagnostics, prognostics, and targeted therapeutics in the field of hyperinflammation. We also discuss the integration of advanced technologies, multiomics approaches, and artificial intelligence in analyzing complex datasets to develop targeted therapies, and we address their potential for revolutionizing the clinical aspects of hyperinflammation. We emphasize personalized medicine approaches for effective treatments and outline challenges, including the need for standardized methodologies, robust bioinformatics tools, and ethical considerations regarding data privacy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms underpinning hyperinflammation and underscores the potential of omics technologies in enabling successful clinical management.}, }
@article {pmid39978545, year = {2025}, author = {Ma, KS and Shen, CH and Chiang, MH and Blumenthal, KG and Chen, ST}, title = {Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions Following Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {1057-1067}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaip.2025.02.006}, pmid = {39978545}, issn = {2213-2201}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination/adverse effects ; *Drug Eruptions/epidemiology/etiology ; Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis/epidemiology ; *Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/epidemiology ; Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Incidence ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: An increasing number of vaccine-related severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) have been reported in the literature.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To provide comprehensive information on the clinical spectrum of vaccine-associated SCARs.<br><br>METHODS: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports, case series, cohort studies, case-control studies, and post-market surveillance data on SCARs following vaccination. Data were extracted on demographic information, vaccine types, past medical history, medication use, and SCAR types, manifestations, management, and prognosis. The SCARs examined included acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), and generalized bullous fixed drug eruptions.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 255 cases of SCARs following vaccination were identified. Of these, 231 (91%) were classified as SJS/TEN. The pooled incidence of SCARs following vaccination was 1.676 per million (95% confidence interval&#xa0;= 0.136-20.668; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;97%). The most frequently implicated vaccines were H1N1 vaccines (n&#xa0;= 52), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines (n&#xa0;= 38, of which 23 [61%] were mRNA vaccines), and influenza vaccines (n&#xa0;= 33). Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms were most frequently reported with COVID-19 vaccines, particularly mRNA vaccines (57.1% [4 of 7] and 83.3% [5 of 6], respectively) and viral vector vaccines (28.6% [2 of 7] and 16.7% [1 of 6], respectively). No SCARs were reported for protein-based COVID-19 vaccines. Six cases of fatal SJS/TEN were identified, including 2 cases associated with the COVID-19 vaccine.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: SCARs following vaccination are extremely rare, with SJS/TEN comprising the majority of reported cases. The most frequently suspected vaccine culprits include H1N1, influenza, varicella, and COVID-19 vaccines, particularly mRNA vaccines. However, concurrent medication use may confound the attribution of SCARs to vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid39977668, year = {2025}, author = {Tang, X and Sun, S and Memedi, M and Hiyoshi, A and Montgomery, S and Cao, Y}, title = {Cost-effectiveness of preventive COVID-19 interventions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of comparative economic evaluation studies based on real-world data.}, journal = {Journal of global health}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {04017}, pmid = {39977668}, issn = {2047-2986}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/economics ; *Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Network Meta-Analysis as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness and utility of various preventive interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of various COVID-19 preventive interventions, including non-medical interventions (NMIs) and vaccination programs, using real-world data across different demographic and socioeconomic contexts worldwide.<br><br>METHODS: We searched Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection from December 2019 to March 2024. We identified 75 studies which compared 34 COVID-19 preventive interventions. We conducted a network meta-analysis to assess the incremental net benefits (INB) of these interventions from both societal and health care system perspectives. We adjusted purchasing power parity (PPP) and standardised willingness to pay (WTP) to enhance the comparability of cost-effectiveness across different economic levels. We performed sensitivity and subgroup analyses to examine the robustness of the results.<br><br>RESULTS: Movement restrictions and expanding testing emerged as the most cost-effective strategies from a societal perspective, with WTP-standardised INB values of USD 21&#x2009;050 and USD 11&#x2009;144. In contrast, combinations of NMIs with vaccination were less cost-effective, particularly in high-income regions. From a health care system perspective, vaccination plus distancing and test, trace, and isolate strategy were highly cost-effective, while masking requirements were less economically viable. The effectiveness of interventions varied significantly across different economic contexts, underlining the necessity for region-specific strategies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we highlight significant variations in the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 preventive interventions. Tailoring strategies to specific regional economic and infrastructural conditions is crucial. Continuous evaluation and adaptation of these strategies are essential for effective management of ongoing and future public health threats.<br><br>REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42023385169.}, }
@article {pmid39977035, year = {2024}, author = {Cabieses, B and Blukacz, A and Rada, I and Obach, A and Carreño, A and Mezones-Holguín, E}, title = {[Not Available].}, journal = {Salud publica de Mexico}, volume = {66}, number = {2, mar-abr}, pages = {191-197}, doi = {10.21149/15329}, pmid = {39977035}, issn = {1606-7916}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Chile/epidemiology ; *Transients and Migrants ; Health Services Accessibility ; Social Determinants of Health ; *Pandemics ; Self Care ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {OBJETIVO: Indagar sobre los principales desafíos reportados en el marco de la emergencia sanitaria de SARS-CoV-2 según la evidencia científica disponible a la fecha en esta materia en Chile. Material y métodos. Revisión de alcance con base en tres búsquedas en Web of Science, PubMed y Google Scholar de publicaciones en inglés y español publicadas entre 2020 y 2023.<br><br>RESULTADOS: Se identificaron tres &#xe1;reas clave: desaf&#xed;os de acceso y uso efectivo del sistema de salud, desaf&#xed;os m&#xe1;s all&#xe1; del sistema de salud, incluyendo aquellas relaciones con determinantes sociales de la salud, autocuidado e informaci&#xf3;n y, finalmente, desaf&#xed;os de integraci&#xf3;n de los enfoques de interculturalidad, g&#xe9;nero y cooperaci&#xf3;n internacional.<br><br>CONCLUSIONES: Se evidencian oportunidades de mejorar el abordaje de la salud de personas migrantes internacionales en Chile a ra&#xed;z de la pandemia por Covid-19, de cara a futuras crisis sanitarias y para reducir brechas e inequidades que impactan la salud poblacional.}, }
@article {pmid39976870, year = {2025}, author = {Gispen, F and Marks, KM}, title = {Update on Vaccination Recommendations for Adults with HIV.}, journal = {Current HIV/AIDS reports}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {17}, pmid = {39976870}, issn = {1548-3576}, support = {T32 A107613//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *HIV Infections/immunology/complications ; *Vaccination ; Adult ; *Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Vaccination recommendations for people with HIV (PWH) differ from the general population given potential for diminished immune responses as well as increased risk for infection or more severe disease. This review highlights updated vaccine recommendations, summarizes available data informing use of vaccines, and identifies areas in need of additional study for adults with HIV.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Vaccine recommendations differ for PWH in terms of timing, dosing, and need to check for serological response. New vaccines are available and recommended for PWH for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), COVID-19, mpox, and hepatitis B virus (HBV). People with HIV experience persistent immune dysfunction, characterized by chronic immune activation and increased susceptibility to certain infections. To optimize potential of vaccines to reduce infection and infection-associated malignancies in PWH, strategies to improve vaccine responses and reduce vaccine hesitancy are necessary. While newer adjuvants show promise in enhancing immunogenicity, key questions remain regarding the durability of vaccine-induced protection and the ideal timing and necessity of booster doses for many vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid39976365, year = {2025}, author = {Mura, M and Trignol, A and Le Dault, E and Tournier, JN}, title = {Lessons for medical countermeasure development from unforeseen outbreaks.}, journal = {Emerging microbes &amp; infections}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {2471035}, pmid = {39976365}, issn = {2222-1751}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; *Pneumonia, Viral/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/drug therapy ; Viral Vaccines/immunology ; *Coronavirus Infections/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/drug therapy ; }, abstract = {The unanticipated emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid spread of the mpox epidemic in 2022 and 2024 brought unforeseen challenges to public health. While distinct in nature, these outbreaks share some similarities and offer valuable insights into responding to novel virus dissemination in vulnerable populations. In light of these two experiences, we aim to discern the prioritization of medical countermeasures (MCM) among antivirals, antibodies, and vaccines. Comparative analysis of MCMs reveals that while antivirals serve essential roles as therapeutic tools, monoclonal antibodies can be used for both prevention and treatment, and vaccines remain of paramount importance for controlling epidemics as mass or targeted prophylaxis. Variability in production processes, administration methods, logistics, and costs distinguish these countermeasures. Vaccines, by inducing long-lasting immunity and ideally promoting herd effects, exhibit substantial advantages over other options. To enhance future pandemic readiness, proactive measures must include ready-to-use vaccine platforms with regulatory approval and manufacturing capacities, as well as prototype vaccines for representative pathogens and preexisting protocols to evaluate their efficacies and side effects. The comparison underscores the challenges of social acceptance and equity, particularly in vaccine production and distribution. As the world faces unknown agents, the three major types of MCMs do not have equal and symmetrical effects in terms of epidemic control. Thus, a vaccine-oriented strategy with a community-centered approach, proves essential for effective pandemic preparedness, encouraging continued innovation in vaccinology.}, }
@article {pmid39975757, year = {2025}, author = {Harder, J and Molter, J and Nugent, K}, title = {The association of ventilator mechanical power with weaning outcomes in intensive care unit patients: a narrative review.}, journal = {Journal of thoracic disease}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {487-495}, pmid = {39975757}, issn = {2072-1439}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mechanical power (MP) provides an integrated index of the mechanical properties of the respiratory system during mechanical ventilation. Increased levels of MP may identify patients who will do poorly during weaning and extubation. This literature review investigated the use of MP as a predictor of weaning outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, including a focused comparison of patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infections and patients with other causes of respiratory failure.<br><br>METHODS: A review of the literature using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Preprint identified 305 possible studies; after removal of duplicates, 219 studies were screened, and five papers were selected for analysis. A search updated in 2024 identified four additional papers to include in this review.<br><br>KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: These studies demonstrate that higher MP levels are associated with weaning failure in ICU patients and that adjustment of MP for lung-thorax compliance (LTC) improves the prediction of outcomes. One study analyzed outcomes in patients with COVID-19 infections and reported that despite having higher MPs, patients with COVID-19 had lower rates of weaning failures. This result suggests different respiratory mechanics in these patients that could complicate weaning decisions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In summary, MP can predict weaning outcomes in patients with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. However, some patients with COVID-19 infection may have unusual respiratory mechanics that may influence these associations.}, }
@article {pmid39974561, year = {2025}, author = {Zubieta-Calleja, G}, title = {Redefining chronic mountain sickness: insights from high-altitude research and clinical experience.}, journal = {Medical review (2021)}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {44-65}, pmid = {39974561}, issn = {2749-9642}, abstract = {Chronic Mountain Sickness (CMS), characterized by increased red blood cells above average values traditionally attributed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia exposure, is being redefined in light of recent research and clinical experience. We propose a shift in perspective, viewing CMS not as a singular entity but as Poly-erythrocythemia (PEH), as the Hematocrit/Hemoglobin/Red Blood Cells (Ht/Hb/RBCs) increase constitutes a sign, not a disease reflecting a spectrum of oxygen transport alterations in multiple diseases in the chronic hypoxia environment in high-altitude populations. Drawing on over five decades of experience at the High Altitude Pulmonary and Pathology Institute (HAPPI-IPPA) in Bolivia, we advocate for altitude-specific blood parameter norms and emphasize the importance of correct etiological diagnosis for effective management. This updated understanding not only aids in managing chronically hypoxemic patients at various altitudes but also offers valuable insights into global health challenges, including the recovery from COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39974559, year = {2025}, author = {Ewing, AG and Salamon, S and Pretorius, E and Joffe, D and Fox, G and Bilodeau, S and Bar-Yam, Y}, title = {Review of organ damage from COVID and Long COVID: a disease with a spectrum of pathology.}, journal = {Medical review (2021)}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {66-75}, pmid = {39974559}, issn = {2749-9642}, abstract = {Long COVID, as currently defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other authorities, is a symptomatic condition that has been shown to affect an estimated 10 %-30 % of non-hospitalized patients after one infection. However, COVID-19 can also cause organ damage in individuals without symptoms, who would not fall under the current definition of Long COVID. This organ damage, whether symptomatic or not, can lead to various health impacts such as heart attacks and strokes. Given these observations, it is necessary to either expand the definition of Long COVID to include organ damage or recognize COVID-19-induced organ damage as a distinct condition affecting many symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals after COVID-19 infections. It is important to consider that many known adverse health outcomes, including heart conditions and cancers, can be asymptomatic until harm thresholds are reached. Many more medical conditions can be identified by testing than those that are recognized through reported symptoms. It is therefore important to similarly recognize that while Long COVID symptoms are associated with organ damage, there are many individuals that have organ damage without displaying recognized symptoms and to include this harm in the characterization of COVID-19 and in the monitoring of individuals after COVID-19 infections.}, }
@article {pmid39974249, year = {2025}, author = {Magomedova, A and Fatima, G}, title = {Mental Health and Well-Being in the Modern Era: A Comprehensive Review of Challenges and Interventions.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e77683}, pmid = {39974249}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {A critical global concern in the modern era is mental health and well-being, where rapid socioeconomic change, technological advancements, and lifestyle shifts have significantly impacted individuals' psychological health. Primary stressors today include urbanization, digital dependency, social isolation, and economic pressures, alongside the escalating prevalence of mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and burnout. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated global mental health crises, increasing the vulnerability of populations during times of uncertainty and instability. This paper critically examines emerging connections between mental health and lifestyle factors such as sleep, diet, and exercise. Interventions are discussed from a multidimensional perspective, encompassing pharmacological treatments, psychotherapy, digital mental health tools, and community-based programs. Special attention is given to the rise of telemedicine and mobile mental health apps, offering innovative solutions to bridge gaps in mental healthcare accessibility. Furthermore, the review underscores the importance of preventive approaches, promoting mental health literacy, reducing stigma, and fostering resilience through mindfulness, cognitive behavioral techniques, and social support systems.}, }
@article {pmid39973944, year = {2025}, author = {Yu, H and Lu, X and Kim, SJ}, title = {Music-based interventions using digital technology for individuals with acquired brain injuries: a scoping review.}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1532925}, pmid = {39973944}, issn = {1664-1078}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The use of digital technology in music-based interventions for individuals with brain injuries has gained traction, especially post COVID-19, in addressing the need for effective, long-term rehabilitation. This scoping review examines the landscape of digital music-based interventions, focusing on their application in motor and cognitive rehabilitation for patients with brain injuries.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a literature search using five academic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Twenty-six studies met the predefined criteria for inclusion in this review, and these studies were analyzed including digital interventions used.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-six of 1994 studies were included. Results demonstrated a clear evolution in intervention methodologies, with earlier research focusing on rhythmic and MIDI-based tools, while more recent studies integrated virtual reality, augmented reality, and adaptive feedback mechanisms. The findings showed significant improvements in motor functions, such as upper limb movement and gait, in most of the reviewed studies, as well as some cognitive benefits, particularly when personalized music interventions were applied. However, challenges were noted regarding device complexity, cost, and inconsistent assessment methods across studies.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Digital music-based interventions show substantial promise in enhancing motor and cognitive function for individuals with neurological impairments. Nevertheless, barriers such as technological accessibility, the need for patient comfort, and a lack of standardization in assessment remain. Future research should focus on simplifying interfaces, standardizing protocols, and exploring hybrid interventions that combine immersive virtual reality with the adaptability of music therapy to create holistic, patient-centered rehabilitation solutions.}, }
@article {pmid39973941, year = {2025}, author = {Abaate, TJ and Buowari, DY and Agiri, UA and Inimgba, T and Ogbonna, VI and Onyeaghala, C and Worgu, GO and Somiari, A and Ezebuiro, EI and Onuah, IA}, title = {Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Healthcare Workers in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {International journal of public health}, volume = {70}, number = {}, pages = {1607655}, pmid = {39973941}, issn = {1661-8564}, mesh = {Humans ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; *Health Personnel/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Prevalence ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Nigerian healthcare professionals.<br><br>METHODS: An extensive language-unrestricted literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and the African Index Medicus to identify studies reporting hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers in Nigeria. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cross-sectional studies. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 206 articles, 22 publications with 20,724 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 75% (95% CI: 61%-88%, I[2] = 99.69%, P < 0.001). Reasons for hesitancy, including concerns about side effects, lack of trust, and safety, were prevalent at 76% (CI: 0.57-0.94, I[2] = 99.24%, P < 0.001), 55% (CI: 0.042-0.272, I[2] = 97.42%, P < 0.001), and 68% (CI: 0.047-0.89, I[2] = 98.59%, P < 0.001), respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There was significant hesitancy among Nigerian healthcare workers towards COVID-19 vaccination; thus, strategies to increase vaccination acceptance among healthcare workers should be developed.}, }
@article {pmid39973420, year = {2024}, author = {Rhodes, P and Parry, PI}, title = {Pharmaceutical product recall and educated hesitancy towards new drugs and novel vaccines.}, journal = {The International journal of risk &amp; safety in medicine}, volume = {35}, number = {4}, pages = {317-333}, doi = {10.1177/09246479241292008}, pmid = {39973420}, issn = {1878-6847}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Pharmacovigilance ; *Drug Recalls ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Background: Of many pharmaceutical products launched for the benefit of humanity, a significant number have had to be recalled from the marketplace due to adverse events. A systematic review found market recalls for 462 pharmaceutical products between 1953 and 2013. In our current and remarkable period of medical history, excess mortality figures are high in many countries. Yet these statistics receive limited attention, often ignored or dismissed by mainstream news outlets. This excess mortality may include adverse effects caused by novel pharmaceutical agents that use gene-code technology.Objective: To examine key pharmaceutical product withdrawals and derive lessons that inform the current use of gene-based COVID-19 vaccines.Methods: Selective narrative review of historical pharmaceutical recalls and comparative issues with recent COVID-19 vaccines.Results: Parallels with past drug withdrawals and gene-based vaccines include distortion of clinical trial data, with critical adverse event data absent from high-impact journal publications. Delayed regulatory action on pharmacovigilance data to trigger market withdrawal occurred with Vioxx (rofecoxib) and is apparent with the gene-based COVID-19 vaccines.Conclusion: Public health requires access to raw clinical trial data, improved transparency from corporations and heightened, active pharmacovigilance worldwide.}, }
@article {pmid39973397, year = {2025}, author = {Zhu, S and Chen, D and Yang, X and Yang, L and Han, Y}, title = {Organoid Models to Study Human Infectious Diseases.}, journal = {Cell proliferation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e70004}, doi = {10.1111/cpr.70004}, pmid = {39973397}, issn = {1365-2184}, support = {2024YFA1107500//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2024KF19//Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 2024-I2M-3-012//CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)/ ; }, abstract = {Infectious diseases have become significant events that threaten global public health and economic development. Since the 20th century, multiple outbreaks of infectious diseases have gradually deepened humanity's understanding of viral infections, prevention and treatment. Organoids possess a high degree of similarity to human physiological states and have strong self-organising capabilities. Research on infectious diseases based on organoids offers significant advantages in terms of availability, editability and diversity. In this perspective, we briefly introduce the development of organoids, focusing on historically significant infectious diseases that have caused fatal harm to human health, such as HIV, ZIKV, SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV. We further summarise relevant research on the pathogenic mechanisms of these viruses based on organoid models, host reactivity, and therapeutic strategies. Finally, we list the latest research techniques combined with organoid models, discuss the challenges faced in the development of organoids and look forward to the future prospects of organoids in vaccine and drug development.}, }
@article {pmid39973372, year = {2025}, author = {Kamaruzaman, NK and Rizzi, M and Attwell, K}, title = {A comprehensive review of the childhood vaccination landscape in Malaysia.}, journal = {Epidemiology and infection}, volume = {153}, number = {}, pages = {e41}, pmid = {39973372}, issn = {1469-4409}, mesh = {Malaysia ; Humans ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Immunization Programs ; Child ; Health Policy ; Vaccination Hesitancy ; Vaccination Coverage ; }, abstract = {Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective and successful public health interventions to prevent infectious diseases. Governments worldwide have tried to optimize vaccination coverage, including using vaccine mandates. This review of recent literature and policy aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Malaysia's childhood vaccination landscape. The document analysis was used to identify and examine information from government policy documents, official government media statements, mainstream news content, and research papers. Content analysis was then employed to analyze the gathered information. Despite the successes of Malaysia's National Immunization Programme, a resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases has raised concerns about vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Several contributing factors have been identified, including a preference for alternative medicines, doubts about halal status, fear of vaccine injury, concerns about the vaccines' contents, conspiracy theories, as well as convenience and access barriers. While various initiatives have been implemented, Malaysia may consider using vaccine mandates, as several countries have recently done, as a potential policy intervention to address these challenges. This review benefits policymakers, epidemiologists, as well as researchers involved in regional or global policy planning and advocacy efforts. It also offers comprehensive insights into designing effective interventions and making informed policy decisions regarding childhood vaccination programmes.}, }
@article {pmid39972626, year = {2025}, author = {Jin, J and Kim, HK}, title = {Exploring the effect of social media use on loneliness among older adults: A meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of health psychology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {13591053251316673}, doi = {10.1177/13591053251316673}, pmid = {39972626}, issn = {1461-7277}, abstract = {With the global aging population, more research is needed on older adults' mental health, particularly loneliness, a key psychological challenge resulting from life changes. While some researchers highlighted the potential of social media in reducing loneliness, the empirical findings remain unclear. This meta-analysis, including 19,134 observations, revealed no significant overall correlation between social media use and loneliness among older adults. To explore variability between studies, we conducted sensitivity analyses (excluding influential studies), subgroup analyses (based on age group, year of data collection, measure of social media use, and study region), and meta-regression with gender distribution as a moderator. Notably, a negative association was identified in the subgroup of studies conducted before COVID-19, indicating that social media may have helped reduce loneliness among older adults during that period. However, this benefit highlights that online networking cannot fully replace real-life social interaction.}, }
@article {pmid39972475, year = {2025}, author = {Saleem, W and Aslam, A and Tariq, M and Nauwynck, H}, title = {Intestinal mucus: the unsung hero in the battle against viral gastroenteritis.}, journal = {Gut pathogens}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {11}, pmid = {39972475}, issn = {1757-4749}, abstract = {Intestinal mucus plays a crucial role in defending against enteric infections by protecting the vulnerable intestinal epithelial cells both physically and through its various constituents. Despite this, numerous gastroenteritis-causing viruses, such as rotavirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, calicivirus, and enterovirus, continue to pose significant threats to humans and animals. While several studies have examined the interactions between these viruses and intestinal mucus, significant gaps remain in understanding the full protective potential of intestinal mucus against these pathogens. This review aims to elucidate the protective role of intestinal mucus in viral gastroenteritis. It begins with a comprehensive literature overview of (i) intestinal mucus, (ii) enteric viruses of medical and veterinary importance, and (iii) the known interactions between various enteric viruses and intestinal mucus. Following this, a case study is presented to highlight the age-dependent blocking effect of porcine intestinal mucus against transmissible gastroenteritis virus, a porcine coronavirus. Finally, the review discusses future investigation directions to further explore the potential of intestinal mucus as a defense mechanism against viral gastroenteritis to stimulate further research in this dynamic and critical area.}, }
@article {pmid39972444, year = {2025}, author = {Borek, AJ and Roleston, C and Lazzarino, R and Cooray, M and Hayward, G and Roberts, N and Blandford, E and Fowler, T and Tonkin-Crine, S}, title = {Acceptability of self-sampling and self-testing for infections: a rapid systematic review on public users' views.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {695}, pmid = {39972444}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis ; *Self-Testing ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics &amp; numerical data/psychology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Self-sampling and self-testing have been increasingly used for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and quickly became widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic. User acceptability, preferences, and experiences are important factors affecting self-sampling/self-testing uptake. Understanding these factors is key to managing infections and planning responses to health emergencies. This review aimed to identify user views and experiences related to the acceptability, usability, motivations and preferences for self-sampling/self-testing for infections.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a rapid systematic review. We searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science, limiting records to those published in English between 2014 and 2023. We also searched manually for additional peer-reviewed and grey literature. We included reports of public users' views on self-sampling/self-testing for any symptomatic and asymptomatic infections (except human papillomavirus) with qualitative, mixed-methods or survey data relevant to the review aim. Data were extracted into tables and qualitative findings were coded in NVivo. We synthesised data narratively.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 194 eligible reports, including 64 from Europe (which we prioritised for detailed synthesis) and 130 from outside of Europe. In Europe, the studied infections were respiratory (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;42, including 37 for COVID-19), STIs/HIV/genital infections (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;20), and hepatitis C (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;2). Findings indicate that users found self-sampling/self-testing acceptable across infection/sampling types, populations, settings, and countries. Users wanted self-sampling/self-testing to help determine infection status and protect others. The main benefits were privacy and convenience, helping reduce the potential stigma of STIs/HIV/genital infections, and (for COVID-19) informing behaviour (e.g., socialising, self-isolating) and contributing to research. Easier to perform and less invasive sampling approaches were more acceptable. However, some participants reported challenges to self-sampling/self-testing, such as not understanding instructions, pain/discomfort in collecting samples, and lack of confidence in interpreting results.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review synthesised evidence on the acceptability of SS/ST and factors affecting it across different infections, sampling approaches, settings, and populations. Evidence shows that most people with experience of self-sampling/self-testing found it acceptable and were willing to accept some discomfort in favour of several perceived benefits. This amenability to self-sampling/self-testing could be leveraged for diagnosing infections and preventing transmission. It can be used to support the viability of new models of clinical care and pandemic preparedness.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: The review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (ref. CRD42024507656).}, }
@article {pmid39972435, year = {2025}, author = {Getie, A and Ayalneh, M and Bimerew, M}, title = {Global prevalence and determinant factors of pain, depression, and anxiety among cancer patients: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.}, journal = {BMC psychiatry}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {156}, pmid = {39972435}, issn = {1471-244X}, mesh = {Humans ; Prevalence ; *Anxiety/epidemiology ; *Cancer Survivors/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Depression/epidemiology ; *Neoplasms/psychology/epidemiology ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Pain/epidemiology/etiology ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Global Health ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological disorders that significantly affect physical, emotional, and social well-being, reducing quality of life and increasing medical costs. These issues are especially challenging for cancer survivors, complicating treatment management, affecting adherence, and potentially impacting survival rates. Thus, this umbrella review aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of pain, depression, and anxiety, as well as their determinants among cancer patients.<br><br>METHOD: An exhaustive umbrella review was conducted to systematically assess the prevalence and determinants of pain, depression, and anxiety among cancer survivors worldwide by analyzing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The review involved a thorough search of multiple databases and included studies published in English up to July 2024 that reported on these symptoms. The process involved screening and selecting studies based on specific criteria, assessing the risk of bias using the AMSTAR tool, and analyzing data with statistical methods to determine overall prevalence and identify predictors. This comprehensive approach aimed to provide a detailed understanding of these psychological issues in cancer survivors and guide future research and interventions.<br><br>RESULT: The global summary prevalence of depression among cancer survivors was 33.16% (95% CI 27.59-38.74), while anxiety had a prevalence of 30.55% (95% CI 24.04-37.06). Pain prevalence after treatment was 39.77% (95% CI 31.84-47.70). Before treatment, 65.22% (95% CI 62.86-67.57) of cancer patients reported pain, which persisted in 51.34% (95% CI 40.01-62.67) during treatment. The analysis also found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, depression and anxiety rates among cancer patients were at their highest, with prevalences of 43.25% (95% CI 41.25-45.26) and 52.93% (95% CI 50.91-54.96), respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The umbrella review found that depression and anxiety prevalence among cancer survivors was 33.16% and 30.55%, respectively, with significantly higher rates during COVID-19 at 43.25% and 52.93%. Key factors contributing to depression included poor social support, advanced cancer stage, and inadequate sleep, while anxiety was significantly linked to advanced cancer stage and poor sleep quality.<br><br>CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.}, }
@article {pmid39972218, year = {2025}, author = {Shrum, W and Miller, P and Asiamah, NO and Zou, F}, title = {Alternative theories of COVID-19: social dimensions and information sources.}, journal = {Journal of public health policy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {39972218}, issn = {1745-655X}, support = {2021 Award to Paige Miller//Tommy Thompson Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {While scientific understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic increased, conspiracy theories undermined the foundations of public health policy, making it significantly more difficult both to discuss and to implement. Popular alternative narratives include the claim that government was using restrictions to control people's behavior, and that the pandemic was caused by 5G cellular technology. We examine the extent to which alternative beliefs were associated with sociodemographic characteristics and the sources through which people acquired information during the pandemic. Our analysis uses a demographically balanced online survey of 10,022 participants from 50 US states, collected during August of 2021. Results indicate that those holding alternative theories tended to be right leaning, religious, young, male, and unvaccinated individuals. Sources of information were also strong predictors of such beliefs, specifically the extent to which social media were considered reliable.}, }
@article {pmid39971694, year = {2025}, author = {Tsang, MS and Zhou, IW and Zhang, AL and Xue, CC}, title = {Chinese herbal medicine for dyspnea and persistent symptoms of long COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.}, journal = {Journal of integrative medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {2}, pages = {126-137}, doi = {10.1016/j.joim.2025.01.001}, pmid = {39971694}, issn = {2095-4964}, mesh = {Humans ; *Dyspnea/drug therapy/etiology ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *COVID-19/complications ; Fatigue/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Anxiety/drug therapy ; Depression/drug therapy ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy ; Betacoronavirus ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Over 65 million people have long COVID. Evidence for using Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) to treat long COVID is growing. A systematic review of evidence for guiding clinical decision is warranted.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects and safety of CHM in alleviating the severity of dyspnea, fatigue, exercise intolerance, depression, anxiety and insomnia in long COVID adults based on registered randomized clinical trials (RCT).<br><br>SEARCH STRATEGY: World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were searched for registered trial protocols from database inception to February 10, 2023. English (PubMed, Embase, AMED and CINAHL) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang Data and CQVIP) were then searched to identify relevant publications from December 2019 through April 6, 2023.<br><br>INCLUSION CRITERIA: Registered RCTs that compared the effects of Chinese herbal medicines or Chinese herbal formulas against a control treatment (i.e., the placebo or usual care) in adults with persistent symptoms of long COVID. The primary outcome of dyspnea, and secondary outcomes of fatigue, exercise intolerance, depression, anxiety and insomnia were measured using validated tools at the end of the treatment.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted, and eligible RCTs were evaluated using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations independently by two researchers. Effect sizes were estimated by random-effects modelling and mean difference (MD). Heterogeneity between trials was quantified by I[2].<br><br>RESULTS: Among the 38 registered clinical trials we identified, seven RCTs (1,519 patients) were included in the systematic review. One RCT had a low overall risk of bias. Compared to the control, CHM reduces dyspnea on the Borg Dyspnea Scale score (MD&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.65 to 0.25) with moderate certainty, and reduces fatigue on the Borg Scale (MD&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.48, 95% CI&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.74 to -0.22) with low certainty. CHM clinically reduces depression on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score (MD&#xa0;=&#xa0;-6.00, 95% CI&#xa0;=&#xa0;-7.56 to -4.44) and anxiety on Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score (MD&#xa0;=&#xa0;-6.10, 95% CI&#xa0;=&#xa0;-7.67 to -4.53), and reduces insomnia on the Insomnia Severity Index (MD&#xa0;=&#xa0;-4.86, 95% CI&#xa0;=&#xa0;-12.50 to 2.79) with moderate certainty. Meta-analysis of two RCTs (517 patients) showed that CHM clinically improves exercise intolerance by increasing 6-minute walking distance (MD&#xa0;=&#xa0;-15.92, 95% CI&#xa0;=&#xa0;-10.20 to 42.05) with substantial heterogeneity (I[2]&#xa0;=&#xa0;68%) and low certainty.<br><br>CONCLUSION: CHM is associated with a post-treatment clinical reduction in depression and anxiety in long COVID adults, compared to the control, but it does not have a strong treatment effect on dyspnea and insomnia. Effects of CHM on exercise intolerance and fatigue are uncertain, and the safety of using CHM remains questionable. Please cite this article as: Tsang MS, Zhou IW, Zhang AL, Xue CC. Chinese herbal medicine for dyspnea and persistent symptoms of long COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(2): 126-137.}, }
@article {pmid39971589, year = {2025}, author = {Zou, Y and Li, D and Gianni, V and Congdon, N and Piyasena, P and Prakalapakorn, SG and Zhang, R and Zhao, Z and Chan, VF and Yu, M}, title = {Prevalence of dry eye disease among children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMJ open ophthalmology}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39971589}, issn = {2397-3269}, mesh = {Humans ; *Dry Eye Syndromes/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Prevalence ; Child ; Global Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the tear film and ocular surface instability that causes ocular discomfort and visual impairment. The increasing use of digital devices and changing lifestyle patterns have raised concerns about a potential rise in DED among children. Understanding the prevalence of paediatric DED is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and management strategies tailored to this vulnerable population.<br><br>METHOD: An exhaustive literature search was performed on several databases covering the period from 1 January 2001 to 1 April 2024. Prevalence estimates of DED were combined using random effects models, and heterogeneity sources were explored through subgroup and regression analyses.<br><br>RESULTS: Our literature search identified 7309 articles, of which 41 articles, representing 42 study cohorts (48 479 participants) included in the systematic review. The estimated prevalence of DED among children was 23.7% (95% CI 18.5% to 28.9%). The prevalence of DED by different diagnostic criteria (clinical signs vs reported symptoms by questionnaire) was 16.6% (95% CI 13.7% to 19.5%; 26 studies; 27 107 children) vs 34.6% (95% CI 23.7% to 45.6%; 16 studies; 21 372 children; p<0.01), respectively. The prevalence of DED after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak was 44.1% (95% CI 25.5% to 62.7%; 8 studies; 9163 children), which was significantly higher than the 18.7% (95% CI 15.6% to 21.9%; 34studies, 39 316 children; p=0.01) before the COVID-19 outbreak. High between-study heterogeneity was noted (I[2]>92%). In meta-regression analysis, the prevalence of DED among children increased by 7.1% with each 10&#xb0; decrease in latitude (p=0.015), and by 10.2% with each 10&#xb0; increase in mean annual temperature (p=0.024).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: DED is common in children up to 18 years of age and poses a significant disease burden. Standardisation of the diagnosis of DED in children and further study of other risk factors are needed to fully explain the epidemiology of DED in children.}, }
@article {pmid39971586, year = {2025}, author = {Chen, C and Zhou, W and Qi, J and Chen, M and Yuan, Z and Miao, J and Yang, M and Chen, J and Shen, F and Cao, K and Qu, R and Jiang, D and Du, Y and Wu, X and You, Y and Yan, R and Zhu, C and Yang, S and , }, title = {Adherence to mask-wearing and its impact on the incidence and deaths of viral respiratory infectious diseases: a systematic review, meta-analysis and modelling study.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39971586}, issn = {2059-7908}, mesh = {Humans ; *Masks/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/mortality/epidemiology ; Incidence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/mortality/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Global Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study systematically analysed global and regional adherence to mask-wearing and its impact on the incidence and deaths of viral respiratory infectious diseases (VRIDs).<br><br>METHODS: Relevant studies were sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus. We included observational studies with available raw data on mask-wearing adherence (rates of acceptability of mask-wearing, mask-wearing in public settings and correct mask-wearing) during VRID pandemics/epidemics. The COVID-19-related incidence and deaths were sourced from Global Burden of Diseases 2021. The quality of each study was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Scale. Pooled rates and effects of mask-wearing were calculated using random effects models and generalised linear models.<br><br>RESULTS: We included 448 studies from 70 countries/regions. During the VRID pandemics/epidemics, global pooled rates for the acceptability of mask-wearing, mask-wearing in public settings and correct mask-wearing were 65.27% (95% CI 60.34% to 70.05%), 74.67% (95% CI 69.17% to 79.8%) and 63.63% (95% CI 59.28% to 67.87%), respectively. In individuals with chronic diseases/elderly/pregnant women, the rates of acceptability (42.54%) and correct mask-wearing (60.56%) were both low. Among the general population, the rates of mask-wearing in public settings (68.2%) and correct mask-wearing (57.45%) were the lowest. During the COVID-19 pandemic, countries with a requirement for mask-wearing exhibited a higher rate in public settings (76.10% vs 58.32%), especially in regions with more stringent containment and health measures (&#x3b2;=0.86, p=0.008). The mask-wearing in public settings has been found to significantly reduce the COVID-19 incidence (&#x3b2;=-265.26, p=0.004), COVID-19 deaths (&#x3b2;=-2.04, p<0.001) and other COVID-19 pandemic-related deaths (&#x3b2;=-0.83, p<0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSION: During the VRID pandemics/epidemics, adherence to mask-wearing was relatively low. Implementing policies requiring mask-wearing during the pandemic could enhance the mask-wearing rate, potentially leading to a significant reduction in VRID-related incidence and deaths.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024496464.}, }
@article {pmid39971398, year = {2025}, author = {Maessen, L and Boers, LS and Heylen, J and van Someren Gréve, F and Wauters, J and Bos, LDJ and Feys, S}, title = {Viral reactivations and fungal infections in nonresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome.}, journal = {European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society}, volume = {34}, number = {175}, pages = {}, pmid = {39971398}, issn = {1600-0617}, mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/virology/therapy/microbiology/diagnosis/physiopathology ; *COVID-19/virology/complications ; *Virus Activation ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; }, abstract = {Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a condition affecting 10% of patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit and results from endothelial dysfunction, alveolar epithelial injury and unbalanced inflammation, leading to exudative pulmonary oedema. A significant portion of these patients experience a lung injury that fails to resolve. Persistent or worsening respiratory failure beyond 5 days after the initiation of mechanical ventilation is referred to as nonresolving ARDS. Viral and fungal pathogens can exploit the hyperinflammatory environment and altered immune landscape in ARDS, perpetuating a cycle of ongoing inflammation and lung injury, thereby contributing to the progression towards and persistence of nonresolving ARDS, even in previously immunocompetent patients. This review discusses the significance, pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges and key knowledge gaps concerning various viral and fungal pathogens in nonresolving ARDS, with a particular focus on influenza-associated and COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis and pulmonary reactivation of Herpesviridae, such as cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus. Diagnosing these infections is challenging due to their nonspecific clinical presentation and the inability of current tests to distinguish between fungal colonisation or asymptomatic viral shedding and clinically significant infections or reactivations. A deeper understanding of the complex interplay between these pathogens and the host immune system in the context of ARDS, combined with advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, has the potential to enhance the management and prognosis of patients with nonresolving ARDS.}, }
@article {pmid39971395, year = {2025}, author = {Zhou, G and Dael, N and Verweij, S and Balafas, S and Mubarik, S and Oude Rengerink, K and Pasmooij, AMG and van Baarle, D and Mol, PGM and de Bock, GH and Hak, E}, title = {Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of European studies published up to 22 January 2024.}, journal = {European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society}, volume = {34}, number = {175}, pages = {}, pmid = {39971395}, issn = {1600-0617}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; Europe/epidemiology ; *Vaccine Efficacy ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; Severity of Illness Index ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Up-to-date evidence from European studies on long-term vaccine effectiveness (VE) of COVID-19 vaccines is lacking. This review aimed to evaluate effectiveness and durability of primary vaccine series and boosters in preventing infection and severe outcomes in the European population.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted systematic searches of PubMed and Embase up to 22 January 2024. We included observational studies that evaluated VE against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or severe disease (hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission or death) for primary series and boosters in Europe. We applied a random-effects meta-analysis model.<br><br>RESULTS: We included 33 studies and over 56 million participants. The overall VE of the complete primary series against infection with any SARS-CoV-2 variant was 70.7%. VE was lower for Omicron, at 26.1%, than for pre-Omicron strains, at 77.0%. Over time, VE against infection by any variant decreased from 68.9% to 38.9% after 6&#x2005;months. Boosters restored VE to 76.4% and maintained at 58.4% after 3&#x2005;months. The overall VE of a complete primary series for severe outcomes due to any variant was 87.4%, with 93.3% for pre-Omicron and 62.8% for Omicron strains. Protection against severe outcomes declined less than for infection. 6&#x2005;months after the primary series, the vaccine still provided over 50% protection against severe outcomes caused by Omicron. Boosters restored VE to 87.9% and maintained at 78.5% after 3&#x2005;months.<br><br>CONCLUSION: VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection declines markedly with time and Omicron variants. Protection against severe outcomes was more durable and resistant to viral mutation. Boosters restored protection, emphasising the need for timely booster vaccination for vulnerable populations.}, }
@article {pmid39969988, year = {2025}, author = {Potter, A and Munsch, C and Watson, E and Hopkins, E and Kitromili, S and O'Neill, IC and Larbie, J and Niittymaki, E and Ramsay, C and Burke, J and Ralph, N}, title = {Identifying Research Priorities in Digital Education for Health Care: Umbrella Review and Modified Delphi Method Study.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e66157}, pmid = {39969988}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {Humans ; Delphi Technique ; *Education, Distance ; *Health Personnel/education ; *Research ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In recent years, the use of digital technology in the education of health care professionals has surged, partly driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is still a need for focused research to establish evidence of its effectiveness.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to define the gaps in the evidence for the efficacy of digital education and to identify priority areas where future research has the potential to contribute to our understanding and use of digital education.<br><br>METHODS: We used a 2-stage approach to identify research priorities. First, an umbrella review of the recent literature (published between 2020 and 2023) was performed to identify and build on existing work. Second, expert consensus on the priority research questions was obtained using a modified Delphi method.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 8857 potentially relevant papers were identified. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, we included 217 papers for full review. All papers were either systematic reviews or meta-analyses. A total of 151 research recommendations were extracted from the 217 papers. These were analyzed, recategorized, and consolidated to create a final list of 63 questions. From these, a modified Delphi process with 42 experts was used to produce the top-five rated research priorities: (1) How do we measure the learning transfer from digital education into the clinical setting? (2) How can we optimize the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning to facilitate education and training? (3) What are the methodological requirements for high-quality rigorous studies assessing the outcomes of digital health education? (4) How does the design of digital education interventions (eg, format and modality) in health professionals' education and training curriculum affect learning outcomes? and (5) How should learning outcomes in the field of health professions' digital education be defined and standardized?<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a prioritized list of research gaps in digital education in health care, which will be of use to researchers, educators, education providers, and funding agencies. Additional proposals are discussed regarding the next steps needed to advance this agenda, aiming to promote meaningful and practical research on the use of digital technologies and drive excellence in health care education.}, }
@article {pmid39969562, year = {2025}, author = {Glueck, CJ}, title = {Thrombophilia, hypofibrinolysis and osteonecrosis.}, journal = {Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany)}, volume = {54}, number = {5}, pages = {376-385}, pmid = {39969562}, issn = {2731-7153}, mesh = {Humans ; *Osteonecrosis/complications/drug therapy ; *Thrombophilia/complications/drug therapy ; *Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/complications ; Fibrinolysis ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease/drug therapy/complications ; Factor V ; }, abstract = {Anticoagulation in most patients with familial thrombophilia-hypofibrinolysis and primary osteonecrosis (ON) before hip or knee collapse relieves pain, prevents joint collapse and usually averts the need for joint replacement but is not successful in secondary ON or if started after joint collapse. Anticoagulation in Perthes disease and in ON acutely appearing in post-COVID patients, particularly when factor V Leiden is present, may be valuable as an approach to prevent the otherwise high likelihood of subsequent joint failure. Anticoagulation in primary ON with concurrent thrombophilia-hypofibrinolysis should be considered within the treatment spectrum of ON.}, }
@article {pmid39969547, year = {2025}, author = {Rieck, T and Rau, C and Wulkotte, E and Feig, M and Fischer, C and Wichmann, O and Steffen, A}, title = {[Monitoring vaccination coverage in Germany-current status and trends].}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {68}, number = {4}, pages = {351-359}, pmid = {39969547}, issn = {1437-1588}, mesh = {Germany/epidemiology ; Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Vaccination Coverage/trends/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data/trends ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adolescent ; }, abstract = {Timely and reliable data on the vaccination status of the population are essential for the evaluation of vaccination programs. The analysis of school entry examination data and health claims data from the Associations of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians is the basis for monitoring the vaccination coverage in Germany. These two established and effective systems are supplemented by surveys among special target groups that can provide data on vaccination coverage, acceptance, and intention to be vaccinated.With the data from school entry examinations and health claims, vaccination coverage can only be reported with a delay of 1-2 years. Furthermore, the health claims data are incomplete due to the increasing diversification of vaccination service providers. The need for a complete and timely monitoring of the vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the limitations of these systems in an emergency situation. Therefore, the temporary Digital Immunization Monitoring (DIM) system for collecting COVID-19 vaccination data was established. With DIM, it was possible to collect COVID-19 vaccination data from all vaccination service providers on a daily basis.With the vision of timely and complete monitoring of vaccination coverage, the integration of vaccination data collection into the German Electronic Reporting and Information System for Infection Protection (DEMIS) is being developed as a uniform reporting infrastructure. In the future, DEMIS will be used to collect timely, pseudonymized, and individual-based vaccination data from all vaccination service providers. This will enable the evaluation of vaccination programs with little delay using complete and high-resolution data as well as the rapid adaptation of vaccination recommendations and communication strategies as needed.}, }
@article {pmid39969389, year = {2025}, author = {Rutstein, SE and Limarzi-Klyn, L and Miller, WC and Powers, KA}, title = {Public health implications of diagnosing and treating acute HIV.}, journal = {Current opinion in HIV and AIDS}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, pages = {236-246}, doi = {10.1097/COH.0000000000000921}, pmid = {39969389}, issn = {1746-6318}, mesh = {Humans ; *HIV Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/virology/transmission ; Public Health ; Viral Load ; Point-of-Care Testing ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The earliest months of HIV infection are characterized by high viral loads and elevated transmissibility, particularly during the acute (preseroconversion) phase. Transmission prevention during early HIV requires diagnostic tools that narrow the window between viral acquisition and reactive test, followed by rapid linkage to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here, we review recent advances related to diagnosing and treating persons during early HIV, with a particular focus on acute HIV infection (AHI).<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Point-of-care (POC) fourth-generation antigen/antibody tests have mixed performance, often dependent on the pretest probability of early infection within the screened population. Risk score algorithms demonstrate the potential for prioritizing resource-intensive tests, such as POC HIV RNA, to those most likely to have AHI, but their predictive performance varies across populations, complicating implementation. Emerging and re-emerging infections, including SARS-CoV-2 and mpox, present opportunities for and challenges to symptom-driven AHI screening. Daily oral ART with standard first-line regimens quickly suppresses viremia during AHI, but long-acting injectable drugs are yet to be explored for this indication.<br><br>SUMMARY: Few practice-changing results related to diagnosing or treating persons with early HIV have been released in the last 18&#x200a;months. Accurate POC HIV RNA tests could leapfrog fourth-generation POC assays, but they remain unavailable for routine use. Implementation science approaches are needed to guide use of evidence-based strategies for early HIV screening, and additional research on same-day ART linkage, including injectable ART, could produce dramatic impacts on forward transmission during this period.}, }
@article {pmid39968756, year = {2025}, author = {Ng, WL and Wang, LF}, title = {Translational lessons from the balanced immune system in bats.}, journal = {Disease models &amp; mechanisms}, volume = {18}, number = {9}, pages = {}, pmid = {39968756}, issn = {1754-8411}, support = {NRF-CRP10-2012-05//National Research Foundation Singapore/ ; MOH OFIRG19nov-0006//National Medical Research Council/ ; MOE2019-T2-2-130//Ministry of Education - Singapore/ ; }, mesh = {Animals ; *Chiroptera/immunology/virology ; COVID-19/immunology/virology ; Humans ; *Immune System/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Translational Research, Biomedical ; }, abstract = {Bats are a natural reservoir for a wide variety of notorious viruses that are deadly to humans and other mammals but cause no or minimal clinical damage in bats. The co-evolution of bats and viruses for more than sixty million years has established unique and balanced immune defenses within bats against a number of viruses. With the COVID-19 pandemic, bats have gained greater attention as a likely reservoir of the SARS-CoV-2 ancestor virus. The coupling of omics technology and bat research opens an exciting new field to understand and translate discoveries from bats to humans, in the context of infectious disease and beyond. Here, we focus on the mechanism of immunity balance in bats, the application of omics and how this might lead to improvement of human health.}, }
@article {pmid39968479, year = {2024}, author = {Nabi, S and Zandieh, Z and Bahadori, F and Bakhshandeh, R and Bagheri, R and Niksolat, M}, title = {Social Problems of Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematized Review.}, journal = {Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran}, volume = {38}, number = {}, pages = {130}, pmid = {39968479}, issn = {1016-1430}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic devastated the healthcare systems, its consequences have been particularly severe for senior citizens. They have been at higher risk of being physically affected and faced more social and mental problems in the COVID-19 era. During the pandemic, they, more than other age groups, reported a feeling of loneliness, symptoms of depression, and anxiety, and, more than ever, faced ageism, discrimination, and elder abuse. Although many people can overcome social isolation in the light of social media and the internet, the elderly are not digitally literate and welcoming to technology like younger generations. Recognizing the unique needs of older adults must be considered in making health policies.<br><br>METHODS: In this systematized review, we collected all studies originally written in English and containing relative information regarding the social problems of older adults during the pandemic in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science (n = 25).<br><br>RESULTS: Findings were categorized into 3 main components: (1) body function and body structure, (2) activities and participation, and (3) environmental factors.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Social isolation has proven more debilitating for older adults, as they often lack equal access to the internet, nor are they equally welcoming to social media and the internet as younger generations. This negative impact is worse for those with chronic conditions, especially cognitive impairments.}, }
@article {pmid39968147, year = {2025}, author = {Genovard, F and Muñoz, J and Petchamé, J and Solanellas, F}, title = {Risk management approaches in sports organisations: A scoping review.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {e42270}, pmid = {39968147}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {Risk management has emerged as a critical focus area in sports organisations due to the increasing complexity of operations, governance challenges, and unexpected events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. These organisations face a wide range of risks, including financial instability, legal liabilities and operational disruptions, among others. Effective risk management, which involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential threats to an organisation's objectives, is critical for ensuring their resilience and long-term sustainability. A comprehensive understanding of the current state of risk management in this context is vital for the development of strategies that address these multifaceted challenges. The objectives of this scoping review are to examine how risk management has been approached in sports organisations, categorize the different types of risks studied in the literature, and identify gaps in knowledge that could inform future research. A carefully structured five-phase methodology was applied: research questions were defined, an extensive literature search was conducted, relevant studies were identified using strict inclusion criteria, data was charted, and the results were summarized. From an initial pool of 3786 articles published between 1980 and 2023, a total of 125 studies were selected for detailed analysis. The findings reveal a broad spectrum of risks explored in the literature, with a significant emphasis on operational challenges. Studies frequently address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, risk categorisation, health and safety protocols, and the competencies needed within sports organisations to effectively manage these risks. Moreover, financial and governance risks are identified as potential gaps in the existing literature, suggesting a need for further exploration and detailed investigation. The review underscores the diversity of methodologies employed, although empirical research, particularly quantitative approaches, remains predominant. In conclusion, this review highlights the need for more multidimensional approaches to risk management that integrate various aspects such as governance, financial stability, and operational efficiency.}, }
@article {pmid39967901, year = {2024}, author = {Panesar, A and Gharanei, P and Khovanova, N and Young, L and Grammatopoulos, D}, title = {Thyroid function during COVID-19 and post-COVID complications in adults: a systematic review.}, journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1477389}, pmid = {39967901}, issn = {1664-2392}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/physiopathology ; *Thyroid Gland/physiopathology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Adult ; *Thyroid Diseases/etiology/virology/physiopathology ; Thyroid Hormones ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, has presented multifaceted health challenges. COVID-19 primarily targets the respiratory system but also affects multiple organ systems, including the endocrine system. Emerging evidence suggests interactions between thyroid function, the acute phase of COVID-19, and the prolonged symptoms known as post-COVID sequalae or long COVID. Several studies have reported that COVID-19 can induce thyroid dysfunction, leading to conditions such as thyroiditis and alterations in thyroid hormone levels. The mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 affects the thyroid include direct viral infection of thyroid cells, leading to viral thyroiditis, which causes inflammation and transient or sustained thyroid dysfunction, as well as an excessive systemic immune response (cytokine storm). This is associated with elevated levels of cytokines, such as IL-6, that disrupt thyroid function and lead to nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS). Medications administered during the acute illness phase, such as corticosteroids and antiviral drugs, can also impact thyroid hormone actions. The involvement of the thyroid gland in long COVID, or postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, is an area not well defined, with potential implications for understanding and managing this condition. Persistent low-grade inflammation affecting thyroid function over time can lead to ongoing thyroiditis or exacerbate pre-existing thyroid conditions. Viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, can trigger or worsen autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Long COVID may disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which can, in turn, affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, leading to abnormal thyroid function. This review was designed to systematically capture recent literature on COVID-19-related thyroid dysfunction in the adult population, the prognostic consequences of thyroid dysfunction during COVID-19, and the effects of thyroid dysfunction on patients with long COVID. A comprehensive search of PubMed and EMBASE databases was conducted. The systematic review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). A total of 53 studies met the inclusion criteria. The review summarises recent findings and provides an update of the current understanding of thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19-related spectrum of disorders, underscoring the complex nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its far-reaching impacts on human health.}, }
@article {pmid39967724, year = {2025}, author = {Oduwole, OA and Bassey, G and Esebanmen, G and Shoyinka, S and Ohenhen, J and Cogo, E and Henschke, N and Ochodo, E and Meremikwu, MM}, title = {Asymptomatic testing people for SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare facilities: A systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of public health in Africa}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {581}, pmid = {39967724}, issn = {2038-9922}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic testing involves the process whereby individuals who do not show symptoms of COVID-19 are tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using any of the available laboratory test techniques.<br><br>AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of testing asymptomatic individuals visiting, living or working in healthcare facilities in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral infections.<br><br>SETTING: Healthcare databases.<br><br>METHOD: Electronic databases were searched and limited to English language and studies published 2020 to 02 September 2022. Following the methods for rapid systematic reviews, data were analysed using a fixed effect model, and results of the effect estimate were reported as odds ratios (OR) with their confidence intervals (CI) (95% CI).<br><br>RESULTS: Databases' searches yielded 3065 articles after deduplication and 3 studies by searching reference lists of included articles. After screening abstracts and full text articles, 3 cohort studies were included, each with serious risk of bias. Very low certainty evidence shows a decrease in occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the asymptomatic testing group among patients going for index surgery (OR: 0.05, 95 % CI: 0.00-0.82; 501 participants; 1 study) and among long term care facility staff (OR: 0.31, 95 % CI: 0.18-0.52; 3457 participants; 2 studies, I [2] = 89%) than the 'no asymptomatic testing' group. However, its effect on their residents was contradictory.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There is limited quality evidence to support asymptomatic testing of individuals for SARS-CoV-2 in the prevention of virus transmission in health care settings.<br><br>CONTRIBUTION: In the event of a future pandemic, this review offers current evidence on the potential effects of asymptomatic testing.}, }
@article {pmid39967658, year = {2025}, author = {Zhao, Y and Tang, Y and Wang, QY and Li, J}, title = {Ocular neuroinflammatory response secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1515768}, pmid = {39967658}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Neuroinflammatory Diseases/virology/etiology/immunology ; *Eye/immunology/virology/pathology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; *Eye Diseases/virology/etiology ; }, abstract = {With the consistent occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the prevalence of various ocular complications has increased over time. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to have neurotropism and therefore to lead to not only peripheral inflammatory responses but also neuroinflammation. Because the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), can be found in many intraocular tissues, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may also contribute to persistent intraocular neuroinflammation, microcirculation dysfunction and ocular symptoms. Increased awareness of neuroinflammation and future research on interventional strategies for SARS-CoV-2 infection are important for improving long-term outcomes, reducing disease burden, and improving quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this review is to focus on SARS-CoV-2 infection and intraocular neuroinflammation and to discuss current evidence and future perspectives, especially possible connections between conditions and potential treatment strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39967372, year = {2025}, author = {Chambers, J and Shah, BN and Garbi, M and Campbell, B and Vassiliou, VS and Schlosshan, D}, title = {Management of Echocardiography Requests for the Detection and Follow-Up of Heart Valve Disease: A Consensus Statement From the British Heart Valve Society.}, journal = {Clinical cardiology}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {e70099}, pmid = {39967372}, issn = {1932-8737}, support = {//The authors received no specific funding for this work./ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Consensus ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Echocardiography/standards/methods ; *Heart Valve Diseases/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Societies, Medical ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the aftermath of the Covid19 pandemic and lockdowns, there has been a growing population awaiting transthoracic echocardiograms for potential valvular heart disease. Conducting comprehensive echocardiograms for all individuals may no longer be practical, leading to substantial delays in obtaining the necessary scans. This paper explores an alternative approach, suggesting the consideration of dedicated and shorter scans specifically for patients suspected of having valvular heart disease.<br><br>HYPOTHESIS: To address the increasing waiting times and improve heart valve disease detection, the British Heart Valve Society recommends a tiered approach to echocardiograms.<br><br>METHODS: This approach includes basic/level 1, focused, minimum standard, and disease-specific scans. Urgency recommendations vary, with individuals experiencing exertional chest pain or pre-syncope requiring prompt scanning within 2 weeks, ideally at a valve clinic.<br><br>RESULTS: Patients without known valve disease but with a murmur and stable breathlessness should be scanned as soon as possible, within a maximum of 6 weeks, balancing local demand and capacity. For those with an asymptomatic murmur and no prior scan, a basic/level 1 study is recommended to triage the necessity for a minimum standard study. Emphasizing appropriate triage for all requests, the statement guides decisions on the necessity for echocardiography, urgency level, and the required scan type.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This practical Consensus Statement from the British Heart Valve Society aims to support appropriate shorter transthoracic echocardiography for patients referred for suspected valvular heart disease. The goal is to enhance capacity in a secure manner, thereby minimizing the risks associated with delays in obtaining timely scans.}, }
@article {pmid39965723, year = {2025}, author = {Foreman, L and Child, B and Saywell, I and Collins-Praino, L and Baetu, I}, title = {Cognitive reserve moderates the effect of COVID-19 on cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data.}, journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews}, volume = {171}, number = {}, pages = {106067}, doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106067}, pmid = {39965723}, issn = {1873-7528}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology ; *Cognitive Reserve/physiology ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology/physiopathology/psychology ; }, abstract = {Elucidating the factors that mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on cognitive function offers important insights for public health policy and intervention. This systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis assesses cognitive reserve (CR) as a potential moderator of post-COVID-19 cognitive dysfunction (PCCD). Under PRISMA-IPD guidelines, data searches were conducted via PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Embase, up to January 2023. Eligible studies included at least one cognitive assessment, CR proxy, and disease severity indicator. Of 5604 studies, 87 were eligible (10,950 COVID-19 cases; 78,305 controls), and IPD was obtained for 29 datasets (3919 COVID-19 cases; 8267 controls). Three-level random-effects meta-analyses indicated that CR had a moderate positive association (rsp =.29), and COVID-19 severity had a small negative association (rsp = -.07) with cognitive outcomes. These effects were moderated by a significant within-study interaction. Cognitive deficits following COVID-19 were 33 % smaller among high CR individuals, and 33 % greater among low CR individuals, relative to those with average CR. Population-based initiatives promoting reserve-building behaviors may alleviate the PCCD-related public health burden. REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022360670.}, }
@article {pmid39965005, year = {2025}, author = {Sentieiro, ML and Cunha Ferreira, L and Pires de Miranda, M and Araújo Vitória, B}, title = {Couples and parenting dynamics during Covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review of the literature.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, pages = {e0315417}, pmid = {39965005}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Parenting/psychology ; Pandemics ; Female ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; Parents/psychology ; Stress, Psychological ; Family Characteristics ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic constituted a public health crisis bound to impact couples, parents, and families globally. However, the literature on the impacts of COVID-19 in families is not yet integrated. This systematic review aims to (1) provide an overview of how the COVID-19 pandemic potentially changed family systems, especially the couples and parenting dynamics, as well as (2) integrate inconsistent findings, and, finally, (3) define new avenues for research and clinical practice. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined for this review. The data was collected in bibliographic databases using a combination of keywords. The study includes empirical research published in English, Spanish, Italian, or Portuguese, appearing in peer-reviewed journals, focusing on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the functioning of different-gender or same-gender couples, married or cohabitating, or cohabitating parents with children aged 2 to 18, between April 2020 and December 2023. Within 381 articles, 58 studies met the inclusion criteria, which 50 were quantitative, four qualitative, and four mixed methods studies. A qualitative thematic analysis of the reviewed articles identified 12 categories that were organized by stress sources, mediators, and outcomes. There is consistent evidence across the literature showing some sources of stress during COVID-19, such as Gender Inequalities (e.g., Unequal Division of Household Duties and Lack of Support for Mothers), and External Stress. Also, we identified some themes on the mediators such as Coping Strategies (e.g., Dyadic Support, Communication as a Mediator and Adaptation to New Daily Routines) and finally as outcomes, Lower Psychological Well-Being, and Relational Growth. However, some inconsistencies were found in Relationship (In) Satisfaction, Sexual Functioning and Communication as an Outcome. Explorations of moderators showed that these inconsistencies should be understood in reference to (1) quality assessment (2) coping and (3) income. After conducting a comprehensive analysis of inconsistencies, our study revealed no notable differences in either relationship satisfaction or sexual frequency before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, a decline in sexual satisfaction was observed during the COVID-19 period. No conclusive associations were identified between income, relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, sexual frequency, and stress related to COVID-19. Nonetheless, our observations indicated that individuals with moderate or high income, in conjunction with the implementation of effective coping strategies, exhibited a diminished impact of COVID-19-related stress on both relationship satisfaction and sexual functioning. Future studies should focus on a dyadic perspective at various stages of the family cycle, including longitudinal perspectives, as well as studies focused on the role of dyadic coping during times of crises. Findings must be considered with caution because not all studies had equal methodological rigor.}, }
@article {pmid39964267, year = {2025}, author = {Narayan, AK and Foster, N and Kadom, N and Scott, JA and Flores, EJ and Broder, JC and Yong-Hing, CJ and Daye, D and Kagetsu, NJ and Burstin, H}, title = {Six Steps to Improving Health Equity Using Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Tools.}, journal = {Radiology}, volume = {314}, number = {2}, pages = {e232750}, pmid = {39964267}, issn = {1527-1315}, support = {K08 CA270430/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA014520/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA218123/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Quality Improvement/organization &amp; administration ; *Health Equity ; *Patient Safety/standards ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Diagnostic Imaging/standards ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Health equity is a foundational principle for providing high-quality care. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the urgency of health systems and regulatory agencies to address longstanding health disparities. Imaging disparities have been documented in the imaging literature for decades, but there is paucity of published interventions to successfully reduce disparities in imaging. Quality and safety approaches can be successfully employed to catalyze and rigorously evaluate interventions to reduce imaging disparities. Emerging from the Toyota Production System, the lean management framework focuses on continuous quality improvement to improve efficiency and reduce waste. Lean approaches have been successfully adopted by quality and safety experts in health care for problem-solving and process improvement. This article provides readers with step-by-step guidance on how to address health equity issues by adapting selected lean tools for quality improvement and patient safety. Core steps include (a) problem identification, (b) team building, (c) creation of a data infrastructure, (d) problem analysis, (e) development and testing of solutions, and (f) change management strategies to help organizations sustain successful health equity initiatives. Readers can use these six core steps to catalyze data-driven quality improvement initiatives to reduce imaging disparities within their health systems.}, }
@article {pmid39963502, year = {2025}, author = {Ding, X and Lu, D and Wei, R and Zhu, F}, title = {Knowledge mapping of online healthcare: An interdisciplinary visual analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace.}, journal = {Digital health}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {20552076251320761}, pmid = {39963502}, issn = {2055-2076}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Online healthcare has been regarded as a permanent component and complementation in routine worldwide healthcare. Although there have been large-scale related studies in this field, studies are scattered across disciplines. Numerous publications are needed to systematically and comprehensively identify the status quo, development, and future hotspots in this field.<br><br>METHODS: Publications on online healthcare were screened from the WoS database. By using VOSviewer and CiteSpace, this study analyzed 4636 articles in this field with 60,306 associated references. First, countries/regions distributions, institutions distributions, influential journals, and productive authors were obtained. Then, co-citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis, timeline analysis, and burst detection were further conducted to sketch the panorama of online healthcare.<br><br>RESULTS: There were 147 countries/regions participated in and contributed to this field in total. Accounting for over half of the total number of publications, the USA, England, Australia, China, and Canada played significant roles in this area. Among the 24,362 authors, Guo XT was the most influential author. The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health was the journal with the most publications and citations. Studies in this field have shifted from basic research to applied practice research. COVID-19, mental health, healthcare, and healthcare workers were the most common keywords, indicating that studies on the impact of online healthcare on healthcare workers, online healthcare service for COVID-19, and mental health will be promising areas in the future.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Research on online healthcare is booming, while worldwide cooperation is still regionalized. Cross-regional cooperation among institutions and scholars is needed to enhance in the future. Online healthcare services for specific health fields and specific groups are the current and developing topics in this field.}, }
@article {pmid39962909, year = {2025}, author = {Taşkoparan, &#x15e; and Altınay, C and Barbaros Özer, H}, title = {Recent updates of probiotic dairy-based beverages.}, journal = {Food &amp; function}, volume = {16}, number = {5}, pages = {1656-1669}, doi = {10.1039/d4fo06322h}, pmid = {39962909}, issn = {2042-650X}, mesh = {*Probiotics ; Humans ; *Dairy Products/analysis/microbiology ; *Beverages/analysis/microbiology ; Animals ; Yogurt/microbiology ; Milk/microbiology ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {There is a rapid paradigm shift in the food consumption habits of consumers globally. The interest in healthier, safer, minimally processed and nature-identical foods is the driving force of this paradigm shift. Although the roots of this consumer trend go back further, especially the Covid-19 pandemic has contributed to the acceleration of this process. The effects of probiotics on human health have been known for many years. The commercial success of some probiotic microorganism strains, supported by clinical studies, is also evident. Probiotic microorganisms can be found in commercial products in a wide range of forms including powder, tablets or incorporated into liquid or solid food matrices. Milk and dairy products are suitable vehicles for the delivery of probiotics into the human body. Apart from well-established dairy-based probiotic foods including yogurt and yogurt-type beverages, in recent years some dairy products supplemented or enhanced with postbiotics and paraprobiotics are gaining popularity. The incorporation of next-generation probiotics in probiotic beverage formulations has also attracted the attention of researchers. The current state-of-the art for the utilization of next-generation probiotics, postbiotics and paraprobiotics in dairy-based probiotic beverages is the main focus of this review. Conventional milk-, whey- and buttermilk-based probiotic beverages are also covered.}, }
@article {pmid39962044, year = {2025}, author = {Rountree, L and Lin, YT and Liu, C and Salvatore, M and Admon, A and Nallamothu, B and Singh, K and Basu, A and Bu, F and Mukherjee, B}, title = {Reporting of Fairness Metrics in Clinical Risk Prediction Models Used for Precision Health: Scoping Review.}, journal = {Online journal of public health informatics}, volume = {17}, number = {}, pages = {e66598}, pmid = {39962044}, issn = {1947-2579}, support = {UG3 CA267907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Clinical risk prediction models integrated into digitized health care informatics systems hold promise for personalized primary prevention and care, a core goal of precision health. Fairness metrics are important tools for evaluating potential disparities across sensitive features, such as sex and race or ethnicity, in the field of prediction modeling. However, fairness metric usage in clinical risk prediction models remains infrequent, sporadic, and rarely empirically evaluated.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We seek to assess the uptake of fairness metrics in clinical risk prediction modeling through an empirical evaluation of popular prediction models for 2 diseases, 1 chronic and 1 infectious disease.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a scoping literature review in November 2023 of recent high-impact publications on clinical risk prediction models for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and COVID-19 using Google Scholar.<br><br>RESULTS: Our review resulted in a shortlist of 23 CVD-focused articles and 22 COVID-19 pandemic-focused articles. No articles evaluated fairness metrics. Of the CVD-focused articles, 26% used a sex-stratified model, and of those with race or ethnicity data, 92% had study populations that were more than 50% from 1 race or ethnicity. Of the COVID-19 models, 9% used a sex-stratified model, and of those that included race or ethnicity data, 50% had study populations that were more than 50% from 1 race or ethnicity. No articles for either disease stratified their models by race or ethnicity.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our review shows that the use of fairness metrics for evaluating differences across sensitive features is rare, despite their ability to identify inequality and flag potential gaps in prevention and care. We also find that training data remain largely racially and ethnically homogeneous, demonstrating an urgent need for diversifying study cohorts and data collection. We propose an implementation framework to initiate change, calling for better connections between theory and practice when it comes to the adoption of fairness metrics for clinical risk prediction. We hypothesize that this integration will lead to a more equitable prediction world.}, }
@article {pmid39961996, year = {2025}, author = {G Gürtler, L and Schramm, W and Seitz, R}, title = {Viral sepsis - pathophysiology and disease manifestation.}, journal = {Infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {39961996}, issn = {1439-0973}, abstract = {Viral infection is found in approximately 30% of all sepsis cases and may be followed by bacterial infection in organs such as the lungs. Sepsis manifests as fever, hemorrhagic lesions and cell death. Organ dysfunction caused by sepsis, such as meningitis and encephalitis, can lead to organ damage. Sepsis is induced by various viral components, host cells and cellular mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. Cytokines are secreted from stimulated macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and T lymphocytes.Further contributors to sepsis are the cleavage products after activation of the complement cascade with anaphylatoxin generation and peptides of the activated clotting cascade, thrombocytopenia and thrombocyte function alteration, intravasal clotting and/or endothelial leakage. The cells involved in viral sepsis are neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells and thrombocytes, and finally, endothelial cells and epithelial cells.Prolonged cytokine release leads to cell damage, immune cell dysfunction and exhaustion, and either impairs or hyperactivates immune cells. The course of viral sepsis may be enhanced by some patient conditions including age, underlying diseases such as diabetes, obesity; and immunodeficiency. Viral sepsis, similar to bacterial sepsis, is an extremely complex disorder, and the involvement of the abovementioned cellular and humoral components can present quite divergent biological and clinical patterns.Examples of viral sepsis discussed in the manuscript include three viruses causing Dengue fever - an emerging infection, COVID-19 - a disease with a prolonged course, Ebola disease - a disease with typically complete viral clearance, while rabies virus - induces a disease that causes coma and death before signs of viral sepsis are apparent.}, }
@article {pmid39961818, year = {2025}, author = {Liu, A and Lopez-Rippe, J and Reid, J}, title = {Technology, connection, and engagement-achieving a balance for maximal value hybrid conferences in radiology.}, journal = {Pediatric radiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {39961818}, issn = {1432-1998}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed a transformation in medical education, leading to the emergence of hybrid learning formats that combine in-person and remote participation. While this format offers increased flexibility and accessibility, it presents unique challenges for both educators and learners in radiology training programs.<br><br>METHODS: This review examines the critical elements necessary for successful hybrid resident and fellow conferences in radiology education, focusing on three key domains: technology, connection, and engagement.<br><br>RESULTS: Technical considerations, including appropriate audiovisual setup and the designation of conference moderators, are crucial for seamless integration of remote participants. Digital tools such as audience response systems, web-based DICOM viewers, and collaborative platforms can enhance interactivity and simulate clinical practice effectively in the hybrid format. Creating an effective learning environment requires careful attention to establishing expectations, maintaining psychological safety, and ensuring equal participation between in-person and remote attendees. Active learning strategies, such as case-based discussions, buzz groups, and peer instruction, can be adapted to include both remote and in-person learners effectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: While the flexibility of hybrid education offers advantages for work-life balance and accessibility, maintaining educational quality requires thoughtful implementation of these strategies. As hybrid conferences become a permanent fixture in radiology education, programs must address these challenges to optimize the learning experience for all participants while preserving the essential elements of traditional radiology training.}, }
@article {pmid39961554, year = {2025}, author = {Catalán-Aguilar, J and González-Bono, E and Cano-López, I}, title = {Perceived stress in adults with epilepsy: A systematic review.}, journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews}, volume = {170}, number = {}, pages = {106065}, doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106065}, pmid = {39961554}, issn = {1873-7528}, mesh = {Humans ; *Stress, Psychological/psychology ; *Epilepsy/psychology/complications ; Adult ; *COVID-19/psychology ; }, abstract = {This systematic review summarizes evidence about perceived stress in adults with epilepsy to clarify the particularities and potential effects on the prognosis and consequences of the disease. This review follows the recommendations of the PRISMA statement and was registered in PROSPERO. Thirty-four articles were selected. In 89 % of the studies, stress in epilepsy was conceptualized as a process in which the demands of the environment exceed the organism's ability to cope. Stressful life events related to perceived stress in epilepsy included the COVID-19 pandemic and work-related problems. Perceived stress was identified as a seizure precipitant in 85 % of studies. In 67 % of studies, patients with epilepsy had higher perceived stress than healthy people. Female gender, youth, low educational levels, unemployment, poor social support, less than five years suffering the disorder, temporal lobe epilepsy, depression, poor seizure control, and polytherapy were identified as risk factors for increased stress. These studies highlight the need for the conceptualization of epilepsy within a chronic stress framework which could facilitate more appropriate clinical management.}, }
@article {pmid39961234, year = {2025}, author = {Amarrador, A and Crilly Oam, J and Brough, P and Elder, E}, title = {Interventions to retain emergency department nurses: A scoping review.}, journal = {International emergency nursing}, volume = {79}, number = {}, pages = {101573}, doi = {10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101573}, pmid = {39961234}, issn = {1878-013X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Emergency Service, Hospital/organization &amp; administration ; *Personnel Turnover/statistics &amp; numerical data ; COVID-19/nursing ; *Emergency Nursing ; *Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology ; *Nurses/supply &amp; distribution ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Globally, the nursing workforce is facing significant shortages, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency departments (ED) are dynamic environments that expose nurses to high levels of stress. Retention of existing nurses is vital, however the efficacy of interventions to improve the retention of ED nurses is limited. This review aimed to explore the evidence surrounding interventions focussed on addressing the retention of ED nurses.<br><br>METHOD: A scoping review of the literature was undertaken, guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute framework. A search of five electronic databases was conducted. Original research published between 2012 and 2023 regarding the population of nurses, the concept of interventions to decrease turnover/improve retention and the context of the emergency department were considered for inclusion.<br><br>RESULTS: Five articles met the criteria for inclusion; three evaluated educational programs to ease the transition to becoming ED nurses, two assessed locally developed 'ad hoc' interventions. All the transitional education programs reported an increase in retention rates, while the ad hoc interventions produced minimal to no improvement in retention or reduction of turnover intent. All studies were conducted in high-income countries.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There is a dearth of evidence for organisations to draw upon to increase the retention of ED nurses. Additional research is warranted, especially regarding the long-term effects of interventions aimed at improving ED nurse retention, as well as evaluating interventions implemented in a wider variety of contexts.}, }
@article {pmid39960924, year = {2025}, author = {Guo, DY and Zhang, Q and Wang, L and Pu, ZC and Jia, P}, title = {Efficacy of prone positioning in awake ventilation for COVID-19: Umbrella review.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {104}, number = {7}, pages = {e41477}, pmid = {39960924}, issn = {1536-5964}, support = {2024351//Health Commission of Chengdu/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy ; Prone Position ; Wakefulness ; *Patient Positioning/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Respiration, Artificial/methods ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Awake-prone positioning was widely used in COVID-19, combined with high-flow nasal oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation, effectively reducing intubation, and the effect on mortality is controversial. We aim to reevaluate the efficacy of awake-prone positioning in COVID-19 and summarize the protocol for awake-prone positioning.<br><br>METHODS: We gathered data on the treatment of COVID-19 using awake-prone positioning from Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and CNKI. All the included studies were published between 2019 and 2023. Two researchers used the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool to assess the methodological quality of the literature. The evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and Evaluation system.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirteen articles were included. The quality assessment using AMSTAR2 revealed that 3 articles were high quality, and 4 were moderate quality. The evidence quality assessment of 41 primary outcomes by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation indicates that 9 indicators were of moderate quality, 21 were of low quality, and 6 were of very low quality.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The review demonstrates high methodological quality, but the evidence quality of its outcome indicators is low. Awake-prone position has been shown to decrease intubation and improve oxygenation in COVID-19 patients. It is recommended to consult the latest quality assessment standards to develop more rigorous experimental protocols, improve research quality, and facilitate the translation of research findings.}, }
@article {pmid39960901, year = {2025}, author = {Fan, YZ and Duan, YL and Zhang, AN and Wang, Y}, title = {Beneficial effects and possible mechanism of intake coffee for COVID-19: A meta-analysis and molecular docking.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {104}, number = {7}, pages = {e41550}, pmid = {39960901}, issn = {1536-5964}, mesh = {Molecular Docking Simulation ; *Coffee ; Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of regular coffee intake in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 infection, and to explore its possible mechanism of action using computer molecular docking technology.<br><br>METHODS: We searched for relevant ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and China Biomedicine, Wanfang, CNKI, VIP databases to summarize studies on the effectiveness of coffee in preventing or treating COVID-19. The search period lasted until August 1, 2024. The 2 researchers screened the literature and data using Rev Man 5.4 software (the Cochrane Collaboration, 2020) for data analysis and used Schrodinger 2018-1 software to explore possible mechanisms of action.<br><br>RESULTS: A total 5 studies with 39,290 participants were included. The results showed that compared with the control group that drank less or no coffee, the experimental group that drank more than 1 cup of coffee per day had significantly higher benefit rates (RD&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.17, 95% confidence intervals [CI]&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.08-0.27, P&#x2005;=&#x2005;.0005), including lower infection rates and improved recovery rates from COVID-19 (RD&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.24, 95% CI&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.13-0.35), P&#x2005;<&#x2005;.0001). Molecular docking showed that CGA and caffeine present in coffee could combine with key amino acid residues of ACE2 or 3CL proteins to form hydrogen bonds.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Regular consumption of coffee may have certain preventive or therapeutic effects on COVID-19, and the mechanism of action may be that CGA or/caffeine in coffee may be related to the formation of hydrogen bonds by key amino acid residues such as ARG273/HIE345 of ACE2 and CYS145 of 3CL. Owing to the limited number and quality of the included studies, the effect evaluation needs to be further confirmed using clinical randomized controlled trials. The exact mechanism of action requires further verification at the molecular level, both inside and outside cells.}, }
@article {pmid39960778, year = {2025}, author = {Barstow, C and Flanagan, R}, title = {Heart Disease in Children: Inflammatory Syndromes.}, journal = {FP essentials}, volume = {549}, number = {}, pages = {24-28}, pmid = {39960778}, issn = {2159-3000}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications/drug therapy/diagnosis ; *Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/drug therapy/complications/diagnosis ; *Myocarditis/etiology/drug therapy ; Child ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Aspirin/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Child, Preschool ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis of unknown etiology that primarily affects children younger than 5 years, although it can affect older children. Cardiac complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Kawasaki disease and can include myocarditis. Long-term sequelae include coronary artery dilation. Treatment is high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 disease. It shares clinical characteristics with Kawasaki disease but causes hyperinflammation and often results in cardiac dysfunction. Treatment for MIS-C is intravenous immunoglobulin and glucocorticoids. Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium and pericardium and has multiple causes. It is associated with COVID-19 infection and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. The incidence and clinical significance of these associations remain uncertain and are a current topic of research and debate.}, }
@article {pmid39960432, year = {2025}, author = {Syed, AM and Karius, AK and Ma, J and Wang, PY and Hwang, PM}, title = {Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.}, journal = {Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)}, volume = {40}, number = {4}, pages = {0}, doi = {10.1152/physiol.00056.2024}, pmid = {39960432}, issn = {1548-9221}, support = {HL005101//HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/metabolism/physiopathology ; *Mitochondria/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; COVID-19/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating multisystem disorder of unclear etiology that affects many individuals worldwide. One of its hallmark symptoms is prolonged fatigue following exertion, a feature also observed in long COVID, suggesting an underlying dysfunction in energy production in both conditions. Here, mitochondrial dysfunction and its potential pathogenetic role in these disorders are reviewed.}, }
@article {pmid39959793, year = {2024}, author = {SeyedAlinaghi, S and Pashaei, A and Tantuoyir, MM and Karimi, A and Mojdeganlou, H and Nazarian, N and Vahedi, F and Afzalian, A and Shobeiri, P and Dashti, M and Ghasemzadeh, A and Mirzapour, P and Nooralioghli Parikhani, S and Mehraeen, E}, title = {Safety and Adverse Effects Related to COVID-19 Viral Vector Vaccines: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Tanaffos}, volume = {23}, number = {2}, pages = {102-114}, pmid = {39959793}, issn = {1735-0344}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: There have been safety concerns regarding the COVID-19 vaccines because of their unprecedented speed of development. Therefore, systematic reviews are necessary to address these concerns and reduce public hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccines. This study aims to systematically review the reported adverse events related to viral vector COVID-19 vaccines.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a systematic search in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane on September 15[th], 2021. This study adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The records underwent two-step title/abstract and full-text screenings, and the eligible records were included in the data extraction process. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for the Bias Assessment of included articles.<br><br>RESULTS: The adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines, including the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine, the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, and the Sputnik V vaccine were included in this review. Among these vaccines, the AstraZeneca has presented enormous side effects with most being systemic and a few sporadic cases of life-threatening events such as thrombosis and capillary leak syndrome and even death in a few cases. Prominent systemic side effects of the adenovirus vaccines include fever, fatigue, malaise, arthralgia, myalgia, sweating, and dizziness. Erythema, swelling, tenderness, itching, and numbness at the injection site are the most common local reactions.<br><br>CONCLUSION: It appeared that the frequency of serious adverse events is negligible, and vaccination to prevent severe COVID-19 and mortality has greater benefits than adverse events in the general population.}, }
@article {pmid39959477, year = {2025}, author = {Thilakarathne, NN and Abu Bakar, MS and Abas, PE and Yassin, H}, title = {Internet of things enabled smart agriculture: Current status, latest advancements, challenges and countermeasures.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, pages = {e42136}, pmid = {39959477}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {It is no wonder that agriculture plays a vital role in the development of some countries when their economies rely on agricultural activities and the production of food for human survival. Owing to the ever-increasing world population, estimated at 7.9 billion in 2022, feeding this number of people has become a concern due to the current rate of agricultural food production subjected to various reasons. The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) based technologies in the 21st century has led to the reshaping of every industry, including agriculture, and has paved the way for smart agriculture, with the technology used towards automating and controlling most aspects of traditional agriculture. Smart agriculture, interchangeably known as smart farming, utilizes IoT and related enabling technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and big data in agriculture and offers the potential to enhance agricultural operations by automating and making intelligent decisions, resulting in increased efficiency and a better yield with minimum waste. Consequently, most governments are spending more money and offering incentives to switch from traditional to smart agriculture. Nonetheless, the COVID-19 global pandemic served as a catalyst for change in the agriculture industry, driving a shift toward greater reliance on technology over traditional labor for agricultural tasks. In this regard, this research aims to synthesize the current knowledge of smart agriculture, highlighting its current status, main components, latest application areas, advanced agricultural practices, hardware and software used, success stores, potential challenges, and countermeasures to them, and future trends, for the growth of the industry as well as a reference to future research.}, }
@article {pmid39959399, year = {2025}, author = {Oh, KH and Morishita, F and Rahevar, K and Yadav, RP and Tran, HTG and Marks, GB and Raviglione, MC and Marais, BJ}, title = {The Western Pacific Regional Framework to End TB: overview and critical reflection.}, journal = {IJTLD open}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {64-72}, pmid = {39959399}, issn = {3005-7590}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; }, abstract = {Despite notable progress, TB remains a critical public health challenge in the Western Pacific Region. To address this, the WHO developed the Western Pacific Regional Framework to End TB, which aligns with global health targets, such as the End TB Strategy and the Sustainable Development Goals. Here, we critically review the Framework, highlighting its strengths and ongoing challenges, with suggestions as to how it might adapt. Although the Framework offers a comprehensive strategy for reducing the TB burden, its success depends on effective implementation across diverse socio-economic contexts. Key obstacles include undiagnosed infectious TB cases, limited healthcare infrastructure, persistent inequities in access to TB services, and drug-resistant TB. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these challenges, disrupting TB services and delaying progress towards 2030 targets. The Framework's reliance on multisectoral partnerships and innovative technologies presents opportunities but requires substantial political commitment, sustained funding and system-wide health reforms. Additionally, gaps remain in addressing social determinants of TB. Ensuring equity, maintaining political will, and fostering international collaboration are essential to overcoming these barriers. Continuous evaluation and adaptation will be crucial in ensuring the Framework's effectiveness in eliminating TB in the Region by 2030.}, }
@article {pmid39959319, year = {2024}, author = {Mišigoj-Duraković, M and Ostojić, L and Mijoč, V and Sorić, M and Babić, Z and Šimić, J and Ostojić, D and Duraković, D}, title = {THE EFFECTS OF RESTRICTIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MENTAL HEALTH OF THE ELDERLY.}, journal = {Acta clinica Croatica}, volume = {63}, number = {1}, pages = {175-184}, pmid = {39959319}, issn = {1333-9451}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/psychology ; *Exercise/psychology ; *Mental Health ; Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Female ; Physical Distancing ; }, abstract = {Regular physical activity and maintaining fitness reduce the risk of chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, reduce the risk of exacerbation of existing diseases, maintain physical and mental health, and contribute to healthy and successful aging in the elderly. It is of particular importance during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this review is to present relevant knowledge about the effects of restrictions and social distancing established with the aim of suppressing the COVID-19 pandemic, on physical activity and mental health of elderly people. During the pandemic, numerous authors have reported a decrease in the share of physically active population and those that used to exercise regularly. The time spent in activity decreases, energy expenditure decreases, and the time spent sedentary increases although the results in all segments related to physical activity are not consistent. Lockdown measures significantly worsen insomnia, sleep quality, feelings of loneliness, anxiety and depression in older people, especially in women. During the restrictive measures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, physical activity and exercise significantly contribute to the maintenance and improvement of physical and mental health.}, }
@article {pmid39959315, year = {2024}, author = {Samardžić Ilić, I and Kušević, Z}, title = {SOME EFFECTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON PSYCHOTHERAPY.}, journal = {Acta clinica Croatica}, volume = {63}, number = {1}, pages = {165-174}, pmid = {39959315}, issn = {1333-9451}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Psychotherapy/methods ; *Mental Disorders/therapy/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Psychotherapy is an independent, interdisciplinary science that encompasses psychotherapeutic directions based on scientific principles and methods. Through the psychotherapeutic process, psychotherapy aims to achieve personal growth, remove or lessen the intensity of existing psychosocial, psychosomatic and behavioral problems and suffering, as well as help develop more functional patterns of behavior and experiences of interpersonal relationships or value systems. Research has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on psychotherapy in terms of the way it is carried out, change in the environment in which it is performed, and online psychotherapy has been introduced. The aim of this study was to find information, through available literature, on the impact of the pandemic on mental health and psychotherapy, and also to spread awareness about the current identified risks connected to the greater morbidity of psychiatric disorders and diseases and the need of psychotherapeutic interventions. Previous studies have shown that the pandemic increased the incidence of psychological disorders and diseases and the need of psychological intervention. Available data have shown that in the times of strict epidemiological measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, certain modifications of the psychotherapeutic process were made in terms of the use of online psychotherapy.}, }
@article {pmid39958834, year = {2024}, author = {Nishigaki, K and Yamaji, N and Adachi, N and Kamei, T and Kobayashi, K and Kakazu, S and Yonekura, Y}, title = {Telenursing on primary family caregivers and children with disabilities: a scoping review.}, journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1374442}, pmid = {39958834}, issn = {2296-2360}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Despite the need for continued support for children with disabilities and their families, COVID-19 has made the support difficult. Telenursing can monitor daily life and support from a remote location, continuously and at a low cost. However, there are few practical reports on its use in children with disabilities.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to summarize the published literature on telenursing for children with disabilities in home care settings.<br><br>METHODS: We included studies involving children (0-18 years of age) with disabilities and their families and specified telecommunication assessment, monitoring, and intervention such as tele-education, teleconsultation and telementoring involving nurses via information communication technologies. We included studies that used any design written in English or Japanese. A comprehensive search was conducted on March 14, 2021 using six databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing &amp; Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PsycINFO, and Ichushi Web. Two or more reviewers individually screened eligible studies according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram. Data on the characteristics of the included studies, telecommunications technology interventions, and children with disabilities were mapped in tables.<br><br>RESULTS: Eleven studies, published between 2003 and 2020, met the inclusion criteria. Only one study used the term "telenursing," while others used "telehealth" and other terms, which involved multidisciplinary support such as physicians and social workers in addition to nurses. Although there were various types of telecommunications technology interventions, they were categorized as consultation, healthcare provision, monitoring, and education. Most studies have examined telecommunication technology interventions by healthcare professionals, including nurses. Five studies focused on children with medical complexities, and two focused on children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, including developmental delays. There is insufficient information on telecommunications technology interventions, especially assessment tools, trigger points, and the status of the target population.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This scoping review aimed to map the published literature on telenursing for children with disabilities and their families in home care settings. Available evidence indicates a lack of research focusing on the implementation of telecommunications for children with disabilities and their families. Further research is required to assess the effects of telecommunications technology interventions. Additionally, they should provide information for implementing telecommunication technology safety.<br><br>SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION: Figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21747047.v1).}, }
@article {pmid39958350, year = {2025}, author = {Yu, C and Wang, W and Zhang, Q and Jin, Z}, title = {Autoimmune hepatitis under the COVID-19 veil: an analysis of the nature of potential associations.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1510770}, pmid = {39958350}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hepatitis, Autoimmune/immunology/epidemiology/etiology ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {In recent years, the novel coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to over 670 million infections and nearly 7 million deaths worldwide. The global pandemic of COVID-19 has precipitated a significant public health crisis. The prevalence of liver function abnormalities associated with SARS-CoV-2 is as high as 53% among healthy individuals or patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and shows a positive correlation with disease severity; moreover, specific adaptive immune responses can influence the trajectory and outcomes of COVID-19. For instance, SARS-CoV-2 may impact autoimmunity through mechanisms such as excessive stimulation of immune responses and molecular mimicry, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals. Currently, the overall mutational trend of SARS-CoV-2 indicates heightened infectivity and immune evasion capabilities. Consequently, vaccination remains crucial for universal protection against this disease. Nevertheless, alongside the widespread implementation of vaccination programs globally, an increasing number of cases have been documented where COVID-19 vaccination appears to trigger new-onset autoimmune hepatitis; yet definitive evidence is still pending elucidation regarding causality. In this review, we analyse the clinical-immunological characteristics, risks associated with severe disease progression, and prognosis for AIH patients infected with SARS-CoV-2; discuss the detrimental effects exerted by SARS-CoV-2 on hepatic function; summarise the mechanisms and attributes leading to new-onset AIH; as well as provide insights into how vaccination may interfere with autoimmunity processes. We continue to underscore the significance of vaccination while aiming to enhance awareness concerning potential risks associated with it-this could facilitate better management strategies for autoimmune diseases along with appropriate adjustments in vaccination protocols. Although the precise triggering mechanism linking COVID-19-related events to AIH remains unclear, existing evidence suggests that this relationship is far from coincidental.}, }
@article {pmid39958243, year = {2025}, author = {Espejo-Carrera, RE and Asmat-Abanto, AS and Carruitero-Honores, MJ and Caballero-Alvarado, JA}, title = {Effectiveness of mouthwashes to reduce the SARS-COV-2 load in saliva of adults with diagnosis of COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e96-e107}, pmid = {39958243}, issn = {1989-5488}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 still represents a threat to public health. In this sense, antiseptic mouthwashes have been suggested to reduce cross-contamination and community transmission.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of povidone-iodine (PVP-I), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes in reducing SARS-COV-2 viral load in the saliva of adults diagnosed with COVID-19. After the systematic search in five electronic databases, 16 clinical trials published until June 2023 were analyzed. Of these, 6 were included in the meta-analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: The standardized mean difference (SMD) was reported with its corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). An overall SMD of 0.51 (95%CI: -0.29 to 1.32; I&#xb2; = 46.0%; p = 0.047) was found. For CPC, the combined effect found in the studies was not significant (SMD = -0.07; 95%CI: -0.42 to 0.28; I&#xb2; = 0.0%; p = 0.373); the same occurred for CHX (SMD = 0.50; 95%CI: -43.32 to 44.32; I&#xb2; = 0.0%; p = 1.000). However, PVP-I showed a more consistent profile with a significant combined effect (SMD = 4.15; 95%CI: 2.11 to 6.18) and negligible heterogeneity (I&#xb2; = 0.0%; p = 0.908).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate a non-significant effect of mouthwashes on reducing viral load when all types were evaluated together. Separately, only PVP-I showed a significant reduction in viral load with a low level of certainty of evidence, while for CPC and CHX the reduction was not significant, with a low and very low level of certainty of evidence, respectively. Key words:SARS-CoV-2, mouthwashes, povidone-iodine, cetylpyridinium, chlorhexidine.}, }
@article {pmid39957982, year = {2025}, author = {Maison, DP and Tasissa, H and Deitchman, A and Peluso, MJ and Deng, Y and Miller, FD and Henrich, TJ and Gerschenson, M}, title = {COVID-19 clinical presentation, management, and epidemiology: a concise compendium.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1498445}, pmid = {39957982}, issn = {2296-2565}, support = {U54 MD007601/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States ; P30 GM114737/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; U54 GM138062/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; P20 GM113134/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; P20 GM103466/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; P20 GM139753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy/prevention &amp; control/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus Disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2, has been an ever-evolving disease and pandemic, profoundly impacting clinical care, drug treatments, and understanding. In response to this global health crisis, there has been an unprecedented increase in research exploring new and repurposed drugs and advancing available clinical interventions and treatments. Given the widespread interest in this topic, this review aims to provide a current summary-for interested professionals not specializing in COVID-19-of the clinical characteristics, recommended treatments, vaccines, prevention strategies, and epidemiology of COVID-19. The review also offers a historical perspective on the pandemic to enhance understanding.}, }
@article {pmid39957405, year = {2025}, author = {Abdoli, M and Rahimi, M and Dianati, A and Daniali, SS and Kelishadi, R}, title = {The Association of Cyberspace and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health}, volume = {61}, number = {4}, pages = {549-558}, doi = {10.1111/jpc.70003}, pmid = {39957405}, issn = {1440-1754}, support = {//Isfahan University of Medical Science/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology/psychology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; Adolescent ; *Screen Time ; Pandemics ; Video Games ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children has been considered. Children with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are likely to be more vulnerable too. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of evidence regarding the association between screen usage and symptoms of ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: This review adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Library.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 130 identified reports, 8 papers covering 1587 subjects were included. The spent time on different types of screen time from TV to video games among children and adolescents with ADHD increased. The majority of studies showed that a surge in screen time was associated with the worsening of ADHD symptoms such as irritation, inattention, hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorders (ODDs). The finding confirmed the severity of ADHD symptoms in individuals with a history of addictive or problematic usage of media was higher in comparison with others. One study found that educational screen time was not associated with disturbances in ADHD symptoms. In addition, ADHD symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic were influenced by prior mental health situations.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest considering the negative association of excess screen time with ADHD symptoms, monitoring of screen time particularly for recreational purposes should be monitored to prevent negative consequences in children and adolescents with ADHD. On the other hand, designing educational and treatment interventions based on digital technology could not be ignored.}, }
@article {pmid39956556, year = {2025}, author = {Kirsch, C and Wintergalen, P and Cohen, SP and Mirzadeh, Z and Farber, SH and Wilhelmi, BG}, title = {Driving under the influence of opioids in 2024: a narrative review of science and pandemic policy updates.}, journal = {Regional anesthesia and pain medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/rapm-2024-105955}, pmid = {39956556}, issn = {1532-8651}, abstract = {BACKGROUND/IMPORTANCE: Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) refers to operating a vehicle after consuming drugs or medications other than alcohol that impair the ability to drive safely. There is no consensus on legal limits for drug intoxication while driving in the USA. Balancing the benefits of prescription medications, such as opioids, with traffic safety remains an ongoing public health challenge.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This article examines DUID policy and provides recommendations for policy improvement and unification grounded in scientific evidence on opioid-related impairment and driving risks.<br><br>EVIDENCE REVIEW: A literature review of epidemiologic data, psychomotor effects, and public policy related to opioid use and driving was conducted. A total of 38 epidemiological studies, 21 studies on psychomotor effects, and pertinent laws and policies were reviewed.<br><br>FINDINGS: Epidemiological data reveal an increasing prevalence of opioid-positive drivers and an association between opioid use and elevated risk of motor vehicle collisions. Psychomotor studies show mixed results, with some indicating impairment in opioid users and others suggesting minimal effects on driving ability. State laws regarding DUID remain heterogeneous, with trends toward expanded testing powers, lower impairment thresholds, and limitations on prescription-based defenses. The lack of standardized opioid testing limits and inconsistent policy approaches across states hinder effective management of opioid-related impaired driving.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A balanced public health approach can reduce opioid-involved crashes through education, prevention, enhanced enforcement tools, and rehabilitation. In drafting future DUID laws, policymakers must analyze evolving opioid research when balancing the pain relief of opioids with public roadway safety.}, }
@article {pmid39956285, year = {2025}, author = {Talwar, S and Harker, JA and Openshaw, PJM and Thwaites, RS}, title = {Autoimmunity in long COVID.}, journal = {The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology}, volume = {155}, number = {4}, pages = {1082-1094}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2025.02.005}, pmid = {39956285}, issn = {1097-6825}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *Autoimmunity/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; *B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; }, abstract = {Long COVID (also termed postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, or PASC) affects up to 10% of people recovering from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diagnosis is hampered by diffuse symptomatology, lack of biomarkers, incomplete understanding of pathogenesis, and lack of validated treatments. In terms of pathogenesis, hypothesized causes include virus persistence, the legacy of endotheliitis and thrombosis, low-grade tissue-based inflammation and/or scarring, perturbation of the host virome/microbiome, or triggering of autoimmunity. Several studies show preexisting and/or de novo production of autoantibodies after infection with SARS-CoV-2, but the persistence of these antibodies and their role in causing long COVID is debated. Here, we review the mechanisms through which autoimmune responses can arise during and after viral infection, focusing on the evidence for B-cell dysregulation and autoantibody production in acute and long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid39956089, year = {2025}, author = {Smith, DS and Postma, M and Fisman, D and Mould-Quevedo, J}, title = {Cost-effectiveness models assessing COVID-19 booster vaccines across eight countries: A review of methods and data inputs.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {51}, number = {}, pages = {126879}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126879}, pmid = {39956089}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/economics ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/economics/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; *Cost-Benefit Analysis ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Immunization, Secondary/economics ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Europe/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause serious health consequences globally. Policy makers now assess cost effectiveness (CE) when evaluating COVID-19 vaccines. A targeted literature review was performed to examine recent CE evidence for COVID-19 vaccines, as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transitions from pandemic to endemic, to identify best practices. Data were from large EU countries (UK, Spain, Germany, France, and Italy), US, Canada, and Australia. Nine CE studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies evaluated booster vaccination, and mainly considered mRNA vaccines. CE studies reported that COVID-19 vaccines provided health benefits and were cost-effective or showed cost-savings. Benefits were more pronounced in older and high-risk populations based on higher rates of COVID-19 hospitalization and death. CE findings were most sensitive to estimates of incidence of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility, vaccine effectiveness, waning/duration of vaccine protection, and hospitalization costs. Most data inputs were sourced from real-world evidence (RWE). Lack of inclusion of some parameters, such as transmission modeling, productivity losses, and the impact of long COVID may undervalue COVID-19 vaccines. As SARS-CoV-2 evolves and COVID-19 vaccines are updated, continuous generation of RWE is needed to demonstrate the CE of COVID-19 vaccines in an ongoing manner.}, }
@article {pmid39955600, year = {2025}, author = {Acioglu, C and Elkabes, S}, title = {Innate immune sensors and regulators at the blood brain barrier: focus on toll-like receptors and inflammasomes as mediators of neuro-immune crosstalk and inflammation.}, journal = {Journal of neuroinflammation}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {39}, pmid = {39955600}, issn = {1742-2094}, mesh = {Humans ; *Blood-Brain Barrier/immunology/metabolism ; *Inflammasomes/immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; *Immunity, Innate/physiology/immunology ; *Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism/immunology ; Inflammation/immunology/metabolism ; *Neuroinflammatory Diseases/immunology ; *Neuroimmunomodulation/physiology ; Endothelial Cells/immunology/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Cerebral endothelial cells (CEC) that form the brain capillaries are the principal constituents of the blood brain barrier (BBB), the main active interface between the blood and the brain which plays a protective role by restricting the infiltration of pathogens, harmful substances and immune cells into the brain while allowing the entry of essential nutrients. Aberrant CEC function often leads to increased permeability of the BBB altering the bidirectional communication between the brain and the bloodstream and facilitating the extravasation of immune cells into the brain. In addition to their role as essential gatekeepers of the BBB, CEC exhibit immune cell properties as they can receive and transmit signals between the blood and the brain partly via release of inflammatory effectors in pathological conditions. Cerebral endothelial cells express innate immune receptors, including toll like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasomes which are the first sensors of exogenous or endogenous dangers and initiators of immune and inflammatory responses which drive neural dysfunction and degeneration. Accumulating evidence indicates that activation of TLRs and inflammasomes in CEC compromises BBB integrity, promotes aberrant neuroimmune interactions and modulates both systemic and neuroinflammation, common pathological features of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases and central nervous system (CNS) infections and injuries. The goal of the present review is to provide an overview of the pivotal roles played by TLRs and inflammasomes in CEC function and discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which they contribute to BBB disruption and neuroinflammation especially in the context of traumatic and ischemic brain injuries and brain infections. We will especially focus on the most recent advances and literature reports in the field to highlight the knowledge gaps. We will discuss future research directions that can advance our understanding of the central contribution of innate immune receptors to CEC and BBB dysfunction and the potential of innate immune receptors at the BBB as promising therapeutic targets in a wide variety of pathological conditions of the brain.}, }
@article {pmid39955207, year = {2025}, author = {Kim, S and Ndwandwe, C and Devotta, H and Kareem, L and Yao, L and O'Mahony, L}, title = {Role of the microbiome in regulation of the immune system.}, journal = {Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology}, volume = {74}, number = {2}, pages = {187-196}, doi = {10.1016/j.alit.2024.12.006}, pmid = {39955207}, issn = {1440-1592}, mesh = {Humans ; *Immune System/immunology ; Animals ; *Microbiota/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Immune Tolerance ; }, abstract = {Immune health and metabolic functions are intimately connected via diet and the microbiota. Immune cells are continuously exposed to a wide range of microbes and microbial-derived compounds, with important mucosal and systemic ramifications. Microbial fermentation of dietary components in vivo generates thousands of molecules, some of which are integral components of the molecular circuitry that regulates immune and metabolic functions. These in turn protect against aberrant inflammatory or hyper-reactive processes and promote effector immune responses that quickly eliminate pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2. Potent tolerance mechanisms should ensure that these immune cells do not over-react to non-pathogenic factors (e.g. food proteins), while maintaining the ability to respond to infectious challenges in a robust, effective and well controlled manner. In this review we examine the factors and mechanisms that shape microbiota composition and interactions with the host immune system, their associations with immune mediated disorders and strategies for intervention.}, }
@article {pmid39955168, year = {2025}, author = {Li, S and Pan, M and Zhao, H and Li, Y}, title = {Role of CCL2/CCR2 axis in pulmonary fibrosis induced by respiratory viruses.}, journal = {Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.003}, pmid = {39955168}, issn = {1995-9133}, abstract = {Respiratory virus infection is an important cause of both community acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Various respiratory viruses, including influenza virus, avian influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, result in severe fibrosis sequelae after the acute phase. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory virus infection, as an important cause of pulmonary fibrosis, has attracted increasing attention around the world. Respiratory virus infection usually triggers robust inflammation responses, leading to large amounts of proinflammatory mediator production, such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), a critical chemokine involved in the recruitment of various inflammatory cells. Moreover, CCL2 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis progression, through regulating recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytes and increasing the expression of extracellular matrix proteins. This review provided a concise overview of the common fibrosis sequelae after virus infection. Then we discussed the elevated levels of CCL2 in various respiratory virus infection, underscoring its potent profibrotic role. Targeting the CCL2/CCR2 axis holds promise for alleviating fibrosis sequelae post-acute virus infection and warrants further investigation.}, }
@article {pmid39955016, year = {2025}, author = {Başaran, N and Szewczyk-Roszczenko, O and Roszczenko, P and Vassetzky, Y and Sjakste, N}, title = {Genotoxic risks in patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases}, volume = {129}, number = {}, pages = {105728}, doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2025.105728}, pmid = {39955016}, issn = {1567-7257}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/genetics/complications/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; *DNA Damage ; Antiviral Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; DNA Repair ; Neoplasms/genetics ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has caused numerous deaths worldwide. Despite the mitigation of infection manifestations in recent months, the possible consequences of the epidemic remain difficult to predict. Genotoxicity and subsequent development of neoplasms are possible outcomes. This review summarises the data on these questions. Studies from several countries have reported increased levels of DNA damage in nucleated blood cells of patients with severe forms of COVID-19 infection. The level of DNA damage can be used as a prognostic factor for the disease outcome. It is considered that SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins play a crucial role in DNA damage; however, the virus also inhibits the DNA repair system. Co-morbidities and use of antiviral drugs may also contribute to DNA damage in patients with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39954172, year = {2025}, author = {Guevarra, K and Greenstein, Y}, title = {Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in the Critical Care Unit: An Update.}, journal = {Current cardiology reports}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, pages = {54}, pmid = {39954172}, issn = {1534-3170}, mesh = {Humans ; *Point-of-Care Systems ; *Critical Care/methods ; COVID-19 ; Ultrasonography/methods ; Echocardiography/methods ; *Heart Arrest/diagnostic imaging ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Intensive Care Units ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article outlines updates in point of care ultrasonography.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Improving diagnostic accuracy and image quality is continuing to evolve in Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS). This include incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and use of other modalities such as Doppler in lung ultrasonography. Transesophageal echocardiography is an emerging option when imaging is difficult to obtain via transthoracic echocardiography. POCUS is becoming instrumental when used during cardiac arrest. Ultrasound (VExUS) Grading System is a promising measurement to assess a patient's volume status. Given the multiple advantages of POCUS usage, competency in POCUS became a requirement of Critical Care fellowship training. POCUS is an important diagnostic modality and guide to medical management. New technological advances such as AI, can serve as a guide to enhance image quality and help accurately obtain quantitative assessments. POCUS has a major role during cardiac arrest and advanced cardiac life support. The clinical utility of POCUS was further substantiated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires critical care programs to include competency in POCUS as part of their training.}, }
@article {pmid39953612, year = {2025}, author = {Jafari, M and Nassehi, A and Jafari, J and Jafari-Oori, M}, title = {Severity and associated factors of moral injury in healthcare workers during the coronavirus pandemic: a comprehensive meta-analysis.}, journal = {Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique}, volume = {83}, number = {1}, pages = {37}, pmid = {39953612}, issn = {0778-7367}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed significant emotional and ethical burdens on healthcare workers (HCWs), leading to the emergence of moral injury (MI). Understanding the pooled mean and factors associated with MI is crucial for developing interventions and support systems for HCWs. This meta-analysis aims to examine the extent of MI among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify potential contributing factors.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted, and relevant studies reporting on MI in HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Pooled means were calculated using random-effects or fixed effect models. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on demographic variables, such as gender, profession, and geographical region. Further, Sensitivity analysis was run to assess the individual study effect.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean of MI among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic was ranged from 3.06 (CI95%: 2.35-3.77) to 119.17 (CI95%: 103.04-135.30), based on the instrument types. Further analyses revealed that females (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.21), younger HCWs (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.13), nurses (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.55), and those in developing countries (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.02) experienced higher levels of MI.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis highlights the substantial MI experienced by healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, with nurses, younger HCWs, and those in developing countries being particularly affected. Although statistical significance was not observed in subgroup differences, trends suggest a heightened vulnerability among specific groups. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and policies to support HCWs, particularly in high-risk demographics, and emphasize the importance of standardized MI assessment tools for future research.}, }
@article {pmid39952625, year = {2025}, author = {Javanshir, N and Ebrahimi, V and Mazhary, Z and Saadaie Jahromi, B and Zuo, T and Fard, NA}, title = {The antiviral effects and underlying mechanisms of probiotics on viral infections.}, journal = {Microbial pathogenesis}, volume = {200}, number = {}, pages = {107377}, doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107377}, pmid = {39952625}, issn = {1096-1208}, mesh = {*Probiotics/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Humans ; *Virus Diseases/immunology/virology/therapy/drug therapy ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Influenza, Human/immunology ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; Adaptive Immunity ; }, abstract = {In public health emergencies, viral diseases like influenza and COVID-19 have become a major concern. One of the proposed responses to this concern is the use of probiotics. Probiotics have a potent role in arming our bodies to combat viral infections. They affect the innate and adaptive immune systems in various ways. Accumulating studies has shown that probiotics can reduce the possibility of infection or the duration of respiratory symptoms by modulating the functions of the immune system. This review aims to summarize the impacts of probiotics on respiratory viral infections and their potential antiviral mechanisms. Therefore, we herein discussed probiotics in relation to lung immunity, distinct types of respiratory viral infections (VRIs), including influenza, rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and upper respiratory viral infections, and lastly, probiotics and their effects on COVID-19. However, more studies are needed to explore the antiviral mechanisms of probiotics.}, }
@article {pmid39952011, year = {2025}, author = {Schurr, M and Graf, J and Junne, F and Giel, KE}, title = {Psychotherapy in patients with long/post-COVID - A systematic review on the feasibility, acceptability, safety, and efficacy of available and emerging interventions.}, journal = {Journal of psychosomatic research}, volume = {190}, number = {}, pages = {112048}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychores.2025.112048}, pmid = {39952011}, issn = {1879-1360}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/complications ; *Psychotherapy/methods ; Feasibility Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUNDS: There is an urgent need for effective treatments for patients with long/post-COVID. Current recommendations for management favor a multimodal approach including psychotherapy and emphasize that interventions should also consider the mental health impact of living with long/post-COVID. This systematic review synthesizes psychotherapeutic interventions that currently target long/post-COVID complaints and summarizes data on the feasibility, acceptability, safety, and efficacy of psychotherapy for patients with long/post-COVID.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. Studies were retrieved from three databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science) and independently assessed by two raters. Studies investigating patients of any age suffering from long/post-COVID were included if the intervention involved psychotherapeutic treatment and changes in long/post-COVID symptoms were reported. The review has been pre-registered on PROSPERO.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 12 studies were included in the analysis. Of these, 10 were multimodal approaches with integrated psychotherapeutic interventions, and two were studies on stand-alone psychotherapy. The majority of studies were uncontrolled and demonstrate pre-post improvements in a range of long/post-COVID symptoms. Only one RCT could be identified, which supports the benefit of CBT for COVID-related fatigue. It was not possible to draw general conclusions regarding the efficacy of psychotherapy for long/post-COVID. However, data on feasibility, acceptability, and safety support the potential of psychotherapy as a treatment approach for long/post-COVID.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Future studies investigating the potential of psychotherapy approach for long/post-COVID which go beyond the pilot stage are needed to systematically assess feasibility, acceptability, safety, and efficacy in large-scale confirmatory trials.}, }
@article {pmid39951873, year = {2025}, author = {Donaldson, SI and Villalobos, JP and Cho, M}, title = {Following the science to understand how to reduce prejudice and its harmful consequences: A guide for evaluators and program planners.}, journal = {Evaluation and program planning}, volume = {110}, number = {}, pages = {102556}, doi = {10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2025.102556}, pmid = {39951873}, issn = {1873-7870}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Prejudice/prevention &amp; control ; *Program Evaluation/methods ; }, abstract = {"Follow the Science" was the cry heard worldwide during the COVID-19 global pandemic. This approach was used to develop evidence-based prevention measures (e.g., social distancing, hand washing, and mask-wearing), COVID treatments, and vaccines and to prevent significant declines in well-being (Donaldson, Cabrera, and Gaffaney, 2021). Leveraging this approach, the study aimed to understand promising ways to disrupt patterns of prejudice and its harmful consequences and identify the most exemplary interventions. The current study systematically reviewed 2515 published peer-reviewed studies included in 13 meta-analyses and systematic reviews on prejudice reduction interventions, using inclusion and exclusion criteria focused on gender and/or race/ethnicity. Phase 1 identified 13 studies, highlighting four exemplary evidence-based approaches: Contact Interventions, Perspective Taking, Interactive and Narrative Modalities, and Multi-faceted Interventions. These approaches presented notable success with the largest effect sizes and should be considered carefully when planning new prejudice reduction efforts. In Phase 2, the study extracted specific interventions from the 13 studies, identifying six specific exemplary interventions for mitigating prejudice and its adverse effects. The study discusses the implications of these findings for program planners and evaluators, suggesting the use of empirical insights to design post-COVID interventions, such as cultural exchange programs, virtual reality experiences, and cross-cultural music initiatives, to create meaningful social changes. Despite these practical insights, the study has limitations, including partial adherence to PRISMA guidelines and the omission of risk of bias assessment for individual studies.}, }
@article {pmid39951717, year = {2025}, author = {Agarwal, P and Fletcher, GG and Ramamoorthi, K and Yao, X and Bhattacharyya, O}, title = {Uses of Virtual Care in Primary Care: Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {e55007}, pmid = {39951717}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {*Primary Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; Humans ; *Telemedicine ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed an uptake in virtual care. However, the rapid shift left unanswered questions about the impact of virtual care on the quality of primary care and its appropriateness and effectiveness. Moving forward, health care providers require guidance on how best to use virtual care to support high-quality primary care.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify and summarize clinical studies and systematic reviews comparing virtual care and in-person care in primary care, with a focus on how virtual care can support key clinical functions such as triage, medical assessment and treatment, counseling, and rehabilitation in addition to the management of particular conditions.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a scoping review following an established framework. Comprehensive searches were performed across the following databases: Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Emcare, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Other well-known websites were also searched. PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines were followed. Articles were selected by considering article type, language, care provided, intervention, mode of care delivery, and sample size.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 13,667 articles were screened, and 219 (1.6%) articles representing 170 studies were included in the review. Of the 170 studies included, 142 (83.5%) were primary studies, and 28 (16.5%) were systematic reviews. The studies were grouped by functions of primary care, including triage (16/170, 9.4%), medical assessment and treatment of particular conditions (63/170, 37.1%), rehabilitation (17/170, 10%), and counseling (74/170, 43.5%). The studies suggested that many primary care functions could appropriately be conducted virtually. Virtual rehabilitation was comparable to in-person care and virtual counseling was found to be equally effective as in-person counseling in several contexts. Some of the studies indicated that many general primary care issues could be resolved virtually without the need for any additional follow-up, but data on diagnostic accuracy were limited. Virtual triage is clinically appropriate and led to fewer in-person visits, but overall impact on efficiency was unclear. Many studies found that virtual care was more convenient for many patients and provided care equivalent to in-person care for a range of conditions. Studies comparing appropriate antibiotic prescription between virtual and in-person care found variable impact by clinical condition. Studies on virtual chronic disease management observed variability in impact on overall disease control and clinical outcomes.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Virtual care can be safe and appropriate for triage and seems equivalent to in-person care for counseling and some rehabilitation services; however, further studies are needed to determine specific contexts or medical conditions where virtual care is appropriate for diagnosis, management outcomes, and other functions of primary care. Virtual care needs to be adapted to fit a new set of patient and provider workflows to demonstrate positive impacts on experience, outcomes, and costs of care.}, }
@article {pmid39951702, year = {2025}, author = {Snow, M and Silva-Ribeiro, W and Baginsky, M and Di Giorgio, S and Farrelly, N and Larkins, C and Poole, K and Steils, N and Westwood, J and Malley, J}, title = {Best Practices for Implementing Electronic Care Records in Adult Social Care: Rapid Scoping Review.}, journal = {JMIR aging}, volume = {8}, number = {}, pages = {e60107}, pmid = {39951702}, issn = {2561-7605}, mesh = {Humans ; *Electronic Health Records/organization &amp; administration/standards ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Social Work/organization &amp; administration ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the past decade, the use of digital or electronic records in social care has risen worldwide, capturing key information for service delivery. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated digitization in health and social care. For example, the UK government created a fund specifically for adult social care provider organizations to adopt digital social care records. These developments offer valuable learning opportunities for implementing digital care records in adult social care settings.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This rapid scoping review aimed to understand what is known about the implementation of digital care records in adult social care and how implementation varies across use cases, settings, and broader contexts.<br><br>METHODS: A scoping review methodology was used, with amendments made to enable a rapid review. Comprehensive searches based on the concepts of digital care records, social care, and interoperability were conducted across the MEDLINE, EmCare, Web of Science Core Collection, HMIC Health Management Information Consortium, Social Policy and Practice, and Social Services Abstracts databases. Studies published between 2018 and 2023 in English were included. One reviewer screened titles and abstracts, while 2 reviewers extracted data. Thematic analysis mapped findings against the nonadoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, and sustainability (NASSS) framework.<br><br>RESULTS: Our search identified 2499 references. After screening titles and abstracts, 71 records were selected for full-text review, resulting in 31 references from 29 studies. Studies originated from 11 countries, including 1 multicountry study, with the United Kingdom being the most represented (10/29, 34%). Studies were most often conducted in nursing homes or facilities (7/29, 24%) with older people as the target population (6/29, 21%). Health records were the most investigated record type (12/29, 41%). We identified 45 facilitators and 102 barriers to digital care record implementation across 28 studies, spanning 6 of the 7 NASSS framework domains and aligning with 5 overarching themes that require greater active management regarding implementation. Intended or actual implementation outcomes were reported in 17 (59%) of the 29 studies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that implementation is complex due to a lack of consensus on what digital care records and expected outcomes and impacts should look like. The literature often lacks clear definitions and robust study designs. To be successful, implementation should consider complexity, while studies should use robust frameworks and mixed methods or quantitative designs where appropriate. Future research should define the target population, gather data on carer or service user experiences, and focus on digital care records specifically used in social care.}, }
@article {pmid39951087, year = {2025}, author = {Berrueta, M and Ciapponi, A and Bardach, A and Ballivan, J and Brizuela, M and Castellana, N and Comande, D and Mazzoni, A and Parker, EPK and Sambade, JM and Kampmann, B and Stegelmann, K and Xiong, X and Stergachis, A and Munoz, FM and Buekens, P}, title = {Safe in Pregnancy and Safe in Children: Global Living Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Hub for Emergency Vaccines.}, journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal}, volume = {44}, number = {2S}, pages = {S111-S113}, doi = {10.1097/INF.0000000000004565}, pmid = {39951087}, issn = {1532-0987}, mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Child ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Lassa Fever/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Chikungunya Fever/prevention &amp; control ; Vaccine Development ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic encouraged rapid vaccine development, with a fast-evolving evidence base pre- and post-implementation. We developed a comprehensive web hub to promote swift information synthesis for present and future threats. By expanding our coronavirus disease 2019 periodically updated living systematic review to Chikungunya, Lassa fever, and Disease X, we will continuously capture data on vaccine safety and effectiveness.}, }
@article {pmid39951072, year = {2025}, author = {Deese, J and Schaible, K and Massierer, D and Tingir, N and Fell, DB and Atwell, JE}, title = {Systematic Literature Review of Maternal Antibodies in Human Milk Following Vaccination During Pregnancy or Lactation: Tetanus, Pertussis, Influenza and COVID-19.}, journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal}, volume = {44}, number = {2S}, pages = {S38-S42}, doi = {10.1097/INF.0000000000004634}, pmid = {39951072}, issn = {1532-0987}, mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Milk, Human/immunology ; *Lactation/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; Influenza, Human/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; Vaccination ; Whooping Cough/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; Tetanus/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Breast Feeding ; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired ; Infant ; *Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Human milk (HM) contributes to infant disease protection through transfer of numerous bioactive molecules, including antibodies, though the mechanisms that determine HM antibody transfer and disease prevention in the infant are not fully understood. Even less is known about the transfer of, and infant protection afforded by, vaccine-induced HM antibodies following vaccination during pregnancy or lactation. This systematic literature review aimed to summarize published evidence on the presence, duration and function of HM antibodies against pertussis, influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by vaccination during pregnancy or lactation and the associated protection against infant illness and to identify gaps to guide future research in this area.<br><br>METHODS: Literature searches were conducted on September 15, 2023, in MEDLINE and Embase for articles published since January 2000.<br><br>RESULTS: Eighteen studies reporting vaccine-induced antibodies in HM or protection against infant illness were included. The collective evidence supports increased and sustained HM antibody levels following influenza and COVID-19 vaccination while antipertussis HM antibody levels remained elevated for only approximately 4 weeks postvaccination. COVID-19 booster vaccination during pregnancy was found to prolong the half-life of immunoglobulin G antibodies in HM relative to the COVID-19 primary vaccination series. Only 2 studies evaluated illness among breastfed infants born to mothers vaccinated during pregnancy; however, neither distinguished the independent effects of transplacental transfer of vaccine-induced antibodies, HM transfer of vaccine-induced antibodies and HM transfer of naturally acquired antibodies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: HM antibody levels are increased following pertussis, influenza and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy or lactation. However, the limited evidence base precludes conclusions about any incremental benefit of breastfeeding following vaccination during pregnancy versus the benefit of breastfeeding alone and studies designed to address this question are needed to inform vaccine policy.}, }
@article {pmid39951070, year = {2025}, author = {Ballivian, J and Parker, EPK and Berrueta, M and Ciapponi, A and Argento, F and Bardach, A and Brizuela, M and Castellana, N and Comande, D and Kampmann, B and Mazzoni, A and Sambade, JM and Stegelmann, K and Xiong, X and Munoz, FM and Stergachis, A and Buekens, P}, title = {Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccines During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Comparison of Pregnant Versus Nonpregnant Persons.}, journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal}, volume = {44}, number = {2S}, pages = {S27-S31}, pmid = {39951070}, issn = {1532-0987}, mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood/immunology ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic induced the rapid deployment of novel vaccines with pregnant persons identified as an at-risk population due to their increased risk of severe outcomes. Limited data on the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant persons were available at the time of implementation. To address this data gap, we developed a living systematic review summarizing emerging evidence on vaccine immunogenicity in pregnancy.<br><br>METHODS: Following Cochrane, World Health Organization, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we included studies on COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy. We carried out comprehensive biweekly literature searches from March 2022 to October 2023, covering multiple databases. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted by pairs of authors independently. Immunogenicity outcomes, primarily post-vaccination neutralizing or binding antibody concentrations, were analyzed descriptively. Post-vaccination antibody ratios in pregnant versus nonpregnant individuals were calculated for the subset of studies that included nonpregnant comparators.<br><br>RESULTS: By October 2023, our review encompassed 62 studies predominantly analyzing maternal sera (87%), with limited investigation regarding cord, neonatal and infant sera. Most studies investigated mRNA vaccines (97%) and focused on primary vaccination (82%), with some investigating booster doses (15%). Immunogenicity end points included spike-specific IgG (84%) and neutralizing antibodies (24%), with limited data on T-cell responses (3%). Antibodies were detectable after primary vaccination in most pregnant individuals, with similar or modestly attenuated concentrations compared to nonpregnant individuals (ratios > 0.7 for 5/6 estimates of spike-specific IgG), albeit with modest differences in antibody quality and kinetics. Long-term antibody-waning trajectories were similar between pregnant and nonpregnant individuals for up to 8 months after vaccination.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: mRNA COVID-19 vaccines induce a robust antibody response during pregnancy comparable (or modestly attenuated) relative to nonpregnant individuals. Immunogenicity data on non-mRNA vaccines are notably underrepresented in the existing literature.}, }
@article {pmid39949953, year = {2025}, author = {Gomes, RZ and Salina, MVJ and Pironatto, VHM and Lepinski, JK and Gueiber, TD and Juliatto, BMS and Prestes, MZ and Martins, CM}, title = {Portal-splenic-mesenteric venous thrombosis in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review.}, journal = {Jornal vascular brasileiro}, volume = {24}, number = {}, pages = {e20230128}, pmid = {39949953}, issn = {1677-7301}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic affected millions of people worldwide. In addition to respiratory impairment, this viral infection can also provoke gastrointestinal symptoms caused by vascular disorders, such as portal-splenic-mesenteric venous thrombosis (PSMVT). This systematic review aimed to investigate the profile of patients who developed PSMVT concomitant with or after viral infection and its predominant outcomes. The database searches returned 214 articles. Of these, 40 case reports were included in the review, presenting a total of 41 cases of PSMVT addressed. Males were more prevalent (n=27; 65.85%), mean age was 51.54 years, and 19.57% had a previous history of endocrine diseases. Statistically significant relationships (p<0.05) were found between patient death and tachypnea at hospital admission (p=0.043) and between patient death and age (p=0.019). It was therefore possible to identify the main profiles and risk factors for PSMVT development and mortality of COVID-19 infected patients.}, }
@article {pmid39949202, year = {2025}, author = {Rivas, C and Moore, AP and Thomson, A and Anand, K and Lal, ZZ and Wu, AF and Aksoy, O}, title = {Intersecting factors of disadvantage and discrimination and their effect on daily life during the coronavirus pandemic: the CICADA-ME mixed-methods study.}, journal = {Health and social care delivery research}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {1-185}, doi = {10.3310/KYTF4381}, pmid = {39949202}, issn = {2755-0079}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Persons with Disabilities/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Male ; Female ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adult ; Pandemics ; Qualitative Research ; *Ethnicity/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Adaptation, Psychological ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated pre-existing societal inequities. Our study addresses the dearth of studies on how intersecting factors of disadvantage and discrimination affected pandemic daily life for disabled people from minoritised ethnic groups, aiming to improve their experiences and social, health and well-being outcomes.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: Through an intersectionality lens, to: explore and compare, by location and time, survey and qualitative data on changing needs for social, health and well-being outcomes relate coping strategies/solutions to these explore formal and informal network issues/affordances gain insights from synthesising our data contextualise and explore transferability of findings co-create outputs with stakeholders.<br><br>DESIGN: Mixed-methods, asset-based, underpinned by embodiment disability models and intersectionality, integrating three strands: (secondary): analysis of existing cohort/panel data, literature review (primary: quantitative): new survey (n&#x2005;=&#x2005;4326), three times over 18 months (primary: qualitative): semistructured interviews (n&#x2005;=&#x2005;271), interviewee co-create workshops (n&#x2005;=&#x2005;104) 5 and 10 months later, mixed stakeholder co-design workshops (n&#x2005;=&#x2005;30) for rapid-impact solutions to issues, key informant interviews (n&#x2005;=&#x2005;4).<br><br>SETTING: United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.<br><br>PARTICIPANTS: Strand 2: community-dwelling migrants, White British comparators, with/without disability. Strand 3: focus on Arab, South Asian, African, Central/East European, or White British heritage with/without disability.<br><br>RESULTS: We found strong adherence to pandemic restrictions (where accommodation, economic situations and disability allowed) due to COVID-19 vulnerabilities. High vaccine hesitancy (despite eventual uptake) resulted from side-effect concerns and (mis)trust in the government. Many relied on food banks, local organisations, communities and informal networks. Pandemic-related income loss was common, particularly affecting undocumented migrants. Participants reported a crisis in mental health care, non-holistic social and housing care, and inaccessible, poor-quality and discriminatory remote health/social care. They preferred private care (which they could not easily afford), community or self-help online support. Lower socioeconomic status, mental health and mobility issues reduced well-being. Individual and community assets and coping strategies mitigated some issues, adapted over different pandemic phases, and focused on empowerment, self-reflection, self-care and social connectivity. Technology needs cut across these.<br><br>LIMITATIONS: We could not explore area-level social distancing and infection rates. Data collection was largely online, possibly excluding some older, digitally deprived or more disabled participants. Participants engaged differently in online and face-to-face co-create workshops. Our qualitative data over-represent England and South Asian people and use contestable categories.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Different intersecting factors led to different experiences, with low socioeconomic status particularly significant. Overall, disability and minoritised ethnic identities led to worse pandemic experiences. Our co-design work shows how to build on the assets and strengths; simple changes in professional communication and understanding should improve experience. Minoritised groups can easily be involved in policy and practice decision-making, reducing marginalisation, with better &#x441;are and outcomes.<br><br>FUTURE WORK: More research is needed on: (1) the impact of the post-pandemic economic situation and migration policies on migrant mental health/well-being; (2) supporting empowerment strategies across disadvantaged intersecting identities; and (3) technological deprivation and the cultural and disability-relevant acceptability of remote consultations. We found some differences in the devolved nations, which need elucidation.<br><br>STUDY REGISTRATION: This study is registered as ISRCTN40370, PROSPERO CRD42021262590 and CRD42022355254.<br><br>FUNDING: This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR132914) and is published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 13, No. 2. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.}, }
@article {pmid39949024, year = {2025}, author = {Li, S and Li, R and Li, Y and Hu, Y and Liu, Y and Qin, J and Qin, Z and Feng, Q and Sheng, Z and Li, C and Peng, J}, title = {Combination of Evans syndrome and COVID-19: a systematic review of reported cases.}, journal = {Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2450/BloodTransfus.860}, pmid = {39949024}, issn = {2385-2070}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evans syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by simultaneous or sequential primary immune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Despite the low incidence of Evans syndrome after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, its progression may threaten public health. This review offers an up-to-date summary of the works on the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Evans syndrome to explore the pathogenic mechanisms, epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, diagnostic markers, and treatment strategies.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched PubMed and Web of Science to identify articles that explored the relationship between COVID-19 and Evans syndrome. We collected and organized all reported cases of Evans syndrome following COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 vaccination over the past 4 years and also expanded the search to examine other cases of post-infection Evans syndrome.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirteen cases were included with an average age of 42 years of whom 12 survived and one died. Two cases were associated with pregnancy and four with vaccination, two involved epileptic seizures, and three had a history of autoimmune disease.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Patients with Evans syndrome and exposure to SARS-CoV-2 have a potential risk of bleeding. This risk should prompt close monitoring of bleeding biomarker dynamics and early initiation of hemostatic treatments, including platelet transfusion, corticosteroids, thrombopoietin receptor agonists, intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab.}, }
@article {pmid39948788, year = {2025}, author = {Tian, J and Khan, H and Luo, L and Dai, L and Pan, J}, title = {Bibliometric analysis of the impacts of COVID-19 on the mental health of college students.}, journal = {JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association}, volume = {75}, number = {2}, pages = {265-274}, doi = {10.47391/JPMA.11284}, pmid = {39948788}, issn = {0030-9982}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Students/psychology ; *Mental Health ; *Bibliometrics ; Universities ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; *Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Depression/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {The current narrative review was planned to summarise research on the effects of coronavirus disease-2019 on the mental health of college students. A total of 1,695 studies from the Web of Science Core Collections database were accessed using VOSviewer software. China and the United States jointly contributed almost half of the overall publications, while the United States and the United Kingdom demonstrated the strongest collaborative network, and the University of Toronto was the research institution with the highest number of publications; 34(2%) papers and 2,330 citations. The current hotspots could be categorised into four areas, with stress, anxiety and depression being the most prominent. Those effects varied based on their academic major, gender, learning status and social support. The findings underscored the immediate need to cultivate international collaboration and interdisciplinary authorship, alongside the implementation of tailored preventive measures.}, }
@article {pmid39948450, year = {2025}, author = {Sumsuzzman, DM and Ye, Y and Wang, Z and Pandey, A and Langley, JM and Galvani, AP and Moghadas, SM}, title = {Impact of disease severity, age, sex, comorbidity, and vaccination on secondary attack rates of SARS-CoV-2: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {215}, pmid = {39948450}, issn = {1471-2334}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/transmission/prevention &amp; control ; Severity of Illness Index ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Comorbidity ; Age Factors ; Sex Factors ; Male ; Global Health ; Female ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Understanding the key drivers of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is essential for shaping effective public health strategies. However, transmission risk is subject to substantial heterogeneity related to disease severity, age, sex, comorbidities, and vaccination status in different population settings and regions. We aimed to quantify the impact of these factors on secondary attack rates (SARs) of SARS-CoV-2 across diverse population settings and regions, and identify key determinants of transmission to inform targeted interventions for improving global pandemic response.<br><br>METHODS: To retrieve relevant literature covering the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, we searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register between January 1, 2020 and January 18, 2024 to identify studies estimating SARs of SARS-CoV-2, defined as the proportion of close contacts infected. We pooled SAR estimates using a random-effects model with the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation and derived Clopper-Pearson 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42024503782.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 159 eligible studies, involving over 19 million close contacts and 6.8 million cases from 41 countries across five continents, were included in the analysis. SARs increased with disease severity in index cases, ranging from 0.10 (95% CI: 0.06-0.14; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;99.65%) in asymptomatic infection to 0.15 (95% CI: 0.09-0.21; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;92.49%) in those with severe or critical conditions. SARs by age were lowest at 0.20 (95% CI: 0.16-0.23; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;99.44%) for close contacts under 18&#xa0;years and highest at 0.29 (95% CI: 0.24-0.34; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;99.65%) for index cases aged 65&#xa0;years or older. Among both index cases and close contacts, pooled SAR estimates were highest for Omicron and lowest for Delta, and declined with increasing vaccine doses. Regionally, North America had the highest SAR at 0.27 (95% CI: 0.24-0.30; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;99.31%), significantly surpassing SARs in Europe (0.19; 95% CI: 0.15-0.25; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;99.99%), Southeast Asia (0.18; 95% CI: 0.13-0.24; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;99.24%), and the Western Pacific (0.11; 95% CI: 0.08-0.15; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;99.95%). Among close contacts with comorbidities, chronic lung disease and hypertension were associated with the highest SARs. No significant association was found between SARs and the sex of either index cases or close contacts.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Secondary attack rates varied substantially by demographic and regional characteristics of the studied populations. Our findings demonstrate the role of booster vaccinations in curbing transmission, underscoring the importance of maintaining population immunity as variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to emerge. Effective pandemic responses should prioritise tailored interventions that consider population demographics and social dynamics across different regions.}, }
@article {pmid39948338, year = {2025}, author = {Zhao, C and Zhang, T and Guo, L and Sun, S and Miao, Y and Yung, CF and Tomlinson, J and Stolyarov, K and Shchomak, Z and Poovorawan, Y and Nokes, DJ and Muñoz-Almagro, C and Mandelboim, M and Keck, JW and Langley, JM and Heikkinen, T and Deng, J and Colson, P and Chakhunashvili, G and Caballero, MT and Bont, L and Feikin, DR and Nair, H and Wang, X and Li, Y and , }, title = {Characterising the asynchronous resurgence of common respiratory viruses following the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {1610}, pmid = {39948338}, issn = {2041-1723}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; 82473692//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 82404372//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/epidemiology ; Metapneumovirus ; Rhinovirus ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic and relevant non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) interrupted the circulation of common respiratory viruses. These viruses demonstrated an unprecedented asynchronous resurgence as NPIs were relaxed. We compiled a global dataset from a systematic review, online surveillance reports and unpublished data from Respiratory Virus Global Epidemiology Network, encompassing 92 sites. We compared the resurgence timings of respiratory viruses within each site and synthesised differences in timings across sites, using a generalised linear mixed-effects model. We revealed a distinct sequential timing in the first post-pandemic resurgence: rhinovirus resurged the earliest, followed by seasonal coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus and influenza A virus, with influenza B virus exhibiting the latest resurgence. Similar sequential timing was observed in the second resurgence except influenza A virus caught up with metapneumovirus. The consistent asynchrony across geographical regions suggests that virus-specific characteristics, rather than location-specific factors, determining the relative timing of resurgence.}, }
@article {pmid39948217, year = {2025}, author = {Hassan, O and Elbhairy, AA and Siam, AM and Abdelwahab, T and Hamad, AA and Mahmoud, OE and Nabeh, OA}, title = {Evaluating the safety and efficacy of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir therapy in pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {European journal of clinical pharmacology}, volume = {81}, number = {4}, pages = {495-506}, pmid = {39948217}, issn = {1432-1041}, mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Ritonavir/adverse effects/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; COVID-19 ; *Antiviral Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; Drug Combinations ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Treatment Outcome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: Pregnant women are at heightened risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. However, treatment options during pregnancy remain limited due to concerns over their safety and efficacy.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the safety and efficacy of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in pregnant women diagnosed with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The analysis focused on cases where the treatment was initiated within five days of symptom onset. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed to comprehensively evaluate outcomes across maternal, delivery, and neonatal domains.<br><br>RESULTS: In line with PRISMA guidelines, six studies involving a total of 427 pregnant patients were included in the analysis. Hospitalization was reported in 2% of patients (95% CI: 1%-5%), with low heterogeneity across studies (I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;21.9%). Drug discontinuation and new-onset gestational diabetes (NOGDM) had a pooled estimate of 0.7% (95% CI: 3% to 15%) and 4.0% (95% CI: 1% to 16%), respectively, with substantial heterogeneity (I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;64.7% and 66.5%), respectively. New-onset gestational hypertension (NOGHTN) had a pooled estimate of 4% (95% CI: 1% to 26%), with considerable heterogeneity (I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;78.81%). For neonatal outcomes, the pooled estimate for birth weight was 3186 g (95% CI: 3123-3248 g; I[2]&#x2009;=&#x2009;0%), and no maternal or neonatal deaths were reported across the included studies.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir appears safe and effective for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in pregnant women, with low rates of hospitalization and adverse maternal outcomes. Larger, randomized studies are crucial to confirm these findings and ensure safety in diverse populations.}, }
@article {pmid39947978, year = {2025}, author = {Piroth, L and Moretto, F and Sixt, T and Blot, M}, title = {[Viral complications of biotherapies/targeted anti-inflammatory therapies].}, journal = {La Revue de medecine interne}, volume = {46}, number = {3}, pages = {146-154}, doi = {10.1016/j.revmed.2024.12.007}, pmid = {39947978}, issn = {1768-3122}, mesh = {Humans ; *Virus Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/chemically induced ; *Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; *Biological Therapy/adverse effects ; *Biological Products/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {By the end of the nineties, new immunomodulatory options impacting on the determinants of many immune-mediated diseases became available. These drugs were also called biologicals. Their use was associated with a significant improvement in the management of the patients and on their clinical evolution over time. On the other hand, their use was found to be also associated with an over-risk of infectious complications, in particular of viral origin, even though the savings of other at-risk treatments (e.g. corticosteroids or cyclophosphamide) allowed by these new therapies could have contributed to reduce it. These viral infections may be linked to an increased susceptibility to new infections because of impaired immunity and/or lower responsiveness to vaccination, to a higher risk of reactivation of latent infections, and to a higher severity than observed in the general population. Viruses mostly involved are respiratory (influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV2), Varicella-Zoster, hepatitis B, or JC viruses, in particular. The viral risk depends not only on the type of biologicals, but also on the underlying disease, the associated comorbidities, the associated treatments, the epidemiological environment, and the individual and collective immunity. At an individual level, prevention and management of the infectious risk are of utmost importance in the global management of patients on biologicals.}, }
@article {pmid39947217, year = {2025}, author = {Proal, AD and Aleman, S and Bomsel, M and Brodin, P and Buggert, M and Cherry, S and Chertow, DS and Davies, HE and Dupont, CL and Deeks, SG and Ely, EW and Fasano, A and Freire, M and Geng, LN and Griffin, DE and Henrich, TJ and Hewitt, SM and Iwasaki, A and Krumholz, HM and Locci, M and Marconi, VC and Mehandru, S and Muller-Trutwin, M and Painter, MM and Pretorius, E and Price, DA and Putrino, D and Qian, Y and Roan, NR and Salmon, D and Tan, GS and VanElzakker, MB and Wherry, EJ and Van Weyenbergh, J and Yonker, LM and Peluso, MJ}, title = {Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in long COVID.}, journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {5}, pages = {e294-e306}, doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00769-2}, pmid = {39947217}, issn = {1474-4457}, support = {K23 AI157875/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 NS136197/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/virology/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology/drug effects ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; }, abstract = {There are no approved treatments for post-COVID-19 condition (also known as long COVID), a debilitating disease state following SARS-CoV-2 infection that is estimated to affect tens of millions of people. A growing body of evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 can persist for months or years following COVID-19 in a subset of individuals, with this reservoir potentially driving long-COVID symptoms or sequelae. There is, therefore, an urgent need for clinical trials targeting persistent SARS-CoV-2, and several trials of antivirals or monoclonal antibodies for long COVID are underway. However, because mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 persistence are not yet fully understood, such studies require important considerations related to the mechanism of action of candidate therapeutics, participant selection, duration of treatment, standardisation of reservoir-associated biomarkers and measurables, optimal outcome assessments, and potential combination approaches. In addition, patient subgroups might respond to some interventions or combinations of interventions, making post-hoc analyses crucial. Here, we outline these and other key considerations, with the goal of informing the design, implementation, and interpretation of trials in this rapidly growing field. Our recommendations are informed by knowledge gained from trials targeting the HIV reservoir, hepatitis C, and other RNA viruses, as well as precision oncology, which share many of the same hurdles facing long-COVID trials.}, }
@article {pmid39946827, year = {2025}, author = {Olivieri, G and Amodio, D and Manno, EC and Santilli, V and Cotugno, N and Palma, P}, title = {Shielding the immunocompromised: COVID-19 prevention strategies for patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {51}, number = {}, pages = {126853}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126853}, pmid = {39946827}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *Immunocompromised Host/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology ; *Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology/complications ; *Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases/immunology ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Vaccination ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted immunocompromised patients, particularly those with inborn errors of immunity (IEI), transplant recipients, hematologic malignancies, and those undergoing treatment with immunosuppressive biologics and medications. These patients face an elevated risk of experiencing severe or even fatal consequences following SARS-CoV-2 infections. Vaccination is the primary defense against COVID-19; however, immune responses following immunization are often suboptimal in these patients, with variable specific humoral response rates. Despite the expedited regulatory approval and the widespread implementation of COVID-19 vaccines, the efficacy and safety for immunocompromised populations require thorough investigation. In future pandemics, including vulnerable populations (VPs) in vaccine and monoclonal antibody (mAb) trials is crucial to develop safe, effective immunization strategies, address gaps in vaccine efficacy and safety data, and create tailored guidelines for at-risk groups. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and mAbs in patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency, with a specific focus on individuals with IEI, considering previous regulatory aspects and the necessity of including VPs in vaccine trials to enhance the quality of patient care and promote equitable health outcomes in future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid39946361, year = {2025}, author = {Gu, JM and Zhang, SN and Xiao, SY and Jia, MY and Tu, JF and Han, GL}, title = {Effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) as an adjunctive therapy in distinct stages of patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, pages = {e0318892}, pmid = {39946361}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to millions of infected cases and deaths worldwide. Clinical practice and clinical trials in China suggested that integrated Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and conventional Western monotherapy (ICW) have achieved significant clinical effectiveness in treating COVID-19 patients.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This article aims to systematically evaluate the effects of ICW in treating patients at distinct stages of COVID-19. The most frequently used components of the CHM formulas have been summarized to define the most promising drug candidates.<br><br>METHODS: In this meta-analysis, seven databases up to May 20, 2024, were systematically searched to collect relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies (CSs). Difference in mean (MD) or ratio risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was utilized for data processing analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 46 studies, consisting of 24 RCTs and 22 CSs, and 10492 patients were included. ICW group showed significant improvement over the conventional Western monotherapy (CWM) group at all stages of COVID-19 patients. ICW therapy was effective in improving recovery rate of chest CT (RR = 1.21, 95%CI [1.13,1.29]), shortening negativity time of nucleic acid (MD = -2.14,95% CI [-3.70, -0.58]), suppressing the transition of mild/moderate patients into severe conditions (RR = 0.45, 95% CI [0.33,0.62]), and reducing mortality (RR = 0.45, 95% CI [0.37,0.55]) for severe/critical COVID-19. Furthermore, compared with severe/critical patients, mild/moderate COVID-19 patients proved more effective after being treated with ICW therapy. They had a higher recovery rate of chest CT manifestations (75.4% vs. 69.1%), shorter negativity time of nucleic acid (9.21 d vs. 14.89 d), reduced time to clinical symptom reduction (3.85d vs. 11d) and shortened days of hospital stays (15.9d vs 19.1d). As for inflammatory markers analysis, ICW regimens decreased the level of lymphocytes in mild/moderate and severe/critical patients (MD = -0.15, 95% CI [-0.18, -0.13]), but no statistical difference was observed in white blood cell count and neutrophils count (MD = 0.02, 95% CI [-0.14, -0.18]; MD = 0.22,95% CI [-0.7, 1.15], respectively). A different tendency was found in the C-reactive protein level, which significantly decreased at the early stage of COVID-19 in the ICW group (MD = 2.56, 95%CI [1.28,3.83]).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrates the significant superiority of ICW over single western monotherapy in improving clinical efficacy at distinct stages of Chinese COVID-19 patients. Subgroup analysis further showed that the earlier intervention of CHM may contribute to a better therapeutic effect.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO ID: CRD42023401200.}, }
@article {pmid39945606, year = {2025}, author = {Hong, C and Brandenburg, D and Pushpanadh, S and Bermoy, KK}, title = {Sexual Satisfaction Among Sexual Minority Men During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of sex research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-13}, doi = {10.1080/00224499.2025.2460669}, pmid = {39945606}, issn = {1559-8519}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread disruptions in various aspects of life, including sexual well-being and satisfaction, with sexual minority men (SMM) facing unique challenges. Understanding the impact of the pandemic on their sexual satisfaction is crucial for addressing SMM-specific needs and promoting sexual well-being. This scoping review aimed to comprehensively examine the existing literature on sexual satisfaction and its associated factors among SMM during the pandemic. After a literature search and review from six electronic databases according to PRISMA guidelines, only n = 8 studies met the eligibility criteria. Findings suggested that the evidence on the impact of the pandemic on sexual satisfaction was mixed. While some studies suggested that COVID-19 facilitated a more rapid establishment of sexual relationships, others claimed that lockdown measures prevented individuals from seeking sexual partners, resulting in lower satisfaction with their sex life. Greater sexual satisfaction was associated with younger age, being in a relationship, and residing in a large urban center. Conversely, it was negatively associated with distress, loss of connections to friends and the queer community, and experiencing relationship conflict. We thus highlight the complex interplay between the COVID-19 pandemic and sexual satisfaction among SMM. Further research is warranted to explore longitudinal trends, investigate the mechanisms underlying the identified associations, and develop targeted services to mitigate negative impacts and enhance sexual satisfaction among SMM. There is also a pressing need for research in low- to middle-income settings, where pervasive stigma surrounding sex may heighten vulnerabilities of SMM.}, }
@article {pmid39945077, year = {2025}, author = {Morais, TO and de Medeiros, GCBS and de Medeiros, KS and Mendes, TGM and Leite-Lais, L and Lopes, MMGD}, title = {Severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized pediatric patients with obesity: A systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition}, volume = {80}, number = {5}, pages = {783-791}, doi = {10.1002/jpn3.70017}, pmid = {39945077}, issn = {1536-4801}, support = {//None/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/therapy/epidemiology ; Child ; *Pediatric Obesity/complications/epidemiology ; *Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Severity of Illness Index ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Respiration, Artificial/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Length of Stay/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {This review is intended to evaluate the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized pediatric patients with obesity. The increased risk of hospitalization in pediatric patients with obesity highlights the need for a thorough investigation into the impact of COVID-19 in this vulnerable population, given the significant public health challenges obesity presents in this age group. The review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), LILACS (scientific health information from Latin America and the Caribbean countries), Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases for relevant articles published between December 2019 and November 2021. Observational studies (cross-sectional and cohort) involving pediatric patients with obesity who tested positive for COVID-19, were hospitalized, and had outcomes related to disease severity parameters such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation) were included. The quality of evidence from the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale. Extracted data included the author, year, country, study design, aim, population, outcomes/severity, and primary results. Eight studies were included in the review. A narrative synthesis was conducted to qualitatively summarize the findings, highlighting that obesity is a potential aggravating factor in the clinical presentation of COVID-19 among hospitalized pediatric patients. The findings revealed a positive association between the pediatric population with obesity and COVID-19 severity, particularly among adolescents, who were at greater risk of developing severe illness. This association was also evident in higher rates of ICU admission and increased use of mechanical ventilation.}, }
@article {pmid40206686, year = {2024}, author = {Raissi Dehkordi, N and Raissi Dehkordi, N and Karimi Toudeshki, K and Farjoo, MH}, title = {Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis of Long QT Syndrome: A Review of Current State, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.}, journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {21-31}, pmid = {40206686}, issn = {2949-7612}, abstract = {Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a potentially life-threatening cardiac repolarization disorder characterized by an increased risk of fatal arrhythmias. Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for risk stratification and appropriate management. However, traditional diagnostic approaches have limitations, necessitating more objective and efficient tools. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions by enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of electrocardiography (ECG) interpretation. The AI algorithms can process ECG data more rapidly than human experts, providing real-time analysis and prompt identification of individuals at risk, and reducing interobserver variability. By analyzing large volumes of ECG data, AI algorithms can extract meaningful features that may not be apparent to the human eye. Advancements in AI-driven corrected QT interval monitoring using mobile ECG devices, such as smartwatches, offer a valuable and convenient tool for identifying individuals at risk of LQTS-related complications, which is particularly applicable during pandemic conditions, such as COVID-19. Integration of AI into clinical practice poses a number of challenges. Bias in data gathering and patient privacy concerns are important considerations that must be addressed. Safeguarding patient privacy and ensuring data protection are crucial for maintaining trust in AI-driven systems. In addition, the interpretability of AI algorithms is a concern because understanding the decision-making process is essential for clinicians to trust and confidently use these tools. Future perspectives in this field may involve the integration of AI into diagnostic protocols, through genetic subtype classifications on the basis of ECG data. Moreover, explainable AI techniques aim to uncover ECG features associated with LQTS diagnosis, suggesting new insights into LQTS pathophysiology.}, }
@article {pmid40303661, year = {2023}, author = {Abozeid, HH}, title = {Global Emergence of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Variants: Evolution, Immunity, and Vaccination Challenges.}, journal = {Transboundary and emerging diseases}, volume = {2023}, number = {}, pages = {1144924}, pmid = {40303661}, issn = {1865-1682}, mesh = {*Infectious bronchitis virus/genetics/immunology ; Animals ; *Poultry Diseases/virology/prevention &amp; control/immunology/epidemiology ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology ; *Coronavirus Infections/veterinary/prevention &amp; control/virology/epidemiology/immunology ; *Vaccination/veterinary ; Chickens ; Genetic Variation ; }, abstract = {Infectious bronchitis is an acute, extremely contagious viral disease affecting chickens of all ages, leading to devastating economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Affected chickens show respiratory distress and/or nephritis, in addition to decrease of egg production and quality in layers. The avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is a rapidly evolving virus due to the high frequency of mutations and recombination events that are common in coronaviruses. This leads to the continual emergence of novel genotypes that show variable or poor crossprotection. The immune response against IBV is complex. Passive, innate and adaptive humoral and cellular immunity play distinct roles in protection against IBV. Despite intensive vaccination using the currently available live-attenuated and inactivated IBV vaccines, IBV continues to circulate, evolve, and trigger outbreaks worldwide, indicating the urgent need to update the current vaccines to control the emerging variants. Different approaches for preparation of IBV vaccines, including DNA, subunit, peptides, virus-like particles, vectored and recombinant vaccines, have been tested in many studies to combat the disease. This review focuses on several key aspects related to IBV, including its clinical significance, the functional structure of the virus, the factors that contribute to its evolution and diversity, the types of immune responses against IBV, and the characteristics of both current and emerging IBV vaccines. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of IBV and explore the emergence of variants, their dissemination around the world, and the challenges to define the efficient vaccination strategies.}, }
@article {pmid40078906, year = {2023}, author = {Wang, Z and Cheng, F and Xu, Y and Li, X and Meng, S}, title = {Role of innate immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {Biosafety and health}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, pages = {280-288}, pmid = {40078906}, issn = {2590-0536}, abstract = {During severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, activated macrophages, dendritic cells (D.C.), neutrophils, and natural killer (N.K.) cells are the first defense against infection. These immune effectors trap and ingest the virus, kill infected epithelial cells, or produce anti-viral cytokines. Evidence suggests that aging, obesity, and mental illness can lead to weakened innate immunity and, thus, are all associated with elevated infection and severe disease progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Innate immune defense networks play a fundamental role in suppressing viral replication, infection establishment, and viral pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.}, }
@article {pmid40078910, year = {2023}, author = {Li, Y and Lan, J and Wong, G}, title = {Advances in treatment strategies for COVID-19: Insights from other coronavirus diseases and prospects.}, journal = {Biosafety and health}, volume = {5}, number = {5}, pages = {272-279}, pmid = {40078910}, issn = {2590-0536}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the third human disease outbreak caused by an emerging coronavirus in the 21st century. Caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the COVID-19 pandemic has been the most devastating, with millions of deaths. Medical countermeasures are needed to limit the number of infections and fatalities. Here, we discuss advances in clinical and research-based treatment methods for SARS-CoV-2 that were initially derived from treatments for other coronaviruses. Recent advances in SARS-CoV-2 treatments, from traditional drugs and immunotherapies to artificial intelligence to predict potential future treatment methods, are summarized and discussed.}, }
@article {pmid40303741, year = {2023}, author = {Moloney, GK and Gaubert, P and Gryseels, S and Verheyen, E and Chaber, AL}, title = {Investigating Infectious Organisms of Public Health Concern Associated with Wild Meat.}, journal = {Transboundary and emerging diseases}, volume = {2023}, number = {}, pages = {5901974}, pmid = {40303741}, issn = {1865-1682}, mesh = {Animals ; *Animals, Wild/microbiology/parasitology ; *Meat/microbiology/parasitology/virology ; *Zoonoses/microbiology/parasitology/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Public Health ; }, abstract = {The wild meat trade poses a significant threat to public health as it facilitates the spillover of zoonotic pathogens through high-risk activities such as the hunting, butchering, trade, and consumption of wild animals. Despite the health risks and association with marking epidemics including SARS, Ebola, and COVID-19, the global wild meat trade continues to thrive. To summarize the evidence available, primary literature published between 2000 and 2022 was systematically and critically assessed for evidence of zoonotic pathogens or other infectious organisms detected in samples directly from wild meat, from animals hunted for wild meat, or from humans exposed through high-risk activities. Within the 97 articles analyzed, a total of 114 pathogen genera (15 viruses, 40 bacteria, 54 parasites, and 5 fungi) were detected in wild meat animals belonging to 168 vertebrate species including mammals, reptiles and birds sampled in 32 countries. In the context of wild meat specifically, infectious organisms were differentiated between those with zoonotic potential (32% of reported genera), ectoparasitic vectors (1%), and possible opportunistic or environmental contaminants. Thirteen viral, four bacterial, and one parasitic genera were also documented in humans participating in wild meat trade activities, supporting pathogen spillover potential. Most studies employed a targeted approach to evaluate the presence of (i.e., polymerase chain reaction (PCR); n = 65) or exposure to (i.e., ELISA; n = 19) a specific pathogen, while only one study employed broad-spectrum metabarcoding techniques. The diversity of infectious organisms associated with wild meat are highlighted through this review and could be used to guide policy development. However, the common use of a selected set of targeted detection assays likely biases the exploration of pathogen diversity, therefore potentially preventing the discovery of "disease x". The global health risk demonstrated should make the illegal wild meat trade a priority for law-enforcement agencies and future research.}, }
@article {pmid39958382, year = {2023}, author = {Shi, Y and Wang, M and Wu, L and Li, X and Liao, Z}, title = {COVID-19 associated liver injury: An updated review on the mechanisms and management of risk groups.}, journal = {Liver research (Beijing, China)}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {207-215}, pmid = {39958382}, issn = {2542-5684}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with various liver injury cases worldwide. To date, the prevalence, mechanism, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and outcomes of COVID-19-induced liver injury in various at-risk groups are not well defined. Liver injury may arise in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from direct causes such as viral infection and indirect causes such as systemic inflammation, hypoxic changes, and drugs that exacerbate any pre-existing liver disease. Studies have found that patients with underlying liver disease are at higher risk of COVID-19-induced liver injury. Certain condition of cardiopulmonary and metabolic diseases and vulnerable stages in lifespan may also involve in the development of COVID-19-induced liver injury. This review summarized studies of COVID-19-induced liver injury in different at-risk groups regarding their clinical characteristics, parameters, and correlations of the severity with these indicators and signs as well as potential treatment suggestions, to increase attention to physiological and pathological conditions and continue liver function monitoring as they can help in strengthening early supportive treatment and reducing the incidence of adverse outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid40078223, year = {2023}, author = {Ma, L and Zhao, W and Huang, T and Jin, E and Wu, G and Zhao, W and Bao, Y}, title = {On the collection and integration of SARS-CoV-2 genome data.}, journal = {Biosafety and health}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {204-210}, pmid = {40078223}, issn = {2590-0536}, abstract = {Genome data of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential for virus diagnosis, vaccine development, and variant surveillance. To archive and integrate worldwide SARS-CoV-2 genome data, a series of resources have been constructed, serving as a fundamental infrastructure for SARS-CoV-2 research, pandemic prevention and control, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapy. Here we present an overview of extant SARS-CoV-2 resources that are devoted to genome data deposition and integration. We review deposition resources in data accessibility, metadata standardization, data curation and annotation; review integrative resources in data source, de-redundancy processing, data curation and quality assessment, and variant annotation. Moreover, we address issues that impede SARS-CoV-2 genome data integration, including low-complexity, inconsistency and absence of isolate name, sequence inconsistency, asynchronous update of genome data, and mismatched metadata. We finally provide insights into data standardization consensus and data submission guidelines, to promote SARS-CoV-2 genome data sharing and integration.}, }
@article {pmid40206609, year = {2023}, author = {Nguyen, AM and Rivera, AM and Gualtieri, L}, title = {A New Health Care Paradigm: The Power of Digital Health and E-Patients.}, journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, pages = {203-209}, pmid = {40206609}, issn = {2949-7612}, abstract = {The integration of digital health into the field of medicine has seen a marked increase with the advancement of technology. Before the pandemic, a marked portion of the adult population, more than 66%, owned smartphones, and approximately 15% owned wearables. The widespread use of such devices, along with the effect of COVID-19 pandemic, has led to a transformation in health care culture that prioritizes cocreation, codesign, and collaboration. This shift promotes a model of health care centered on patient empowerment and self-management. In a recent interview with Dave deBronkart, known as e-Patient Dave, we revisited the possibilities of this new approach aimed at empowering, engaging, and equipping e-patients in the context of the pandemic. This interview with deBronkart was originally used for a graduate course on digital health. However, after noticing many reoccurring themes throughout the discussion, we decided to further explore this matter. It was discovered that participatory medicine is a new paradigm in health care, which challenges the conventional, paternalistic model and emphasizes the importance of a collaborative relationship between patients and providers. The realization of the full potential of health care can be achieved by promoting patient engagement and activation through the adoption of participatory medicine.}, }
@article {pmid40303240, year = {2023}, author = {Kamrath, C and Eckert, AJ and Holl, RW and Rosenbauer, J}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.}, journal = {Pediatric diabetes}, volume = {2023}, number = {}, pages = {7660985}, pmid = {40303240}, issn = {1399-5448}, mesh = {Humans ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; Child ; Adolescent ; Incidence ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the incidence of type 1 diabetes and frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis. However, the exact relationships are unclear. It is also not known whether this is a short-term phenomenon or whether the effects have long-term relevance. Furthermore, it is not known whether these changes during the pandemic are due to direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 or to changes in the patient's environment during the pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted an extensive literature search on PubMed. For the estimation of relative risks of new-onset type 1 diabetes, we applied a Poisson regression model and for the comparison of incidences and we included the logarithm of person-years. Furthermore, we performed a meta-analysis using the logarithm of the relative risk for new-onset type 1 diabetes as effect size.<br><br>RESULTS: Pooling the relative risk estimates in a random-effects meta-analysis revealed that the type 1 diabetes incidence rate increased by 20% (relative risk 1.200 (95% CI 1.125, 1.281)), and that the risk of new-onset type 1 diabetes after a SARS-CoV-2 infection increased by 62% (relative risk 1.622 (95% CI 1.347, 1.953)) compared with the prepandemic period.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There is considerable evidence that there is an increase in type 1 diabetes in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many studies suggesting a direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 have methodological weaknesses. As no evidence of an increase in presymptomatic cases with isolated islet autoimmunity was found, this could also suggest an accelerated transition from presymptomatic patients to clinically overt type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, there was a marked exacerbation of the preexisting increase in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes during the pandemic. Both the increased incidence of paediatric type 1 diabetes and the higher prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis led to a massive rise in the number of children with diabetic ketoacidosis during the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid40225624, year = {2023}, author = {Alameddine, M and Al-Yateem, N and Bou-Karroum, K and Hijazi, H and Al Marzouqi, A and Al-Adawi, S}, title = {Measurement of Work-Life Balance: A Scoping Review with a Focus on the Health Sector.}, journal = {Journal of nursing management}, volume = {2023}, number = {}, pages = {3666224}, pmid = {40225624}, issn = {1365-2834}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Health Care Sector ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; Job Satisfaction ; Pandemics ; Psychometrics/methods/instrumentation ; *Work-Life Balance/standards ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is an agreement on the importance of measuring work-life balance, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the available tools to do so are not sufficient to address all dimensions, contexts, and professions.<br><br>AIM: The article reviews existing instruments that have been widely utilised to tap into the breadth and depth of work-life balance. Evaluation. This is a perspective scoping review guided by PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Articles reporting on the measurement of work-life balance were reviewed. The authors performed the review based on agreed-upon search terms, inclusion and exclusion criteria, search databases, and the data extraction process. Key Issues. The existing tools appear to have divergent underpinning theoretical models, factors, structural/psychometric properties, and the number of accumulated citations. The existing tools also varied in terms of their target sector, with limited tools available for the analysis of work-life balance among healthcare professionals. We argue that while the existing tools provide a general base for the work-life balance measurement, it would be imperative to adjust those tools to the specific cultural and professional contexts. Future work-life balance measures should consider the changes imposed by atypical or disruptive events that have the potential to alter work-life balance, such as in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic. The onus is on researchers and policymakers to work collaboratively in each context to adapt, implement, and evaluate those tools as they become integrated into the matrix of labour market assessments in the future.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The article highlighted current gaps and improvement opportunities in the work-life balance measurement field. Implications for Healthcare and Nursing Management. The maintenance of work-life balance will remain an issue for years to come. Ensuring comprehensive and context-specific measurements would be essential to guide the evidence-based recommendations necessary to support the workforce across the various sectors of the economy in the future.}, }
@article {pmid40225607, year = {2023}, author = {Morgado-Toscano, C and Gómez-Salgado, J and García-Iglesias, JJ and Fagundo-Rivera, J and López-López, D and Allande-Cussó, R}, title = {Levels of Anxiety and Fear among Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of nursing management}, volume = {2023}, number = {}, pages = {2191984}, pmid = {40225607}, issn = {1365-2834}, mesh = {Humans ; *Anxiety/psychology/etiology/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/nursing/psychology/transmission ; *Fear/psychology ; *Nurses/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Pandemics/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {AIM: The aim of this review is to find out what levels of anxiety and fear have been shown by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>BACKGROUND: Health security crises affect not only physical health but also the mental health and wellbeing of healthcare professionals due to a higher level of exposure. Evaluation. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA statement. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. The literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) electronic databases based on the keywords that the research question yielded following the PECOT strategy. For the selection of articles, original articles, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, short communication articles, and case reports were included. Then, a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, screening the results to obtain a total of 18 articles, which were used to elaborate the study. Key Issues. Fear and anxiety levels were described in a total of 18 selected studies. The main fear-related concerns of the nurses were associated with the fear of infecting their family or friends and the fear of the death of a family member or friend.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The main psychological impact on nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic was related to fear, anxiety, stress, and depression. Fear of infecting family members or of being infected were the main impacts perceived by nurses. Implications for Nursing Management. In general, high scores were found for levels of fear and anxiety, although the figures varied by country and time of data collection. Resilience was considered the main tool for coping with the loss and trauma experienced by nurses.}, }
@article {pmid40078605, year = {2023}, author = {Simon, T and Schumann, P and Bieri, M and Schirner, K and Widmer, E}, title = {Hyperoncotic human albumin solutions for intravenous fluid therapy: Effectiveness of pathogen safety and purification methods, and clinical safety.}, journal = {Biosafety and health}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {21-29}, pmid = {40078605}, issn = {2590-0536}, abstract = {Albumin solutions derived from human plasma have demonstrated clinical benefits as intravenous fluid therapy in clinical settings such as liver disease, sepsis, intensive care, and surgery. For all plasma-derived medicinal products, there is a potential risk from pathogens, including relevant blood-borne viruses, emerging viruses, and prion proteins. To minimize the risk of transmissible infections, the production of human albumin solutions includes rigorous donor selection and plasma testing, and effective pathogen removal and inactivation methods such as fractionation and pasteurization. Compliance with international pharmacopeial standards for purity and prekallikrein activator and aluminum content is crucial, as is post-marketing pharmacovigilance for the continuous monitoring of adverse events. This review focuses on the effectiveness of manufacturing methods in the production of plasma-derived albumin, to ensure the safety of hyperoncotic solutions for volume expansion. We evaluated evidence identified through online database (PubMed) searches and from unpublished sources, on the manufacturing and pathogen safety of plasma-derived albumin solutions. The results confirmed the already established and evolving pathogen reduction capacity of the reviewed manufacturing methods. Up-to-date post-marketing pharmacovigilance data and log10 reduction factors for known and emerging pathogens during albumin production are included. Towards the goal of ever-increasing clinical safety, potential areas of improvement, such as compliance rates for the completion of donor health questionnaires, are also discussed. Taken together, the current manufacturing and pathogen reduction steps result in albumin products of greater purity than previous-generation products, with a high margin of pathogen safety against known and emerging pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).}, }
@article {pmid40144714, year = {2022}, author = {Ishizuka, A and Chiba, M and Iso, H and Katsuma, Y}, title = {Unfinished business: Lessons for future G20 meetings on a more inclusive understanding of universal health coverage.}, journal = {GHM open}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {1-11}, pmid = {40144714}, issn = {2436-2956}, abstract = {The Group of 20 (G20) Osaka Summit in 2019 was a large step forward for global health diplomacy to build consensus on universal health coverage (UHC). To strengthen multi-stakeholder UHC partnership, Japan involved the research and policy advice network for G20 (Think 20: T20), civil society (Civil 20: C20), private initiatives of medical professional groups (H20), and the pharmaceutical sector. We attempted to identify UHC-related issues addressed and left unaddressed at the G20 Osaka, to bring lessons for future G20. We reviewed the G20 Osaka Leaders' Declaration, policy-related statements, and voices of the relevant G20 engagement groups and sectors. In July 2019, after the G20 Osaka Leaders' Summit, we organized an expert meeting convening Japan-based UHC-related key global health stakeholders. This review provides record of main findings presented in form of classifying the voices expressed in the meeting by UHC-related topics, and definitional ranges of UHC summarized. The T20, H20, and the pharmaceutical sector noted during our expert meeting that the ministerial-level health-finance collaboration was one of the key agendas suggested at the G20. T20 and C20 called for a recognition of health needs of refugees, migrants and other vulnerable groups in achieving UHC. Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) with a human rights-based approach through UHC was raised by the C20 as an issue unaddressed in G20 Osaka. Variation in operative purposes between global health stakeholders led to a definitional difference in the scope of UHC. The definitional difference could delay progress of UHC attainment. Addressing migrant and refugee health and SRHR within the context of UHC is further needed. Understanding perspectives of various stakeholders will become increasingly important to well-coordinate multi-actor cooperation with adequate social responsibility and transparency in UHC achievement and public-private partnership. In future G20, for UHC in the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic worlds there is need of i) ensuring an integrated yet comprehensive multi-stakeholder approach towards UHC; ii) incorporating important dimensions such as the marginalized population and gender; and iii) ensuring adequate investments toward health information systems and governance to track health data for the vulnerable population and gender-responsive financing.}, }
@article {pmid40114790, year = {2022}, author = {Guiza Romero, AF and Saldaña Agudelo, G and Vesga Gualdrón, LM}, title = {[Current evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy: A scoping reviewEvidencias atuais sobre a infecto pelo SARS-COV-2 na gravidez: revisao do escopo].}, journal = {Revista Cuidarte}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {e17}, pmid = {40114790}, issn = {2346-3414}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus as well as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, both associated with spontaneous miscarriage, preterm birth, maternal morbidity and mortality and a higher number of ICU admissions for pregnant women. Being a new virus, its effects on pregnancy are little known. This review aims to analyze the available evidence on SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, BVS and SciElo. Evidence criticism and information extraction were conducted using two instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines.<br><br>RESULTS: 85 articles were included evidencing that most pregnant women with SARS-COV-2 suffered mild to moderate disease and were at a higher risk of death and complications compared to non-pregnant patients. Low risk of vertical transmission was documented and adverse perinatal outcomes were associated with severe maternal clinical manifestations. The effectiveness of treatment was inconclusive.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Clinical presentation of infection in pregnant women, vertical transmission, treatment, disease severity and neonatal outcomes were discussed.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 during pregnancy is a complication that generates greater morbidity and mortality, for which it is vital to develop further research on the understanding of the behavior, physiological and emotional implications and possible treatment. This review makes a rigorous analysis of the quality of studies and provides valuable information from evidence.}, }
@article {pmid40114785, year = {2022}, author = {Fiorentin, L and Beltrame, V}, title = {[Distanciamiento social por COVID-19: efectos en la rutina de estudiantes universitáriosSocial distancing during COVID-19: Effects on daily routine of college students].}, journal = {Revista Cuidarte}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {e11}, pmid = {40114785}, issn = {2346-3414}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the World Health Organization recommended social distancing as a strategy to mitigate the impacts of the coronavirus disease. Among measures adopted to avoid crowds, universities then switched to virtual education. The objective is to reflect on the influence of social distancing during COVID-19 on the daily routine of health sciences students.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted by searching on PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS, bioRxiv, medRxiv, as well as BVS and the World Health Organization site for COVID-19 (WHO COVID-19) databases, using combined descriptors such as "coronavirus infections and health science students" and "COVID-19 and health science students". A total of 1069 articles were initially found, being later refined to 23 for the study.<br><br>RESULTS: were classified into 1) emotional competence disorder, 2) education, 3) eating, sleep and physical activity, and 4) various kind of impacts with frequent manifestations of anxiety, depression, stress, uncertainty distress and changes in physical activity and sleep habits. Student dropout in virtual programs is about 50% in all cases.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Knowing how social distancing influenced the daily routine of college students is important for universities to develop support programs tailored to current reality needs and implement future epidemic preparedness programs, helping reduce possible impacts.}, }
@article {pmid40046595, year = {2022}, author = {Vassilopoulos, A and McCormick, W and Lakhani, A}, title = {Update in Hyperferritinemic Syndromes: Recognition and Management - A Scoping Review.}, journal = {The Brown journal of hospital medicine}, volume = {1}, number = {3}, pages = {37667}, pmid = {40046595}, issn = {2831-5553}, abstract = {Elevated serum ferritin is a marker of macrophage activation and is associated with increased mortality. The hyperferritinemic syndromes which include hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS), septic shock, adult-onset Still's Disease (AOSD), and multi-inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19 (MIS-C/A) are characterized by intense inflammation and its sequalae. Prompt recognition and management of these heterogenous disorders is required to improve patient outcomes. We perform a scoping review of the existing literature on the key features of these rare syndromes.}, }
@article {pmid40114798, year = {2022}, author = {Bezerra de Lima Danielle, AC and Moura Dos Santos, C and Lima de Almeida, S and Lucena da Silva, E and Ferreira E Pereira, EB}, title = {[Hybrid education in healthcare education : a systematic reviewEducación híbrida en la formación en salud: revisión sistemática].}, journal = {Revista Cuidarte}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {e8}, pmid = {40114798}, issn = {2346-3414}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Given the need to restructure healthcare education institutions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, hybrid education has been identified as an alternative to reorganize educational activities. The objective of this study is to describe hybrid education development in healthcare education.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted based on the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guideline. A peerreviewed search was conducted across four electronic databases between July and September 2020. Descriptors used were "distance education", "learning", "health", "nursing", "medicine", "dentistry", "physical therapy" and "hybrid education". Selected articles were classified based on their level of evidence.<br><br>RESULTS: 49 articles were selected, including quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies. Experiences in the development of hybrid education in multiple healthcare courses were found. Hybrid education has been implemented based on the rotation model, a la carte model and Flex model.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Hybrid education has been gaining more and more importance in the academic scenario of healthcare education. Based on this, students manage to stand out in their learning process as they become the main agent of this process by actively learning using multiple education tools provided by their teachers.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Successful hybrid education can be related to its innovative, flexible, cost-effective nature and the ability to turn students into key players in their teaching-learning process, which ends up influencing their own academic performance.}, }
@article {pmid40144909, year = {2021}, author = {Hossain, MI and Shahriar, EB and Sarker, A and Lubna, N and Haque, M and Khalil, MI}, title = {Effects of COVID-19 on vital organs in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {GHM open}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {12-19}, pmid = {40144909}, issn = {2436-2956}, abstract = {The world is now facing one of the most devastating public health concern where the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading all over the world initiating from Wuhan, China, started from December, 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) already announced the situation as pandemic all over the world. According to the webpage of WHO, this SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading all over the world (223 countries, areas or territories) with 126,890,643 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 2,778,619 confirmed deaths (as of March 30, 2021). Accumulated published documents indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily affects the lungs causing hypoxia, which is the leading cause of death. There are many reports describing that with the progress of this disease, many other organs (such as heart, kidney, liver, brain) of the affected person start to malfunction. Though SARS-CoV-2 uses the cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) expressed by lungs, cardiovascular system, and kidneys but it is still not clear except for lungs that all these other organs are directly affected by this virus or not. Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather informations about affected/damaged organs or tissues and consequences of this damage in COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid40115233, year = {2021}, author = {da Silva-Fernandes, C and Sousa Albuquerque-Brandão, MG and de Sousa-Lima, MM and Cândido-do-Nascimento, J and Galindo-Neto, NM and Moreira-Barros, L}, title = {[Safe practices in airway management of patients with Covid-19: integrative reviewPrácticas seguras en el manejo de la vía aérea de pacientes con Covid-19: revisión integradora].}, journal = {Revista Cuidarte}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {e1356}, pmid = {40115233}, issn = {2346-3414}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in early 2020 changed the practices of health professionals in order to mitigate the risks of contamination of health care frontline workers, mainly activities related to the management of the airways of patients with Covid-19.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: to identify the practices necessary to ensure the safety of health professionals in managing the airway of patients suspected or diagnosed with Covid-19.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: an integrative review carried out in ten relevant databases in the health area, with the sample consisting of 17 surveys. The practices identified were listed according to the four procedures punctuated by the literature: endotracheal intubation, extubation, bronchoscopy and tracheostomy.<br><br>RESULTS: the main recommendations mentioned were: endotracheal intubation: performed by an experienced, trained, minimal team and professionals from risk groups for covid-19 should not be part of this team; extubation: do not use a high flow nasal catheter after the procedure; bronchoscopy: perform in an isolated room with negative pressure; tracheostomy: may be considered early, but the risk-benefit must be assessed.<br><br>CONCLUSION: the practices identified may direct the management of airways and guide the construction of assistive, educational or managerial technologies.}, }
@article {pmid39944605, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, T and Li, Z and Mei, Q and Walline, JH and Zhang, Z and Liu, Y and Zhu, H and Du, B}, title = {Cardiovascular outcomes in long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1450470}, pmid = {39944605}, issn = {2297-055X}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There is growing evidence that patients with SARS-CoV-2 (The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) may have a variety of cardiovascular complications in the post-acute phase of COVID-19, but these manifestations have not yet been comprehensively characterized.<br><br>METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary research papers which evaluated individuals at least four weeks after confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and reported on cardiovascular disease prevalence. Systematic search conducted without language restrictions from December 1, 2019 to June 31, 2022 on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane library, ProQuest Coronavirus Research Database, COVID-19 Living Overview of the Evidence (L-OVE) subset of Episteminokos and the World Health Organization (WHO) Covid-19 databases. Study was reported according to MOOSE-lists and the PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias was identified using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. Random-effects meta-analyses examined the pooled risk difference in the prevalence of each symptom or symptom combination in cases with confirmed SARS-coV-2 infection compared with controls.<br><br>RESULTS: Eight cohort studies were eligible, including nearly 10 million people. Long COVID-19 was associated with a higher risk of thromboembolic disorders [HR 3.12 (1.60, 6.08)], coronary heart disease [HR 1.61 (1.13, 2.31)], stroke [HR 1.71 (1.07,2.72)], arrhythmia [HR 1.60 (1.13, 2.26)], cardiomyopathy [HR 1.71 (1.12, 2.61)], myocarditis [HR 6.11 (4.17,8.94)], hypertension [HR 1.70 (1.56, 1.85)], heart failure [HR 1.72 (1.15,2.59)] and cardiogenic shock [HR 2.09 (1.53,2.86)] compared to non-COVID-19 controls. Pooled risk differences in long COVID cases compared to controls were significantly higher for cardiomyopathy [0.15% (0.06, 0.23)], deep vein thrombosis [0.45% (0.06, 0.83)] and hypertension (0.32%, (0.06, 0.58) but not for thromboembolic disorders, coronary disease, stroke, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, hypertension, heart failure or cardiogenic shock.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The risk of cardiovascular disease increased significantly four weeks or more after recovering from acute COVID-19. Care for survivors after an acute attack of COVID-19 should include paying close attention to cardiovascular health and disease.<br><br>PROSPERO [CRD42022353965].}, }
@article {pmid39944570, year = {2024}, author = {Azoicai, AN and Miron, I and Lupu, A and Alexoae, MM and Starcea, IM and Alecsa, M and Lupu, VV and Danielescu, C and Nedelcu, AH and Salaru, DL and Dragan, F and Ioniuc, I}, title = {COVID-19 vaccination: challenges in the pediatric population.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1390951}, pmid = {39944570}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; Child ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccination ; Immunization Schedule ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Infant, Newborn ; }, abstract = {Vaccination is considered to be one of the most effective means of protecting individuals and populations from the risks associated with exposure to various pathogens. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), affected people of all ages worldwide. In response, several pharmaceutical companies rapidly leveraged their resources to develop vaccines within a very short period of time, leading to the introduction of new, improved, and combination vaccines for community-wide immunization. This review aims to provide a summary of the available literature on the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in the pediatric population ranging from 0 to 18 years. An analysis of recent published studies reveals that the majority of clinical trials have reported a sustained immune response following COVID-19 vaccination in children across various age groups worldwide. The majority of the authors highlighted the effectiveness and safety of immunization schedules in children and adolescents. The population-level efficacy of this vaccination remains to be determined, provided that the benefits outweigh the potential risks. Long-term side effects must still be monitored to enable the development of safer and more effective vaccines for future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid39944495, year = {2025}, author = {Liu, K and Liu, S and Xu, TT and Qiao, H}, title = {The clinical features and outcomes of diabetes patients infected with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis comprising 192,693 patients.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1523139}, pmid = {39944495}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We sought to explore the relevance of analyses that include critical laboratory parameters and drug treatment, clinical characteristics of diabetic patients who are infected with COVID-19, to the development of individualized treatment strategies for diabetic patients infected with COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: We searched Cochrane, Embase, FMRS, Pubmed, Springer, Web of Science databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses to estimate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of confirmed covid-19 infections in patients with and without diabetes.<br><br>RESULTS: Our meta-analysis included a total of 32 studies with 192,693 COVID-19 patients. Common comorbidities in the diabetic group were hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. We discovered that white blood cell count, neutrophil count, inflammatory marker levels, D-dimer, urea, precursor of the brain natriuretic peptide (Pro-BNP) increased and lymphocyte count, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin decreased significantly in the diabetic group in laboratory test results. Compared with the non-diabetic group, the diabetic group had a higher incidence of complications in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), shock, acute heart injury, acute kidney injury and more regularly used oxygen therapy, invasive ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment. Mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization rates were highest in the diabetic group than in the non-diabetic group (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Diabetic patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have an increased risk of death, lower discharge rates, and higher ICU admission rates. Their presence of hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), higher levels of inflammatory markers. Multiple complications are all predictors of poor outcomes in people with diabetes. Our findings will help identify elevated risk factors in diabetics, which will benefit early prediction.}, }
@article {pmid39944364, year = {2024}, author = {Prosty, C and Katergi, K and Papenburg, J and Lawandi, A and Lee, TC and Shi, H and Burnham, P and Swem, L and Routy, B and Yansouni, CP and Cheng, MP}, title = {Causal role of the gut microbiome in certain human diseases: a narrative review.}, journal = {eGastroenterology}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {e100086}, pmid = {39944364}, issn = {2976-7296}, abstract = {Composed of an elaborate ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa residing in the human digestive tract, the gut microbiome influences metabolism, immune modulation, bile acid homeostasis and host defence. Through observational and preclinical data, the gut microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a spectrum of chronic diseases ranging from psychiatric to gastrointestinal in nature. Until recently, the lack of unequivocal evidence supporting a causal link between gut microbiome and human health outcomes incited controversy regarding its significance. However, recent randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence in conditions, such as Clostridioides difficile infection, cancer immunotherapy and ulcerative colitis, has supported a causal relationship and has underscored the potential of the microbiome as a therapeutic target. This review delineates the RCT evidence substantiating the potential for a causal relationship between the gut microbiome and human health outcomes, the seminal observational evidence that preceded these RCTs and the remaining knowledge gaps.}, }
@article {pmid39944050, year = {2025}, author = {Gulbe, E and Ozola, A and Vītola, B and Akmane, E and Pacek, J and Mārtinsone, K}, title = {Exploring nature-based art therapy: a scoping review.}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1522629}, pmid = {39944050}, issn = {1664-1078}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Nature-based art therapy is a therapeutic approach that uses natural elements and settings to promote well-being and health through creative expression, facilitated by a professional art therapist. Interest in nature-based mental health approaches surged, particularly following the COVID-19 lockdowns, as research highlights nature's role in health restoration and sustainability. Despite growth in the field, a comprehensive overview of nature-based art therapy remains absent. This scoping review aimed to map the research landscape and identify the thematic scope within this emerging field.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines across the ProQuest, SAGE, Scopus, Taylor &amp; Francis, and ScienceDirect databases identified 11 publications that address art therapy involving nature and are published in English.<br><br>RESULTS: The review identified four key themes: areas of focus, nature engagement, core elements, and challenges in nature-based art therapy. The areas of focus encompassed overall mental health and well-being, emotion regulation and stress management, cognitive development, social bond and support, self-discovery and personal growth, trauma and grief management, creative self-expression, and environmental sustainability. The core elements, such as artwork, materials, and therapy settings, were identified. Although nature-based therapy, involving both direct and indirect nature engagement, described promising benefits, specific challenges, including complexities in client assistance, constraints in nature access, psychosocial and cultural barriers, and risk management, were also highlighted.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This scoping review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding nature-based art therapy and underscores the need for further theoretical and practical evidence-based development in this field.}, }
@article {pmid39943820, year = {2025}, author = {Dieter, RS and Kempaiah, P and Dieter, EG and Alcazar, A and Tafur, A and Gerotziafas, G and Gonzalez Ochoa, A and Abdesselem, S and Biller, J and Kipshidze, N and Vandreden, P and Guerrini, M and Dieter, RA and Durvasula, R and Singh, M and Fareed, J}, title = {Cardiovascular Symposium on Perspectives in Long COVID.}, journal = {Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis}, volume = {31}, number = {}, pages = {10760296251319963}, pmid = {39943820}, issn = {1938-2723}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/blood ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Significant progress has been made in treating Coronavirus disease (COVID) - an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). An ominous turn in the pandemic is the evolving public health crisis emanating from persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated long-term impact. Long COVID or post-COVID syndrome describes protean symptoms that persist at least 3 months after the onset of acute illness and last for at least 2 months in individuals with a history of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Long COVID has become a public health concern. Millions of infected individuals are now facing chronic multi-organ failures, including neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and kidney complications. In general, the cause of long COVID syndrome is unclear but factors such as prolonged activation of immune responses, and viral persistence triggering transcription dysregulation of genes associated with normal thrombotic disease may play a role in cardiovascular complications. Although inflammatory biomarkers are reported in other disorders, it remains unclear whether similar biomarkers are associated with cardiovascular manifestations following COVID. Medications such as sulodexide directed at glycocalyx and coagulation have demonstrated benefits for long COVID in smaller studies. Here, we describe the outcomes of the symposium on the underlying cardiovascular mechanisms of the long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid39943730, year = {2025}, author = {Krasnenkova, SF and Zayratyants, OV and Midiber, KY and Mikhaleva, LM}, title = {[Liver pathology in COVID-19].}, journal = {Arkhiv patologii}, volume = {87}, number = {1}, pages = {53-59}, doi = {10.17116/patol20258701153}, pmid = {39943730}, issn = {0004-1955}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/pathology/complications/virology ; *Liver/pathology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; *Liver Diseases/pathology/virology ; Hepatocytes/pathology/virology ; }, abstract = {The literature review presents an analysis of the pathogenesis and pathological anatomy of liver damage in COVID-19. Liver damage with the steatosis, vascular disorders, mild portal and lobular inflammatory infiltration, cholestasis and clinically - liver failure is observed in majority of the patients with COVID-19. Chronic liver diseases with infection SARS-CoV-2 tend to decompensate, which significantly worsens the prognosis of the disease. Pathogenesis of liver damage in COVID19 is unclear. There was no convincing evidence for the hypothesis of cytotoxicity for hepatocytes or cholangiocytes by SARS-CoV-2. Similar liver morphological changes described by different authors suggest their nonspecific nature and multifactorial pathogenesis related to hypoxia, cytokin storm, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis and shock, Covid-associated angio- and coagulopathy, as well as drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Further research is needed to clarify the pathogenesis and pathological anatomy of the liver pathology in COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39942772, year = {2025}, author = {Kell, DB and Pretorius, E}, title = {The Proteome Content of Blood Clots Observed Under Different Conditions: Successful Role in Predicting Clot Amyloid(ogenicity).}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {30}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39942772}, issn = {1420-3049}, mesh = {Humans ; *Proteome/metabolism/analysis ; *Amyloid/metabolism ; *Thrombosis/blood/metabolism ; *Blood Coagulation ; COVID-19/blood ; }, abstract = {A recent analysis compared the proteome of (i) blood clots seen in two diseases-sepsis and long COVID-when blood was known to have clotted into an amyloid microclot form (as judged by staining with the fluorogenic amyloid stain thioflavin T) with (ii) that of those non-amyloid clots considered to have formed normally. Such fibrinaloid microclots are also relatively resistant to fibrinolysis. The proteins that the amyloid microclots contained differed markedly both from the soluble proteome of typical plasma and that of normal clots, and also between the diseases studied (an acute syndrome in the form of sepsis in an ITU and a chronic disease represented by Long COVID). Many proteins in the amyloid microclots were low in concentration in plasma and were effectively accumulated into the fibres, whereas many other abundant plasma proteins were excluded. The proteins found in the microclots associated with the diseases also tended to be themselves amyloidogenic. We here ask effectively the inverse question. This is: can the clot proteome tell us whether the clots associated with a particular disease contained proteins that are observed uniquely (or are highly over-represented) in known amyloid clots relative to normal clots, and thus were in fact amyloid in nature? The answer is in the affirmative in a variety of major coagulopathies, viz., venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, various cardiac issues, and ischaemic stroke. Galectin-3-binding protein and thrombospondin-1 seem to be especially widely associated with amyloid-type clots, and the latter has indeed been shown to be incorporated into growing fibrin fibres. These may consequently provide useful biomarkers with a mechanistic basis.}, }
@article {pmid39942596, year = {2025}, author = {Varghese, A and Liu, J and Liu, B and Guo, W and Dong, F and Patterson, TA and Hong, H}, title = {Analysis of Structures of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease Bound with Ligands Unveils Structural Features for Inhibiting the Enzyme.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {30}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39942596}, issn = {1420-3049}, mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/enzymology ; Ligands ; *Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases/chemistry/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; Humans ; Binding Sites ; Protein Binding ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19/virology ; *Protease Inhibitors/chemistry/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology ; Models, Molecular ; *Coronavirus 3C Proteases/chemistry/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has drastically reshaped global health and socioeconomic landscapes. The papain-like protease (PLpro) plays a critical role in viral polyprotein cleavage and immune evasion, making it a prime target for therapeutic intervention. Numerous compounds have been identified as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro, with many characterized through crystallographic studies. To date, over 70 three-dimensional (3D) structures of PLpro complexed ligands have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, offering valuable insight into ligand-binding features that could aid the discovery and development of effective COVID-19 treatments targeting PLpro. In this study, we reviewed and analyzed these 3D structures, focusing on the key residues involved in ligand interactions. Our analysis revealed that most inhibitors bind to PLpro's substrate recognition sites S3/S4 and SUb2. While these sites are highly attractive and have been extensively explored, other potential binding regions, such as SUb1 and the Zn(II) domain, are less explored and may hold untapped potential for future COVID-19 drug discovery and development. Our structural analysis provides insights into the molecular features of PLpro that could accelerate the development of novel therapeutics targeting this essential viral enzyme.}, }
@article {pmid39942544, year = {2025}, author = {Shahidin,  and Wang, Y and Wu, Y and Chen, T and Wu, X and Yuan, W and Zhu, Q and Wang, X and Zi, C}, title = {Selenium and Selenoproteins: Mechanisms, Health Functions, and Emerging Applications.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {30}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39942544}, issn = {1420-3049}, support = {202101BD070001-028//Yunnan Province Agricultural Basic Research Joint Foundation/ ; 21602196 and 31960075//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; YNWR-QNB J-2020-178//Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young &amp; Elite Talents Project/ ; }, mesh = {*Selenoproteins/metabolism/genetics ; Humans ; *Selenium/metabolism ; Animals ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Selenocysteine/metabolism ; Selenomethionine/metabolism ; COVID-19/metabolism ; Neoplasms/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element crucial for human health that primarily functions as an immunonutrient. It is incorporated into polypeptides such as selenocysteine (SeC) and selenomethionine (SeMet), two key amino acids involved in various biochemical processes. All living organisms can convert inorganic Se into biologically active organic forms, with SeMet being the predominant form and a precursor for SeC production in humans and animals. The human genome encodes 25 selenoprotein genes, which incorporate low-molecular-weight Se compounds in the form of SeC. Organic Se, especially in the form of selenoproteins, is more efficiently absorbed than inorganic Se, driving the demand for selenoprotein-based health products, such as functional foods. Se-enriched functional foods offer a practical means of delivering bioavailable Se and are associated with enhanced antioxidant properties and various health benefits. Recent advancements in selenoprotein synthesis have improved our understanding of their roles in antioxidant defense, cancer prevention, immune regulation, anti-inflammation, hypoglycemia, cardiovascular health, Alzheimer's disease, fertility, and COVID-19. This review highlights key selenoproteins and their biological functions, biosynthetic pathways, and emerging applications while highlighting the need for further research.}, }
@article {pmid39942487, year = {2025}, author = {Honorato-Cia, C and Cacho-Asenjo, E and Martinez-Simon, A and Aquerreta, I and Núñez-Córdoba, JM}, title = {Long COVID Research, 2020-2024: A PubMed-Based Bibliometric Analysis.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39942487}, issn = {2227-9032}, support = {0011-3638-2020-000001 and 49-2022//Gobierno de Navarra/ ; }, abstract = {Long COVID is a SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated chronic condition with great potential to impact health and socioeconomic outcomes. The research efforts to face the challenges related to long COVID have resulted in a substantial amount of publications, which warrants the need for bibliometric profiling. This is a large-scale PubMed-based bibliometric analysis of more than 390,000 COVID-19 publications. The overall aim was to update the profile of long COVID publications in comparison with the rest of the COVID-19 scientific literature through December 2024. The estimated proportion of long COVID publications was relatively low (2.3% of all COVID-19 publications), although the cumulative frequency (n = 8928) continues to pose a challenge for proper information management. Currently, "treatment" and "mechanism" appear to be the most predominant research topics in the long COVID literature. Interestingly, this evaluation revealed a distinctive profile of the long COVID literature, with a clear preponderance of "case report" and "mechanism" research topics when compared with other COVID-19 publications. This evaluation also identified and ranked the most prolific scientific journals in the production of long COVID-related publications. This study may improve the visibility of long COVID research and contribute to the management of the growing scientific knowledge on long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid39942477, year = {2025}, author = {Lassi, N and Jiang, S and Du, Y}, title = {The Legal and Ethical Dimensions of Hospital Visitation Bans in the COVID-19 Era.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39942477}, issn = {2227-9032}, support = {None//University funding of Fudan University/ ; }, abstract = {Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic compelled countries worldwide to implement stringent visitation restrictions across hospitals, nursing homes, and long-term care facilities to mitigate viral transmission. While initially justified by the uncertainty surrounding the virus, these restrictions often lasted well beyond the acute stage of the pandemic, leading to substantial psychological and physical harm, particularly for older adults. This study assesses the effects of these controls and offers strategies to balance public health priorities with patients' rights and psychological well-being during public health crises. Methods: An integrative review and comparative analysis of legislative measures and the psychological effects of visitation restrictions was undertaken. International and national visitation regulations and case studies were reviewed, and ethical frameworks were considered. Results: Our findings indicate that prolonged isolation due to extended visitation restrictions led to higher rates of anxiety, depression, and delirium among patients, creating ethical dilemmas for healthcare providers. Legal responses to this challenge varied globally. International human rights organizations called for policies bridging public health priorities with patients' rights to family and caregiver support. Some U.S. states enacted proactive legislation to strengthen family visitation rights, while other jurisdictions lack these visitation protections. Conclusions: Prolonged visitation restrictions during the pandemic show the need for legislation integrating public health protections with in-person family and caregiver support. The ethical imperatives of limiting the psychological harm caused by healthcare isolation and the legislative solutions to protect public health and the psychological well-being of patients during health crises are discussed.}, }
@article {pmid39941704, year = {2025}, author = {Nash, C}, title = {An Initial Scoping Review of Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome (DYMERS) Regarding Burnout in Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39941704}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: Dysregulation of Mood, Energy, and Social Rhythms Syndrome (DYMERS) characterizes the poor regulation of biological (sleep/waking), social, and behavioral rhythms that affected the level of burnout in healthcare professionals during the pandemic in particular. The aim is to provide an initial scoping review of publications on this topic. Methods: The keywords "Stress Rhythms Dysregulation Bipolar Disorder Burnout DYMERS Healthcare professionals COVID-19" were searched on 9 December 2024 following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using five primary databases (OVID, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science), one register (Cochrane COVID-19 register), and one supplementary database (Google Scholar). Included were peer-reviewed publications. Excluded were duplicates, reports lacking either a research study or any keywords, or including irrelevant information regarding them. Results: The returns for all the databases were (n = 0) except for ProQuest (n = 4) and Google Scholar (n = 14). Of these, three ProQuest returns were duplicates of the Google Scholar search. The remaining report contained irrelevant information on healthcare professionals. The Google Scholar search results produced two relevant reports-neither duplicated with ProQuest. The excluded contained a duplicate in the search itself, three that did not mention healthcare professionals, two that contained irrelevant information concerning them, four returns that were not a research study, and three that were not peer-reviewed. Conclusions: The two studies published on this topic are by various members of the same investigating institution. DYMERS has provided valuable insights regarding burnout in healthcare professionals. The suggestion is for further DYMERS research by this team and others, anticipating future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid39941532, year = {2025}, author = {Leale, I and Di Stefano, V and Torrente, A and Alonge, P and Monastero, R and Roccella, M and Brighina, F and Giustino, V and Battaglia, G}, title = {Telecoaching and Migraine: Digital Approach to Physical Activity in Migraine Management. A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39941532}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Migraine is a common neurological disorder, affecting approximately 15% of the European population and is among the main causes of years lived with disability. In the context of increasing digitalisation, telecoaching (TC) is a new training modality that involves the use of digital tools to access and manage training services remotely. Given the well-documented benefits of physical activity in migraine management and the rapid expansion of digital health services following the COVID-19 pandemic, this scoping review aims to evaluate the use and feasibility of TC-based training programs in individuals with migraine. A systematic search was conducted on multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) identifying 1507 studies, of which only 3 met the inclusion criteria. These studies collectively involved 181 participants with migraine and assessed various training programs, including aerobic training, resistance training, and physical therapy. Most training programs showed statistically significant improvements in several variables, including severity, duration, and frequency of migraine attacks. However, based on our study, there is limited evidence to suggest that TC training is beneficial for migraine patients. These findings underscore the need for further investigation, with more rigorous methodologies, higher-quality trials, and larger sample sizes to better establish the efficacy of TC training as a preventive and therapeutic approach for migraine.}, }
@article {pmid39941453, year = {2025}, author = {Cergan, R and Taciuc, IA and Dumitru, M and Vrinceanu, D and Manole, F and Sanda, N and Marinescu, AN}, title = {The Current Status of Virtual Autopsy Using Combined Imaging Modalities: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39941453}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: Virtual autopsy (virtopsy) is a new domain of research for interdisciplinary teams of radiologists and forensic specialists. This scoping review aims to underline the current state-of-the-art research using combined imaging modalities. Methods: We searched the PubMed database using the term virtopsy for articles that are available in free full text, indexed in the Medline Database, and published in English. The query returned 49 articles on this subject that have been published since 2002. Results: The main imaging modalities used for postmortem imaging were computed tomography (PMCT), angiography (PMCTA), magnetic resonance imaging (PMMRI), and ultrasonography (PMUS). PMCT is highly effective for detecting complex osseous injuries, tracing bullet trajectories, or identifying characteristic findings in drowning cases. PMCTA is valuable for evaluating vascular lesions, particularly in natural death cases. PMMRI is superior in analyzing soft tissues, including brain and spinal structures, cerebrospinal fluid, microbleeds, and laryngohyoid lesions, and identifying cardiomyopathies in young individuals. PMUS serves as an alternative, and its portability also allows for use in forensic settings. One specific situation observed was the increased number of studies published about virtopsy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Another aspect is the increased focus on this alternative to conventional autopsy in the regions where maneuvering of the deceased is limited according to cultural and social customs. Conclusions: We underline the advantages and limitations of each imaging modality used for virtopsy. Further studies need to be developed in order to gather supplementary data regarding the use of these imaging modalities in the new era of artificial intelligence in medicine.}, }
@article {pmid39941062, year = {2025}, author = {Ramamonjiharisoa, MBM and Liu, S}, title = {Biological Significance and Therapeutic Promise of Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39941062}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {[31971150]//the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant number ,/ ; [2024AFA014, 2019CFA069]//the Department of Science and Technology of the Hubei Provincial People's Government/ ; [2023SL01].//the Opening Fund of Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education &amp; Hubei Province)/ ; }, mesh = {*Frameshifting, Ribosomal ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics/immunology ; COVID-19/genetics/immunology/virology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Animals ; Protein Biosynthesis ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/genetics ; }, abstract = {Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting (PRF) is a mechanism that alters the mRNA reading frame during translation, resulting in the production of out-of-frame proteins. PRF plays crucial roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and contributes significantly to disease pathogenesis, particularly in viral infections. Notably, PRF can induce immune responses in the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, further extending its biological significance. These multiple aspects of PRF highlight its potential as a therapeutic target. Since PRF efficiency can be modulated by cellular factors, its expression or silencing is context-dependent. Therefore, a deeper understanding of PRF is essential for harnessing its therapeutic potential. This review explores PRF biological significance in disease and homeostasis. Such knowledge would serve as a foundation to advance therapeutic strategies targeting PRF modulation, especially in viral infections and vaccine development.}, }
@article {pmid39941026, year = {2025}, author = {Alhamlan, FS and Al-Qahtani, AA}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Genetic Insights, Epidemiological Tracking, and Implications for Vaccine Strategies.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39941026}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/virology/transmission/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics/immunology ; Genetic Variation ; Mutation ; }, abstract = {The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has significantly impacted the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This review examines the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 variants, their roles in epidemiological tracking, and their influence on viral fitness. Variants of concern (VOCs) such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron have demonstrated increased transmissibility, altered pathogenicity, and potential resistance to neutralizing antibodies. Epidemiological tracking of these variants is crucial for understanding their spread, informing public health interventions, and guiding vaccine development. The review also explores how specific mutations in the spike protein and other genomic regions contribute to viral fitness, affecting replication efficiency, immune escape, and transmission dynamics. By integrating genomic surveillance data with epidemiological and clinical findings, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and its implications for public health strategies and new vaccine development.}, }
@article {pmid39940866, year = {2025}, author = {Tkaczenko, H and Kurhaluk, N}, title = {Antioxidant-Rich Functional Foods and Exercise: Unlocking Metabolic Health Through Nrf2 and Related Pathways.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39940866}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {*NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; Humans ; *Functional Food ; *Exercise/physiology ; *Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Animals ; Inflammation/metabolism ; }, abstract = {This article reviews the synergistic effects of antioxidant-enriched functional foods and exercise in improving metabolic health, focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms. The review incorporates evidence from PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and reference lists of relevant reviews up to 20 December 2024, highlighting the central role of the Nrf2 pathway. As a critical regulator of oxidative stress and metabolic adaptation, Nrf2 mediates the benefits of these interventions. This article presents an innovative approach to understanding the role of Nrf2 in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation, highlighting its potential in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, diabetes, inflammatory conditions, ageing, and infections such as COVID-19. The novelty of this study is to investigate the synergistic effects of bioactive compounds found in functional foods (such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and vitamins) and exercise-induced oxidative stress on the activation of the Nrf2 pathway. This combined approach reveals their potential to improve insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism and reduce inflammation, offering a promising strategy for the management of chronic diseases. However, there are significant gaps in current research, particularly regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between diet, physical activity, and Nrf2 activation, as well as their long-term effects in different populations, including those with chronic diseases. In addition, the interactions between Nrf2 and other critical signalling pathways, including AMPK, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt, and their collective contributions to metabolic health are explored. Furthermore, novel biomarkers are presented to assess the impact of these synergistic strategies, such as the NAD[+]/NADH ratio, the GSH ratio, and markers of mitochondrial health. The findings provide valuable insights into how the integration of an antioxidant-rich diet and regular exercise can improve metabolic health by activating Nrf2 and related molecular pathways and represent promising strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders. Further studies are needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential of these interventions in diseases related to oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes, and cancer.}, }
@article {pmid39940726, year = {2025}, author = {Strus, P and Sadowski, K and Ploch, W and Jazdzewska, A and Oknianska, P and Raniszewska, O and Mlynarczuk-Bialy, I}, title = {The Effects of Podophyllotoxin Derivatives on Noncancerous Diseases: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39940726}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {1M15/3/M/MG/N/24/24 - to WP//Medical University of Warsaw/ ; }, mesh = {*Podophyllotoxin/pharmacology/therapeutic use/analogs &amp; derivatives/chemistry ; Humans ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; COVID-19 ; }, abstract = {Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is commonly used for genital warts due to its antimitotic properties and relatively good accessibility since it can be extracted from plants in low-economy countries. However, due to relatively high toxicity, it cannot be used in a systematic way (intravenously). Thus, there is a need to find or create an equally effective derivative of PPT that will be less toxic. Natural PPT is a suitable and promising scaffold for the synthesis of its derivatives. Many of them have been studied in clinical and preclinical models. In this systematic review, we comprehensively assess the medical applications of PPT derivatives, focusing on their advantages and limitations in non-cancerous diseases. Most of the existing research focuses on their applications in cancerous diseases, leaving non-cancerous uses underexplored. To do that, we systematically reviewed the literature using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from January 2013 to January 2025. In total, 5333 unique references were identified in the initial search, of which 44 were included in the quantitative synthesis. The assessment of the quality of eligible studies was undertaken using the PRISMA criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using a predefined checklist based on PRISMA guidelines. Each study was independently reviewed by two researchers to evaluate bias in study design, reporting, and outcomes. Our analysis highlights the broad therapeutic potential of PPT derivatives, particularly in antiviral applications, including HPV, Dengue, and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Apart from their well-known anti-genital warts activity, these compounds exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, antimitotic, analgesic, and radioprotective properties. For instance, derivatives such as cyclolignan SAU-22.107 show promise in antiviral therapies, while compounds like G-003M demonstrate radioprotective effects by mitigating radiation-induced damage. To build on this, our review highlights that PPT derivatives, apart from anti-genital warts potential, exhibit four key properties-anti-inflammatory, antimitotic, analgesic, and radioprotective-making them promising candidates not only for treating viral infections such as HPV, Dengue, and SARS-CoV-2 but also for expanding their therapeutic potential beyond cancerous diseases. In conclusion, while PPT derivatives hold great potential across various medical domains, their applications in non-cancerous diseases remain limited by the scarcity of dedicated research. Continued exploration of these compounds is essential to unlock their full therapeutic value.}, }
@article {pmid39940645, year = {2025}, author = {Parham, E and Ahmad, M and Falasca, M}, title = {Haematological Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: Insights into Erythropoiesis, Hepcidin Regulation, and Cytokine Storm.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39940645}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; *Hepcidins/metabolism/blood ; *Erythropoiesis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/blood ; Pandemics ; *Pneumonia, Viral/blood/complications ; Betacoronavirus ; *Coronavirus Infections/blood/complications ; Iron/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a respiratory disease that can range in presentation from mild symptoms to severe conditions such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA virus, spreads through aerosols and respiratory droplets. It enters human cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, leading to various complications, including significant alterations in red blood cells and potential disruptions in haemoglobin function and oxygen transport. During infection, the interaction between hypoxia, inflammation, and haematopoiesis affects erythropoiesis at multiple levels. Hypoxia and inflammation, resulting from lung complications and a reduced red blood cell count, influence the regulation of hepcidin, a key regulator of iron levels in the blood. Elevated hepcidin levels are associated with hypoxia and the suppression of erythroferrone, a hormone that normally inhibits hepcidin production. Despite high levels of inflammation, patients in intensive care units often exhibit elevated ferritin levels, which, rather than indicating low hepcidin, suggest disrupted iron metabolism and the development of severe anaemia. Iron is kept in stores, likely due to paradoxically high hepcidin levels, which explains the elevated ferritin measurements. An increase in immature blood cells and a decrease in CD71+ erythroid cells are observed. The elevated levels of CD71+ erythroid cells highlight their dual role in modulating hyper-inflammation and immune response during disease progression. This review examines the pathway by which SARS-CoV-2 affects red blood cell production and the haematopoietic system and how it triggers cytokine storms through interleukins, immature blood cells, and CD71+ erythroid cells. Understanding these processes provides novel pathways for managing haematological manifestations and immune responses in patients with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39940457, year = {2025}, author = {Wimalawansa, SJ}, title = {Vitamin D Deficiency Meets Hill's Criteria for Causation in SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility, Complications, and Mortality: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Nutrients}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39940457}, issn = {2072-6643}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications/blood ; *Vitamin D Deficiency/complications/drug therapy/blood ; *Vitamin D/analogs &amp; derivatives/blood/administration &amp; dosage ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Dietary Supplements ; Cholecalciferol/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; Calcifediol/therapeutic use/blood/administration &amp; dosage ; Disease Susceptibility ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {Clinical trials consistently demonstrate an inverse correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D; calcifediol] levels and the risk of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 disease, complications, and mortality. This systematic review (SR), guided by Bradford Hill's causality criteria, analyzed 294 peer-reviewed manuscripts published between December 2019 and November 2024, focusing on plausibility, consistency, and biological gradient. Evidence confirms that cholecalciferol (D3) and calcifediol significantly reduce symptomatic disease, complications, hospitalizations, and mortality, with optimal effects above 50 ng/mL. While vitamin D requires 3-4 days to act, calcifediol shows effects within 24 h. Among 329 trials, only 11 (3%) showed no benefit due to flawed designs. At USD 2/patient, D3 supplementation is far cheaper than hospitalization costs and more effective than standard interventions. This SR establishes a strong inverse relationship between 25(OH)D levels and SARS-CoV-2 vulnerability, meeting Hill's criteria. Vitamin D3 and calcifediol reduce infections, complications, hospitalizations, and deaths by ~50%, outperforming all patented, FDA-approved COVID-19 therapies. With over 300 trials confirming these findings, waiting for further studies is unnecessary before incorporating them into clinical protocols. Health agencies and scientific societies must recognize the significance of these results and incorporate D3 and calcifediol for prophylaxis and early treatment protocols of SARS-CoV-2 and similar viral infections. Promoting safe sun exposure and adequate vitamin D3 supplementation within communities to maintain 25(OH)D levels above 40 ng/mL (therapeutic range: 40-80 ng/mL) strengthens immune systems, reduces hospitalizations and deaths, and significantly lowers healthcare costs. When serum 25(OH)D levels exceed 70 ng/mL, taking vitamin K2 (100 µg/day or 800 µg/week) alongside vitamin D helps direct any excess calcium to bones. The recommended vitamin D dosage (approximately 70 IU/kg of body weight for a non-obese adult) to maintain 25(OH)D levels between 50-100 ng/mL is safe and cost-effective for disease prevention, ensuring optimal health outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39937221, year = {2025}, author = {Rowland, A and Boulanger, C and Dalton, L}, title = {Supporting the bereaved child in the adult ICU: a narrative review.}, journal = {Intensive care medicine}, volume = {51}, number = {3}, pages = {570-581}, pmid = {39937221}, issn = {1432-1238}, mesh = {Humans ; *Bereavement ; *Intensive Care Units/organization &amp; administration ; Child ; *COVID-19/psychology ; Adult ; Social Support ; }, abstract = {Childhood bereavement is a significant issue globally, affecting millions of children each year, with incidence rates significantly increasing following the COVID-19 pandemic. The loss of an important adult, particularly in the ICU environment, can lead to lasting psychological and behavioural challenges for children. While family-centred practices in the ICU have advanced, the unique bereavement needs of grieving children in the family remain insufficiently addressed. Both families and healthcare professionals (HCPs) often feel unprepared and uncomfortable engaging in honest, supportive conversations with children about bereavement, further complicating children's grief processing. This narrative review examines the pivotal role ICU HCPs can play in facilitating child-centred bereavement support, focusing on promoting honest communication, supportive visitation practices, creating a child-friendly and humanised ICU environment, and encouraging child involvement during end-of-life care. It recommends prioritising research on the lived experiences of bereaved children, caregivers, and ICU HCPs to inform targeted interventions addressing children's developmental and psychological needs during ICU bereavement. The review also advocates for specialised training to equip ICU staff with the necessary skills to support grieving children and families. Developing comprehensive, child-centred ICU bereavement guidelines will provide evidence-based frameworks that recognise children as integral family members during end-of-life care while advocating for the participation of children in meaningful rituals will empower families to make informed decisions about their involvement. Together, these recommendations aim to create a more compassionate, inclusive, and supportive bereavement experience in ICU settings, prioritising the unique needs of children and promoting healthy emotional adjustment after losing an important adult.}, }
@article {pmid39937014, year = {2025}, author = {Kirchenbaum, GA and Pawelec, G and Lehmann, PV}, title = {The Importance of Monitoring Antigen-Specific Memory B Cells, and How ImmunoSpot Assays Are Suitable for This Task.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39937014}, issn = {2073-4409}, mesh = {*Memory B Cells/immunology ; *Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay/methods ; *Immunologic Memory/immunology ; Humans ; *Antigens/immunology ; Animals ; *B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; }, abstract = {Determining an individual's humoral immune reactivity to a pathogen, autoantigen, or environmental agent is traditionally accomplished through the assessment of specific antibody levels in blood. However, in many instances, titers of specific antibodies decline over time and thus do not faithfully reveal prior antigen exposure or establishment of immunological memory. To estimate an individual's humoral immune competence, it is therefore necessary to assess functional B cell memory. Here, we describe novel B cell ELISPOT and FluoroSpot assays (collectively referred to as ImmunoSpot) that can be rapidly developed and validated to characterize the memory B cell (Bmem) repertoire specific for any desired antigen ex vivo and at single-cell resolution. Moreover, multiplexed variants of the B cell FluoroSpot assay enable high-throughput testing of antigen-specific B cells secreting distinct antibody classes and/or IgG subclasses, with minimal cell material requirements. B cell ImmunoSpot assays also enable measurement of affinity distributions within the antigen-specific Bmem compartment and permit cross-reactivity measurements that can provide insights into Bmem established against future pathogen variants. Collectively, the ImmunoSpot[®] system presented here is highly reproducible, and can be readily validated for regulated tests. The newly gained ability to monitor the antigen-specific Bmem compartment should catalyze a more comprehensive understanding of humoral immunity in health and disease.}, }
@article {pmid39936837, year = {2025}, author = {Zhao, M and Lei, L and Jiang, Y and Tian, Y and Huang, Y and Yang, M}, title = {Unveiling the Threat of Disease X: Preparing for the Next Global Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of medical virology}, volume = {97}, number = {2}, pages = {e70227}, doi = {10.1002/jmv.70227}, pmid = {39936837}, issn = {1096-9071}, support = {//This work was supported by the National Key Research &amp; Development Program of China (2023YFC2606004, 2021YFA1201000, 2021YFC2302400), Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars (XSQD-6120220072)./ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/virology ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Global Health ; World Health Organization ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention &amp; control ; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {The term "Disease X", first introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, symbolizes the threat of an unknown pathogen capable of causing a global pandemic. Classified as a "priority pathogens," Disease X stands alongside well-known threats like SARS, Ebola, and ZIKV due to its potential for widespread outbreaks. SARS-CoV-2 is considered the first "Disease X" to fulfill this prediction, demonstrating the devastating impact such pathogens can have. A future pathogen X could pose an even greater threat, with catastrophic consequences. This paper examines the potential origins of such pathogens, drawing lessons from outbreaks like SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2. It also highlights strategic approaches to detect, prevent, and respond effectively to mitigate the risk of future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid39936665, year = {2025}, author = {Petroni, TF and Ono, MA}, title = {Impact of healthcare-associated infections on mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a systematic review.}, journal = {Ciencia &amp; saude coletiva}, volume = {30}, number = {2}, pages = {e01112023}, doi = {10.1590/1413-81232025302.01112023}, pmid = {39936665}, issn = {1678-4561}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality ; *Cross Infection/mortality/epidemiology/microbiology ; Hospitalization ; Incidence ; *Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology/mortality ; Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation &amp; purification ; Hospital Mortality ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Coinfection/mortality ; }, abstract = {Although most cases of COVID-19 are mild cases, severe cases requiring hospitalization and mechanical ventilation were sufficient to overwhelm healthcare systems worldwide, leading to more than 6 million deaths and the increase in healthcare associated infections (HAIs). The incidence of HAIs in COVID-19 hospitalized patients has been addressed in systematic reviews, but in these there was no description of mortality related to these infections. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the impact of HAIs on mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, specially by multidrug resistant bacteria as Acinetobacter baumannii. A systematic review was carried out in the PubMed database on July 2022 using the keywords "healthcare-associated infection" OR "nosocomial infection" AND "COVID-19" AND "Acinetobacter baumannii". The incidence of HAIs in COVID-19 patients was 18.85%, with 42.17% of mortality rate and relative risk (RR) 2.08 (95%CI 1.61-2.68). Considering that the risk of death was twice greater in co-infection COVID-19/HAI, it is essential the broad vaccination against COVID-19 and the adoption of measures to reduce HAI incidence in hospitalized patients and mortality by superinfections.}, }
@article {pmid39936613, year = {2025}, author = {Yadav, U and Sapra, BK}, title = {A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Low Dose Radiation Therapy for COVID-19 Pneumonia: Learnings of 4 Years Since Pandemic.}, journal = {Clinical and translational science}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {e70137}, pmid = {39936613}, issn = {1752-8062}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/radiotherapy/mortality ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome ; Pandemics ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 caused a worldwide pandemic resulting in break of demand-supply chain in all aspects of healthcare, high mortality rates, and a constant quest for effective treatment modalities. Based on historical and recent evidences of anti-inflammatory effects of low dose of ionizing radiation, several healthcare professionals proposed low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) along with ongoing pharmacological treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia. A positive response in a few initial studies led to systematic trials by increasing the number of patients in the range of 0.5-1.5 Gy. However, the concerns of radiation-induced risks were also raised in parallel. In the present article, we have highlighted the basis of LDRT for COVID-19 therapy. We have reviewed the available literature, specifically for outcomes on various clinical trials carried out with LDRT. Meta-analysis was performed to identify if any survival benefits are offered by addition of LDRT over pharmacological treatment alone among COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Other clinical recovery parameters such as intubation rates, oxygenation status, anti-inflammatory response have also been compared. Overall data trends favored LDRT with standard pharmacological treatment against control cohort which received standard treatment alone at all the endpoints in majority studies. LDRT addition resulted in significantly higher odds of survival than control cohort. Among critical and/or mechanically ventilated patients, LDRT did not show any promising outcomes over the control group. In conclusion, LDRT may serve as a promising complementary treatment modality with a potential of better prognosis, provided the patient selection criteria are critically identified and implemented.}, }
@article {pmid39936294, year = {2025}, author = {Foroutan, F and Rayner, DG and Oss, S and Straccia, M and de Vries, R and Raju, S and Ahmed, F and Kingdon, J and Bhagra, S and Tarani, S and Herrera, S and Bhanji, R and Ross, H and Pruett, T and Feng, S and Pereira, M and Rotstein, C and Guyatt, G and Aleksova, N}, title = {Clinical Practice Recommendations on the Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies on Outcomes in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.}, journal = {Clinical transplantation}, volume = {39}, number = {2}, pages = {e70100}, doi = {10.1111/ctr.70100}, pmid = {39936294}, issn = {1399-0012}, support = {//Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program Research Innovation Award/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Organ Transplantation ; *Vaccination/methods ; *Transplant Recipients ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients were excluded from clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. There is uncertainty about the number of doses required to prevent life-threatening infection, as well as uncertainty in the optimal vaccine type and their durability. Our objectives were to provide recommendations on the number of COVID-19 vaccination doses, type of vaccine, dose of vaccine administered, and timing of vaccination in SOT recipients.<br><br>METHODS: We commissioned a systematic review on COVID-19 vaccination in SOT, focusing on patient-important outcomes. We recruited an international, multidisciplinary panel of 18 stakeholders, including patient partners to summarize our findings using the GRADE (grading of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation) framework, rate certainty in the evidence, and develop recommendations.<br><br>RESULTS: Our panel recommends the routine provision of additional COVID-19 doses after the primary series to SOT recipients with variant-appropriate vaccines (strong recommendation, low certainty evidence). We suggest using any available WHO-approved vaccine rather than selectively choosing a specific type and receiving a single dose rather than a double dose of any COVID-19 vaccine booster (weak recommendation, low certainty evidence). Lastly, we suggest vaccination before transplantation when possible (weak recommendation, low certainty evidence).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The evidence used to guide these recommendations is limited by the paucity of robust randomized trials evaluating COVID-19 vaccination strategies and clinical outcomes in the SOT population. The provision of higher-quality evidence of the overall effects of COVID-19 vaccination in SOT to inform clinical practice will require large, randomized trials.}, }
@article {pmid39936106, year = {2025}, author = {Jiang, Y and Xu, L and Zheng, X and Shi, H}, title = {Recent advances in nutritional metabolism studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {Infectious medicine}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {100162}, pmid = {39936106}, issn = {2772-431X}, abstract = {In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), metabolic research has become crucial for in-depth exploration of viral infection mechanisms and in searching for therapeutic strategies. This paper summarizes the interrelationships between carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism and COVID-19 infection, discussing their roles in infection progression. SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to insulin resistance and increased glycolysis, reducing glucose utilization and shifting metabolism to use fat as an energy source. Fat is crucial for viral replication, and imbalances in amino acid metabolism may interfere with immune regulation. Consequently, metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia, hypolipidemia, and deficiency of certain amino acids following SARS-CoV-2 infection can contribute to progression toward severe conditions. These metabolic pathways not only have potential value in prediction and diagnosis but also provide new perspectives for the development of therapeutic strategies. By monitoring metabolic changes, infection severity can be predicted early, and modulating these metabolic pathways may help reduce inflammatory responses, improve immune responses, and reduce the risk of thrombosis. Research on the relationship between metabolism and SARS-CoV-2 infection provides an important scientific basis for addressing the global challenge posed by COVID-19, however, further studies are needed to validate these findings and provide more effective strategies for disease control.}, }
@article {pmid39935744, year = {2024}, author = {Upadhyay, V and Gangwar, R and Chappuis, GL and Kohli, M}, title = {Lack of sex- and gender-disaggregated data in diagnostics: findings from a scoping review of five tracer conditions.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1484873}, pmid = {39935744}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Female ; Male ; *Malaria/diagnosis ; Sex Factors ; *Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis ; *Schistosomiasis/diagnosis ; *Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sex and gender can affect all aspects of health-related behavior, yet there is limited information on how they influence diagnosis of any health condition. This scoping review examined the extent to which sex- and gender-disaggregated data on diagnostics are available for five tracer conditions: tuberculosis, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), diabetes, malaria, and schistosomiasis.<br><br>METHODS: Publications were searched between 2000 and 2022 on PubMed and Google Scholar and screened for relevance. Extracted data were analysed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative approaches.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 29 relevant articles for tuberculosis, four for diabetes, six for schistosomiasis, eight for COVID-19, and three for malaria. For tuberculosis, most studies looked at gender-based barriers to diagnosis and disparities in health-seeking behaviors that predominantly affected women. For diabetes, studies noted that women had lower odds of being screened for prediabetes and potentially lower quality of care versus men. For schistosomiasis, studies suggested lower sensitivity diagnostic methods among women than men and low awareness of the disease. Studies suggest that women are less likely to be diagnosed for COVID-19 in certain settings. Studies on malaria reported that women show different health-seeking behaviors to men.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This scoping review highlights a concerning lack of sex- and gender-disaggregated data on diagnostics. Consequently, further work is required to develop and implement an appropriate framework to assess gender and sex-related data around testing and diagnosis.}, }
@article {pmid39935263, year = {2025}, author = {Tachikawa, H and Shiratori, Y and Aiba, M and Kawakami, N and Sugawara, D}, title = {[Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Suicide].}, journal = {Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo}, volume = {77}, number = {2}, pages = {149-153}, doi = {10.11477/mf.188160960770020149}, pmid = {39935263}, issn = {1881-6096}, mesh = {Humans ; *Loneliness/psychology ; *Social Isolation/psychology ; *Suicide/psychology ; COVID-19/psychology ; Suicide Prevention ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {Isolation and loneliness are known to be risk factors for suicide. Since the number of suicide cases increased after the COVID-19 pandemic, during which individuals were forced to isolate themselves to prevent infection, this has been re-emphasized as a factor in suicide, and measures to combat isolation and loneliness are promoted. However, few studies have discussed the reasons that isolation and loneliness lead to suicide. Here, we aim to explain the reasons that isolation and loneliness have a significant impact on suicide based on psychology, sociology, and brain science and show that the prevention of isolation and loneliness is directly related to suicide prevention.}, }
@article {pmid39935262, year = {2025}, author = {Matsushita, S}, title = {[Associations between Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Addiction].}, journal = {Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo}, volume = {77}, number = {2}, pages = {141-147}, doi = {10.11477/mf.188160960770020141}, pmid = {39935262}, issn = {1881-6096}, mesh = {Humans ; *Loneliness/psychology ; *Social Isolation/psychology ; COVID-19 ; *Behavior, Addictive/psychology ; Alcohol Drinking ; Animals ; Male ; Female ; }, abstract = {Isolation and loneliness have been reported to be associated with premature death and are therefore considered to be serious public health issues. In animal studies, social isolation beginning in adolescent rodents has consistently been shown to increase alcohol consumption over time; however, this trend was observed only in males. In adult rodents, isolation has little effect on alcohol consumption. In human studies, population surveys have reported that isolation and loneliness are associated with less frequent drinking, whereas another study reported that greater loneliness is associated with alcohol problems in men. A nationwide Internet cohort study in Japan revealed that non-high-risk drinkers experiencing significant loneliness were more likely to become high-risk drinkers than those not experiencing significant loneliness. Another study examined the effects of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on drinking behavior among young adults and showed that the harmful use of alcohol was reduced only among women. Notably, in participants with increased depression and anxiety, loneliness was associated with increased alcohol use. Behaviors such as gambling and gaming have also been reported to be associated with loneliness and stress. A follow-up study in Finland determined that loneliness increased gaming problems, but not gambling problems. Interestingly, stress was reported to increase both gambling and gaming problems.}, }
@article {pmid39935260, year = {2025}, author = {Shimoda, Y and Urakami, K}, title = {[Prevention Methods for Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Dementia].}, journal = {Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo}, volume = {77}, number = {2}, pages = {127-132}, doi = {10.11477/mf.188160960770020127}, pmid = {39935260}, issn = {1881-6096}, mesh = {Humans ; *Social Isolation ; *Loneliness/psychology ; *Dementia/prevention &amp; control/etiology ; COVID-19 ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {Social isolation is reported to be a risk factor for dementia. In addition to loneliness, it is related to other dementia risk factors, such as hearing and visual loss, and depression. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic exacerbated social isolation and loneliness. Recent studies on social isolation and loneliness have reported their neuropathological and basic medical effects on brain function and gene expression. This overview describes the influences of social isolation and loneliness on dementia and its prevention.}, }
@article {pmid39934986, year = {2025}, author = {Ikeda, W and Yamazaki, Y and Inaba, Y}, title = {Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Fertility: An Integrative Review.}, journal = {The International journal of health planning and management}, volume = {40}, number = {3}, pages = {765-775}, pmid = {39934986}, issn = {1099-1751}, support = {JP 22K02378//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Female ; *Fertility ; Pregnancy ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {This integrative review aimed to explore the impact of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on fertility to establish foundational knowledge and guide future epidemiological studies. The PubMed and Central Journal of Medicine databases were searched, yielding 80 relevant articles published between 2019 and 2021. Of these, 14 were published in Japanese and 66 in English. None of the Japanese studies met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen English-language studies, all of which were retrieved from PubMed, were included in the final analysis. No relevant literature was found in the Central Journal of Medicine. The keywords used were COVID-19, fertility, and demographics. COVID-19 led to an increase in unplanned pregnancies and abortions in developing countries. Fever associated with the infection was suggested to have reduced sperm concentration and motility, and the spread of the infection caused young couples to delay childbearing, potentially decreasing fertility. Conversely, relatively older couples showed fewer changes in their childbearing plans, indicating that COVID-19 had both positive and negative effects on fertility. Physical, psychological, and economic factors as well as sex, age, and cultural background exerted complex effects on fertility. Herein, the impact of social crises on fertility rates has been discussed in the context of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Analysing the effects of this pandemic on fertility rates is crucial for understanding future demographic trends and national strengths. This study provides valuable data for future research in this field.}, }
@article {pmid39934889, year = {2025}, author = {Mercogliano, M and Spatari, G and Noviello, C and Di Serafino, F and Mormile, ME and Granvillano, G and Iagnemma, A and Mimmo, R and Schenone, I and Raso, E and Sanna, A and Frasson, E and Gallinoro, V and Di Pumpo, M and Shellah, D and Rizzo, C and Zotti, N}, title = {Building evidences in Public Health Emergency Preparedness ("BePHEP" Project)-a systematic review.}, journal = {International journal for equity in health}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {41}, pmid = {39934889}, issn = {1475-9276}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Public Health/methods ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention &amp; control ; Developing Countries ; *Civil Defense ; *Disaster Planning ; Altruism ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Humanitarian crises exacerbate the vulnerability of already fragile healthcare systems and significantly increase the risk of infectious disease outbreaks in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review aims to evaluate strategies and interventions implemented in LMICs to prevent and manage infectious diseases outbreaks during humanitarian crises from 2018 to 2023.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, adhering to the PRISMA guideline and the SPIDER framework to identify relevant studies. The review included studies published between 2018 and 2023 focusing on infectious disease prevention and management in LMICs during humanitarian crises. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist.<br><br>RESULTS: Eleven studies were identified from 1,415 unique articles. These studies addressed diverse interventions, including vaccination campaigns, epidemiologic surveillance, and integrated health services. Cholera outbreaks in Haiti and Mozambique, triggered by gang violence, internal migration, and Cyclone Kenneth, were addressed through epidemiological surveillance, case management, WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) service improvements, and oral vaccination campaigns. Mathematical models guided cholera vaccination in Thailand's refugee camps. In India, surveillance and rapid response measures successfully prevented infectious disease outbreaks during the Kumbh Mela gathering. The Philippines improved response times to climate-related disasters using point-of-care testing and spatial care pathways. Despite challenges in Yemen, evaluating malaria surveillance systems led to recommendations for integrating multiple systems. Uganda developed a national multi-hazard emergency plan incorporating vaccination, communication, and risk management, proving useful during the refugee crisis and Ebola outbreak. In South Sudan, integrating immunisation services into nutrition centres increased vaccination coverage among children. Nigeria experienced a rise in measles cases during armed conflicts despite vaccination efforts, while visual communication strategies improved SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rates.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These interventions highlight the importance of multimodal, targeted, and collaborative responses to address complex health crises without relying on unsustainable investments. Despite the effectiveness of these interventions, infrastructure limitations, insecurity, and logistical constraints were noted. These findings emphasize the need for adaptable and resilient healthcare systems and international collaboration to safeguard the right to health during complex humanitarian crises.}, }
@article {pmid39934846, year = {2025}, author = {Salzmann, S and de Vroege, L and Engelmann, P and Fink, P and Fischer, S and Frisch, S and Gormsen, LK and Hüfner, K and Kop, WJ and Köteles, F and Lehnen, N and Löwe, B and Pieh, C and Pitron, V and Rask, CU and Sainio, M and Schaefert, R and Shedden-Mora, M and Toussaint, A and von Känel, R and Werneke, U and Rief, W and , }, title = {Assessment of psychosocial aspects in adults in post-COVID-19 condition: the EURONET-SOMA recommendations on core outcome domains for clinical and research use.}, journal = {BMC medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {81}, pmid = {39934846}, issn = {1741-7015}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/complications ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Europe ; *Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Consensus ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Harmonizing core outcome domains allows for pooling data, comparing interventions, and streamlining research evaluation. At the same time clinicians require concise and feasible measures for routine practice. Considering the heterogeneity of post-COVID-19 condition, a biopsychosocial approach requires sufficient coverage of the psychosocial dimension with assessments. Previous recommendations for core outcome sets have serious limitations regarding the psychosocial aspects of post-COVID-19 condition. This paper specifically focuses on psychosocial outcomes for adults with post-COVID-19 condition, providing both a comprehensive set of outcome domains for research and a streamlined clinical core set tailored for routine clinical use.<br><br>METHODS: In a structured Consensus Development Approach, the European Network to improve diagnostic, treatment, and healthcare for patients with persistent somatic symptoms (EURONET-SOMA) developed psychosocial core outcome domains and assessments regarding post-COVID-19 condition. The experts identified variables and instruments which should be considered in studies on adults suffering from post-COVID-19 condition, and which are feasible in the clinical setting and relevant for research.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified three higher-order dimensions with each encompassing several domains: The first higher-order dimension, "outcomes", encompasses (1) the classification/ diagnostics of post-COVID-19 condition, (2) somatic symptoms (including fatigue), (3) the psychopathological status and mental comorbidities, (4) the physical status and somatic comorbidities, (5) neurocognitive symptoms, and (6) illness consequences. The second higher-order domain "mechanisms" encompasses (7) cognitive components, (8) affective components, (9) behavioral components, (10) social components, and (11) psychobiological bridge markers (e.g., neuroimmunological and psychoneuroendocrinological variables). The third higher-order domain, "risk factors", includes factors such as (12) socioeconomic status and sociocultural factors, (13) pre-existing mental and somatic health issues, (14) personality factors (e.g., neuroticism), (15) adverse childhood experiences, (16) ongoing disability or pension claim, and (17) social media use. For each domain, specific instruments are suggested for research purposes and clinical use.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The recommended core domains help to increase consistency in a biopsychosocial approach to post-COVID-19 condition across investigations, improve synergies, and facilitate decision-making when comparing different interventional approaches. It allows to better identify relevant subgroups in heterogeneous post-COVID-19 condition populations offering practical tools for routine clinical practice through the clinical core set.}, }
@article {pmid39932481, year = {2025}, author = {Bardach, A and Brizuela, M and Berrueta, M and Ciapponi, A and Sambade, JM and Ballivian, J and Ortega, V and Castellana, N and Comandé, D and Parker, EPK and Kampmann, B and Stegelmann, K and Xiong, X and Stergachis, A and Munoz, FM and Buekens, P and Mazzoni, A}, title = {Umbrella review of the safety of Chikungunya vaccine platforms used in other vaccines.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {2463191}, pmid = {39932481}, issn = {2164-554X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Chikungunya Fever/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *Chikungunya virus/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Adolescent ; Child ; *Viral Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes, is a significant global health concern. Various vaccine platforms have been explored to combat CHIKV, including formalin inactivation, live-attenuated strains, virus-like particles (VLPs), viral vectors, and mRNA technologies. This umbrella review synthesizes evidence on the safety profiles of vaccine platforms used in Chikungunya vaccines that have been applied in other vaccines, focusing on adverse events of special interest (AESI) in pregnant persons, children, and adolescents. A comprehensive overview of systematic reviews (SRs) was conducted. Results: Seven systematic reviews were included and complemented with primary studies. Vaccines like influenza, human papillomavirus (HPV), and COVID-19, which share platforms with Chikungunya vaccines, showed no significant increase in AESI. Moderate-to high-quality SRs supported favorable safety profiles. Vaccines sharing platforms with Chikungunya vaccines generally exhibit acceptable safety profiles in pregnant persons, children, and adolescents.}, }
@article {pmid39931501, year = {2025}, author = {Amoroso, D and Bongo, S and Copponi, A and Rossi, V and Di Giorgio, R and Bernardini, S and Ippoliti, L and Morello, M}, title = {A Review of the Hematological Picture of Severe COVID-19 Infection.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {e78797}, pmid = {39931501}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Numerous hematological abnormalities have been documented in COVID-19 patients. We conducted an analysis of 82 articles from PubMed, focusing on the hematological characteristics observed in survivors (S) and non-survivors (NS) with moderate and severe COVID-19 symptoms, respectively. Our review underlines neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia as hallmark features of the disease. In severe cases, blood cell microscopy revealed the following abnormalities: i) an increased number of neutrophils, often displaying granularity, toxic granulation, and vacuolization; ii) lymphocytes with a notably blue cytoplasm; iii) several monocytes that contain vacuoles; iv) platelet aggregation; and v) basophilic stippling in red blood cells. Furthermore, scattergram analysis of COVID-19 patients revealed two common features: i) an increased neutrophil population and ii) the presence of a distinctive "sandglass pattern". This review underscores the critical role of hematochemical and cytomorphological blood cell analysis in COVID-19 patients, aiding clinicians in better recognizing and understanding the indicators of disease severity.}, }
@article {pmid39931346, year = {2024}, author = {Al-Leimon, O and Shihadeh, H and Yousef, AA and Khraim, A and Siwwad, R}, title = {Respiratory syncytial virus: A review of current basic and clinical knowledge.}, journal = {Qatar medical journal}, volume = {2024}, number = {4}, pages = {56}, pmid = {39931346}, issn = {0253-8253}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious pathogen known for causing respiratory tract infections, particularly among pediatric and elderly patients. Its ability to induce outbreaks in both community and hospital settings underscores its substantial health burden. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of RSV, including its biological and clinical aspects.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles. Key topics included RSV virology, epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnostic methods, management approaches, and preventive strategies.<br><br>RESULTS: This review encompasses the taxonomy and structure of RSV, including its genome and proteins. Various strains and their dominance patterns, alongside pathogenesis mechanisms, are explored. Diagnostic techniques such as nucleic acid amplification tests are discussed for their efficacy and accessibility. Supportive care remains the primary treatment, with antiviral therapies playing a limited role. Monoclonal antibody immunization and vaccination efforts offer promising avenues for RSV prevention. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on RSV epidemiology is also considered, along with the oncolytic potential of RSV in cancer treatment.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Advancements in understanding RSV virology, epidemiology, and clinical management have paved the way for improved diagnostic and preventive strategies. However, challenges remain in ensuring widespread access to diagnostics and effective treatments, particularly in resource-limited settings. Continued research and global collaboration are essential for addressing the ongoing impact of RSV and reducing its burden on public health.}, }
@article {pmid39930675, year = {2025}, author = {Skripchenko, NV and Zheleznikova, GF and Alekseeva, LA and Bessonova, TV and Verbenko, PS and Skripchenko, EY}, title = {[Autoimmune diseases of central nervous system and respiratory viral infections in children].}, journal = {Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova}, volume = {125}, number = {1}, pages = {39-46}, doi = {10.17116/jnevro202512501139}, pmid = {39930675}, issn = {1997-7298}, mesh = {Humans ; Child ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology ; Inosine Diphosphate/therapeutic use ; Flavin Mononucleotide/therapeutic use ; Succinates/therapeutic use ; *Influenza, Human/complications/immunology/drug therapy ; Niacinamide/therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Measles/complications/immunology/drug therapy ; *Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy ; *Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System/drug therapy ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/complications/immunology ; }, abstract = {Foreign data about the role of influenza virus, measles and SARS-CoV-2 in the development of autoimmune diseases is described. The main characteristics of most frequent autoimmune diseases is given. The authors give characteristics of influenza virus, measles and SARS-CoV-2 virus as infectious agents- triggers of autoimmune central nervous system diseases. Modern possibilities to strenghen a patogenic therapy by Cytoflavin, which has a complex effect aimed at improving metabolic processes in the brain, are presented.}, }
@article {pmid39930477, year = {2025}, author = {Ezenwaka, U and Mbachu, C and Onwujekwe, O}, title = {A scoping review of the roles of stakeholders and coordination mechanisms for enhanced multi-sectoral and multi-level interventions in COVID-19 response in Nigeria.}, journal = {Health research policy and systems}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {18}, pmid = {39930477}, issn = {1478-4505}, support = {301132.//UK Aid/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Government ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; *Public Health ; *Stakeholder Participation ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Collaboration among multiple stakeholders from different sectors requires a coherent coordination mechanism in implementing responses to public health emergencies such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of countermeasures against the pandemic. The paper describes multi-stakeholder roles and the coordination mechanisms that were used at different levels of government in the COVID-19 response in Nigeria.<br><br>METHODS: A scoping review of documents on COVID-19 was undertaken between March 2021 and October 2022. Databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline and Google were searched using "COVID-19", "Nigeria", "response" and "government" as the keywords. We included articles published from 30 January 2020 to 1 October 2022. The literature was extracted into Excel spreadsheets and analysed using the adapted WHO framework for multi-stakeholder preparedness coordination.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 173 documents were reviewed. The review revealed that various stakeholders (state and non-state actors) at national and sub-national levels played complementary roles in the implementation of different countermeasures to COVID-19 in Nigeria. The multi-sectoral response to COVID-19 in Nigeria was coordinated through the Presidential and State Task Force Teams. However, there were very weak linkages between and across different task forces. In addition, the expert and advisory committees at national and sub-national levels apparently functioned independently without lines of communication amongst them to encourage information sharing and learning. More so, the processes of coordination of different actors and their activities were fragmented and constrained by poor communication of policies among stakeholders, poor planning and contextualization of response strategies, lack of data for evidence-informed planning and lack of accountability.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The coordination of multi-stakeholders and multi-sectoral response to COVID-19 at national and sub-national levels in Nigeria was weak. A systematic coordination framework involving multiple stakeholders working at varying capacities is needed for effective and efficient response during pandemics such as COVID-19, to reduce duplication of efforts, inequitable resource allocation and wastage of resources and time. It is recommended that a future systematic coordination framework and guidelines involve multiple stakeholders, including the private and non-health public sectors, working at varying capacities and levels, to ensure an effective and efficient response during pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid39930124, year = {2025}, author = {Kumar, SS and Calabrese, EC and Slater, BJ and Lin, C and Hong, J and Dort, J and Lim, R and Tsuda, S and Awad, Z and Babidge, W and Maddern, G and Nepal, P and Vosburg, RW and Ignacio, R and Bavishi, D and Kchaou, A and Ayloo, S and Hanna, NM and Kohn, GP}, title = {SAGES guidelines update to laparoscopy in the era of COVID-19.}, journal = {Surgical endoscopy}, volume = {39}, number = {3}, pages = {1409-1418}, pmid = {39930124}, issn = {1432-2218}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; *Laparoscopy/standards ; *Appendectomy/methods ; *Appendicitis/surgery/complications ; *Cholecystitis/surgery/complications ; *Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Elective Surgical Procedures ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients requiring cholecystectomy or appendectomy may present with concomitant COVID infection in both the inpatient and outpatient scenarios. It is unclear whether these patients benefit more from operative or nonoperative management in the setting of active COVID infection. These guidelines seek to address urgent and elective clinical scenarios.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to address these questions. These results were then presented to an interdisciplinary panel that formulated recommendations based on the best available evidence or utilized expert opinion when the evidence base was lacking.<br><br>RESULTS: Conditional recommendations were made in favor of (1) either operative or nonoperative management of COVID-positive patients with appendicitis or cholecystitis and (2) delaying operations by more than six weeks in patients who test positive for COVID in the elective setting.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations should provide guidance regarding the management of surgical patients with concomitant COVID infection. This guideline also identifies important areas where future research should focus to strengthen the evidence base.}, }
@article {pmid39929362, year = {2025}, author = {Kara-Junior, N and Rossi, S}, title = {Epidemiology of Cataract-Related Blindness in Brazil: 30 Years of Public Policy Evolution: A Review Article.}, journal = {American journal of ophthalmology}, volume = {273}, number = {}, pages = {205-211}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajo.2025.01.023}, pmid = {39929362}, issn = {1879-1891}, mesh = {Humans ; *Blindness/epidemiology/etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Brazil/epidemiology ; *Cataract/epidemiology/complications ; *Cataract Extraction/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Public Policy ; *Health Policy ; Public Health ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: This review evaluated the impact of various public policies on the number of cataract surgeries performed annually by the Public Health System (SUS) in Brazil and its regions. The goal was to provide insights for managers and the medical community to assess the effectiveness of strategies to prevent cataract-related blindness.<br><br>DESIGN: Trend studies based on literature review.<br><br>METHODS: This study was developed through a literature review, with a bibliographic survey conducted in databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, and SciELO.<br><br>RESULTS: Until the early 2000s, approximately 130 000 cataract surgeries were performed annually in Brazil. In 2001, the National Cataract Campaign (CNC) was introduced, which significantly increased surgical volume by providing unrestricted federal funding. By 2003, the SUS had performed 430 000 surgeries, underscoring the critical role of funding in combating cataract blindness. However, the Ministry of Health discontinued the CNC in 2006, leading to a decline in surgeries in subsequent years. The annual surgical volume recovered to 430 000 only in 2011, following the adoption of new policies that involved directly contracting private companies through government tenders. In 2013, the SUS achieved the minimum number of surgeries required to prevent an accumulation of cataract blindness cases, conducting 530 000 procedures. By the early 2020s, parliamentary amendments directed to specific municipalities through Health Social Organizations became a primary funding source for cataract procedures. This approach proved effective, with approximately 860 000 surgeries performed in 2022 to prevent new accumulations and reduce overall cataract blindness. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted progress, causing a 23% decline in surgeries in 2020. However, surgical rates surged with the relaxation of restrictions in 2021, exceeding prepandemic levels by 21%. By 2022, the number of cataract surgeries increased by 63% compared with the prepandemic average, fully addressing the backlog created during the health crisis.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The increase in surgeries was driven by unlimited federal funding, private contracts, and targeted parliamentary amendments. Despite these efforts, regional disparities persist, requiring equitable policies based on local epidemiologic data. Ensuring access to cataract surgery demands sustained public investment. The resilience of Brazil's SUS in the postpandemic era underscores the need for consistent investments to effectively address health care challenges.}, }
@article {pmid39929280, year = {2025}, author = {Freeman, H and Vranas, KC and Tuthill, S and Drake, MG}, title = {High-Flow Nasal Cannula Liberation: Who, When, and How?.}, journal = {Chest}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.chest.2025.01.037}, pmid = {39929280}, issn = {1931-3543}, abstract = {High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a first-line therapy for patients with acute respiratory failure. Despite increased HFNC utilization over recent years-accelerated in part by the COVID-19 pandemic-high-quality evidence to guide HFNC discontinuation is lacking. Decisions about when and how quickly to reduce flow rate, Fio2, or both simultaneously are frequently left to clinicians' discretion without clear guidance on an optimal approach. Failure to de-escalate HFNC support when clinically appropriate has many potential consequences, such as prolongation of ICU/hospital length of stay, increased health care costs, and reduced availability of limited hospital resources. With the goal of improving care efficiency and resource utilization among hospitalized patients with acute respiratory failure, we propose a standardized approach for HFNC discontinuation focused on "liberation" (similar to spontaneous breathing trials for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation), using a stepwise approach guided by physiology.}, }
@article {pmid39928636, year = {2025}, author = {Gebretekle, TK and Albers, C}, title = {Modelling the impact of behavioural interventions during pandemics: A systematic review.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, pages = {e0310611}, pmid = {39928636}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/transmission/virology ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Basic Reproduction Number ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many studies examined the impact of behavioural interventions on COVID-19 outcomes. We conducted a systematic review to gain insight into transmission models, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We included peer-reviewed studies published in English until December 31, 2022, focusing on human subjects, modelling, and examining behavioural interventions during COVID-19 using real data across diverse geographical regions.<br><br>METHODS: We searched seven databases. We used descriptive analysis, network analysis for textual synthesis, and regression analysis to identify the relationship between the basic reproduction number R0 and various characteristics. From 30, 114 articles gathered, 15, 781 met the inclusion criteria. After deduplication, 7, 616 articles remained. The titles and abstracts screening reduced these to 1, 764 articles. Full-text screening reduced this to 270, and risk-of-bias assessment narrowed it to 245 articles. We employed combined criteria for risk of bias assessment, incorporating domains from ROBINS-I and principles for modeling.<br><br>RESULTS: Primary outcomes focused on R0, COVID-19 cases, and transmission rates. The average R0 was 3.184. The vast majority of studies (90.3%) used compartmental models, particularly SEIR models. Social distancing, mask-wearing, and lockdowns were frequently analyzed interventions. Early and strict implementation of these interventions significantly reduced transmission rates. Risk of bias assessment revealed that 62.6% of studies were of low risk, 24.1% moderate, and 9.3% high risks. Common issues included transparency, attrition bias, and confounding factors.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive review highlights the importance of behavioural interventions in reducing COVID-19 transmission and areas for improving future research transparency and robustness. Our risk of bias criteria offers an important framework for future systematic reviews in modeling studies of interventions. We recommend that future studies enhance transparency in reporting and address common biases such as attrition and confounding.}, }
@article {pmid39928374, year = {2025}, author = {De Marchis, M and Cioeta, M and Bella, S and Cutrera, R and Cannataro, M}, title = {Tools and devices for telerehabilitation in pediatric and adult cystic fibrosis patients: a scoping review.}, journal = {Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-8}, doi = {10.1080/17483107.2025.2463548}, pmid = {39928374}, issn = {1748-3115}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs, primarily the lungs. Rehabilitation is crucial in managing respiratory symptoms. Telerehabilitation, which provides remote rehabilitation services via digital platforms, gained importance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite its growing use, there is little clarity on the available tools and devices for CF telerehabilitation.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to map the existing tools and devices used in telerehabilitation for pediatric and adult CF patients.<br><br>METHODS: The review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, using the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Comprehensive searches were performed across seven databases, alongside grey literature. Studies involving CF patients and telerehabilitation interventions were included. Data were extracted and analyzed both numerically and thematically.<br><br>RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included, involving 622 CF patients. The review identified 10 platforms, seven telemonitoring devices, and three rehabilitation devices. Most studies focused on motor rehabilitation with individual, synchronous sessions. Commonly used platforms included Zoom, Skype, and Google Meet, while only three studies used platforms specifically designed for CF.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Telerehabilitation for CF is in its early stages and less developed than for other conditions. There is a need for dedicated platforms and devices that address CF patients' specific motor and respiratory needs. Future efforts should focus on developing these tools to improve patient engagement and outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39927819, year = {2025}, author = {Fontana, A and Tafuri, F and Abraham, A and Bianco, S and Esposito, A and Conte, M and Vercellone, F and Pierno, FD and Guha, S and Carluccio, CD and Chiariello, AM}, title = {Polymer models of chromatin organization in virally infected cells.}, journal = {Biochemical Society transactions}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1042/BST20240598}, pmid = {39927819}, issn = {1470-8752}, mesh = {*Biopolymers/chemistry ; *Chromatin/metabolism ; *Virus Diseases/metabolism/pathology ; *Models, Biological ; Humans ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; *Cells/virology ; }, abstract = {Genome architecture is closely tied to essential biological functions, yet a complete understanding of the mechanisms governing DNA folding remains a significant challenge. Theoretical models based on polymer physics have been applied to decipher the complexity of chromatin architecture and uncover the physical processes shaping its structure. Importantly, recent findings suggest that certain viruses can alter the 3D organization of the host genome. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of polymer models used to study how chromatin 3D structure within a cell re-organizes following viral infection, with a particular emphasis on the SARS-CoV-2 virus, capable of altering genome organization of the host cell at different scales, including A/B compartments, TADs and gene-enhancer regulatory contacts.}, }
@article {pmid39927083, year = {2025}, author = {Foster, JT and Zadnik, M}, title = {Addressing Occupational Dysfunction via Telehealth: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {International journal of telerehabilitation}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {e6638}, pmid = {39927083}, issn = {1945-2020}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: This review aims to identify how telehealth was utilized to address occupational dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic period.<br><br>METHODS: A scoping review following Arksey and O'Malley's stages was utilized to explore appropriate research. The scoping review covered articles from January 2020 to December 2022.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 23 articles are included in this scoping review which include 15 from the adult age group and eight from the pediatric.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The use of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to improve occupational dysfunction, both within the adult and pediatric settings. Further research is needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of telehealth to address occupational dysfunction.}, }
@article {pmid39926693, year = {2025}, author = {Jatt, KA and Froelicher, ES and Pienaar, AJ and Dhamani, KA}, title = {Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Nurses during the early phase of COVID-19: A meta-analysis.}, journal = {Pakistan journal of medical sciences}, volume = {41}, number = {2}, pages = {622-629}, pmid = {39926693}, issn = {1682-024X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed significant mental health challenges among healthcare workers, particularly nurses, who are key frontline responders and are the largest segment of the global health workforce. Given the ongoing threat of Mpox and potential new COVID-19 variants, understanding these challenges is vital. This review estimates the prevalence of anxiety and depression among nurses during the early phase of the pandemic to inform future pandemic responses.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to identify studies published from January 1st to November 9, 2020. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. This review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression.<br><br>FINDINGS: Twenty-seven studies, involving 39,386 nurses from ten countries, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of anxiety across 24 studies was 38.54% (95% CI: 33.99, 43.10) (I[2] = 97.89%). The pooled prevalence of depression in 22 studies was found to be 35.52% (95% CI: 26.61, 44.43) (I[2] = 99.72%).<br><br>INTERPRETATION: The pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression in nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 during the early phase of the pandemic was higher than that in other healthcare workers. With the ongoing Mpox outbreak and the potential for future pandemics, these findings necessitate timely screening and robust mental health strategies to support nurses and enhance healthcare resilience.}, }
@article {pmid39926204, year = {2025}, author = {Vitus, ES and Mann, S and Lees, CW and Jess, T and Elmahdi, R}, title = {A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Adverse Inflammatory Bowel Disease Outcomes Following Acute COVID-19.}, journal = {Gastro hep advances}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {100581}, pmid = {39926204}, issn = {2772-5723}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Respiratory viral infections have been implicated in the exacerbation of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To understand the impact of early SARS-CoV-2 variants on the risk of adverse IBD outcomes, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis of high-quality studies.<br><br>METHODS: Cohort studies investigating adverse IBD outcomes (IBD flares, change in disease activity, change in medication, IBD-related hospitalization, and surgery) following COVID-19 were retrieved from MEDLINE and Embase. The Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies-of Exposure tool was used to assess risk of bias. Random effects model meta-analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for risk of adverse outcomes. Subgroup analysis was performed to estimate risk of outcomes for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients. Metaregression was performed for sex and duration of follow-up.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 3119 identified studies, 5 were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 34,977 IBD patients with COVID-19 and 53,270 IBD patients without recorded COVID-19 infection were identified. Two of the studies showed a high risk of bias. The random effects model did not show a statistically significant increase in the risk of adverse IBD outcomes following COVID infection (HR:1.05 [0.75-1.46]). There was no significant difference in adverse outcomes between Crohn's disease (HR: 0.91 [0.82-1.02]) and ulcerative colitis patients (HR: 0.83 [0.76-0.90]). Neither the proportion of male participants nor the mean duration of follow-up were found to be significant predictors of effect size.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we find that COVID-19 did not increase the risk of adverse IBD outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39925756, year = {2025}, author = {Alie, MS and Tesema, GA and Abebe, GF and Girma, D}, title = {The prolonged health sequelae "of the COVID-19 pandemic" in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {1415427}, pmid = {39925756}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/psychology ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Quality of Life ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Survivors/psychology ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often face persistent and significant challenges that affect their physical, mental, and financial wellbeing, which can significantly diminish their overall quality of life. The emergence of new symptoms or the persistence of existing ones after a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis has given rise to a complex clinical issue known as "long COVID-19" (LC). This situation has placed additional strain on global healthcare systems, underscoring the urgent need for ongoing clinical management of these patients. While numerous studies have been conducted on the long-term effects of COVID-19, our systematic review, and meta-analysis, is the first of its kind in sub-Saharan Africa, providing a comprehensive understanding of the situation in the region and highlighting the necessity for continuous clinical management.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically synthesize evidence on the persistent sequelae of COVID-19 and their predictors in sub-Saharan Africa.<br><br>METHODS: A thorough search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google/Google Scholar, African online journals, and selected reference lists, from the inception of these databases until January 12, 2024. A meta-analysis of proportions was conducted using the random-effects restricted maximum-likelihood model. The association between various factors was also analyzed to determine the pooled factors that influence long COVID-19 outcomes.<br><br>RESULTS: Our comprehensive analysis of 16 research articles, involving a total of 18,104 participants revealed a pooled prevalence of COVID-19 sequelae at 42.1% (95% CI: 29.9-55.4). The long-term health sequelae identified in this review included persistent pulmonary sequelae (27.5%), sleep disturbance (22.5%), brain fog (27.4%), fatigue (17.4%), anxiety (22.3%), and chest pain (13.2%). We also found a significant association was observed between comorbidities and long COVID-19 sequelae [POR&#x202f;=&#x202f;4.34 (95% CI: 1.28-14.72)], providing a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing long COVID-19 outcomes.<br><br>CONCLUSION: COVID-19 can have long-lasting effects on various organ systems, even after a person has recovered from the infection. These effects can include brain fog, pulmonary symptoms, sleep disturbances, anxiety, fatigue, and other neurological, psychiatric, respiratory, cardiovascular, and general symptoms. It is crucial for individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 to receive careful follow-up care to assess and reduce any potential organ damage and maintain their quality of life.<br><br>Clinicaltrial.gov, identifier CRD42024501158.}, }
@article {pmid39925614, year = {2025}, author = {Majumder, MH and Sazzad, S and Hasin, R and Brishti, TJ and Tabassum, FN and Ahamed, T and Masud, AA and Akter, F}, title = {The Impact of Low Serum Magnesium Levels on COVID-19 Severity and Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Magnesium Supplementation: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e77118}, pmid = {39925614}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {In this review, our objective was to analyze the association between serum magnesium (Mg) levels, Mg supplementation, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. This systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searching major databases until February 2023. Twenty-six studies (11,363 patients) were included: 22 examining serum Mg levels (8474 patients) and four investigating Mg supplementations (2889 patients). Most studies indicated an association between lower serum Mg levels and increased COVID-19 severity, including higher mortality rates and prolonged recovery periods. Critical patients demonstrated significantly lower Mg levels compared to moderate/severe cases. However, some studies reported conflicting findings, with hypermagnesemia also associated with poor outcomes in specific patient populations. Regarding supplementation, higher dietary Mg intake correlated with shorter hospitalization duration and faster recovery. Mg supplementation exceeding 450 mg showed potential benefits, including increased antibody titers in pregnant women and reduced oxygen support requirements in elderly patients when combined with vitamins D and B12. While evidence suggests a potential relationship between Mg status and COVID-19 outcomes, findings are heterogeneous. Further investigation through well-designed clinical trials is required to gain deeper insights into the role of Mg in COVID-19 pathophysiology and the therapeutic potential of Mg supplementation.}, }
@article {pmid39925513, year = {2025}, author = {Chittajallu, LVS and Kaku, R and Kondadasula, P and Lim, JY and Zhumabekova, A}, title = {Safety and Efficacy of Vaccines During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e77176}, pmid = {39925513}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Maternal immunization is a safe and effective strategy for protecting mothers and infants from vaccine-preventable diseases. This systematic review evaluated the safety and efficacy of various vaccines administered during pregnancy, focusing on maternal and infant outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies. The search used terms and combinations such as ("maternal vaccination" OR "vaccination during pregnancy") AND ("safety" OR "efficacy" OR "immunogenicity") AND ("influenza" OR "DTaP" OR "respiratory syncytial virus" OR "group B streptococcus" OR "COVID-19"). Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" enhanced precision and filtered the limited results to studies published from 2018 to 2024. Eight studies were included in the review after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Influenza, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, respiratory syncytial virus, group B streptococcus, and COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective when administered during pregnancy. These vaccines elicit robust immune responses in pregnant women, with efficient transplacental antibody transfer providing passive immunity to newborns. Adverse effects were mostly mild to moderate and similar to those observed in nonpregnant individuals. No significant increase in adverse pregnancy or neonatal outcomes was associated with maternal vaccination. Most of the included randomized controlled trials (had a low risk of bias, thus supporting the reliability of the findings. However, vaccine hesitancy remains a challenge, highlighting the need for transparent communication between healthcare providers and pregnant women. Future research should focus on long-term infant health outcomes, vaccine safety, immunogenicity in diverse populations, and strategies to optimize maternal immunization timing and enhance neonatal antibody persistence. This review supports the implementation of routine maternal vaccination programs and emphasizes the importance of addressing knowledge gaps and ensuring equitable access to immunization during pregnancy.}, }
@article {pmid39924947, year = {2025}, author = {Mubbashir, Z and Tharwani, ZH and Kambar, T and Munawar, S and Raphael, O and Siddiqui, I and Nadeem, SA and Amir, A and Ahmed, A and Bin Zafar, MD and Anjum, MU and Hasanain, M and Malikzai, A}, title = {Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: Impact on Public Health, Current Insights, and Future Perspectives.}, journal = {Brain and behavior}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {e70292}, pmid = {39924947}, issn = {2162-3279}, mesh = {Humans ; *Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis/epidemiology/therapy/etiology ; Measles/complications ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Public Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare complication of the measles infection. SSPE is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes encephalitis, leading to the demyelination of neurons in the brain. It affects the brain in 9 months or less and hence subacute, causing encephalitis and lesions in the entire brain, so the term panencephalitis is used.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed and Google Scholar starting in April 2024, and all relevant articles were extracted for this review.<br><br>RESULTS: A recent surge in SSPE cases in developed countries has been reported. This has been attributed to reduced vaccination, aggravated by misinformation and a decline in immunization after the COVID-19 pandemic. SSPE is a progressive and relatively rare neurological complication of measles, which almost always results in a vegetative state followed by death. It typically presents 10&#xa0;years following exposure to measles. Manifestations of SSPE are divided into four stages that range from general personality changes to coma. Complications include ocular pathology and eventual blindness, as well as psychiatric illnesses. Treatment options for SSPE include symptomatic control with antiepileptic drugs, interferon combined treatment, vitamin A, ribavirin, and a ketogenic diet for disease modification.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The only prevention for SPPE is through vaccination. Several collaborative efforts have been made with WHO to improve surveillance and increase vaccination, but still many challenges prevail. Better prevention strategies and improved treatment outcomes can only be achieved by enhancing healthcare access, improving public awareness, analyzing community-based data, and studying the genetic and molecular associations of measles and SSPE.}, }
@article {pmid39924701, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, L and Yao, ZC and Lu, J and Tang, XL}, title = {Current understanding of the adaptive evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 genome.}, journal = {Yi chuan = Hereditas}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {211-227}, doi = {10.16288/j.yczz.24-231}, pmid = {39924701}, issn = {0253-9772}, mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/classification ; *Genome, Viral ; Humans ; *COVID-19/virology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Animals ; Phylogeny ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Mutation ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has significantly impacted human life safety and the global economy. The rapid mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 genome has attracted widespread attention, with almost every site in the genome experiencing single nucleotide variants (SNVs). Among these, the mutations in the spike (S) protein are of particular importance, as they play a more critical role in the virus's adaptive evolution and transmission. In this review, we summarize the phylogenetic relationships between SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses in non-human animals, and delves into the lineage classification of SARS-CoV-2 and the impact of key amino acid variations on viral biological characteristics. Furthermore, it outlines the current challenges and looks forward to the promising application of deep mutational scanning (DMS) combined with artificial intelligence methods in predicting the prevalence trends of SARS-CoV-2 variants.}, }
@article {pmid39924521, year = {2025}, author = {Yadav, M and Sharma, A and Patne, K and Tabasum, S and Suryavanshi, J and Rawat, L and Machaalani, M and Eid, M and Singh, RP and Choueiri, TK and Pal, S and Sabarwal, A}, title = {AXL signaling in cancer: from molecular insights to targeted therapies.}, journal = {Signal transduction and targeted therapy}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {37}, pmid = {39924521}, issn = {2059-3635}, support = {P50 CA101942/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA222355/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; RO1 CA193675 and RO1 CA222355//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Inc.)/ ; 2P50CA101942-16 and 5P30CA006516-56//Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center (DF/HCC)/ ; R01 CA193675/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA006516/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; 5P50CA101942-18//Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center (DF/HCC)/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ; *Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; *Signal Transduction/drug effects ; *Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity/genetics ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects/genetics ; Animals ; COVID-19/genetics/virology ; }, abstract = {AXL, a member of the TAM receptor family, has emerged as a potential target for advanced-stage human malignancies. It is frequently overexpressed in different cancers and plays a significant role in various tumor-promoting pathways, including cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, stemness, DNA damage response, acquired therapeutic resistance, immunosuppression, and inflammatory responses. Beyond oncology, AXL also facilitates viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 and Zika highlighting its importance in both cancer and virology. In preclinical models, small-molecule kinase inhibitors targeting AXL have shown promising anti-tumorigenic potential. This review primarily focuses on the induction, regulation and biological functions of AXL in mediating these tumor-promoting pathways. We discuss a range of therapeutic strategies, including recently developed small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), monoclonal antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), anti-AXL-CAR, and combination therapies. These interventions are being examined in both preclinical and clinical studies, offering the potential for improved drug sensitivity and therapeutic efficacy. We further discuss the mechanisms of acquired therapeutic resistance, particularly the crosstalk between AXL and other critical receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as c-MET, EGFR, HER2/HER3, VEGFR, PDGFR, and FLT3. Finally, we highlight key research areas that require further exploration to enhance AXL-mediated therapeutic approaches for improved clinical outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39924351, year = {2025}, author = {Gale, EL and Manrai, R and Caddick, L and Murray, A and Whalley, HC and Smith, D and Gardani, M}, title = {Co-production in sleep research: A scoping review of current practices and future directions.}, journal = {Journal of sleep research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e14476}, doi = {10.1111/jsr.14476}, pmid = {39924351}, issn = {1365-2869}, support = {MR/X028917/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; 226944/Z/23/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {Sleep is essential for mental and physical health, and research in the field has substantially expanded over the past 50 years. Co-production methodology has been increasingly used within health and social care research, and refers to collaboration between researchers, policy makers, community partners and wider stakeholders. The aim of this scoping review was to detail the use of co-production methods within sleep research. A review of the existing literature was conducted using seven databases following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Search terms included objective and subjective sleep outcomes, and the use of co-production research methodologies. Sixteen studies were included in the final review: 10 studies used solely qualitative co-production methods to inform intervention design and development (sleep as a primary outcome [n = 5] and as a secondary outcome [n = 5]), and six studies used co-production methodologies to establish sleep as a priority outcome for future research. Most studies used consultation approaches to design interventions (n = 8), instead of using co-design teams (n = 2). Two studies focusing on intervention development recruiting participants from clinical populations with poor sleep, other studies recruited from those with other underlying conditions or a healthy population. The most common limitations of the included studies were small sample size, researcher driven topics/domains for the PAR components, under-representative samples and COVID-19 pressures. Future sleep research should consider the use of co-production methodologies from the study conceptualisation, through to the design, development and implementation of research to further benefit the intended research population.}, }
@article {pmid39924244, year = {2025}, author = {Ishizuka, Y and Oe, Y and Kinomura, S and Kin, S and Noguchi, Y and Kikuchi, K and Yoshida, M and Makino, R and Okamoto, K and Nagasawa, T and Toyohara, T and Miyazaki, M and Sato, H and Onishi, Y and Warita, H and Tanaka, T}, title = {Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia/Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma Developing Renal AA Amyloidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.}, journal = {Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)}, volume = {64}, number = {8}, pages = {1199-1204}, doi = {10.2169/internalmedicine.4678-24}, pmid = {39924244}, issn = {1349-7235}, mesh = {Humans ; *Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/complications/diagnosis ; Male ; Aged ; *Amyloidosis/etiology/diagnosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome/etiology ; Fatal Outcome ; COVID-19/complications ; *Kidney Diseases/etiology/diagnosis ; Kidney/pathology ; Serum Amyloid A Protein ; }, abstract = {AA amyloidosis is a rare renal complication of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (WM/LPL). A 66-year-old man with WM/LPL presented with nephrotic syndrome. A renal biopsy showed AA amyloidosis. Chemotherapy resulted in the remission of hematologic and nephrotic syndromes. Two years into follow-up, he became infected with coronavirus disease 2019 and had massive proteinuria, despite no relapse of WM/LPL. A second renal biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of AA amyloidosis. However, increased prednisolone did not improve proteinuria. The patient ultimately died of cryptococcal meningitis. This case highlights the diverse spectrum of renal involvement in monoclonal IgM-secreting diseases and difficulty in managing fatal complications.}, }
@article {pmid39923941, year = {2025}, author = {Schreiber, A and Ludwig, S}, title = {Host-targeted antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 in clinical development - Prospect or disappointment?.}, journal = {Antiviral research}, volume = {235}, number = {}, pages = {106101}, doi = {10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106101}, pmid = {39923941}, issn = {1872-9096}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19/virology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Development ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; Animals ; }, abstract = {The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, has seen an unprecedented increase in the development of antiviral therapies. Traditional antiviral strategies have primarily focused on direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), which specifically target viral components. In recent years, increasing attention was given to an alternative approach aiming to exploit host cellular pathways or immune responses to inhibit viral replication, which has led to development of so-called host-targeted antivirals (HTAs). The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 has promoted a boost in this field. Numerous HTAs have been tested and demonstrated their potential against SARS-CoV-2 through in vitro and in vivo studies. However, in striking contrast, only a limited number have successfully progressed to advanced clinical trial phases (2-4), and even less have entered clinical practice. This review aims to explore the current landscape of HTAs targeting SARS-CoV-2 that have reached phase 2-4 clinical trials. Additionally, it will explore the challenges faced in the development of HTAs and in gaining regulatory approval and market availability.}, }
@article {pmid39923763, year = {2025}, author = {Yan, Y and Jia, J and Liu, B and Ke, Y and Liu, Y}, title = {Adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines before and during COVID-19 in children: A review.}, journal = {International journal of sports medicine}, volume = {46}, number = {5}, pages = {305-315}, doi = {10.1055/a-2464-3228}, pmid = {39923763}, issn = {1439-3964}, support = {23&amp;ZD197//Research on the High-Quality Development of Youth Sports in China/ ; }, mesh = {Child ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Exercise/standards ; *Guideline Adherence/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Pandemics/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Screen Time ; Sleep ; }, abstract = {This study aims to describe and compare adherence to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (recommendations for physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration) among children before and during COVID-19 pandemic . The literature search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus for quantitative studies on 24-hour movement behaviors, published in English. The studies were categorized by collection date into before the pandemic (June 16th, 2016 - March 10, 2020) and during the pandemic (March 11th, 2020 - May 5, 2023), with all studies included. A random-effects model was employed to synthesize the adherence rates, and subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, sex, region, and Human development index (HDI) groups. Before the pandemic, 12.1% (95% CI:10.3%-13.9%) of overall children met the three recommendations. During the pandemic, 8.6% (95% CI: 6.4%-11.4%) of overall children met the three recommendations. The adherence to the three recommendations during the pandemic was 3.5% lower (p<0.05) than before the pandemic, with significant regional differences (p<0.05). Most children fail to meet the guidelines in any period. The adherence to the three 24-Hour Movement Guidelines during the pandemic was lower than before, with varying degrees of low adherence across different groups.}, }
@article {pmid39923730, year = {2025}, author = {Amiral, J and Ferol, R}, title = {Update on the measurement of "soluble angiotensin converting enzyme 2" in plasma and its emerging significance as a novel biomarker of cardiovascular and kidney diseases: A concise commentary.}, journal = {Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {104090}, doi = {10.1016/j.transci.2025.104090}, pmid = {39923730}, issn = {1473-0502}, mesh = {Humans ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/blood ; Biomarkers/blood ; *COVID-19/blood ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/diagnosis ; *Kidney Diseases/blood/diagnosis ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 has emerged as a major cell-surface enzyme receptor for controlling the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System. The SARS-Cov-2 pandemics has focused a major interest on that cell-surface receptor. It is the virus entry door for cell infection, and when inside it can replicate and lead to cell destruction. In some physio-pathological conditions, ADAM 17 and TMPSSR2 enzymes can cleave ACE2 on the cell surface and release its extra-cellular domain into the blood circulation. Measurement of this soluble protein then becomes possible, preferentially in plasma, but also in serum. Clinical studies have shown that Soluble ACE2 is an emerging biomarker for cardiovascular and kidney diseases and it could be of prognostic value for heart failure and kidney dysfunctions. In Covid-19 its diagnostic value is controversial, and the various studies lead to different conclusions. Many laboratory assays have been reported for the measurement of this biomarker. They concern enzymatic assays, aptamer methods, or immunoassays, either chemiluminescent or ELISA. Normal and pathological plasma concentrations reported with the various assays yet lack standardization and are very heterogenous. Recently introduced immunoassays tend to yield more compliant results despite variations due to the assay design and calibration, or the antibody targeted epitopes and reactivity. This article reports an ELISA designed with affinity purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies, obtained with recombinant ACE2 and calibrated with the recombinant protein in plasma. This assay has a global reactivity with the various ACE2 protein epitopes. Assay performance characteristics, and values measured in normal populations are presented. Availability of optimized ELISAs can contribute to a better harmonization of sACE2 measurements in plasma, and confirm its clinical significance as biomarker.}, }
@article {pmid39923424, year = {2025}, author = {He, M and He, CQ and Ding, NZ}, title = {Human viruses: An ever-increasing list.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {604}, number = {}, pages = {110445}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110445}, pmid = {39923424}, issn = {1096-0341}, mesh = {Humans ; *Viruses/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *Virus Diseases/virology/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Animals ; COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; World Health Organization ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Public Health ; Zoonoses/virology ; }, abstract = {It has been 124 years since yellow fever was demonstrated to be caused by a 'filterable agent'. While long-standing viral diseases, with the exception of smallpox, continue to be endemic, new ones have been emerging intermittently, primarily from a substantial zoonotic reservoir, leading to significant socioeconomic consequences. Currently, we are contending not only with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic but with surges of various other viral infections. Recent metagenomic analyses have revealed a variety of novel human viruses whose health implications remain largely unclear. The following questions arise: How many human viruses have been identified? Which of these viruses are etiological agents of human diseases? This review aims to address the two inquiries and highlight the viruses that pose significant public health threats as outlined in the World Health Organization's Fact Sheets. Importantly, many human viruses are preventable; appropriate precautions can be implemented to mitigate the risk of infection.}, }
@article {pmid39922967, year = {2025}, author = {Bansal, A and Trieu, MC and Eriksson, EM and Zhou, F and McVernon, J and Brokstad, KA and Cox, RJ}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and associated risk factors in healthcare workers: systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {4705}, pmid = {39922967}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/transmission/virology/prevention &amp; control ; *Health Personnel/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Risk Factors ; *SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Occupational Exposure ; Prevalence ; }, abstract = {To protect healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic, rigorous efforts were made to reduce infection rates among healthcare workers (HCWs), especially prior to vaccine availability. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among HCWs and identify potential risk factors associated with transmission. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar from 1 December 2019 to 5 February 2024. From 498 initial records, 190 articles were reviewed, and 63 studies were eligible. ROBINS-E tool revealed a lower risk of bias in several domains; however, some concerns related to confounding and exposure measurement were identified. Globally, 11% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9-13) of 283,932 HCWs were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Infection rates were associated with a constellation of risk factors and major circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. Household exposure (odds ratio (OR) 7.07; 95% CI 3.93-12.73), working as a cleaner (OR 2.72; 95% CI 1.39-5.32), occupational exposure (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.49-2.14), inadequate training on infection prevention and control (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.14-1.87), insufficient use of personal protective equipment (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.14-1.84), performing aerosol generating procedures (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.21-1.52) and inadequate hand hygiene (OR 1.17; 95% CI 0.79-1.73) were associated with an increased SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conversely, history of quarantine (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.08-0.60) and frequent decontamination of high touch areas (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.42-0.64) were protective factors against SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study quantifies the substantial global burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs. We underscore the urgent need for effective infection prevention and control measures, particularly addressing factors such as household exposure and occupational practices by HCWs, including cleaning staff.}, }
@article {pmid39922026, year = {2025}, author = {Wong, ACP and Lau, SKP and Woo, PCY}, title = {Bats as a mixing vessel for generation of novel coronaviruses: Co-circulation and co-infection of coronaviruses and other viruses.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {604}, number = {}, pages = {110426}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110426}, pmid = {39922026}, issn = {1096-0341}, mesh = {*Chiroptera/virology ; Animals ; *Coinfection/virology/veterinary ; *Coronavirus/genetics/classification/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; *Coronavirus Infections/virology/veterinary/transmission/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Alphacoronavirus/genetics ; Phylogeny ; }, abstract = {Bats are the hosts of a wide variety of coronaviruses (CoVs) of the genera Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus. The presence of more than one CoV species or strain in a single bat species greatly enhances the chance of genetic exchange among the CoVs, mainly through homologous recombination, and hence enhance the generation of novel CoV species or strains that may adapt to human or other animals and result in future epidemics. In this article, we review the evidence for co-circulation and/or co-infection of two or more CoVs in the same bat species, including co-infection with different strains of a CoV, co-circulation/co-infection of different alphaCoVs or betaCoVs, and co-circulation/co-infection of alphaCoVs and betaCoVs together. With next-generation sequencing, there has been a recent explosion of such discoveries. It is anticipated that countless more similar findings will be made in the near future.}, }
@article {pmid39921787, year = {2025}, author = {Lawal, AO and Ogunniyi, TJ and Oludele, OI and Olorunfemi, OA and Okesanya, OJ and Ogaya, JB and Manirambona, E and Ahmed, MM and Lucero-Prisno, DE}, title = {Innovative laboratory techniques shaping cancer diagnosis and treatment in developing countries.}, journal = {Discover oncology}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {137}, pmid = {39921787}, issn = {2730-6011}, abstract = {Cancer is a major global health challenge, with approximately 19.3 million new cases and 10 million deaths estimated by 2020. Laboratory advancements in cancer detection have transformed diagnostic capabilities, particularly through the use of biomarkers that play crucial roles in risk assessment, therapy selection, and disease monitoring. Tumor histology, single-cell technology, flow cytometry, molecular imaging, liquid biopsy, immunoassays, and molecular diagnostics have emerged as pivotal tools for cancer detection. The integration of artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning and convolutional neural networks, has enhanced the diagnostic accuracy and data analysis capabilities. However, developing countries face significant challenges including financial constraints, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and limited access to advanced diagnostic technologies. The impact of COVID-19 has further complicated cancer management in resource-limited settings. Future research should focus on precision medicine and early cancer diagnosis through sophisticated laboratory techniques to improve prognosis and health outcomes. This review examines the evolving landscape of cancer detection, focusing on laboratory research breakthroughs and limitations in developing countries, while providing recommendations for advancing tumor diagnostics in resource-constrained environments.}, }
@article {pmid39921187, year = {2025}, author = {Pouliopoulou, DV and Hawthorne, M and MacDermid, JC and Billias, N and Miller, E and Quinn, K and Décary, S and Razak, FA and Cheung, A and Galiatsatos, P and Pereira, TV and Bobos, P}, title = {Prevalence and Impact of Postexertional Malaise on Recovery in Adults With Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis.}, journal = {Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.apmr.2025.01.471}, pmid = {39921187}, issn = {1532-821X}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of postexertional malaise (PEM) in people with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC); and the change in prevalence of PEM after rehabilitation interventions in people with PCC.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and clinical trial registries from inception until February 11, 2025.<br><br>STUDY SELECTION: We included observational studies that measured the prevalence of PEM in adults with PCC and interventional studies that measured the change in prevalence of PEM after rehabilitation interventions in adults with PCC. Two independent researchers screened titles and abstracts. Any discrepancies underwent full text review. Two independent researchers screened the articles included at the full text level.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent researchers extracted data from eligible studies. We extracted point prevalence from the cross-sectional studies; and period prevalence from the longitudinal studies. Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias. Discrepancies were resolved with a senior research team member. For the prevalence studies we used the ROBINS-E tool. For randomized controlled trials we used the RoB2 tool. For non-randomized interventional studies we used the ROBINS-I tool to assess the non-randomized studies. We used the GRADE system to assess the certainty of the evidence.<br><br>DATA SYNTHESIS: We performed a single-arm proportional meta-analysis to synthesize prevalence estimates using logit transformation. We conducted a sensitivity analysis using multilevel-mixed-effects logistic regression. We used a random effects model. Results were reported as proportions with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) or presented descriptively when statistical analysis was not applied. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024516682). The prevalence of PEM in community-dwelling adults living with PCC was 25% (95% CI: 0.17-0.36; 10 studies; 4,076 low certainty after the word participants). Five of the included studies (193 patients) found a decrease in the frequency and intensity of PEM episodes in adults with PCC after a tailored rehabilitation program centered on integrating pacing approaches. Eight studies (1080 patients) measured PEM as an adverse event following an individually tailored rehabilitation intervention with a therapeutic exercise component. Seven of these studies did not find indications of post exertional symptom exacerbation related to the exercise component of the intervention. All of the studies had high to very high risk of bias.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our research confirms that there is a large burden of PEM in adults living with PCC, highlighting a critical challenge for health care systems and an urgent need for more inclusive and rigorous research, to offer safe and effective therapeutic solutions and meet the variable needs of people with PCC that experience PEM. There is a subgroup of patients with PCC who do not experience PEM; and there is limited evidence that supervised, individually tailored, symptom-titrated rehabilitation interventions with active exercise components may not trigger PEM in this subgroup of people with PCC. Our results are limited by the insufficient reporting of the percentage of PEM in the baseline before enrolling patients in the rehabilitation programs, and the large number of studies using nonvalidated, unstandardized tools to measure PEM in people with PCC; hence, there is an urgent need to strengthen the methods of future trials.}, }
@article {pmid39920989, year = {2025}, author = {Waters, MD and Warren, SG}, title = {A tale of two drugs: Molnupiravir and Paxlovid.}, journal = {Mutation research. Reviews in mutation research}, volume = {795}, number = {}, pages = {108533}, doi = {10.1016/j.mrrev.2025.108533}, pmid = {39920989}, issn = {1388-2139}, abstract = {The orally administered antiviral drug Lagevrio or molnupiravir (MOV) and the combination antiviral drug nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or Paxlovid (PAX) have been shown to reduce the likelihood of hospitalization and death for high-risk patients with COVID-19. Clinical studies, including those comparing PAX and MOV, were reviewed; both drugs are effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in COVID patients, although PAX generally appears to be more efficacious. Both drugs received Emergency Use Authorization in the United States for mild to moderate COVID-19 infection, while only PAX has subsequently been given full FDA approval. The principal disadvantage of PAX is that it interacts with many commonly used drugs, while MOV does not. The purpose of this review is to summarize current information and knowledge about these two drugs. The two drugs have completely different mechanisms of action. PAX inhibits viral replication while MOV induces viral replication errors that are expected to lead to viral inactivation. There is, however, the potential that MOV also could mutate host DNA and cause the virus to mutate into variants with new features. The package insert for MOV states that patients should be notified of relevant toxicity issues before administration. Sensitive mutation detection/analysis studies, such as error corrected Next Generation Sequencing (ecNGS) or HPRT mutation detection assays, in MOV-treated patients are needed to establish the safety of MOV.}, }
@article {pmid39919521, year = {2025}, author = {Sosa, P and Kharrazi, H and Lehmann, H}, title = {A framework to integrate equity in public health emergency response dashboards: Dashboard instrument to review equity (DIRE).}, journal = {Public health}, volume = {240}, number = {}, pages = {182-194}, doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.053}, pmid = {39919521}, issn = {1476-5616}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Equity ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Public Health ; Pandemics ; Decision Making ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 created an urgent element of clinical and financial strain to the public health system, forcing it into rapid response mode. Key public health decisions were quickly made, with limited data and guidance to address decision trade-offs and community inequities. Gaps identified in the pandemic confirmed the need for a new tool, like this study's Dashboard Instrument to Review Equity (DIRE) Framework, to ensure decision-makers are given quick and equitable decision-making guidance.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Scoping review and tool development.<br><br>METHODS: The scoping review was conducted through PRISMA-ScR, and by utilizing tools like PubMed, Scopus, and Paper Piles to compile and cite. Three levels of thematic analysis were completed. Tool development consisted of building a conceptual model on the DIKW Pyramid and Informatics Stack. Then the review's five themes were integrated into DIRE.<br><br>RESULTS: The review closed at a final count of 102 articles, with five themes emerging: COVID-19 impact, Health Equity, Decisions During Emergencies, Dashboards and Decision Support, and Frameworks. COVID-19 dashboards were also reviewed. DIRE was designed into three layers (context, data flow, and dashboard users) and three data flow buckets (data sources, DIK pillars, and interventions).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study aimed to (1) Establish a research foundation of health equity, COVID-19 lessons learned, and decision support, and (2) Develop an evidence-based framework. Though further research is still recommended, DIRE is now the first 3-point framework aimed at preparing decision-makers to respond quickly and equitably to future emergencies.}, }
@article {pmid39918873, year = {2025}, author = {Chhabra, KH and Shoemaker, R and Herath, CB and Thomas, MC and Filipeanu, CM and Lazartigues, E}, title = {Molecular dissection of the role of ACE2 in glucose homeostasis.}, journal = {Physiological reviews}, volume = {105}, number = {3}, pages = {935-973}, doi = {10.1152/physrev.00027.2024}, pmid = {39918873}, issn = {1522-1210}, support = {R01 DK124619/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R56 DK140148/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; BX004294//U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)/ ; HL150592//HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ ; }, mesh = {*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; Humans ; *Homeostasis/physiology ; *Glucose/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; }, abstract = {Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was discovered 25 years ago as a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, opposing the effects of angiotensin II. Beyond its well-demonstrated roles in cardiovascular regulation and COVID-19 pathology, ACE2 is involved in a plethora of physiopathological processes. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries on the role of ACE2 in glucose homeostasis and regulation of metabolism. In the endocrine pancreas, ACE2 is expressed at low levels in β-cells, but loss of its expression inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and impairs glucose tolerance. Conversely, overexpression of ACE2 improved glycemia, suggesting that recombinant ACE2 might be a future therapy for diabetes. In the skeletal muscle of ACE2-deficient mice a progressive triglyceride accumulation was observed, whereas in diabetic kidney the initial increase in ACE2 is followed by a chronic reduction of expression in kidney tubules and impairment of glucose metabolism. At the intestinal level dysregulation of the enzyme alters the amino acid absorption and intestinal microbiome, whereas at the hepatic level ACE2 protects against diabetic fatty liver disease. Not least, ACE2 is upregulated in adipocytes in response to nutritional stimuli, and administration of recombinant ACE2 decreased body weight and increased thermogenesis. In addition to tissue-specific regulation of ACE2 function, the enzyme undergoes complex cellular posttranslational modifications that are changed during diabetes evolution, with at least proteolytic cleavage and ubiquitination leading to modifications in ACE2 activity. Detailed characterization of ACE2 in a cellular and tissue-specific manner holds promise for improving therapeutic outcomes in diabetes and metabolic disorders.}, }
@article {pmid39918412, year = {2025}, author = {Ding, R and Zhuang, D and Zuo, X and Wei, W and Ma, L and Du, H and Jin, A and Li, X}, title = {Advancements in Telemedicine for Surgical Practices: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis.}, journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association}, volume = {31}, number = {4}, pages = {386-397}, doi = {10.1089/tmj.2024.0455}, pmid = {39918412}, issn = {1556-3669}, mesh = {*Bibliometrics ; *Telemedicine/trends ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Purposes: This study aims to use bibliometric analysis to explore the development, research hotspots, and trends in the field of telemedicine for surgical practices (TSPs). Methods: A bibliometric analysis of 3,235 documents from the Web of Science Core Collection was conducted, spanning from 2004 to 2022. Citespace (6.2.R5) was used to perform a bibliometric analysis. Results: The findings highlight a marked escalation in researches of TSPs, particularly between 2019 and 2022, aligning with the COVID-19 pandemic. The Telemedicine and e-Health Journal was the most productive journal with 118 publications, and Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare had the most citations (n = 700). Howard S. An and Mohammad El-sharkawi had the most papers (n = 8). Harvard University was the most prolific institution (n = 103). The United States, England, and Canada were identified as the predominant contributing countries with a total of 1,521 publications. There was a notable shift in research focus areas over time, with recent emphasis being placed on pediatric surgery, COVID-19-related studies, and orthopedics. Future trends may involve teleconsulting, ameliorating the quality and safety of telemedicine, and improving satisfaction levels of patients and caregivers when they are using telemedicine. Conclusions: The study reveals that the rapid and sustained advancement in TSPs, significantly driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, and huge gaps between developed countries and developing countries. This study also reflects the current hotspots and future directions for TSPs.}, }
@article {pmid39917926, year = {2024}, author = {Maideen, NMP and Kandasamy, K and Balasubramanian, R}, title = {Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Paxlovid Involving CYP3A Enzymes and P-gp Transporter: An Overview of Clinical Data.}, journal = {Current drug metabolism}, volume = {25}, number = {9}, pages = {639-652}, pmid = {39917926}, issn = {1875-5453}, mesh = {Humans ; Drug Interactions ; *Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A/metabolism ; *ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism ; *Ritonavir/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The US FDA has approved paxlovid, a combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, as the first oral treatment for the management of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review article is to explore the clinical data that is currently available regarding the drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of paxlovid with various medications.<br><br>METHODS: Keywords, such as drug interactions, paxlovid, ritonavir, nirmatrelvir, pharmacokinetic interactions, CYP3A, and P-glycoprotein, were used to search online databases, including LitCOVID, Scopus, Embase, EBSCO host, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and reference lists.<br><br>RESULTS: Paxlovid interacted with a variety of medications due to strong inhibition of CYP3A4 and P-gp transporter protein by ritonavir and the dual function of nirmatrelvir as a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A enzymes and P-gp transporter protein. Numerous case reports and other studies determined that the risk of toxicities of several drugs, including anticoagulants (warfarin, rivaroxaban), calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, manidipine, verapamil), statins (atorvastatin), immunosuppressants (tacrolimus), antiarrhythmics (amiodarone), antipsychotics (clozapine, quetiapine), and ranolazine have been enhanced by the concomitant administration of paxlovid.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Adverse effects of paxlovid from DDIs can range from less-than-ideal therapeutic responses to potentially fatal toxicities. Effective management requires close observation, adjustments to dosage, and assessment of substitute treatments. Collaboration between pharmacists and other medical professionals is necessary to guarantee effective and safe treatment outcomes of paxlovid therapy.}, }
@article {pmid39917810, year = {2025}, author = {Lui, GCY and Lai, CKC}, title = {Community acquired pneumonia due to antibiotic resistant- Streptococcus pneumoniae : diagnosis, management and prevention.}, journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {211-217}, pmid = {39917810}, issn = {1531-6971}, mesh = {Humans ; *Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control/drug therapy/microbiology/epidemiology ; *Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects/isolation &amp; purification ; *Pneumococcal Vaccines ; *Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention &amp; control/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Adult ; Community-Acquired Pneumonia ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A resurgence of pneumococcal pneumonia has been observed after a marked reduction in the early COVID-19 pandemic. Penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae is regarded as a WHO priority pathogen.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Overall antibiotic resistance rates in S. pneumoniae have increased due to increase in antibiotic consumption and changes in serotype distribution, partly driven by the rollout of pneumococcal vaccination. Isolates from pneumococcal pneumonia have higher resistance rates than those from invasive pneumococcal disease. New antibiotics have been approved for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, and are active against multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae . Pneumococcal vaccines in both children and adults are effective in reducing the burden of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults, though some circulating vaccine and nonvaccine serotypes are driving antibiotic resistance.<br><br>SUMMARY: Continual surveillance of serotype and resistance patterns of S. pneumoniae causing pneumonia in adult populations is important after the introduction of new pneumococcal vaccines. Novel pneumococcal vaccine platforms are needed to overcome the threats of serotype replacement and antibiotic resistance.}, }
@article {pmid39917633, year = {2025}, author = {Kumar, M and Baig, MS and Bhardwaj, K}, title = {Advancements in the development of antivirals against SARS-Coronavirus.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1520811}, pmid = {39917633}, issn = {2235-2988}, mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; *Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy/virology/epidemiology ; *Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/drug effects ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Betacoronavirus/drug effects ; *Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Drug Development ; }, abstract = {Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) caused an outbreak in 2002-2003, spreading to 29 countries with a mortality rate of about 10%. Strict quarantine and infection control methods quickly stopped the spread of the disease. Later research showed that SARS-CoV came from animals (zoonosis) and stressed the possibility of a similar spread from host to human, which was clearly shown by the COVID-19 outbreak. The COVID-19 pandemic, instigated by SARS-CoV-2, has affected 776 million confirmed cases and more than seven million deaths globally as of Sept 15, 2024. The existence of animal reservoirs of coronaviruses continues to pose a risk of re-emergence with improved fitness and virulence. Given the high death rate (up to 70 percent) and the high rate of severe sickness (up to 68.7 percent in long-COVID patients), it is even more critical to identify new therapies as soon as possible. This study combines research on antivirals that target SARS coronaviruses that have been conducted over the course of more than twenty years. It is a beneficial resource that might be useful in directing future studies.}, }
@article {pmid39917519, year = {2024}, author = {Tan, MH and Seah, SSY and Seah, XY and Teo, S and Leow, J and Low, LL}, title = {Models of community hospitals and state of research in high-income countries: a scoping review.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1507729}, pmid = {39917519}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hospitals, Community/organization &amp; administration ; *Developed Countries ; *COVID-19/therapy/epidemiology ; Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Existing literature have not reviewed the growing spectrum of care models in Community Hospitals (CH) along with the scope of research. We fill this gap by reviewing CHs models in high-income countries.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a scoping review according to Arksey &amp; O'Malley's framework. We searched for articles published between January 2016 to April 2024 in EMBASE, PubMed, and Scopus. Additional studies were identified through snowballing.<br><br>RESULTS: 470 studies were included in the review. CHs models in 22 countries were categorized based on healthcare services provided and target patient populations. CHs in 18 countries were found to provide COVID-19 services. CHs in eight countries primarily provide post-acute and rehabilitative services. 40 articles were extracted to synthesize research themes in CHs providing post-acute care. Majority focused on assessing the healthcare needs of patient populations. Other domains include program efficacy, research and educational needs of staff, clinical guidelines reviews, and the community's role in supporting CHs.<br><br>CONCLUSION: CHs evolve to meet changing healthcare needs and understanding the state of CHs research would inform potential research directions. Future studies could explore the relationship between post-acute settings and the community, and strategies to enhance staff capability and address barriers to conducting research in post-acute settings.}, }
@article {pmid39917304, year = {2025}, author = {Lin, Y and Zhu, Y and Jing, L and Lei, X and Xie, Z}, title = {Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {1484119}, pmid = {39917304}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *Virus Replication/immunology ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Animals ; *Virus Diseases/immunology/virology ; }, abstract = {Viral infectious diseases, caused by numerous viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (IAV), enterovirus (EV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human papillomavirus (HPV), pose a continuous threat to global health. As obligate parasites, viruses rely on host cells to replicate, and host cells have developed numerous defense mechanisms to counteract viral infection. Host restriction factors (HRFs) are critical components of the early antiviral response. These cellular proteins inhibit viral replication and spread by impeding essential steps in the viral life cycle, such as viral entry, genome transcription and replication, protein translation, viral particle assembly, and release. This review summarizes the current understanding of how host restriction factors inhibit viral replication, with a primary focus on their diverse antiviral mechanisms against a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus, enteroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and human papillomavirus. In addition, we highlight the crucial role of these factors in shaping the host-virus interactions and discuss their potential as targets for antiviral drug development.}, }
@article {pmid39916864, year = {2024}, author = {Petitjeans, F and Longrois, D and Ghignone, M and Quintin, L}, title = {Combining O2 High Flow Nasal or Non-Invasive Ventilation with Cooperative Sedation to Avoid Intubation in Early Diffuse Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Especially in Immunocompromised or COVID Patients?.}, journal = {Journal of critical care medicine (Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie din Targu-Mures)}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {291-315}, pmid = {39916864}, issn = {2393-1809}, abstract = {This overview addresses the pathophysiology of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS; conventional vs. COVID), the use of oxygen high flow (HFN) vs. noninvasive ventilation (NIV; conventional vs. helmet) and a multi-modal approach to avoid endotracheal intubation ("intubation"): low normal temperature, cooperative sedation, normalized systemic and microcirculation, anti-inflammation, reduced lung water, upright position, lowered intra-abdominal pressure. Increased ventilatory muscle activity ("respiratory drive") is observed in early ARDS, at variance with ventilatory fatigue observed in decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This increased drive leads to impending then overt ventilatory failure. Therefore, muscle relaxation presents little rationale and should be replaced by lowering the excessive respiratory drive, increased work of breathing, continued or increased labored breathing, self-induced lung injury (SILI), i.e. preserving spontaneous breathing. As CMV is a lifesaver in the setting of failure but does not heal the lung, side-effects of intubation, controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), paralysis and deep sedation are to be avoided. Additionally, critical care resources shortage requires practice changes. Therefore, NIV should be routine when addressing immune-compromised patients. The SARS-CoV2 pandemics extended this approach to most patients, which are immune-compromised: elderly, obese, diabetic, etc. The early COVID is a pulmonary vascular endothelial inflammatory disease requiring lower positive-end-expiratory pressure than the typical pulmonary alveolar epithelial inflammatory diffuse ARDS. This leads one to reassess a) the technique of NIV b) the sedation regimen facilitating continuous and extended NIV to avoid intubation. Autonomic, circulatory, respiratory, ventilatory physiology is hierarchized under HFN/NIV and cooperative sedation (dexmedetomidine, clonidine). A prospective randomized pilot trial, then a larger trial are required to ascertain our working hypotheses.}, }
@article {pmid39916552, year = {2025}, author = {Kulkarni, D and Lee, B and Ismail, NF and Rahman, AE and Spinardi, J and Kyaw, MH and Nair, H}, title = {Incidence, severity, risk factors and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the Omicron period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of global health}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {04032}, pmid = {39916552}, issn = {2047-2986}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Incidence ; *Reinfection/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Our previous systematic review estimated the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections as 1.16% (95% CI = 1.01-1.33%) during the pre-Omicron period. The Omicron variant that emerged in November 2021 was significantly genetically distinct from the previous SARS-CoV-2 variants and thus, more transmissible and posed an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in the population. We, therefore, conducted a fresh systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection burden during the Omicron period.<br><br>METHODS: We searched CINAHL, Medline, Global Health, Embase, and WHO COVID-19 in October 2023 for studies reporting the SARS-CoV-2 reinfection incidence during the Omicron period. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the incidence, and requirement of hospitalisation of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. Symptomatic severity of reinfections and case fatality rates were analysed narratively.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirty-six studies were included. The reinfection cumulative incidence during the Omicron period was 3.35% (95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.95-5.72%) based on data from 28 studies. The cumulative incidence was higher in 18-59-year-old adults (6.62% (95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.22-13.12%)) compared to other age groups and in health care workers (9.88% (95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;5.18-18.03%)) compared to the general population (2.48% (95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.34-4.54%)). We estimated about 1.81% (95% CI&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.18-15.87%) of the reinfected cases required hospitalisation based on limited and highly variable data.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There was an increased risk of reinfections during the Omicron period compared to the pre-Omicron period. The incidence was higher in 18-59-year-old adults and health care workers and generally less severe during the Omicron period. However, data were limited on disease severity and long-term outcomes.<br><br>REGISTRATION: PROSPERO: CRD42023482598.}, }
@article {pmid39916377, year = {2025}, author = {Mirza, AA and Almalki, AH and Noori, FA and Neazy, SA and Dahm, V and Bajin, MD and Lin, VY}, title = {Facial Nerve Palsy Amid the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Pooled Analysis.}, journal = {Journal of otolaryngology - head &amp; neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale}, volume = {54}, number = {}, pages = {19160216251315057}, pmid = {39916377}, issn = {1916-0216}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/complications ; *Facial Paralysis/epidemiology/etiology ; Incidence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Pandemics ; }, abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Idiopathic facial nerve palsy (FNP) has devastating sequelae and is potentially linked to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The rate of FNP was compared in the pandemic versus pre-pandemic periods. Furthermore, the risk of FNP was estimated among the COVID-19 vaccinated group.<br><br>DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis.<br><br>SETTING: An electronic search was conducted in 7 databases: Scopus, Web of Science core collection, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL.<br><br>PARTICIPANTS: English observational studies investigating an association between idiopathic FNP and COVID-19 or its vaccination were included, irrespective of patients' demographics.<br><br>EXPOSURES: COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccine.<br><br>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in FNP incidence between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods; risk of developing FNP in individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 compared to those who were unvaccinated against COVID-19.<br><br>RESULTS: After excluding duplicates, the search yielded 906 related articles, of which 118 articles were included. The risk of FNP was statistically significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than the pre-pandemic period (RR: 1.68, [95% CI: 1.16-2.43], P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.01). A nonsignificant increase in FNP risk was identified among COVID-19 vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated individuals (overall OR: 1.07, [95% CI: 0.85-1.35], P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.55).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: A remarkable increase in FNP rates was identified during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic, which seemed unlikely to be attributed to COVID-19 vaccination.}, }
@article {pmid39915751, year = {2025}, author = {Leighton, C and Joseph-Williams, N and Porter, A and Edwards, A and Cooper, A}, title = {A theory-based analysis of the implementation of online asynchronous telemedicine platforms into primary care practices using Normalisation Process Theory.}, journal = {BMC primary care}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {27}, pmid = {39915751}, issn = {2731-4553}, mesh = {Humans ; *Primary Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; *Telemedicine/organization &amp; administration ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Online asynchronous telemedicine platforms are effective and have been implemented in primary care practices, but it is unclear whether implementation was successful. Implementation has not been studied on a large scale in primary care practice. Normalisation Process Theory is a sociological theory used to understand how complex practices can be embedded into routine practice. We aimed to identify and evaluate factors affecting, and make recommendations for, implementation of online asynchronous telemedicine platforms in primary care practice using Normalisation Process Theory.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was carried out across four databases. Studies included were empirical research, published between January 2015 and November 2022, of qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods designs, focusing on implementation of online asynchronous telemedicine platforms designed for two-way secure communication between patients and healthcare professionals to give or receive medical advice in primary care. Data extraction was guided by the domains of Normalisation Process Theory: context, mechanisms, outcomes.<br><br>RESULTS: 25 reports from 21 primary studies were obtained. COVID-19 changed the context in which asynchronous platforms were implemented into primary care, due to restrictions on face-to-face contact. Coherence is supported by online platforms providing benefits for patients. Healthcare staff felt confident using platforms and better teamworking added to cognitive participation, however patient 'misuse' of platforms hindered this. Collective action was negatively affected by poor usability and integration of platforms into practice systems. Reflexive action through large- and small-scale studies had allowed improvements to be made, but poor response rates inhibit this. Outcomes include changed roles and responsibilities for staff and patients and high patient satisfaction. There are concerns regarding confidentiality and health inequities.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Increased workload, lack of integration into existing systems and poor usability affect implementation. Widespread implementation of online platforms in primary care practices can be supported by policy-makers through consistent guidelines to improve platforms' content, functionality and compatibility with clinical systems to try to enable improvements in practice. Further research should explore patient groups or needs for which online platforms are most suitable, reasons why online platforms work better for different patients and how different patient groups can be supported to benefit from asynchronous telemedicine.}, }
@article {pmid39914258, year = {2025}, author = {Doua, J and Ndembi, N and Auerbach, J and Kaseya, J and Zumla, A}, title = {Advancing local manufacturing capacities for vaccines within Africa - Opportunities, priorities and challenges.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {50}, number = {}, pages = {126829}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126829}, pmid = {39914258}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {Humans ; Africa/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/supply &amp; distribution ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Vaccines/supply &amp; distribution ; *Vaccine Development ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; }, abstract = {Our viewpoint focuses on the paradox that Africa represents 25 % of total global vaccine usage, yet 99 % of these vaccines are manufactured overseas. In view of the iniquitous supply and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines to Africa during the pandemic, we emphasize the need for scaling up local vaccine manufacturing capacities across Africa. We review current vaccine manufacturing capacities within Africa, highlight priority vaccines needs, and describe opportunities and challenges of advancing local manufacturing capacities within Africa. Of 11 manufacturers in Africa, ten have operational formulation/fill/finish capacities. However, capacities to produce active vaccine components locally are very limited and leveraging of vaccine technology platforms such as live-attenuated virus, inactivated virus, and mRNA remain scanty. South Africa and Senegal are the only countries with end-to-end manufacturing capacities. Based on market demand, manufacturing complexity, target population, disease burden and vaccination regimen, the top 5 priority vaccines identified for local manufacturing in Africa were measles-rubella, yellow fever, cholera, rotavirus, and meningococcal vaccines. Enablers identified for Africa's vaccine manufacturing initiatives include: a preferential procurement of African-made vaccines for sustainable and reliable volumes through GAVI and UNICEF; deal preparation to target investments avoiding overproduction; technology transfers; regulatory systems strengthening; R&amp;D capacities and infrastructure. Thus, African vaccine manufacturers and all stakeholders should focus taking forward the portfolio of activities required for continental vaccine manufacturing, including regulatory strengthening capacities, training and workforce development, rather than only focus on efforts that benefit a particular manufacturer or country. Optimism for advancing vaccine manufacturing in Africa comes from the announcement in December 2023 by GAVI for the establishment of the African Vaccine Manufacturing Accelerator, a financing mechanism of USD 1 billion aimed at creating a sustainable vaccine manufacturing industry in Africa. However, many challenges need to be overcome including that of having secure funding for sustaining what is developed.}, }
@article {pmid39913399, year = {2025}, author = {Elisabetta, C and Paola, R and Acquadro Maran, D and Filippetti, S and Marco, P and Pellegrino, E and Ferrante, M and Giuseppe, T and Fiore, M}, title = {Remote workers' life quality and stress during COVID-19: a systematic review.}, journal = {European journal of public health}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {141-152}, pmid = {39913399}, issn = {1464-360X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Quality of Life/psychology ; *Stress, Psychological/epidemiology/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Isolation/psychology ; *Occupational Stress/psychology ; Pandemics ; *Teleworking ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 pandemic led to the adoption of a different working approach: "The remote working." Evidence about the association of remote working with stress outcomes and life quality is lacking. This systematic review provides an overview of the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on remote-workers' stress and life quality. We conducted systematic literature searches in databases including Pubmed, Scopus and Web of science, from September 2020 to September 2023. Screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The review highlighted possible predictors (work-family conflict or a condition of social isolation) associated with improvement or worsening of quality of life and stress. The results highlighted the association between stress and family difficulties (β: -0.02, P-value <0.05), isolation during the first (β: -0.22, P-value <0.05) and second pandemic waves (β: -0.40, P-value <0.05) or due to the advancing age of workers (β:0.19, P-value <0.05) and (β: -0.05, P-value <0.05), furthermore some job categories presented greater stress such as teachers (16.94 ± 5.46). Conversely, remote working positively affected life quality, enhancing factors such as creativity (Average Variance Extracted, AVE: 0.41, R2: 0.17) and self-efficacy (AVE: 0.60, R2: 0.36). Future research should focus more on the relationship between work and family and on interventions that counteract social isolation.}, }
@article {pmid39912405, year = {2025}, author = {Atatreh, N and Mahgoub, RE and Ghattas, MA}, title = {Exploring covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: from peptidomimetics to novel scaffolds.}, journal = {Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {2460045}, pmid = {39912405}, issn = {1475-6374}, mesh = {*Peptidomimetics/chemistry/pharmacology ; *SARS-CoV-2/enzymology/drug effects ; Humans ; *Coronavirus 3C Proteases/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; *Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {Peptidomimetic inhibitors mimic natural peptide substrates, employing electrophilic warheads to covalently interact with the catalytic Cys145 of M[pro]. Examples include aldehydes, α-ketoamides, and aza-peptides, with discussions on their mechanisms of action, potency, and structural insights. Non-peptidomimetic inhibitors utilise diverse scaffolds and mechanisms, achieving covalent modification of M[pro].}, }
@article {pmid39912051, year = {2025}, author = {Raval, C and Rheingold, SZ and Gordon, AM and Hardigan, P}, title = {Zinc Deficiency Associated With an Increase in Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e77011}, pmid = {39912051}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The exact role of zinc in COVID-19-infected patients is not well understood. We examined the effects and outcomes of zinc deficiency on COVID-19-infected patients. We focused on patient outcomes: severity, symptomatology, and mortality. The meta-analysis was performed to examine whether COVID-19-infected individuals suffered greater symptomology and mortality. Secondary outcomes explored included severity and hospital length of stay. For mortality, we found that COVID-19-infected individuals with zinc deficiency had a greater risk of mortality than individuals without zinc deficiency (risk ratio (RR)=5.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.48, 9.54; p=0.004). For symptomology, we found that COVID-19-infected individuals with zinc deficiency had a greater risk of symptomatology than individuals without a zinc deficiency (RR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.70; p=0.020). Zinc-deficient individuals are at a greater risk for mortality and symptomatology. Our findings further reinforce the importance of supplementation as a prophylactic agent against viral infections such as COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39911705, year = {2024}, author = {Lin, JY and Lai, JK and Chen, JY and Cai, JY and Yang, ZD and Yang, LQ and Zheng, ZT and Guo, XG}, title = {Global insights into MRSA bacteremia: a bibliometric analysis and future outlook.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1516584}, pmid = {39911705}, issn = {1664-302X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections (BSIs) pose a significant challenge to global public health, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Despite extensive research, the rapid development of MRSA antibiotic resistance has outpaced current treatment methods, increasing the difficulty of treatment. Therefore, reviewing research on MRSA BSIs is crucial.<br><br>METHODS: This study conducted a bibliometric analysis, retrieving and analyzing 1,621 publications related to MRSA BSIs from 2006 to 2024. The literature was sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), and data visualization and trend analysis were performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix software packages.<br><br>RESULTS: The bibliometric analysis showed that research on MRSA BSIs was primarily concentrated in the United States, China, and Japan. The United States leads in research output and influence, with significant contributions from institutions such as the University of California system and the University of Texas system. The journal with the most publications is Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, while the most cited global publication is Vincent JL's article "Sepsis in European Intensive Care Units: Results of the SOAP Study" published in Critical Care Medicine in 2006. Cosgrove SE's article "Comparison of Mortality Associated with Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Meta-analysis" had the most co-citations. Key trends in the research include MRSA's antibiotic resistance mechanisms, the application of new diagnostic technologies, and the impact of COVID-19 on MRSA studies. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are increasingly applied in MRSA diagnosis and treatment, and phage therapy and vaccine development have become future research hotspots.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus BSIs remain a major global public health challenge, especially with the increasing severity of antibiotic resistance. Although progress has been made in new treatments and diagnostic technologies, further validation is required. Future research will rely on integrating genomics, AI, and machine learning to drive personalized treatment. Strengthening global cooperation, particularly in resource-limited countries, will be key to effectively addressing MRSA BSIs.}, }
@article {pmid39911259, year = {2025}, author = {Izadiyan, Z and Misran, M and Kalantari, K and Webster, TJ and Kia, P and Basrowi, NA and Rasouli, E and Shameli, K}, title = {Advancements in Liposomal Nanomedicines: Innovative Formulations, Therapeutic Applications, and Future Directions in Precision Medicine.}, journal = {International journal of nanomedicine}, volume = {20}, number = {}, pages = {1213-1262}, pmid = {39911259}, issn = {1178-2013}, mesh = {*Liposomes/chemistry ; Humans ; *Precision Medicine/methods/trends ; *Nanomedicine/methods/trends ; COVID-19 ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Immunotherapy/methods ; }, abstract = {Liposomal nanomedicines have emerged as a pivotal approach for the treatment of various diseases, notably cancer and infectious diseases. This manuscript provides an in-depth review of recent advancements in liposomal formulations, highlighting their composition, targeted delivery strategies, and mechanisms of action. We explore the evolution of liposomal products currently in clinical trials, emphasizing their potential in addressing diverse medical challenges. The integration of immunotherapeutic agents within liposomes marks a paradigm shift, enabling the design of 'immuno-modulatory hubs' capable of orchestrating precise immune responses while facilitating theranostic applications. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated research in liposomal-based vaccines and antiviral therapies, underscoring the need for improved delivery mechanisms to overcome challenges like rapid clearance and organ toxicity. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of "smart" liposomes, which can respond to specific disease microenvironments, enhancing treatment efficacy and precision. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimizing liposomal designs promises to revolutionize personalized medicine, paving the way for innovative strategies in disease detection and therapeutic interventions. This comprehensive review underscores the significance of ongoing research in liposomal technologies, with implications for future clinical applications and enhanced patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39910973, year = {2025}, author = {Kirsebom, FCM and Hall, V and Stowe, J}, title = {How do large-scale population studies inform vaccine evaluations in England?.}, journal = {Clinical and experimental immunology}, volume = {219}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39910973}, issn = {1365-2249}, mesh = {Humans ; England/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccination ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Registries ; Immunization Programs ; }, abstract = {Large-scale population studies are important to monitor and evaluate aspects of a vaccination programme including vaccine coverage, real-world effectiveness, and post-licensure vaccine safety. These types of epidemiological studies often come under the remit of public health agencies, such as the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) in England, which are required to undertake surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases, including via seroepidemiological studies and data linkage studies using national-level electronic healthcare data. An individual-level national vaccine register with an accurate denominator can be the key to gaining insights into vaccine coverage, effectiveness, and safety. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, England's first vaccine register was developed. This enabled timely estimates of real-world vaccine effectiveness in the whole population of England, as well as enabling epidemiological investigations of rare potential risks from vaccines in specific populations. Population-based research studies, including prospective cohort studies, are complementary to surveillance and combined, enable more comprehensive assessments. As there was an unprecedented investment into research studies and infrastructure during the pandemic, the scale of these studies meant they were able to contribute to vaccine programme evaluations in a way that had not been possible for previous vaccine programmes. In this review, we summarise the different large-scale surveillance and research studies that have been used to evaluate and inform vaccine policy from the time of the first data linkage studies undertaken in England in the 1990s to the present-day post-COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39910970, year = {2025}, author = {Tudorache Pantazi, MA and Gadea-Doménech, M and Espert Tortajada, R}, title = {[Cognition and Long COVID: A PRISMA Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies].}, journal = {Revista de neurologia}, volume = {79}, number = {12}, pages = {37385}, pmid = {39910970}, issn = {1576-6578}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology ; Longitudinal Studies ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Time Factors ; *Cognition ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Long COVID is defined by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) as the set of signs and symptoms that develop during or after a SARS-CoV-2 infection and continue for more than twelve weeks without any alternative diagnosis. One of the most frequent persistent symptoms reported by patients and verified in neuroimaging studies is cognitive dysfunction, due to a generalized hypoconnectivity and a diffuse axonal lesion in white matter. Therefore, the objectives of the present review are to determine how long cognitive functions remain affected during Long COVID and to explore which cognitive functions are most affected beyond three months of follow-up in patients up to 65 years of age without previous neuropsychological or psychiatric complications.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was performed using PRISMA criteria and 11 articles were included through a comprehensive search of five different databases: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, WOS and ProQuest. The risk of bias of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.<br><br>RESULTS: Cognitive problems in Long COVID persist over time and improve slowly, although studies seem to agree that most areas improved significantly after one year. The cognitive functions that remained impaired the longest were processing speed and attention.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These cognitive alterations cause a reduction in the quality of life of the patients and a reduction in work capacity and manifest the need for a cognitive intervention.}, }
@article {pmid39909769, year = {2025}, author = {Mataix, RP and Morillo, JSG and Martín, JMS}, title = {Hepatic phenomena associated with SARS-CoV-2: Acute liver injury, autoimmune hepatitis and post-vaccination.}, journal = {Medicina clinica}, volume = {164}, number = {9}, pages = {491-498}, doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2024.12.006}, pmid = {39909769}, issn = {1578-8989}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hepatitis, Autoimmune/etiology ; *COVID-19/complications/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; }, abstract = {The infection with SARS-CoV-2, primarily recognized for its respiratory effects, reveals itself as a multifaceted clinical phenomenon, extending beyond the pulmonary realm. Accompanied by gastrointestinal, neurological, thromboembolic, cardiovascular, and immune-related manifestations, the complexity of the systemic repercussions of the disease becomes apparent. Genetic predisposition is a significant factor in the development of autoimmune hepatitis, as both viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, and drugs, including vaccines, can act as triggers in genetically susceptible individuals. A profound understanding of these mechanisms is essential to effectively address the clinical complexity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid39909504, year = {2025}, author = {Dietrich, J and Kang, A and Tielemans, B and Verleden, SE and Khalil, H and Länger, F and Bruners, P and Mentzer, SJ and Welte, T and Dreher, M and Jonigk, DD and Ackermann, M}, title = {The role of vascularity and the fibrovascular interface in interstitial lung diseases.}, journal = {European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society}, volume = {34}, number = {175}, pages = {}, pmid = {39909504}, issn = {1600-0617}, support = {F32 HL134229/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL094567/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Lung Diseases, Interstitial/physiopathology/therapy/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; *Lung/blood supply/pathology ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic ; *Vascular Remodeling ; }, abstract = {Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a clinical term that refers to a diverse group of non-neoplastic lung diseases. This group includes idiopathic and secondary pulmonary entities that are often associated with progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Currently, therapeutic approaches based on specific structural targeting of pulmonary fibrosis are limited to nintedanib and pirfenidone, which can only slow down disease progression leading to a lower mortality rate. Lung transplantation is currently the only available curative treatment, but it is associated with high perioperative mortality. The pulmonary vasculature plays a central role in physiological lung function, and vascular remodelling is considered a hallmark of the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Different patterns of pulmonary fibrosis commonly exhibit detectable pathological features such as morphomolecular changes, including intussusceptive and sprouting angiogenesis, vascular morphometry, broncho-systemic anastomoses, and aberrant angiogenesis-related gene expression patterns. Dynamic cellular interactions within the fibrovascular interface, such as endothelial activation and endothelial-mesenchymal transition, are also observed. This review aims to summarise the current clinical, radiological and pathological diagnostic algorithm for different ILDs, including usual interstitial pneumonia/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, non-specific interstitial pneumonia, alveolar fibroelastosis/pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, systemic sclerosis-related ILD and coronavirus disease 2019 injury. It emphasises an interdisciplinary clinicopathological perspective. Additionally, the review covers current therapeutic strategies and knowledge about associated vascular abnormalities.}, }
@article {pmid39909458, year = {2025}, author = {Chang, Y and Wu, X and Deng, L and Wang, S and Mao, G}, title = {[Mechanism and significance of cell senescence induced by viral infection].}, journal = {Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences}, volume = {54}, number = {1}, pages = {70-80}, pmid = {39909458}, issn = {1008-9292}, mesh = {Humans ; *Cellular Senescence/physiology ; *Virus Diseases/physiopathology ; Signal Transduction ; Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; Virus Replication ; COVID-19 ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Virus-induced senescence (VIS) is a significant biological phenomenon, which is associated with declining immune function, accelerating aging process and causing aging-related diseases. A variety of common viruses, including RNA viruses (such as SARS-CoV-2), DNA viruses (such as herpesviruses and hepatitis B virus), and prions can cause VIS in host cells. The primary mechanisms include abnormal activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, DNA damage response, and potential correlations with the integrated stress response due to intracellular phase separation. Viral infection and cellular senescence influence each other: cellular senescence serves as a defense to restrict viral replication and transmission, while some viruses exploit cellular senescence to enhance their infectivity and replication. Understanding the mechanisms of VIS is conducive to the development of therapeutic strategies for viral infections and promotion of healthy aging. However, there is lack of research on therapeutic targets and drug development in this field so far. Although senolytics may be effective for anti-senescent cells therapy, their efficacy for VIS needs evidence from further clinical trials. This article reviews the research progress on the connection between viral infection and cellular senescence, to provide insights for the prevention and treatment of aging related diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39909170, year = {2025}, author = {Low, ZXB and Yong, SJ and Alrasheed, HA and Al-Subaie, MF and Al Kaabi, NA and Alfaresi, M and Albayat, H and Alotaibi, J and Al Bshabshe, A and Alwashmi, ASS and Sabour, AA and Alshiekheid, MA and Almansour, ZH and Alharthi, H and Al Ali, HA and Almoumen, AA and Alqasimi, NA and AlSaihati, H and Rodriguez-Morales, AJ and Rabaan, AA}, title = {Serotonergic psychedelics as potential therapeutics for post-COVID-19 syndrome (or Long COVID): A comprehensive review.}, journal = {Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology &amp; biological psychiatry}, volume = {137}, number = {}, pages = {111279}, doi = {10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111279}, pmid = {39909170}, issn = {1878-4216}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Hallucinogens/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Animals ; Serotonin ; }, abstract = {RATIONALE: In our ongoing battle against the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a major challenge is the enduring symptoms that continue after acute infection. Also known as Long COVID, post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) often comes with debilitating symptoms like fatigue, disordered sleep, olfactory dysfunction, and cognitive issues ("brain fog"). Currently, there are no approved treatments for PCS. Recent research has uncovered that the severity of PCS is inversely linked to circulating serotonin levels, highlighting the potential of serotonin-modulating therapeutics for PCS. Therefore, we propose that serotonergic psychedelics, acting mainly via the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor, hold promise for treating PCS.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: Our review aims to elucidate potential mechanisms by which serotonergic psychedelics may alleviate the symptoms of PCS.<br><br>RESULTS: Potential mechanisms through which serotonergic psychedelics may alleviate PCS symptoms are discussed, with emphasis on their effects on inflammation, neuroplasticity, and gastrointestinal function. Additionally, this review explores the potential of serotonergic psychedelics in mitigating endothelial dysfunction, a pivotal aspect of PCS pathophysiology implicated in organ dysfunction. This review also examines the potential role of serotonergic psychedelics in alleviating specific PCS symptoms, which include olfactory dysfunction, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, and mental health challenges.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Emerging evidence suggests that serotonergic psychedelics may alleviate PCS symptoms. However, further high-quality research is needed to thoroughly assess their safety and efficacy in treating patients with PCS.}, }
@article {pmid39907512, year = {2025}, author = {Liu, J and Wu, Y and Gao, GF}, title = {A Structural Voyage Toward the Landscape of Humoral and Cellular Immune Escapes of SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Immunological reviews}, volume = {330}, number = {1}, pages = {e70000}, doi = {10.1111/imr.70000}, pmid = {39907512}, issn = {1600-065X}, support = {M23009//Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality/ ; 92269203//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022YFC2604100//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *Immune Evasion ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunity, Cellular ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Animals ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/chemistry/genetics ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; }, abstract = {The genome-based surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the past nearly 5 years since its emergence has refreshed our understanding of virus evolution, especially on convergent co-evolution with the host. SARS-CoV-2 evolution has been characterized by the emergence of sets of mutations that affect the functional properties of the virus by altering its infectivity, virulence, transmissibility, and interactions with host immunity. This poses a huge challenge to global prevention and control measures based on drug treatment and vaccine application. As one of the key evasion strategies in response to the immune profile of the human population, there are overwhelming amounts of evidence for the reduced antibody neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, data also suggest that the levels of CD4[+] and CD8[+] T-cell responses against variants or sub-variants decrease in the populations, although non-negligible cross-T-cell responses are maintained. Herein, from the perspectives of structural immunology, we outline the characteristics and mechanisms of the T cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV and its variants/sub-variants. The molecular bases for the impact of the immune escaping variants on the interaction of the epitopes with the key receptors in adaptive immunity, that is, major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T-cell receptor (TCR), and antibody are summarized and discussed, the knowledge of which will widen our understanding of this pandemic-threatening virus and assist the preparedness for Pathogen X in the future.}, }
@article {pmid39907423, year = {2025}, author = {Araújo, FC and Amaral, ACD and Silva, HJ and Santos, JNV and Mendonça, VA and Oliveira, VC and Rocha-Vieira, E}, title = {Autoantibodies as potential prognostic factors for clinical outcomes related to COVID-19: a systematic review of inception prospective cohort studies with GRADE recommendations.}, journal = {Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas}, volume = {58}, number = {}, pages = {e13965}, pmid = {39907423}, issn = {1414-431X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/mortality/blood ; *Autoantibodies/blood/immunology ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Risk Factors ; Respiration, Artificial ; }, abstract = {This systematic review of inception prospective cohort studies aimed to investigate whether autoantibodies are potential prognostic factors for short- and long-term clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, GLOBAL HEALTH, and COCHRANE databases from 2019 to 2022. When possible, meta-analysis was conducted, otherwise findings from individual studies were reported using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Quality of evidence was summarized using the GRADE criteria. We identified 2292 references, 18 inception prospective cohort studies (3178 patients) were included in the systematic review, and 12 studies reached criteria for meta-analysis. Studies achieved, in general, low to moderate risk of bias. Moderate quality of evidence showed that anti-interferon (IFN) was associated with increased risk of severity (OR=7.75; CI=1.79-33.61) and mechanical ventilation (OR=4.19; CI=2.06-8.53), but not with COVID-19 mortality (OR=1.68; CI=0.63-4.44). Antiphospholipids were not associated with COVID-19 mortality (OR=1.42; CI=0.85-2.37; P=0.18; I2=3.21) nor with thrombosis risk (OR=1.41; CI: 0.71-2.8; P=0.33). Antinuclear antibody level was not associated with risk of mortality or severity (risk for mortality: OR=3.8; CI=0.78-18.6; P=0.1; I2: 32.3; severity: OR=1.74; CI=0.96-3.16; P=0.07). Evidence currently available is insufficient for a quantitative analysis of autoantibodies association with long COVID-19. Anti-IFN measurement should be considered in COVID-19 follow-up. In a population-based rational, optimized vaccination strategies should be considered for individuals with anti-IFN antibodies since it could represent a risk for a worse prognosis. High-quality prospective studies for short- and long-term disease effects and autoantibody evaluation are still needed.}, }
@article {pmid39907353, year = {2025}, author = {Prediger, KM and Ribeiro, AC and Uehara, SCDSA}, title = {Prevalent symptoms and characteristics of the Long COVID-19 population: a scoping review.}, journal = {Revista latino-americana de enfermagem}, volume = {33}, number = {}, pages = {e4479}, pmid = {39907353}, issn = {1518-8345}, mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Male ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Dyspnea/epidemiology ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sex Factors ; }, abstract = {UNLABELLED: to map the scientific literature on the clinical and demographic characteristics of Long COVID-19. this is a scoping review based on the principles recommended by the JBI and the PRISMA guidelines for data extraction, carried out on four databases. The PCC strategy was used for data collection, and the results were described and diagrammed. The studies were selected after removing duplicates, individual and peer review. an analysis of the 13 articles selected showed that Long COVID affects all age groups and people of both sexes, presenting a multiplicity of symptoms, such as fatigue (61.5%), dyspnea (46.1%), changes in smell and/or taste (38.6%), anxiety (15.3%) and cognitive impairment (30.7%). Females were found to be at increased risk of developing Long COVID. identifying the symptoms prevalent in Long COVID contributes to public health strategies for diagnosing and assisting people affected by the disease. Future studies are recommended on the approach to the persistence of symptoms in Long COVID and the relationship between adherence to the vaccination schedule against COVID-19, gender, race/ethnicity, degree of susceptibility in the different age groups, level of education and income, as well as the most recurrent comorbidities in the population.<br><br>BACKGROUND: (1) It was found that Long COVID affects all age groups of both sexes. (2) Most common symptoms: fatigue, dyspnea and altered sense of smell and/or taste. (3) Risk factors: female gender, COVID-19 severity and comorbidities.}, }
@article {pmid39907253, year = {2025}, author = {Bech, M and Jakobsen, KK and Andersen, ISB and Pedersen, CK and Grønlund, MW and von Buchwald, C}, title = {Which is superior, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test or the threshold, Discrimination and Identification Test for testing human olfaction? A systematic review.}, journal = {Acta oto-laryngologica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-4}, doi = {10.1080/00016489.2025.2458170}, pmid = {39907253}, issn = {1651-2251}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The awareness and prevalence of olfactory dysfunction (OD) has increased significantly in recent years, with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic being a major catalyzer. Consequently, demands for reliable OD tests have also risen.<br><br>AIMS: This systematic review compares two commonly used tests for olfactory assessment: the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and the Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification test (TDI). The correlation between UPSIT, TDI, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for olfaction is also examined.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE identified articles validating UPSIT or TDI and comparing these to self-reported OD via VAS. The outcome of interest was test-retest validity and correlation.<br><br>RESULTS: The search identified 1536 studies, with nine meeting inclusion criteria. UPSIT showed a 'very strong' test-retest correlation, while TDI showed a 'strong' correlation. One study addressed VAS in relation to UPSIT and five for TDI. Correlation coefficients varied between VAS and TDI/UPSIT.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANS: UPSIT and TDI exhibited strong to very strong test-retest reliability. Due to the limited number of studies, a meta-analysis was not feasible, and neither test was found to be superior in reliability. VAS did not correlate significantly with either TDI or UPSIT.}, }
@article {pmid39906686, year = {2024}, author = {McGorry, P and Gunasiri, H and Mei, C and Rice, S and Gao, CX}, title = {The youth mental health crisis: analysis and solutions.}, journal = {Frontiers in psychiatry}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1517533}, pmid = {39906686}, issn = {1664-0640}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the mid-20th century, mental illness has become a leading cause of health burden, particularly among adolescents and emerging adults, with most disorders emerging before the age of 25. Over the past two decades, mental ill health has surged to alarming levels, with evidence confirming that the increase is not just due to better awareness or diagnosis but reflects a genuine public health crisis.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN/METHOD: We explore the evolving landscape of youth mental health and its contributing factors, including family dynamics, educational pressures, climate change, social media, and socio-economic challenges, potentially linked to neoliberal policies. A narrative review methodology was employed to analyze these factors and their role in the trends of mental ill-health among young people.<br><br>STUDY RESULTS: We document mental health trends since the mid-1990s, focusing on mental and substance use disorders among young people and their current needs. Potential new explanatory factors and megatrends, potentially flowing from a paradigm shift in the global political economy which has largely passed under the radar, yet which has produced fragmentation and inequality, are identified, with the COVID-19 pandemic further intensifying these trends. We discuss methodologies to estimate the contribution of these megatrends and outline potential barriers to implementation, along with strategies to overcome them.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review calls for a comprehensive global action plan, emphasizing prevention, early intervention, and improved treatment strategies. In addition to strengthening prevention, which may take time and be elusive, immediate action is needed to innovate and expand services, which are currently under-resourced and overwhelmed.}, }
@article {pmid39906078, year = {2025}, author = {Keykha, A and Imanipour, M and Shahrokhi, J and Amiri, M}, title = {The Advantages and Challenges of Electronic Exams: A Qualitative Research based on Shannon Entropy Technique.}, journal = {Journal of advances in medical education &amp; professionalism}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {1-11}, pmid = {39906078}, issn = {2322-2220}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The electronic exam is one of the foremost imperative instruments for evaluating students' execution. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the advantages and challenges of electronic exams based on Iranian and international studies.<br><br>METHODS: The present qualitative study used meta-synthesis in the first phase. Thus, keywords such as electronic exams, online exams, electronic assessment, and online assessment in Iranian and international databases for 2005-2021 were searched. In the second phase, using the Shannon entropy technique, the advantages and challenges of electronic exams were weighted.<br><br>RESULTS: Challenges of e-exams were classified into seven sub-categories (poor technical knowledge, security challenges, complexity and challenges in designing examination, complexity and challenges during examination, complexity and challenges after examination, lack of infrastructure, socio-cultural challenges). The advantages of e-exams were also classified into five sub-categories, including improvement of teaching and learning process, effectiveness of student performance assessment, advantages in designing exams, advantages during examinations, and advantages after examinations. In Shannon's entropy findings, challenges (complexity and challenges after examination and poor infrastructure) and advantages (advantage after exams implementation) had the largest weight.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Considering the importance of electronic exams, especially with the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the inevitable movement of university systems, increasing concerns about student performance assessment, and improving educational performance in the current situation, decision-makers are expected to emphasize the advantages of this kind of exam and address its challenges to help improve the student assessment mechanisms.}, }
@article {pmid39905998, year = {2025}, author = {de Oliveira Silva Pinto, M and de Paula Pereira, L and de Mendonça Angelo, ALP and Xavier, MAP and de Magalhães Vieira Machado, A and Russo, RC}, title = {Dissecting the COVID-19 Immune Response: Unraveling the Pathways of Innate Sensing and Response to SARS-CoV-2 Structural Proteins.}, journal = {Journal of molecular recognition : JMR}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {e70002}, doi = {10.1002/jmr.70002}, pmid = {39905998}, issn = {1099-1352}, support = {ResearchProductivityGrant313839/2023-9//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico (CNPq)/ ; UniversalAPQ-02571-21//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo a Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)/ ; RED-00031-21//Rede Mineira de Pesquisa Translacional em Imunobiol&#xf3;gicos e Biof&#xe1;rmacos no C&#xe2;ncer-REMITRIBIC/ ; ProgramaCAPES-PrInt/UFMGedital05/2022//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior (CAPES)/ ; ProgramaEstrat&#xe9;gicoEmergencialdePreven&#xe7;&#xe3;oeCombateaSurtos,Endemias,EpidemiasePandemias(CAPES-EPIDEMIAS)Editaln&#xb0;09/2020//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior (CAPES)/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *Immunity, Innate ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Viral Structural Proteins/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; }, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the virus responsible for COVID-19, interacts with the host immune system through complex mechanisms that significantly influence disease outcomes, affecting both innate and adaptive immunity. These interactions are crucial in determining the disease's severity and the host's ability to clear the virus. Given the virus's substantial socioeconomic impact, high morbidity and mortality rates, and public health importance, understanding these mechanisms is essential. This article examines the diverse innate immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2's structural proteins, including the spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, along with nonstructural proteins (NSPs) and open reading frames. These proteins play pivotal roles in immune modulation, facilitating viral replication, evading immune detection, and contributing to severe inflammatory responses such as cytokine storms and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The virus employs strategies like suppressing type I interferon production and disrupting key antiviral pathways, including MAVS, OAS-RNase-L, and PKR. This study also explores the immune pathways that govern the activation and suppression of immune responses throughout COVID-19. By analyzing immune sensing receptors and the responses initiated upon recognizing SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins, this review elucidates the complex pathways associated with the innate immune response in COVID-19. Understanding these mechanisms offers valuable insights for therapeutic interventions and informs public health strategies, contributing to a deeper understanding of COVID-19 immunopathogenesis.}, }
@article {pmid39905982, year = {2025}, author = {Borger, JG and Longley, RJ and Taylor, MF and Motrich, R and Payne, JA and Kemp, RA}, title = {Global perspectives to enhance strategies for advancing women in healthcare and STEMM leadership.}, journal = {Immunology and cell biology}, volume = {103}, number = {3}, pages = {234-250}, pmid = {39905982}, issn = {1440-1711}, mesh = {Humans ; *Leadership ; Female ; *Gender Equity ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Sexism ; *Delivery of Health Care ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Socioeconomic Factors ; *Biomedical Research ; }, abstract = {The discourse surrounding gender equity has intensified recently, amplified by the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the critical underrepresentation of women in leadership roles across various sectors including the media and healthcare. In medical research, this disparity is particularly pronounced, with women often excluded from senior positions despite their substantial presence in the workforce. This review seeks to explore the multifaceted issue of gender inequity in medical research leadership, examining the systemic barriers that women face, the socioeconomic factors that compound these challenges and the global variations in leadership representation of women. Diverse leadership teams are essential for fostering medical innovation, improving patient outcomes and ensuring that clinical trials and medical research are effective, inclusive and representative. The underrepresentation of women in leadership roles is not merely a matter of gender bias; it is intricately linked to socioeconomic factors that hinder their advancement. Women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds face additional obstacles, such as limited access to education and professional networks, which further exacerbate their underrepresentation in leadership positions. Moreover, cultural and societal norms play a significant role in shaping the career trajectories of women. As a group of immunologists, including representatives of the International Union of Immunological Sciences (IUIS) Gender Equity Committee, we review the causes of these inequities. We examine the impact of gender-diverse leadership on pre-clinical and medical research, emphasizing the need for inclusive leadership to drive progress in medical research and resulting healthcare. Finally, the review proposes strategies for improving gender equity in medical research leadership, including policy changes, organizational initiatives and societal shifts. By addressing these critical issues, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts to promote gender equity in medical research, ultimately enhancing the quality and inclusiveness of scientific inquiry and its impact on healthcare delivery.}, }
@article {pmid39905526, year = {2025}, author = {Carreño-Hernández, FL and Prieto, S and Abondando, D and Gaitán, JA and Cárdenas-Bolívar, YR and Beltrán, A and Alvarado-Sánchez, JI and Nates, JL}, title = {Noninvasive oxygenation and ventilation strategies for viral acute respiratory failure: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Systematic reviews}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {33}, pmid = {39905526}, issn = {2046-4053}, mesh = {Humans ; *Noninvasive Ventilation/methods ; *COVID-19/complications/therapy ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy/virology ; *Respiration, Artificial/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Length of Stay ; *Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy/virology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a critical shortage of respiratory ventilators, highlighting the urgent need to explore alternative treatment options for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by respiratory viruses, as an alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in future pandemics.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of alternative noninvasive oxygenation and ventilation strategies in comparison to invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in patients with virus-induced acute respiratory failure (ARF). The primary outcome was the all-cause ICU mortality rate.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the Cochrane guidelines and PRISMA reporting guidelines. The search encompassed databases such as Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase to identify relevant indexed literature. Additionally, gray literature was included by consulting regulatory agencies. The included studies compared various oxygenation and ventilatory alternatives, such as high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) with IMV. An exploratory meta-analysis was performed by calculating the risk ratio (RR) by random effects and meta-regression to explore possible sources of heterogeneity and to compare ventilatory alternatives against IMV to reduce mortality, length of stay (LOS) days in ICU, nosocomial infection, and barotrauma.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of forty-seven studies were included in this systematic review. NIMV had an RR of 0.70 (0.58-0.85), HFNC had an RR of 0.54 (0.42-0.71), and CPAP had an RR of 0.80 (0.71-0.90), with meta-regression models that reduced heterogeneity to 0%. For LOS days in ICU, NIMV had 0.38 (-&#x2009;0.69:&#x2009;-&#x2009;0.08) lower days and HFNC 0.29 (-&#x2009;0.64: 0.06) lower days with meta-regression models that reduction heterogeneity to 0% for HFNC and 50% for NIMV. Not enough studies reported nosocomial infection or barotrauma to evaluate them in a meta-analysis. The overall quality of evidence, as assessed by GRADE evaluation, was determined to be from very low to medium certainty depending on the ventilatory strategy and outcome.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this systematic review support the use of alternative noninvasive oxygenation and ventilation strategies as viable alternatives to conventional respiratory ventilation for managing viral-induced ARF. Although it is essential to interpret these findings with caution given the overall low to medium certainty of the evidence, the integration of these modalities as part of the management strategies of these patients could help reduce the utilization of ICU beds, invasive ventilators, and costs in both developed and developing countries.}, }
@article {pmid39905432, year = {2025}, author = {Pagels, L and Schindler, O and Luedtke, K}, title = {Overview of styles, content, learning effects and attitudes of students towards digitally enhanced physiotherapy education - a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC medical education}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {176}, pmid = {39905432}, issn = {1472-6920}, mesh = {Humans ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; *COVID-19 ; *Education, Distance ; Learning ; Pandemics ; Physical Therapy Modalities/education ; Physical Therapy Specialty/education ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Students, Health Occupations/psychology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Digital competences are essential for lifelong learning, as highlighted by the European Commission and emphasized in the Digital Education Action Plan 2021-2027. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated an unprecedented shift to online education, profoundly impacting fields like physiotherapy that heavily rely on practical skills. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of currently applied digitally enhanced learning methods, content, effect on knowledge gain and student perceptions in physiotherapy education.<br><br>METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews, a comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including Medline, Web of Science, and ERIC, incorporating hand searches and expert consultations. Studies were included if they reported on any digitally enhanced educational methods in physiotherapy education, involving qualitative studies, clinical trials, observational studies, or case reports published in English or German from 2010 to February 2024. Data extraction focused on the digital tools that were used, the educational contents, individually measured outcomes, and the impact of digital education.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 2988 screened studies, 67 met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 7160 participants. These sources of evidence primarily used quantitative methods (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;51), with a minority using qualitative (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;7) or mixed methods (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;6). Nearly half employed hybrid educational approaches. Outcome measures included knowledge, performance, perception, satisfaction, and attitudes. Most sources of evidence reported positive impacts of digitally enhanced education, particularly in knowledge transfer and skill performance. Synchronous and asynchronous methods were used, with varying success across theoretical and practical courses. Gamification and virtual reality emerged as promising tools for enhancing engagement and learning outcomes. However, challenges included the limited direct interaction and perceived self-efficacy among students.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Digitally enhanced learning formats in physiotherapy education can enhance learning experiences and is generally welcomed by students, especially when blended with traditional methods. The integration of innovative digital strategies holds promise for the future of physiotherapy training, contingent on comprehensive support and training for educators and students alike.}, }
@article {pmid39903857, year = {2025}, author = {Joung, Y and Park, S and Joo, SW and Choo, J}, title = {Recent Trends in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based In Vitro Diagnostics for Translational Biomedical Research.}, journal = {Annual review of analytical chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-anchem-070524-093950}, pmid = {39903857}, issn = {1936-1335}, abstract = {Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has gained prominence in in vitro diagnostics due to its high sensitivity and multiplex detection capabilities. This review highlights recent advances in translational biomedical research using SERS techniques, with a focus on the rapid and accurate diagnosis of intractable diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The review examines SERS-based assays for liquid biopsy biomarkers such as exosomes, circulating tumor cells, and circulating tumor DNAs that have emerged as promising tools in cancer diagnostics and are currently under active investigation in clinical research. Additionally, it explores SERS-based diagnostic techniques developed to overcome the limitations of existing COVID-19 diagnostic methods, including real-time polymerase chain reaction and lateral flow assay immunodiagnostics. Finally, the review addresses the challenges of translating SERS techniques from laboratory research to clinical practice.}, }
@article {pmid39902608, year = {2025}, author = {Tcheroyan, R and Makhoul, P and Simpson, S}, title = {An updated review of pulmonary radiological features of acute and chronic COVID-19.}, journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {183-195}, doi = {10.1097/MCP.0000000000001152}, pmid = {39902608}, issn = {1531-6971}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnostic imaging/complications ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; *Lung/diagnostic imaging ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Chronic Disease ; Acute Disease ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/diagnostic imaging ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the acute and chronic clinical and radiological manifestations of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19). This article provides an updated review on pulmonary COVID-19, while highlighting the key imaging features that can identify and distinguish acute COVID-19 pneumonia and its chronic sequelae from other diseases.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Acute COVID-19 pneumonia typically presents with manifestations of organizing pneumonia on computed tomography (CT). In cases of severe disease, patients clinically progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, which manifests as diffuse alveolar damage on CT. The most common chronic imaging finding is ground-glass opacities, which commonly resolves, as well as subpleural bands and reticulation. Pulmonary fibrosis is an overall rare complication of COVID-19, with characteristic features, including architectural distortion, and traction bronchiectasis.<br><br>SUMMARY: Chest CT can be a helpful adjunct tool in both diagnosing and managing acute COVID-19 pneumonia and its chronic sequelae. It can identify high-risk cases and guide decision-making, particularly in cases of severe or complicated disease. Follow-up imaging can detect persistent lung abnormalities associated with long COVID and guide appropriate management.}, }
@article {pmid39902344, year = {2024}, author = {Schwendinger, F and Infanger, D and Maurer, DJ and Radtke, T and Carrard, J and Kröpfl, JM and Emmenegger, A and Hanssen, H and Hauser, C and Schwehr, U and Hirsch, HH and Ivanisevic, J and Leuzinger, K and Martinez, AE and Maurer, M and Sigrist, T and Streese, L and von Känel, R and Hinrichs, T and Schmidt-Trucksäss, A}, title = {Medium- to long-term health condition of patients post-COVID-19, exercise intolerance and potential mechanisms: A narrative review and perspective.}, journal = {SAGE open medicine}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {20503121241296701}, pmid = {39902344}, issn = {2050-3121}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients recovering from COVID-19 often present with impaired health and persisting symptoms such as exercise intolerance ⩾3 months post-infection. Uncertainty remains about long-term recovery. We aimed to review studies examining cardiac function, macro- or microvascular function, blood biomarkers and physical activity in adult patients post-COVID-19 and highlight current knowledge gaps.<br><br>RESULTS: Using echocardiography, persistent cardiac involvement of the left ventricle was observed in a fraction of patients both hospitalized and non-hospitalized. Ventricular dysfunction was often subclinical but may partly contribute to exercise intolerance post-COVID-19. Endothelial dysfunction was seen on micro- and macrovascular levels using retinal vessel imaging methods and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, respectively. Studies reporting blood biomarkers of disease-specific impairment and endothelial dysfunction yielded upregulated inflammation, hypercoagulability, organ and endothelial damage up to several months after infection. Omics' scale lipid profiling studies provide preliminary evidence of alterations in several lipid subspecies, mostly during acute COVID-19, which might contribute to subsequent endothelial and cardiometabolic dysfunction. Yet, more robust evidence is warranted. Physical activity may be reduced up to 6&#x2009;months post-COVID-19. However, studies measuring physical activity more precisely using accelerometry are sparse. Overall, there is growing evidence for long-term multiple organ dysfunction.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Research combining all the above methods in the search for underlying mechanisms of post-COVID-19 symptoms is mostly missing. Moreover, studies with longer follow-ups (i.e. &#x2a7e;18&#x2009;months) and well-matched control groups are lacking. The findings may aid the development of rehabilitation regimes for post-COVID-19 syndrome.<br><br>CONDENSED ABSTRACT: This review examined cardiac function, vascular function, blood biomarkers and physical activity in patients post-COVID-19. Evidence suggests long-term dysfunction in multiple organ systems and exercise intolerance due to various factors, including endothelial damage and, in some patients, subclinical ventricular dysfunction. We highlight knowledge gaps for further research to aid post-COVID-19 rehabilitation.}, }
@article {pmid39902152, year = {2025}, author = {Zhou, X and Xiao, Z and Wu, W and Chen, Y and Yuan, C and Leng, Y and Yao, Y and Zhao, Q and Hofman, A and Brunner, E and Ding, D}, title = {Closing the gap in dementia research by community-based cohort studies in the Chinese population.}, journal = {The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific}, volume = {55}, number = {}, pages = {101465}, pmid = {39902152}, issn = {2666-6065}, support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {China accounts for 1/5 of the global population and China faces a particularly heavy dementia burden due to its rapidly ageing population. Unique historical events, genetic background, sociocultural factors, lifestyle, and the COVID-19 pandemic further influence cognitive outcomes in the Chinese population. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for community-based cohort studies related to dementia in the Chinese population, and summarized the characteristics, methodologies, and major findings published over the last 25 years from 39 cohorts. We identified critical research gaps and propose future directions, including enhancing sample representativeness, investigating China-specific risk factors, expanding exposure measurements to the whole life-span, collecting objective data, conducting administer-friendly domain-specific cognitive assessments, adopting pathological diagnostic criteria, standardizing biobank construction, verifying multi-modal biomarkers, examining social and genetic-environmental aspects, and monitoring post-COVID cognitive health, to approach high quality of dementia studies that can provide solid evidence to policy making and promote global brain health research.}, }
@article {pmid39899304, year = {2025}, author = {Hanlon, P and Butterly, E and Wei, L and Wightman, H and Almazam, SAM and Alsallumi, K and Crowther, J and McChrystal, R and Rennison, H and Hughes, K and Lewsey, J and Lindsay, R and McGurnaghan, S and Petrie, J and Tomlinson, LA and Wild, S and Adler, A and Sattar, N and Phillippo, DM and Dias, S and Welton, NJ and McAllister, DA}, title = {Age and Sex Differences in Efficacy of Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {JAMA}, volume = {333}, number = {12}, pages = {1062-1073}, pmid = {39899304}, issn = {1538-3598}, support = {MR/W016648/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/blood ; *Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; *Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Sex Factors ; Network Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Age Factors ; Female ; Male ; *Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists ; *Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis ; Treatment Outcome ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors improve hyperglycemia, and SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is not clear whether efficacy varies by age or sex.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To assess whether age or sex are associated with differences in the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and DPP4 inhibitors.<br><br>The MEDLINE and Embase databases and US and Chinese clinical trial registries were searched for articles published from inception to November 2022; in August 2024, the search was updated to capture the trial results. Two reviewers screened for randomized clinical trials of SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, or DPP4 inhibitors vs a placebo or active comparator in adults with type 2 diabetes.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Individual participant data and aggregate data were used to estimate age&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;treatment interactions and sex&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;treatment interactions in multilevel network meta-regression models.<br><br>MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and MACEs.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 601 eligible trials identified (592 trials with 309&#x202f;503 participants reported HbA1c; mean age, 58.9 [SD, 10.8] years; 42.3% were female and 23 trials with 168&#x202f;489 participants reported MACEs; mean age, 64.0 [SD, 8.6] years; 35.3% were female), individual participant data were obtained for 103 trials (103 reported HbA1c and 6 reported MACEs). The use of SGLT2 inhibitors (vs placebo) was associated with less HbA1c lowering with increasing age for monotherapy (absolute reduction [AR], 0.24% [95% credible interval {CrI}, 0.10% to 0.38%] per 30-year increment in age), for dual therapy (AR, 0.17% [95% CrI, 0.10% to 0.24%]), and for triple therapy (AR, 0.25% [95% CrI, 0.20% to 0.30%]). The use of GLP-1 receptor agonists was associated with greater HbA1c lowering with increasing age for monotherapy (AR, -0.18% [95% CrI, -0.31% to -0.05%] per 30-year increment in age) and for dual therapy (AR, -0.24% [95% CrI, -0.40% to -0.07%]), but not for triple therapy (AR, 0.04% [95% CrI, -0.02% to 0.11%]). The use of DPP4 inhibitors was associated with slightly better HbA1c lowering in older people for dual therapy (AR, -0.09% [95% CrI, -0.15% to -0.03%] per 30-year increment in age), but not for monotherapy (AR, -0.08% [95% CrI, -0.18% to 0.01%]) or triple therapy (AR, -0.01% [95% CrI, -0.06% to 0.05%]). The relative reduction in MACEs with use of SGLT2 inhibitors was greater in older vs younger participants per 30-year increment in age (hazard ratio, 0.76 [95% CrI, 0.62 to 0.93]), and the relative reduction in MACEs with use of GLP-1 receptor agonists was less in older vs younger participants (hazard ratio, 1.47 [95% CrI, 1.07 to 2.02]). There was no consistent evidence for sex&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;treatment interactions with use of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists were associated with lower risk of MACEs. Analysis of age&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;treatment interactions suggested that SGLT2 inhibitors were more cardioprotective in older than in younger people despite smaller reductions in HbA1c; GLP-1 receptor agonists were more cardioprotective in younger people.}, }
@article {pmid39899183, year = {2025}, author = {Rapparini, L and Cedirian, S and La Placa, M and Piraccini, BM and Raschi, E and Starace, M}, title = {Safety of Hydroxychloroquine: What a Dermatologist Should Know.}, journal = {American journal of clinical dermatology}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, pages = {251-264}, pmid = {39899183}, issn = {1179-1888}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hydroxychloroquine/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Skin Diseases/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Dermatologists ; Dermatology ; }, abstract = {The unique immunomodulatory properties of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have attracted considerable interest beyond its use for malaria and rheumatological diseases, including a variety of dermatological conditions. Over recent years, especially after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the prescription of HCQ has also significantly expanded, sometimes inappropriately, thus posing additional challenges on its optimal use, due to emerging safety issues. In this review, we provide dermatologists with the latest advancements on selected clinically relevant toxicities, namely retinopathy, pro-arrhythmia, cutaneous reactions, and neuropsychiatric effects. It is hoped this update can assist dermatologists to identify high-risk patients for tailored monitoring, screening, and risk minimization strategies, thus supporting safer HCQ prescribing.}, }
@article {pmid39898781, year = {2025}, author = {Costa, GRD and Gouveia, MTO and Gherardi-Donato, ECDS and Lima, PC}, title = {Integrative practices to address stress in nursing professionals during the Covid-19 pandemic: scoping review.}, journal = {Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P}, volume = {58}, number = {}, pages = {e20240108}, pmid = {39898781}, issn = {1980-220X}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Occupational Stress/therapy/prevention &amp; control ; Mindfulness/methods ; Pandemics ; Quality of Life ; *Nurses/psychology ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To map integrative practices used to address occupational stress in nursing professionals during the Covid-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHOD: This is a scoping review following the recommendations of the JBI Institute and PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search was performed between March and April 2024 in the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, IBECS via BVS, and CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science via the CAPES Journal Portal. The selection, stratification and organization of the studies were carried out on the Rayyan platform. The results were presented in a synoptic table, with a descriptive and comparative analysis of the findings, highlighting the integrative practices and their evidence of effectiveness.<br><br>RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included, most of which were published in the United States in 2021. The most common practices were: mindfulness (16.6%), wobble rooms (11%), psychoeducation (11%), peer support (11%), and nonviolent communication (11%). All were effective in reducing stress, promoting well-being, and improving the quality of life of nursing professionals. Conclusions: The most widely used integrative practices were mindfulness and psychoeducation programs, with encouragement of nonviolent communication, all demonstrating effectiveness as interventions to reduce stress in nursing professionals during the pandemic. These practices emerge as viable and effective strategies to promote the mental health and well-being of these professionals.}, }
@article {pmid39898621, year = {2025}, author = {Sabaghian, T and Kharazmi, AB and Omidi, F and Hajikhani, B and Tehrani, S and Mardani, S and Shahidi Bonjar, AH and Centis, R and D'Ambrosio, L and Sotgiu, G and Fabio, A and Nasiri, MJ and Migliori, GB}, title = {Antiphospholipid Antibodies and COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Clinical Implications.}, journal = {Immunity, inflammation and disease}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {e70134}, pmid = {39898621}, issn = {2050-4527}, support = {//This study received a grant supported by the Research Department of the School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Grant number: 43009294)./ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/blood/epidemiology ; *Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/blood/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Thrombosis/immunology ; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor/blood/immunology ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome/immunology ; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin/blood/immunology ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: As the COVID-19 pandemic transitions, understanding the intricate dynamics of the disease becomes paramount. This systematic review explores the role of antiphospholipid antibodies in COVID-19, focusing on their potential clinical implications.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, assesses studies exploring the link between antiphospholipid antibodies and COVID-19. PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies published up to December 22, 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised studies involving patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and reporting on the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. The risk of bias in individual studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool.<br><br>RESULTS: Our Study includes 59 records involving a total of 28,489 COVID-19 patients. Antiphospholipid antibodies were tested in 14,498 COVID-19 patients. It was observed that 50.84% of patients tested positive for antiphospholipid antibodies. Various types of antiphospholipid antibodies, including Anticardiolipin, Anti beta2 glycoproteins, and Lupus anticoagulant antibody, displayed prevalence rates in the patients with thrombosis. The overall frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies in thrombosis patients was 38.55%.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients underscores the need for a detailed investigation into their role in thrombotic events. Our study highlights potential avenues for targeted interventions. However, the evolving nature of COVID-19 necessitates continued research efforts to clarify clinical implications and optimize management strategies in this complex landscape of thrombosis and immunology. The review reveals some limitations, such as variability in study designs and demographics and inherent differences in methodologies among included studies. Future studies should address these limitations with standardized methodologies for more conclusive findings.}, }
@article {pmid39898594, year = {2025}, author = {Faisal, AF and Mustafa, YF}, title = {The Multifaceted Chemistry of Chili Peppers: A Biodiversity Treasure for Nutrition and Biomedicine.}, journal = {Chemistry &amp; biodiversity}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e202402690}, doi = {10.1002/cbdv.202402690}, pmid = {39898594}, issn = {1612-1880}, abstract = {Due to its biodiversity, traditional medicine has been recognized worldwide for centuries and continues to affect the development of complementary and alternative therapies. A wide variety of spices, herbs, and trees are known for their curative effects. Chili pepper (Ch-p), a spice-utilizing fruit, is rich in natural medicinally bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, capsaicinoids, and many other phytochemicals and phytonutrients. Operating in synergy and consortium, these compounds demonstrate their functionality, in comparison to lonely treatment, as active agents in handling many disorders. These may include abnormal coagulation, oxidative stress, obesity, diabetes, inflammation, cancer, and microbe-inducing diseases. Recently, capsaicinoids, particularly capsaicin, have been shown to manage the symptoms of significant viral diseases, including COVID-19. Capsaicin also has the potential to be an effective anesthetic agent and enables Ch-p to be expandedly employed as a topical preparation in relieving pain as well. The phytochemicals of Ch-p are not only beneficial and inexpensive phyto-alternatives in disease management, but they can also be used as scaffolds for the production of novel medicines. The study also substantiates the role of the TRPV1 receptor in the mitigation of chronic diseases in conjunction with capsaicin. Nevertheless, the consumption of Ch-p is the subject of limited medicinal research, necessitating the confirmation of the results from animal studies. The nutritional and biomedical prospection of Ch-p-derived products has been addressed in an accessible format in this artifact, with the potential to precisely enhance and enrich our pharmaceutical industries in the pursuit of human well-being.}, }
@article {pmid39898255, year = {2025}, author = {Han, Y and Wang, Z and Li, X and Zhong, Z}, title = {Differences of the Chest Images Between Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients and Influenza Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.}, journal = {International journal of medical sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {3}, pages = {641-650}, pmid = {39898255}, issn = {1449-1907}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnostic imaging ; *Influenza, Human/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Lung/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Radiography, Thoracic ; }, abstract = {Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza are two infectious diseases that can pose a great threat to human health. We aimed to compare the differences in chest images between patients with COVID-19 and influenza to deepen the understanding of these two diseases. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for articles published before December 25, 2023, and performed a meta-analysis using Stata 14.0 with a random-effects model. The study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Twenty-six articles with 2,159 COVID-19 patients and 1,568 influenza patients were included in the meta-analysis. By comparing chest computed tomography (CT) and chest X-ray, we found that COVID-19 patients had more peripheral lung lesions (OR=3.66, 95% CI: 1.84-7.31). Although COVID-19 patients had more bilateral lung involvement (OR=1.74, 95% CI: 0.90-3.38) and less unilateral lung involvement (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.44-1.02), these two results were not statistically significant. Patients with COVID-19 showed more ground-glass opacities (OR=2.83, 95% CI: 1.85-4.32), reverse halo signs (OR=3.47, 95% CI: 2.37-5.08), interlobular septal thickening (OR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.55-3.01), vascular enlargement (OR=5.00, 95% CI: 1.80-13.85) and crazy-paving patterns (OR=2.63, 95% CI: 1.57-4.41) on chest images than patients with influenza. We also found that compared with influenza patients, pleural effusion was rare in COVID-19 patients (OR=0.15, 95% CI: 0.07-0.31). Conclusions: There are some differences in the manifestations and distributions of lesions between patients with COVID-19 and influenza on chest images, which is helpful to distinguish these two infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39897928, year = {2025}, author = {Batool, S and Chokkakula, S and Jeong, JH and Baek, YH and Song, MS}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 drug resistance and therapeutic approaches.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {e41980}, pmid = {39897928}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {In light of the transition of COVID-19 from a pandemic to an endemic phase, there is still a dire need to address challenges associated with drug resistance, particularly among immunocompromised and high-risk populations. This review explores the current state of research on SARS-CoV-2 drug resistance and underscores the ongoing need for effective therapeutic strategies. It critically evaluates existing knowledge on resistance mechanisms and therapeutic options, aiming to consolidate information and highlight areas for future research. By examining the complex interactions between the virus and its host, the review advocates for a multifaceted approach, including combination therapies, targeted drug development, and continuous surveillance of viral mutations. It also emphasizes the impact of evolving viral variants on antiviral efficacy and suggests adaptive treatment protocols. This review aims to enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 drug resistance and contribute to more effective management of COVID-19 through a discussion of promising strategies such as drug repurposing and combination therapies.}, }
@article {pmid39897578, year = {2025}, author = {Naeem, S and Zhang, J and Zhang, Y and Wang, Y}, title = {Nucleic acid therapeutics: Past, present, and future.}, journal = {Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {102440}, pmid = {39897578}, issn = {2162-2531}, abstract = {Nucleic acid therapeutics have become increasingly recognized in recent years for their capability to target both coding and non-coding sequences. Several types of nucleic acid modalities, including siRNA, mRNA, aptamer, along with antisense oligo, have been approved by regulatory bodies for therapeutic use. The field of nucleic acid therapeutics has been brought to the forefront by the rapid development of vaccines against COVID-19, followed by a number of approvals for clinical use including much anticipated CRISPR-Cas9. However, obstacles such as the difficulty of achieving efficient and targeted delivery to diseased sites remain. This review provides an overview of nucleic acid therapeutics and highlights substantial advancements, including critical engineering, conjugation, and delivery strategies, that are paving the way for their growing role in modern medicine.}, }
@article {pmid39897533, year = {2024}, author = {Brandt, G and Pahlenkemper, M and Ballero Reque, C and Sabel, L and Zaiser, C and Laskowski, NM and Paslakis, G}, title = {Gender and sex differences in adherence to a Mediterranean diet and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.}, journal = {Frontiers in nutrition}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1501646}, pmid = {39897533}, issn = {2296-861X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant lifestyle changes, including alterations in dietary habits and increases in sedentary behavior. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with various health benefits, which are especially important given the health challenges posed by the pandemic. During the pandemic, an overall shift towards consuming more highly processed foods has been observed.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review investigated adherence to MD during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on gender differences and factors influencing adherence to MD in the general public. The literature search focused on papers published between January 1, 2019, and July 8, 2024, across various databases such as Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PubMed MEDLINE, and PsycINFO.<br><br>RESULTS: Following the PRISMA guidelines, this search identified 14,347 references, of which 5,734 were duplicates. After a thorough multi-level screening process, 29 studies, encompassing 55,242 participants, met the inclusion criteria. While seven studies reported that men adhered to a MD more than women during the COVID-19 pandemic, 12 studies also indicated that women had higher adherence to a MD compared to men. Nine studies, however, found no significant gender differences in MD adherence. Additionally, older age, higher education levels, higher socioeconomic status, and increased physical activity were linked to greater adherence to a MD in the pandemic context.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Gender-specific differences in dietary behavior are influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status, gender roles, and pandemic phases as well as biases in sample composition and methodological weaknesses. Significant gaps in the evidence, particularly concerning sexual and gender minorities, are highlighted.<br><br>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=421727.}, }
@article {pmid39897087, year = {2025}, author = {Romero-Leiton, JP and Laison, EKE and Alfaro, R and Parmley, EJ and Arino, J and Acharya, KR and Nasri, B}, title = {Exploring Zika's dynamics: A scoping review journey from epidemic to equations through mathematical modelling.}, journal = {Infectious Disease Modelling}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {536-558}, pmid = {39897087}, issn = {2468-0427}, abstract = {Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, along with the concurrent circulation of other arboviruses, presents a great public health challenge, reminding the utilization of mathematical modelling as a crucial tool for explaining its intricate dynamics and interactions with co-circulating pathogens. Through a scoping review, we aimed to discern current mathematical models investigating ZIKV dynamics, focusing on its interplay with other pathogens, and to identify underlying assumptions and deficiencies supporting attention, particularly regarding the epidemiological attributes characterizing Zika outbreaks. Following the PRISMA-Sc guidelines, a systematic search across PubMed, Web of Science, and MathSciNet provided 137 pertinent studies from an initial pool of 2446 papers, showing a diversity of modelling approaches, predominantly centered on vector-host compartmental models, with a notable concentration on the epidemiological landscapes of Colombia and Brazil during the 2015-2016 Zika epidemic. While modelling studies have been important in explaining Zika transmission dynamics and their intersections with diseases such as Dengue, Chikungunya, and COVID-19 so far, future Zika models should prioritize robust data integration and rigorous validation against diverse datasets to improve the accuracy and reliability of epidemic prediction. In addition, models could benefit from adaptable frameworks incorporating human behavior, environmental factors, and stochastic parameters, with an emphasis on open-access tools to foster transparency and research collaboration.}, }
@article {pmid39897040, year = {2025}, author = {Bai, Y and Liu, T and Zhang, S and Shi, Y and Yang, Y and Ding, M and Yang, X and Guo, S and Xu, X and Liu, Q}, title = {Traditional Chinese Medicine for Viral Pneumonia Therapy: Pharmacological Basis and Mechanistic Insights.}, journal = {International journal of biological sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {989-1013}, pmid = {39897040}, issn = {1449-2288}, mesh = {Humans ; *Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; }, abstract = {Different respiratory viruses might cause similar symptoms, ranging from mild upper respiratory tract involvement to severe respiratory distress, which can rapidly progress to septic shock, coagulation disorders, and multiorgan failure, ultimately leading to death. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that predicting clinical outcomes can be challenging because of the complex interactions between the virus and the host. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has distinct benefits in the treatment of respiratory viral illnesses due to its adherence to the principles of "different treatments for the same disease" and "same treatment for different diseases". This paper examines the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of key TCM treatments for viral pneumonia in recent years. The aim of this study was to discover and confirm the active substances of TCM with potential therapeutic effects on viral pneumonia and their integrative effects and synergistic mechanisms and to provide a scientific basis for elucidating the effectiveness of TCM treatment and drug discovery. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of previous research is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of TCM in treating viral pneumonia.}, }
@article {pmid39896896, year = {2025}, author = {Di Tommaso, V and Rossi, M and Gianola, S and Castellini, G and Bargeri, S and Rossettini, G and Bortolami, A}, title = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pelvic floor signs and symptoms: a scoping review of the literature.}, journal = {Archives of physiotherapy}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1-8}, pmid = {39896896}, issn = {2057-0082}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a substantial global health challenge. While the disease is known to impact multiple systems, leading to long-term consequences that require monitoring and rehabilitation, its effects on the pelvic floor remain unclear.This study aims to explore COVID-19-related signs and symptoms affecting pelvic floor functions through a scoping review.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a scoping review following the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases up to March 19, 2024, to identify studies examining pelvic floor-related signs and symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Two independent reviewers extracted the study and participant characteristics, areas involved (e.g., anorectal, sexual, urogenital), and signs and symptoms using an ad-hoc data extraction form. Signs and symptoms were classified as direct (e.g., directly impacting the pelvic floor) or indirect (e.g., indirectly affecting the pelvic floor with potential long-term consequences).<br><br>RESULTS: We included 104 studies, primarily a systematic review (N = 40; 38.46%) and focused on adult populations (N = 80; 76.92%), investigating 140 signs and symptoms from various regions worldwide. Most (N = 124; 88.57%) were indirect signs and symptoms, while the minority were direct (N = 16; 11.43%). The most prevalent indirect symptom was diarrhea (n = 81; 70,43%) in the anorectal bowel area (n = 115). The most prevalent direct were lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (n = 16; 84.21%) in the urogenital area (n = 19).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study highlights the significant prevalence of both direct and indirect pelvic floor symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Clinicians should be aware of the potential link between COVID-19 and pelvic floor dysfunction.}, }
@article {pmid39896874, year = {2025}, author = {Livieratos, A and Lockley, SW and Tsiodras, S}, title = {Post infectious fatigue and circadian rhythm disruption in long-COVID and other infections: a need for further research.}, journal = {EClinicalMedicine}, volume = {80}, number = {}, pages = {103073}, pmid = {39896874}, issn = {2589-5370}, abstract = {Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains a subject of scientific research specifically with regards to its association with infections, including the more recently described Long COVID condition. Chronic fatigue and sleep disturbances in Long COVID are intricately linked to disruptions in circadian rhythms, driven by distinct molecular and cellular mechanisms triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. This can be driven by various mechanisms including dysregulation of key clock genes (CLOCK, BMAL1, PER2), mitochondrial dysfunction impairing oxidative phosphorylation, and cytokine-induced neuroinflammation (e.g., interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha). Epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation at clock-related loci, particularly in peripheral tissues, further contribute to systemic circadian dysregulation. This work underscores the multifaceted molecular and systemic disruptions to circadian regulation in relation to fatigue and sleep disturbances identified as post-infectious sequelae, focusing on the Long COVID condition.}, }
@article {pmid39896217, year = {2025}, author = {Naveed Siddiqui, A and Musharaf, I and Gulumbe, BH}, title = {The JN.1 variant of COVID-19: immune evasion, transmissibility, and implications for global health.}, journal = {Therapeutic advances in infectious disease}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {20499361251314763}, pmid = {39896217}, issn = {2049-9361}, abstract = {The emergence of the COVID-19 JN.1 variant has raised global health concerns as it gains prevalence in several regions worldwide. First identified in August 2023, JN.1 evolved from the Omicron lineage's BA.2.86 subvariant. Patients infected with JN.1 commonly exhibit symptoms such as sore throat, fever, dry cough, nausea, and vomiting. While the World Health Organization has labeled JN.1 a Variant of Interest, it currently presents a low global health risk. However, its increased transmissibility, particularly in cold, dry climates, is concerning. This review provides a comprehensive overview of JN.1's biological characteristics, epidemiology, transmissibility, immune evasion, and the efficacy of existing antiviral treatments and vaccination strategies. A literature search across key databases targeted studies from January 2023 to August 2024, emphasizing recent insights into JN.1's spread and clinical impact. Findings reveal that JN.1 exhibits higher infectivity and immune evasion than previous variants, largely due to the L4555 mutation. From November 2023 to March 2024, JN.1 showed an increasing trend in transmission. Previously approved antivirals, including Paxlovid, Veklury, and Lagevrio, demonstrate effectiveness against JN.1, and current vaccines still protect against severe illness from this variant. However, vaccination rates remain low. Monitoring efforts include genomic assessments, wastewater surveillance, and digital tracking to contain the variant's spread. It is essential to encourage the public to maintain vaccination and preventive measures to reduce JN.1's impact. Continued research is critical for understanding and managing the evolving landscape of COVID-19 and its emerging variants.}, }
@article {pmid39894232, year = {2025}, author = {Hachimi, A and El-Mansoury, B and Merzouki, M}, title = {Incidence, pathophysiology, risk factors, histopathology, and outcomes of COVID-19-induced acute kidney injury: A narrative review.}, journal = {Microbial pathogenesis}, volume = {202}, number = {}, pages = {107360}, doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107360}, pmid = {39894232}, issn = {1096-1208}, mesh = {*Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology/pathology/etiology/physiopathology/virology/therapy ; Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/pathology ; Risk Factors ; Incidence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Kidney/pathology/virology ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has led to a significant burden on global healthcare systems. COVID-19-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is among one of the complications, that has emerged as a critical and frequent condition in COVID-19 patients. This AKI among COVID-19 patients is associated with poor outcomes, and high mortality rates, especially in those with severe AKI or requiring renal replacement therapy. COVID-19-induced AKI represents a significant complication with complex pathophysiology and multifactorial risk factors. Indeed, several pathophysiological mechanisms, including direct viral invasion of renal cells, systemic inflammation, endothelial and thrombotic abnormalities as well as nephrotoxic drugs and rhabdomyolysis are believed to underlie this condition. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistopathological findings commonly observed in postmortem studies include acute tubular necrosis, glomerular injury, and the presence of viral particles within renal tissue and urine. Identified risk factors for developing AKI vary among studies, depending on regions, underlying conditions, and the severity of the disease. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistopathological findings commonly observed in postmortem studies include show acute tubular necrosis, glomerular injury, and viral particles within renal tissue and urine. While, identified risk factors for developing AKI vary among studies, according to regions, underlying conditions, and the gravity of the disease. This narrative review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the incidence, pathophysiology, risk factors, histopathology, and outcomes of AKI induced by COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39893528, year = {2025}, author = {Ghosh, R and Yarlagadda, LC and Mondal, C and Paruchuri, T and Ghosh, D and Rudra, A and Chattopadhyay, G and Sarkar, J}, title = {A Concise Review on Different Aspects of Influences of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Liver and Metabolic Changes.}, journal = {The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India}, volume = {73}, number = {1}, pages = {49-57}, doi = {10.59556/japi.73.0782}, pmid = {39893528}, issn = {0004-5772}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/metabolism ; *Liver Diseases/metabolism/virology ; *Liver/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease, causing a deadly situation around the world. Significant cases need hospitalization and intensive care. Obese, diabetic, and immunosuppressed people have poor prognosis. Here, we are establishing the link between liver disease and COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: A thorough investigation was performed across several articles and databases from 2020 to 2022 to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the liver.<br><br>RESULTS: As of June 2022, we identified 75 articles in electronic databases discussing the hepatic impact of COVID-19.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review delves into the impact of COVID-19 on liver metabolism, specifically how it exacerbates morbidity and mortality in individuals with preexisting chronic liver disease (CLD).}, }
@article {pmid39893062, year = {2025}, author = {Shalaby, A and Lachâtre, M and Charlier, C}, title = {[Pneumonia and pregnancy].}, journal = {Revue des maladies respiratoires}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {104-116}, doi = {10.1016/j.rmr.2025.01.002}, pmid = {39893062}, issn = {1776-2588}, mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/therapy/diagnosis/etiology ; *Pneumonia/epidemiology/therapy/diagnosis ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology/therapy/diagnosis ; Risk Factors ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Acute community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) during pregnancy is a frequently encountered and potentially severe condition. CAP incidence and ecology are unchanged during pregnancy as compared with the overall young adult population. Risk factors specifically identified in pregnant women include advanced gestational age, asthma, anemia and repeated courses of corticosteroid therapy for fetal lung maturation. The clinical presentation of CAP is not altered during pregnancy. Key points in the pregnant host encompass: (i) reduced maternal tolerance to hypoxia, due to physiological adaptations during pregnancy; (ii) heightened severity of some infections, notably viral pneumonias such as influenza, varicella or SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia; (iii) potentially deleterious fetal repercussions of infection and maternal hypoxia, with an increased risk of premature delivery and prematurity; (iv) the need for specific attention to the risk of fetal irradiation in the performance of possibly repeated radiological examinations and (v) therapeutic specificities arising from the possible embryo-fetal toxicity of certain anti-infectious agents. CAP prevention is premised on compliance with universal hygiene measures and on vaccination, which guarantees protection against severe forms of pneumonia not only in the mother (Streptococcus pneumoniae, seasonal flu, chickenpox, COVID-19), but also in the child during the first few months of life (whooping cough, RSV).}, }
@article {pmid39892931, year = {2025}, author = {Dodge, MC and Ellervik, C and Kataria, Y}, title = {A Meta-analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Anti-spike Immunoglobulin G Antibody Durability up to 9 Months After Full Vaccination in Adults.}, journal = {Clinics in laboratory medicine}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {111-136}, doi = {10.1016/j.cll.2024.10.007}, pmid = {39892931}, issn = {1557-9832}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; *Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology ; Adult ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Vaccination ; Time Factors ; }, abstract = {This meta-analysis aims to estimate temporal decline in vaccine-induced antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 up to 9 months after full vaccination contributing to overall understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 infection protection. We identified 15 eligible studies and calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) between antibody concentrations at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after full vaccination. Overall SMD between 1 month after vaccination and 3 months was -1.14 (95% CI -1.52, -0.76), at 6 months was -1.06 (95% CI -1.30, -0.81), and at 9 months, it was -0.77 (95% CI -0.94, -0.60) suggesting a moderate decline over time.}, }
@article {pmid39892114, year = {2025}, author = {Gschwend, MH and Marchese, AM and Poelaert, D and Warren, B and Rousculp, MD and Caldera, F}, title = {Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine in immunocompromised patients: A targeted literature review.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {49}, number = {}, pages = {126777}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126777}, pmid = {39892114}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; *Vaccine Efficacy ; }, abstract = {Individuals who are immunocompromised (IIC) may have impaired infection prevention/resolution, potentially causing increased disease severity, complications, and healthcare-system strain. Exclusion of IIC from COVID-19 vaccine trials and limited real-world Novavax COVID-19 vaccine assessments have resulted in a data gap. This article provides a review of literature on IIC who received the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine. A targeted literature search of BIOSIS Previews®, Embase®, Embase Preprints, MEDLINE®, and publicly available content was performed to identify published clinical data assessing efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine in IIC, with predefined terms for immune-modifying diseases/conditions and medications. Identified publications were screened to ensure they described study data from IIC who received the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine. The search (through October 2024) identified 137 reports indicating use of the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine in IIC. Screening resulted in 10 publications for review; exclusionary reasons included a lack of vaccine-specific data (i.e., limited [<0.2% or n < 3] vaccine recipients, pooled/aggregated cohorts) and/or IIC population. Conditions described include HIV, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory rheumatic diseases, transplant recipients, and hematologic malignancies. Overall, the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine was immunogenic and had a tolerable safety profile across diverse populations of IIC; some outcomes varied based on condition, disease, and/or concomitant medication(s). Limited efficacy data indicates that the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine may help protect IIC against symptomatic/severe COVID-19; however, additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed. Future research should include disease-specific populations to assess how individual characteristics (e.g., disease state, concomitant medications, prior COVID-19 vaccination) impact vaccine response.}, }
@article {pmid39891861, year = {2025}, author = {Zima, K and Bogucka, A and Wojtas, M and Zabielska-Kaczorowska, M}, title = {Immunological Effects of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Review of Current Evidence.}, journal = {Clinical reviews in allergy &amp; immunology}, volume = {68}, number = {1}, pages = {9}, pmid = {39891861}, issn = {1559-0267}, mesh = {Humans ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; *Vaping/adverse effects/immunology ; Adaptive Immunity ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; COVID-19/immunology ; Animals ; Inflammation/immunology ; }, abstract = {Electronic cigarettes (EC) have emerged as a popular alternative to traditional tobacco products, but their impact on immune function has raised significant health concerns. This review explores the immunological effects of EC exposure, focusing on innate and adaptive immune responses. Electronic cigarette aerosol (ECA) induces widespread inflammation. These changes compromise immune cell function, impairing neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst while increasing macrophage and dendritic cell recruitment and activation. ECA also disrupts epithelial barriers, increasing susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. Studies show enhanced biofilm formation in bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae and impaired antiviral responses against pathogens like influenza A and SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, EC exposure modulates adaptive immunity, affecting T and B cell function and increasing systemic inflammatory markers. The long-term consequences of these immunological disruptions include heightened risks for chronic inflammatory diseases, respiratory infections, and potentially autoimmune conditions. The widespread adoption of EC, particularly among younger users, poses a growing public health challenge. As the popularity of vaping continues to rise, these immunological disruptions could result in increased healthcare burdens in the future, with higher rates of infections, chronic inflammatory diseases, and immune system-related disorders among those who begin using e-cigarettes at a young age. Understanding the full scope of EC-related health risks is essential for informing public health policies and protecting future generations from the potential long-term effects of vaping.}, }
@article {pmid39891806, year = {2025}, author = {Tassakos, A and Kloppman, A and Louie, JCY}, title = {The Impact of Diet Quality on COVID-19 Severity and Outcomes-A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Current nutrition reports}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {27}, pmid = {39891806}, issn = {2161-3311}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Diet ; Severity of Illness Index ; Diet, Mediterranean ; *Diet, Healthy ; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has highlighted the potential role of nutrition in modifying disease susceptibility and severity. This review aims to systematically evaluate the current evidence on associations between dietary patterns, assessed using diet quality scores (DQS), and COVID-19 severity and outcomes.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: A comprehensive literature search identified 15 studies across diverse populations. Prospective cohort studies generally found higher diet quality associated with lower COVID-19 infection rates. Case-control studies consistently showed reduced odds of COVID-19 infection and severe illness with adherence to anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, particularly the Mediterranean diet. Cross-sectional data revealed associations between higher DQS and reduced COVID-19 symptom burden and improved prognostic biomarkers. An ecological study demonstrated inverse relationships between national-level diet quality and COVID-19 caseloads. Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and plant-based diet scores were notably predictive of favourable outcomes, even after adjusting for confounders. Conversely, consumption of processed foods high in saturated fats, sugars, and additives was linked to increased COVID-19 complications. Despite these findings, research gaps remain, including the impacts of specific dietary components, effect modifiers across populations, and establishing causality through interventional trials. This review highlights the observational evidence supporting the potential integration of optimal nutrition into pandemic preparedness strategies. Further research is needed to strengthen these findings and inform evidence-based dietary recommendations for COVID-19 prevention and management.}, }
@article {pmid39891620, year = {2025}, author = {Agnew, B and Couture, MC and Uwimana, H and Callaghan, T and Olsanksa, EJ and Arah, OA and Baker, J and Regan, AK}, title = {Global Systematic Scoping Review of Adolescent Factors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy.}, journal = {The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine}, volume = {76}, number = {4}, pages = {542-557}, pmid = {39891620}, issn = {1879-1972}, support = {L40 AI178819/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R21 HD109536/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Female ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Child ; *Vaccination/psychology ; }, abstract = {Although COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for adolescents aged 12-17 years, they remain one of the least commonly vaccinated age groups. Therefore, studies investigating the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy among adolescents are needed. We conducted a systematic review of the literature in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards from inception to October 23, 2022, for adolescent-reported factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. Titles and abstracts of articles were screened, full-text articles were reviewed for eligibility, and eligible articles were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Results were summarized using a narrative synthesis. The review protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022363411). Of 4,140 articles screened, 302 were selected for full-text review, 27 of which met the eligibility criteria. Most studies evaluated age (n = 20 studies) and sex (n = 21 studies) in relation to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, yet these were uncommonly linked with vaccine hesitancy among adolescents. Adolescents consistently reported the impact of the pandemic on social activities, social and parental norms, and a sense of communal responsibility as reasons for vaccinating. Although fewer studies (n = 18 studies) evaluated theoretical-based factors, the studies conducted showed that perceived vaccine safety and efficacy (n = 6 studies), risks from vaccination (n = 5 studies), and social and parental norms (n = 3) were consistently linked with vaccine hesitancy. To address low vaccination rates, adolescent-engaged research remains needed that considers their perspectives on COVID-19 vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid39891396, year = {2025}, author = {Rodrigues, TS and Zamboni, DS}, title = {Inflammasome Activation by RNA Respiratory Viruses: Mechanisms, Viral Manipulation, and Therapeutic Insights.}, journal = {Immunological reviews}, volume = {330}, number = {1}, pages = {e70003}, doi = {10.1111/imr.70003}, pmid = {39891396}, issn = {1600-065X}, support = {//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; 2013/08216-2//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 2019/11342-6//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Inflammasomes/metabolism/immunology ; Animals ; *RNA Virus Infections/immunology/virology/therapy ; *RNA Viruses/immunology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology/virology/therapy ; Signal Transduction ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/metabolism ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; }, abstract = {Respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly. Upon infection, these viruses are recognized by pattern recognition receptors, leading to the activation of inflammasomes, which are essential for mediating inflammatory responses. This review discusses the mechanisms by which these RNA respiratory viruses activate inflammasomes, emphasizing the roles of various signaling pathways and components involved in this process. Additionally, we highlight the specific interactions between viral proteins and inflammasome sensors, elucidating how these viruses manipulate the host immune response to facilitate infection. Understanding the dynamics of inflammasome activation in response to respiratory viruses provides critical insights for developing immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating inflammation and improving outcomes in respiratory tract infections.}, }
@article {pmid39891139, year = {2025}, author = {Langmuir, T and Wilson, M and McCleary, N and Patey, AM and Mekki, K and Ghazal, H and Estey Noad, E and Buchan, J and Dubey, V and Galley, J and Gibson, E and Fontaine, G and Smith, M and Alghamyan, A and Thompson, K and Crawshaw, J and Grimshaw, JM and Arnason, T and Brehaut, J and Michie, S and Brouwers, M and Presseau, J}, title = {Strategies and resources used by public health units to encourage COVID-19 vaccination among priority groups: a behavioural science-informed review of three urban centres in Canada.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {403}, pmid = {39891139}, issn = {1471-2458}, support = {EG3 179446//CIHR/Canada ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Ontario ; Canada ; Behavioral Sciences ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Public Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ensuring widespread COVID-19 vaccine uptake is a public health priority in Canada and globally, particularly within communities that exhibit lower uptake rates and are at a higher risk of infection. Public health units (PHUs) have leveraged many resources to promote the uptake of recommended COVID-19 vaccine doses. Understanding barriers and facilitators to vaccine uptake, and which strategies/resources have been used to address them to date, may help identify areas where further support could be provided. We sought to identify the strategies/resources used by PHUs to promote the uptake of the first and third doses of the COVID-19 vaccine among priority groups in their jurisdictions. We examined the alignment of these existing strategies/resources with behavioral science principles, to inform potential complementary strategies/resources.<br><br>METHODS: We reviewed the online and in-person strategies/resources used by three PHUs in Ontario, Canada to promote COVID-19 vaccine uptake among priority groups (Black and Eastern European populations, and/or neighbourhoods with low vaccine uptake or socioeconomic status). Strategies/resources were identified from PHU websites, social media, and PHU liaison. We used the Behaviour Change Techniques (BCT) Taxonomy - which describes 93 different ways of supporting behaviour change - to categorise the types of strategies/resources used, and the Theoretical Domains Framework - which synthesises 14 factors that can be barriers or facilitators to decisions and actions - to categorise the barriers and facilitators addressed by strategies/resources.<br><br>RESULTS: PHUs operationalised 21 out of 93 BCTs, ranging from 15 to 20 BCTs per PHU. The most frequently operationalised BCTs were found in strategies/resources that provided information about COVID-19 infection and vaccines, increased access to COVID-19 vaccination, and integrated social supports such as community ambassadors and engagement sessions with healthcare professionals. Identified BCTs aligned most frequently with addressing barriers and facilitators related to Knowledge, Environmental context and resources, and Beliefs about consequences domains.<br><br>CONCLUSION: PHUs have used several BCTs to address different barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccine uptake for priority groups. Opportunities should be pursued to broaden the scope of BCTs used (e.g., operationalizing the pros and cons BCT) and barriers/facilitators addressed in strategies/resources for ongoing and future COVID-19 vaccine uptake efforts among general and prioritised populations.}, }
@article {pmid39891054, year = {2025}, author = {Golpour, M and Jalali, H and Alizadeh-Navaei, R and Talarposhti, MR and Mousavi, T and Ghara, AAN}, title = {Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B among patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {145}, pmid = {39891054}, issn = {1471-2334}, mesh = {Humans ; *Influenza, Human/epidemiology/virology/complications ; *Coinfection/epidemiology/virology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology/complications ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Influenza B virus ; Influenza A virus ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health problem and may result in co-infection with other pathogens such as influenza virus. This review investigates the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B among patients with COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: This meta- analysis included 38 primary studies investigating co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with influenza in confirmed cases of COVID-19. The global online databases were used to identify relevant studies published between December 2019 and July 2024. Data analysis was performed using STATA Ver. 17 software, and standard errors of prevalence were calculated using the binomial distribution formula. Heterogeneity of study results was evaluated using the I-square and Q index, and publication bias was examined using the Begg's and Egger's tests, as well as funnel plot. A random effects model was used to determine prevalence rates, and a forest plot diagram was used to present results with 95% confidence intervals. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed to check the impact of each primary study on the overall estimate.<br><br>RESULT: The analysis found that the prevalence of influenza in co-infected patients at 95% confidence interval using a random effect model was 14% (95% CI: 8-20%). Significant heterogeneity was observed in the random-effects model for influenza A, 11% (95% CI: 5-18%) and B, 4% (95% CI: 2-7%) in co-infected patients. The highest prevalence of influenza A/B (21%), influenza A (17%) and influenza B (20%) was shown in Asia and Europe respectively. Subgroup analysis by study year showed that the co-prevalence of COVID-19 and influenza A/B was similar in the pre-2021 and post-2021 time periods, at 14% (95% CI: 5-23%) for pre-2021 and 6-22% for 2021 and post-2021. Also, the overall prevalence of influenza A and B in COVID-19 patients is 11% and 4%, and there was no significant difference between the time periods before and after 2021. Meta-regression with a random-effects model showed that the variables location, year group, and total patients showed only 2.71% of very high heterogeneity (I&#xb2; = 99.92%), and none of these variables had a significant effect on the co-prevalence of COVID-19 and influenza A/B (p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05). Also, meta-regression results showed that these variables had no significant effect on influenza A and B prevalence (p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05) and showed only a small proportion of the very high heterogeneity (I&#xb2; = 99.72%), (I&#xb2; = 68.78%). In our study, Egger's test indicated that there was publication bias or small study effects in this meta-analysis (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.0000).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The combination of SARS-CoV-2 with influenza and other respiratory viruses requires the best treatment protocols to reduce the severity of the disease. In this approach, high vaccination coverage against seasonal influenza and SARS-CoV-2 could reduce the risk of co-infection in the recent pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39890290, year = {2025}, author = {File, TM}, title = {Vaccines and Other Preventative Strategies for Immunocompromised Pneumonia.}, journal = {Clinics in chest medicine}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {21-35}, doi = {10.1016/j.ccm.2024.10.002}, pmid = {39890290}, issn = {1557-8216}, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; *Pneumonia/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; Vaccination/methods ; }, abstract = {Immunocompromised patients are more susceptible to infections. Although they have reduced immune response to vaccines, it is still essential to prioritize immunizations as one strategy to potentially reduce the impact of pneumonia in this vulnerable population. Response to immunizations in immunocompromised patients can be enhanced by increasing the dose of vaccines (eg, influenza) or by increasing the number of doses (eg, coronavirus disease 2019). Prophylactic use of antimicrobials, control of risk factors (avoidance of smoking), and stabilization of underlying conditions (eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) can also have a beneficial effect to reduce the likelihood of pneumonia in the immunocompromised host.}, }
@article {pmid39890289, year = {2025}, author = {Cilloniz, C and Torres, A}, title = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Emerging Lung Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient.}, journal = {Clinics in chest medicine}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {203-216}, doi = {10.1016/j.ccm.2024.10.015}, pmid = {39890289}, issn = {1557-8216}, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; *COVID-19/therapy/diagnosis/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The immunocompromised are at higher risk of COVID-19 and lung infections, and these are associated with more severe presentations and greater risk of complication, increasing the risks of intensive care unit admission and poor outcomes. However, only limited high-quality data are available about the diagnosis and management of lung infections in this population, with many clinical trials and other large studies excluding the immunocompromised. Well-designed studies are needed to better understand the optimal diagnostic and management options to improve outcomes in the increasingly heterogeneous group of immunocompromised patients.}, }
@article {pmid39890207, year = {2025}, author = {Diaz Brochero, C and Nocua-Báez, LC and Cortes, JA and Charniga, K and Buitrago-Lopez, A and Cucunubá, ZM}, title = {Decoding mpox: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the transmission and severity parameters of the 2022-2023 global outbreak.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39890207}, issn = {2059-7908}, mesh = {Humans ; *Disease Outbreaks/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Global Health ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/transmission ; Severity of Illness Index ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The 2022-2023 mpox outbreak has been the largest in history. We aim to synthesise the key epidemiological parameters related to the dynamics, transmission, and severity of mpox (incubation period, serial interval, generation time, infectious period, basic (R0) and effective (R(t)) reproductive number, and case fatality rate (CFR)).<br><br>METHODS: Systematic review of observational studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE and other sources up to September 2023 (PROSPERO: CRD42023404503). Quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal for case series, cross-sectional and cohort studies, and a designed quality assessment questionnaire for mathematical models. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model.<br><br>RESULTS: For transmissibility parameters, we estimated a pooled incubation period of 7.60 (95% CI 7.14 to 8.10)&#x2009;days and a pooled serial interval of 8.30 (95% CI 6.74 to 10.23)&#x2009;days. One study reported a generation time of 12.5&#x2009;days (95%&#x2009;CI 7.5 to 17.3). Three studies reported presymptomatic transmission in 27-50% of paired cases investigated. R(t) varied between 1.16 and 3.74 and R0 varied between 0.006 and 7.84. The epidemic peaked between August and September 2022 in Europe and the Americas whereas transmission has continued in African countries. For severity parameters, we estimated a pooled CFR by continent: 0.19% (95% CI 0.09% to 0.37%) for the Americas and 0.33% (95% CI 0.15% to 0.7%) for Europe. For Africa, we found that the CFRs of countries associated with group I were higher (range 17-64%) than those associated with group IIb (range 0-6%).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Pooled mpox serial interval was slightly larger than pooled incubation period, suggesting transmission occurs mostly postsymptom onset, although presymptomatic transmission can occur in an important proportion of cases. CFR estimates varied by geographical region and were higher in Africa, in countries linked with clade I. Our results contribute to a better understanding of mpox dynamics, and the development of mathematical models to assess the impact of current and future interventions.}, }
@article {pmid39890180, year = {2025}, author = {Aziz, F and Bianchini, D and Olawade, DB and Boussios, S}, title = {The Impact of AI-driven Remote Patient Monitoring on Cancer Care: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Anticancer research}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {407-418}, doi = {10.21873/anticanres.17430}, pmid = {39890180}, issn = {1791-7530}, mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/therapy/diagnosis ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; Telemedicine ; Monitoring, Physiologic/methods ; Delivery of Health Care ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Remote Patient Monitoring ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated a shift in healthcare delivery, emphasizing the need for remote patient monitoring (RPM) to minimize infection risks. This review aimed to evaluate the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in RPM for cancer patients, exploring its impact on patient outcomes and implications for future healthcare practices. A qualitative systematic review was conducted using keyword searches across four databases: Embase OVID, PubMed, PsychInfo, and Web of Science. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the selected studies underwent quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tools and a risk of bias assessment. A thematic analysis was then performed using Delve, an application that facilitates deductive coding, to identify and explore themes related to AI in RPM. The search yielded 170 papers, from which 11 quantitative studies were selected for detailed analysis. Deductive coding resulted in the generation of 12 codes, leading to the identification of six subthemes and the construction of two primary themes: Efficacy of the RPM intervention and patient factors. AI systems in RPM show significant potential for enhancing cancer patient care and outcomes. However, this review could not conclusively determine that RPM provides superior outcomes compared to traditional face-to-face care. The findings underscore the preliminary nature of AI in medicine, highlighting the need for larger-scale, long-term studies to fully understand the benefits and limitations of AI in RPM for cancer care.}, }
@article {pmid39889613, year = {2025}, author = {Hall, EJ and Ranse, J and Keijzers, G and Crilly, J}, title = {The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac related emergency department presentations: A scoping review.}, journal = {International emergency nursing}, volume = {79}, number = {}, pages = {101574}, doi = {10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101574}, pmid = {39889613}, issn = {1878-013X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics &amp; numerical data/organization &amp; administration ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Heart Diseases/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Acute cardiac conditions require timely assessment and management to optimise patient outcomes. It is important to understand whether changes in acute cardiac ED visits occurred in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive synthesis of published articles regarding the impact of the pandemic on acute cardiac-related ED presentations in terms of rates, patient demographics, ED clinical characteristics, and outcomes.<br><br>METHODS: A scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was undertaken. Four databases (Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Public Health Database (ProQuest)) were searched for articles published in English between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2022 that reported on acute cardiac-related ED presentation rates, comparing COVID-19 pandemic and non-pandemic time periods, for adult patients (18&#xa0;years and over), and demographics, and/or presentation characteristics, and/or outcomes.<br><br>RESULTS: Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. There was a significant decline in ED presentations for heart failure and myocardial infarction during 2020. Demographic, presentation characteristics and outcomes were inconsistently reported.<br><br>CONCLUSION: While there is variation and heterogeneity in the current available evidence, this data is helpful for informing clinicians and policy makers for future pandemics as well as providing a reference point for COVID-19 related research.}, }
@article {pmid39889481, year = {2025}, author = {Saha, A and Choudhary, S and Walia, P and Kumar, P and Tomar, S}, title = {Transformative approaches in SARS-CoV-2 management: Vaccines, therapeutics and future direction.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {604}, number = {}, pages = {110394}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110394}, pmid = {39889481}, issn = {1096-0341}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/therapy/immunology/virology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/drug effects/genetics ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Animals ; }, abstract = {The global healthcare and economic challenges caused by the pandemic of COVID-19 reinforced the urgent demand for quick and effective therapeutic and preventative interventions. While vaccines served as the frontline of defense, antivirals emerged as adjunctive countermeasures, especially for people who developed infection, were immunocompromised, or were reluctant to be vaccinated. Beyond the serious complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the threats of long-COVID and the potential for zoonotic spillover continue to be significant health concerns that cannot be overlooked. Moreover, the incessant viral evolution, clinical safety issues, waning immune responses, and the emergence of drug-resistant variants pinpoint towards more severe viral threats in the future and call for broad-spectrum innovative therapies as a pre-pandemic preparedness measure. The present review provides a comprehensive up-to-date overview of the strategies utilized in the development of classical and next-generation vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the clinical and experimental data obtained from clinical trials, while addressing safety risks that may arise. Besides vaccines, the review also covers recent breakthroughs in anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery, emphasizing druggable viral and host targets, virus- and host-targeting antivirals, and highlighting mechanistically representative molecules that are either approved or are under clinical investigation. In conclusion, the integration of both vaccines and antiviral therapies, along with swift innovative strategies to address viral evolution and drug resistance is crucial to strengthen our preparedness against future viral outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid39889365, year = {2025}, author = {Ribera Casado, JM and Cruz Jentoft, AJ}, title = {[Geriatric medicine in Spain's healthcare system: Past and future].}, journal = {Revista espanola de geriatria y gerontologia}, volume = {60}, number = {2}, pages = {101626}, doi = {10.1016/j.regg.2025.101626}, pmid = {39889365}, issn = {1578-1747}, mesh = {Spain ; COVID-19 ; *Geriatrics/trends/history/organization &amp; administration/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; Humans ; Pandemics ; *Delivery of Health Care/trends/organization &amp; administration ; Aged ; Forecasting ; *Health Services for the Aged/trends/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; *Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {Geriatrics is the medical specialty that cares for health problems of older persons, including acute care, chronic care and rehabilitation, in various settings such as the community, hospitals and long-term care. This article analyzes the situation of geriatric medicine in Spain before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the challenges and changes needed to improve geriatric care in the future. The first part of this paper describes the main landmarks of the Spanish health system. In 1986, a key law (Ley General de Sanidad) was approved by the Spanish Parliament, launching the development of the national health care system. In parallel, we describe and comment the development of geriatrics in Spain along this period is described. Later, the interactions between the health system and geriatrics along the next decades is reported, using 2020 (when started the COVID-19 pandemic started) as deadline of our past history. In the second part, the most important characteristics of the current situation of Spanish and European geriatric medicine are described, in order to propose ideas on how geriatric care can be designed and reimagined in the future.}, }
@article {pmid39888638, year = {2025}, author = {Canter, BE and Ulyte, A and McGarry, BE and Barnett, ML}, title = {Measures to Prevent and Control COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {JAMA health forum}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, pages = {e245175}, pmid = {39888638}, issn = {2689-0186}, support = {R01 AG075507/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/diagnosis ; *Skilled Nursing Facilities/statistics &amp; numerical data/organization &amp; administration ; Personal Protective Equipment/supply &amp; distribution ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States/epidemiology ; *Infection Control/methods ; }, abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) experienced high mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading them to adopt preventive measures to counteract viral spread. A critical appraisal of these measures is essential to support SNFs in managing future infectious disease outbreaks.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To perform a scoping review of data and evidence on the use and effectiveness of preventive measures implemented from 2020 to 2024 to prevent COVID-19 infection in SNFs in the US.<br><br>EVIDENCE REVIEW: Two analyses were performed. First, an analysis of the federal COVID-19 SNF Database was conducted to describe time trends in COVID-19 incidence, deaths, testing, vaccination, and treatment among SNF residents and staff, as well as shortages in staff and personal protective equipment (PPE). Then, a comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 2023 to April 2024 to identify high-quality evidence on the use and effectiveness of modifiable preventive measures used among SNF residents. Both nonpharmacologic (facility characteristics, PPE, cohorting, and isolation, visitation, staffing, testing) and pharmacologic (vaccination, treatment) measures were reviewed.<br><br>FINDINGS: Nationwide data indicated early shortages of PPE, infrequent testing, and persistent staff shortages in SNFs. Other nonpharmacologic measures, such as visitor restrictions or ventilation modifications, were widely adopted but there were no available national data to quantify their effectiveness. These nonpharmacologic measures lacked high-quality studies to verify effectiveness. In contrast, the effectiveness of vaccination and antiviral treatment was shown in multiple studies. Evidence also showed associations between COVID-19 outcomes in residents and crowding, staff size, hours per residents and networks, and surveillance testing of residents and staff. Despite high initial uptake, up-to-date vaccination status was suboptimal in residents and staff from 2022 to 2024. Only a minority of infected residents received antiviral treatment.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This scoping review found that although many preventive measures were implemented in SNFs in the US throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, few were based on clear evidence of their effectiveness. Pharmacologic measures, such as vaccination and antiviral treatment, had more robust evidence supporting their efficacy than nonpharmacologic interventions. Using the scarce resources and staff of SNFs on measures of questionable effectiveness could distract from known effective ones such as vaccination and antiviral treatment. When possible, implementation efforts should be commensurate with the demonstrated effectiveness of available preventive measures.}, }
@article {pmid39888379, year = {2025}, author = {Braun, J}, title = {[Chronic pain syndrome in musculoskeletal diseases-how different are fibromyalgia and long COVID?-Part 2].}, journal = {Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie}, volume = {84}, number = {4}, pages = {320-329}, pmid = {39888379}, issn = {1435-1250}, mesh = {Humans ; *Fibromyalgia/diagnosis/therapy ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology ; *Chronic Pain/diagnosis/therapy ; *Musculoskeletal Diseases/diagnosis/therapy ; Pain Measurement/methods ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Pandemics ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; }, abstract = {Acute and chronic pain play an important part in the care of patients with musculoskeletal diseases. For rheumatologists this represents a frequent challenge. For the management of chronic pain conditions in rheumatology those that cannot be explained by objective tissue damage are particularly important-which makes patients' subjective assessment of pain a central building block of the diagnosis. For the diagnosis of fibromyalgia (FM) standardized questionnaires such as the Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and the Symptom Severity Score (SSS) are used. In connection with the recent global SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic protracted courses and health problems have been described, which have been termed long COVID syndrome and have some similarities but, as is shown in the following, also demonstrate some differences from FM. There has recently been an interesting scientific controversy that culminated in a pros and cons session at the EULAR congress 2024, following several publications. The arguments and citations exchanged have served as the basis for the overview produced here, which is intended to offer rheumatologists confronted with such clinical pictures assistance with the assessment of these diseases, even if the results of the studies presented are definitely controversial.}, }
@article {pmid39888378, year = {2025}, author = {Braun, J}, title = {[Chronic pain syndrome in musculoskeletal diseases-how different are fibromyalgia and long Covid?-Part 1].}, journal = {Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie}, volume = {84}, number = {4}, pages = {312-319}, pmid = {39888378}, issn = {1435-1250}, mesh = {Humans ; *Fibromyalgia/diagnosis/therapy ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/complications/therapy ; *Chronic Pain/diagnosis/therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Musculoskeletal Diseases/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Chronic pain is a common problem in rheumatology. Nociceptive pain is distinguished from neuropathic and nociplastic pain. Mechanistically, the former is explained by persistent inflammation, for example. Included in the second category is nerve damage of various causes. In contrast, nociplastic pain is not caused by tissue damage or a lesion in the somatosensory nerve system. It is caused by an altered sensation of pain through the modulation of stimulus processing. The concept of central sensitization, together with further neurobiological and psychosocial mechanisms, best explains such pain conditions. Fibromyalgia (FM) plays a big part in rheumatology - on the one hand, as a differential diagnosis, and on the other, because the management of inflammatory rheumatic conditions is made more difficult by the simultaneous occurrence of FM. In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, persistent pain syndromes with similarities to FM have been described after COVID-19 infection. There is an increasing scientific controversy whether the so-called long Covid syndrome is an actual entity or "only" a variant of FM. This discussion and the current state of knowledge on the problem are the subject of this review.}, }
@article {pmid39887891, year = {2025}, author = {Newbern, EC and Wildisen, L and Verstraeten, R and Willame, C and Haynes, K and Levitan, B and Praet, N}, title = {Quantitative Benefit-Risk Assessment of Vaccination Against COVID-19: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, pages = {e70099}, pmid = {39887891}, issn = {1099-1557}, support = {//Janssen Pharmaceuticals/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment/methods ; *Vaccination/methods/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: With the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines, there has been a proliferation of quantitative benefit-risk assessments (qBRAs). Prior work on other types of vaccines has found that published qBRAs have not always clearly reported methods and/or results needed to assist in the application of the qBRA findings. The aim was to systematically identify, review, and critically assess published COVID-19 vaccine qBRA. The ultimate goal is to support the future development of robust qBRA for existing, new, and updated vaccines.<br><br>METHODS: We systematically reviewed COVID-19 vaccine qBRAs identified from multiple sources through April 17, 2023, including literature databases, selected Health Authority websites, and a grey literature search. We critically assessed whether key features typical of qBRA were presented in these reports.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 37 COVID-19 vaccine qBRAs from screening 2220 publications and 18 other sources. The qBRAs were conducted on two mRNA and two adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines. Only one qBRA represented low- and middle-income countries. Although many qBRAs used simple calculations (n = 25), more complex models were presented in 15 reports. Simple approaches were able to employ stratification by age and/or sex to highlight safety issues affecting specific demographic groups and scenarios to account for changes in viral transmission and vaccine effectiveness over time. Details regarding data sources and analytic methods were missing or limited in some reports.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive description and critical assessment of COVID-19 vaccine qBRAs together with available guidance can be used to support the development of robust and transparent future vaccine qBRAs.}, }
@article {pmid39887362, year = {2025}, author = {Ching, BCF and Downs, J and Zhang, S and Abdul Cader, H and Penhallow, J and Voraite, E and Popnikolova, T and Wickersham, A and Parlatini, V and Simonoff, E}, title = {Research Review: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and young people with pre-existing mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions - a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.}, journal = {Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.14117}, pmid = {39887362}, issn = {1469-7610}, support = {MR/W006820/1/MRF/MRF/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews have suggested mixed effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and young people. However, most included studies focused on the general population and were cross-sectional. The long-term impact on those with pre-existing mental health and/or neurodevelopmental conditions remains unclear. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the longitudinal impact of the pandemic on the mental health of this clinical population and potential explanatory factors.<br><br>METHODS: Ovid Medline, Embase, APA PsycInfo and Global Health databases were searched between 1 January 2020 and 3 August 2023 (PROSPERO CRD42022383546). We included longitudinal studies that compared mental health symptoms between pre- and during pandemic and/or during pandemic timepoints in children and young people (&#x2264;18&#x2009;years old) with pre-existing mental and/or neurodevelopmental conditions. Outcomes included internalising, externalising and other symptoms. Risk of bias was rated using an adapted tool. Included studies were narratively synthesised and multi-level meta-analyses were conducted where the number of studies was sufficient.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 21 studies (N&#x2009;=&#x2009;2,617) from 6,083 records. Studies differed across countries, diagnoses, measures, informants and timepoints. All had overall moderate-to-high risk of bias. Narrative synthesis found mixed evidence of symptom change, with individual studies showing increase/reduction/no change. Factors such as diagnosis, baseline symptom severity, age and sex/gender may explain variation in outcomes. Multi-level meta-analyses were feasible for a limited number of outcomes and found no significant changes in internalising and externalising symptoms pre- versus during pandemic or internalising symptoms between 2020 pandemic phases, and high heterogeneity was noted.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The impact of the pandemic on the mental health of children and young people with pre-existing conditions varied according to individual and contextual vulnerabilities, which were not fully captured in pooled analyses. Further research needs to investigate longer-term impacts and better stratify this vulnerable population.}, }
@article {pmid39887238, year = {2025}, author = {Rodriguez, E and Tzeng, Y-L and Berry, I and Howie, R and McNamara, L and Stephens, DS}, title = {Progression of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria meningitidis.}, journal = {Clinical microbiology reviews}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {e0021524}, pmid = {39887238}, issn = {1098-6618}, support = {R01 AI127863/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AI164733/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01AI127863,R21AI164733//HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; }, mesh = {*Neisseria meningitidis/drug effects/genetics ; Humans ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Meningococcal Infections/drug therapy/microbiology/epidemiology ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {SUMMARYThe human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is the causative agent of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), usually presenting as meningitis, bacteremia, or sepsis. Unlike Neisseria gonorrhoeae, antibiotic resistance in Nm has developed slowly. However, in the last two decades and with the reemergence of IMD following the COVID-19 pandemic, antibiotic-resistant Nm isolates, especially to penicillin and fluoroquinolones, have progressively increased. Recent worldwide studies of penicillin intermediate and resistant Nm isolates and the PubMLST global database reveal a notable increase in fully penicillin-resistant isolates since 2016, mediated by mosaic penA alleles or the β-lactamase genes blaROB-1 and blaTEM-1. Fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates, mediated by gyrA mutations, have increased since 2005. Also, while still exceptionally rare, four Nm isolates have been identified with third-generation cephalosporin-resistance since 2011. We review the emergence of antibiotic resistance determinants and lineages in Nm, the resistance to agents previously or currently used in treatment or chemoprophylaxis, and summarize updated treatment and prevention guidelines for IMD. Special populations (e.g., individuals on complement inhibitors) and antibiotic resistance in Nm urethritis isolates are also reviewed. The increasing number of resistant Nm isolates worldwide affects chemoprophylaxis and treatment options for IMD and emphasizes the need for enhanced global surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Nm.}, }
@article {pmid39886482, year = {2025}, author = {Han, Y and Dai, Y and Wang, K and Zhang, X and Shao, Z and Zhu, X}, title = {Post-pandemic insights on COVID-19 and premature ovarian insufficiency.}, journal = {Open life sciences}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {20221028}, pmid = {39886482}, issn = {2391-5412}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). This overview examines the possible interactions between COVID-19 and POI, while also suggesting preventive measures. The viral infection's inflammatory response and immune dysregulation may adversely affect ovarian tissues, leading to inflammation and damage. Additionally, alterations in vascular function could impair ovarian blood flow and hormonal imbalances may disrupt normal ovarian function. Long-term health effects, such as "long COVID," may exacerbate these issues through chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction. Public health measures, such as vaccination and home isolation, may indirectly protect ovarian health by reducing systemic inflammation. Vaccines could mitigate the severity of COVID-19's impact on ovarian function, while isolation may reduce stress and inflammation. However, further research is needed to validate these mechanisms.}, }
@article {pmid39885384, year = {2025}, author = {Liu, Y and Zhang, Z and Zhou, L and Lin, T and Zhang, R and Li, M and Chen, S and Liu, X and Liu, X}, title = {Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {141}, pmid = {39885384}, issn = {1471-2334}, support = {82070084//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2020B1111340001//Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Critical Illness ; Intensive Care Units/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; *Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; *Diabetes Complications/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the intensive care unit (ICU), invasive aspergillosis (IA) has a poor prognosis. Some studies report a positive association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and IA in critically ill patients, but the relationship between DM and IA in the ICU remains controversial. We aimed to clarify the relationship between DM and IA among patients in the ICU in a systematic review and meta-analysis.<br><br>METHODS: We retrieved all reports published in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases before July 12, 2023. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the relationship between DM and IA. Subgroup analyses were conducted to further analyze sources of heterogeneity. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran's Q test and I[2] statistic. Additionally, we evaluated publication bias using funnel plots, Egger's test, and Begg's test. Finally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty studies with 6155 participants were included in this meta-analysis. We found a positive association between DM and IA among patients in the ICU (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.18, 95% CI:1.01 to 1.39; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.04). The heterogeneity was not significant (I&#xb2; = 5%; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.39) and publication bias was not significant (Egger's test: p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.654; Begg's test: p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.417). The results of sensitivity analysis supported a stable association between DM and IA. Subgroup analysis indicated that patients' comorbidities might be a potential source of heterogeneity. Additionally, patients with DM had a significantly higher risk of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) than those without DM (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.40, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.70; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). The heterogeneity was not significant (I&#xb2; = 0%; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.91). In the subgroup with influenza, the OR of the relationship between DM and IA was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.23; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.32; heterogeneity: p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.36; I&#xb2; = 8%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Patients with DM in the ICU showed a higher risk of developing IA than patients in the ICU without DM. DM was a significant risk factor for IA, with the highest risk observed in critically ill patients diagnosed with CAPA.}, }
@article {pmid39884914, year = {2025}, author = {Hiti, L and Markovič, T and Lainscak, M and Farkaš Lainščak, J and Pal, E and Mlinarič-Raščan, I}, title = {The immunopathogenesis of a cytokine storm: The key mechanisms underlying severe COVID-19.}, journal = {Cytokine &amp; growth factor reviews}, volume = {82}, number = {}, pages = {1-17}, doi = {10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.12.003}, pmid = {39884914}, issn = {1879-0305}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/pathology ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology/pathology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {A cytokine storm is marked by excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and has emerged as a key factor in severe COVID-19 cases - making it a critical therapeutic target. However, its pathophysiology was poorly understood, which hindered effective treatment. SARS-CoV-2 initially disrupts angiotensin signalling, promoting inflammation through ACE-2 downregulation. Some patients' immune systems then fail to shift from innate to adaptive immunity, suppressing interferon responses and leading to excessive pyroptosis and neutrophil activation. This amplifies tissue damage and inflammation, creating a pro-inflammatory loop. The result is the disruption of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balances, lymphocyte exhaustion, and extensive blood clotting. Cytokine storm treatments include glucocorticoids to suppress the immune system, monoclonal antibodies to neutralize specific cytokines, and JAK inhibitors to block cytokine receptor signalling. However, the most effective treatment options for mitigating SARS-CoV-2 infection remain vaccines as a preventive measure and antiviral drugs for the early stages of infection. This article synthesizes insights into immune dysregulation in COVID-19, offering a framework to better understand cytokine storms and to improve monitoring, biomarker discovery, and treatment strategies for COVID-19 and other conditions involving cytokine storms.}, }
@article {pmid39884724, year = {2025}, author = {Sabahelzain, MM and Dwyer, H and Abimbola, S and Leask, J}, title = {Implications of conflict on vaccination in the Sahel region.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39884724}, issn = {2059-7908}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination Coverage/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Armed Conflicts ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention &amp; control ; Immunization Programs ; Mali ; }, abstract = {The Sahel region is a geographical belt in Africa that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea, between the Sahara Desert in the north and the Savannah in the south. It is characterised by challenging environmental crises and conflicts. This analysis highlights the potential implications of conflict on vaccination across five Sahel countries, including Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger and Sudan, from 2019 to 2023. It also presents recommendations to improve vaccination coverage in these settings. The WHO Immunisation Data Portal was used to extract data about vaccination coverage and disease outbreaks. With the increasing complexity of humanitarian access in the Sahel, there has been an accumulation of the number of zero-dose and underimmunised children. In 2023 alone, most of these countries had a significant proportion of zero-dose children, particularly Sudan (43%), Mali (22%) and Chad (16%). Nearly half of children in Sudan (49%), 33% in Chad and 23% in Mali are underimmunised. Measles vaccine coverage was consistently below 90% in these countries, except for Burkina Faso. The trend of polio outbreaks (circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus) across these countries showed fluctuations in the number of cases, with Niger having reported several cases over this period, and Chad having 101 cases reported in 2020 alone. Despite relatively high coverage, there were significant outbreaks of polio in Burkina Faso, Sudan and Mali in 2020, which reflects the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lessons can be learnt from past diplomatic and programmatic successes, while investments in innovative and flexible approaches may help increase the reach of vaccination programmes in inaccessible areas.}, }
@article {pmid39884720, year = {2025}, author = {Terry, P and Heidel, RE and Wilson, AQ and Dhand, R}, title = {Risk of long covid in patients with pre-existing chronic respiratory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMJ open respiratory research}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39884720}, issn = {2052-4439}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *Asthma/epidemiology/complications ; *Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; Chronic Disease ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: An estimated 10-30% of people with COVID-19 experience debilitating long-term symptoms or long covid. Underlying health conditions associated with chronic inflammation may increase the risk of long covid.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether long covid risk was altered by pre-existing asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults. We identified studies by searching the PubMed and Embase databases from inception to 13 September 2024. We excluded studies that focused on children or defined long covid only in terms of respiratory symptoms. We used random-effects, restricted maximum likelihood models to analyse data pooled from 51 studies, which included 43 analyses of asthma and 30 analyses of COPD. The risk of bias was assessed using a ROBINS-E table.<br><br>RESULTS: We found 41% increased odds of long covid with pre-existing asthma (95% CI 1.29 to 1.54); pre-existing COPD was associated with 32% increased odds (95% CI 1.16 to 1.51). Pre-existing asthma, but not COPD, was associated with increased odds of long covid-associated fatigue. We observed heterogeneity in the results of studies of asthma related to hospitalisation status. Potential confounding and inconsistent measurement of exposure and outcome variables were among the identified limitations.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that pre-existing asthma and COPD increase the risk of long covid, including chronic fatigue outcomes in patients with asthma. Because COVID-19 targets the respiratory tract, these inflammatory conditions of the lower respiratory tract could provide mechanistic clues to a common pathway for the development of long-term sequelae in patients with long covid.}, }
@article {pmid39884502, year = {2025}, author = {Yan, Y and Shang, L and Xu, J and Gu, X and Fan, G and Wang, Y and Cao, B}, title = {The prevalence and outcomes of viremia in patients with acute respiratory viral infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2025.01.027}, pmid = {39884502}, issn = {1469-0691}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Viremia has been detected in a significant proportion of patients with acute respiratory viral infection, yet its clinical value remains underappreciated.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This study synthesized available evidence to comprehensively assess the prevalence of viremia and its impact on clinical outcomes.<br><br>METHODS: Data sources: Data were retrieved from Medline (via Ovid), Embase, and the WHO COVID-19 database.<br><br>STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: This review included original clinical studies analysing the prevalence of viremia in patients with acute respiratory viral infection or its association with clinical outcomes, while excluding non-original research, insufficiently detailed studies, inconsistent pathogen observations, or those with inadequate sample sizes.<br><br>PARTICIPANTS: Patients with acute respiratory viral infection.<br><br>ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF BIAS: Newcastle-Ottawa scale and an adapted version were used.<br><br>EXPOSURE: Respiratory viral infection-related viremia.<br><br>METHODS OF DATA SYNTHESIS: Data synthesis utilized random-effects models to pool prevalence and hazard ratio (HR), OR, and adjusted HR/OR for clinical outcomes.<br><br>RESULTS: In the comprehensive analysis of viremia prevalence, data were pooled from 101 studies, which included a total of 16,388 non-overlapping patients. Viremia was present in 34% (95% CI, 28-41%) of patients with acute respiratory viral infection. A total of 45 studies provided information on the clinical outcomes of 2002 patients with viremia and 3907 patients without viremia. Viremia was associated with increased risks of mortality (OR, 6.83; 95% CI, 4.92-9.48; adjusted HR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.87-4.53; adjusted OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 2.37-5.71), intensive care unit admission (OR, 4.74; 95% CI, 2.66-8.46; adjusted OR, 4.89; 95% CI, 1.61-14.91), mechanical ventilation (OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 2.25-7.52), and hepatic complications (OR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.30-7.40).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Viremia is prevalent in patients with respiratory viral infection and is associated with elevated risks of adverse clinical outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39884161, year = {2025}, author = {Bhuiyan, MSA and Gupta, SD and Silip, JJ and Talukder, S and Haque, MH and Forwood, JK and Sarker, S}, title = {Current trends and future potential in the detection of avian coronaviruses: An emphasis on sensors-based technologies.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {604}, number = {}, pages = {110399}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110399}, pmid = {39884161}, issn = {1096-0341}, mesh = {Animals ; *Biosensing Techniques/methods/trends ; *Infectious bronchitis virus/isolation &amp; purification/genetics ; *Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis/veterinary/virology ; *Poultry Diseases/diagnosis/virology ; Poultry ; Birds ; }, abstract = {Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), an avian coronavirus, member of the genus Gammacoronavirus, poses significant threats to poultry health, causing severe respiratory, reproductive, and renal infections. The genetic diversity of IBV, driven by mutations, recombination and deletions, has led to the emergence of numerous serotypes and genotypes, complicating both diagnosis and control measures. Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools are essential for effective disease management and minimizing economic losses. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as PCR, virus isolation, and serological assays, are hindered by limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and turnaround time. In contrast, innovative biosensor platforms employing advanced detection mechanisms-including electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric sensors-offer a transformative solution. These technologies provide portable, highly sensitive, and rapid diagnostic platforms for IBV detection. Beyond addressing the challenges of conventional methods, these biosensor-based approaches facilitate real-time monitoring and enhance disease surveillance. This review highlights the transformative potential of biosensors and their integration into diagnostic strategies for avian coronavirus infections, presenting them as a promising alternative for precise and efficient IBV detection.}, }
@article {pmid39883362, year = {2025}, author = {Mai, KL and Pan, WQ and Lin, ZS and Wang, Y and Yang, ZF}, title = {Pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection at the extremes of age: decipher the ominous tales of immune vulnerability.}, journal = {Advanced biotechnology}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {5}, pmid = {39883362}, issn = {2948-2801}, support = {82361168672//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82174053//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82341099//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; FDCT0111/2023/AFJ//Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau SAR, China/ ; 005/2022/ALC//Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau SAR, China/ ; 0045/2021/A//Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau SAR, China/ ; SKLRD-OP-202209//Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease/ ; SRPG22-007//Self-supporting Program of Guangzhou Laboratory/ ; }, abstract = {The co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 has led to co-infection events, primarily affecting children and older adults, who are at higher risk for severe disease. Although co-infection prevalence is relatively low, it is associated with worse outcomes compared to mono-infections. Previous studies have shown that the outcomes of co-infection depend on multiple factors, including viral interference, virus-host interaction and host response. Children and the elderly exhibit distinct patterns of antiviral response, which involve airway epithelium, mucociliary clearance, innate and adaptive immune cells, and inflammatory mediators. This review explores the pathogeneses of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infection, focusing on the antiviral responses in children and the elderly. By comparing immature immunity in children and immune senescence in older adults, we aim to provide insights for the clinical management of severe co-infection cases.}, }
@article {pmid39883190, year = {2025}, author = {Goel, AR and Yalcindag, A}, title = {An Update on Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.}, journal = {Current rheumatology reports}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, pages = {16}, pmid = {39883190}, issn = {1534-6307}, mesh = {Humans ; *Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy/drug therapy/etiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnosis/complications/therapy ; Child ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/diagnosis ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: To summarize the latest research on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The epidemiology of MIS-C has been dynamic since its initial description. The pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Case definitions of MIS-C have evolved over time, and practice patterns for treating MIS-C are variable with generally positive long-term outcomes yet persistent changes noted. MIS-C has become less prevalent and less severe over time, yet racial and ethnic disparities persist, and vaccination against COVID-19 is highly effective in preventing this disease. The link between acute infection and subsequent inflammation is not well understood, with growing evidence describing its immunologic signature. Newer case definitions require excluding other inflammatory conditions, including Kawasaki Disease (KD), before diagnosing MIS-C. Corticosteroid monotherapy may be non-inferior to IVIg alone or combination IVIg plus corticosteroids for initial treatment, distinguishing the approaches to MIS-C and KD. A wide range of biologic therapies have been employed for rescue therapy with general success and no clear benefit of one over another. Despite reports of a high rate of coronary artery abnormality regression and resolution of heart failure, long-term studies suggest persistent changes to cardiac function. The long-term effects of MIS-C continue to be active areas of research.}, }
@article {pmid39882684, year = {2025}, author = {Joshi, R and Kilinsky, A}, title = {HPV vaccine hesitancy in the United States.}, journal = {Current opinion in pediatrics}, volume = {37}, number = {2}, pages = {198-204}, pmid = {39882684}, issn = {1531-698X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; United States ; *Papillomavirus Infections/prevention &amp; control ; Adolescent ; *Parents/psychology ; COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Female ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology ; Vaccination/psychology ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common STI and accounts for roughly 37 000 HPV-associated cancers annually in the United States. Despite documented safety and effectiveness of the HPV vaccine, vaccination rates should be higher. We summarize literature surrounding vaccine hesitancy, a main reason for suboptimal vaccine coverage. We aim to describe the complex factors that lead to hesitancy in order to support improvement of vaccination rates in our communities.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Studies document sustained immunogenicity and effectiveness 10&#x200a;years post HPV vaccination. Vaccine coverage was rising until 2022, when initiation declined. Primary reasons for hesitancy are: perceived lack of provider recommendation, a lack of parental knowledge and necessity especially if an adolescent is not sexually active, and safety concerns. The COVID-19 pandemic challenged access to care and exacerbated vaccine-related discourse. Studies of hesitant adopters reveal that social processes, including conversations with community members, have a substantial impact on decisions to vaccinate.<br><br>SUMMARY: We highlight recent literature behind parental hesitancy toward the HPV vaccine, focusing on concerns about its necessity and safety, exacerbated by medical mistrust and misinformation. We summarize findings of successful educational outreach and community-based interventions to improve vaccination rates in the postpandemic social media era.}, }
@article {pmid39882682, year = {2025}, author = {Coleman, M and Khan, PY and Linde, L and Williams, PCM and Marais, BJ}, title = {Transgression of planetary boundaries and the effects on child health through an infectious diseases lens.}, journal = {Current opinion in pediatrics}, volume = {37}, number = {2}, pages = {124-136}, doi = {10.1097/MOP.0000000000001442}, pmid = {39882682}, issn = {1531-698X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Child Health ; Child ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Global Health ; Climate Change ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Earth, Planet ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Life on earth, as we know it, is changing. The likelihood of more frequent pandemics and disease outbreaks is something that current global healthcare infrastructure is ill equipped to navigate. Human activity is forcing our planet into a new geologic epoch, the Anthropocene, which is typified by increased uncertainty resulting from human disruption of earth's life-giving ecosystems. Plagues and pandemics have always been unfortunate partners to periods of disruption, as they will be again if the frequency and severity of climate and conflict-mediated disasters increase in coming years. If we continue to exceed and degrade the planetary boundaries that protect human health, our children and their children will reap the consequences.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Scientists have defined nine 'safe operating' planetary boundaries for life in all its glorious diversity to thrive on planet earth. Recent evidence suggests that six of these nine boundaries have already been transgressed, but the potential implications for these transgressions upon child health is not well articulated. We highlight how contravention of these boundaries will impact infectious disease risk and humans' ability to survive and thrive. We reflect specifically on how paediatricians are called upon to speak up for the most vulnerable members of our species, young children and as yet unborn future generations.<br><br>SUMMARY: Post COVID-19 initiatives to improve pandemic preparedness and response are certainly warranted, but pandemic prevention should include committed efforts not to exceed safe planetary boundaries. Willingly exceeding these boundaries has deep moral consequences that are poorly articulated by current ethical frameworks. Paediatricians are best placed to develop and champion the neglected 'third dimension' of medical ethics, recognizing the moral imperative to protect the long-term best interests of children and future generations.}, }
@article {pmid39882636, year = {2024}, author = {Arnoldi, K}, title = {Growing Pains: The Incidence and Prevalence of Myopia from 1950 to 2050.}, journal = {Journal of binocular vision and ocular motility}, volume = {74}, number = {4}, pages = {118-121}, doi = {10.1080/2576117X.2024.2387379}, pmid = {39882636}, issn = {2576-1218}, mesh = {Humans ; Prevalence ; Incidence ; *Myopia/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Disease Progression ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Global Health ; }, abstract = {Myopia has been included as one of the five serious ocular conditions leading to blindness. Prevalence of myopia (between -0.50D and -5.75D) is only of concern because it tends to progress. The incidence of high myopia and pathologic myopia are directly correlated to the prevalence of myopia. Recent studies have concluded that the mean age of onset of myopia is decreasing, the progression interval and the rate of progression is increasing, and the prevalence of high myopia is increasing in older age groups. These epidemiological changes have been associated with global urbanization. High myopia and older age are two primary risk factors for potentially blinding pathologic myopia. The prevalence of myopia by the year 2050 has been estimated to be 50%. Twenty-percent of those myopic individuals are projected to have high myopia. However, these calculations were made in 2016, prior to the COVID-19 quarantine and the increase in extreme climate events. Recent global events have resulted in permanent shifts in lifestyle that may accelerate the development and progression of myopia.}, }
@article {pmid39882453, year = {2024}, author = {Xu, H and Lu, T and Liu, Y and Yang, J and Ren, S and Han, B and Lai, H and Ge, L and Liu, J}, title = {Prevalence and risk factors for long COVID among cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in oncology}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {1506366}, pmid = {39882453}, issn = {2234-943X}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of long COVID among cancer patients remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of long COVID and explore potential risk factors among cancer patients.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from database inception until 21 March 2024, to identify studies that reported long COVID in cancer patients. Two investigators independently screened the studies and extracted all information about long COVID in cancer patients for subsequent analysis. Methodological quality was assessed using the "Joannagen Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data".<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 13 studies involving 6,653 patients were included. The pooled prevalence of long COVID was 23.52% [95% confidence interval (CI), 12.14% to 40.64%] among cancer patients reported experiencing long COVID after acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The pooled prevalence of any long COVID in cancer patients was 20.51% (95% CI, 15.91% to 26.03%), 15.79% (95% CI, 11.39% to 21.47%), and 12.54% (95% CI, 6.38% to 23.18%) in 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up duration. Fatigue was the most common symptom, followed by respiratory symptoms, myalgia, and sleep disturbance. Patients with comorbidities had a significantly higher risk of experiencing long COVID [odds ratio (OR) = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.70; p = 0.019]. No statistically significant differences in sex, primary tumor, or tumor stage were detected.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Nearly a quarter of cancer patients will experience long COVID after surviving from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this would even last for 1 year or longer. Fatigue, respiratory symptoms, myalgia, and sleep disturbance need to be more addressed and managed to reduce symptom burden on cancer patients and improve quality of life. Patients with comorbidities are at a high risk of developing long COVID. Further randomized controlled trials with rigorous methodological designs and large sample sizes are needed for future validation.<br><br>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023456665.}, }
@article {pmid39882369, year = {2024}, author = {Pierson, BC and Apilado, K and Franzos, MA and Allard, R and Mancuso, JD and Tribble, D and Saunders, D and Koehlmoos, TP}, title = {Oral medications for the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; a systematic review of studies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Frontiers in neurology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1515486}, pmid = {39882369}, issn = {1664-2295}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a complex form of dysautonomia that presents with abnormal autonomic reflexes upon standing, leading to symptoms such as lightheadedness, tachycardia, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought renewed attention to POTS due to its overlap with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Studies have found that a substantial percentage of COVID-19 survivors exhibit symptoms resembling POTS, elevating POTS diagnoses to previously unseen levels. We systematically reviewed the literature for existing high-quality evidence on potential interventions.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify studies of oral medications for the management of POTS. We searched for published manuscripts on the medical management of POTS through 6 April 2024 which met pre-specified inclusion criteria. We conducted quality appraisal and assessed risk of bias before extracting the data and performing synthesis to determine the current state of the evidence; particularly in the context of PASC.<br><br>RESULTS: The study search and selection process identified 32 studies that met inclusion criteria, comprising randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews. Most included studies were judged to be of moderate to high quality, with largely low risk of bias. The most frequently studied medications were beta-blockers, ivabradine, and midodrine. Ivabradine and midodrine demonstrated the highest rate of symptomatic improvement, while beta-blockers showed the largest reduction in heart rate variability. Limited evidence was available for PASC-associated POTS, but findings suggest that treatments may have similar efficacy in both PASC and non-PASC cases.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Ivabradine, midodrine, and beta-blockers currently appear to be reasonable front-line choices in pharmacologic management of POTS (PASC associated and otherwise). Further RCTs that evaluate long term outcomes of medications are needed to further establish evidence based pharmacologic treatment approaches for POTS. Particular areas of inquiry include differential efficacy of recommended therapies based on POTS subtypes, and a need for treatments directly targeting the underlying autonomic nervous system dysfunction.<br><br>PROSPERO, identifier CRD42024505967, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=505967.}, }
@article {pmid39882125, year = {2024}, author = {Akokuwebe, ME and Palamuleni, ME and Idemudia, ES}, title = {Population dynamics and digitalization: implications for COVID-19 data sources in South Africa-a scoping review.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1537057}, pmid = {39882125}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; South Africa/epidemiology ; *Population Dynamics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; *Digital Technology ; Information Sources ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The study explores how humanity influences the development of digitalization on population dynamics during the changing times of the Covid-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Fifteen full-text articles were selected from 40 identified studies (2020-2023).<br><br>RESULTS: Three themes emerged: (1) influence of humanity on the development of digitalization on population dynamics during changing times, (2) technical and ethical challenges, and (3) solutions to these challenges.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Findings highlight the need for new opportunities for distinctive technical and ethical challenges in creating larger digital databases for population dynamics and how these databases may contribute to the advancement of population fields.}, }
@article {pmid39881814, year = {2024}, author = {Luo, EY and Chuen-Chung Chang, R and Gilbert-Jaramillo, J}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 infection in microglia and its sequelae: What do we know so far?.}, journal = {Brain, behavior, &amp; immunity - health}, volume = {42}, number = {}, pages = {100888}, pmid = {39881814}, issn = {2666-3546}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the COVID-19 pandemic. After the success of therapeutics and worldwide vaccination, the long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infections are yet to be determined. Common symptoms of COVID-19 include the loss of taste and smell, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 infection has a potentially detrimental effect on neurons within the olfactory/taste pathways, with direct access to the central nervous system (CNS). This could explain the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens in the brains of COVID-19 patients. Different viruses display neurotropism that causes impaired neurodevelopment and/or neurodegeneration. Hence, it is plausible that COVID-19-associated neuropathologies are directly driven by SARS-CoV-2 infection in the CNS. Microglia, resident immune cells of the brain, are constantly under investigation as their surveillance role has been suggested to act as a friend or a foe impacting the progression of neurological disorders. Herein, we review the current literature suggesting microglia potentially been a susceptible target by SARS-CoV-2 virions and their role in viral dissemination within the CNS. Particular attention is given to the different experimental models and their translational potential.}, }
@article {pmid39881479, year = {2025}, author = {Cuesta-Gómez, JL and Gatica-Bahamonde, G and Ruggieri, V and Roman-Urrestarazu, A and van Kessel, R}, title = {COVID-19, Autism, and Isolation: Good Practices for Continuity of Care During the Pandemic.}, journal = {Social work in public health}, volume = {40}, number = {3}, pages = {119-132}, doi = {10.1080/19371918.2025.2449966}, pmid = {39881479}, issn = {1937-190X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Social Isolation/psychology ; *Continuity of Patient Care/organization &amp; administration ; *Autistic Disorder/psychology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, and particularly the associated conditions of isolation, has detrimental effects on the mental health of the population that are not yet fully understood. Variables such as individual stress, anxiety, and tolerance to uncertainty may play a role in the ability of individuals to adapt to the isolation situation. In this context, it is necessary to pay attention to population groups that present difficulties in adapting to this situation of uncertainty, such as people with autism. This narrative review of the evidence has as objectives to explore (1) the effect that the autism community has experienced as a result of the lockdown and isolation due to COVID-19; and (2) opportunities for health, educational, and social services providers to support people with autism and their families in isolation in an attempt to ensure that specialized interventions continue as much as possible. We map suggestions regarding information delivery, time management at home, recognition and emotional expression, and some suggestions to maintain support with service providers.}, }
@article {pmid39881469, year = {2025}, author = {Patel, H and Kukol, A}, title = {Harnessing viral internal proteins to combat flu and beyond.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {604}, number = {}, pages = {110414}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110414}, pmid = {39881469}, issn = {1096-0341}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; *Viral Proteins/metabolism/genetics/chemistry/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; *Influenza A virus/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; *Influenza, Human/drug therapy/virology ; Drug Discovery ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; }, abstract = {This mini-review examines the strategy of combining viral protein sequence conservation with drug-binding potential to identify novel antiviral targets, focusing on internal proteins of influenza A and other RNA viruses. The importance of combating viral genetic variability and reducing the likelihood of resistance development is emphasised in the context of sequence redundancy in viral datasets. It covers recent structural and functional updates, as well as drug targeting efforts for three internal influenza A viral proteins: Basic Polymerase 2, Nuclear Export Protein, and Nucleoprotein. The review discusses new insights into protein interactions, potential inhibitors, and recent drug discovery efforts. Similar approaches beyond influenza including Hepatitis E, SARS-CoV-2, Dengue, and the HIV-1 virus are also covered briefly.}, }
@article {pmid39881071, year = {2025}, author = {Selvaggi, L and Pata, F and Pellino, G and Podda, M and Di Saverio, S and De Luca, GM and Sperlongano, P and Selvaggi, F and Nardo, B}, title = {Acute appendicitis and its treatment: a historical overview.}, journal = {International journal of colorectal disease}, volume = {40}, number = {1}, pages = {28}, pmid = {39881071}, issn = {1432-1262}, mesh = {*Appendicitis/history/surgery/therapy ; Humans ; History, Ancient ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; *Appendectomy/history/methods ; History, Medieval ; History, 18th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 15th Century ; History, 17th Century ; Acute Disease ; Laparoscopy/history ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: Acute appendicitis (AA) is the leading cause of acute abdomen worldwide, with an incidence of 90-100 cases per 100,000 individuals annually and a lifetime risk of 7-12%. Despite its prevalence, historical accounts of AA are limited, particularly when compared to conditions like haemorrhoids, likely due to the appendix's internal location. This article traces the historical evolution of AA treatment from ancient times to the present, highlighting key contributions.<br><br>METHODS: A review of common research databases and relevant literature on AA was conducted.<br><br>RESULTS: Evidence from ancient Egypt suggests early recognition of the appendix, referring to it as the "worm of the bowel." However, detailed anatomical descriptions and treatment approaches for AA did not emerge until the Renaissance, particularly with contributions from Leonardo da Vinci and Berengario da Carpi. The article traces the progression of AA management, including the first autopsies and surgeries, the development of surgical techniques predating anaesthesia and antisepsis, and advancements achieved from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century. The shift from conservative to surgical approaches is discussed, alongside innovations such as laparoscopic appendicectomy, single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS), natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), and endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on AA treatment, including adaptations in medical practices, is also explored.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the significant historical developments in AA treatment and its pivotal role in advancing abdominal surgery.}, }
@article {pmid39880701, year = {2025}, author = {Nunn, K and Fitzgerald, DA}, title = {Longer term psychological trauma following the COVID-19 pandemic for children and families.}, journal = {Paediatric respiratory reviews}, volume = {53}, number = {}, pages = {23-29}, doi = {10.1016/j.prrv.2024.12.002}, pmid = {39880701}, issn = {1526-0550}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Child ; *Psychological Trauma/psychology/epidemiology/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Family/psychology ; *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {The psychological trauma following COVID-19 has been lengthy and fraught for some children and their families. The specific problems encountered by children rendered helpless and hopeless by watching others suffer, vicarious traumatisation, is explained in brief as it represents a central motif in clinical work in psychology. This paper will focus on what is known of the nature of psychological trauma in children and families with a focus on the individual clinical manifestations of personal significance. As a backdrop, consideration will be given to the epidemiological trends of psychological morbidity in and around the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the article seeks to provide readers with an appreciation of the dimensions of the neural legacy of COVID-19, a form of neurodisability developing in vulnerable children at a point in time, that is likely to emerge in children suffering an enduring trauma response.}, }
@article {pmid39880582, year = {2025}, author = {Lu, S and Zhang, Y and Wei, S and Li, J and Li, M and Ying, J and Mu, D and Shi, Y and Li, Y and Wu, X}, title = {Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pregnancy and the post-partum period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {The journal of maternal-fetal &amp; neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {2457002}, doi = {10.1080/14767058.2025.2457002}, pmid = {39880582}, issn = {1476-4954}, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods/mortality/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/therapy ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy Outcome ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: There is an increase in the application data of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) in perinatal women, particularly since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019. Therefore, we reviewed publications on the use of ECMO in pregnant and postpartum women and analyzed the maternal and fetal outcomes, updated the progress of ECMO in perinatal women.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search across PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the International Clinical Trials Registry (ICTRP), yielding 30 eligible clinical studies that investigated the application of ECMO during pregnancy. A comprehensive data extraction process was implemented to retrieve information from these selected studies. A single rate analysis on material survival, material harmonic compilations, and fetus survival were performed by R software.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 1460 women included, our primary outcome was maternal survival: 74.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.8%-81.1%). Among them, the survival rate of VV ECMO patients was 83.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 76.4%-90.8%); the survival rate of VA ECMO patients was 62.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.7%-76.8%). The secondary outcomes were maternal hemorrhagic complications: 34.8% (95% [CI]: 24.1%-45.5%), and fetal survival: 73.2% (95% [CI]: 62.0%-84.4%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis revealed that the outcomes of ECMO (both type) use in pregnant patients may be comparable or superior to those observed in non-pregnant cohorts. Moreover, patients treated with VV ECMO exhibited a significantly higher survival rate compared to those on VA ECMO.<br><br>DETAILS OF REGISTRATION: The protocol for this systematic review was registered on INPLASY (2022110036) in 11 November 2022.}, }
@article {pmid39880510, year = {2025}, author = {Dean, S and Torbey, S}, title = {When It's Not Tics: Functional Tic-Like Behaviors.}, journal = {The Psychiatric clinics of North America}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {151-163}, doi = {10.1016/j.psc.2024.09.001}, pmid = {39880510}, issn = {1558-3147}, mesh = {Humans ; *Tourette Syndrome/diagnosis ; Adolescent ; *Tic Disorders/diagnosis/therapy ; *Tics/diagnosis/therapy ; COVID-19 ; Behavior Therapy ; Young Adult ; }, abstract = {Functional tic-like behaviors (FTLBs) are a manifestation of functional neurologic disorder that can be mistaken for neurodevelopmental tic disorders like Tourette syndrome. Much information was gained about FTLBs because of an outbreak of FTLBs spreading among adolescents and young adults via social media during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. In comparison to neurodevelopmental tic disorders, FTLBs have an older age of onset, more abrupt symptom onset, and more complex tics as well as other features that would be atypical of Tourette syndrome. Although they do not respond well to standard treatment for neurodevelopmental tics, they are treatable with appropriate behavioral therapy.}, }
@article {pmid39879996, year = {2025}, author = {Rollnik, JD}, title = {[Neurological evaluation of "post-COVID-19 syndrome" (PCS)].}, journal = {Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie}, volume = {93}, number = {5}, pages = {186-199}, doi = {10.1055/a-2465-3570}, pmid = {39879996}, issn = {1439-3522}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology ; *Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis/etiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Neurologic Examination ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology ; Fatigue/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The so-called "post-COVID-19 syndrome" (PCS) includes a variety of subjective complaints and represents a challenge to medical evaluation. The review focuses on symptom validation of the most common neurological, neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological PCS symptoms like fatigue, loss of smell and taste, problems speaking or communicating, cognitive disorders, dysaesthesia and persistent muscle pain.}, }
@article {pmid39879967, year = {2025}, author = {Leibenguth, M and Rieg, S and Thimme, R and Hornuss, D}, title = {[Community acquired gastroenteritis].}, journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)}, volume = {150}, number = {4}, pages = {133-139}, doi = {10.1055/a-2301-6781}, pmid = {39879967}, issn = {1439-4413}, mesh = {Humans ; *Gastroenteritis/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology ; Germany/epidemiology ; Child ; }, abstract = {Gastrointestinal infections are widespread and a major cause of global mortality, mainly affecting young children and the elderly. In Germany, each resident typically experiences one episode yearly. After COVID-19 pandemic, gastrointestinal infection rates have significantly increased again. Acute gastroenteritis typically presents with sudden stool changes, vomiting, and fever. In Germany, common pathogens include norovirus, rotavirus, Campylobacter spp., and Salmonella spp. New German guidelines on infectious gastroenteritis (published 2023) reflect recent studies and international treatment standards. The diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis should be based on clinical presentation and a thorough medical history, with stool testing reserved for severe cases or suspected outbreaks. Symptomatic treatment and rehydration of the patient are usually sufficient. Antibiotic treatment is generally not recommended except in severe cases, risk situations or the detection of specific pathogens.}, }
@article {pmid39879571, year = {2025}, author = {Lapen, K and Chino, F and Noble, A and Jin, JO and Levit, LA and Kirkwood, K and Schenkel, C and Subbiah, IM}, title = {Key Strategies to Promote Professional Wellness and Reduce Burnout in Oncology Clinicians.}, journal = {JCO oncology practice}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {OP2400199}, doi = {10.1200/OP.24.00199}, pmid = {39879571}, issn = {2688-1535}, abstract = {Burnout in oncologists has been increasing, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. This is concerning because burnout can have both personal and professional repercussions, as well as a negative impact on patients and organizational financial health. Drawing on information and ideas discussed at an ASCO Town Hall session at the 2023 Annual Meeting developed by the State of Cancer Care in America Editorial Board, this study reviews key organizational strategies for improving professional well-being and argues for the importance of measuring and researching the well-being of the oncology workforce to ensure healthy work environments. Although both individual- and organizational-level interventions to mitigate burnout are valuable, organizational interventions have been shown to be the most effective. Thus, strategies to ensure professional wellness should focus on developing organizational policies, cultures, and best practices that create healthy work environments. Specific policies and best practices for organizations to prioritize include the following: (1) Eliminating low-value work, including processes related to electronic health record systems. (2) Restructuring teams to efficiently complete work. (3) Promoting clinician work-life integration. (4) Promoting psychological safety in the workplace to prevent workplace discrimination. (5) Identifying individual practice stressors. (6) Fostering community within the organization.}, }
@article {pmid39879499, year = {2025}, author = {Saeed, U and Uppal, R and Najmi, MH and Fazal, I and Khan, AA and Piracha, ZZ and Uppal, MR and Ijaz, HN and Ozsahin, DU and Uzun, B and Ozsahin, I}, title = {Cutting-edge: bionanomaterial solutions in the battle against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.}, journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia}, volume = {84}, number = {}, pages = {e279564}, doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.279564}, pmid = {39879499}, issn = {1678-4375}, mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/diagnosis ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Metal Nanoparticles/therapeutic use ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Silver ; }, abstract = {Amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the imperative of our time resides in crafting stratagems of utmost precision to confront the relentless SARS-CoV-2 and quell its inexorable proliferation. A paradigm-shifting weapon in this battle lies in the realm of nanoparticles, where the amalgamation of cutting-edge nanochemistry begets a cornucopia of inventive techniques and methodologies designed to thwart the advances of this pernicious pathogen. Nanochemistry, an artful fusion of chemistry and nanoscience, provides a fertile landscape for researchers to craft innovative shields against infection. Within this intricate tapestry, nanoparticles emerge as champions, offering multifaceted solutions encompassing detection, treatment, prevention, and the precise targeting of SARS-CoV-2 incursions. Noteworthy among these innovations, the Silver (Ag) Respi-strips command our attention. These strips stand as exemplars of ingenuity, illuminating the path to swift and precise test detection. Moreover, the integration of Ag-based textile materials into the arsenal against viral propagation opens a promising avenue to curtail the virus's insidious reach. The indomitable force of iron nanoparticles, duly sanctioned by the esteemed FDA, shines as a beacon of hope in the treatment of infection. Their interaction with the glycoprotein spikes of the virus unleashes an inhibitory action of profound consequence. Meanwhile, the domain of diagnostics has been revolutionized by the advent of Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs). Their role in automating nucleic acid extraction and purification has proven indispensable, particularly in the diagnostic milieu of SARS-CoV-2. These MNPs wield a magnetic allure, streamlining diagnostic processes with unmatched precision. In this realm of nano-wonders, Gold nanoparticles rise as formidable sentinels, poised at the intersection of versatility and innovation. Their functionalization via a kaleidoscope of functional groups or in concert with antiviral drug combinations augments their prowess. These microscopic champions effectively hinder viral ingress into host cells and orchestrate the controlled release of antiviral agents, casting a profound influence on the course of viral infections. The pandemic landscape has borne witness to the ascendancy of nanotechnology, unveiling an arsenal of nanoparticle-based strategies that promise to defy, detect, treat, and ultimately vanquish SARS-CoV-2. The future beckons, and within the infinitesimal realm of nanoparticles, we find the promise of a brighter, healthier tomorrow.}, }
@article {pmid39878472, year = {2025}, author = {Lytras, S and Lamb, KD and Ito, J and Grove, J and Yuan, K and Sato, K and Hughes, J and Robertson, DL}, title = {Pathogen genomic surveillance and the AI revolution.}, journal = {Journal of virology}, volume = {99}, number = {2}, pages = {e0160124}, pmid = {39878472}, issn = {1098-5514}, support = {JP23K14526//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; MC_UU_12014/12, MC_UU_00034/5,MR/V01157X/1//UKRI | Medical Research Council (MRC)/ ; JP24jf0126002, JP243fa627001, JP243fa727002, JP24fk0108690//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)/ ; JP24H00607//MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; MR/N013166/1//UKRI | Medical Research Council (MRC)/ ; 107653/Z/15/Z//Wellcome Trust (WT)/ ; JPMJPR22R1//MEXT | JST | Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO)/ ; MR/Y004205/1//UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)/ ; /WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *COVID-19/virology/epidemiology ; *Genomics/methods ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; *Genome, Viral ; Pandemics ; Evolution, Molecular ; }, abstract = {The unprecedented sequencing efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic paved the way for genomic surveillance to become a powerful tool for monitoring the evolution of circulating viruses. Herein, we discuss how a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence approach called protein language models (pLMs) can be used for effectively analyzing pathogen genomic data. We highlight examples of pLMs applied to predicting viral properties and evolution and lay out a framework for integrating pLMs into genomic surveillance pipelines.}, }
@article {pmid39878471, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, Y and Xia, B and Gao, Z}, title = {A comprehensive review of current insights into the virulence factors of SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Journal of virology}, volume = {99}, number = {2}, pages = {e0204924}, pmid = {39878471}, issn = {1098-5514}, support = {92169202//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 82341058//MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)/ ; 22QA1411000//Shanghai Rising-Star Program/ ; 2019285//CAS | Youth Innovation Promotion Association (YIPA)/ ; 2023078//CAS | Youth Innovation Promotion Association (YIPA)/ ; }, mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity/genetics ; *Virulence Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *COVID-19/virology ; Mutation ; Viral Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics ; Virus Internalization ; Virulence ; }, abstract = {The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity has been a major focus of attention. However, the determinants of pathogenicity are still unclear. Various hypotheses have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the evolution of viral pathogenicity, but a definitive conclusion has yet to be reached. Here, we review the potential impact of all proteins in SARS-CoV-2 on the viral pathogenic process and analyze the effects of their mutations on pathogenicity evolution. We aim to summarize which virus-encoded proteins are crucial in influencing viral pathogenicity, defined as disease severity following infection. Mutations in these key proteins, which are the virulence factors in SARS-CoV-2, may be the driving forces behind the evolution of viral pathogenicity. Mutations in the S protein can impact viral entry and fusogenicity. Mutations in proteins such as NSP2, NSP5, NSP14, and ORF7a can alter the virus's ability to suppress host protein synthesis and innate immunity. Mutations in NSP3, NSP4, NSP6, N protein, NSP5, and NSP12 may alter viral replication efficiency. The combined effects of mutations in the S protein and NSP6 can significantly reduce viral replication. In addition, various viral proteins, including ORF3a, ORF8, NSP4, Spike protein, N protein, and E protein, directly participate in the inflammatory process. Mutations in these proteins can modulate the levels of inflammation following infection. Collectively, these viral protein mutations can influence SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity by impacting viral immune evasion, replication capacity, and the level of inflammation mediated by infection. In conclusion, the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity is likely determined by multiple virulence factors.}, }
@article {pmid39878050, year = {2025}, author = {Ramesh, R and Ranganathan, LN}, title = {Headache in infections.}, journal = {Current opinion in neurology}, volume = {38}, number = {3}, pages = {281-287}, doi = {10.1097/WCO.0000000000001348}, pmid = {39878050}, issn = {1473-6551}, mesh = {Humans ; *Headache/etiology/diagnosis/physiopathology ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Infections/complications ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review explores the phenomenology, pathogenesis, and nosology of headaches associated with infections, an often-overlooked yet clinically significant symptom. With the increasing recognition of secondary headaches in infections, understanding their clinical patterns, mechanisms, and classifications is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Headaches in infections are ubiquitous but vary in presentation, severity, and underlying mechanisms depending on the causative pathogen. Elevated intracranial pressure, meningeal irritation, and activation of the trigeminovascular system are key contributors to headache generation, which varies depending on each pathogen. Pathogen-specific predilection for one of these mechanisms may subtly alter the clinical phenotype of the headache, which can be used to guide management. Emerging evidence highlights postinfectious headache syndromes, particularly following bacterial meningitis and SARS-CoV-2 infection, underscoring the need for long-term follow-up in these patients.<br><br>SUMMARY: The diverse presentations of infection-related headaches necessitate a systematic approach to evaluation and management. While the pathophysiology is complex and multifaceted, understanding these mechanisms aids in differentiating primary headaches from those secondary to infections.}, }
@article {pmid39877914, year = {2024}, author = {Kalok, A and Kamisan Atan, I and Sharip, S and Safian, N and Shah, SA}, title = {Factors influencing childbirth fear among Asian women: a scoping review.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1448940}, pmid = {39877914}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Fear/psychology ; *Parturition/psychology ; Pregnancy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Asian People/psychology ; Asia ; Adult ; *Pregnant People/psychology ; }, abstract = {Fear of childbirth (FOC) or tokophobia adversely affects women during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum. Childbirth fear may differ across regions and cultures. We aimed to identify factors influencing the fear of childbirth among the Asian population. A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in November 2023. Original articles in English with research conducted in Asian countries were included. The independent factors associated with childbirth fear, from the relevant studies were identified and discussed. Forty-six papers met the eligibility criteria but only 26 studies were discussed in this review. The significant factors were categorized into (1) demographics, (2) clinical, (3) healthcare service, (4) childbirth education &amp; information, and (5) COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of childbirth fear among Asians ranged between 56.6 and 84.8%. Significant demographic factors included age, education, marital status, economic status, and area of residence. Greater levels of tokophobia were linked to nulliparity, unplanned pregnancy, infertility, miscarriage, and pregnancies at risk. Effective doctor-patient communication and more frequent antenatal visits were shown to alleviate maternal childbirth fear. There was consistent evidence of prenatal childbirth education's benefit in reducing FOC. The usage of smartphone apps and prolonged exposure to electronic devices were linked to a higher degree of tokophobia. Nulliparas who received too much pregnancy-related information also reported increased childbirth fear. There was a positive correlation between maternal fear of COVID-19 infection and FOC. Keeping updated with COVID-19 information increased the maternal childbirth fear by two-fold. In conclusion, a stable economy and relationship contribute to lesser childbirth fear among Asian women. Poor maternal health and pregnancy complications were positive predictors of FOC. Health practitioners may reduce maternal childbirth through women's education, clear communication as well as accurate information and guidance to expectant mothers. Further study is required into the content of childbirth fear among Asian women. These research findings hopefully will lead to the development of culturally adapted screening tools and interventions that reduce the burden of FOC among expectant mothers.}, }
@article {pmid39877509, year = {2024}, author = {Mike-Ogburia, MI and Eze, CC and Okoli, MO and Ekada, I and Uhegbu, CU and Ugwu, C and Ogbakiri, PA and Alozie, FC and Ideozu, NO and Amesi, AW and Ifeanyi, MA}, title = {Cholera in Nigeria: A review of outbreaks, trends, contributing factors, and public health responses.}, journal = {Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association}, volume = {65}, number = {6}, pages = {824-843}, pmid = {39877509}, issn = {0300-1652}, abstract = {Cholera remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria, with recurrent outbreaks exacerbated by inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure, as well as conflict and displacement. This review examines cholera outbreaks in Nigeria from 2010 to 2024, analyzing epidemiological trends, contributing factors, and public health responses. Seasonal peaks during periods of heavy rainfall and flooding have consistently facilitated Vibrio cholerae transmission, with Northern regions disproportionately affected due to poor infrastructure and ongoing conflicts. Displacement into overcrowded camps has heightened vulnerability, particularly in conflict-affected areas such as Borno and Adamawa. The outbreaks have exhibited multiple epidemic waves within single periods, reflecting persistent transmission dynamics. Recent outbreaks have seen higher incidence rates among children under the age of five and vulnerable populations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Public health responses have focused on improving surveillance, case management, and WASH infrastructure, with coordinated efforts from national and international agencies. Vaccination campaigns, particularly in high-risk areas, have proven effective in controlling outbreaks. However, challenges remain, including inadequate healthcare capacity, vaccine stockouts, and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio cholerae strains (serogroup O1) resistant to antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, complicating treatment efforts. The COVID-19 pandemic further strained Nigeria's healthcare system, underscoring the need for an integrated health system to be strengthened to manage concurrent public health crises. This review emphasizes the importance of a multi-sectoral approach to cholera prevention and control, addressing underlying social determinants and ensuring sustained investments in public health infrastructure to mitigate future outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid39877071, year = {2025}, author = {Thacharodi, A and Hassan, S and Vithlani, A and Ahmed, T and Kavish, S and Geli Blacknell, NM and Alqahtani, A and Pugazhendhi, A}, title = {The burden of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections: The challenge continues in the twenty-first century.}, journal = {iScience}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {111677}, pmid = {39877071}, issn = {2589-0042}, abstract = {Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium, also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS), that has become a significant threat to the healthcare system, infecting more than 18 million people and resulting in more than 500,000 deaths annually worldwide. GAS infection rates decreased gradually during the 20th century in Western countries, largely due to improved living conditions and access to antibiotics. However, post-COVID-19, the situation has led to a steep increase in GAS infection rates in Europe, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, which triggers a global concern. GAS infections are normally moderate, with symptoms of fever, pharyngitis, and pyoderma; nevertheless, if left untreated or with continued exposure to GAS or with recurring infections it can result in fatal outcomes. GAS produces a variety of virulence factors and exotoxins that can lead to deadly infections such as necrotizing fasciitis, impetigo, cellulitis, pneumonia, empyema, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, and puerperal sepsis. In addition, post-immune mediated disorders such as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever, and rheumatic heart disease contribute to extremely high death rates in developing nations. Despite substantial research on GAS infections, it is still unclear what molecular pathways are responsible for their emergence and how to best manage them. This review thus provides insights into the most recent research on the pathogenesis, virulence, resistance, and host interaction mechanisms of GAS, as well as novel management options to assist scientific communities in combating GAS infections.}, }
@article {pmid39876689, year = {2025}, author = {Grumstrup Simonsen, M and Fenger Carlander, AL and Kronberg Jakobsen, K and Grønhøj, C and Von Buchwald, C}, title = {The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on time to treatment in head and neck cancer management: a systematic review.}, journal = {Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)}, volume = {64}, number = {}, pages = {156-166}, pmid = {39876689}, issn = {1651-226X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy/pathology ; *Time-to-Treatment/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; *Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/therapy/pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a need for reorganization in the healthcare systems. First, we aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on time to treatment in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Second, we aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 on tumor stage and changes in treatment regimens used.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search in PubMed and Embase was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Studies including patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas; (2) Studies containing a comparison of time to treatment; (3) Studies containing a well-defined time interval with restrictions on health care due to COVID-19 and a well-defined time interval without restrictions.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 19 studies were included comprising 24,898 patients treated for HNC cancer. Six studies (10.1% of the patients) reported an increase in waiting time within at least one interval, while seven studies reported a decrease (83.2% of the patients), and six studies found no significant effect. No changes in treatment modalities were observed. Seven of 15 studies (12.7% of the patients) observed an increase in either overall stage, size, or tumor node and metastasis classification during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among these, two studies reported increased waiting times as well.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: The impact of the COIVD-19 pandemic on time to treatment was heterogenous and subject to considerable intercountry and interregional variations. A tendency toward a higher T-classification was observed. In conclusion, otorhinolaryngology departments demonstrated resilience, as the pandemic led to only slight alterations in time to treatment.}, }
@article {pmid39876047, year = {2025}, author = {Morgan, S and Smith, JM and Thomas, B and Moreno, M and Visovsky, C and Beckie, T}, title = {Risk Factors and Predictors for Persistent Dyspnea Post-COVID-19: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Clinical nursing research}, volume = {34}, number = {3-4}, pages = {195-212}, doi = {10.1177/10547738251314076}, pmid = {39876047}, issn = {1552-3799}, mesh = {Humans ; *Dyspnea/etiology/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/complications ; Risk Factors ; Female ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; }, abstract = {The most frequently reported post-coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and cognitive disturbances, with reports of persistent dyspnea ranging between 26% and 41%. There is an urgent need to understand the risk factors and predictors for persistent COVID-19 dyspnea in individuals at all levels of COVID-19 illness severity, to enable the implementation of targeted interventions for those likely to be most affected with persistent dyspnea. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review is to explore the risk factors and predictors that are associated with persistent dyspnea in the post-COVID-19 population. This review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered prospectively in PROSPERO as CRD42023466713. A search strategy was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases, that included studies conducted from 2020 to March 2024. The Covidence platform was used for screening studies, scoring methodologic quality, and performing data extraction using a two-step independent review process. This review included 33 studies, addressing 83,920 participants across 20 countries. The strongest predictive risk factors for persistent dyspnea included the following: female sex, elevated body mass index, pulmonary comorbidities, pre-existing anxiety and depression, pre-COVID-19 physical limitations, the severity of the COVID-19 illness, and socioeconomic differences. Potential risk factors included increased age, smoking history, and COVID-19 variant type. The presence of biomarkers for persistent dyspnea in the post-COVID-19 population can be used by clinicians to prospectively identify those individuals who should be flagged. Early identification may then be leveraged for timely referral for prophylactic and rehabilitative interventions for dyspnea. A personalized plan to target those risk factors that are modifiable should follow.}, }
@article {pmid39875405, year = {2025}, author = {Han, Y and Guo, J and Li, X and Zhong, Z}, title = {Differences in clinical characteristics between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {NPJ primary care respiratory medicine}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {8}, pmid = {39875405}, issn = {2055-1010}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology ; *Influenza, Human/diagnosis/epidemiology/physiopathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has brought major challenges to the global health system, and influenza is also a problem that cannot be ignored. We aimed to explore and compare the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and influenza to deepen the understanding of these two diseases and provide some guidance for clinicians to make differential diagnoses. We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for articles and performed a meta-analysis using Stata 14.0 with a random-effects model. This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. One hundred articles involving 226,913 COVID-19 patients and 201,617 influenza patients were included, and all the articles included patients with these two diseases as experimental and control groups. Compared to influenza, COVID-19 was more common among men (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.23-1.74) and people with a higher body mass index (MD = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.09-1.77). The proportion of current smokers among COVID-19 patients was lower than that among influenza patients (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.18-0.33). Patients with COVID-19 had longer stays in the hospital (MD = 3.20, 95% CI: 2.58-3.82) and ICU (MD = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.44-4.76), required mechanical ventilation more frequently (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.77-3.00), and had higher mortality (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.93-2.55). We also found significant differences in some blood parameters between the two groups of patients. Upper respiratory symptoms were more obvious in influenza patients, and the proportion of comorbidities was higher than that among COVID-19 patients. There are some differences in the major characteristics, symptoms, laboratory findings and comorbidities between COVID-19 patients and influenza patients. COVID-19 patients often require more medical resources and have worse clinical outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39874384, year = {2025}, author = {Wen, Z and Wang, T and Luo, S and Liu, Y}, title = {CT scan-derived pectoralis muscle parameters are closely associated with COVID-19 outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {e0316893}, pmid = {39874384}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnostic imaging/mortality/pathology ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; *Pectoralis Muscles/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Prognosis ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationships between pectoralis muscle parameters and outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain.<br><br>METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from 1 January 2019 to 1 May 2024 to identify non-overlapping studies evaluating pectoralis muscle-associated index on chest CT scan with clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients. Random-effects and fixed-effects meta-analyses were performed, and heterogeneity between studies was quantified using the I2 statistic. The risk of study bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Funnel plots for detecting small-study effects.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 9 studies with 4109 COVID-19 patients were included. The meta-analysis findings revealed a correlation between pectoralis muscle parameters and COVID-19 prognosis. Specifically, patients with higher pectoralis muscle density (PMD) exhibited a lower mortality risk, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92-0.99). The rate of intubation was lower in COVID-19 patients with a high pectoralis muscle index (PMI) (OR =&#x2009; 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-1.00).<br><br>CONCLUSION: In summary, a low PMD is associated with a marginally elevated risk of mortality, whereas a decreased PMI represents a risk factor for intubation in COVID-19 patients. These findings suggest that pectoralis muscle parameters on chest CT may be a useful prognostic tool for COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid39874315, year = {2025}, author = {Bidhendi-Yarandi, R and Biglarian, A and Karlstad, JL and Moe, CF and Bakhshi, E and Khodaei-Ardakani, MR and Behboudi-Gandevani, S}, title = {Prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and suicide tendency among individual with long-COVID and determinants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {e0312351}, pmid = {39874315}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology/complications ; *Anxiety/epidemiology ; *Depression/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; *Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; *Suicide/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Suicidal Ideation ; Female ; Male ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: While mental health alterations during active COVID-19 infection have been documented, the prevalence of long-term mental health consequences remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of mental health symptoms-depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal tendencies-and to identify their trends and associated risk factors in individuals with long-COVID.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search of databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsycINFO up to August 2024, targeting observational studies published in English. Study quality was assessed using structured standard tools. The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal tendencies in individuals with long-COVID. Secondary outcomes included trends in these mental health problems over time and identification of associated determinants.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 94 eligible studies were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence estimates, regardless of follow up times duration, were as follows: depression, 25% (95%CI:22-28%; PI:1-59%); anxiety (adjusted via trim and fill method), 23%(95%CI:21-25%;PI:2-35%); composite outcomes of depression and/or anxiety, 25% (95%CI:23-27%;PI:2-51%); stress, 26%(95%CI:13-39%;PI:1-69%); and suicidality, 19%(95%CI:15-22%;PI:13-25%). The results of meta-regression analyses revealed a statistically significant trend showing a gradual decrease in the prevalence of the composite outcome of anxiety and/or depression over time (RD = -0.004,P = 0.022). Meta-regression results indicated that being female and younger age were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of mental health symptoms. Study design and study setting did not contribute to heterogeneity.<br><br>CONCLUSION: One-fourth of individual with long-COVID experience mental health symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and stress, which remain prevalent even two years post-infection despite a slight decreasing trend. Factors such as female gender and younger age were linked to higher rates of anxiety and depression. These findings indicate the need for ongoing mental health screening and early interventions to mitigate long-term psychological distress in long-COVID patients.}, }
@article {pmid39874140, year = {2025}, author = {Wilkinson, TJ and Ancliffe, L and Macdonald, JH}, title = {Can exercise reduce fatigue in people living with kidney disease?.}, journal = {Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care}, volume = {28}, number = {3}, pages = {200-207}, doi = {10.1097/MCO.0000000000001113}, pmid = {39874140}, issn = {1473-6519}, mesh = {Humans ; *Fatigue/therapy/etiology ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; *Exercise/physiology ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications/therapy ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In people living with kidney disease (KD) Fatigue is a whole-body tiredness that is not related to activity or exertion. Often self-reported, fatigue is a common and highly burdensome symptom, yet poorly defined and understood. While its mechanisms are complex, many fatigue-related factors may be altered by exercise and physical activity intervention. Thus, this review aims to review the latest research on exercise in reducing fatigue in people living with KD.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The benefits of exercise in KD are well known, yet recent data from clinical trials on fatigue are scarce. Favourable effects on fatigue were found through a myriad of physical activity and exercise-based interventions, including using exercise-based video games, exercise during dialysis, nurse-led exercise programs, and home-based exercise delivered by a novel digital health intervention. Yet, whilst the handful of recent trials show positive efficacy on fatigue across the spectrum of KD, contemporary exercise-based research was impacted critically by COVID-19, and the field is limited by underpowered trials and heterogeneity of assessment tools.<br><br>SUMMARY: Fatigue remains, at best, a secondary outcome measure in trials despite it being the most commonly reported symptom in KD. Given its importance to the people it impacts most, better quality evidence is needed to fully understand and optimize the impact of exercise in this group.}, }
@article {pmid39873306, year = {2025}, author = {Voellmy, R and Bloom, DC and Vilaboa, N}, title = {Regulated microbe vaccines: from concept to (pre-clinical) reduction to practice.}, journal = {Expert review of vaccines}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {146-156}, doi = {10.1080/14760584.2025.2459751}, pmid = {39873306}, issn = {1744-8395}, mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Vaccine Development ; *Herpesviridae/immunology ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; *Virus Diseases/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Vaccines to prevent important infections involving, e.g. influenza viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome-causing coronaviruses (e.g. SARS-CoV-2), respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) have remained insufficiently effective or are not available at all. Regulated microbes constitute novel vaccine platforms that may be employed for the development of more potent and/or more broadly effective vaccines.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: We review the development and characterization of the vaccine potential of replication-competent controlled herpesviruses (RCCVs) which represent the first examples of regulated microbes used as vaccines.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: The RCCVs developed to date are suitable for application to the skin and can be activated deliberately to replicate efficiently, but only transiently, in the administration site. Without activation, the RCCVs are incapable of replicating in the nervous system and elsewhere. The RCCVs were found to induce potent anti-herpetic immune responses in mice. Vaccination with RCCVs expressing an influenza virus hemagglutinin broadly protected animals against lethal influenza virus challenges. This protection appeared to be at least in part antibody-mediated. These findings support a rational expectation that RCCVs may be developed into universal, non-seasonal vaccines against influenza and, possibly, against other rapidly evolving pathogens.}, }
@article {pmid39872865, year = {2024}, author = {Guo, J and Wang, L}, title = {The complex landscape of immune dysregulation in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19.}, journal = {Life medicine}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {lnae034}, pmid = {39872865}, issn = {2755-1733}, abstract = {The immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are still under investigation. While coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is usually mild in the paediatric population, some children develop severe clinical manifestations or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after infection. MIS-C, typically emerging 2-6 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 exposure, is characterized by a hyperinflammatory response affecting multiple organs. This review aims to explore the complex landscape of immune dysregulation in MIS-C, focusing on innate, T cell-, and B cell-mediated immunity, and discusses the role of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a superantigen in MIS-C pathophysiology. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for improving the management and outcomes for affected children.}, }
@article {pmid39872827, year = {2024}, author = {Bashir, H and Prasad, P and Clark, C and Bhatia, A and Abraham, WT}, title = {Remote Monitoring in Heart Failure: Revolutionizing Patient Management and Outcomes.}, journal = {US cardiology}, volume = {18}, number = {}, pages = {e23}, pmid = {39872827}, issn = {1758-390X}, abstract = {Heart failure (HF) is a global health issue, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality, particularly in North America. The management of HF is complex, requiring diligent monitoring to prevent decompensation and clinical progression. While there have been improvements in treating HF, it still leads to significant negative health outcomes and heavily contributes to the use of healthcare services. Outpatient management for HF lacks consistent application of proven therapies and the early identification and management of worsening conditions. Remote monitoring (RM) offers a solution to these challenges and there has been growing attention from HF healthcare providers and medical systems. This review explores the evolution and role of RM in the ambulatory care of HF patients, particularly emphasizing the impact of RM on clinical outcomes amid the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39872756, year = {2025}, author = {Pivina, L and Batenova, G and Omarov, N and Ygiyeva, D and Messova, A and Alibayeva, G and Jamedinova, U and Kurumbayev, R and Pivin, M}, title = {Peculiarities of in-Stent Thrombosis and Restenosis in Coronary Arteries Post-COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Clinical Cases and Case Series.}, journal = {Open access emergency medicine : OAEM}, volume = {17}, number = {}, pages = {15-30}, pmid = {39872756}, issn = {1179-1500}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: One of the most serious complications of coronary artery stenting is restenosis and in-stent thrombosis; their prevalence can reach 20-25%. Stent thrombosis can be acute (up to 24 hours), subacute (24 hours to 30 days), late (30 days to 1 year), and very late (> 1 year after previous stenting). In the patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units, the proportion of those with elevated troponin levels reached 25%.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the association between COVID-19 and the development of in-stent thrombosis and restenosis of the coronary arteries based on the analysis of clinical cases and case series.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases for relevant case reports and case series of stent restenosis and in-stent thrombosis associated with coronavirus infection (CVI) published between 2020 and the present. Thirty-eight full-text publications were screened and manually checked for analysis. We found 10 publications describing cases of thrombosis and restenosis of stents associated with coronavirus infection, of which only 2 were case series. In total, we analyzed 22 cases.<br><br>RESULTS: In the structure of in-stent restenosis and thrombosis, 59.1% were very late, 9.1% were late; 18.2% were considered subacute events, and 13.6% were acute events. All cases were angiographically confirmed. The main location of restenosis or thrombosis was the left coronary artery (LAD) (51.1%), thrombosis of the right coronary artery (RCA) occurred in 27.3%, and location in circumflex artery was in 22.7%. All patients had COVID-19 confirmed by a PCR test or the presence of immunoglobulins G and M. In fourteen patients (54.5%), an X-ray examination showed the presence of bilateral polysegmental infiltration.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Analysis of publications demonstrates the association between restenosis and in-stent thrombosis in patients with coronary arteries disease (CAD) and coronavirus infection.}, }
@article {pmid39872399, year = {2024}, author = {Feng, Y and Su, C and Mao, G and Sun, B and Cai, Y and Dai, J and Ma, Y}, title = {When synthetic biology meets medicine.}, journal = {Life medicine}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {lnae010}, pmid = {39872399}, issn = {2755-1733}, abstract = {In recent years, the world has faced significant challenges with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as other infectious diseases such as Zika and Ebola. Furthermore, the rapid rise of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer has placed tremendous strain on healthcare resources and systems. Unfortunately, advancements in drug development, diagnostics, and therapeutics have struggled to keep pace with the emergence and progression of diseases, necessitating the exploration of new technologies for the discovery and development of biomedicines and biotherapies. Synthetic biology, a revolutionary field in modern science, holds great promise in advancing drug development and disease treatment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the application of synthetic biology to medicine, with a specific focus on its role in drug discovery, drug production, and the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39872308, year = {2025}, author = {Shafaati, M and Forghani, S and Shahsavand Davoudi, A and Samiee, R and Mohammadi, K and Akbarpour, S and Seifi, A and Salehi, M and Zare, M}, title = {Current advances and challenges in mpox vaccine development: a global landscape.}, journal = {Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {25151355251314339}, pmid = {39872308}, issn = {2515-1355}, abstract = {Given the surge in mpox outbreaks in 2022 and the advancements in domestic and international vaccine research, the effectiveness of smallpox vaccines in providing cross-protection against mpox remains crucial. Having learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is significant to continue evaluating existing vaccines to ensure their safety and efficacy. Developing new vaccines for widespread use against mpox and its emerging strains also serves as a preventive strategy in the ongoing battle against this dynamic infection. Here's an opportunity to control human-to-human transmission, give short deadlines, and avoid vaccine disparity. Public health systems must take decisive action to prevent the global spread of mpox, particularly among vulnerable groups. This action should include strengthening global surveillance, improving vaccine access, and ensuring equitable distribution, particularly in resource-poor settings, to prevent future outbreaks. This review aims to assess recent advancements and barriers in mpox vaccine development, emphasizing cross-protection and equitable vaccine distribution in resource-poor settings.}, }
@article {pmid39872239, year = {2024}, author = {Dhaini, L and Verma, R and Gadir, MA and Singh, H and Farghaly, M and Abdelmutalib, T and Osman, A and Alsayegh, K and Gharib, SB and Mahboub, B and Suliman, E and Konstantinopoulou, S and Polumuru, SR and Pargi, S}, title = {Recommendations on Rapid Diagnostic Point-of-care Molecular Tests for Respiratory Infections in the United Arab Emirates.}, journal = {The open respiratory medicine journal}, volume = {18}, number = {}, pages = {e18743064319029}, pmid = {39872239}, issn = {1874-3064}, abstract = {Traditional testing methods in the Middle East Region, including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), particularly the testing of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), influenza, group A streptococcus (GAS), and COVID-19 have the potential to be upgraded to new and advanced diagnostics methods that improve lead time to diagnosis, consumption of healthcare resources and patient experience. In addition, based on the research, it was reported that there is an underreporting of respiratory cases, overuse of antibiotics, and prolonged hospitalizations which is posing pressure on UAE healthcare stakeholders. A literature review was done exploring UAE's current diagnostic practices, recommended guidelines, diagnostic gaps, and challenges in RSV, GAS, Influenza, and COVID-19. This was followed by stakeholder discussions focusing on assessing current diagnostic practices, usage of rapid molecular point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests, current gaps in diagnosis, targeted profiles for POC testing, and potential impact on patient management for targeted respiratory infections. A round table discussion with healthcare experts, insurance experts, key opinion leaders, and pulmonologists discussed challenges and opportunities in treating respiratory diseases. UAE healthcare stakeholders suggest that introducing alternative and up-to-date diagnostic methods such as POC molecular testing is expected to improve healthcare outcomes, optimize resources, and develop a robust case management of respiratory tract infections. It is essential to emphasize that by introducing POC testing, precision medicine is reinforced, efficiency is achieved, and the overall management of population health is enhanced.}, }
@article {pmid39871737, year = {2025}, author = {Blanco, J and Trinité, B and Puig-Barberà, J}, title = {Rethinking Optimal Immunogens to Face SARS-CoV-2 Evolution Through Vaccination.}, journal = {Influenza and other respiratory viruses}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {e70076}, pmid = {39871737}, issn = {1750-2659}, support = {//HIPRA S.A./ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology/virology ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Vaccination ; Immunization, Secondary ; }, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, which originated in China in late 2019, quickly fueled the global COVID-19 pandemic, profoundly impacting health and the economy worldwide. A series of vaccines, mostly based on the full SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, were rapidly developed, showing excellent humoral and cellular responses and high efficacy against both symptomatic infection and severe disease. However, viral evolution and the waning humoral neutralizing responses strongly challenged vaccine long term effectiveness, mainly against symptomatic infection, making necessary a strategy of repeated and updated booster shots. In this repeated vaccination context, antibody repertoire diversification was evidenced, although immune imprinting after booster doses or reinfection was also demonstrated and identified as a major determinant of immunological responses to repeated antigen exposures. Considering that a small domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, the receptor binding domain (RBD), is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and concentrates most viral mutations, the following text aims to provide insights into the ongoing debate over the best strategies for vaccine boosters. We address the relevance of developing new booster vaccines that target the evolving RBD, thus focusing on the relevant antigenic sites of the SARS-CoV-2 new variants. A combination of this strategy with immunofusing and computerized approaches could minimize immune imprinting, therefore optimizing neutralizing immune responses and booster vaccine efficacy.}, }
@article {pmid39869998, year = {2025}, author = {Jang, JY and Lee, D and Oh, SY and Yoo, HS}, title = {Co-infections with Bordetella bronchiseptica in canine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Veterinary immunology and immunopathology}, volume = {280}, number = {}, pages = {110886}, doi = {10.1016/j.vetimm.2025.110886}, pmid = {39869998}, issn = {1873-2534}, mesh = {Dogs ; Animals ; *Bordetella Infections/veterinary/epidemiology/microbiology ; *Coinfection/veterinary/epidemiology/microbiology ; *Dog Diseases/microbiology/epidemiology ; *Bordetella bronchiseptica ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/veterinary/microbiology/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Bordetella bronchiseptica is a primary pathogen in canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD), or kennel cough, capable of independently causing respiratory illness and contributing significantly to co-infections with other viral and bacterial agents. Despite its critical role in disease transmission and persistence, the epidemiology of B. bronchiseptica in CIRD remains poorly understood. Limited data on co-infection prevalence and associated risk factors hinder effective management and control of this pathogen.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the prevalence and risk factors of co-infections with B. bronchiseptica in dogs.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive bibliographic search was conducted across four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Data extraction included the number of co-infected cases among those with B. bronchiseptica, the identified co-infecting pathogens, study period, geographical location, shelter type, and age.<br><br>RESULTS: From 3994 identified articles, 26 studies were included. The overall prevalence of B. bronchiseptica co-infection was 47&#x202f;% (95&#x202f;% CI: 37&#x202f;%-57&#x202f;%). Significant differences were observed only in the study period, with co-infection rates higher in the 1900s (77&#x202f;%) compared to the 2000s (45&#x202f;%). No significant differences were found for other factors. Frequently co-infecting pathogens included Mycoplasma and canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Co-infections with B. bronchiseptica are common in CIRD, indicating a need for the development of combined vaccines targeting co-infecting pathogens. Furthermore, the establishment of effective prevention and control strategies can be universally applied across different geographical locations, shelter types, and ages. This study provides valuable insights that can inform future research and enhance the overall management and treatment of CIRD in dogs.}, }
@article {pmid39869589, year = {2025}, author = {Hegazi, MA and Sayed, MH and Butt, NS and Alahmadi, TS and Zubairi, NA and Elson, WA}, title = {Navigating the shots: Parental willingness to immunize their children with COVID-19 vaccines in Saudi Arabia explored through a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {e0317983}, pmid = {39869589}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; *Parents/psychology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccination/psychology ; Adolescent ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology ; Adult ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Although COVID-19 vaccines have been recommended for children and adolescents since 2021, suboptimal vaccination uptake has been documented. No previous systematic review/meta-analysis (SRMA) investigated parents' willingness to administer COVID-19 vaccines for their children in Saudi Arabia. Accordingly, this SRMA aimed to estimate parents' willingness to immunize their children with COVID-19 vaccines in Saudi Arabia and to identify reasons and determinants influencing parents' decisions.<br><br>METHODS: This SRMA adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and the protocol was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023492760). An extensive systematic search was performed across electronic databases including Pub Med, Pub Med Central, ISI Web of science, Web of Science Core Collection, Medline, KCI-Korean Journal Database, ProQuest, and SciELO, to identify relevant studies published from January 1, 2020 to October 30, 2023. A random-effects model was utilized to estimate the pooled effects considering the expected variability across studies. Heterogeneity, risk of bias, publication bias and quality of studies were considered and evaluated by relevant appropriate tests to ensure robust results.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-five studies with 30,844 parents were included. The overall pooled rate of parents who intended to immunize their children with COVID-19 vaccines was 48.0% (95% CI: 41.0-54.0%) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.42%). The main reason for parents to vaccinate children was to protect child, family and community from COVID-19. Perceived efficacy/safety of vaccines were the most significant determinants associated with parents' willingness to vaccinate children.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This was the first SRMA from Saudi Arabia which emphasized the priority to focus on vaccine-related factors as main/key strategy of COVID-19 vaccines' drivers to convince parents in a logical way based on accurate cumulative and emerging scientific data about efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines to optimize their uptake by children/adolescents. This SRMA can provide valuable insights for development of evidence-based policies to improve parental willingness to vaccinate children, which is crucial for controlling SARS-CoV-2 spread and promoting herd immunity in the community particularly if the virus continues to pose a major threat.}, }
@article {pmid39868931, year = {2025}, author = {Hu, J and Zhao, C and Yu, T}, title = {The Relationship Between Boredom and Smartphone Addiction Before and After the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Psychological reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {332941251314713}, doi = {10.1177/00332941251314713}, pmid = {39868931}, issn = {1558-691X}, abstract = {Prior research has explored the relationship between boredom and smartphone addiction (SPA), but significant discrepancies remain. Moreover, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic may have altered this association. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to clarify the true relationship between boredom and SPA, while also analyzing potential moderating factors. Articles published through April 2024 were retrieved from Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, VIP) and English databases (Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Online Journals). After screening, coding, and analysis using CMA 3.0 software, 54 studies involving 36,245 participants were included. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between boredom and SPA (r = 0.412, 95% CI [0.385, 0.438]). Furthermore, this relationship was moderated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the methods used to measure boredom, but not by gender or the tools used to measure SPA. These findings provide strong evidence of a positive correlation between boredom and SPA, with the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating this relationship.}, }
@article {pmid39867521, year = {2025}, author = {Sait, JMS and Sarumathy, S}, title = {Clinical trials in health-care metaverse - A conceptual overview.}, journal = {Perspectives in clinical research}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {9-13}, pmid = {39867521}, issn = {2229-3485}, abstract = {Post-COVID-19, the emergence of newer technologies has taken center stage. One such technology is metaverse, which is an extension of existing technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) that enables a fully immersive communication platform through the utilization of digital twins and avatars in a three-dimensional digital space. Literature review has shown that the adoption of such technologies in the field of clinical trials can help in improving the therapeutic outcomes in patients while having numerous other benefits. Despite its early stages of adoption, the application of metaverses in clinical trials through the use of AR, VR, and digital twins holds the ability to revolutionize key tasks in clinical trials, such as patient enrollment, engagement, monitoring, and counseling, by removing barriers to study participation. This review article focuses on the concepts of metaverse, its use in clinical trials, its inherent benefits, and limitations and serves as a starting point for clinical research organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and technology firms to conceptualize and develop metaverse solutions that stand to significantly benefit the broader landscape of clinical trials.}, }
@article {pmid39867188, year = {2025}, author = {Kern, M and Jansen, G and Strickmann, B and Kerner, T}, title = {Advancements in Public First Responder Programs for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: An Updated Literature Review.}, journal = {Reviews in cardiovascular medicine}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {26140}, pmid = {39867188}, issn = {2153-8174}, abstract = {Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of death worldwide, with a low survival rate of around 7% globally. Key factors for improving survival include witnessed arrest, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and early defibrillation. Despite guidelines advocating for the "chain of survival", bystander CPR and defibrillation rates remain suboptimal. Innovative approaches, such as dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR) and smartphone-based alerts, have emerged to address these challenges. DA-CPR effectively transforms emergency callers into lay rescuers, and smartphone apps are increasingly being used to alert volunteer first responders to OHCA incidents, enhancing response times and increasing survival rates. Smartphone-based systems offer advantages over traditional text messaging by providing real-time guidance and automated external defibrillator (AED) locations. Studies show improved outcomes with app-based alerts, including higher rates of early CPR, increased survival rates and improved neurological outcomes. Additionally, the potential of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) to deliver AEDs rapidly to OHCA sites has been demonstrated, particularly in rural areas with extended emergency medical services response times. Despite technological advancements, challenges such as ensuring responder training, effective dispatching, and maintaining responder well-being, particularly during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, remain. During the pandemic, some community first responder programs were suspended or modified due to shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) and increased risks of infection. However, systems that adapted by using PPE and revising protocols generally maintained responder participation and effectiveness. Moving forward, integrating new technology within robust responder systems and support mechanisms will be essential to improving OHCA outcomes and sustaining effective response networks.}, }
@article {pmid39867016, year = {2024}, author = {Nguyen, J and Le, W and Brugger, R and Shah, A and Karur, P and Hedelund, M and Joseph, J and Haj, A and Grillo, C and Hojeij, N and Maizel, J}, title = {Adolescents' Diabetes Self-Management Regimens and Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {16}, number = {12}, pages = {e76343}, pmid = {39867016}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Adolescents with diabetes mellitus (DM) experience poorer glycemic outcomes and lower adherence to self-management regimens compared to other age groups. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic posed new barriers to DM self-management, including social distancing measures and additional stressors. We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature to examine self-management regimens and outcomes among adolescents aged 10-17 years with type 1 and type 2 DM during the pandemic. Our scoping review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. We searched three online databases, screened articles through a rigorous process, and assessed bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklists. The findings from the included articles were categorized into six thematic areas: glycemic control/monitoring, insulin administration/regimens, weight/lifestyle behaviors, inpatient care/acute complications, outpatient care/telemedicine utilization, and psychosocial well-being. The findings from the included articles (n = 32) varied. Adolescents who used continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), regularly adjusted insulin doses, and utilized telemedicine generally maintained or improved glycemic control during the pandemic. However, many adolescents gained weight, reduced their physical activities, worsened their diet and sleep habits, and experienced increased stress, all of which negatively impacted glycemic control. Rates of acute complications and hospitalizations varied among adolescents. Telemedicine was widely used and viewed positively by adolescents with DM. Adolescents with DM faced various physical, behavioral, and psychosocial challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impacts of the pandemic on this population. Multilevel interventions and preparedness efforts are required to improve and sustain adolescents' DM self-management outcomes during public health emergencies, particularly focused on promoting CGM use, increasing physical activity levels, improving dietary habits, and reducing stress.}, }
@article {pmid39866839, year = {2025}, author = {Xie, R and Tan, D and Liu, B and Xiao, G and Gong, F and Zhang, Q and Qi, L and Zheng, S and Yuan, Y and Yang, Z and Chen, Y and Fei, J and Xu, D}, title = {Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): from mechanistic insights to therapeutic strategies.}, journal = {MedComm}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {e70074}, pmid = {39866839}, issn = {2688-2663}, abstract = {Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome of acute hypoxic respiratory failure caused by diffuse lung inflammation and edema. ARDS can be precipitated by intrapulmonary factors or extrapulmonary factors, which can lead to severe hypoxemia. Patients suffering from ARDS have high mortality rates, including a 28-day mortality rate of 34.8% and an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 40.0%. The pathophysiology of ARDS is complex and involves the activation and dysregulation of multiple overlapping and interacting pathways of systemic inflammation and coagulation, including the respiratory system, circulatory system, and immune system. In general, the treatment of inflammatory injuries is a coordinated process that involves the downregulation of proinflammatory pathways and the upregulation of anti-inflammatory pathways. Given the complexity of the underlying disease, treatment needs to be tailored to the problem. Hence, we discuss the pathogenesis and treatment methods of affected organs, including 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related pneumonia, drowning, trauma, blood transfusion, severe acute pancreatitis, and sepsis. This review is intended to provide a new perspective concerning ARDS and offer novel insight into future therapeutic interventions.}, }
@article {pmid39866399, year = {2025}, author = {Basmenj, ER and Pajhouh, SR and Ebrahimi Fallah, A and Naijian, R and Rahimi, E and Atighy, H and Ghiabi, S and Ghiabi, S}, title = {Computational epitope-based vaccine design with bioinformatics approach; a review.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {e41714}, pmid = {39866399}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {The significance of vaccine development has gained heightened importance in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. In such critical circumstances, global citizens anticipate researchers in this field to swiftly identify a vaccine candidate to combat the pandemic's root cause. It is widely recognized that the vaccine design process is traditionally both time-consuming and costly. However, a specialized subfield within bioinformatics, known as "multi-epitope vaccine design" or "reverse vaccinology," has significantly decreased the time and costs of the vaccine design process. The methodology reverses itself in this subfield and finds a potential vaccine candidate by analyzing the pathogen's genome. Leveraging the tools available in this domain, we strive to pinpoint the most suitable antigen for crafting a vaccine against our target. Once the optimal antigen is identified, the next step involves uncovering epitopes within this antigen. The immune system recognizes particular areas of an antigen as epitopes. By characterizing these crucial segments, we gain the opportunity to design a vaccine centered around these epitopes. Subsequently, after identifying and assembling the vital epitopes with the assistance of linkers and adjuvants, our vaccine candidate can be formulated. Finally, employing computational techniques, we can thoroughly evaluate the designed vaccine. This review article comprehensively covers the entire multi-epitope vaccine development process, starting from obtaining the pathogen's genome to identifying the relevant vaccine candidate and concluding with an evaluation. Furthermore, we will delve into the essential tools needed at each stage, comparing and introducing them.}, }
@article {pmid39866328, year = {2025}, author = {Ng, RWY and Yang, L and Lau, SH and Hawkey, P and Ip, M}, title = {Global prevalence of human intestinal carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {JAC-antimicrobial resistance}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {dlaf001}, pmid = {39866328}, issn = {2632-1823}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is a pressing need for global surveillance of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli due to its health impacts, travel and increased antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize evidence investigating the global prevalence of ESBL E. coli.<br><br>METHODS: Four databases, including Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed and Web of Science, were searched for quantitative studies that reported prevalence data of faecal carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli published between 23 April 2021 and 22 April 2024. Meta-analysis was performed using the inverse variance heterogeneity model.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 25 studies (13&#x200a;901 unique participants) included for final analysis, the overall pooled prevalence of ESBL E. coli was 25.4% (95% CI, 19.7%-31.2%). The pooled prevalences of ESBL E. coli in healthy individuals in community settings and inpatients in healthcare settings were 23.4% (95% CI, 14.7%-32.2%) and 27.7% (95% CI, 18.8%-36.7%), respectively. Nearly one-third of the included studies (32%) were from the Western Pacific Region. There was a significant between-group difference for studies with different WHO regions and healthcare contact.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The pooled prevalence of ESBL E. coli remains high and there was a significant between-group difference for different WHO regions, with the highest being in Asian regions. Standardized surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic stewardship especially in these regions are needed to enhance the control of this global emergency.}, }
@article {pmid39865926, year = {2025}, author = {Choi, S and Powers, T}, title = {Optimizing health system volume flexibility: key determinants and strategies during the COVID-19 crisis.}, journal = {Journal of health organization and management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1108/JHOM-08-2023-0249}, pmid = {39865926}, issn = {1758-7247}, abstract = {PURPOSE: The need to match highly variable demand for healthcare services with existing capacity has been a significant health system challenge experienced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite mounting research on various COVID-19 responses in the recent literature, there has not been a structured review examining key determinants of health system volume flexibility. The focus of the present research is to review recent literature based on a conceptual framework developed based on the volume flexibility literature on COVID-19. The review also provides a meaningful way to guide practice and future research in the area.<br><br>DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A literature review was performed guided by the theoretical frameworks developed in the previous volume of flexibility literature. Selected research papers were reviewed and analyzed to identify key determinants of health system volume flexibility.<br><br>FINDINGS: Seven determinants of health system volume flexibility under three domains (demand management, capacity management, and performance) included demand management strategies, integration, capacity management strategies, workforce management, technology, quality of disease outcomes, and health system knowledge.<br><br>ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The research provides both health systems researchers as well as practitioners with a foundational conceptual framework and knowledge related to health system volume flexibility. In addition, this research identifies future research areas to expand knowledge relevant to health system volume flexibility.}, }
@article {pmid39864529, year = {2025}, author = {Xu, H and Li, B and Tang, K and Yang, J and Zhan, P}, title = {Nucleoside antiviral agents with atypical structures and new targets.}, journal = {Bioorganic &amp; medicinal chemistry letters}, volume = {119}, number = {}, pages = {130110}, doi = {10.1016/j.bmcl.2025.130110}, pmid = {39864529}, issn = {1464-3405}, mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/chemistry/chemical synthesis ; *Nucleosides/chemistry/pharmacology/chemical synthesis ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {Nucleoside analogs (NAs), as antiviral drugs, play a significant role in clinical medicine, constituting approximately 50 % of all antiviral therapies in current use. Nucleoside inhibitors function by mimicking the structure of natural nucleosides, integrating themselves into viral genetic material during replication, and subsequently inhibiting the virus's ability to reproduce. They are used to treat a variety of viral infections, including herpes simplex, hepatitis B, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This review offers the development and mechanisms of atypical nucleoside antiviral agents that target novel sites on viral polymerase and other antiviral targets of nucleoside molecules, highlighting their significance in response to emerging viral threats like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).}, }
@article {pmid39863871, year = {2025}, author = {Yirsaw, AN and Lakew, G and Getachew, E and Kasaye, MD and Enyew, EB and Getachew, D and Tareke, AA}, title = {Health extension workers job satisfaction and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC health services research}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {144}, pmid = {39863871}, issn = {1472-6963}, mesh = {*Job Satisfaction ; Ethiopia ; Humans ; *Allied Health Personnel/psychology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ethiopian healthcare relies heavily on Health Extension Workers (HEWs), who deliver essential services to communities nationwide. By analyzing existing research, the authors explore how prevalent job satisfaction is and what factors affect it. This comprehensive analysis aims to improve HEW satisfaction through targeted interventions, ultimately leading to a more effective healthcare workforce and better health outcomes in Ethiopia. Specifically, this study estimates the pooled level of job satisfaction and associated factors among HEWs in Ethiopia using a systematic review and meta-analysis.<br><br>METHOD: Studies were searched through the search engine of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar. Data from included studies was extracted, organized in Excel, and then analyzed using STATA 17. The overall effect across all studies was calculated using a random-effect model. Potential publication bias and heterogeneity in the results between studies were assessed using Egger's test, forest plot, and I[2] statistic, respectively.<br><br>RESULTS: The pooled level of job satisfaction among health extension workers in Ethiopia was 46% (95%CI: 32%-60%). Supportive supervision (AOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.42; 95% CI: 2.23, 8.23), training opportunities (AOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.69; 95% CI: 2.72, 6.61), and support from management (AOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.90; 95% CI: 3.03, 6.77) were statistically associated with the level of job satisfaction among HEW in Ethiopia.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The pooled level of job satisfaction was low. Getting supportive supervision from higher health experts, having favorable training opportunities, and having managerial support from kebele were found to be the statistically significant variables associated with job satisfaction among health extension workers in Ethiopia.}, }
@article {pmid39863307, year = {2025}, author = {Saweres-Argüelles, C and Sánchez-Calvo, A and Serrano-Pertierra, E and Matos, M and Blanco-López, MC}, title = {Nanolabels for biosensors based on lateral flow immunoassays.}, journal = {Analytica chimica acta}, volume = {1340}, number = {}, pages = {343597}, doi = {10.1016/j.aca.2024.343597}, pmid = {39863307}, issn = {1873-4324}, mesh = {*Biosensing Techniques/methods/instrumentation ; Immunoassay/methods/instrumentation ; Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 outbreak was an important turning point in the development of a new generation of biosensing technologies. The synergistic combination of an immunochromatographic test (lateral flow immunoassays, LFIA) and signal transducers provides enhanced sensitivity and the ability to quantify in the rapid tests. This is possible due to the variety of nanoparticles that can be used as reporter labels. In this review, we first present an overview on the principles of a LFIA and its different formats. We analyze cutting-edge work on these platforms based on different types of nanoparticles used as labels and on the highly sensitive transducers to which they can be coupled. The works discussed herein have a beneficial impact on the fields of clinical analysis, food safety or environmental control, thus highlighting the relevance of the biosensors. Last, we provide insights into the barriers that need to be overcome when designing laboratory prototypes accessible to the society.}, }
@article {pmid39863091, year = {2025}, author = {Ahmad, S and Alafnan, A and Alobaida, A and Shahab, U and Rehman, S and Khan, S and Khan, MY and Puri, P and Pandey, RP and Ahmad, I and Rafi, Z}, title = {Decoding the SARS-CoV-2 infection process: Insights into origin, spread, and therapeutic approaches.}, journal = {Microbial pathogenesis}, volume = {200}, number = {}, pages = {107328}, doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107328}, pmid = {39863091}, issn = {1096-1208}, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; *COVID-19/transmission/therapy/virology ; Animals ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {Globally, over 768 million confirmed cases and 6.9 million deaths had been documented as of July 17, 2023. Coronaviruses have a relatively large RNA genome. As with other viruses, SARS-CoV-2 does have an envelope film produced from host cells that are assisted by virally encoded glycoproteins that are required for infectivity, immunological assault, and viral particle production. Although the intermediate source of origin and transmission to humans is unexplained, rapid transmission from human to human has been established. This review focuses on the mechanistic framework for understanding the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Additionally, it discusses the origins and implications of COVID-19 using direct quotations from the published scientific literature to avoid misinterpretation of this catastrophic event that resulted in a massive loss of human life and impact on the global economy. The current available information unfolds large number of topics related with COVID-19 and/or the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) responsible of the disease. This review article also delves into the multifaceted aspects of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with a specific focus on a controversial yet essential issue: the possible association between SARS-CoV-2's origin and aldose reductase, an enzyme known for its role in diabetic retinopathy. Exploring this connection holds utmost significance, offering valuable insights into COVID-19's pathogenesis and unlocking new avenues for therapeutic interventions. It is important to trace back the evolution of coronaviruses and reveal the possible origin of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).}, }
@article {pmid39862981, year = {2025}, author = {Boucher, VG and Dahl, M and Lee, J and Faulkner, G and Beauchamp, MR and Puterman, E}, title = {An umbrella review and meta-analysis of 87 meta-analyses examining healthcare workers' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {375}, number = {}, pages = {423-436}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2025.01.109}, pmid = {39862981}, issn = {1573-2517}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Health Personnel/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Mental Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Burnout, Professional/epidemiology/psychology ; *Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Depression/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) experienced several changes in their work (e.g., longer hours, new policies) that affected their mental health. In this study, an umbrella review and meta-analysis of meta-analyses was conducted to examine the prevalence of various mental health problems experienced by HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a systematic review searching PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases (PROSPERO: CRD42022304823). We performed a meta-analysis to summarize prevalence of different mental health problems and examined whether these differed as a function of job category, sex/gender, sociodemographic index (SDI), and across time. Eighty-seven meta-analyses were included in the umbrella review and meta-analysis, including 1846 non-overlapping articles and 9,400,962 participants. The overall prevalence ratio for the different mental health outcomes ranged from 0.20 for PTSD (95 % CI: 0.16-0.25) to 0.44 for burnout (95 % CI: 0.32-0.56), with ratios for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, psychological distress, perceived stress, sleep problems, and insomnia symptoms falling between these ranges. Follow-up analyses revealed little variation in outcomes across job category, and sex. Prevalence of mental health problems in HCWs was high during the pandemic. Administrators and policymakers worldwide need to address these growing problems through institutional policies and wellness programming.}, }
@article {pmid39862702, year = {2025}, author = {Lim, HX and Khalid, K and Abdullah, ADI and Lee, LH and Raja Ali, RA}, title = {Subphenotypes of Long COVID and the clinical applications of probiotics.}, journal = {Biomedicine &amp; pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine &amp; pharmacotherapie}, volume = {183}, number = {}, pages = {117855}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117855}, pmid = {39862702}, issn = {1950-6007}, mesh = {Humans ; *Probiotics/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/microbiology/complications ; Dysbiosis ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Phenotype ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {As the number of infections and deaths attributable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues to rise, it is now becoming apparent that the health impacts of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may not be limited to infection and the subsequent resolution of symptoms. Reports have shown that patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection may experience multiple symptoms across different organ systems that are associated with adverse health outcomes and develop new cardiac, renal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and nervous conditions, a condition known as Long COVID or the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). This review provides insights into distinct subphenotypes of Long COVID and identifies microbiota dysbiosis as a common theme and crucial target for future therapies. Another important finding is that Long COVID is associated with prolonged and increased inflammation, potentially attributable to immune system dysfunction. A promising solution lies in the potential of probiotics to mitigate Long COVID symptoms by restoring gut microbiota balance and modulating the immune response. By evaluating the current clinical development landscape of the use of probiotics to treat Long COVID symptoms, this paper provides recommendations for future research by stressing the need to understand the modulation of bacterium strains followed by probiotic therapy to understand the association of microbiota dysbiosis with Long COVID symptoms. This will facilitate the development of effective probiotic formulations that could serve as reliable therapies against Long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid39862211, year = {2025}, author = {Akingbola, A and Adegbesan, A and TundeAlao, S and Adewole, O and Ayikoru, C and Benson, AE and Shekoni, M and Chuku, J}, title = {Human Metapneumovirus: an emerging respiratory pathogen and the urgent need for improved Diagnostics, surveillance, and vaccine development.}, journal = {Infectious diseases (London, England)}, volume = {57}, number = {3}, pages = {304-310}, doi = {10.1080/23744235.2025.2453824}, pmid = {39862211}, issn = {2374-4243}, mesh = {Humans ; *Metapneumovirus/immunology ; *Paramyxoviridae Infections/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/virology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control/virology/epidemiology ; *Vaccine Development ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control/virology/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a re-emerging respiratory pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. First identified in 2001, HMPV has since been recognised as a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) worldwide. Its transmission occurs through droplets, direct contact, and surface contamination, with crowded spaces and healthcare facilities serving as key environmental amplifiers. HMPV's clinical manifestations, ranging from mild cold-like symptoms to severe pneumonia, often overlap with those of other respiratory pathogens like RSV and COVID-19, complicating timely diagnosis and management. Despite advancements in molecular diagnostics, the limited accessibility of these tools in low-resource settings presents a challenge. Preventive measures, such as hygiene practices and physical distancing, remain critical, as no approved vaccines or targeted antiviral therapies are currently available. However, promising innovations, including AI-guided vaccine design and portable diagnostic tools, highlight the potential for future breakthroughs. This article highlights the urgent need for enhanced surveillance, scalable diagnostics, and intensified research into vaccines and therapeutic strategies. By addressing these gaps, HMPV's global burden can be significantly mitigated, improving outcomes for high-risk populations, and strengthening preparedness against respiratory virus outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid39861917, year = {2025}, author = {Karani, A and Ombok, C and Situma, S and Breiman, R and Mureithi, M and Jaoko, W and Njenga, MK and Ngere, I}, title = {Low-Level Zoonotic Transmission of Clade C MERS-CoV in Africa: Insights from Scoping Review and Cohort Studies in Hospital and Community Settings.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39861917}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {D43 TW011519/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States ; U01 AI151799/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U01AI151799//National Institutes of Health through the Centre for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases-East and Central Africa (CREID-ECA)/ ; D43TW011519//NIH/Fogarty International Center's D43 training grant/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics/classification ; Animals ; Camelus/virology ; Africa/epidemiology ; *Zoonoses/transmission/epidemiology/virology ; *Coronavirus Infections/transmission/epidemiology/virology ; Cohort Studies ; Hospitals ; Prevalence ; Phylogeny ; Disease Outbreaks ; }, abstract = {Human outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are more common in Middle Eastern and Asian human populations, associated with clades A and B. In Africa, where clade C is dominant in camels, human cases are minimal. We reviewed 16 studies (n = 6198) published across seven African countries between 2012 and 2024 to assess human MERS-CoV cases. We also analyzed data from four cohort studies conducted in camel-keeping communities between 2018 and 2024 involving camel keepers, camel slaughterhouse workers, and hospital patients with acute respiratory illness (ARI). The analysis showed a pooled MERS-CoV prevalence of 2.4% (IQR: 0.6, 11.4) from 16 publications and 1.14% from 4 cohort studies (n = 2353). Symptomatic cases were rarely reported, with most individuals reporting camel contact, and only 12% had travel history to the Middle East. There was one travel-associated reported death, resulting in a mortality rate of 0.013%. The findings suggest a low camel-to-human transmission of clade C MERS-CoV in Africa. Ongoing research focuses on genomic comparisons between clade C and the more virulent clades A and B, alongside the surveillance of viral evolution. This study highlights the need for continuous monitoring but indicates that MERS-CoV clade C currently poses a minimal public health threat in Africa.}, }
@article {pmid39861889, year = {2025}, author = {Xiao, F and Hu, J and Xu, M and Wang, D and Shen, X and Zhang, H and Miao, J and Cai, H and Wang, J and Liu, Y and Xiao, S and Zhu, L}, title = {Animal Models for Human-Pathogenic Coronavirus and Animal Coronavirus Research.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39861889}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {32273099//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 221110313//Research Start-up Fund for Talents at Dongguan University of Technology/ ; 2022GXJK381//Guangdong Province Educational Science Research Program/ ; }, mesh = {Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Mice ; Ferrets ; *Coronavirus Infections/virology ; *Coronavirus/pathogenicity ; Cricetinae ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus epidemics have posed a serious threat to both human and animal health. To combat emerging infectious diseases caused by coronaviruses, various animal infection models have been developed and applied in research, including non-human primate models, ferret models, hamster models, mouse models, and others. Moreover, new approaches have been utilized to develop animal models that are more susceptible to infection. These approaches include using viral delivery methods to induce the expression of viral receptors in mouse tissues and employing gene-editing techniques to create genetically modified mice. This has led to the successful establishment of infection models for multiple coronaviruses, significantly advancing related research. In contrast, livestock and pets that can be infected by animal coronaviruses provide valuable insights when used as infection models, enabling the collection of accurate clinical data through the analysis of post-infection pathological features. However, despite the potential insights, there is a paucity of research data pertaining to these infection models. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of recent progress in the development of animal models for coronaviruses that cause diseases in both humans and animals and suggest ways in which animal models can be adapted to further enhance their value in research.}, }
@article {pmid39861887, year = {2025}, author = {Vanderheiden, A and Diamond, MS}, title = {Animal Models of Non-Respiratory, Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39861887}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {R01 AI157155/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; P01 AI168347/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI157155/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P01 AI168347/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; F32 NS128065/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; F32 NS128065/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Animals ; *COVID-19/complications/pathology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Humans ; Cricetinae ; Primates ; }, abstract = {Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) are a diverse set of symptoms and syndromes driven by dysfunction of multiple organ systems that can persist for years and negatively impact the quality of life for millions of individuals. We currently lack specific therapeutics for patients with PASC, due in part to an incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis, especially for non-pulmonary sequelae. Here, we discuss three animal models that have been utilized to investigate PASC: non-human primates (NHPs), hamsters, and mice. We focus on neurological, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular PASC and highlight advances in mechanistic insight that have been made using these animal models, as well as discussing the sequelae that warrant continued and intensive research.}, }
@article {pmid39861857, year = {2025}, author = {Huang, D and Xuan, W and Li, Z}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 on Ocular Surface Health: Infection Mechanisms, Immune Modulation, and Inflammatory Responses.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39861857}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {21JCZD001//Basic Science Project of Henan Eye Institute/Henan Eye Hospital/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications/virology/pathology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology ; Inflammation/immunology/virology ; Immunity, Innate ; *Eye/virology/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology ; Adaptive Immunity ; Conjunctivitis/immunology/virology ; }, abstract = {COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has presented formidable challenges to global health since its emergence in late 2019. While primarily known for respiratory symptoms, it can also affect the ocular surface. This review summarizes the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on ocular surface immunity and inflammation, focusing on infection mechanisms, immune responses, and clinical manifestations. Ocular symptoms, though uncommon, include conjunctivitis, dry eye, and blurred vision. SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptors in ocular surface epithelial cells, facilitating viral entry, replication, and local dissemination. The innate immune responses involving corneal epithelial cells and immune cells are discussed, alongside mechanisms of antigen presentation and adaptive immunity. The review also examines the roles of cytokines and chemokines in mediating ocular surface inflammation and explores the impact of cytokine storms and chronic inflammation on ocular health. Additionally, the interplay between systemic and ocular immune responses is highlighted, analyzing how systemic COVID-19 inflammation influences ocular surface health. These insights underscore the broader implications of COVID-19 beyond localized ocular infection. By consolidating current findings, this review aims to guide preventive and therapeutic strategies while identifying directions for future research to mitigate the ocular consequences of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39861407, year = {2025}, author = {Grant, WB and Wimalawansa, SJ and Pludowski, P and Cheng, RZ}, title = {Vitamin D: Evidence-Based Health Benefits and Recommendations for Population Guidelines.}, journal = {Nutrients}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39861407}, issn = {2072-6643}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vitamin D/blood/analogs &amp; derivatives/administration &amp; dosage ; *Dietary Supplements ; *Vitamin D Deficiency/blood/prevention &amp; control ; Female ; *Evidence-Based Medicine ; Pregnancy ; *Nutrition Policy ; }, abstract = {Vitamin D offers numerous under-recognized health benefits beyond its well-known role in musculoskeletal health. It is vital for extra-renal tissues, prenatal health, brain function, immunity, pregnancy, cancer prevention, and cardiovascular health. Existing guidelines issued by governmental and health organizations are bone-centric and largely overlook the abovementioned extra-skeletal benefits and optimal thresholds for vitamin D. In addition, they rely on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which seldom show benefits due to high baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations, moderate supplementation doses, and flawed study designs. This review emphasizes the findings from prospective cohort studies showing that higher 25(OH)D concentrations reduce the risks of major diseases and mortality, including pregnancy and birth outcomes. Serum concentrations > 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) significantly lower disease and mortality risks compared to <20 ng/mL. With 25% of the U.S. population and 60% of Central Europeans having levels <20 ng/mL, concentrations should be raised above 30 ng/mL. This is achievable through daily supplementation with 2000 IU/day (50 mcg/day) of vitamin D3, which prevent diseases and deaths. Furthermore, a daily dose between 4000 and 6000 IU of vitamin D3 to achieve serum 25(OH)D levels between 40 and 70 ng/mL would provide greater protection against many adverse health outcomes. Future guidelines and recommendations should integrate the findings from observational prospective cohort studies and well-designed RCTs to improve public health and personalized care.}, }
@article {pmid39861359, year = {2025}, author = {Licata, A and Seidita, A and Como, S and de Carlo, G and Cammilleri, M and Bonica, R and Soresi, M and Veronese, N and Chianetta, R and Citarrella, R and Giannitrapani, L and Barbagallo, M}, title = {Herbal and Dietary Supplements as Adjunctive Treatment for Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Italy.}, journal = {Nutrients}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39861359}, issn = {2072-6643}, mesh = {Humans ; *Dietary Supplements ; Italy/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use ; *Phytotherapy ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *Plant Preparations/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, several observational studies proved a certain efficacy of nutraceuticals, herbal products, and other dietary supplements as adjuvant therapies used alongside antiviral drugs. Although their use has not been widespread in Italy, according to preliminary evidence, many supplements with demonstrated immunomodulatory effects, such as vitamins C and D, herbal medicines and essential oils, might relieve the respiratory symptoms of COVID-19, since SARS-CoV-2 can activate inflammasome-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways. Other observational studies have shown that herbal treatments, such as Echinacea purpurea and ginseng, help alleviate respiratory symptoms and reduce serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, which are typically overexpressed in both adult and pediatric SARS-CoV-2 patients. Further, vitamins C and D can attenuate the immune response thanks to their cytokine suppression ability and to their known antimicrobial activity and potential to modulate T helper cell response. The strong immune response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection is responsible for the severity of the disease. Preliminary data have also shown that L-arginine, an endothelial-derived relaxing factor, is able to modulate endothelial damage, which appears to be one of the main targets of this systemic disease. Finally, some essential oils and their isolated compounds, such as eucalyptol, may be helpful in reducing many of the respiratory symptoms of COVID-19, although others, such as menthol, are not recommended, since it can lead to an undervaluation of the clinical status of a patient. In this narrative review, despite the lack of strong evidence in this field, we aimed to give an overview of the current available literature (mainly observational and cross-sectional studies) regarding herbal products and dietary supplements and their use in the treatment of mild disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Obviously, dietary supplements and herbal products do not constitute a standardized treatment for COVID-19 disease, but they could represent an adjunctive and useful treatment when used together with antivirals.}, }
@article {pmid39861142, year = {2025}, author = {Gandhi, S and Iannacone, MR and Leapley, A and Wang, L and Mtenga, M and Younus, M and Wu, J}, title = {Real-Time Pharmacovigilance: Transforming Population-Based Monitoring of Post-Approval Vaccine Safety Through Rapid Cycle Analysis (RCA)-A Review of the Published Literature.}, journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39861142}, issn = {1424-8247}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: Rapid cycle analysis (RCA) is an established and efficient methodology that has been traditionally utilized by United States health authorities to monitor post-approval vaccine safety. Initially developed in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) in early 2000s, RCA has evolved into a valuable approach for timely post-approval signal detection. Due to the availability of additional near real-time data sources and enhanced analytic approaches, the use of RCA has expanded. This narrative review provides an in-depth assessment of studies that utilized RCA for safety surveillance to detect and evaluate safety signals in post-approval vaccine monitoring. Methods: Embase and Medline were searched on 8 August 2024 to identify post-approval non-interventional vaccine safety studies using RCA or other near real-time surveillance methods published from 1 January 2018 to 31 July 2024. Data on study characteristics (e.g., study population, data source, outcomes) and RCA methodological characteristics (e.g., type of comparator, sequential testing method, confounding control method) were extracted from the eligible RCA studies. Results: Of 1128 articles screened, 18 RCA vaccine safety studies were included, of which 17 (94.4%) were conducted in the United States (US). Twelve (67%) aimed at signal detection and six (33%) conducted further signal evaluation. Over 60% examined COVID-19 vaccine safety, with half using VSD. Over 80% conducted the RCA weekly or monthly and about 78% of the studies used a database-specific historical comparator group. Conclusions: This review indicates that most of the published articles on the application of the RCA methodology in vaccine safety studies are based on research conducted in the US. With increasing availability of near real-time data sources and advanced analytic methods capabilities, RCA is expected to be more widely deployed as an active surveillance tool to complement traditional pharmacovigilance. Future studies should explore the extension of vaccine RCA methodology for non-vaccine medicinal products.}, }
@article {pmid39860984, year = {2025}, author = {Mambelli, F and de Araujo, ACVSC and Farias, JP and de Andrade, KQ and Ferreira, LCS and Minoprio, P and Leite, LCC and Oliveira, SC}, title = {An Update on Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines and the Challenges to Protect Against New SARS-CoV-2 Variants.}, journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39860984}, issn = {2076-0817}, support = {2023/03874-3//FAPESP/ ; 2023/09226-3//FAPESP/ ; 2023/11077-6//FAPESP/ ; 2023/02577-5//FAPESP/ ; 2023/01925-0//FAPESP/ ; 2017/27131-9//FAPESP/ ; 169656/2023-3//CNPq/ ; 406703/2022-1//CNPq/ ; 303044/2020-9//CNPq/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology/virology/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Vaccination ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to global health systems, with extensive impacts across many sectors of society. The pandemic has been responsible for millions of deaths worldwide since its first identification in late 2019. Several actions have been taken to prevent the disease, including the unprecedented fast development and global vaccination campaigns, which were pivotal in reducing symptoms and deaths. Given the impact of the pandemic, the continuous changes of the virus, and present vaccine technologies, this review analyzes how, so far, we have met the challenge posed by the emergence of new variants and discusses how next-generation pan-coronavirus vaccines, with enhanced longevity and breadth of immune responses, may be tackled with alternative administration routes and antigen delivery platforms. By addressing these critical aspects, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to achieve long-term control of COVID-19, stimulating the discussion and work on next-generation vaccines capable of facing future waves of infection.}, }
@article {pmid39860981, year = {2024}, author = {De Jesús-González, LA and León-Juárez, M and Lira-Hernández, FI and Rivas-Santiago, B and Velázquez-Cervantes, MA and Méndez-Delgado, IM and Macías-Guerrero, DI and Hernández-Castillo, J and Hernández-Rodríguez, X and Calderón-Sandate, DN and Mata-Martínez, WS and Reyes-Ruíz, JM and Osuna-Ramos, JF and García-Herrera, AC}, title = {Advances and Challenges in Antiviral Development for Respiratory Viruses.}, journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39860981}, issn = {2076-0817}, mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/physiology ; Drug Development ; Virus Internalization/drug effects ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/virology ; Animals ; }, abstract = {The development of antivirals for respiratory viruses has advanced markedly in response to the growing threat of pathogens such as Influenzavirus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2. This article reviews the advances and challenges in this field, highlighting therapeutic strategies that target critical stages of the viral replication cycle, including inhibitors of viral entry, replication, and assembly. In addition, innovative approaches such as inhibiting host cellular proteins to reduce viral resistance and repurposing existing drugs are explored, using advanced bioinformatics tools that optimize the identification of antiviral candidates. The analysis also covers emerging technologies such as nanomedicine and CRISPR gene editing, which promise to improve the stability and efficacy of treatments. While current antivirals offer valuable options, they face challenges such as viral evolution and the need for accessible treatments for vulnerable populations. This article underscores the importance of continued innovation in biotechnology to overcome these limitations and provide safe and effective treatments. Combining traditional and advanced approaches in developing antivirals is essential in order to address respiratory viral diseases that affect global health.}, }
@article {pmid39860756, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, J and An, D and Zhang, Y and Wang, X and Wang, X and Wang, Q and Pan, Z and Yue, Y}, title = {A Review on Face Mask Recognition.}, journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39860756}, issn = {1424-8220}, support = {2023-CX-TD-03//Shaanxi Province Innovation Talent Promotion Program-Science and Technology Innovation Team/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Algorithms ; *Masks ; *Automated Facial Recognition/methods ; *Face ; COVID-19 ; }, abstract = {This review offers a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of face mask detection and recognition technologies, emphasizing their critical role in both public health and technological advancements. Existing detection methods are systematically categorized into three primary classes: feaRture-extraction-and-classification-based approaches, object-detection-models-based methods and multi-sensor-fusion-based methods. Through a detailed comparison, their respective workflows, strengths, limitations, and applicability across different contexts are examined. The review underscores the paramount importance of accurate face mask detection, especially in response to global public health challenges such as pandemics. A central focus is placed on the role of datasets in driving algorithmic performance, addressing key factors, including dataset diversity, scale, annotation granularity, and modality. The integration of depth and infrared data is explored as a promising avenue for improving robustness in real-world conditions, highlighting the advantages of multimodal datasets in enhancing detection capabilities. Furthermore, the review discusses the synergistic use of real-world and synthetic datasets in overcoming challenges such as dataset bias, scalability, and resource scarcity. Emerging solutions, such as lightweight model optimization, domain adaptation, and privacy-preserving techniques, are also examined as means to improve both algorithmic efficiency and dataset quality. By synthesizing the current state of the field, identifying prevailing challenges, and outlining potential future research directions, this paper aims to contribute to the development of more effective, scalable, and robust face mask detection systems for diverse real-world applications.}, }
@article {pmid39860512, year = {2025}, author = {Guntinas-Lichius, O and Bitter, T and Takes, R and Lee, VHF and Saba, NF and Mäkitie, AA and Kowalski, LP and Nixon, IJ and Ferlito, A}, title = {Post COVID-19 and Long COVID Symptoms in Otorhinolaryngology-A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39860512}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Post/Long COVID (syndrome) is defined as a condition with symptoms persisting for more than 12 weeks after the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection that cannot be explained otherwise. The prevalence of self-reported otorhinolaryngological Post/Long COVID symptoms is high. The aim of this review was to analyze the current literature regarding the actual prevalence, knowledge of the etiopathology, and evidence-based treatment recommendations of otorhinolaryngology-related Post/Long COVID symptoms. A systematic literature search of articles published since 2019 in PubMed and ScienceDirect was performed and resulted in 108 articles. These were the basis for this review and formed a comprehensive series of consented therapy statements on the most important of otorhinolaryngology-related Post/Long COVID symptoms. Otorhinolaryngological symptoms did not appear isolated but as part of a multi-organ syndrome. Self-reported otorhinolaryngology-related Post/Long COVID symptoms were often not confirmed by objective testing. The confirmed prevalence estimated for anosmia, dysgeusia, cough, facial palsy, hoarseness/dysphonia, acute hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo/dizziness was about 4%, 2%, 4-19%, 0%, 17-20%, 8%, 20%, and 5-26%, respectively. There are manifold theoretical concepts of the etiopathology of different symptoms, but there is no clear evidence-based proof. This certainly contributes to the fact that there is no effective specific treatment option for any of the symptoms mentioned. Healthcare pathways must be established so that otorhinolaryngological Post/Long COVID symptoms can be recognized and evaluated and otorhinolaryngologists can provide counseling. This would also help to establish and selectively include patients in clinical trials investigating specific therapeutic concepts.}, }
@article {pmid39860493, year = {2025}, author = {Jung, R and Oh, YS and Choi, S and Park, MS and Ha, HJ and Kim, NY and Wang, S and Seyedehmahla, H and Chang, Y and Song, TJ}, title = {Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19-Related Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Case Series.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39860493}, issn = {2077-0383}, support = {RS-2023-00262087//Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)/ ; }, abstract = {Background and Objectives: Although reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a rare disease, the condition may occur with COVID-19 infection. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of RCVS through a systematic review of case reports and case series that reported on COVID-19-related RCVS. Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed (MEDLINE), SCOPUS, and Web of Science. The search was confined to articles published between 17 November 2019 and 14 August 2024. The search terms were ("COVID-19" OR "SARS CoV-2") AND ("RCVS" OR "Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome"). The search protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024491818). A total of twenty-four cases were included, nine case series consisting of nineteen cases and five cases from our hospital. Clinical characteristics were investigated, including risk factors, symptoms, brain and angiographic findings, treatment options, and prognoses. Results: The average age was 37.1 years, and females comprised 70.8% of the cohort. COVID-19 vaccination was administered in five cases. Vasoconstriction was most frequently noted in middle cerebral arteries (90.9%). Among the included patients, 12 (50.0%) experienced strokes as a complication of RCVS, and the mortality rate was 9.1%. Follow-up imaging findings were available for 14 of the 24 cases (58.3%). Among these, vasoconstriction was fully improved in 64.3%, partially improved in 28.6%, and aggravated in 7.1%. Conclusions: While the recovery rate of vasoconstriction on brain angiographic findings was not uncommon, our systematic review indicates a potential for a relatively poor neurological prognosis in COVID-19-related RCVS.}, }
@article {pmid39860384, year = {2025}, author = {Basaca, DG and Jugănaru, I and Belei, O and Nicoară, DM and Asproniu, R and Stoicescu, ER and Mărginean, O}, title = {Long COVID in Children and Adolescents: Mechanisms, Symptoms, and Long-Term Impact on Health-A Comprehensive Review.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39860384}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is increasingly recognized as a condition affecting not only adults but also children and adolescents. While children often experience milder acute COVID-19 symptoms compared to adults, some develop persistent physical, psychological, and neurological symptoms lasting for weeks or months after initial infection. The most commonly reported symptoms include debilitating fatigue, respiratory issues, headaches, muscle pain, gastrointestinal disturbances, and cognitive difficulties, which significantly impact daily activities, schooling, and social interactions. Additionally, many children with long COVID experience psychological symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, mood swings, and irritability, likely exacerbated by prolonged illness and lifestyle disruptions. Risk factors for long COVID in children include pre-existing health conditions such as asthma, obesity, and neurological disorders, with adolescents and females seemingly more affected. Hypothesized mechanisms underlying long COVID include chronic immune dysregulation, persistent viral particles stimulating inflammation, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and mitochondrial impairment, which may collectively contribute to the variety of observed symptoms. Long-term outcomes remain uncertain; however, long COVID can lead to school absenteeism, social withdrawal, and psychological distress, potentially affecting cognitive development. Severe cases may develop chronic conditions such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and reduced exercise tolerance. This review synthesizes the existing literature on long COVID in children, examining its prevalence, symptomatology, risk factors, and potential mechanisms, with an emphasis on the need for further clinical studies. While existing research largely relies on surveys and self-reported data, clinical assessments are essential to accurately characterize long COVID in pediatric populations and to guide effective management strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39860219, year = {2025}, author = {Ren, J and Zhang, Z and Xia, Y and Zhao, D and Li, D and Zhang, S}, title = {Research Progress on the Structure and Function, Immune Escape Mechanism, Antiviral Drug Development Methods, and Clinical Use of SARS-CoV-2 M[pro].}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {30}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39860219}, issn = {1420-3049}, support = {2022QN079//The Natural Science Foundation of Southwest Medical University/ ; 00180156//Talent Recruitment Program of Southwest Medical University/ ; S202210632091//The College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program/ ; S202210632244//The College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use/chemistry ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/enzymology ; *Coronavirus 3C Proteases/chemistry/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; Drug Development ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Pandemics ; Immune Evasion ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; *Viral Nonstructural Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; *Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy/virology ; *Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy/virology ; }, abstract = {The three-year COVID-19 pandemic 'has' caused a wide range of medical, social, political, and financial implications. Since the end of 2020, various mutations and variations in SARS-CoV-2 strains, along with the immune escape phenomenon, have emerged. There is an urgent need to identify a relatively stable target for the development of universal vaccines and drugs that can effectively combat both SARS-CoV-2 strains and their mutants. Currently, the main focus in treating SARS-CoV-2 lies in disrupting the virus's life cycle. The main protease (M[pro]) is closely associated with virus replication and maturation and plays a crucial role in the early stages of infection. Consequently, it has become an important target for the development of SARS-CoV-2-specific drugs. This review summarizes the recent research progress on the novel coronavirus's main proteases, including the pivotal role of M[pro] in the virus's life cycle, the structure and catalytic mechanism of M[pro], the self-maturation mechanism of M[pro], the role of M[pro] in virus immune escape, the current methods of developing antiviral drugs targeting M[pro], and the key drugs that have successfully entered clinical trials. The aim is to provide researchers involved in the development of antiviral drugs targeting M[pro] with systematic and comprehensive information.}, }
@article {pmid39860053, year = {2025}, author = {Sanduzzi Zamparelli, S and Sanduzzi Zamparelli, A and Bocchino, M}, title = {Immune-Boosting and Antiviral Effects of Antioxidants in COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Therapeutic Perspective.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39860053}, issn = {2075-1729}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has profoundly impacted global health, with pneumonia emerging as a major complication in severe cases. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is marked by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an excessive inflammatory response, resulting in oxidative stress and significant tissue damage, particularly in the respiratory system. Antioxidants have garnered considerable attention for their potential role in managing COVID-19 pneumonia by mitigating oxidative stress and modulating immune responses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on the use of antioxidants in hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Studies exploring antioxidants, including vitamins, trace elements, nitric oxide (NO), ozone (O3), glutathione (GSH), L-carnitine, melatonin, bromelain, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and numerous polyphenols, have yielded promising outcomes. Through their ROS-scavenging properties, these molecules support endothelial function, reduce the thrombosis risk, and may help mitigate the effects of the cytokine storm, a key contributor to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Clinical evidence suggests that antioxidant supplementation may improve patient outcomes by decreasing inflammation, supporting immune cell function, and potentially shortening recovery times. Furthermore, these molecules may mitigate the symptoms of COVID-19 by exerting direct antiviral effects that inhibit the infection process and genomic replication of SARS-CoV-2 in host cells. Moreover, antioxidants may work synergistically with standard antiviral treatments to reduce viral-induced oxidative damage. By integrating findings from the literature with real-world data from our clinical experience, we gain a more profound understanding of the role of antioxidants in managing COVID-19 pneumonia. Further research combining comprehensive literature reviews with real-world data analysis is crucial to validate the efficacy of antioxidants and establish evidence-based guidelines for their use in clinical practice.}, }
@article {pmid39859984, year = {2025}, author = {Estela-Zape, JL and Sanclemente-Cardoza, V and Ordoñez-Mora, LT}, title = {Efficacy of Telerehabilitation Protocols for Improving Functionality in Post-COVID-19 Patients.}, journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39859984}, issn = {2075-1729}, support = {No. 01-2024//Universidad Santiago de Cali/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Telerehabilitation is essential for the recovery of post-COVID-19 patients, improving exercise tolerance, dyspnea, functional capacity, and daily activity performance. This study aimed to describe telerehabilitation protocols specifically designed for individuals with post-COVID-19 sequelae.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted with registration number CRD42023423678, based on searches developed in the following databases: ScienceDirect, Scopus, Dimensions.ai and PubMed, using keywords such as "telerehabilitation" and "COVID-19". The final search date was July 2024. The selection of studies involved an initial calibration process, followed by independent filtering by the researchers. The selection criteria were applied prior to critical appraisal, data extraction, and the risk of bias assessment.<br><br>RESULTS: After reviewing 405 full-text papers, 14 articles were included that focused on telerehabilitation interventions for post-COVID-19 patients. These interventions were designed for remote delivery and included exercise protocols, vital sign monitoring, and virtual supervision by physical therapists. The studies reported improvements in physical function, muscle performance, lung capacity, and psychological outcomes. Significant gains were observed in strength, mobility, and functional capacity, as well as reductions in dyspnea, fatigue, and improvements in quality of life, particularly in social domains. Intervention protocols included aerobic, strength, and respiratory exercises, monitored using tools such as heart rate monitors and smartphones.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Telerehabilitation positively impacts lung volumes, pulmonary capacities, dyspnea reduction, functionality, muscle performance, and independence in post-COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid39859492, year = {2025}, author = {Hao, Y and Lee, YJ and Yap, K and Samuel, M and Chow, VT}, title = {Comparison of Respiratory Microbiomes in Influenza Versus Other Respiratory Infections: Systematic Review and Analysis.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39859492}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Humans ; *Influenza, Human/microbiology ; *Microbiota ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; *Respiratory System/microbiology ; COVID-19/microbiology ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Adult ; Child ; }, abstract = {Studies have indicated the potential importance of the human nasal and respiratory microbiomes in health and disease. However, the roles of these microbiomes in the pathogenesis of influenza and its complications are not fully understood. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and analysis is to identify the patterns of nasal and respiratory microbiome dysbiosis and to define the unique signature bacteria associated with influenza compared with other respiratory tract infections. We compared the respiratory microbiome composition between influenza patients and healthy controls; across different influenza severities; in adult versus pediatric influenza patients; as well as influenza versus other respiratory infections. The desired outcomes include the signature bacteria in each cohort and the Shannon index to reflect the alpha diversity. Of the 2269 articles identified, 31 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These studies investigated the respiratory tract microbiomes of patients with influenza, COVID-19, pneumonia, other respiratory infections, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Our review revealed that the phylum Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, genus Actinomyces, Streptococcus and Granulicatella, and species Neisseria are more prominent in severe influenza than mild to moderate influenza. Reduced microbiome alpha diversity is noted in influenza patients compared to healthy controls. There are some similarities and differences between the signature bacteria in pediatric and adult influenza patients, e.g., Streptococcus is common in both age groups, whereas Pseudomonas is associated with adults. Intriguingly, there is a common predominance of Streptococcus and Firmicutes among influenza and pneumonia patients. COVID-19 patients exhibit an increased abundance of Firmicutes as well as Pseudomonas. In CRS patients, Proteobacteria and Haemophilus are found in high abundance. This review highlights some similarities and differences in the respiratory microbiomes and their signature organisms in influenza of varying severity and in different age groups compared with other respiratory infections. The dysbiosis of the respiratory microbiomes in these respiratory infections enhances our understanding of their underlying pathogenic mechanisms.}, }
@article {pmid39859366, year = {2025}, author = {Alicia, LB and María Ángeles, OG and Desirée, MG and Maximino, R and Marilina, GA}, title = {Utility of Protein Markers in COVID-19 Patients.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39859366}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/metabolism/blood ; *Biomarkers/blood/metabolism ; C-Reactive Protein/metabolism/analysis ; Interleukin-6/blood ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Proteomics/methods ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 has been a challenge at the healthcare level not only in the early stages of the pandemic, but also in the subsequent appearance of long-term COVID-19. Several investigations have attempted to identify proteomic biomarkers in an attempt to improve clinical care, guide treatment and predict possible patient outcomes. Proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP) or interleukin 6 (IL-6) are clear markers of severe disease, but many others have been proposed that could help in risk stratification and in the prediction of specific complications. This review aims to bring together the most relevant studies in this regard, providing information to identify the most notable biomarkers in relation to COVID-19 found to date.}, }
@article {pmid39859315, year = {2025}, author = {Tu, G and Zheng, H and Yang, J and Zhou, H and Feng, C and Gao, H}, title = {High-Performance Polyolefin Material: Synthesis, Properties, and Application of Poly(4-Methyl-1-pentene).}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39859315}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {52173016//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021YFB3800701//State Key Research Development Program of China/ ; 2024A1515012784, 2024A1515011102, and 2023A1515110549//Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; 24qnpy047//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Sun Yat-sen University/ ; 2022DJ6308//PetroChina Projects/ ; }, mesh = {*Polyenes/chemistry/chemical synthesis ; Humans ; Catalysis ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry/chemical synthesis ; *Polymers/chemistry/chemical synthesis ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {As a kind of high-performance thermoplastic crystalline resin, poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP) is characterized by its low density, low dielectric constant, exceptional mechanical and chemical properties, high transparency, and gas permeability. PMP has recently received more attention since COVID-19, because it is used as a hollow-fiber membrane for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) based on its high permeability and excellent biocompatibility. This review summarizes the chemical structure, synthesis, properties, and application of PMP. The advancements in catalyst systems for the catalytic synthesis of PMP, including Ziegler-Natta, metallocene, post-metallocene, and late-transition metal catalysts are emphasized. Furthermore, the molecular chain structure, helical conformation, and crystallization morphology of PMP, as well as its properties and applications, are also introduced in detail. Additionally, PMP composites and functional PMP materials are also described as promising and high-performance materials.}, }
@article {pmid39859094, year = {2025}, author = {Ukaegbu, E and Tilektes, M and Sarria-Santamera, A}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 on Utilization of Healthcare Services Among People Living with HIV (PLHIV): A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)}, volume = {61}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39859094}, issn = {1648-9144}, support = {NU 021220CRP0822//Nazarbayev University/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *HIV Infections/therapy/epidemiology ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Female ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Background and Objectives: People living with HIV/AIDS have been impacted notably by the COVID-19 pandemic in diverse dimensions. Although some impacts of COVID-19 on PLHIV have been well documented, there is still insufficient research that captures the overall understanding of the implications of COVID-19 for the healthcare utilization among PLHIV. This review aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on PLHIV, narrowing it down to women living with HIV/AIDS. Materials and Methods: An electronic database search of primary studies that obtained information from health facility data regarding PLHIV since 2020 was carried out according to the PRISMA statement. A combination of search terms, e.g., "COVID-19 pandemic", "SARS-CoV-2", "Health services utilization", "People living with Human immunodeficiency virus", was included. Results: There was an overall decline in the utilization of health services such as medical consultations, ART uptake, and viral load monitoring by PLHIV at primary health centers at the forefront of care delivery. However, the countries in the sub-Saharan African region showed a progressive service increase over the pandemic. There was a scarcity of research on the impact of COVID-19 on women populations living with HIV/AIDS. Other methods of healthcare delivery such as telemedicine and postage services were instrumental to the delivery of HIV care services. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic reduced the overall uptake of healthcare services among PLHIV and women living with HIV/AIDS. There is a need to boost research and strengthen health emergency preparedness for PLHIV, particularly women living with HIV/AIDS, during pandemics and further harness and maximize the use of contemporary healthcare delivery methods other than the traditional ones.}, }
@article {pmid39858903, year = {2025}, author = {Justiz-Vaillant, A and Roopnarine, K and Solomon, S and Phillips, A and Sandy, S and Subero, A and Seepersad, S and Span, N and Ramnath, P and Ramnarine, A and Ramdath, B and Rampaul, C and Ramdial, R and Phagoo, D and Ramdhanie, T and Moonilal, V and Poliah, EM and Poonwassie, S and Punilal, K and Panchoo, S and Parris, J and Oudit, S and Muir, T and Nicholas-Joseph, J and Pandit, BR and Pakeerah, S and Sookoo, V and Richards, P and John, T and Gopaul, D and Soodeen, S and Arozarena-Barbosa, O and Williams, A and Unakal, C and Fundora, RA and Thompson, R and Akpaka, PE}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness and Safety in Trinidad and Tobago: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39858903}, issn = {2076-2607}, abstract = {This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness and side effects of various COVID-19 vaccines, with a focus on Trinidad and Tobago. The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines demonstrated the highest efficacy, particularly against COVID-19 variants, while Janssen and Sinopharm were comparatively less effective. mRNA vaccines, such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca, were associated with more frequent and severe side effects, including soreness, fever, and cardiovascular issues. The review also identified significant gaps in the current scientific literature regarding COVID-19 vaccination issues in Trinidad and Tobago. These gaps highlight the need for comprehensive research to address vaccination challenges, including public health communication, equitable access, and local perceptions of vaccine safety. This analysis provides a foundation for developing targeted strategies to improve vaccine effectiveness in the region.}, }
@article {pmid39858858, year = {2025}, author = {Onisiforou, A and Charalambous, EG and Zanos, P}, title = {Shattering the Amyloid Illusion: The Microbial Enigma of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis-From Gut Microbiota and Viruses to Brain Biofilms.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39858858}, issn = {2076-2607}, support = {#101031962//European Commission Marie Sk&#x142;odowska-Curie fellowship/ ; EXCELLENCE/0421/0543//Research &amp; Innovation Foundation of Cyprus - Excellence Hubs 2021/ ; NA//IDSA Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {For decades, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research has focused on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which identifies amyloid-beta (Aβ) as the primary driver of the disease. However, the consistent failure of Aβ-targeted therapies to demonstrate efficacy, coupled with significant safety concerns, underscores the need to rethink our approach to AD treatment. Emerging evidence points to microbial infections as environmental factors in AD pathoetiology. Although a definitive causal link remains unestablished, the collective evidence is compelling. This review explores unconventional perspectives and emerging paradigms regarding microbial involvement in AD pathogenesis, emphasizing the gut-brain axis, brain biofilms, the oral microbiome, and viral infections. Transgenic mouse models show that gut microbiota dysregulation precedes brain Aβ accumulation, emphasizing gut-brain signaling pathways. Viral infections like Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead to AD by modulating host processes like the immune system. Aβ peptide's antimicrobial function as a response to microbial infection might inadvertently promote AD. We discuss potential microbiome-based therapies as promising strategies for managing and potentially preventing AD progression. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) restores gut microbial balance, reduces Aβ accumulation, and improves cognition in preclinical models. Probiotics and prebiotics reduce neuroinflammation and Aβ plaques, while antiviral therapies targeting HSV-1 and vaccines like the shingles vaccine show potential to mitigate AD pathology. Developing effective treatments requires standardized methods to identify and measure microbial infections in AD patients, enabling personalized therapies that address individual microbial contributions to AD pathogenesis. Further research is needed to clarify the interactions between microbes and Aβ, explore bacterial and viral interplay, and understand their broader effects on host processes to translate these insights into clinical interventions.}, }
@article {pmid39858831, year = {2025}, author = {Garcia-Rodriguez, J and Janvier, F and Kill, C}, title = {Key Insights into Respiratory Virus Testing: Sensitivity and Clinical Implications.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39858831}, issn = {2076-2607}, abstract = {Acute respiratory infections are a significant challenge in primary care and hospital settings. Viruses are the most common etiology and the overlapping symptomatology among major respiratory viruses, such as influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and respiratory syncytial virus, requires the use of diagnostic tests that deliver early and accurate results. With the increasing availability of rapid antigen tests (RATS), it is tempting to prefer them over polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. However, compelling arguments support the existing recommendations in some European countries to maintain PCR testing for patient management throughout the year. RATs show sensitivities below 30% with lower viral loads, which are common and can have significant clinical implications. RATs perform well at lower cycle threshold (Ct) values, with sensitivity reaching 97.9% for Ct values below 20, which drops significantly for values above 25. Factors affecting viral load include disease stage, vaccination status, and viral variants, all of which can compromise the accuracy of antigen tests. Multi-target PCR tests effectively overcome these issues, ensuring reliable diagnosis. Additionally, the early detection of paucisymptomatic cases is essential in primary care and hospital settings to facilitate isolation and prevent secondary infections. Economic analyses support the use of comprehensive PCR tests, such as triplex-type tests, detecting SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses, and RSV, as a first-line approach, as they can reduce case numbers and healthcare resource utilization. Maintaining PCR testing year-round is therefore crucial for the effective management of respiratory infections.}, }
@article {pmid39858529, year = {2025}, author = {Rizatdinova, SN and Ershova, AE and Astrakhantseva, IV}, title = {Pseudotyped Viruses: A Useful Platform for Pre-Clinical Studies Conducted in a BSL-2 Laboratory Setting.}, journal = {Biomolecules}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39858529}, issn = {2218-273X}, support = {24-25-20139//Russian Science Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/virology ; Animals ; Virus Internalization ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; }, abstract = {The study of pathogenic viruses has always posed significant biosafety challenges. In particular, the study of highly pathogenic viruses requires methods with low biological risk but relatively high sensitivity and convenience in detection. In recent years, pseudoviruses, which consist of a backbone of one virus and envelope proteins of another virus, have become one of the most widely used tools for exploring the mechanisms of viruses binding to cells, membrane fusion and viral entry, as well as for screening the libraries of antiviral substances, evaluating the potential of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, developing neutralization tests, and therapeutic platforms. During the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pseudotyped virus-based assays played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of virus-cell interactions and the role of its proteins in disease pathogenesis. Such tools facilitated the search for potential therapeutic agents and accelerated epidemiological studies on post-infection and post-vaccination humoral immunity. This review focuses on the use of pseudoviruses as a model for large-scale applications to study enveloped viruses.}, }
@article {pmid39858469, year = {2025}, author = {Barros de Lima, G and Nencioni, E and Thimoteo, F and Perea, C and Pinto, RFA and Sasaki, SD}, title = {TMPRSS2 as a Key Player in Viral Pathogenesis: Influenza and Coronaviruses.}, journal = {Biomolecules}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39858469}, issn = {2218-273X}, support = {2018/ 11874-5//Funda&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Amparo &#xe0; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#xe3;o Paulo/ ; 001//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; *Influenza, Human/virology/drug therapy/metabolism ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Animals ; }, abstract = {TMPRSS2, a human transmembrane protease enzyme, plays a crucial role in the spread of certain viruses, including influenza and coronaviruses. This enzyme promotes viral infection by cleaving viral glycoproteins, which helps viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A enter cells more effectively. Genetic differences in TMPRSS2 may affect people's susceptibility to COVID-19, underscoring the need for studies that consider diverse populations. Beyond infectious diseases, TMPRSS2 has also been linked to some cancers, suggesting it could be a valuable target for drug development. This review provides a summary of TMPRSS2 inhibitors currently under study, with some already in clinical trials to test their effectiveness against viral infections. As we uncover more about TMPRSS2's role in pathogenesis, it could open new doors for therapies to combat future outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid39858385, year = {2025}, author = {Al Hussain, SK and Deslandes, R and Edwards, D and Hodson, KL}, title = {Oral Antibacterial Drug Prescribing in Primary Care Out-of-Hours Services: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39858385}, issn = {2079-6382}, abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a critical threat to global health. Primary care plays a significant role in this crisis, with oral antibacterial drugs among the most prescribed medications. Antibacterial prescribing rates are often high and complicated in out-of-hours (OOH) services, including weekdays outside regular hours, weekends, and holidays, potentially exacerbating AMR. This review aims to identify the existing literature on oral antibacterial drug prescribing within primary care OOH services.<br><br>METHODS: This review followed established frameworks, adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines, and the protocol was registered on Open Science Framework. Seven databases were searched from 2017 to May 2022. Data were summarised, tabulated, and presented narratively to explore themes and patterns that aligned with the review objectives.<br><br>RESULTS: The search identified 28 studies from nine high-income countries, mainly the UK (n = 6) and Belgium (n = 5). Most were quantitative studies (n = 23). Key areas identified included common oral antibacterial prescriptions, prescribing trends, presentations and conditions managed in OOH services, factors and predictors associated with prescribing, prescribing appropriateness, the impact of interventions on prescribing, prescribing in the context of COVID-19, patient satisfaction and expectations, and the challenges encountered, such as factors influencing prescribing behaviour and decision making, safety netting, and communication.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights key areas around oral antibacterial prescribing in primary care OOH services. Despite the numerous articles identified covering various areas within OOH services, the variability in OOH services approaches across countries and studies complicates the comparison of practice. Further research is needed to better understand practices in these settings.}, }
@article {pmid39858349, year = {2025}, author = {Sakalauskienė, GV and Malcienė, L and Stankevičius, E and Radzevičienė, A}, title = {Unseen Enemy: Mechanisms of Multidrug Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens.}, journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39858349}, issn = {2079-6382}, abstract = {Multidrug antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a formidable challenge in the therapy of infectious diseases, triggered by the particularly concerning gram-negative Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. (ESKAPE) pathogens. Designated as a "priority" in 2017, these bacteria continue to pose a significant threat in 2024, particularly during the worldwide SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, where coinfections with ESKAPE members contributed to worsened patient outcomes. The declining effectiveness of current treatments against these pathogens has led to an increased disease burden and an increase in mortality rates globally. This review explores the sophisticated mechanisms driving AMR in gram-negative ESKAPE bacteria, focusing on Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. Key bacterial mechanisms contributing to resistance include limitations in drug uptake, production of antibiotic-degrading enzymes, alterations in drug target sites, and enhanced drug efflux systems. Comprehending these pathways is vital for formulating innovative therapeutic strategies and tackling the ongoing threat posed by these resistant pathogens.}, }
@article {pmid39858149, year = {2025}, author = {Baek, SH and Park, JE}, title = {Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus: An Overview of Virus Structure and Virus-Host Interactions.}, journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39858149}, issn = {2076-2615}, support = {RS-2024-00345532//National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT)/ ; }, abstract = {SADS-CoV, a recently identified Rhinolophus bat coronavirus HKU2-associated swine coronavirus, is a malignant pathogen that causes acute diarrhea, severe diarrhea, and weight loss in infected piglets. The virus was first detected in Guangdong Province, China, in 2017 and has since been observed in Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangxi Provinces. In 2023, the virus was detected in Henan Province, in inland China. This virus can infect various cell lines, including human cell lines, showing significant potential for cross-species transmission and posing a possible zoonotic threat. However, the molecular biology of SADS-CoV remains largely unknown, and there are no commercially available therapeutics or vaccines to prevent SADS-CoV infection. In this review, an update on progress in SADS-CoV research is provided, with a focus on the history of outbreaks, the characteristics of the virus, its interactions with the host, and developments in therapeutics and vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid39857924, year = {2025}, author = {Demir, A and Aydin, A and Büyükgebiz, A}, title = {Thematic Review of Endocrine Disruptors and Their Role in Shaping Pubertal Timing.}, journal = {Children (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39857924}, issn = {2227-9067}, support = {3583, 5593//Suomen L&#xe4;&#xe4;ketieteen S&#xe4;&#xe4;ti&#xf6; (Finnish Medical Foundation)/ ; 2024//Lastentautien Tutkimuss&#xe4;&#xe4;ti&#xf6; (Foundation for Pediatric Research in Finland)/ ; 04877942//University of Helsinki/ ; }, abstract = {This review examines the inconsistent effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pollutants on pubertal timing, emphasizing the methodological challenges contributing to variability in findings. Data from nine key studies reveal that chemicals such as BPA, phthalates, and PFAS impact pubertal onset differently based on exposure timing, dosage, and sex. For instance, BPA is linked to earlier puberty in girls but delayed onset in boys, while other EDCs show mixed effects across populations. These discrepancies often arise from challenges in study design, such as the difficulty in establishing reliable control groups, accurately measuring exposures, and accounting for confounding factors like socioeconomic status, diet, and obesity. Sex-specific differences and environmental shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic, including increased indoor exposure and stress, further complicate the picture. These factors highlight the urgent need for more robust research methodologies, including standardized exposure assessments and longitudinal studies, to clarify the mechanisms driving these effects. Despite these challenges, the findings stress the importance of public health interventions, such as stricter EDC regulations, improved pollutant monitoring, and minimizing exposures during sensitive developmental windows. Addressing methodological gaps is crucial for producing reliable, actionable insights to protect adolescent development from the adverse effects of EDCs.}, }
@article {pmid39857492, year = {2024}, author = {Zhou, H and Kalembo, F and Nair, A and Lim, E and Hou, XY and Ng, L}, title = {Unravelling Factors Shaping International Students' Learning and Mental Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39857492}, issn = {1660-4601}, mesh = {*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Mental Health ; *Students/psychology ; *Learning ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {The international tertiary education sector was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic due to the risk of negative learning and psychosocial experiences. Most international students who remained in the host countries demonstrated admirable resilience and adaptability during those challenging times. An integrative review of factors shaping international students' learning and mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Five electronic databases-CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, and Web of Science-were searched from 2020 to 2023 using the key search terms 'international students', 'tertiary education', 'mental health and wellbeing', and 'COVID'. A total of 38 studies were included in this review. They revealed six factors across learning and psychosocial experiences. Predisposing factors for maladjustments included the students being younger and possessing poor English proficiency. Precipitating factors were related to online teaching/learning, and lack of accessibility and or insufficient learning and living resources. Perpetuating factors pertained to living arrangements. The protective factor identified was institutional support. This review highlighted that multifaceted factors were associated with international students' experiences and mental health and wellbeing. In-depth understanding of risk and protective factors can help policymakers to prepare for unprecedented challenges and reduce disruptions to international students' education and mental health when studying abroad.}, }
@article {pmid39857454, year = {2024}, author = {Kolahdooz, F and Jang, SL and Deck, S and Ilkiw, D and Omoro, G and Rautio, A and Pirkola, S and Møller, H and Ferguson, G and Evengård, B and Mantla-Look, L and DeLancey, D and Corriveau, A and Irlbacher-Fox, S and Wagg, A and Roache, C and Rittenbach, K and Conter, HJ and Falk, R and Sharma, S}, title = {A Scoping Review of the Current Knowledge of the Social Determinants of Health and Infectious Diseases (Specifically COVID-19, Tuberculosis, and H1N1 Influenza) in Canadian Arctic Indigenous Communities.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39857454}, issn = {1660-4601}, support = {FRN 172676/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; N/A//Hoffman-La Roche Limited/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/ethnology ; *Social Determinants of Health ; Canada/epidemiology ; *Influenza, Human/epidemiology/ethnology ; Arctic Regions/epidemiology ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; *Tuberculosis/epidemiology/ethnology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Indigenous Canadians ; }, abstract = {Social determinants of health (SDHs) and the impact of colonization can make Canadian Arctic Indigenous communities susceptible to infectious diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This scoping review followed the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews and studied what is known about selected pandemics (COVID-19, tuberculosis, and H1N1 influenza) and SDHs (healthcare accessibility, food insecurity, mental health, cultural continuity, housing, community infrastructure, and socioeconomic status (SES)) for Canadian Arctic Indigenous communities. Original studies published in English and French up to October 2024 were located in databases (PubMed, Medline, and CINAHL), AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, and through reference tracking. We included 118 studies: 6 relating to COVID-19, 5 to influenza, 5 to TB, 27 to food insecurity, 26 to healthcare access, 22 to mental health, 9 to SES, 8 to housing, 7 to cultural continuity, and 3 to community infrastructure. SDHs affecting Indigenous individuals include food insecurity, limited healthcare access, mental health challenges, low SES, suboptimal housing, and limited cultural continuity. These findings are relevant to other Arctic regions. It is crucial to understand how SDHs impact the health of Arctic communities and to utilize this information to inform policy and practice decisions for pandemic prevention, management, and treatment. Many SDHs pose challenges for preventing and managing infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39857166, year = {2025}, author = {Karimi, SM and Khan, SM and Moghadami, M and Parh, MYA and Shakib, SH and Zarei, H and Poursafargholi, S and Little, BB}, title = {Multidimensional Demographic Analyses of COVID-19 Vaccine Inequality in the United States: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39857166}, issn = {2227-9032}, support = {OGMB220965//Louisville Metro Department of Public Health and Wellness (LMPHW)/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 vaccination uptake is associated with demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and ethnicity-race in the United States (U.S.). Prior research predominantly analyzed COVID-19 vaccination uptake unidimensionally, limiting insights into multidimensional demographic inequalities. Multidimensional studies provide a closer insight into vaccination inequality and assist in designing more effective vaccination strategies.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: Review descriptive studies of the COVID-19 vaccination uptake across combinations of at least two of the three key demographic characteristics: age, sex, and ethnicity-race in the U.S.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and adhering to the PRISMA-ScR principles for reporting. Six impartial reviewers examined all of the papers. The data were obtained using a tailored data extraction template.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 2793 records were initially downloaded, 461 of them were dropped for duplication, and 2332 were reviewed. Based on the title and abstract reviews, 2115 records were excluded. After reviewing the full text of the remaining records, 212 more records were excluded. The remaining six records were reviewed to identify and compare their population, study period, data, the studied dose number, methodology, and results.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Multidimensional COVID-19 vaccine uptake analyses are rare and mostly focused on the dose-one vaccination. Improving researchers' access to immunization registry data while preserving data security is a prerequisite for such analyses.}, }
@article {pmid39857123, year = {2025}, author = {Ferrara, E and Scaramuzzino, M and Murmura, G and D'Addazio, G and Sinjari, B}, title = {Emerging Evidence on Balneotherapy and Thermal Interventions in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39857123}, issn = {2227-9032}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Post-COVID-19 syndrome affects 10-60% of SARS-CoV-2 survivors. While conventional treatments show limited efficacy, emerging evidence suggests the potential benefits of balneotherapy in managing persistent symptoms. We aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of balneotherapy and thermal treatment interventions in treating post-COVID-19 syndrome.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, searching major databases through 31 January 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and pilot studies investigating thermal spa treatments for adult post-COVID-19 patients.<br><br>RESULTS: Analysis of six eligible studies (n = 617) demonstrated significant therapeutic benefits. The largest cohort (n = 159) showed 47% reduction in fatigue and 48% reduction in muscle pain (p < 0.01). Comprehensive spa therapy achieved complete symptom resolution in one-third of the participants. Combined spa-ubiquinol therapy improved metabolic function (p < 0.05). All interventions demonstrated favorable safety profiles.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence suggests balneotherapy effectively ameliorates multiple post-COVID-19 symptoms, particularly fatigue, muscle pain, and exercise intolerance. While safety profiles appear favorable, larger randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols are needed to establish definitive therapeutic recommendations.}, }
@article {pmid39857114, year = {2025}, author = {Eldien, HMS and Almaeen, AH and El Fath, AA and Taha, AE and Ahmed, R and Elfadil, H and Hetta, HF}, title = {Unlocking the Potential of RNA Sequencing in COVID-19: Toward Accurate Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39857114}, issn = {2075-4418}, support = {(DSR 2020-04-2621)//Deanship of Scientific Research at Jouf University through research/ ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 has caused widespread morbidity and mortality, with its effects extending to multiple organ systems. Despite known risk factors for severe disease, including advanced age and underlying comorbidities, patient outcomes can vary significantly. This variability complicates efforts to predict disease progression and tailor treatment strategies. While diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are still under debate, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) has emerged as a promising tool to provide deeper insights into the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and guide personalized treatment. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We employed Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and relevant keywords to identify studies that explored the role of RNAseq in COVID-19 diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics. RNAseq has proven instrumental in identifying molecular biomarkers associated with disease severity in patients with COVID-19. It allows for the differentiation between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals and sheds light on the immune response mechanisms that contribute to disease progression. In critically ill patients, RNAseq has been crucial for identifying key genes that may predict patient outcomes, guiding therapeutic decisions, and assessing the long-term effects of the virus. Additionally, RNAseq has helped in understanding the persistence of viral RNA after recovery, offering new insights into the management of post-acute sequelae, including long COVID. RNA sequencing significantly improves COVID-19 management, particularly for critically ill patients, by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatment, and predicting therapeutic responses. It refines patient stratification, improving outcomes, and holds promise for targeted interventions in both acute and long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid39857007, year = {2025}, author = {Lakshmanan, K and Liu, BM}, title = {Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39857007}, issn = {2075-4418}, support = {P30 AI117970/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U54 AI150225/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; P30AI117970; U54AI150225/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {With the advent of a variety of vaccines against viral infections, there are multiple viruses that can be prevented via vaccination. However, breakthrough infections or uncovered strains can still cause vaccine-preventable viral infections (VPVIs). Therefore, timely diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of these viruses is critical to patient care and public health. Point-of-care (POC) viral diagnostics tools have brought significant improvements in the detection and management of VPVIs. These cutting-edge technologies enable prompt and accurate results, enhancing patient care by facilitating timely treatment decisions. This review delves into the advancements in POC testing, including antigen/antibody detection and molecular assays, while focusing on their impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of VPVIs such as mpox, viral hepatitis, influenza, flaviviruses (dengue, Zika, and yellow fever virus), and COVID-19. The role of POC tests in monitoring viral infection is crucial for tracking disease progression and managing outbreaks. Furthermore, the application of POC diagnostics has shown to be vital for public health strategies. In this review, we also highlight emerging POC technologies such as CRISPR-based diagnostics and smartphone-integrated POC devices, which have proven particularly beneficial in resource-limited settings. We underscore the importance of continued research to optimize these diagnostic tools for wider global use for mpox, viral hepatitis, influenza, dengue, and COVID-19, while also addressing current challenges related to their sensitivity, specificity, availability, efficiency, and more.}, }
@article {pmid39856670, year = {2025}, author = {Bouchlaghem, MA and Estey-Amyot, Z and Ethier, E and Anohim, M and Ouellet-Pelletier, ML and Langlois, L and Pageau, F}, title = {Ethical issues raised in the care of the elderly during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and possible solutions for the future: a systematic review of qualitative scientific literature.}, journal = {BMC medical ethics}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {10}, pmid = {39856670}, issn = {1472-6939}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Aged ; Pandemics ; Qualitative Research ; *Health Services for the Aged/ethics ; Decision Making/ethics ; Health Personnel/ethics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led governments worldwide to make ethically controversial decisions. As a result, healthcare professionals are facing several ethical dilemmas, especially in terms of healthcare services provided to senior citizens. Thus, the aim of this review is to identify and categorize ethical dilemmas as well as propose solutions regarding health care services for elderly individuals.<br><br>METHODS: A qualitative systematic review of the literature was undertaken in the first tier of the pandemic. All identified scientific and editorial articles published in English or French between December 2019 and October 2021 were included. An article was excluded if it was commercial, did not address an issue in the care of the elderly or present any qualitative data. Article eligibility was determined through a process of triangulation among three independent reviewers.<br><br>RESULTS: Initially, 69 articles met our inclusion criteria and were selected for this review. These studies can be divided into 2 distinct categories: scientific articles (17 studies) and expert opinion articles (52 articles). However, due to the large quantity of qualitative data that was extracted, only the results from the scientific literature are presented here. The analysis of the data of 17 studies has allowed the emergence of 2 main themes of ethical dilemmas: 1) access to care (3 subthemes: A) triage decisions for admission, B) access to the intensive care unit and C) vaccine allocation) and 2) infection control decisions (2 subthemes: (D) isolation and E) autonomy). Our results also revealed 4 categories of potential solutions to the encountered ethical dilemmas, namely, optimal protocols, enhanced communication, caregiver support and technological assistance (virtual team-based, AI).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The ethical dilemmas that emerged from our results highlight the interest of a serious international discussion around the phenomena of ageism and its potential ethical implications for health care workers (be it under normal circumstances or exceptional circumstances such as those of a pandemic). We highly recommend that future research be undertaken to test the efficacy of the proposed solutions in providing age-friendly, dilemma-free health care and environments.}, }
@article {pmid39856588, year = {2025}, author = {Bou Sanayeh, E and Al Mahmasani, L and Khamis, Z and Barakat, S and El Chamieh, C and Khattar, G and Matar, A and Kreidieh, F and Temraz, S}, title = {COVID-19 associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report and review of the literature.}, journal = {Expert review of hematology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-15}, doi = {10.1080/17474086.2025.2459260}, pmid = {39856588}, issn = {1747-4094}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication whose association with COVID-19 is controversial. Understanding this connection is essential due to its significant impact on patient outcomes, and timely diagnosis and intervention are critical in managing this condition effectively.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: This paper presents a case of TTP triggered by COVID-19 infection in a 48-year-old female. Additionally, a comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, from inception through August 2024, to identify all published cases of COVID-19-associated TTP. The literature search focused on adult cases of TTP secondary to COVID-19 infection, highlighting the treatments used and patient outcomes.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: In this report, we highlight the importance of recognizing TTP as a possible complication of COVID-19. While the standard treatment for TTP - plasma exchange and corticosteroids - remains the primary approach, we note that COVID-19-related cases exhibit a high risk of early relapse, as seen in our patient. The literature review suggests that TTP triggered by COVID-19 may have unique characteristics, such as a persistent low ADAMTS13 activity and increased relapse rates. Larger studies are necessary to develop optimal treatment guidelines and understand whether the presence of COVID-19 alters the typical clinical course of TTP.}, }
@article {pmid39856560, year = {2025}, author = {Dykgraaf, SH and Parkinson, A and Wright, M and Wong, WCW and Desborough, J and Ball, L and Sturgiss, E and Dut, GM and Barnes, K and Butler, D and Davis, S and Douglas, K and Kendir, C and Martin, D and Marten, R and Rouleau, K and Barkley, S and de Toca, L and Kidd, M}, title = {Ten pressure points in primary care during COVID-19: findings from an international narrative review.}, journal = {BMC primary care}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {19}, pmid = {39856560}, issn = {2731-4553}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; *Primary Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Global Health ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Strong primary care (PC) services are the foundation of high-performing health care systems and can support effective responses to public health emergencies. Primary care practitioners (PCPs) and PC services played crucial roles in supporting global health system responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these contributions have come at a cost, impacting on PC services and affecting patient care. This secondary analysis of data from an integrative systematic review across international PC settings aimed to identify and describe burdens and challenges experienced by PCPs and PC services in the context of their contributions to COVID-19 pandemic responses.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted an integrative systematic review and narrative analysis, searching PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Proquest Central and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, plus reference lists of key publications. Included studies were published in peer-reviewed English or Chinese language journals, and described collective responses to COVID-19 undertaken in PC settings or by PCPs. Narrative data regarding impacts on PC services and challenges experienced by PCPs were extracted and analysed using inductive coding and thematic analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: From 1745 screened papers 108, representing 90 countries, were included. Seventy-eight contained data on negative impacts, challenges or issues encountered in PC. Ten 'pressure points' affecting PC during COVID-19 were identified, clustered in four themes: demand to adopt new ways of working; pressure to respond to fluctuating community needs; strain on PC resources and systems; and ambiguity in interactions with the broader health and social care system.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: PCPs and PC services made critical functional contributions to health system responsiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, both practitioners and PC settings were individually and collectively impacted during this period as a result of changing demands in the PC environment and the operational burden of additional requirements imposed on the sector, offering lessons for future pandemics. This study articulates ten empirically derived 'pressure points' that provide an initial understanding of burdens and demands imposed on the international primary care sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of these contributions should inform future pandemic planning, guided by involvement of PCPs in public health preparedness and policy design.}, }
@article {pmid39855660, year = {2025}, author = {Abebe, GF and Alie, MS and Yosef, T and Asmelash, D and Dessalegn, D and Adugna, A and Girma, D}, title = {Role of digital technology in epidemic control: a scoping review on COVID-19 and Ebola.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {e095007}, pmid = {39855660}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Digital Technology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Contact Tracing ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To synthesise the role of digital technologies in epidemic control and prevention, focussing on Ebola and COVID-19.<br><br>DESIGN: A scoping review.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: A systematic search was done on PubMed, HINARI, Web of Science, Google Scholar and a direct Google search until 10 September 2024.<br><br>ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included all qualitative and quantitative studies, conference papers or abstracts, anonymous reports, editorial reports and viewpoints published in English.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist was used to select the included study. Data analysis was performed using Gale's framework thematic analysis method, resulting in the identification of key themes.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 64 articles that examined the role of digital technology in the Ebola and COVID-19 pandemics were included in the final review. Five main themes emerged: digital epidemiological surveillance (using data visualisation tools and online sources for early disease detection), rapid case identification, community transmission prevention (via digital contact tracing and assessing interventions with mobility data), public education messages and clinical care. The identified barriers encompassed legal, ethical and privacy concerns, as well as organisational and workforce challenges.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Digital technologies have proven good for disease prevention and control during pandemics. While the adoption of these technologies has lagged in public health compared with other sectors, tools such as artificial intelligence, telehealth, wearable devices and data analytics offer significant potential to enhance epidemic responses. However, barriers to widespread implementation remain, and investments in digital infrastructure, training and strong data protection are needed to build trust among users. Future efforts should focus on integrating digital solutions into health systems, ensuring equitable access and addressing ethical concerns. As public health increasingly embraces digital innovations, collaboration among stakeholders will be crucial for effective pandemic preparedness and management.}, }
@article {pmid39854914, year = {2025}, author = {Fragoso-Saavedra, M and Liu, Q}, title = {Towards developing multistrain PEDV vaccines: Integrating basic concepts and SARS-CoV-2 pan-sarbecovirus strategies.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {604}, number = {}, pages = {110412}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110412}, pmid = {39854914}, issn = {1096-0341}, mesh = {*Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/immunology/genetics ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Humans ; *Vaccine Development ; Swine ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *Coronavirus Infections/prevention &amp; control/veterinary/virology/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Swine Diseases/prevention &amp; control/virology ; }, abstract = {Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a major pathogen impacting the global pig industry, with outbreaks causing significant financial losses. The genetic variability of PEDV has posed challenges for vaccine development since its identification in the 1970s, a problem that intensified with its global emergence in the 2010s. Since current vaccines provide limited cross-protection against PEDV strains, and the development of multistrain PEDV vaccines remains an underexplored area of research, there is an urgent need for improved vaccine solutions. The rapid development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines and ongoing pan-sarbecovirus vaccine research, have demonstrated the potential of next-generation vaccine platforms and novel antigen design strategies. These advancements offer valuable insights for the development of multistrain PEDV vaccines. This review summarizes key aspects of PEDV virology and explores multistrain vaccine development considering SARS-CoV-2 vaccine innovations, proposing a framework for developing next-generation PEDV vaccine solutions.}, }
@article {pmid39854809, year = {2025}, author = {Maliha, ST and Fatemi, R and Akter, M and Zheng, Q and Araf, Y and Tabassum, T and Munif, MR and Saha, S and Xue, M and Wang, H and Zheng, C and Hossain, MG}, title = {Exploring the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV Co-infection: Mutation risks, therapeutic efficacy, and future variant prevention.}, journal = {Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease}, volume = {111}, number = {3}, pages = {116707}, doi = {10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116707}, pmid = {39854809}, issn = {1879-0070}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/virology/epidemiology/complications/therapy/immunology ; *HIV Infections/complications/virology/immunology/drug therapy ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Mutation ; *Coinfection/virology ; Immunocompromised Host ; }, abstract = {High mutation rates in SARS-CoV-2, particularly among immunocompromised patients living with HIV, continue to complicate the current COVID-19 pandemic. The threshold for severe COVID-19 and a greater risk of mortality have increased in many immunocompromised individuals due to a weakened immune system. Low CD4+ T-cell counts in people living with both HIV and COVID-19 lead to prolonged disease duration and, therefore, an increased likelihood of viral infection with SARS-CoV-2 mutations in such individuals. These mutations could decrease the efficiency of ongoing vaccines and cause new outbreaks. Recently, the rise of new mutations in this patient population has created increasing concern; however, few data are currently available on the direct association of HIV infection with SARS-CoV-2 mutations. This review highlights the implications of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection, highlighting the need for extra caution and monitoring of the immune-compromised population during a pandemic. Access to HIV care and COVID-19 treatments, careful surveillance, and adapted health strategies are key to reducing risks and protecting these populations. Further research is required to elucidate the dynamics of mutations and develop intervention methods to manage COVID-19 among immunocompromised patients.}, }
@article {pmid39854158, year = {2025}, author = {Lau, RI and Su, Q and Ng, SC}, title = {Long COVID and gut microbiome: insights into pathogenesis and therapeutics.}, journal = {Gut microbes}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {2457495}, pmid = {39854158}, issn = {1949-0984}, mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *COVID-19/complications/microbiology/therapy ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; *Dysbiosis/therapy/microbiology ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Prebiotics/administration &amp; dosage ; }, abstract = {Post-acute coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome (PACS), following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is typically characterized by long-term debilitating symptoms affecting multiple organs and systems. Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of effective treatment strategies. Altered gut microbiome has been proposed as one of the plausible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PACS; extensive studies have emerged to bridge the gap between the persistent symptoms and the dysbiosis of gut microbiome. Recent clinical trials have indicated that gut microbiome modulation using probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) led to improvements in multiple symptoms related to PACS, including fatigue, memory loss, difficulty in concentration, gastrointestinal upset, and disturbances in sleep and mood. In this review, we highlight the latest evidence on the key microbial alterations observed in PACS, as well as the use of microbiome-based therapeutics in managing PACS symptoms. These novel findings altogether shed light on the treatment of PACS and other chronic conditions.}, }
@article {pmid39853876, year = {2025}, author = {Wu, Y and He, L and Li, R and Li, J and Zhao, Q and Shao, B}, title = {A20 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for COVID-19.}, journal = {Immunity, inflammation and disease}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {e70127}, pmid = {39853876}, issn = {2050-4527}, support = {//This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82171003)./ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a major concern due to its astonishing prevalence and high fatality rate, especially among elderly people. Patients suffering from COVID-19 may exhibit immunosuppression in the initial stage of infection, while a cytokine storm can occur when the disease progresses to a severe stage. This inopportune immune rhythm not only makes patients more susceptible to the virus but also leads to numerous complications resulting from the excessive production of inflammatory factors. A20, which is widely accepted as a pivotal regulator of inflammation, has been shown to be implicated in the processes of antiviral responses and immunosuppression. Thus, A20 may participate in regulating the pathological processes of COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: This narrative literature review summarizes recent evidence on the mechanisms of A20 in regulating the pathological processes of COVID-19. We also downloaded single-cell RNA-seq data sets from healthy individuals and patients with varying severities of COVID-19 from the NCBI GEO database to further dissect A20's regulatory mechanisms of these intricate cytokine pathways that are closely associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.<br><br>RESULTS: A20 might be one of the most critical anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory factors involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. It effectively suppresses the immune damage and inflammatory storm caused by viral infection.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the relationship between A20-regulated signaling pathways and pathological processes of COVID-19 can provide insight into potential targets for intervention. Precise regulation of A20 to induce antiviral activity and an anti-inflammatory response could mediate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and could become an effective treatment.}, }
@article {pmid39853516, year = {2025}, author = {Yang, L and Wang, Y and Zuo, Y}, title = {Associated factors related to production of autoantibodies and dermo-epidermal separation in bullous pemphigoid.}, journal = {Archives of dermatological research}, volume = {317}, number = {1}, pages = {303}, pmid = {39853516}, issn = {1432-069X}, support = {2022-PUMCH-B-092//National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding/ ; 7232118//Beijing Natural Science Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Pemphigoid, Bullous/immunology/pathology/diagnosis ; *Autoantibodies/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Epidermis/immunology/pathology ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Dermis/immunology/pathology ; }, abstract = {Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a debilitating autoimmune skin blistering disease, characterized by the deposition of specific autoantibodies at the dermal-epidermal junction. This leads to an inflammatory cascade involving the activation of complement proteins, mast cell degranulation, immune cell recruitment, and the release of proteases by granulocytes. While several cytokines and signaling pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of BP, the precise mechanism behind autoantibody production remains unclear. A variety of factors, including natural aging, genetic polymorphisms, microbiota, medications, vaccinations, and infection, may contribute to disease onset. Recent evidence also suggests that both vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 may also play a role in BP's development. This review aims to elucidate the mechanism underlying the production of autoantibodies in BP, address gaps in understanding disease progression, and explore opportunities for improving diagnosis and prognosis to enhance patient care.}, }
@article {pmid39852835, year = {2025}, author = {Jeon, J and Kim, E}, title = {Exploring Future Pandemic Preparedness Through the Development of Preventive Vaccine Platforms and the Key Roles of International Organizations in a Global Health Crisis.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39852835}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {NRF2021R1F1A1062044//Ministry of Science and ICT/ ; 2021R1A6A1A03044296//the Ministry of Education/ ; }, abstract = {Background: The emergence of more than 40 new infectious diseases since the 1980s has emerged as a serious global health concern, many of which are zoonotic. In response, many international organizations, including the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), have developed strategies to combat these health threats. The need for rapid vaccine development has been highlighted by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and mRNA technology has shown promise as a platform. While the acceleration of vaccine development has been successful, concerns have been raised about the technical limits, safety, supply, and distribution of vaccines. Objective: This study analyzes the status of vaccine platform development in global pandemics and explores ways to respond to future pandemic crises through an overview of the roles of international organizations and their support programs. It examines the key roles and partnerships of international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), vaccine research and development expertise of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), control of the vaccine supply chain and distribution by the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), and technology transfer capabilities of the International Vaccine Institute (IVI) in supporting the development, production, and supply of vaccine platform technologies for pandemic priority diseases announced by WHO and CEPI and analyzes their vaccine support programs and policies to identify effective ways to rapidly respond to future pandemics caused by emerging infectious diseases. Methods: This study focused on vaccine platform technology and the key roles of international organizations in the pandemic crisis. Literature data on vaccine platform development was collected, compared, and analyzed through national and international literature data search sites, referring to articles, journals, research reports, publications, books, guidelines, clinical trial data, and related reports. In addition, the websites of international vaccine support organizations, such as WHO, CEPI, GAVI, and IVI, were used to examine vaccine support projects, initiatives, and collaborations through literature reviews and case study methods. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic brought focus on the necessity for developing innovative vaccine platforms. Despite initial concerns, the swift integration of cutting-edge development technologies, mass production capabilities, and global collaboration have made messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines a game-changing technology. As a result of the successful application of novel vaccine platforms, it is important to address the remaining challenges, including technical limits, safety concerns, and equitable global distribution. To achieve this, it is essential to review the regulatory, policy, and support initiatives that have been implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, with particular emphasis on the key stages of vaccine development, production, and distribution, to prepare for future pandemics. An analysis of the status of vaccine development for priority pandemic diseases implies the need for balanced vaccine platform development. Also, international organizations such as WHO, CEPI, GAVI, and IVI play key roles in pandemic preparedness and the development and distribution of preventive vaccines. These organizations collaborated to improve accessibility to vaccines, strengthen the global response to infectious diseases, and address global health issues. The COVID-19 pandemic response demonstrates how the synergistic collaboration of WHO's standardized guidelines, CEPI's vaccine research and development expertise, GAVI's control of the vaccine supply chain and distribution, and IVI's technology transfer capabilities can be united to create a successful process for vaccine development and distribution. Conclusions: In preparation for future pandemics, a balanced vaccine platform development is essential. It should include a balanced investment in both novel technologies such as mRNA and viral vector-based vaccines and traditional platforms. The goal is to develop vaccine platform technologies that can be applied to emerging infectious diseases efficiently and increase manufacturing and distribution capabilities for future pandemics. Moreover, international vaccine support organizations should play key roles in setting the direction of global networking and preparing for international vaccine support programs to address the limitations of previous pandemic responses. As a result, by transforming future pandemic threats from unpredictable crises to surmountable challenges, it is expected to strengthen global health systems and reduce the social and economic burden of emerging infectious diseases in the long term.}, }
@article {pmid39852823, year = {2025}, author = {Okay, S}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Various Segments of the Population in Turkey: A Literature Review.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39852823}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Vaccine hesitancy, which refers to the reluctance to be vaccinated, poses a major risk to public health in preventing infectious diseases. This hesitancy has been evident for many years, especially regarding childhood vaccines. The main factors contributing to this hesitancy include religious or personal beliefs, concerns about safety and efficacy, and desire to receive more information from healthcare providers. This literature review examines hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccines in different population segments in Turkey. Hesitancy rates and reasons in the general population and specific groups such as pregnant women, parents, healthcare workers and students were presented based on published research articles. Approximately half of the Turkish population declared their hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines. A negative correlation was found between vaccine hesitancy and health literacy. The relationship between COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and religiosity was also investigated. Age is another factor affecting this vaccine hesitancy. Older age was shown to be correlated with positive attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination. Moreover, participants with positive attitudes towards other vaccines, those with chronic diseases and those with a personal history of COVID-19 were more likely to have positive perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines. Higher life satisfaction and non-smoking status were associated with a higher likelihood of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Increased scientific data on the efficacy and side effects of COVID-19 vaccines and more information from healthcare professionals would likely reduce the hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid39852816, year = {2025}, author = {Pennisi, F and D'Amelio, AC and Cuciniello, R and Borlini, S and Mirzaian, L and Ricciardi, GE and Minerva, M and Gianfredi, V and Signorelli, C}, title = {Post-Vaccination Anaphylaxis in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39852816}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vaccines have been recognized as one of the most effective public health interventions. However, vaccine-associated anaphylaxis, although rare, is a serious adverse reaction. The incidence of anaphylaxis related to non-COVID-19 vaccines in adults remains underreported. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the incidence of post-vaccination anaphylaxis across various vaccines in adults.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science identified studies on anaphylaxis following vaccination in adults (&#x2265;18 years), excluding COVID-19 vaccines. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO in advance (ID CRD42024566928). Random-effects and fixed-effects models were used to pool data and estimate the logit proportion, with the logit-transformed proportion serving as the effect size, thereby allowing for the calculation of event rates.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 37 studies were included in the systematic review, with 22 studies contributing to the meta-analysis, representing a combined population of 206,855,261 participants. Most studies focused on influenza vaccines (n = 15). Across all studies, 262 anaphylactic cases were reported, with 153 cases related to influenza vaccines, followed by herpes zoster virus vaccines (38 cases) and yellow fever vaccines (29 cases). Td/Tdap vaccine had the lowest rate (0.0001 per 100,000 participants). The overall random-effects model yielded a logit proportion of -10.45 (95% CI: -12.09 to -8.82, p < 0.001), corresponding to an event rate of 2.91 events per 100,000 subjects (95% CI: 0.56 to 14.73). Sensitivity analysis showed a higher incidence for influenza, hepatitis vaccines, and in vulnerable populations.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Anaphylaxis following vaccination in adults is rare but varies by vaccine type. Strengthened monitoring and preparedness are essential, especially in non-medical settings, to ensure a rapid response to anaphylaxis and maintain public confidence in vaccination programs.}, }
@article {pmid39852809, year = {2024}, author = {Chentoufi, AA and Ulmer, JB and BenMohamed, L}, title = {Antigen Delivery Platforms for Next-Generation Coronavirus Vaccines.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39852809}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {R41 AI138764/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI143348/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R43 AI174383/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI158060/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; AI158060, AI150091, AI143348, AI147499, AI143326, AI138764, AI124911, AI110902, R43AI174383/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R43 AI124911/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI150091/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AI143326/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AI110902/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AI147499/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is in its sixth year and is being maintained by the inability of current spike-alone-based COVID-19 vaccines to prevent transmission leading to the continuous emergence of variants and sub-variants of concern (VOCs). This underscores the critical need for next-generation broad-spectrum pan-Coronavirus vaccines (pan-CoV vaccine) to break this cycle and end the pandemic. The development of a pan-CoV vaccine offering protection against a wide array of VOCs requires two key elements: (1) identifying protective antigens that are highly conserved between passed, current, and future VOCs; and (2) developing a safe and efficient antigen delivery system for induction of broad-based and long-lasting B- and T-cell immunity. This review will (1) present the current state of antigen delivery platforms involving a multifaceted approach, including bioinformatics, molecular and structural biology, immunology, and advanced computational methods; (2) discuss the challenges facing the development of safe and effective antigen delivery platforms; and (3) highlight the potential of nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) as the platform that is well suited to the needs of a next-generation pan-CoV vaccine, such as the ability to induce broad-based immunity and amenable to large-scale manufacturing to safely provide durable protective immunity against current and future Coronavirus threats.}, }
@article {pmid39852796, year = {2024}, author = {Angius, F and Puxeddu, S and Zaimi, S and Canton, S and Nematollahzadeh, S and Pibiri, A and Delogu, I and Alvisi, G and Moi, ML and Manzin, A}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 Evolution: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccine Effectiveness and Development.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39852796}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {PE00000007, INF-ACT//NextGeneration EU-MUR PNRR/ ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the rapid evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, presents ongoing challenges to global public health. SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by rapidly evolving mutations, especially in (but not limited to) the spike protein, complicating predictions about its evolutionary trajectory. These mutations have significantly affected transmissibility, immune evasion, and vaccine efficacy, leading to multiple pandemic waves with over half a billion cases and seven million deaths globally. Despite several strategies, from rapid vaccine development and administration to the design and availability of antivirals, including monoclonal antibodies, already having been employed, the persistent circulation of the virus and the emergence of new variants continue to result in high case numbers and fatalities. In the past four years, immense research efforts have contributed much to our understanding of the viral pathogenesis mechanism, the COVID-19 syndrome, and the host-microbe interactions, leading to the development of effective vaccines, diagnostic tools, and treatments. The focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the functional impact of mutations on diagnosis, treatments, and vaccine effectiveness. We further discuss vaccine safety in pregnancy and the implications of hybrid immunity on long-term protection against infection, as well as the latest developments on a pan-coronavirus vaccine and nasal formulations, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance, research, and adaptive public health strategies in response to the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 evolution race.}, }
@article {pmid39852788, year = {2024}, author = {Lau, CS and Oh, HML and Aw, TC}, title = {Reflections on COVID-19: A Literature Review of SARS-CoV-2 Testing.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39852788}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Although the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has ended, there are still many important lessons we can learn, as the pandemic profoundly affected every area of laboratory practice. During the pandemic, extensive changes to laboratory staffing had to be implemented, as many healthcare institutions required regular screening of all healthcare staff. Several studies examined the effectiveness of different screening regimens and concluded that repeated testing, even with lower sensitivity tests, could rival the performance of gold-standard RT-PCR testing in the detection of new cases. Many assay evaluations were performed both in the earlier and later periods of the pandemic. They included both nucleocapsid/spike antibodies and automated antigen assays. Early in the pandemic, it was generally agreed that the initial nucleocapsid antibody assays had poor sensitivity when used before 14 days of disease onset, with total or IgG antibodies being preferred over the use of IgM. Spike antibody assays gradually replaced nucleocapsid antibody assays, as most people were vaccinated. Spike antibodies tracked the rise in antibodies after vaccination with mRNA vaccines and became invaluable in the assessment of vaccine response. Studies demonstrated robust antibody secretion with each vaccine dose and could last for several months post-vaccination. When antigen testing was introduced, they became effective tools to identify affected patients when used serially or in an orthogonal fashion with RT-PCR testing. Despite the numerous findings during the pandemic period, research in COVID-19 has slowed. To this day it is difficult to identify a true neutralizing antibody test for the virus. An appropriate antibody level that would confer protective immunity against the plethora of new variants remains elusive. We hope that a summary of events during the pandemic could provide important insights to consider in planning for the next viral pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39852780, year = {2024}, author = {Song, S and Gan, J and Long, Q and Gao, Z and Zheng, Y}, title = {Decoding NAD+ Metabolism in COVID-19: Implications for Immune Modulation and Therapy.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39852780}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {2023J01016//Fujian Province Science and Technology Association/ ; }, abstract = {The persistent threat of COVID-19, particularly with the emergence of new variants, underscores the urgency for innovative therapeutic strategies beyond conventional antiviral treatments. Current immunotherapies, including IL-6/IL-6R monoclonal antibodies and JAK inhibitors, exhibit suboptimal efficacy, necessitating alternative approaches. Our review delves into the significance of NAD+ metabolism in COVID-19 pathology, marked by decreased NAD+ levels and upregulated NAD+-consuming enzymes such as CD38 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Recognizing NAD+'s pivotal role in energy metabolism and immune modulation, we propose modulating NAD+ homeostasis could bolster the host's defensive capabilities against the virus. The article reviews the scientific rationale behind targeting NAD+ pathways for therapeutic benefit, utilizing strategies such as NAD+ precursor supplementation and enzyme inhibition to modulate immune function. While preliminary data are encouraging, the challenge lies in optimizing these interventions for clinical use. Future research should aim to unravel the intricate roles of key metabolites and enzymes in NAD+ metabolism and to elucidate their specific mechanisms of action. This will be essential for developing targeted NAD+ therapies, potentially transforming the management of COVID-19 and setting a precedent for addressing other infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39852639, year = {2025}, author = {MacLean, R and Durepos, P and Keeping-Burke, L and Witherspoon, R and Morris, P and Gibbons, C and Taylor, N and McCloskey, R}, title = {Education and Training on Infection Prevention and Control Provided by Long-Term Care Homes to Visitors: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy)}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39852639}, issn = {2039-4403}, support = {C0076//Public Health Agency of Canada/ ; }, abstract = {Objective: The objective of this study is to identify, examine, and map the literature on infection prevention and control (IPAC) education and training for visitors to long-term care (LTC) homes. Introduction: Visitor restrictions during infectious outbreaks in LTC homes aim to reduce virus transmission to vulnerable residents. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the negative impacts of such restrictions, prompting the need for IPAC education for visitors. Inclusion Criteria: This review includes research, narrative papers, and grey literature on IPAC education and training for LTC visitors. It focuses on intentional education aimed at preventing infection transmission. Studies not involving visitors or offered in other settings were excluded. Methods: Following the JBI methodology for scoping reviews, bibliographic databases (CINAHL, Embase, AgeLine, Medline, and ERIC) were searched from 1990 to present in English or French. Data were extracted by two reviewers, focusing on the educational content, delivery mode, frequency, timing, and qualifications of educators. A narrative summary and descriptive statistics were produced. Results: The 26 included documents contained guidelines, policies, educational resources, and opinion papers. Pre-2020, healthcare workers were responsible for educating visitors. Post-2020, more detailed recommendations emerged on the frequency, content, and delivery methods. Key topics included hand hygiene (92.3%), respiratory hygiene (80.8%), and PPE use (73.1%). Conclusions: IPAC education and training for LTC visitors is essential for safe visitation. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of these educational interventions.}, }
@article {pmid39851466, year = {2024}, author = {Imataka, G and Shiraishi, H}, title = {Youth Suicide in Japan: Exploring the Role of Subcultures, Internet Addiction, and Societal Pressures.}, journal = {Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39851466}, issn = {2079-9721}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Youth suicide remains a significant public health concern in Japan, driven by multifaceted factors such as academic pressures, social isolation, bullying, and family dysfunction. Recent societal changes, including the rise of internet addiction and subcultural influences from anime, manga, and gaming, have further shaped the psychological landscape of Japanese youth. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these challenges, intensifying feelings of loneliness and anxiety about the future.<br><br>METHODS: This study explores the impact of these factors on youth suicide risk through a systematic review of existing literature and statistical data, focusing on trends from 2000 to 2024.<br><br>RESULTS: In 2023, 513 school-aged youth in Japan died by suicide, marking persistently high rates. High school students accounted for the majority of cases, followed by middle and elementary school students. Key risk factors include intense academic expectations, cyberbullying, and internet addiction, which are often compounded by cultural stigmas surrounding mental health. Subcultures offer both solace and potential alienation, influencing youth emotions in complex ways. The COVID-19 pandemic has also worsened mental health issues and heightened suicide risks among this vulnerable group.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive mental health support systems tailored to Japanese cultural contexts. Recommendations include enhancing access to school-based counseling, promoting family-based interventions, and implementing policies to regulate harmful online content. Additionally, efforts must address cultural attitudes that stigmatize mental health care. Collaborative societal and policy-level interventions are crucial for mitigating youth suicide and fostering a supportive environment for young people in Japan.}, }
@article {pmid39851242, year = {2025}, author = {Bassetti, M and Giacobbe, DR and Larosa, B and Lamarina, A and Vena, A and Brucci, G}, title = {The reemergence of Streptococcus pyogenes in skin and soft tissue infections: a review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management strategies.}, journal = {Current opinion in infectious diseases}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {114-121}, pmid = {39851242}, issn = {1473-6527}, mesh = {Humans ; *Streptococcus pyogenes/pathogenicity ; *Soft Tissue Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/therapy/drug therapy ; *Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/therapy/drug therapy ; *Skin Diseases, Bacterial/epidemiology/microbiology/therapy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS) by focusing on their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management strategies.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: GAS is responsible for a wide range of infections from mild disease to severe fatal invasive infections with high mortality rates. Invasive GAS (iGAS) infections affect both young and old individuals and account for 1.8 million cases worldwide, with a mortality rate of up to 20%. In addition, conditions resulting by immune responses triggered by GAS also contribute to GAS-associated morbidity, and should not be overlooked. GAS has the ability to produce a wide set of virulence factors which contribute to its pathogenicity and its ability to colonize different body site and subsequently cause invasive infections. Management of SSTIs caused by GAS is challenging due to the risk of rapid progression and the risk of developing complications.<br><br>SUMMARY: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a relevant increase in iGAS infections has been registered. A constantly updated knowledge of the clinical presentation of iGAS infections is thus necessary to reduce their high mortality rates. Proper recognition and treatment of iGAS infections remain crucial.}, }
@article {pmid39850714, year = {2025}, author = {Demircioğlu, D and Öztürk Durmaz, E}, title = {Acrocyanosis: The Least Known Acrosyndrome Revisited With a Dermatologic Perspective.}, journal = {Dermatology research and practice}, volume = {2025}, number = {}, pages = {2904301}, pmid = {39850714}, issn = {1687-6105}, abstract = {Background: Acrocyanosis is a functional peripheral vascular disorder, currently categorized under the canopy of acrosyndromes, i.e., a group of clinically similar and significantly overlapping vascular disorders involving the acral skin. The disorder might be primary or secondary, depending on the cause. Recently, there has been a remarkable surge in acrocyanosis prevalence along with the COVID-19 pandemic. Both COVID-19 infection and vaccines for COVID-19 have been affixed to the list of disorders instigating acrocyanosis. Objectives: The goal of this narrative review was to evaluate the existing literature, project acrocyanosis from the viewpoint of dermatologists in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, and assess the need for targeted research, education, and/or clinical practice. Methods: An English literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google. All abstracts on acrocyanosis, irrespective of the article type and publication date, were retrieved and reviewed and those most relevant for the focus of this article were selected and summarized. Discussion/Results: A narrative review was carried out. There is paucity of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies on acrocyanosis in the English literature, implicating the need for targeted research. Pertinent information still relies on anecdotal observations, case reports, case series, or scarce reviews, which are dated rather old and published in vascular-oriented journals. The scarcity of published literature on acrocyanosis in dermatology-oriented journals points to the necessity of professional education and improvement of clinical diagnostic skills for dermatologists. Conclusions: Although acrocyanosis is the least known and the least studied acrosyndrome, it is increasingly more commonly confronted in the COVID-19 era. The diagnosis still largely relies on clinical findings. Accordingly, it has become a growing necessity for a dermatologist to remain updated on this peculiar disorder and be able to differentiate acrocyanosis from clinically similar cold-induced or cold-exacerbated acrosyndromes. Acrocyanosis is still misdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, underreported, and undertreated by the dermatology community.}, }
@article {pmid39850323, year = {2024}, author = {Stefanou, MI and Panagiotopoulos, E and Palaiodimou, L and Bakola, E and Smyrnis, N and Papadopoulou, M and Moschovos, C and Paraskevas, GP and Rizos, E and Boutati, E and Tzavellas, E and Gatzonis, S and Mengel, A and Giannopoulos, S and Tsiodras, S and Kimiskidis, VK and Tsivgoulis, G}, title = {Current update on the neurological manifestations of long COVID: more questions than answers.}, journal = {EXCLI journal}, volume = {23}, number = {}, pages = {1463-1486}, pmid = {39850323}, issn = {1611-2156}, abstract = {Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a global surge in patients presenting with prolonged or late-onset debilitating sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, colloquially termed long COVID. This narrative review provides an updated synthesis of the latest evidence on the neurological manifestations of long COVID, discussing its clinical phenotypes, underlying pathophysiology, while also presenting the current state of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Approximately one-third of COVID-19 survivors experience prolonged neurological sequelae that persist for at least 12-months post-infection, adversely affecting patients' quality of life. Core neurological manifestations comprise fatigue, post-exertional malaise, cognitive impairment, headache, lightheadedness ('brain fog'), sleep disturbances, taste or smell disorders, dysautonomia, anxiety, and depression. Some of these features overlap substantially with those reported in post-intensive-care syndrome, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and postural-orthostatic-tachycardia syndrome. Advances in data-driven research utilizing electronic-health-records combined with machine learning and artificial intelligence have propelled the identification of long COVID sub-phenotypes. Furthermore, the evolving definitions reflect the dynamic conceptualization of long COVID in both research and clinical contexts. Although the underlying pathophysiology remains incompletely elucidated, neuroinflammatory responses, endotheliopathy, and metabolic imbalances, rather than direct viral neuroinvasion, are implicated in neurological sequelae. Genetic susceptibility has also emerged as a potential risk factor. While major limitations remain with existing definitions, collaborative strategies to standardize diagnostic approaches are needed. Current therapeutic paradigms advocate for multimodal approaches, integrating pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions along with comprehensive rehabilitation programs. Although preliminary evidence of therapeutic efficacy has been provided by a number of clinical trials, methodological constraints limit the generalizability of this evidence. Preventive measures, notably vaccination, have proven integral for reducing the global burden of long COVID. Considering the healthcare and socioeconomic repercussions incurred by long COVID worldwide, international collaborative initiatives are warranted to address the remaining challenges in diagnosing and managing patients presenting with neurological sequelae. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).}, }
@article {pmid39850285, year = {2024}, author = {Sungkono,  and Makrufardi, F and Azizah, AFN and Ekaputra, F}, title = {Video role-play versus powerpoint lecture in the knowledge domain among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic era: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of education and health promotion}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {476}, pmid = {39850285}, issn = {2277-9531}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted conventional teaching methodologies, forcing educational institutions to swiftly adapt to remote learning. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of video- and powerpoint-based teaching methods in the knowledge of medical students using a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies that compared the efficacy of video-based and PowerPoint-based teaching methods in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were systematically searched, and studies published before October 2023 were considered. Fixed and random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the pooled effect of estimates. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager software. The analysis included nine studies that met the inclusion criteria. We observed a significant effect of video-based education methods compared to powerpoint-based education methods, with a mean difference of 2.42 (95% CI: 2.09-2.75, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, our sensitivity analysis did not reveal a substantial alteration, with the mean difference remaining at 2.42 (95% CI: 2.09-2.75, P < 0.0001). After analyzing the funnel plot, no indications of publication bias were observed. Video role-play proved to be a powerful tool for knowledge acquisition among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lecturers should consider incorporating video role-play into teaching methods for asynchronous learning purposes.}, }
@article {pmid39850282, year = {2024}, author = {Seyedfatemi, N and Peyrovi, H and Goharinezhad, S and Oghli, SH}, title = {Barriers and facilitators of community-based nursing development: A scoping review.}, journal = {Journal of education and health promotion}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {488}, pmid = {39850282}, issn = {2277-9531}, abstract = {In the last few decades, chronic diseases have spread and new and emerging health and social issues have affected people's health. COVID-19 and other emerging and re-emerging diseases are creating new challenges for societies that affect how healthcare is managed. It is through the development of community-based nursing that some of these problems can be solved. This study was conducted to identify barriers and facilitators of community-based nursing development. To determine the type, extent, and nature of research conducted on barriers and facilitators of CBN, a scoping review was conducted, and five databases (ProQuest, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched during the years 2000-2023. Relevant articles were extracted according to the inclusion criteria (studies related to community-based nursing dimensions published in English). The articles were reviewed in terms of title, summary, and relevant content, and finally, 22 articles remained. Then, 22 articles were analyzed by the thematic analysis method. Education, promoting cultural sensitivities, planning and reforming health policies, increasing public awareness for community-based nursing, providing more care experiences and opportunities, and improving community-based nursing service delivery approache. The obstacles to the development of community-oriented nursing in four categories included weak organizational power, job burnout, false beliefs and expectations, and the negative influence of the media. Based on the results of this review, reforming existing policies with an emphasis on culture building, education, and public awareness, and, the other hand, trying to remove obstacles with the help of the media and correcting public beliefs are among the important measures that can be taken in the field of community-oriented nursing development.}, }
@article {pmid39849947, year = {2025}, author = {Tran, BX and Joarder, T and Pang, VJ and Carballo, CM and Thi Do, H and Nguyen, CT and Vu, LG and Van Toan, N and Tang, S}, title = {Pandemic preparedness in Vietnam: a review of health system resilience and areas for improvement.}, journal = {Journal of global health}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {03001}, pmid = {39849947}, issn = {2047-2986}, mesh = {Vietnam/epidemiology ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Telemedicine/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Health Workforce ; Pandemic Preparedness ; }, abstract = {In this viewpoint, we explore Vietnam's health system vulnerabilities and its national response to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as critical areas of health system resilience, including health financing, workforce distribution, information systems, and governance. While Vietnam achieved early success through strong governance and mass vaccination campaigns, the pandemic revealed weaknesses in resource procurement, workforce imbalance, and limitations of its health information system. There are challenges in ensuring the rapid disbursement of financial resources and reliance on imported medical supplies, which delayed response times. Uneven healthcare workforce distribution, particularly in rural areas, further strained the health system. Although telemedicine and digital health solutions were implemented, weak digital infrastructure and inadequate information technology literacy hindered their effectiveness. Governance efforts, while generally strong, highlighted the need for better coordination and role clarity during health emergencies. Our findings identify areas for improvement, including effective resource mobilisation and allocation, enhanced digital infrastructure, expanded telemedicine access, and better support for healthcare workers. Governance enhancements, such as improved priority setting and interagency coordination, were also critical. These insights offer valuable guidance for strengthening Vietnam's health system and ensuring greater preparedness for future pandemics, but could also help other low- and middle-income countries facing similar challenges.}, }
@article {pmid39849822, year = {2025}, author = {Torres, A and Cilloniz, C and Aldea, M and Mena, G and Miró, JM and Trilla, A and Vilella, A and Menéndez, R}, title = {Adult vaccinations against respiratory infections.}, journal = {Expert review of anti-infective therapy}, volume = {23}, number = {2-4}, pages = {135-147}, doi = {10.1080/14787210.2025.2457464}, pmid = {39849822}, issn = {1744-8336}, mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; Adult ; *Vaccination/methods ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Influenza Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; Immunocompromised Host ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Lower respiratory infections have a huge impact on global health, especially in older individuals, immunocompromised people, and those with chronic comorbidities. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of vaccination. However, there are lower rates of vaccination in the adult population that are commonly due to a missed opportunity to vaccinate. Vaccination offers the best strategy to prevent hospitalization, complications, and death caused by lower respiratory infections.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: In this review, the authors provide an overview of the vaccines for lower respiratory infections in the adult population. The review highlights the available data about the impact of vaccines on preventing respiratory infections, focusing on the pneumococcal vaccine, influenza vaccine, COVID-19 vaccines, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines. The authors discuss the currently available scientific evidence on the role of vaccines against respiratory infections. Finally, the authors review the current recommendations for vaccines in the adult population.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: Scientific evidence on the effectiveness of vaccines against respiratory infections is important. An efficient implementation of adult immunization strategies will provide an opportunity to decrease the global burden of lower respiratory infections. Recognizing the existing vaccines and their recommendations for the adult population is essential to achieve a high vaccination rate in the population.}, }
@article {pmid39849406, year = {2025}, author = {Iqbal, NT and Khan, H and Khalid, A and Mahmood, SF and Nasir, N and Khanum, I and de Siqueira, I and Van Voorhis, W}, title = {Chronic inflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 modulates gut microbiome: a review of literature on COVID-19 sequelae and gut dysbiosis.}, journal = {Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)}, volume = {31}, number = {1}, pages = {22}, pmid = {39849406}, issn = {1528-3658}, support = {U01 AI151698/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; 3U01AI151698//Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology/immunology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Inflammation/microbiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Chronic Disease ; Brain-Gut Axis ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Long COVID or Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 is an emerging syndrome, recognized in COVID-19 patients who suffer from mild to severe illness and do not recover completely. Most studies define Long COVID, through symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, joint pain, and headache prevailing four or more weeks post-initial infection. Global variations in Long COVID presentation and symptoms make it challenging to standardize features of Long COVID. Long COVID appears to be accompanied by an auto-immune multi-faceted syndrome where the virus or viral antigen persistence causes continuous stimulation of the immune response, resulting in multi-organ immune dysregulation.<br><br>MAIN TEXT: This review is focused on understanding the risk factors of Long COVID with a special emphasis on the dysregulation of the gut-brain axis. Two proposed mechanisms are discussed here. The first mechanism is related to the dysfunction of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 infection, leading to impaired mTOR pathway activation, reduced AMP secretion, and causing dysbiotic changes in the gut. Secondly, gut-brain axis dysregulation accompanied by decreased production of short-chain fatty acids, impaired enteroendocrine cell function, and increased leakiness of the gut, which favors translocation of pathogens or lipopolysaccharide in circulation causing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The altered Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis is accompanied by the reduced level of neurotransmitter, and decreased stimulation of the vagus nerve, which may cause neuroinflammation and dysregulation of serum cortisol levels. The dysbiotic microbiome in Long COVID patients is characterized by a decrease in beneficial short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Dorea, and Bifidobacterium) and an increase in opportunistic bacteria (Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Enterococcus). This dysbiosis is transient and may be impacted by interventions including probiotics, and dietary supplements.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are required to understand the geographic variation, racial and ethnic differences in phenotypes of Long COVID, the influence of viral strains on existing and emerging phenotypes, to explore long-term effects of gut dysbiosis, and gut-brain axis dysregulation, as well as the potential role of diet and probiotics in alleviating those symptoms.}, }
@article {pmid39849202, year = {2025}, author = {Ilesanmi, AE and Ilesanmi, T and Ajayi, B and Gbotoso, GA and Belhaouari, SB}, title = {Unlocking the Power of 3D Convolutional Neural Networks for COVID-19 Detection: A Comprehensive Review.}, journal = {Journal of imaging informatics in medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {39849202}, issn = {2948-2933}, abstract = {The advent of three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D CNNs) has revolutionized the detection and analysis of COVID-19 cases. As imaging technologies have advanced, 3D CNNs have emerged as a powerful tool for segmenting and classifying COVID-19 in medical images. These networks have demonstrated both high accuracy and rapid detection capabilities, making them crucial for effective COVID-19 diagnostics. This study offers a thorough review of various 3D CNN algorithms, evaluating their efficacy in segmenting and classifying COVID-19 across a range of medical imaging modalities. This review systematically examines recent advancements in 3D CNN methodologies. The process involved a comprehensive screening of abstracts and titles to ensure relevance, followed by a meticulous selection and analysis of research papers from academic repositories. The study evaluates these papers based on specific criteria and provides detailed insights into the network architectures and algorithms used for COVID-19 detection. The review reveals significant trends in the use of 3D CNNs for COVID-19 segmentation and classification. It highlights key findings, including the diverse range of networks employed for COVID-19 detection compared to other diseases, which predominantly utilize encoder/decoder frameworks. The study provides an in-depth analysis of these methods, discussing their strengths, limitations, and potential areas for future research. The study reviewed a total of 60 papers published across various repositories, including Springer and Elsevier. The insights from this study have implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. Despite some limitations, the accuracy and efficiency of 3D CNN algorithms underscore their potential for advancing medical image segmentation and classification. The findings suggest that 3D CNNs could significantly enhance the detection and management of COVID-19, contributing to improved healthcare outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39848784, year = {2025}, author = {Loo, YS and Yusoh, NA and Lim, WF and Ng, CS and Zahid, NI and Azmi, IDM and Madheswaran, T and Lee, TY}, title = {Phytochemical-based nanosystems: recent advances and emerging application in antiviral photodynamic therapy.}, journal = {Nanomedicine (London, England)}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, pages = {401-416}, pmid = {39848784}, issn = {1748-6963}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology/administration &amp; dosage/chemistry ; *Photochemotherapy/methods ; *Phytochemicals/therapeutic use/chemistry/pharmacology/administration &amp; dosage ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; COVID-19/virology ; *Virus Diseases/drug therapy ; Animals ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {Phytochemicals are typically natural bioactive compounds or metabolites produced by plants. Phytochemical-loaded nanocarrier systems, designed to overcome bioavailability limitations and enhance therapeutic effects, have garnered significant attention in recent years. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has intensified interest in the therapeutic application of phytochemicals to combat viral infections. This review explores nanoparticle-based treatment strategies incorporating phytochemicals for antiviral application, highlighting their demonstrated antiviral mechanisms. It specifically examines the antiviral activities of phytochemical-loaded nanosystems against (i) influenza virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); (ii) mosquito-borne viruses [dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV)]; and (iii) sexually transmitted/blood borne viruses [e.g. herpes simplex virus (HSV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)]. Furthermore, this review highlights the emerging role of these nanosystems in photodynamic therapy (PDT)-mediated attenuation of viral proliferation, and offers a perspective on the future directions of research in this promising area of multimodal therapeutic approach.}, }
@article {pmid39848030, year = {2025}, author = {Botella-Juan, L and Vargas-Caraballo, D and Molina, AJ and Hernández-Segura, N and Fernández-Villa, T}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol consumption in young adults: A systematic review.}, journal = {Public health}, volume = {240}, number = {}, pages = {1-11}, doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2025.01.004}, pmid = {39848030}, issn = {1476-5616}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology/psychology ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented restrictions, leading to differences in the frequency and patterns of alcohol consumption, especially among young adults. This systematic review aims to investigate the overall evidence concerning changes in alcohol consumption in this period.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review.<br><br>METHODS: Adhering to PRISMA and SWiM guidelines, this study's review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023464591). The studies research was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria involved observational studies focusing on participants aged 18 to 35, exploring alcohol consumption during at least the first wave of COVID-19, and publications in English or Spanish.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 28 studies conducted in different countries were included, European (18), North American (9), and Latin American (1). Although in many studies the overall prevalence of alcohol use was reduced, it was mainly among occasional users, in which the main motivation was the lack of social contact. It was exposed that participants with a high risk of problematic use increased their alcohol consumption, showing associated factors such as poor mental health, depressive symptoms, stress, and coping motivations. Males generally exhibited a higher risk of problem use and risky behaviours than females.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: During COVID-19, youth alcohol consumption decreased overall, especially among social drinkers, but increased among high-risk users due to factors like distress and loneliness. Similar trends during other disasters emphasize the importance of addressing high-risk drinking in disaster planning. Also, preventing high-risk drinking from adolescence and youth could be helpful in reducing the global burden and impact of alcohol consumption.}, }
@article {pmid39847975, year = {2025}, author = {Deguchi, S and Yokoi, F and Takayama, K}, title = {Organoids and microphysiological systems for pharmaceutical research of viral respiratory infections.}, journal = {Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics}, volume = {60}, number = {}, pages = {101041}, doi = {10.1016/j.dmpk.2024.101041}, pmid = {39847975}, issn = {1880-0920}, mesh = {Humans ; *Organoids/drug effects/virology ; COVID-19 ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Animals ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/virology ; *Pharmaceutical Research/methods ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Microphysiological Systems ; }, abstract = {In the pharmaceutical research of viral respiratory infections, cell culture models have traditionally been used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of candidate compounds. Although cell lines are easy to handle and cost-effective, they do not fully replicate the characteristics of human respiratory organs. Recently, organoids and microphysiological systems (MPS) have been employed to overcome this limitation for in vitro testing of drugs against viral respiratory infections. Advanced disease modeling using organoids, self-organized three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models derived from stem cells, or MPS, models for culturing multiple cell types in a microfluidic device and capable of recapitulating a physiological 3D dynamic environment, can accurately replicate the complex functions of respiratory organs, thus making them valuable tools for elucidating the organ damages caused by viral respiratory infections and evaluating the efficacy of candidate drugs against them. Recently, a wide range of organoids and MPS have been developed to model the complex pathophysiology caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and assess therapeutic drugs. In this review, we evaluate the latest pharmaceutical research on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that utilizes organoids and MPS and discuss future perspectives of their applications.}, }
@article {pmid39847571, year = {2025}, author = {Tshokey, T and Ko, AI and Currie, BJ and Munoz-Zanzi, C and Goarant, C and Paris, DH and Dance, DAB and Limmathurotsakul, D and Birnie, E and Bertherat, E and Gongal, G and Benschop, J and Savelkoel, J and Stenos, J and Saraswati, K and Robinson, MT and Day, NPJ and Graves, SR and Belmain, SR and Blacksell, SD and Wiersinga, WJ}, title = {Leptospirosis, melioidosis, and rickettsioses in the vicious circle of neglect.}, journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {e0012796}, pmid = {39847571}, issn = {1935-2735}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Melioidosis/epidemiology/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control ; *Neglected Diseases/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/microbiology ; *Leptospirosis/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/diagnosis ; *Rickettsia Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Global Health ; }, abstract = {The global priorities in the field of infectious diseases are constantly changing. While emerging viral infections have regularly dominated public health attention, which has only intensified after the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous bacterial diseases have previously caused, and continue to cause, significant morbidity and mortality-deserving equal attention. Three potentially life-threatening endemic bacterial diseases (leptospirosis, melioidosis, and rickettsioses) are a huge public health concern especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite their continued threat, these diseases do not receive proportionate attention from global health organizations and are not even included on the WHO list of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). This, in turn, has led to a vicious circle of neglect with continued, yet conceivably preventable, hospitalizations and deaths each year especially in the vulnerable population. This is a call from a group of multi-institutional experts on the urgent need to directly address the circle of neglect and raise support in terms of funding, research, surveillance, diagnostics, and therapeutics to alleviate the burden of these 3 diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39847276, year = {2025}, author = {Preti, A and Bevione, F and Lacidogna, MC and Raballo, A and Poletti, M and Abbate-Daga, G}, title = {Early intervention in eating disorders: introducing the chronopathogram.}, journal = {Eating and weight disorders : EWD}, volume = {30}, number = {1}, pages = {9}, pmid = {39847276}, issn = {1590-1262}, mesh = {Humans ; *Feeding and Eating Disorders/therapy/diagnosis/psychology ; *Early Medical Intervention/methods ; Adolescent ; COVID-19 ; Young Adult ; Early Diagnosis ; Prodromal Symptoms ; }, abstract = {Eating disorders (EDs) pose significant challenges to mental and physical health, particularly among adolescents and young adults, with the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating risk factors. Despite advancements in psychosocial and pharmacological treatments, improvements remain limited. Early intervention in EDs, inspired by the model developed for psychosis, emphasizes the importance of timely identification and treatment initiation to improve prognosis. Challenges in identifying prodromal phases and measuring the duration of untreated illness highlight the complexity of early intervention efforts in EDs. Current research focuses on reducing the duration of untreated eating disorder (DUED) and understanding the cognitive and behavioral symptoms preceding ED onset. However, current early intervention programs for EDs showed mixed results, necessitating further investigation. We introduce here the chronopathogram, a tool that may aid in precisely investigating the role of development in EDs. A chronopathogram is a graphical representation of pathological events as they unfold over time. Understanding the neurodevelopmental aspects of EDs and utilizing tools like the chronopathogram can aid in tracking the unfolding of symptoms over time, facilitating early detection and intervention efforts. Overall, addressing the key factors influencing the onset and course of EDs is essential for effective early intervention in these conditions.Level of evidence: Level V narrative review.}, }
@article {pmid39847251, year = {2025}, author = {Kok, HC and Chang, AB and Fong, SM and McCallum, GB and Yerkovich, ST and Grimwood, K}, title = {Antibiotics for Paediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia: What is the Optimal Course Duration?.}, journal = {Paediatric drugs}, volume = {27}, number = {3}, pages = {261-272}, pmid = {39847251}, issn = {1179-2019}, mesh = {Humans ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; *Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy ; Child ; *Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy ; Child, Preschool ; *Pneumonia/drug therapy ; Infant ; Community-Acquired Pneumonia ; }, abstract = {Despite significant global reductions in cases of pneumonia during the last 3 decades, pneumonia remains the leading cause of post-neonatal mortality in children aged <5 years. Beyond the immediate disease burden it imposes, pneumonia contributes to long-term morbidity, including lung function deficits and bronchiectasis. Viruses are the most common cause of childhood pneumonia, but bacteria also play a crucial role. However, the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy for bacterial pneumonia remains uncertain in both low- and middle-income countries and in high-income countries. Knowing the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy for pneumonia is crucial for effective antimicrobial stewardship. This is especially important as concerns mount over rising antibiotic resistance in respiratory bacterial pathogens, which increases the risk of treatment failure. Numerous studies have focused on the duration of oral antibiotics and short-term outcomes, such as clinical cure and mortality. In contrast, only one study has examined both intravenous and oral antibiotics and their impact on long-term respiratory outcomes following pneumonia hospitalisation. However, study findings may be influenced by their inclusion criteria when children unlikely to have bacterial pneumonia are included. Efforts to differentiate between bacterial and non-bacterial pneumonia continue, but a validated, accurate, and simple point-of-care diagnostic test remains elusive. Without certainty that a child has bacterial pneumonia, determining the optimal duration of antibiotic treatment is challenging. This review examines the evidence for the recommended duration of antibiotics for treating uncomplicated pneumonia in otherwise healthy children and concludes that the question of duration is unresolved.}, }
@article {pmid39846670, year = {2025}, author = {Halma, M and Marik, P and Varon, J and Tuszynski, J}, title = {Reversing Decline in Aging Muscles: Expected Trends, Impacts and Remedies.}, journal = {Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39846670}, issn = {2411-5142}, support = {N/A//Frontline Covid-19 Critical Care Alliance/ ; }, abstract = {Background: Age-related decline in musculoskeletal function is a significant concern, particularly in Western countries facing demographic shifts and increased healthcare demands. This review examines the typical trajectories of musculoskeletal deterioration with age and evaluates the effectiveness of various interventions in preventing or reversing these changes. Methods: The review analyzes documented rates of decline across multiple parameters, including muscle mass, Type II muscle fiber reduction, and decreased motor unit firing rates. It examines evidence from studies on targeted interventions aimed at reversing these trends or preventing further decline. Results: The evidence suggests that multimodal interventions, including strength training can effectively maintain or improve physical function in aging adults. These interventions have shown potential in altering the trajectory of age-related decline in musculoskeletal function. Conclusions. The findings of this review have important implications for healthcare providers and policymakers in addressing the challenges of an aging population. By providing a framework for understanding and addressing age-related physical decline through evidence-based interventions, this review offers potential strategies for reducing healthcare costs and improving the quality of life for older adults.}, }
@article {pmid39846399, year = {2025}, author = {Jana, S and Alayash, AI}, title = {Exploring the Molecular Interplay Between Oxygen Transport, Cellular Oxygen Sensing, and Mitochondrial Respiration.}, journal = {Antioxidants &amp; redox signaling}, volume = {42}, number = {13-15}, pages = {730-750}, doi = {10.1089/ars.2023.0428}, pmid = {39846399}, issn = {1557-7716}, mesh = {Humans ; *Mitochondria/metabolism ; *Oxygen/metabolism ; COVID-19/metabolism ; Animals ; Homeostasis ; Hypoxia/metabolism ; Cell Respiration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Significance: The mitochondria play a key role in maintaining oxygen homeostasis under normal oxygen tension (normoxia) and during oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). This is a critical balancing act between the oxygen content of the blood, the tissue oxygen sensing mechanisms, and the mitochondria, which ultimately consume most oxygen for energy production. Recent Advances: We describe the well-defined role of the mitochondria in oxygen metabolism with a special focus on the impact on blood physiology and pathophysiology. Critical Issues: Fundamental questions remain regarding the impact of mitochondrial responses to changes in overall blood oxygen content under normoxic and hypoxic states and in the case of impaired oxygen sensing in various cardiovascular and pulmonary complications including blood disorders involving hemolysis and hemoglobin toxicity, ischemia reperfusion, and even in COVID-19 disease. Future Directions: Understanding the nature of the crosstalk among normal homeostatic pathways, oxygen carrying by hemoglobin, utilization of oxygen by the mitochondrial respiratory chain machinery, and oxygen sensing by hypoxia-inducible factor proteins, may provide a target for future therapeutic interventions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 42, 730-750.}, }
@article {pmid39845988, year = {2025}, author = {Flores, EM and Michetti, CP and Fakhry, SM and Joseph, K and Wysocki, E and Newcomb, A}, title = {Trauma Survivors Network: history and evolution of a program empowering survivors and families impacted by traumatic injury.}, journal = {Trauma surgery &amp; acute care open}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {e001576}, pmid = {39845988}, issn = {2397-5776}, abstract = {The Trauma Survivors Network (TSN), a program of the American Trauma Society (ATS), has a unique history spanning decades with a vision to continue expanding and strengthening services to support survivors and families impacted by traumatic injury. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the ATS has adapted TSN services to provide both virtual and in-person services for trauma survivors, increasing equity and inclusion for many survivors to access TSN services for the first time. The recent policy changes in the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma New Standards for Care of the Injured Patient provide an impetus for the TSN to grow and expand services in support of a diverse group of trauma survivors and their loved ones. This paper highlights the collateral impact of traumatic injury, the history and ongoing growth of the TSN and its services to date, the challenges encountered in establishing and maintaining the TSN program, and the equity and inclusion that the TSN offers internationally to support a diverse range of survivors with various forms of trauma and polytrauma.}, }
@article {pmid39845945, year = {2024}, author = {Zhou, T and Yu, Y and Li, L and Liu, X and Xiang, Q and Yu, R}, title = {Bibliometric analysis of metformin as an immunomodulator (2013-2024).}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1526481}, pmid = {39845945}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *Metformin/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Bibliometrics ; *Immunomodulating Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; COVID-19/immunology ; Animals ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/immunology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metformin, the frontline treatment for diabetes, has considerable potential as an immunomodulator; however, detailed bibliometric analyses on this subject are limited.<br><br>METHODS: This study extracted 640 relevant articles from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection and conducted visual analyses using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace.<br><br>RESULTS: The findings showed that research on the immunomodulatory function of metformin has grown steadily since 2017, with China and the United States being the leading contributors. These studies have mostly been published in journals such as the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Cancers, Frontiers in Immunology, and Scientific Reports. Keyword co-occurrence analysis highlighted metformin's role as an immunomodulator, particularly in the context of the tumor immune microenvironment, immunosuppressive checkpoints, and metformin derivatives. Recent research has highlighted metformin's application in aging, autoimmune diseases, COVID-19, and tuberculosis. Additionally, its role in regulating inflammation and gut microbiota is also being investigated.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Overall, the immunomodulatory effects of metformin were investigated in anti-tumor, antiviral, anti-aging, and autoimmune disease research. This highlights the scope of metformin use in these fields, while also significantly enhancing its clinical value as a repurposed drug.}, }
@article {pmid39845808, year = {2025}, author = {Martins, TB and Lorenzetti Branco, JH and Martins, TB and Santos, GM and Andrade, A}, title = {Impact of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of university students and recommendations for the post-pandemic period: A systematic review.}, journal = {Brain, behavior, &amp; immunity - health}, volume = {43}, number = {}, pages = {100941}, pmid = {39845808}, issn = {2666-3546}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Investigating the psychological impact caused by the interruption of social interactions on university students during the pandemic is essential, with a view to developing strategies to preserve mental health and academic performance.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of university students and propose recommendations for the post-pandemic period.<br><br>METHOD: This systematic review was conduced in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Database searches were performed up to December 2024 in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycNET, using the terms "COVID-19," "social isolation," "mental health," and "college students." Studies were excluded if they focused on non-college populations, other causes of social isolation, physical health, or specific designs.<br><br>RESULTS: The initial search identified 3051 records and 68 studies were included in this review, with sample off 177,537 university students. Anxiety was the most commonly investigated variable (79.4%), followed by depression (75%) and stress (42.6%). Less frequently, studies highlighted the increase in alcohol and drug consumption and suicidal ideation. Some authors also investigated sleep quality, relating insomnia and emotional changes with the reduction in physical exercise. Anxiety symptoms related to online learning directly impacted academic performance. The assessment of the risk of bias showed that of the 68 studies included, 34 had a low risk of bias, 30 had a moderate risk of bias, and 4 had a high risk of bias.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study highlights the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of college students, particularly in relation to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress. Post-pandemic interventions should prioritize fostering healthy habits, such as ensuring quality sleep, engaging in moderate physical activity, and raising mental health awareness. Additionally, universities should implement proactive support systems to cultivate a safe and inclusive environment for students.}, }
@article {pmid39845480, year = {2025}, author = {Okada, K and Kin, C and Yamashita, Y and Kawamura, S and Sato, K and Chiba, K and Miyake, H}, title = {Possible mechanisms of spermatogenic dysfunction induced by viral infections: Insights from COVID-19.}, journal = {Reproductive medicine and biology}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {e12625}, pmid = {39845480}, issn = {1445-5781}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: As the COVID-19 pandemic nears resolution in 2024, the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections induce spermatogenic dysfunction remain poorly understood. This review examines the mechanisms by which viral infections, particularly COVID-19, disrupt spermatogenesis and highlights the implications for male reproductive health. While reports suggest that spermatogenic dysfunction caused by COVID-19 is mild and transient, these findings may have broader applications in understanding and treating spermatogenic dysfunction caused by future viral infections.<br><br>METHODS: The PubMed database was searched to identify original and review articles investigating the mechanisms by which viral infections, particularly SARS-CoV-2, contribute to spermatogenic dysfunction.<br><br>MAIN FINDINGS: SARS-CoV-2 affects the testis through multiple mechanisms, including ACE2 receptor-mediated entry, direct viral damage, inflammatory response, blood-testis barrier disruption, hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress, and impaired spermatogenesis. The combination of these factors can disrupt testicular function and highlights the complexity of the effects of COVID-19 on male reproductive health.<br><br>CONCLUSION: COVID-19 may disrupt spermatogenesis through direct testicular infection, systemic inflammation, hormonal disruption, and oxidative stress. Ongoing research, vaccination efforts, and clinical vigilance are essential to address these challenges and develop effective treatment and prevention strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39845335, year = {2025}, author = {Latarissa, IR and Khairinisa, MA and Iftinan, GN and Meiliana, A and Sormin, IP and Barliana, MI and Lestari, K}, title = {Efficacy and Safety of Antimalarial as Repurposing Drug for COVID-19 Following Retraction of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine.}, journal = {Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications}, volume = {17}, number = {}, pages = {1-11}, pmid = {39845335}, issn = {1179-1438}, abstract = {Various repurposing drugs have been tested for their efficacy on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including antimalarial drugs. During the pandemic, Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) demonstrated good potential against COVID-19, but further studies showed both drugs had side effects that were more dangerous than the efficacy. This made World Health Organization (WHO) ban the usage for COVID-19 patients. In this context, there is a need to explore other antimalarial drugs as potential therapies for COVID-19. This study provides a descriptive synthesis of clinical trials evaluating antimalarial drugs for COVID-19 treatment conducted after the withdrawal of CQ and HCQ. The method was a literature study using the keywords "antimalarial", "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "clinical trial", and "randomized controlled trial" on the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. Inclusion criteria were published clinical trials with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of single antimalarial drugs for COVID-19, published in English and excluding combination therapies. The results showed 3 antimalarial drugs, namely Quinine Sulfate (QS), Atovaquone (AQ), and Artemisinin-Piperaquine (AP), had gone through clinical trial to assess efficacy and safety against COVID-19 patients. Out of the 3 drugs, only AP showed significant results in the primary outcome, which was the time required to reach undetectable levels of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the intervention group took 10.6 days, and the control group took 19.3 days (p=0.001). Based on this review, AP showed significant potential as a therapy in the fight against COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39845334, year = {2025}, author = {Arrazola, P and Fernández Prada, M and Gil, &#xc1; and Gómez Rial, J and Hernán, C and Menéndez, R and Trilla, A and Ortiz de Lejarazu, R}, title = {New COVID-19 vaccination recommendations in Spain: Optimizing for next seasons.}, journal = {Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {36-46}, pmid = {39845334}, issn = {1578-1852}, abstract = {Despite high initial vaccination rates, Spain's current COVID-19 vaccination coverage in recommended groups does not meet WHO targets. For the upcoming season, challenges include revising vaccination age, updating risk groups, and unifying criteria with flu vaccine co-administration. European Commission's advance purchase agreements limit access to certain vaccines, and the need for vaccines effective against current variants adds administrative complexities. Spain's COVID-19 vaccination recommendations should adapt to these specific circumstances. Using vaccines effective against predominant variants with appropriate response duration is crucial to protect at-risk populations. Enhancing training and health education campaigns for health professionals and the general public, alongside utilizing tools to simplify vaccination recommendations, can promote higher vaccination rates in Spain. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensure adequate protection and improve vaccination coverage, ultimately achieving better public health outcomes in the face of evolving COVID-19 threats.}, }
@article {pmid39844698, year = {2025}, author = {van Alem, JLL and Frielink, N and Embregts, PJCM}, title = {Social Internet Use by People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies.}, journal = {Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR}, volume = {69}, number = {4}, pages = {243-264}, pmid = {39844698}, issn = {1365-2788}, support = {641001105/ZONMW_/ZonMw/Netherlands ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Intellectual Disability/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; *Internet Use ; COVID-19 ; *Social Media/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Although existing research has explored both the benefits and risks associated with social internet use amongst people with intellectual disabilities (ID), a comprehensive understanding of the underlying reasons for this engagement is still lacking. This systematic review synthesizes literature investigating the reasons for social internet use amongst people with ID.<br><br>METHODS: Eight electronic databases (Cinahl, Cochrane, Embase, ERIC, Google Scholar, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science) were systematically searched in June 2023 and November 2024 and screened using active machine learning techniques. Studies were considered for inclusion if they qualitatively described the reasons, motivations and personal opinions of people with ID regarding their social internet use in English and were published in peer-reviewed journals. Caregivers' insights were included if individuals could not verbally communicate directly. Only voluntary social internet use was considered; interventions were excluded unless preintervention views on social internet use were reported. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT; Hong et&#xa0;al. 2018). Data were extracted using the SPIDER tool and analysed using thematic synthesis.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 21 relevant articles were identified. Most studies described social internet use in Western contexts (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;19), primarily amongst adults (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;16). Four articles specifically addressed social internet use during COVID-19. Only seven studies explicitly reported participants' level of ID, with six focusing on mild-to-moderate ID and one on profound and multiple ID. Four themes emerged: a feeling of fitting in (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;12), maintaining connections (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;16), making new connections (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;14) and enhancing autonomy and empowerment (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;10).<br><br>DISCUSSION: The findings underscore the importance of social internet use in fostering feelings of inclusion, connectedness and autonomy amongst people with ID. These insights can guide researchers and caregivers in developing tailored support strategies that both maximize the benefits and mitigate the risks of online social engagement for this population. By understanding the specific reasons behind social internet use, caregivers can offer more personalized guidance that aligns with the individual needs and preferences of people with ID. The review also highlights a need for future research to adhere to reporting guidelines to enhance transparency and quality in the field.}, }
@article {pmid39844645, year = {2025}, author = {Tsaloglou, MN and Christodouleas, DC and Milette, J and Milkey, K and Romine, IC and Im, J and Lathwal, S and Selvam, DT and Sikes, HD and Whitesides, GM}, title = {Point-of-need diagnostics in a post-Covid world: an opportunity for paper-based microfluidics to serve during syndemics.}, journal = {Lab on a chip}, volume = {25}, number = {5}, pages = {741-751}, doi = {10.1039/d4lc00699b}, pmid = {39844645}, issn = {1473-0189}, mesh = {*COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Paper ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; *Point-of-Care Testing ; Pandemics ; *Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; COVID-19 Testing ; *Point-of-Care Systems ; }, abstract = {Zoonotic outbreaks present with unpredictable threats to human health, food production, biodiversity, national security and disrupt the global economy. The COVID-19 pandemic-caused by zoonotic coronavirus, SARS-CoV2- is the most recent upsurge of an increasing trend in outbreaks for the past 100 years. This year, emergence of avian influenza (H5N1) is a stark reminder of the need for national and international pandemic preparedness. Tools for threat reduction include consistent practices in reporting pandemics, and widespread availability of accurate detection technologies. Wars and extreme climate events redouble the need for fast, adaptable and affordable diagnostics at the point of need. During the recent pandemic, rapid home tests for SARS-CoV-2 proved to be a viable functional model that leverages simplicity. In this perspective, we introduce the concept of syndemnicity in the context of infectious diseases and point-of-need healthcare diagnostics. We also provide a brief state-of-the-art for paper-based microfluidics. We illustrate our arguments with a case study for detecting brucellosis in cows. Finally, we conclude with lessons learned, challenges and opportunities for paper-based microfluidics to serve point-of-need healthcare diagnostics during syndemics.}, }
@article {pmid39844511, year = {2025}, author = {Homayounifar, F and Abdollahi, Z and Davar, G and Ostovar, T and Delavari, S and Ahmadi Marzaleh, M and Khosravi, M}, title = {Strengthening Primary Health Care for Epidemic and Pandemic Response: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of advanced nursing}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jan.16757}, pmid = {39844511}, issn = {1365-2648}, abstract = {AIMS: Epidemics strain healthcare systems and reduce care quality, making primary healthcare a crucial frontline component in combating pandemics. The aim of this paper was to explore the experiences of countries in strengthening primary health care to address epidemics and pandemics of infectious diseases.<br><br>DESIGN: It was a scoping review conducted in 2024. The research was qualitative in nature.<br><br>METHODS: Multiple databases were searched including PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest. Upon screening the references, the Boyatzis approach to thematic analysis was utilised to analyse and categorise the acquired data based on the fundamental building blocks of healthcare systems as presented by the World Health Organisation (WHO).<br><br>RESULTS: Sixty-seven studies were included in the study, reporting widespread strategies and interventions implemented in primary healthcare systems around the globe. The majority of these strategies and interventions were within the context of service delivery, leadership/governance, and health workforce.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The strategies and interventions implemented by primary healthcare systems worldwide during the pandemic crisis are extensive and varied. Further research is required to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential impacts of such interventions.<br><br>There are numerous strategies and interventions reported in the literature for epidemic and pandemic response, which healthcare policymakers and managers can utilise to improve patient care during times of crisis.<br><br>IMPACT: The study examined challenges in primary healthcare during crises, such as pandemics. It identified various strategies and interventions aimed at addressing these challenges, primarily in service delivery, leadership/governance, and health workforce management. Healthcare policymakers and managers can leverage these findings to enhance patient care during crises.<br><br>REPORTING METHOD: PRISMA 2020 guideline for review studies.<br><br>No Patient or Public Contribution.}, }
@article {pmid39844000, year = {2025}, author = {Mohammed, ZA and Grant, G and Irwin, AD and Hattingh, L and Kalwaje Eshwara, V and Okonkwo, RI and Khan, S}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 on Antimicrobial Stewardship Activities in Hospitalised Children: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health}, volume = {61}, number = {3}, pages = {333-343}, pmid = {39844000}, issn = {1440-1754}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antimicrobial Stewardship ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Hospitalization ; *Child, Hospitalized ; }, abstract = {AIM: COVID-19 has brought unprecedented challenges to the healthcare system. The rapid spread of the virus, laboratory burn-out, exhausted staff, diagnostic uncertainty and lack of guidelines cumulatively disrupted hospital antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs. This scoping review evaluated how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the implementation of AMS, particularly within the context of clinical audits.<br><br>METHODS: An initial trend analysis was performed using a database search from 2000 to 2022. This review was developed following PRISMA-Scr guidelines. Databases such as Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and CINAHL were searched using Medical Subject Headings and free text for 'Children', 'antimicrobial stewardship' and 'COVID-19'. Primary studies that reported data on antimicrobial use among hospitalised children during COVID-19 from December 2019 to December 2022 were considered.<br><br>RESULTS: Paediatric AMS-related research output changed annually by -4.94% in 2022 compared to 14.44% in 2019. Of 677 articles, 15 were included, with 3 added through snowballing technique. All the studies were observational and from countries of all income levels. A quantitative measure of antibiotic use was the commonly assessed sub-category of AMS, while three studies performed the audit for a reason for antibiotic use, microbiological cultures, and surgical prophylaxis. Most studies reported antimicrobial use as prevalence, while two reported the days of therapy, and two used the AWaRe classification and the antibiotic spectrum index (ASI).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric AMS activities were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. A basic quantitative measure of antibiotic use was the only measure of assessment, with other AMS components unreported. A robust paediatric-focused AMS resilient to future pandemics and evidence-informed stewardship approach&#xa0;is needed.}, }
@article {pmid39843827, year = {2025}, author = {Pfefferbaum, B and Nitiéma, P and Newman, E and Slaughter, A and Van Horn, RL}, title = {Practice Elements Used in Child Mass Trauma Interventions: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Current psychiatry reports}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {112-126}, pmid = {39843827}, issn = {1535-1645}, mesh = {Humans ; Child ; *COVID-19 ; *Psychological Trauma/therapy ; *Mass Casualty Incidents ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The goals of this analysis were to identify practice elements frequently used in child mass trauma interventions and to determine if these elements differed across interventions with respect to type of event addressed.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The most frequent elements used were psychoeducation for the child, affect modulation, relaxation, cognitive techniques, exposure, support networking, and narrative. The most frequently used elements were similar for political violence and natural disaster interventions but differed for COVID-19 interventions. Similarities in elements used in political violence and natural disaster interventions reflect the all-hazards approach to mass trauma response. Differences for COVID-19 interventions may address distinctions between the pandemic and these events and underscore the importance of considering an expanded set of elements in future research. The findings suggest that characteristics of the event as well as the population receiving the intervention and the context should guide the selection of interventions and intervention elements.}, }
@article {pmid39840393, year = {2025}, author = {Adha, SA and Afifah, NN and Latarissa, IR and Iftinan, GN and Kusuma, ASW and Febriyanti, RM and Barliana, MI and Lestari, K}, title = {Herbal Medicines as Complementary Therapy for Managing Complications in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.}, journal = {Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy}, volume = {18}, number = {}, pages = {135-146}, pmid = {39840393}, issn = {1178-7007}, abstract = {Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized and classified as a group of conditions marked by persistent high blood glucose levels. It is also an inflammatory condition that may influence concurrent disease states, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, no effective drug has been found to treat COVID-19, especially in DM patients. Many herbal medicines, such as the well-known Andrographis paniculata, have been explored as drugs and complementary therapies due to their antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. This study aimed to examine the potential of herbal medicines as complementary therapy in DM patients with COVID-19 complications, drawing from in-vitro and in-vivo investigations. This study analyzed articles published within the last 15 years using keywords including "herbal medicines", "COVID-19", "Diabetes Mellitus", "antidiabetics", "antiviral", and "anti-inflammatory". The results showed that several herbal medicines could serve as complementary therapy for DM patients with COVID-19 complications. These include Andrographis paniculata, Ageratum conyzoides, Artocarpus altilis, Centella asiatica, Momordica charantia, Persea gratissima, Phyllanthus urinaria, Physalis angulata, Tinospora cordifolia, and Zingiber zerumbet. Herbal medicines may serve as a complementary therapy for DM patients with COVID-19, but these claims need experimental validation in infection models and among affected patients.}, }
@article {pmid39840010, year = {2024}, author = {Hosseininasab, SSM and Ebrahimi, R and Yaghoobpoor, S and Kazemi, K and Khakpour, Y and Hajibeygi, R and Mohamadkhani, A and Fathi, M and Vakili, K and Tavasol, A and Tutunchian, Z and Fazel, T and Fathi, M and Hajiesmaeili, M}, title = {Alzheimer's disease and infectious agents: a comprehensive review of pathogenic mechanisms and microRNA roles.}, journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience}, volume = {18}, number = {}, pages = {1513095}, pmid = {39840010}, issn = {1662-4548}, abstract = {Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia and is characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. There are various theories concerning the causes of AD, but the connection between viral and bacterial infections and their potential role in the pathogenesis of AD has become a fascinating area of research for the field. Various viruses such as Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza viruses, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as bacteria such as Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), Helicobacter pylori (HP), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Spirochetes and eukaryotic unicellular parasites (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii), have been linked to AD due to their ability to activate the immune system, induce inflammation and increase oxidative stress, thereby leading to cognitive decline and AD. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs) might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis mechanisms of these pathogens since they are utilized to target various protein-coding genes, allowing for immune evasion, maintaining latency, and suppressing cellular signaling molecules. Also, they can regulate gene expression in human cells. This article provides an overview of the association between AD and various infectious agents, with a focus on the mechanisms by which these pathogens may be related to the pathogenesis of AD. These findings suggest important areas for further research to be explored in future studies.}, }
@article {pmid39839317, year = {2024}, author = {McDowell, H and Barriault, S and Afifi, TO and Romano, E and Racine, N}, title = {Child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for child and adolescent mental health.}, journal = {Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry}, volume = {3}, number = {}, pages = {1415497}, pmid = {39839317}, issn = {2813-4540}, abstract = {As societies worldwide addressed the numerous challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a troubling concern emerged-the possible rise of child maltreatment, which is a pernicious risk factor for child and adolescent mental health difficulties. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the many changes and challenges associated with the pandemic influenced worldwide occurrences of child maltreatment and, subsequently, the mental health of children and adolescents. First, we present the well-established evidence regarding the impact of child maltreatment on the mental health of children and adolescents both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, we examine the existing literature on the prevalence of child maltreatment during the pandemic, explanations for conflicting findings, and key mechanisms influencing the prevalence of maltreatment. Using a heuristic model of child maltreatment and its downstream influence on child mental health, we discuss risk and protective factors for maltreatment as well as mechanisms by which maltreatment operates to influence child and adolescent mental health. Finally, based on the accumulated evidence, we provide important recommendations for advancing research on child maltreatment, emphasizing the necessity for routine monitoring of maltreatment exposure at a population level, and discussing the implications for the field of child protection. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the understanding of the challenges arising from the intersection of the COVID-19 pandemic and child maltreatment, with the goal of informing effective interventions in the domain of child welfare.}, }
@article {pmid39839285, year = {2024}, author = {Huang, L and Song, Z and Lu, C and Wang, S and Guo, C and Lai, XH and Zhao, Z}, title = {A narrative review focusing on randomized clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation for COVID-19 disease.}, journal = {Frontiers in nutrition}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1461485}, pmid = {39839285}, issn = {2296-861X}, abstract = {Current evidence is inconsistent on whether vitamin D supplementation can prevent COVID-19 infection or improve its clinical outcomes. To better understand and look into the issue, we went through the background knowledge of COVID-19 and vitamin D, searched in Pubmed [by using key words in the title containing "randomized clinical trial", "COVID-19", and "vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D, or cholecalciferol, or calcidiol, or calcifediol) supplementation"] for publications of studies on vitamin D/supplementation in COVID-19 patients, especially those about the randomized clinical trials (RCTs). After reviewing these papers, we did a short background review of vitamin D and the pathophysiology of COVID-19, summarized the key features of the 25 RCTs in text and tabulated in a table of some of the features, commented, compared and discussed the differences between RCTs (for example, change the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration from nmol/L to ng/mL, making the comparison easier). The take-home question of the review is that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is an important indicator of the supplementation effect of vitamin D correction but may not be reliable in predicting the supplementation effect on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39839260, year = {2024}, author = {Li, W and Gao, M and Yu, J}, title = {Rising prevalence and drug resistance of Corynebacterium striatum in lower respiratory tract infections.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {1526312}, pmid = {39839260}, issn = {2235-2988}, mesh = {Humans ; *Corynebacterium/drug effects/isolation &amp; purification/genetics/pathogenicity ; *Corynebacterium Infections/epidemiology/drug therapy/microbiology/diagnosis ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Prevalence ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Cross Infection/microbiology/epidemiology/drug therapy ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Vancomycin/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {Corynebacterium striatum (C. striatum) is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly colonizing the skin and mucosa in healthy individuals and hospitalized patients. Traditionally regarded as a contaminant, C. striatum is now increasingly recognized as a potential cause of clinical infections, especially after the coronavirus disease pandemic. It has emerged as a pathogen implicated in severe infections, including pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, artificial joint infections, abdominal infections, and endocarditis. C. striatum has been reported in lower respiratory tract infections, mostly as a conditioned pathogen in immunocompromised individuals, particularly in those with chronic structural lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, leading to severe pneumonia or exacerbation of the existing disease and high mortality. Additionally, C striatum has been implicated in the community-acquired pneumonia among immunocompetent individuals and nosocomial lung infections, with evidence of person-to-person transmission through caregivers. C. striatum may exhibit multidrug resistance. Vancomycin, alone or in combination, is currently considered the most effective treatment for C. striatum. This review highlights the epidemiological characteristics, drug resistance mechanisms, diagnostics approaches, and treatment options for C. striatum lower respiratory tract infections to enhance clinician awareness and improve patient management strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39838987, year = {2025}, author = {Ahmad, IS and Dai, J and Xie, Y and Liang, X}, title = {Deep learning models for CT image classification: a comprehensive literature review.}, journal = {Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {962-1011}, pmid = {39838987}, issn = {2223-4292}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Computed tomography (CT) imaging plays a crucial role in the early detection and diagnosis of life-threatening diseases, particularly in respiratory illnesses and oncology. The rapid advancement of deep learning (DL) has revolutionized CT image analysis, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. This review explores the impact of advanced DL methodologies in CT imaging, with a particular focus on their applications in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) detection and lung nodule classification.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, examining the evolution of DL architectures in medical imaging from conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to sophisticated foundational models (FMs). We reviewed publications from major databases, focusing on developments in CT image analysis using DL from 2013 to 2023. Our search criteria included all types of articles, with a focus on peer-reviewed research papers and review articles in English.<br><br>KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: The review reveals that DL, particularly advanced architectures like FMs, has transformed CT image analysis by streamlining interpretation processes and enhancing diagnostic capabilities. We found significant advancements in addressing global health challenges, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in ongoing efforts for lung cancer screening. The review also addresses technical challenges in CT image analysis, including data variability, the need for large high-quality datasets, and computational demands. Innovative strategies such as transfer learning, data augmentation, and distributed computing are explored as solutions to these challenges.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review underscores the pivotal role of DL in advancing CT image analysis, particularly for COVID-19 and lung nodule detection. The integration of DL models into clinical workflows shows promising potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. However, challenges remain in areas of interpretability, validation, and regulatory compliance. The review advocates for continued research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ethical considerations as DL technologies become integral to clinical practice. While traditional imaging techniques remain vital, the integration of DL represents a significant advancement in medical diagnostics, with far-reaching implications for future research, clinical practice, and healthcare policy.}, }
@article {pmid39838019, year = {2025}, author = {McCaig, CD}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 Is an Electricity-Driven Virus.}, journal = {Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology}, volume = {187}, number = {}, pages = {361-410}, pmid = {39838019}, issn = {0303-4240}, mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/physiology/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism/chemistry ; *COVID-19/virology ; Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/metabolism/chemistry ; Electricity ; Phosphoproteins ; }, abstract = {One of the most important and challenging biological events of recent times has been the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Since the underpinning argument behind this book is the ubiquity of electrical forces driving multiple disparate biological events, consideration of key aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins is included. Electrical regulation of spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, membrane protein, and envelope protein is included, with several of their activities regulated by LLPS and the multivalent and π-cation and π-π electrical forces that drive phase separation.}, }
@article {pmid39837721, year = {2025}, author = {Lin, MH and Hu, LJ and Miller, JS and Huang, XJ and Zhao, XY}, title = {CAR-NK cell therapy: a potential antiviral platform.}, journal = {Science bulletin}, volume = {70}, number = {5}, pages = {765-777}, doi = {10.1016/j.scib.2025.01.002}, pmid = {39837721}, issn = {2095-9281}, mesh = {Humans ; *Killer Cells, Natural/immunology/transplantation ; *Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology ; *Virus Diseases/therapy/immunology ; *Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Animals ; }, abstract = {Viral infections persist as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Conventional therapeutic approaches often fall short in fully eliminating viral infections, primarily due to the emergence of drug resistance. Natural killer (NK) cells, one of the important members of the innate immune system, possess potent immunosurveillance and cytotoxic functions, thereby playing a crucial role in the host's defense against viral infections. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cell therapy has been developed to redirect the cytotoxic function of NK cells specifically towards virus-infected cells, further enhancing their cytotoxic efficacy. In this manuscript, we review the role of NK cells in antiviral infections and explore the mechanisms by which viruses evade immune detection. Subsequently, we focus on the optimization strategies for CAR-NK cell therapy to address existing limitations. Furthermore, we discuss significant advancements in CAR-NK cell therapy targeting viral infections, including those caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, human cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus.}, }
@article {pmid39836072, year = {2025}, author = {Vardi, I and Hamdan, S and Zalsman, G and Stukalin, Y}, title = {The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and school closures on self-harming and suicidal behaviors in adolescents: A comprehensive meta-analysis.}, journal = {Suicide &amp; life-threatening behavior}, volume = {55}, number = {1}, pages = {e13156}, doi = {10.1111/sltb.13156}, pmid = {39836072}, issn = {1943-278X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology ; Adolescent ; *Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology/psychology ; *Suicidal Ideation ; *Schools ; Pandemics ; *Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; Suicide, Attempted/statistics &amp; numerical data/psychology ; Suicide/psychology ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected adolescents' mental health, raising concerns about the potential increase in self-harming and suicidal behaviors (SIB). This study aimed to evaluate the pandemic's impact on SIB among adolescents and explore the effects of school closures and psychiatric vulnerabilities to inform future interventions.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed, resulting in 420 studies, of which 36 studies (comprising 53 samples) met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 1,754,106 adolescents. Effect sizes were calculated using proportion effect size. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using Q-statistics and I&#xb2;, while Egger's test was applied to evaluate publication bias. Differences between clinical and community samples, as well as the influence of psychiatric symptoms or disorders, were examined.<br><br>RESULTS: Clinical samples demonstrated higher rates of SIB compared to community samples, with adolescents having psychiatric symptoms or disorders being more vulnerable. Overall, the pandemic was associated with a decline in SIB rates compared to pre-pandemic levels. Suicidal ideation decreased by 4.14% in combined samples and by 7.13% in community samples. Self-harm rates fell by 5.38% and 6.62% in combined and community samples, respectively. In contrast, clinical samples showed a distinct trend, with suicidal ideation decreasing by 29.39%, while self-harm rates increased by 32.51% and suicide attempts rose by 22.41%.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic's impact on adolescents' SIB varied significantly across population types and levels of psychiatric vulnerability. While general declines were observed, the pronounced increases in self-harm and suicide attempts among clinical samples highlight the need for tailored mental health interventions. Addressing these disparities is essential for future mental health strategies and crisis preparedness.}, }
@article {pmid39836023, year = {2025}, author = {Baig, AM and Rosko, S and Jaeger, B and Gerlach, J}, title = {Strategic Inhibition of CHRM Autoantibodies: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Potentials in Long COVID.}, journal = {Journal of medicinal chemistry}, volume = {68}, number = {3}, pages = {2089-2094}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00691}, pmid = {39836023}, issn = {1520-4804}, mesh = {Humans ; *Autoantibodies/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism/immunology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; }, abstract = {In addition to the conventional symptoms reported for COVID-19, it is becoming increasingly clear that patients with long COVID are exhibiting new symptoms due to the emergence of autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors, among which human muscarinic cholinergic receptors (CHRMs) have been prominently reported. With a chronic condition such as long COVID, additional symptoms caused by anti-CHRM autoantibodies (AAbs) have proven to be an added burden on these patients. The origins of these AAbs, their interactions with, and effects on the function of neural and non-neural cells within the nervous system have remained unknown. Furthermore, the specific symptom complex to which they contribute has not been clearly understood. In this context, we address these issues here and suggest methods to combat the autoantibodies that contribute to neurological symptoms in long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid39835969, year = {2025}, author = {Glick, JL and Wiegand, AA and Kennedy, KS and Gribbin, M and Restar, A and Flynn, CP and German, D}, title = {Assessing the State of Published Research Concerning COVID-19 and Transgender and Nonbinary People in the United States via a Scoping Review: Lessons Learned for Future Public Health Crises.}, journal = {LGBT health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1089/lgbt.2023.0422}, pmid = {39835969}, issn = {2325-8306}, abstract = {Purpose: Transgender and nonbinary people (TNB) experienced a disproportionate burden of poor health and socioeconomic outcomes resulting from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, largely driven by increased vulnerability due to pervasive structural discrimination. To characterize the extent and nature of TNB inclusivity within COVID-19 research, we conducted a scoping review of studies published in English from 2019-2022 reporting COVID-19 pandemic impacts on TNB individuals in the United States. Methods: We searched PubMed (PubMed.gov), Embase (Elsevier), PsycInfo (EBSCO), Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), and CINAHL (EBSCO), and TNB-focused organizational websites using search concepts 1) COVID-19, 2) TNB people. Studies were systematically reviewed for inclusion. Findings were extracted then summarized using systematic narrative synthesis. Results: Our search identified 1518 studies; 80 articles (65 peer-reviewed, 15 gray literature) met eligibility criteria. Most studies collected data early in the pandemic (69%) utilizing quantitative methods (79%), survey data (81%), and convenience sampling methods (65%); geographic foci varied. Many studies lacked transparent reporting on TNB involvement (80%), race/ethnicity of TNB subsamples (67%), and gender measurement (30%). The findings addressed COVID-19 (39%), mental health (29%), socioeconomics (26%), health care access (24%), physical health (13%), substance use (11%), violence/discrimination (8%), resiliency/coping (5%), gender identity/expression (5%), and sexual health (4%). Conclusions: A substantial amount of COVID-19 research inclusive of TNB people was conducted during the initial 2.5 years of the pandemic. However, there were key methodological (e.g., standardized measurement, enhanced community involvement) and topical gaps (e.g., social and structural resiliencies), which should be addressed in future research and practice to reduce TNB health disparities related to COVID-19 and future public health crises.}, }
@article {pmid39835258, year = {2024}, author = {Keels, JN and McDonald, IR and Lee, CS and Dwyer, AA}, title = {Antidiabetic agent use and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1482853}, pmid = {39835258}, issn = {1664-2392}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications/epidemiology ; Hospitalization ; *Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy/mortality ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The effect of antidiabetic agents on mortality outcomes is unclear for individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) who are hospitalized for COVID-19.<br><br>PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between antidiabetic agent use and clinical outcomes in individuals with DM hospitalized for COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review of the literature (2020-2024) was performed across five databases. Included articles reported primary research (English) reporting clinical outcomes of adult patients (&#x2265;18 yrs.) with DM receiving antidiabetic agents who were hospitalized for COVID-19. Following PRISMA guidelines articles underwent independent dual review. Quality appraisal was completed for included studies. Independent reviewers used a structured data extraction form to retrieve relevant data. Aggregated data were synthesized by treatment regimen and reported descriptively. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to assess relative risk and prevalence of mortality.<br><br>RESULTS: After removing duplicates, title and abstract screening of 4,898 articles identified 118 articles for full-text review and 35 articles were retained for analysis. Included articles were primarily from China (15/35, 43%) and retrospective in nature (31/35, 89%). Fourteen studies (40%) assessed multiple antidiabetic agents, fifteen studies (42%) focused on metformin, three studies (9%) assessed the use of DPP-4 inhibitors, and three single studies (9%) investigated the use of insulin, TZD, and SGLT2 inhibitors. Despite differences among studies, the overall relative risk of mortality among metformin and DPP-4 inhibitor users was 0.432 (95% CI = 0.268-0.695, z = 3.45, p < 0.001) and the overall prevalence of mortality among all antidiabetic users was 16% (95% CI = 13%-19%, z = 10.70, p < 0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Synthesis of findings suggest that patients who remained on oral agents (with/without supplemental insulin therapy) exhibited decreased mortality and lower inflammatory markers. Results indicate that individuals with DM should continue oral antidiabetic agents with additional basal insulin as needed to improve glycemic control and reduce mortality. Further work is needed to uncover mechanism(s) and clarify medical management approaches.}, }
@article {pmid39835166, year = {2025}, author = {Olebo, DF and Igwe, MC}, title = {Comparative Analysis of Virology and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV Infections: Implications for Public Health and Treatment Strategies.}, journal = {Infection and drug resistance}, volume = {18}, number = {}, pages = {269-283}, pmid = {39835166}, issn = {1178-6973}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are significant 21st-century pandemics with distinct virological and clinical characteristics. COVID-19 primarily presents as an acute respiratory illness, while HIV leads to chronic immune suppression. Understanding their differences can enhance public health strategies and treatment approaches.<br><br>PURPOSE: This narrative review compares the virology, transmission, immune responses, and clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV to inform treatment strategies and public health interventions.<br><br>METHODS: A narrative review was conducted, synthesizing data from peer-reviewed literature and expert commentary from 2010 to 2024. Databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies.<br><br>RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 primarily spreads through airborne droplets and contaminated surfaces, while HIV transmits through direct contact with infected bodily fluids. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 involves both innate and adaptive systems, potentially leading to a cytokine storm in severe cases. In contrast, HIV evades the immune system by integrating into host cells, resulting in chronic infection and progressive immune deterioration. Treatment for SARS-CoV-2 focuses on symptom management and prevention, with antiviral medications and vaccines playing crucial roles. Conversely, HIV treatment relies on antiretroviral therapy (ART) to suppress viral replication and maintain immune function.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The review highlights the acute nature of SARS-CoV-2 versus the chronic progression of HIV. Tailored prevention and treatment strategies are essential for effective disease management.<br><br>RECOMMENDATIONS: Public health strategies should address the unique transmission routes and progression of both viruses. Further research into vaccine development and therapeutic interventions is critical for improving disease management.}, }
@article {pmid39835117, year = {2024}, author = {Galipeau, Y and Cooper, C and Langlois, MA}, title = {Autoantibodies in COVID-19: implications for disease severity and clinical outcomes.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1509289}, pmid = {39835117}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *Autoantibodies/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Autoimmunity ; *Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; }, abstract = {Few pathogens have historically been subjected to as intense scientific and clinical scrutiny as SARS-CoV-2. The genetic, immunological, and environmental factors influencing disease severity and post-infection clinical outcomes, known as correlates of immunity, remain largely undefined. Clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic cases to those with life-threatening COVID-19 symptoms. While most infected individuals return to their former health and fitness within a few weeks, some develop debilitating chronic symptoms, referred to as long-COVID. Autoimmune responses have been proposed as one of the factors influencing long-COVID and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The association between viral infections and autoimmune pathologies is not new. Viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, among others, have been shown to induce the production of autoantibodies and the onset of autoimmune conditions. Given the extensive literature on SARS-CoV-2, here we review current evidence on SARS-CoV-2-induced autoimmune pathologies, with a focus on autoantibodies. We closely examine mechanisms driving autoantibody production, particularly their connection with disease severity and long-COVID.}, }
@article {pmid39835050, year = {2024}, author = {Lindsay, J and Incristi, AR and Liu, A and Arnett, B and Costa, M and Chong, C}, title = {Connecting the Past and Present: An Updated Literature Review of Aquagenic Syringeal Acrokeratoderma.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {16}, number = {12}, pages = {e76002}, pmid = {39835050}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Aquagenic syringeal acrokeradermatoma (ASA) is a dermatological condition characterized by the transient appearance of edematous, white, translucent papules on the palms, typically triggered by water exposure. While ASA is most commonly associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) and predominantly affects young females, there has been a significant increase in ASA cases since the most recent update in 2015. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the number of patients diagnosed with ASA following exposure to the viral infection. The growing body of literature suggests a multifactorial etiology for ASA, with potential links to CF, medication use, and possibly COVID-19-related behavioral changes. Due to the recent increase in cases of ASA, an updated review seeks to quantify the existing literature that has been published on the prevalence of this condition. This review sought to find those newly diagnosed cases between the years 2014 and 2024. Through a literature review, we were able to find 57 cases of ASA since the last significant update to the total number of cases found in the literature. This review includes the prevalence of CF, a known etiology of ASA, as well as demographic information and known status of exposure to COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39834963, year = {2024}, author = {Vojjala, N and Peshin, S and Jayakumar, J and Kotla, N and Dharia, A and Balla, M and Krishnamoorthy, G}, title = {Re-optimizing the Time Frame for Classifying Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: An Unmet Need.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {16}, number = {12}, pages = {e75951}, pmid = {39834963}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare and complex form of stroke, representing a small percentage of all stroke cases. The disease's clinical presentation is highly variable, involving a wide range of medical specialists due to its diverse manifestations. Over the past decade, significant advancements in understanding CVT have been made, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent vaccination efforts. Current classification systems of CVT, which categorize the disease as acute, subacute, or chronic based on symptom onset, vary significantly in their criteria and practical relevance. Key challenges include aligning these time-based classifications with real-world delays in diagnosis and treatment, as well as understanding the timing and nature of complications such as raised intracranial pressure and the need for decompressive procedures. Radiological studies of clot morphology provide additional insights, suggesting that clot characteristics may indicate the recanalization potential and influence treatment strategies. However, the relationship between clot recanalization and clinical outcomes remains debated. A comprehensive classification that integrates clinical, radiological, and prognostic parameters could aid in better managing CVT and improving patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39834580, year = {2024}, author = {Sen Chaudhuri, A and Sun, J}, title = {Lung-resident lymphocytes and their roles in respiratory infections and chronic respiratory diseases.}, journal = {Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {214-223}, pmid = {39834580}, issn = {2772-5588}, abstract = {Recent scientific breakthroughs have blurred traditional boundaries between innate and adaptive immunity, revealing a sophisticated network of tissue-resident cells that deliver immediate, localized immune responses. These lymphocytes not only provide rapid frontline defense but also present a paradoxical role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and the long-term tissue consequences of viral infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review traverses the intricate landscape of lung-resident lymphocytes, delving into their origins, diverse functions, and their dualistic impact on pulmonary health. We dissect their interactions with the microenvironment and the regulatory mechanisms guiding their activity, with an emphasis on their contribution to both immune protection and immunopathology. This review aims to elucidate the complex narrative of these cells, enhancing our understanding of the development of precise therapeutic strategies to combat acute and chronic pulmonary diseases. Through this exploration, the review aspires to shed light on the potential of harnessing lung-resident lymphocytes for the treatment of respiratory conditions.}, }
@article {pmid39834418, year = {2025}, author = {Tayfour Ahmed, AE and Dhahi, TS and Attia, TA and Elhassan Ali, FA and Elobaid, ME and Adam, T and Gopinath, SCB}, title = {AI-optimized electrochemical aptasensors for stable, reproducible detection of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and coronavirus.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {e41338}, pmid = {39834418}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {AI-optimized electrochemical aptasensors are transforming diagnostic testing by offering high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response times. Leveraging data-driven AI techniques, these sensors provide a non-invasive, cost-effective alternative to traditional methods, with applications in detecting molecular biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and coronavirus. The performance metrics outlined in the comparative table illustrate the significant advancements enabled by AI integration. Sensitivity increases from 60 to 75 % in ordinary aptasensors to 85-95 %, while specificity improves from 70-80 % to 90-98 %. This enhanced performance allows for ultra-low detection limits, such as 10 fM for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and 20 fM for mucin-1 (MUC1) using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and 1 pM for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). Similarly, Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) and potentiometric sensors have detected alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) at 5 fM and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) at 100 fM, respectively. AI integration also enhances reproducibility, reduces false positives and negatives (from 15-20 % to 5-10 %), and significantly decreases response times (from 10-15 s to 2-3 s). These advancements improve data processing speeds (from 10 to 20 min per sample to 2-5 min) and calibration accuracy (<2 % margin of error compared to 5-10 %), while expanding application scope to multi-target biomarker detection. This review highlights how these advancements position AI-optimized electrochemical aptasensors as powerful tools for personalized treatment, point-of-care testing, and continuous health monitoring. Despite a higher cost ($500-$1,500/unit), their enhanced portability and diagnostic performance promise to revolutionize healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety, ultimately improving public health outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39833917, year = {2025}, author = {Buccheri, S and James, S and Mafham, M and Landray, M and Melvin, T and Oldgren, J and Bulbulia, R and Bowman, L and Hoogervorst, LA and Marang-van de Mheen, PJ and Juni, P and McCulloch, P and Fraser, AG}, title = {Large simple randomized controlled trials-from drugs to medical devices: lessons from recent experience.}, journal = {Trials}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {24}, pmid = {39833917}, issn = {1745-6215}, support = {965246//European Union/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods ; *Research Design ; COVID-19 ; *Equipment and Supplies ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the cornerstone of modern evidence-based medicine. They are considered essential to establish definitive evidence of efficacy and safety for new drugs, and whenever possible they should also be the preferred method for investigating new high-risk medical devices. Well-designed studies robustly inform clinical practice guidelines and decision-making, but administrative obstacles have made it increasingly difficult to conduct informative RCTs. The obstacles are compounded for RCTs of high-risk medical devices by extra costs related to the interventional procedure that is needed to implant the device, challenges with willingness to randomize patients throughout a trial, and difficulties in ensuring proper blinding even with sham procedures. One strategy that may help is to promote the wider use of simpler and more streamlined RCTs using data that are collected routinely during healthcare delivery. Recent large simple RCTs have successfully compared the performance of drugs and of high-risk medical devices, against alternative treatments; they enrolled many patients in a short time, limited costs, and improved efficiency, while also achieving major impact. From a task conducted within the CORE-MD project, we report from our combined experience of designing and conducting large pharmaceutical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic, and of planning and coordinating large registry-based RCTs of cardiovascular devices. We summarize the essential principles and utility of large simple RCTs, likely applicable to all interventions but especially in order to promote their wider adoption to evaluate new medical devices.}, }
@article {pmid39833784, year = {2025}, author = {Liao, HC and Liu, SJ}, title = {Advances in nucleic acid-based cancer vaccines.}, journal = {Journal of biomedical science}, volume = {32}, number = {1}, pages = {10}, pmid = {39833784}, issn = {1423-0127}, support = {NSTC 113-2740-B-400-004 -//National Science and Technology Council/ ; IV-113-GP-06//National Health Research Institutes/ ; IV-113-PP-17//National Health Research Institutes/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Cancer Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; *Neoplasms/immunology/therapy ; *Vaccines, DNA/immunology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; mRNA Vaccines ; }, abstract = {Nucleic acid vaccines have emerged as crucial advancements in vaccine technology, particularly highlighted by the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The widespread administration of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 to billions globally marks a significant milestone. Furthermore, the approval of an mRNA vaccine for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) this year underscores the versatility of this technology. In oncology, the combination of mRNA vaccine encoding neoantigens and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown remarkable efficacy in eliciting protective responses against diseases like melanoma and pancreatic cancer. Although the use of a COVID-19 DNA vaccine has been limited to India, the inherent stability at room temperature and cost-effectiveness of DNA vaccines present a viable option that could benefit developing countries. These advantages may help DNA vaccines address some of the challenges associated with mRNA vaccines. Currently, several trials are exploring the use of DNA-encoded neoantigens in combination with ICIs across various cancer types. These studies highlight the promising role of nucleic acid-based vaccines as the next generation of immunotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment. This review will delve into the recent advancements and current developmental status of both mRNA and DNA-based cancer vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid39833468, year = {2025}, author = {Bowden-Reid, E and Moles, E and Kelleher, A and Ahlenstiel, C}, title = {Harnessing antiviral RNAi therapeutics for pandemic viruses: SARS-CoV-2 and HIV.}, journal = {Drug delivery and translational research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {39833468}, issn = {2190-3948}, abstract = {Using the knowledge from decades of research into RNA-based therapies, the COVID-19 pandemic response saw the rapid design, testing and production of the first ever mRNA vaccines approved for human use in the clinic. This breakthrough has been a significant milestone for RNA therapeutics and vaccines, driving an exponential growth of research into the field. The development of novel RNA therapeutics targeting high-threat pathogens, that pose a substantial risk to global health, could transform the future of health delivery. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the two RNA interference (RNAi) pathways and how antiviral RNAi therapies can be used to treat acute or chronic diseases caused by the pandemic viruses SARS-CoV-2 and HIV, respectively. We also provide insights into short-interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery systems, with a focus on how lipid nanoparticles can be functionalized to achieve targeted delivery to specific sites of disease. This review will provide the current developments of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV targeted siRNAs, highlighting strategies to advance the progression of antiviral siRNA along the clinical development pathway.}, }
@article {pmid39833029, year = {2025}, author = {Li, F and Jiang, X and Liu, Y and Wang, W and Zhang, C}, title = {Diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 complicated with liver abscess: A case report and literature review.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {104}, number = {3}, pages = {e40839}, pmid = {39833029}, issn = {1536-5964}, support = {//The first batch of proposed municipal COVID-19 prevention and control technology guide emergency research projects (Shiyan municipal bureau of science and technology documents)/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *COVID-19/complications/therapy/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; *Liver Abscess/therapy/diagnosis/etiology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Drainage/methods ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {RATIONALE: Novel coronavirus pneumonia is spreading in many countries and regions. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is characterized by rapid onset, high infectivity, rapid progression, and variably effective treatment.<br><br>PATIENT CONCERNS: One 63-year-old woman presented to the fever clinic of our hospital on February 10, 2020, due to a fever for 12 days.<br><br>DIAGNOSES: COVID-19 complicated with liver abscess.<br><br>INTERVENTIONS: A case report of a patient with COVID-19 complicated with liver abscess admitted to our hospital was used to explore the treatment methods for COVID-19 complicated with bacterial liver abscess. The sepsis caused by pulmonary viral infection and liver bacterial infection were correctly distinguished, and the patient was cured and discharged after targeted treatment, abscess, and pleural puncture and drainage.<br><br>OUTCOMES: The patient was cured with a normal temperature is >3 days and coronavirus 3 consecutive negative nucleic acid detection.<br><br>LESSONS: COVID-19, elderly critically ill patients may be prone to rapid onset, complex disease, multiple organ damage, prolonged hospital stay, and high mortality. In the treatment of such COVID-19 patients, holistic thinking is required, pathology may not be limited to the lung, but may affect other organs, and treatment guidelines should not be blindly followed. Medication may need to be individualized for patients with COVID-19 complicated with liver abscess.}, }
@article {pmid39832826, year = {2025}, author = {Sahoo, OS and Sapam, D and Ajmeria, S and Aidasani, H and Dhar, R and Karmakar, S}, title = {Immunobiology of MPox Infection and Its Management: Experience From Developing Nations.}, journal = {Reviews in medical virology}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {e70015}, doi = {10.1002/rmv.70015}, pmid = {39832826}, issn = {1099-1654}, mesh = {Humans ; Developing Countries ; Animals ; *Mpox, Monkeypox/epidemiology/immunology/transmission/virology/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/transmission ; Disease Outbreaks ; Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology/transmission/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Monkeypox virus/immunology ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: As humanity grapples with the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, the rising threats of the MPox virus (MPXV) in 2022 and 2024 have shown signs of global transmission and the potential to spark another pandemic. Though MPXV has been present for over 5 decades, with cases traditionally confined to endemic regions in West and Central Africa, recent outbreaks have occurred in multiple non-endemic regions, declaring itself as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This study aims to examine the patterns of MPXV transmission, its zoonotic potential, associated complications, and viable strategies to control its spread.<br><br>METHODS: The study examines recent outbreak data, case reports, and literature on MPXV transmission, emphasising zoonotic pathways and healthcare-associated cases. A bibliometric analysis has also been performed to deepen the understanding and identify emerging research trends.<br><br>RESULTS: The findings suggest that while MPXV has traditionally been endemic in certain regions of Africa, recent outbreaks indicate an increased transmission risk in non-endemic countries, raising concerns about potential global spread. Data reveals that much of the transmission has occurred within healthcare settings. Additionally, global research on the outbreak remains limited and requires further exploration from various perspectives, emphasising the need for prompt intervention.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Containing MPXV's spread is essential to prevent another potential pandemic. Effective management and control strategies, including enhanced surveillance, public health interventions, and targeted education within at-risk communities, are critical to mitigate the spread and impact of MPXV globally. This study advocates for a proactive approach to MPXV control to avoid its escalation into a widespread health crisis.}, }
@article {pmid39832587, year = {2025}, author = {Vasudhevan, P and Ruoyu, Z and Ma, H and Singh, S and Varshney, D and Pu, S}, title = {Biocatalytic enzymes in food packaging, biomedical, and biotechnological applications: A comprehensive review.}, journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules}, volume = {300}, number = {}, pages = {140069}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140069}, pmid = {39832587}, issn = {1879-0003}, mesh = {*Biocatalysis ; *Biotechnology/methods ; *Food Packaging/methods ; Humans ; *Enzymes/metabolism/chemistry ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The increasing environmental concerns and health risks associated with synthetic chemicals have driven the demand for sustainable and eco-friendly solutions. Biocatalysis, employing enzymes or whole cells as biocatalysts, has emerged as a powerful alternative. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the applications of biocatalytic enzymes in food packaging, biomedical sciences, and biotechnology. We highlight the potential of enzymes like laccase, glucose oxidase, lysozyme, protease, lipase, cellulase, and asparaginase to replace traditional chemical methods, driving innovation and sustainability. The global enzyme market is also analyzed, including current trends, emerging demands, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to bridge knowledge gaps, emphasize recent technological breakthroughs, and showcase the potential of biocatalytic enzymes to address critical industrial challenges while supporting environmental sustainability and economic growth.}, }
@article {pmid39832090, year = {2025}, author = {Niewiadomski, P and Ortega-Ortega, M and Łyszczarz, B}, title = {Productivity Losses due to Health Problems Arising from COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Population-Level Studies Worldwide.}, journal = {Applied health economics and health policy}, volume = {23}, number = {2}, pages = {231-251}, pmid = {39832090}, issn = {1179-1896}, support = {2022/47/B/HS4/00081//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/economics/epidemiology ; *Efficiency ; *Global Health/economics ; *Pandemics/economics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Absenteeism ; *Cost of Illness ; }, abstract = {AIM: To systematically review the evidence on productivity losses due to health problems arising from the COVID-19 pandemic based on evidence from population-level studies.<br><br>METHODS: Following PRISMA statement, we conducted a systematic review using Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, EconLit, WHO COVID-19 Research and EuropePMC databases and a grey literature search. We included population-level studies using secondary data and qualitatively assessed eligible studies. For a quantitative cross-study comparison, we calculated losses in 2020 international dollars and as a share of gross domestic product. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023478059.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies were eligible for review, most of which reported losses in high-income countries and the European region. COVID-19 was a focus of 33 studies while 3 studies investigated losses from both long COVID and excess mortality. The Human Capital Approach dominated (30 studies) and no study used the Friction Cost Approach. Most studies (84%) reported on premature mortality losses and a quarter provided estimates of losses due to absenteeism. Of the 33 studies eligible for quantitative comparison, we found that the productivity losses ranged from 0 to 2.1% of gross domestic product; the greatest losses were in the high-income countries and for those aged 40-59&#xa0;years; and losses among men contributed to around 3/4 of the total burden.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The available evidence on the topic is limited, particularly considering the methodological approaches used. Thus, more research is needed to reach a more comprehensive understanding of economy-level productivity losses resulting from the recent COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39830837, year = {2025}, author = {Yskak, A and Sokharev, Y and Zhumalynov, K and Koneva, E and Afanasyeva, N and Borodulin, D and Babaskin, D and Nugmanov, A and Nurushev, M and Chashkov, V}, title = {Hormonal Implications of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Endocrine Disruptions.}, journal = {Scientifica}, volume = {2025}, number = {}, pages = {7305185}, pmid = {39830837}, issn = {2090-908X}, abstract = {To improve medical care and rehabilitation algorithms for patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is important to evaluate and summarize the available data on the effect of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on the endocrine system. The purpose of this review was to study the effect of COVID-19 on the endocrine system. The scientific novelty of this study is the evaluation of the effect of coronavirus infection on the endocrine system and the potential effect of hormones on susceptibility to COVID-19. The results of this review show that the endocrine system is vulnerable to disorders caused by COVID-19, mainly thyroid dysfunction and hyperglycemia. The information in the published literature mentioned here contains some unclear aspects and contradictory data, but much remains to be studied and clarified regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the endocrine system. In particular, this concerns the study of the hyperglycemic status of patients who have had coronavirus infection, which is extremely important for the future metabolic health of COVID-19 survivors. This review contributes to the scientific discourse by systematically synthesizing disparate studies to identify patterns, gaps, and emerging trends in the literature concerning the effects of COVID-19 on the endocrine system. By integrating these findings, this study offers a novel perspective on potential hormonal interactions influencing COVID-19 susceptibility and outcomes, proposing new hypotheses and frameworks for future research.}, }
@article {pmid39830533, year = {2024}, author = {Rao, DMS and Mishra, J and Vasudeo Damodar, S and Gajendra Bagal, J and S, VK and Ammu Joseph, R and Karra, T and Shrivastava, R}, title = {Uncovering the Role of Indian Medicinal Botanicals in COVID-19 Prevention and Management: A Review.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {16}, number = {12}, pages = {e75920}, pmid = {39830533}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Indian traditional medicine, based on Ayurveda and Siddha, has become one of the global searches for complementary approaches to conventional interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review presents the antiviral, immune-boosting, and anti-inflammatory properties of some medicinal key plants such as Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Amla (Emblica officinalis), and Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia). Tulsi appears to inhibit viral replication, Neem increases immune cell synthesis, while Ashwagandha regulates inflammation and stress responses. Vitamin C-rich Amla increases immune defense while also providing protection against oxidative stress and Giloy modulates immune response and its activity, acting as an overall resilience against infection. However, the clinical integration of these plants into mainstream healthcare is hindered by the absence of robust clinical trials, standardization of phytochemicals, and the absence of global standard protocols. In order to establish safety and efficacy, substantial research is needed, including large-scale randomized clinical trials and sophisticated bioinformatics techniques. Indian medicinal plants provide innovative, sustainable, and holistic solutions to global health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, by bridging traditional knowledge with modern scientific frameworks.}, }
@article {pmid39829669, year = {2024}, author = {Solikhah, TI and Agustin, QAD and Damaratri, RA and Siwi, DAF and Rafi'uttaqi, GN and Hartadi, VA and Solikhah, GP}, title = {A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection.}, journal = {Veterinary world}, volume = {17}, number = {11}, pages = {2417-2432}, pmid = {39829669}, issn = {0972-8988}, abstract = {Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an infectious disease characterized by non-specific laboratory changes and clinical signs. Clinical symptoms include anorexia, jaundice, fever, and weight loss. Moreover, some lesions are found in the digestive and respiratory systems. FIP, whose virulence varies, cannot be distinguished using several diagnostic methods. Moreover, feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) can be classified into two serotypes based on differences in their amino acid sequences, spike (S) protein sequences, and antibody (Ab) neutralization. There are two pathotypes, namely those caused by FCoV, which are often referred to as feline enteric coronavirus and FIP virus (FIPV). Furthermore, FIPV infection can be caused by sub-neutralizing levels of anti-FIPV S Abs. Therefore, a supporting diagnosis is needed to confirm FIP because there are no specific symptoms. This review aimed to provide updated information on FIP, including epizootiology, clinical and pathological characteristics, pathogenesis, hematology, clinicopathological and imaging features, pathological features, experimental infection, treatment and prevention, infection and immunity, animal and public health considerations.}, }
@article {pmid39829160, year = {2025}, author = {Xu, J and Alberto, M and Woon, D and Bolton, D and Ischia, J}, title = {The COVID-19 pandemic and Urology - reflecting on successful initiatives and lessons in Australia.}, journal = {BJU international}, volume = {135 Suppl 3}, number = {Suppl 3}, pages = {5-11}, pmid = {39829160}, issn = {1464-410X}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; Australia/epidemiology ; *Urology/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Pandemics ; *Urologic Surgical Procedures ; Waiting Lists ; *Urologic Diseases/surgery/epidemiology ; Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To summarise the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on urological practice globally with a focus on Australian initiatives, as the pandemic resulted in radical changes in healthcare infrastructure and policies.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a literature review of the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) and Web of Science medical databases. The key terms used to conduct our search algorithm comprised of 'COVID', 'wait list or wait time or delay', 'urology', 'surgery' and 'outcomes', and generated 231 articles. Abstracts were reviewed for relevance and 40 studies selected for full-text review. Society position statements and government level press release statements were identified through citation tracking and additionally included.<br><br>RESULTS/DISCUSSION: The halt on elective surgical services during the pandemic was deemed necessary to curb infection rates and conserve healthcare resources. However, it resulted in extended wait times and large surgical backlogs with major downstream effects. Australia fared favourably with regards to infection rates compared to international populations consequent upon strict border control, vaccine mandates, and stringent lockdowns. However, similar trends were noted in both oncological and non-oncological urology service reduction, resulting in significant concerns regarding the long-term sequelae of delayed surgery and missed appointments upon patient clinical outcome. Initiatives including collaborative partnerships between public and private hospital sectors, government-funded programmes and adoption of telehealth were successfully established as part of Australia's efforts to stabilise our healthcare system in response to the pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Australia's pandemic efforts have highlighted the escalating imbalance between increasing demand from a growing and ageing population on an already over-burdened system with finite resources. The additional strain of managing post-COVID-19 pandemic fallout in this context provides further challenges for clinicians and healthcare administrators alike. Collaboration by all stakeholders must continue in order to seek innovative solutions to maximise efficiency of healthcare service utilisation, so that quality universal healthcare provision may continue in the future.}, }
@article {pmid39828433, year = {2025}, author = {Dinga, JN and Akinbobola, JS and Afolayan, FID and Njoh, AA and Kassa, T and Lazarus, DD and Dieye, Y and Kassa, GM and Duedu, KO and Tshifhiwa, N and Oumouna, M and , }, title = {Association of gross domestic product with equitable access to childhood vaccines in 195 countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39828433}, issn = {2059-7908}, mesh = {Humans ; *Health Services Accessibility/statistics &amp; numerical data/economics ; *Gross Domestic Product/statistics &amp; numerical data ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Global Health ; *Vaccines/supply &amp; distribution/economics ; *Vaccination Coverage/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Child ; Immunization Programs ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Gross domestic product (GDP) has been shown to affect government spending on various budget heads including healthcare and the purchase and distribution of vaccines. This vulnerable situation has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic which disrupted and exposed the fragile nature of equitable access to vaccines for childhood immunisation globally. A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association of country income status and GDP with vaccination coverage of vaccines for childhood immunisation and other major infectious diseases around the globe will inform global and national policy on equity in living standards and vaccine uptake. This study was carried out to identify factors influenced by GDP that affect access, distribution, and uptake of childhood vaccines around the world using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.<br><br>METHODS: Data were extracted for the burden of major infectious diseases of childhood immunisation programmes, factors affecting access to vaccines, vaccine procurement platforms, vaccination coverage and percentage of GDP used for the procurement of vaccines. Factors influencing the global vaccination coverage rate were also assessed. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022350418) and carried out using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.<br><br>RESULTS: Data from 195 countries showed that the following infectious diseases had the highest burden; human papillomavirus (HPV), measles, Ebola and yellow fever. Low-income and some lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) used COVAX and UNICEF for vaccine procurement while high-income countries (HICs) preferred national and regional public tenders. Global vaccination coverage for tuberculosis, diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b, measles, polio, meningitis and HPV had a significantly higher coverage than COVID-19. Being an HIC and having coverage data collected from 1985 to 2015 as the most current data were associated with high vaccination coverage. The percentage of GDP spent on vaccine procurement did not influence vaccination coverage.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Low-income countries and LMICs should prioritise vaccine research and improve on development capacity. Countries worldwide should share data on vaccine expenditure, vaccination coverage, and the development and introduction of new vaccines and technologies to facilitate equitable vaccine access.}, }
@article {pmid39828430, year = {2025}, author = {Gales, M and Yonally Phillips, EL and Zilversmit Pao, L and Dubray, C and Rodriguez Ribas Elizalde, C and Heidari, S and Degail, MA and Meudec, M and Siddiqui, MR and Carter, SE}, title = {Beyond COVID-19, the case for collecting, analysing and using sex-disaggregated data and gendered data to inform outbreak response: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39828430}, issn = {2059-7908}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention &amp; control ; Female ; Male ; Sex Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Understanding sex and gender differences during outbreaks is critical to delivering an effective response. Although recommendations and minimum requirements exist, the incorporation of sex-disaggregated data and gender analysis into outbreak analytics and response for informed decision-making remains infrequent. A scoping review was conducted to provide an overview of the extent of sex-disaggregated data and gender analysis in outbreak response within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).<br><br>METHODS: Five databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature examining sex- and gender-specific outcomes for communicable disease outbreaks published in English between 1 January 2012 and 12 April 2022. An adapted version of the WHO's Gender Analysis Matrix was used to synthesise evidence, which was then mapped across four phases of the outbreak timeline: prevention, detection, treatment/management and recovery.<br><br>RESULTS: 71 articles met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Sex-, gender-, and pregnancy-related disparities were identified throughout all four phases of the outbreak timeline. These disparities encompassed a wide range of risk factors for disease, vulnerability, access to and use of services, health-seeking behaviour, healthcare options, as well as experiences in healthcare settings and health and social outcomes and consequences.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Significant gender-evidence gaps remain in outbreak response. Evidence that is available illustrates that sex and gender disparities in outbreaks vary by disease, setting and population, and these differences play significant roles in shaping outbreak dynamics. As such, failing to collect, analyse or use sex-disaggregated data and gendered data during outbreaks results in less effective responses, differential adverse health outcomes, increased vulnerability among certain groups and insufficient evidence for effective prevention and response efforts. Systematic sex- and gender-based analyses to ensure gender-responsive outbreak prevention, detection, treatment/management and recovery are urgently needed.}, }
@article {pmid39827814, year = {2025}, author = {Jyotirmaya, SS and Rath, S and Dandapat, J}, title = {Redox imbalance driven epigenetic reprogramming and cardiovascular dysfunctions: phytocompounds for prospective epidrugs.}, journal = {Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology}, volume = {138}, number = {}, pages = {156380}, doi = {10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156380}, pmid = {39827814}, issn = {1618-095X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy/genetics ; *Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects ; Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects ; *Phytochemicals/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; DNA Methylation/drug effects ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major contributor to global mortality and are gaining incremental attention following the COVID-19 outbreak. Epigenetic events such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs have a significant impact on the incidence and onset of CVDs. Altered redox status is one of the major causative factors that regulate epigenetic pathways linked to CVDs. Various bioactive phytocompounds used in alternative therapies including Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) regulate redox balance and epigenetic phenomena linked to CVDs. Phytocompound-based medications are in the limelight for the development of cost-effective drugs with the least side effects, which will have immense therapeutic applications.<br><br>PURPOSE: This review comprehends certain risk factors associated with CVDs and triggered by oxidative stress-driven epigenetic remodelling. Further, it critically evaluates the pharmacological efficacy of phytocompounds as inhibitors of HAT/HDAC and DNMTs as well as miRNAs regulator that lowers the incidence of CVDs, aiming for new candidates as prospective epidrugs.<br><br>METHODS: PRISMA flow approach has been adopted for systematic literature review. Different Journals, computational databases, search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and ResearchGate were used to collect online information for literature survey. Statistical information collected from the World Health Organization (WHO) site (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)) and the American Heart Association of Heart Disease and Stroke reported the international and national status of CVDs.<br><br>RESULTS: The meta-analysis of various studies is elucidated in the literature, shedding light on major risk factors such as socioeconomic parameters, which contribute highly to redox imbalance, epigenetic modulations, and CVDs. Going forward, redox imbalance driven epigenetic regulations include changes in DNA methylation status, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs expression pattern which further regulates global as well as promoter modification of various transcription factors leading to the onset of CVDs. Further, the role of various bioactive compounds used in herbal medicine, including TCM for redox regulation and epigenetic modifications are discussed. Pharmacological safety doses and different phases of clinical trials of these phytocompounds are elaborated on, which shed light on the acceptance of these phytocompounds as prospective drugs.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review suggests a strong linkage between therapeutic and preventive measures against CVDs by targeting redox imbalance-driven epigenetic reprogramming using phytocompounds as prospective epidrugs. Future in-depth research is required to evaluate the possible molecular mechanisms behind the phytocompound-mediated epigenetic reprogramming and oxidative stress management during CVD progression.}, }
@article {pmid39827150, year = {2025}, author = {Mohanto, N and Mondal, H and Park, YJ and Jee, JP}, title = {Therapeutic delivery of oxygen using artificial oxygen carriers demonstrates the possibility of treating a wide range of diseases.}, journal = {Journal of nanobiotechnology}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {25}, pmid = {39827150}, issn = {1477-3155}, support = {22-CM-17//The Institute of Civil Military Technology Cooperation funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of Korean government/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Oxygen/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; *Blood Substitutes/therapeutic use/chemistry ; COVID-19 ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Fluorocarbons/chemistry ; Hemoglobins/chemistry ; }, abstract = {Artificial oxygen carriers have emerged as potential substitutes for red blood cells in situations of major blood loss, including accidents, surgical procedures, trauma, childbirth, stomach ulcers, hemorrhagic shock, and blood vessel ruptures which can lead to sudden reduction in blood volume. The therapeutic delivery of oxygen utilizing artificial oxygen carriers as red blood cell substitutes presents a promising avenue for treating a spectrum of disease models. Apart from that, the recent advancement of artificial oxygen carriers intended to supplant conventional blood transfusions draws significant attention due to the exigencies of warfare and the ongoing challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a pressing need to formulate stable, non-toxic, and immunologically inert oxygen carriers. Even though numerous challenges are encountered in the development of artificial oxygen carriers, their applicability extends to various medical treatments, encompassing elective and cardiovascular surgeries, hemorrhagic shock, decompression illness, acute stroke, myocardial infarction, sickle cell crisis, and proficient addressing conditions such as cerebral hypoxia. Therefore, this paper provides an overview of therapeutic oxygen delivery using assorted types of artificial oxygen carriers, including hemoglobin-based, perfluorocarbon-based, stem cell-derived, and oxygen micro/nanobubbles, in the treatment of diverse disease models. Additionally, it discusses the potential side effects and limitations associated with these interventions, while incorporating completed and ongoing research and recent clinical developments. Finally, the prospective solutions and general demands of the perfect artificial oxygen carriers were anticipated to be a reference for subsequent research endeavors.}, }
@article {pmid39826380, year = {2025}, author = {Hu, LY and Cai, AQ and Li, B and Sun, YQ and Li, Z and Liu, JP and Cao, HJ}, title = {Prevalence and risk factors for long COVID in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.}, journal = {Journal of infection and public health}, volume = {18}, number = {3}, pages = {102652}, doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102652}, pmid = {39826380}, issn = {1876-035X}, mesh = {Humans ; China/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Observational Studies as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Female ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: With the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, a large number of COVID-19 patients are at risk of long COVID after recovery. The purpose of our research is to systematically review the existing clinical studies to understand the current prevalence and related risk factors of long COVID in COVID-19 patients in China.<br><br>METHODS: The protocol of this systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024519375). We searched six electronic databases from 1st January 2020-1st March 2024. Literature screening, data extraction, and risk bias assessment were independently carried out by two reviewers. Quality of the included studies was evaluated by AHRQ and NOS. The meta-analysis was performed by R software 4.2.3 to derive the prevalence of long COVID and risk factors.<br><br>RESULTS: Overall, 50 studies with 65880 participants were included. The results showed that the prevalence of long COVID (with at least one symptom) among the COVID-19 patients was approximately 50&#x202f;% (95&#x202f;%Confidence Interval (CI) 42-58&#x202f;%) in China. Although we conducted meta-regression and subgroup analysis, the heterogeneity of the study was high. But the Omicron BA.2 variant had a statistically significant effect on the prevalence of long COVID (P&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.0004). The three most common symptoms of long COVID were fatigue (0.33, 95&#x202f;%CI 0.28-0.39), cognitive decline (0.30, 95&#x202f;%CI 0.14-0.46) and shortness of breath (0.29, 95&#x202f;%CI 0.15-0.43). Patients with severe acute phase of COVID-19 (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.57, 95&#x202f;% CI 1.39-1.77), combined 2 comorbidities (OR 1.80, 95&#x202f;% CI 1.40-2.32), combined 3 comorbidities (OR 2.13, 95&#x202f;% CI 1.64-2.77), advanced age (OR 1.02, 95&#x202f;% CI 1.01-1.04), female (OR 1.58, 95&#x202f;% CI 1.44-1.73) were the risk factors for long COVID prevalence.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Current systematic review found that nearly half of COVID-19 patients may suffering from long COVID in China. Establishing a long COVID recovery-support platform and regular follow-up would help to long-term monitor and manage the patients, especially those high-risk population.}, }
@article {pmid39826358, year = {2025}, author = {Teimouri, H and Taheri, S and Saidabad, FE and Nakazato, G and Maghsoud, Y and Babaei, A}, title = {New insights into gold nanoparticles in virology: A review of their applications in the prevention, detection, and treatment of viral infections.}, journal = {Biomedicine &amp; pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine &amp; pharmacotherapie}, volume = {183}, number = {}, pages = {117844}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2025.117844}, pmid = {39826358}, issn = {1950-6007}, mesh = {Humans ; *Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; *Gold/chemistry/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; *Antiviral Agents/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; Animals ; *Virus Diseases/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control/drug therapy/therapy ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; }, abstract = {Viral infections have led to the deaths of millions worldwide and come with significant economic and social burdens. Emerging viral infections, as witnessed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can profoundly affect all aspects of human life, highlighting the imperative need to develop diagnostic, therapeutic, and effective control strategies in response. Numerous studies highlight the diverse applications of nanoparticles in diagnosing, controlling, preventing, and treating viral infections. Due to favorable and flexible physicochemical properties, small size, immunogenicity, biocompatibility, high surface-to-volume ratio, and the ability to combine with antiviral agents, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have shown great potential in the fight against viruses. The physical and chemical properties, the adjustability of characteristics based on the type of application, the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, the ability to infiltrate cells such as phagocytic and dendritic cells, and compatibility for complexing with various compounds, among other features, transform AuNPs into a suitable tool for combating and addressing pathogenic viral agents through multiple applications. In recent years, AuNPs have been employed in various applications to fight viral infections. However, a comprehensive review article on the applications of AuNPs against viral infections has yet to be available. Given their versatility, AuNPs present an appealing option to address various gaps in combating viral infections. Hence, this review explores the attributes, antiviral properties, contributions to drug delivery, vaccine development, and diagnostic uses of AuNPs.}, }
@article {pmid39826014, year = {2025}, author = {Satyam, SM and El-Tanani, M and Bairy, LK and Rehman, A and Srivastava, A and Kenneth, JM and Prem, SM}, title = {Unraveling Cardiovascular Risks and Benefits of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Cardiovascular toxicology}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, pages = {306-323}, pmid = {39826014}, issn = {1559-0259}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Risk Assessment ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Risk Factors ; Female ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {The rapid development and deployment of mRNA and non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have played a pivotal role in mitigating the global pandemic. Despite their success in reducing severe disease outcomes, emerging concerns about cardiovascular complications have raised questions regarding their safety. This systematic review critically evaluates the evidence on the cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 vaccines, assessing both their protective and adverse impacts, while considering the challenges posed by the limited availability of randomized controlled trial (RCT) data on these rare adverse events. In adherence to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we conducted a systematic review using the Scopus database, incorporating articles published from January 2020 to July 2024. Our search included terms related to COVID-19 vaccines and cardiovascular conditions. We selected relevant studies from case-control studies, cohort studies, and clinical trials, while excluding descriptive analyses, cross-sectional studies, and conference reports. Case reports were also included due to the limited availability of extensive RCT data on the rare cardiovascular adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines. Of the 6037 articles initially screened, 410 were assessed in detail and 175 studies were ultimately included. The review identified a variety of cardiovascular adverse effects associated with COVID-19 vaccines. mRNA vaccines were primarily linked to myocarditis and pericarditis, particularly in younger males, with lower cardiac risks compared to COVID-19 infection. Adenoviral vector vaccines were associated with thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. Inactivated vaccines had fewer severe cardiovascular reports but still presented risks. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was most commonly observed following mRNA vaccination. Case reports provided valuable additional insights into these rare events, highlighting clinical presentations and potential risk factors not fully captured by larger epidemiological studies. This review reveals a nuanced cardiovascular risk profile for COVID-19 vaccines, with mRNA vaccines linked to rare myocarditis and pericarditis in young males and a higher incidence of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in females. Adenoviral vaccines show a notable association with thrombosis. Despite these risks, the benefits of vaccination in preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes outweigh the potential complications, underscoring the importance of continued surveillance, case report documentation, and personalized risk assessment. The inclusion of case reports was critical, as they provided valuable real-world data that complemented the findings from large-scale studies and RCTs.}, }
@article {pmid39825252, year = {2025}, author = {Martins, ELC and Constantino, P and de Oliveira, GLA}, title = {The effectiveness of non-exposure to incarceration in preventing COVID-19 and mitigating associated events: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {206}, pmid = {39825252}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/mortality ; *Prisoners/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Adult ; Observational Studies as Topic ; Incarceration ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: For a long time, the penalty of imprisonment has been studied and criticized as ineffective in achieving the goals of resocialization and rehabilitation of offenders, and studies have associated incarceration with increased prevalence of disease. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization recommended decarceration as a prevention measure. The aim of this review was to analyze the effectiveness of non-exposure to incarceration in preventing COVID-19 and mitigating associated events.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies comparing the adult general population (GP) and incarcerated population (IP).<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 1,334 publications without duplicates and extracted data from 22 studies. We found that COVID-19 incidence was 61% lower in the GP (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.39 [0.34, 0.45], p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.0001). Non-exposure to incarceration was associated with lower age- and sex-adjusted mortality (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.36, [0.27, 0.49], p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.0001). We did not find standardized data on age-adjusted case fatality. The hospitalized GP was older and showed a higher rate of obesity than the hospitalized IP; however, no statistically significant differences were found between the populations for admission to intensive care (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0,91 [0.74, 1.13], p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.41) and hospital mortality (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.81 [0.54, 1.23], p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.32). Prevalence of the use of invasive mechanical ventilation was 23% lower in the GP (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.77 [0.70, 0.84, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.0001).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Non-exposure to incarceration can be a strategy for preventing the spread of COVID-19 and reduces COVID-19 mortality in younger populations. Despite differences in age distribution and presence of comorbidities among the hospitalized GP and IP, we did not find any statistically significant differences between the two populations across most of the hospital-related outcomes. These findings should be interpreted with caution because it was not possible to determine a cause-and-effect relationship between the COVID-19 outcomes and exposure to incarceration.<br><br>REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42023446610.}, }
@article {pmid39822898, year = {2024}, author = {Malamule, MM and Gundo, R and Mulaudzi, M}, title = {The effect of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination on pregnant women: A scoping review.}, journal = {Health SA = SA Gesondheid}, volume = {29}, number = {}, pages = {2577}, pmid = {39822898}, issn = {2071-9736}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Globally, reports have shown that pregnant women refuse to receive the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. This has posed a significant concern given the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>AIM: This study aims to explore the current evidence on the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on pregnant women.<br><br>METHOD: A scoping review was conducted using Levac et al.'s five-stage framework. Relevant articles were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost (CINAHL) databases. The identified articles were screened based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from the selected articles were charted and summarised into meaningful units.<br><br>RESULTS: Twelve articles from developed countries were included in the review. Studies have reported that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is generally safe and does not increase the risk of pregnancy complications. There was no significant difference in delivery outcomes between vaccinated and unvaccinated women. Neonatal outcomes were not affected by the vaccination. However, one study identified a potential risk of spontaneous abortion between 6 and 9 weeks of gestation among vaccinated women.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination is considered safe during pregnancy. While some studies have identified potential associations with certain conditions, the overall benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks. Continued monitoring of the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy is recommended. Pregnant women should consult healthcare providers to make informed decisions regarding vaccination.<br><br>CONTRIBUTION: The findings of this review may assist in alleviating anxiety and reducing vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women.}, }
@article {pmid39822340, year = {2024}, author = {Singhal, S and Gurjar, M and Duan, J and Notaro, S and Esquinas, AM}, title = {Hygrometry behavior during high-flow nasal oxygen therapy and non-invasive mechanical ventilation: A narrative review of bench to clinical studies.}, journal = {Journal of intensive medicine}, volume = {4}, number = {4}, pages = {433-441}, pmid = {39822340}, issn = {2667-100X}, abstract = {Recently, there has been growing interest in knowing the best hygrometry level during high-flow nasal oxygen and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and its potential influence on the outcome. Various studies have shown that breathing cold and dry air results in excessive water loss by nasal mucosa, reduced mucociliary clearance, increased airway resistance, reduced epithelial cell function, increased inflammation, sloughing of tracheal epithelium, and submucosal inflammation. With the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, using high-flow nasal oxygen with a heated humidifier has become an emerging form of non-invasive support among clinicians. However, we cannot always assume stable humidification. Similarly, there are no clear guidelines for using humidification during NIV, although humidification of inspired gas during invasive ventilation is an accepted standard of care. NIV disturbs the normal physiological system that warms and humidifies inspired gases. If NIV is supplied through an intensive care unit ventilator that utilizes anhydrous gases from compressed wall air and oxygen, the risk of dryness increases. In addition, patients with acute respiratory failure tend to breathe through the mouth during NIV, which is a less efficient route than nasal breathing for adding heat and moisture to the inspired gas. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is one of the most important indications for chronic use of NIV at home. Available data suggest that up to 60% of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome who use continuous positive airway pressure therapy experience nasal congestion and dryness of the mouth and nose. Therefore, humidifying the inspired gas in NIV may be essential for patient comfort and compliance with treatment. We aimed to review the available bench and clinical studies that addressed the utility of hygrometry in NIV and nasal high-flow oxygen and discuss the technical limitations of different humidification systems for both systems.}, }
@article {pmid39821581, year = {2025}, author = {Xu, X and Juratli, JH and Landis, BN and Hummel, T}, title = {Parosmia: Pathophysiology and Management.}, journal = {Current allergy and asthma reports}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {10}, pmid = {39821581}, issn = {1534-6315}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/physiopathology ; *Olfaction Disorders/physiopathology/therapy/etiology/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell/physiology ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Parosmia is a qualitative olfactory disorder in which there is a mismatch between the memory of an odor and the actual experience triggered by an odor. There has been a surge in parosmia-related publications since the COVID-19 pandemic. This review summarizes the latest clinical findings, theories on pathophysiology and potential treatment options.<br><br>RECENT ADVANCES: Potential models of parosmia include peripheral or central hypotheses, which refer to aberrancies in olfactory neuron regeneration or information processing in central olfactory centers respectively. This leads to an incomplete or disorganized pattern of olfactory information relay. Studies using gas chromatography and functional magnetic resonance imaging have identified molecular triggers and intracranial functional connectivity patterns in parosmia respectively. Parosmia tends to occur in a delayed fashion after virus-induced anosmia. It may run a protracted course, but typically improves over time. Currently there are no generally approved, objective ways to ascertain the presence and measure the extent of parosmia. Evidence-based treatment for parosmia remains elusive. In some people, this can lead to health and quality of life issues.}, }
@article {pmid39821472, year = {2025}, author = {Yamamoto, H and Shirasawa, M and Naoki, K}, title = {Analysis of lung cancer incidence, mortality trends, and smoking rates in Japan:1975-2022 with insights on the impact of COVID-19.}, journal = {International journal of clinical oncology}, volume = {30}, number = {2}, pages = {199-209}, pmid = {39821472}, issn = {1437-7772}, mesh = {Humans ; Japan/epidemiology ; *Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/mortality ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; Incidence ; Female ; Male ; *Smoking/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Registries ; United States/epidemiology ; Mortality/trends ; Adult ; }, abstract = {In Japan, high-quality cancer statistics are collected through cancer registries. However, these data are rarely summarized or reported in research articles. We compiled statistical data on lung cancer in Japan including the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2019, the number of cases of lung cancer in Japan was 126,548. The age-adjusted incidence rate of lung cancer increased from 23.2/100,000 to 42.4/100,000 in males and from 7.2/100,000 to 18.3/100,000 in females between 1975 and 2019. The age-adjusted mortality rate of lung cancer in Japan increased since 2000, after which it decreased. This trend was similar in both males and females. We also investigated statistics on lung cancer worldwide (Australia, Sweden, England, and the United States [USA]). The age-adjusted incidence rate of lung cancer in the data standardized to the world population for males has increased only in Japan; for females, it has decreased only in the USA. Global age-adjusted lung cancer mortality rates have been declining in all countries. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has not affected the age-adjusted mortality rate of lung cancer. On the other hand, the number of individuals undergoing lung cancer screening in Japan decreased from 7.92 million in 2019 to 6.59 million in 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic may have affected individuals undergoing lung cancer screening, and its impact on lung cancer needs to be continuously monitored in the future.}, }
@article {pmid39821440, year = {2025}, author = {Wu, CJ and Chen, SM and Ramis, MA}, title = {Educational Challenges for Post-Graduate Nursing Students Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Nursing &amp; health sciences}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, pages = {e70032}, pmid = {39821440}, issn = {1442-2018}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Students, Nursing/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Education, Nursing, Graduate/methods ; Education, Distance ; Pandemics ; Curriculum/trends ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic had immediate impact on nursing students enrolled in postgraduate and post-registration nursing courses. Some students were required to undertake additional clinical hours and place their studies on hold, while others had clinical experiences and face-to-face classes suspended, with online learning modes quickly mobilized. While there have been many reports on the impact and experience of these changes on undergraduate students, limited reports have focused on challenges for nursing students who were registered for practice following completion of their undergraduate studies, and were enrolled in higher degree, postgraduate education programs. A scoping review was conducted to examine the literature reporting on education changes and challenges that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, with specific focus on the postgraduate student learning experience. The review followed reporting guidance by PRISMA-ScR and was underpinned by JBI methods. Seven databases were searched for relevant citations, published in any language, between 2019 and 2022. A protocol was registered on Open Science Framework. From 4207 citations retrieved, 14 studies were included focusing specifically on postgraduate student experiences and/or impact following curriculum changes from the pandemic. These studies included 2476 graduate students across various courses. Findings included mixed responses to e-learning and changes in clinical environments, and with additional concerns such as financial stress, mental health needs and basic food needs reported. Inequity in resources and training was also highlighted. The few studies found to focus specifically on this cohort is a notable finding and highlights a need for further research specific to post-graduate nursing students' educational needs.}, }
@article {pmid39820070, year = {2025}, author = {Stegeman, SK and Kourko, O and Amsden, H and Pellizzari Delano, IE and Mamatis, JE and Roth, M and Colpitts, CC and Gee, K}, title = {RNA Viruses, Toll-Like Receptors, and Cytokines: The Perfect Storm?.}, journal = {Journal of innate immunity}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {126-153}, pmid = {39820070}, issn = {1662-8128}, mesh = {Humans ; *Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate ; *Cytokines/metabolism/immunology ; *RNA Viruses/immunology ; Animals ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; *RNA Virus Infections/immunology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The interactions between viruses and the host immune response are nuanced and intricate. The cytokine response arguably plays a central role in dictating the outcome of virus infection, balancing inflammation, and healing, which is crucial to resolving infection without destructive immunopathologies.<br><br>SUMMARY: Early innate immune responses are key to the generation of a beneficial or detrimental immune response. These initial responses are regulated by a plethora of surface bound, endosomal, and cytoplasmic innate immune receptors known as pattern recognition receptors. Of these, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the induction of cytokines during virus infection. Recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as viral proteins and/or nucleotide sequences, the TLRs act as sentinels for the initiation and propagation of immune responses.<br><br>KEY MESSAGES: TLRs are important receptors for initiating the innate response to single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses like influenza A virus (IAV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1), SARS-CoV-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, dengue virus, and Ebola virus. Infection with these viruses is also associated with aberrant expression of proinflammatory cytokines that contribute to a harmful cytokine storm response. Herein we discuss the connections between these ssRNA viruses, cytokine storm, and the roles of TLRs.<br><br>BACKGROUND: The interactions between viruses and the host immune response are nuanced and intricate. The cytokine response arguably plays a central role in dictating the outcome of virus infection, balancing inflammation, and healing, which is crucial to resolving infection without destructive immunopathologies.<br><br>SUMMARY: Early innate immune responses are key to the generation of a beneficial or detrimental immune response. These initial responses are regulated by a plethora of surface bound, endosomal, and cytoplasmic innate immune receptors known as pattern recognition receptors. Of these, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the induction of cytokines during virus infection. Recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as viral proteins and/or nucleotide sequences, the TLRs act as sentinels for the initiation and propagation of immune responses.<br><br>KEY MESSAGES: TLRs are important receptors for initiating the innate response to single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses like influenza A virus (IAV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1), SARS-CoV-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, dengue virus, and Ebola virus. Infection with these viruses is also associated with aberrant expression of proinflammatory cytokines that contribute to a harmful cytokine storm response. Herein we discuss the connections between these ssRNA viruses, cytokine storm, and the roles of TLRs.}, }
@article {pmid39820033, year = {2025}, author = {Kuo, LT and Tsai, SL and Dave, U and Marmor, WA and Olsen, R and Jivanelli, B and Kew, ME and Ling, DI}, title = {Exploring mental health symptoms in elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis on sex differences.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {e0314996}, pmid = {39820033}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Athletes/psychology ; Female ; Male ; *Mental Health ; Anxiety/epidemiology/psychology ; Depression/epidemiology/psychology ; Sex Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected elite athletes, leading to increased mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Sex differences in mental health may exist among athletes during the COVID-19 crisis. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine sex differences in mental health symptoms among elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. We systematically searched the databases including Pubmed, EMBASE, and manually checked previous systematic reviews for relevant studies in March 2024. Authors were also contacted for sex-specific data. Studies were included if they compared mental health symptoms between male and female elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used a random-effects model to summarize the rate ratio (RR) between female and male athletes across studies. Risk of bias in studies was assessed using a 9-item tool. We included 18 studies in this review. The results indicated that female athletes reported higher levels of anxiety (RR 1.24, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.43) and depression (RR 1.36, 95% CI = 1.15 to 1.61) than male athletes during the pandemic. They also had a higher risk of stress or distress (RR 1.27, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.63) than their male counterparts. No significant differences were found regarding alcohol use or misuse between female and male athletes (RR 1.01, 95% CI = 0.75 to 1.37). Limited evidence was available for eating disorders, gambling, substance use, and sleep problems. In conclusion, female and male athletes differed in mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Female athletes were more likely to report anxiety, depression, and distress. Incorporating mental health resources may be particularly important for women's sports, which have smaller financial margins and greater career uncertainty than men's sports.}, }
@article {pmid39820003, year = {2025}, author = {Andrade, A and Bastos, ACRF and D'Oliveira, A and Vilarino, GT}, title = {Association between physical activity practice and sleep quality of older people in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and Health Guidelines and future studies for the post-COVID period: a systematic review.}, journal = {Aging}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {51-66}, pmid = {39820003}, issn = {1945-4589}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; *Social Isolation/psychology ; *Exercise/physiology ; Aged ; Pandemics ; *Sleep Quality ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Sleep ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: Physical activity (PA) is considered an alternative to mitigate the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sleep of older adults. The objective was to verify the association between physical activity and the sleep quality of older people in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, to analyze the Health Guidelines, and suggest future studies for the post-COVID period.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review followed PRISMA recommendations, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42023406471). The search for articles occurred in April 2024 in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and gray literature. Data were extracted and checked in a Microsoft Excel[&#xae;] spreadsheet. The quality assessment was performed using tools from the National Institutes of Health.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 1582 studies were found in the databases, of which nine were included in the analyses. Four studies reported a negative association of reduced levels of PA during the pandemic with sleep quality, while one study showed a positive association of PA with sleep quality. Four studies demonstrated no association.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: PA was associated with the sleep quality of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and reduced levels of PA during this period demonstrated a negative association with sleep quality. Practice of PA is recommended for this post-COVID scenario, as a measure to reduce social isolation and its negative effects and improve the quality of sleep in older adults.}, }
@article {pmid39818508, year = {2025}, author = {Menezes, A and Razafimahatratra, SL and Wariri, O and Graham, AL and Metcalf, CJE}, title = {Strengthening serological studies: the need for greater geographical diversity, biobanking, and data-accessibility.}, journal = {Trends in microbiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2024.12.006}, pmid = {39818508}, issn = {1878-4380}, abstract = {Serological studies uniquely strengthen infectious disease surveillance, expanding prevalence estimates to encompass asymptomatic infections, and revealing the otherwise inapparent landscape of immunity, including who is and is not susceptible to infection. They are thus a powerful complement to often incomplete epidemiological and public health measures (administrative measures of vaccination coverage, incidence estimates, etc.). The recent surge in the deployment of serological surveys globally (in part due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic), alongside the development of new assays and new inference methods, means that the time is ripe to interrogate areas to strengthen future serosurveillance efforts. We identify three themes warranting attention: first, expanding the geographical diversity of these studies; second, investing globally in infrastructure for storage of blood samples (biobanking), opening the way to future analyses; and third, establishing protocols to increase data accessibility and to facilitate data usage for current and future studies. We conclude that strengthening serological studies is necessary and achievable through thoughtful sampling design, wide-scale sample storage, and thorough reporting practices.}, }
@article {pmid39818145, year = {2025}, author = {Li, T and Katz, A and Osei-Twum, JA and James, L and Leung, V and Bozek, P and Persaud, N and O'Campo, P and Siegel, JA}, title = {Science tells us that portable air filters reduce infection risk. It's time for public health authorities to make this clear.}, journal = {Journal of infection and public health}, volume = {18}, number = {3}, pages = {102650}, doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102650}, pmid = {39818145}, issn = {1876-035X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/transmission ; *Air Filters ; Canada/epidemiology ; *Public Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Infection Control/methods/instrumentation ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Canadian public health advisors and politicians have shared mixed messages about the utility of portable air filters (PAFs) for mitigating the transmission of airborne infectious diseases. Some public health advisors and decision-makers have also suggested that PAFs are cumbersome or require expert advice. We take this opportunity to review evidence and address myths about PAFs. In short, PAFs are an important tool to help reduce the risk of transmission of airborne infectious diseases. Moreover, PAFs are relatively simple to use, and there is a variety of high-quality guidance available for their deployment. We share this science here with the expectation that, going forward, public health authorities will position PAFs appropriately in infection prevention and control plans for both health care and community settings.}, }
@article {pmid39817917, year = {2025}, author = {Bachelet, VC and Carroza, B and Morgado, B and Silva-Ayarza, I}, title = {A systematic analysis of the literature on the post-COVID-19 condition in Latin America focusing on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk of bias.}, journal = {Medwave}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {e3014}, doi = {10.5867/medwave.2025.01.3014}, pmid = {39817917}, issn = {0717-6384}, mesh = {Humans ; Latin America/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; Caribbean Region/epidemiology ; Bias ; Intensive Care Units ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; }, abstract = {This analysis article aimed to identify and analyze all articles published on the post-COVID-19 condition in Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk of bias. We did a systematic survey of the literature with broad inclusion criteria. The only exclusion criteria were articles referring to post-acute COVID-19 sequelae after an intensive care unit stay, which we distinguish from the post-COVID-19 condition. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Epistemonikos. We included 55 records, of which 48 were original articles (44 were observational research, 29 of which had a comparison group; and four reviews). Various definitions for long COVID were reported, or none, and few used the World Health Organization criteria. None of the included studies reported prevalence rates for the region. We extracted the reported signs and symptoms of long COVID for our region. Using the Johanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools for observational analytic research, we found that most included studies were prone to limitations and biases. We conclude that more research should be done on the post-COVID-19 condition in Latin America and the Caribbean, using rigorous study designs to inform public health strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39816751, year = {2025}, author = {Hu, WH and Sun, HM and Wei, YY and Hao, YT}, title = {Global infectious disease early warning models: An updated review and lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Infectious Disease Modelling}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {410-422}, pmid = {39816751}, issn = {2468-0427}, abstract = {An early warning model for infectious diseases is a crucial tool for timely monitoring, prevention, and control of disease outbreaks. The integration of diverse multi-source data using big data and artificial intelligence techniques has emerged as a key approach in advancing these early warning models. This paper presents a comprehensive review of widely utilized early warning models for infectious diseases around the globe. Unlike previous review studies, this review encompasses newly developed approaches such as the combined model and Hawkes model after the COVID-19 pandemic, providing a thorough evaluation of their current application status and development prospects for the first time. These models not only rely on conventional surveillance data but also incorporate information from various sources. We aim to provide valuable insights for enhancing global infectious disease surveillance and early warning systems, as well as informing future research in this field, by summarizing the underlying modeling concepts, algorithms, and application scenarios of each model.}, }
@article {pmid39816696, year = {2025}, author = {Rattadilok, C and Poprom, N and Niyomnaitham, V and Phadhana-Anake, O and Ruamjaroenchai, J and Saigosoom, N and Papathe, W and Thuranutch, S and Chanwet, A}, title = {The succession of One Day Surgery with Breast Cancer Home Recovery Program by the National Cancer Institute (ODS BHR NCI) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand.}, journal = {Surgery open science}, volume = {23}, number = {}, pages = {1-8}, pmid = {39816696}, issn = {2589-8450}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. In response to the need to hospital stays and minimize waiting time for surgery, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, the National Cancer Institute developed the One Day Surgery with Breast cancer Home Recovery program (ODS BHR NCI). The aim of study is to assess the success rate of breast cancer surgeries conducted through this program and to evaluate the incidence of complications.<br><br>METHOD: The cohort study includes all breast cancer patients who underwent surgery through the ODS BHR NCI program between August 2021 to November 2023. Eligible participants were under 70&#xa0;years of age. The patients received comprehensive care and education from a multidisciplinary team, adhering to the program's guidelines. Their postoperative outcomes were monitored on the 1[st], 3[rd], and 5[th] days following discharge.<br><br>RESULT: A total of 206 patients participated in the ODS BHR NCI program during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand. The mean age and BMI were 54.21&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;9.74&#xa0;years and 24.18&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;4.02, respectively. The success rate was 99.02&#xa0;%, with only one case involving a serious complication. Minor complications were reported in 20 cases, including anesthesia-related issues and minor surgical complications. Notably, no patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 following their surgery.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Breast cancer surgeries performed under the ODS BHR NCI program achieved a high success rate. The development of pre-, intra-, and post-operative care protocols, alongside comprehensive patient education, has potential to reduce complications and provide an effective model for extending systemic care to a wider range of patients.}, }
@article {pmid39816617, year = {2025}, author = {Kiran, NS and Singh, S and Yashaswini, C and Prajapati, BG}, title = {Revisiting the potential of natural antimicrobial peptides against emerging respiratory viral disease: a review.}, journal = {3 Biotech}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {40}, pmid = {39816617}, issn = {2190-572X}, abstract = {This review assesses the antiviral capabilities of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, focussing on their therapeutic potential. AMPs, derived from natural sources, exhibit promising antiviral properties by disrupting viral membranes, inhibiting viral entry, and modulating host immune responses. Preclinical studies demonstrate that peptides such as defensins, cathelicidins, and lactoferrin can effectively reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication and inhibit viral spread. In addition, AMPs have shown potential in enhancing the host's antiviral immunity. Despite these promising outcomes, several challenges require assessments before transforming into clinical translation. Several issues related to peptide stability, cytotoxicity, and efficient delivery systems pose significant limitations to their therapeutic application. Recent advancements in peptide engineering, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, and peptide conjugation strategies have improved AMPs stability and bioavailability; however, further optimization is essential. Moreover, whilst AMPs are safe, their effects on host cells and tissues need a thorough investigation to minimise potential adverse reactions. This review concludes that whilst AMPs present a promising route for antiviral therapies, particularly in targeting SARS-CoV-2, extensive clinical trials and additional studies are required to overcome current limitations. Future research should focus on developing more stable, less toxic AMPs formulations with enhanced delivery mechanisms, aiming to integrate AMPs into viable therapeutic options for respiratory viral diseases, including COVID-19 and other emerging infections.}, }
@article {pmid39816364, year = {2024}, author = {Meira, DD and Zetum, ASS and Casotti, MC and Campos da Silva, DR and de Araújo, BC and Vicente, CR and Duque, DA and Campanharo, BP and Garcia, FM and Campanharo, CV and Aguiar, CC and Lapa, CA and Alvarenga, FDS and Rosa, HP and Merigueti, LP and Sant'Ana, MC and Koh, CWT and Braga, RFR and Cruz, RGCD and Salazar, RE and Ventorim, VDP and Santana, GM and Louro, TES and Louro, LS and Errera, FIV and Paula, F and Altoé, LSC and Alves, LNR and Trabach, RSDR and Santos, EVWD and Carvalho, EF and Chan, KR and Louro, ID}, title = {Bioinformatics and molecular biology tools for diagnosis, prevention, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {10}, number = {14}, pages = {e34393}, pmid = {39816364}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {Since December 2019, a new form of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) has emerged worldwide, caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This disease was called COVID-19 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Symptoms can vary from a common cold to severe pneumonia, hypoxemia, respiratory distress, and death. During this period of world stress, the medical and scientific community were able to acquire information and generate scientific data at unprecedented speed, to better understand the disease and facilitate vaccines and therapeutics development. Notably, bioinformatics tools were instrumental in decoding the viral genome and identifying critical targets for COVID-19 diagnosis and therapeutics. Through the integration of omics data, bioinformatics has also improved our understanding of disease pathogenesis and virus-host interactions, facilitating the development of targeted treatments and vaccines. Furthermore, molecular biology techniques have accelerated the design of sensitive diagnostic tests and the characterization of immune responses, paving the way for precision medicine approaches in treating COVID-19. Our analysis highlights the indispensable contributions of bioinformatics and molecular biology to the global effort against COVID-19. In this review, we aim to revise the COVID-19 features, diagnostic, prevention, treatment options, and how molecular biology, modern bioinformatic tools, and collaborations have helped combat this pandemic. An integrative literature review was performed, searching articles on several sites, including PUBMED and Google Scholar indexed in referenced databases, prioritizing articles from the last 3 years. The lessons learned from this COVID-19 pandemic will place the world in a much better position to respond to future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid39816106, year = {2024}, author = {Arisanti, RR and Saputri, GN and Ahmad, RA and Utarini, A}, title = {Impacts of COVID-19 on malaria elimination strategies in Asia: A scoping review.}, journal = {Narra J}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {e1492}, pmid = {39816106}, issn = {2807-2618}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Malaria/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Asia/epidemiology ; *Disease Eradication ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The global malaria program has faced setbacks due to disruptions in health services caused by COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these challenges, Asia that primarily comprised of low and middle-income countries (LMICs), continues to make strides towards malaria elimination. This scoping review explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria control programs in Asian countries with varying levels of malaria endemicity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was applied to search for articles published between January 2020 and May 2024 that examined the impact of COVID-19 on malaria control programs in Asia on six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, WHO COVID-19 Research Database, Garuda and Sinta). The findings of these articles were organized into five themes: epidemiology and surveillance, case management (including diagnosis and coinfection), vector control, prevention, and program management. Overall, 54 articles from countries with various endemicity levels were included. These studies focused on malaria epidemiology, surveillance, and case management, with few studies on vector control. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected malaria control differently in different regions. In malaria-free, low-, and high-endemic countries, malaria cases were reduced mainly due to strict public health measures such as travel restrictions, quarantines, and COVID-19-related stigma, which reduced clinic attendance. Conversely, increased malaria cases owing to increased imports, relapses of malaria cases triggered by COVID-19, social conflicts, and underreporting have contributed to this surge. The priority shift to COVID-19 has affected malaria centers, resulting in personnel shortages, budget limits, and an increased number of malaria cases and outbreaks. The pandemic has also spurred innovative malaria prevention methods, such as using social media to raise awareness in China. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a mixed impact on the number of malarial cases reported across Asia. The three main factors were travel restrictions, COVID-19-related stigma, and shifting priorities to COVID-19. Integrating malaria control and COVID-19 strategies, strengthening the healthcare system, developing flexible malaria control strategies during crises, and developing innovative solutions could mitigate these impacts.}, }
@article {pmid39816082, year = {2024}, author = {Fajar, JK and Tamara, F and Putranto, W and Prabowo, NA and Harapan, H}, title = {Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and their implications for susceptibility and severity of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Narra J}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, pages = {e727}, pmid = {39816082}, issn = {2807-2618}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/genetics ; *Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; *INDEL Mutation ; }, abstract = {The insertion or deletion polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE I/D) have been the subject of significant research related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite this, the findings have remained uncertain and debatable. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between the ACE I/D polymorphisms and the susceptibility as well as the severity of COVID-19. A meta-analysis study (PROSPERO: CRD42022384562) was conducted by searching the articles published on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase as of May 15, 2023. Information regarding the impact of ACE I/D variant on the susceptibility to COVID-19 and its severity was collected and analyzed utilizing the Mantel-Haenszel method with a random effects model or fixed effects model, depending on the presence or absence of heterogeneity. Out of 3,335 articles, 21 articles were included, of which 13 investigated the association between ACE I/D and the risk of COVID-19 infection and 18 of them examined its influence on disease severity. The D allele of ACE increased risk of COVID-19 infection (OR: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.08-1.85; p-Egger: 0.0676; p-Heterogeneity: <0.001; p=0.0120), while ACE I allele (OR: 0.71; 95%CI: 0.54-0.93; p-Egger: 0.0676; p-Heterogeneity: <0.001; p=0.012) and II genotype (OR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.34-0.87; p-Egger: 0.200; p-Heterogeneity: <0.001; p=0.011) decreased the risk of infection. Additionally, there was a notable association between the ACE ID genotype and an elevated likelihood of experiencing severe COVID-19 within the Asian population (OR: 1.46; 95%CI: 1.15-1.84; p-Egger: 0.092; p-Heterogeneity: 0.116; p=0.002). The presence of ACE I/D polymorphisms significantly influences the likelihood of being susceptible to and experiencing the severity of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39815775, year = {2025}, author = {Amolegbe, SM and Johnston, NC and Ambrosi, A and Ganguly, A and Howcroft, TK and Kuo, LS and Labosky, PA and Rudnicki, DD and Satterlee, JS and Tagle, DA and Happel, C}, title = {Extracellular RNA communication: A decade of NIH common fund support illuminates exRNA biology.}, journal = {Journal of extracellular vesicles}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {e70016}, pmid = {39815775}, issn = {2001-3078}, mesh = {Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; *Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism/genetics ; *RNA/metabolism ; *Cell Communication ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The discovery that extracellular RNAs (exRNA) can act as endocrine signalling molecules established a novel paradigm in intercellular communication. ExRNAs can be transported, both locally and systemically in virtually all body fluids. In association with an array of carrier vehicles of varying complexity, exRNA can alter target cell phenotype. This highlights the important role secreted exRNAs have in regulating human health and disease. The NIH Common Fund exRNA Communication program was established in 2012 to accelerate and catalyze progress in the exRNA biology field. The program addressed both exRNA and exRNA carriers, and served to generate foundational knowledge for the field from basic exRNA biology to future potential clinical applications as biomarkers and therapeutics. To address scientific challenges, the exRNA Communication program developed novel tools and technologies to isolate exRNA carriers and analyze their cargo. Here, we discuss the outcomes of the NIH Common Fund exRNA Communication program, as well as the evolution of exRNA as a scientific field through the analysis of scientific publications and NIH funding. ExRNA and associated carriers have potential clinical use as biomarkers, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Recent translational applications include exRNA-related technologies repurposed as novel diagnostics in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical use of extracellular vesicle-based biomarker assays, and exRNA carriers as drug delivery platforms. This comprehensive landscape analysis illustrates how discoveries and innovations in exRNA biology are being translated both into the commercial market and the clinic. Analysis of program outcomes and NIH funding trends demonstrate the impact of this NIH Common Fund program.}, }
@article {pmid39814621, year = {2025}, author = {Martins, RHG and de Azevedo, ES and Müller, JVC and Loli, A}, title = {Dysphonia and COVID-19: A Review.}, journal = {Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.11.034}, pmid = {39814621}, issn = {1873-4588}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Vocal symptoms are frequent in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and may occur during or after infection.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To conduct a descriptive review on the topic "dysphonia and COVID-19" in order to alert specialists to these symptoms associated with the virus and sequelae.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: A literature review was carried out in the main databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, between April 2020 and April 2024 using descriptors that related COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) to voice disorders.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 41 studies, 13 case reports, 6 retrospective,&#xa0;and&#xa0;22 prospective, 5139 patients (2131&#xa0;M,&#xa0;2991&#xa0;F), mean age of 51 years. The&#xa0;prevalence of dysphonia ranged from 0.39% to 79%. The most prevalent vocal symptoms were&#xa0;hoarseness, cough, dry throat, sore throat, reflux, aphonia, phonasthenia, stridor, and hypersecretion. Videolaryngoscopic findings: unilateral paralysis (145), bilateral paralysis (16), erythema (84), benign lesions (56), muscle tension dysphonia (54), granulomas (33), edema (31), stenosis (22), atrophy (19), incomplete glottal closure (12), and ventricular hypertrophy (6). Auditory-perceptual analyses identified mild/moderate vocal impairment in infected patients and persistence of changes in the long-COVID period. Acoustic analyses indicated significant changes in Jitter, Shimmer, harmonic-to-noise ratio (NHR), and maximum phonation time in patients with COVID-19.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Dysphonia caused by COVID-19 infection is common, both in the acute and chronic phases of the disease. The main causes include vocal fold paralysis, inflammatory laryngitis, and muscle tension dysphonia. All patients who present vocal symptoms after COVID-19 infection should undergo videolaryngoscopy and subjective and acoustic vocal analyses to identify sequelae of the disease.}, }
@article {pmid39814353, year = {2025}, author = {Patel, SH and Joseph, JJ and Gandhi, TR and Mehta, A and Shah, A}, title = {A Review of Emerging Evidence and Clinical Applications of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy.}, journal = {Journal of intensive care medicine}, volume = {40}, number = {3}, pages = {341-351}, doi = {10.1177/08850666241313136}, pmid = {39814353}, issn = {1525-1489}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hyperbaric Oxygenation/methods ; *COVID-19/therapy ; Oxidative Stress ; Hypoxia/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Inflammation/therapy ; }, abstract = {Background: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) is a medical treatment that involves administering 100% oxygen at increased atmospheric pressure to enhance oxygen delivery to tissues. Initially developed for decompression sickness, HBOT has since been utilized for a wide range of medical conditions, including severe infections, non-healing wounds, and, more recently, COVID-19. Objective: This review explores the historical development of HBOT, its principles, its emerging role in the management of and its outcome as treatment in COVID-19, particularly in mitigating inflammation, hypoxemia, and oxidative stress. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, analyzing case reports and case series that examined the effectiveness of HBOT in various clinical scenarios, with a focus on COVID-19. Results: HBOT has been shown to enhance tissue oxygenation, reduce inflammation, and modulate oxidative stress, thereby improving clinical outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19. The therapy's ability to increase dissolved oxygen levels in blood and tissues, independent of hemoglobin, makes it particularly beneficial in conditions like COVID-19, where hypoxemia and inflammation are prominent. Conclusion: HBOT offers a promising adjunctive treatment for severe COVID-19, with the potential to reduce mortality and improve recovery by targeting key pathophysiological processes such as hypoxemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Further research is warranted to optimize treatment protocols and confirm long-term benefits.}, }
@article {pmid39813974, year = {2025}, author = {de Oliveira, PMN and Hartmann, K and Bhamare, C and Lucchesi, MBB and , }, title = {Active vaccine safety surveillance in low- and middle-income countries: Challenges for vaccine manufacturers from emerging countries.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {48}, number = {}, pages = {126727}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126727}, pmid = {39813974}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {Humans ; Developing Countries ; Pharmacovigilance ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Vaccines/adverse effects ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Drug Industry ; World Health Organization ; *Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturers Network (DCVMN) is an alliance of vaccine developers, manufacturers, and marketing authorization holders (MAHs) from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that plays a vital role in ensuring equitable, inclusive, accountable, and timely access to affordable, high-quality vaccines in these countries. Besides research and development, this network promotes manufacturing and global supply chains for effective strengthening of regulatory and pharmacovigilance activities. Traditionally, vaccine safety surveillance systems in LMICs rely on spontaneous reporting. However, especially in resource-limited settings, robust passive surveillance is lacking, and active vaccine safety surveillance (AVSS) can complement passive surveillance by actively collecting adverse events at sentinel sites or via formally designed observational (non-interventional) studies. The rapid introduction of novel vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic with rather limited safety information at deployment accelerated the need for comprehensive AVSS in LMICs to detect potential safety concerns that may not have been identified in pre-licensure trials. In this context, national regulatory agencies (NRAs) and the World Health Organization (WHO) prequalification team requested risk management plans (RMPs) in line with Pharmacovigilance Planning guideline. The submitted RMPs contained the companies' commitments to pharmacovigilance activities encompassing both post-approval routine surveillance (passive) and additional active surveillance activities. These AVSS activities were either committed voluntarily by the manufacturers/MAHs or imposed by the NRA/WHO prequalification in case of important identified or potential risks, or important missing information. Unlike passive surveillance, AVSS relies on various epidemiological methodologies that require resources and expertise. DCVMN initiated a "learn-by-doing" project to support manufacturers/MAHs in performing AVSS. This project focused on improving the understanding of AVSS and its tools, investigated the support needs, opportunities, challenges, and barriers to performing AVSS activities in LMICs, and proposed solutions that could be used to mitigate the main challenges in performing AVSS activities in these countries.}, }
@article {pmid39813515, year = {2025}, author = {Tito, RS and Baptista, PCP and Lourenção, DCA and Rached, CDA and Melo, JPT and Silva Junior, EJD and Zogheib, CMT}, title = {Evidence of organizational support in hospitals in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: scoping review.}, journal = {Revista gaucha de enfermagem}, volume = {45}, number = {}, pages = {e20240008}, doi = {10.1590/1983-1447.2024.20240008.en}, pmid = {39813515}, issn = {1983-1447}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Pandemics ; *Personnel, Hospital/psychology ; Leadership ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To map evidence of organizational support for healthcare professionals who worked in hospitals during the pandemic.<br><br>METHOD: This is a scoping review, based on the framework established by Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA-ScR protocol, registered in the Open Science Framework, under DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/2P7B4. Materials that presented evidence of organizational support measures offered to hospital healthcare professionals in the context of the pandemic were included. The databases CINAHL (Ebsco), EMBASE (Elsevier), LILACS (VHL), PubMed (NLM/NCBI), Science Direct (Elsevier), Academic Search Premier (Ebsco), PSYCiNFO (APA), SCOPUS (Elsevier), in addition to official websites of leading healthcare institutions with publications on the topic.<br><br>RESULTS: After pre-selection of 716 materials, 60 studies were included; whose results addressed the topics: financial support, in-service education, material resources and physical structure, psychological support, the role of leadership, and other institutional support measures.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The pandemic scenario brought advances in relation to organizational support measures adopted in hospital institutions, highlighting the importance of investments in workplace support policies, not only during the pandemic period. Such actions can positively contribute to the provision of safe care for workers and patients.}, }
@article {pmid39812953, year = {2025}, author = {Hatch, MA and Ertl, M and Closs, D and Keeshin, S and Feinberg, J and Orozco, K and Tross, S}, title = {HIV Prevention in Syringe Service Programs Since the Start of COVID-19: Where Do We Go From Here?.}, journal = {Current HIV/AIDS reports}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {13}, pmid = {39812953}, issn = {1548-3576}, support = {UG1DA013714//National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network/ ; UG1DA049436//National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network/ ; UG1DA013035//National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network/ ; R25-DA050687-01A1//NIDA and NIAAA/ ; 2344//Gilead FOCUS partnership/ ; R01DA054703/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *HIV Infections/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Needle-Exchange Programs ; *Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Harm Reduction ; *Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: This narrative review addresses post-2020, specific, complex challenges for use of and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention among out-of-treatment people who use drugs (PWUD) at syringe services programs (SSPs).<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated changes to the provision of healthcare have significantly impacted HIV prevention, especially for PWUD. Through a synthesis of literature and clinical experience, we (1) characterize the operational changes imposed by the pandemic on SSPs that shaped the current HIV prevention landscape; (2) describe three levels of current challenges for PWUD, including consumer attitudes, non-medical and medical provider attitudes, and structural and scalability barriers; (3) characterize current models for PrEP in SSPs; and (4) offer practical recommendations for HIV prevention in harm reduction programs. PrEP is a highly effective prevention tool if taken as prescribed. It has been enthusiastically promoted by members of the research, public health and provider communities. Despite its efficacy, PWUD struggle to engage with the PrEP care continuum. We highlight opportunities to advance HIV prevention for PWUD by enhancing tailored, whole-person approaches that may set aside PrEP in favor of other risk reduction routes. For most PWUD who receive services at SSPs, PrEP is a single tool and not realistic until other social and structural determinants of health are addressed.}, }
@article {pmid39812100, year = {2024}, author = {Stavropoulos, A and Filippou, D}, title = {New-onset refractory status epilepticus after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review of literature.}, journal = {Croatian medical journal}, volume = {65}, number = {6}, pages = {510-517}, pmid = {39812100}, issn = {1332-8166}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Status Epilepticus/etiology/virology/diagnosis/drug therapy/therapy/physiopathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the respiratory system, neurological symptoms were reported both during acute and post-acute COVID-19. Notably, patients with no history of epilepsy or other neurological conditions developed new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) weeks, months, or even up to a year following the viral infection. While NORSE is uncommon, it carries a high mortality rate and can result in permanent epilepsy. Therefore, clinicians should consider the possibility of death or epilepsy development when treating individuals with NORSE who have recently contracted SARS-CoV-2. This article compiles comprehensive information on the mechanisms of epileptogenesis linked to SARS-CoV-2, the diagnosis of NORSE syndrome, its treatment options, and associated outcomes. Our aim was to enhance physicians' understanding of the virus's pathogenesis and increase the awareness of NORSE.}, }
@article {pmid39810237, year = {2025}, author = {Naga, NG and Nawar, EA and Mobarak, AA and Faramawy, AG and Al-Kordy, HMH}, title = {Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications - a comprehensive review.}, journal = {Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {2}, pmid = {39810237}, issn = {2055-0936}, abstract = {Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is an enclosed, double-stranded DNA virus from the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also contains variola, vaccinia, and cowpox. MPXV, which was once confined to West and Central Africa, has recently had a rebound, spreading beyond its original range since 2017. The virus is distinguished by its unique morphology, which includes an oval or brick-shaped structure and a complex lipid and protein makeup. The current multi-country outbreak designated a public health emergency in 2022, has highlighted MPXV's shifting epidemiology and ability to spread rapidly over the globe. 'No one is safe until everyone is safe' is a slogan we often heard during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is now also required for the growing global and regional mpox outbreaks. The epidemic is divided into two clades: Clade I and Clade II, which have distinct pathogenic characteristics. Diagnostic approaches have developed with advances in molecular techniques, yet problems persist in resource-constrained situations. This overview summarizes the virus's history, epidemiology, morphology, and clinical characteristics, offering insights into its recent comeback and current global response efforts.}, }
@article {pmid39809009, year = {2025}, author = {Hong, C and Skiba, B}, title = {Mental health outcomes, associated factors, and coping strategies among LGBTQ adolescent and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, volume = {182}, number = {}, pages = {132-141}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.12.037}, pmid = {39809009}, issn = {1879-1379}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology ; Adolescent ; *Sexual and Gender Minorities/psychology ; *Adaptation, Psychological ; Young Adult ; Depression/epidemiology/psychology ; Male ; Anxiety/epidemiology/psychology ; Female ; *Mental Health ; *Stress, Psychological/epidemiology/psychology ; Coping Skills ; }, abstract = {LGBTQ adolescents and young adults have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to describe the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on mental health among LGBTQ adolescents and young adults, identify associated factors, and summarize coping strategies. A systematic review was conducted by searching six databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, MEDLINE). Eligibility criteria included (1) reported mental health outcomes, (2) conducted among LGBTQ adolescents and young adults, and (3) data collection occurred since January 2020. All studies were screened independently, and relevant data were synthesized following PRISMA guidelines. Of 395 records, 67 articles were screened for eligibility. Among these, 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. LGBTQ adolescents and young adults reported substantial mental health burdens, including depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness during the pandemic. A pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms with a combined sample size of 7326 LGBTQ adolescents and young adults was 59% (95%CI: 0.48-0.70), (I[2] = 98.95%, p < 0.001). Among anxiety outcomes, the pooled prevalence with a sample size of 3258 LGBTQ adolescents and young adults was 55% (95% CI: 0.46-0.63), (I[2] = 95.70%, p < 0.001). Individual factors associated with mental distress included age, gender, and history of mental health disorders. Interpersonal and community-level factors included loss of safe spaces, family support, and discrimination on sexual and gender minority identity. Strategies to cope with distress include the use of social media and increased use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. The pandemic has had a substantial negative impact on psychological distress among LGBTQ adolescents and young adults. Results substantiate the need for further research into social media as a coping instrument and the expansion of telehealth mental health services.}, }
@article {pmid39808630, year = {2025}, author = {Autier, P and Doi, G and Mullie, P and Vankrunkelsven, P and D'Ecclesiis, O and Gandini, S}, title = {Vitamin D, acute respiratory infections, and Covid-19: The curse of small-size randomised trials. A critical review with meta-analysis of randomised trials.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {e0303316}, pmid = {39808630}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vitamin D/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention &amp; control/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Dietary Supplements ; Intensive Care Units ; Vitamins/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Randomised trials conducted from 2006 to 2021 indicated that vitamin D supplementation (VDS) was able to prevent severe COVID-19 and acute respiratory infections (ARI). However, larger randomised trials published in 2022 did not confirm the health benefits of VDS in COVID-19 patients.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To examine through a systematic review with meta-analysis the characteristics of randomised trials on VDS to COVID-19 patients and admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and of randomised trials on VDS for the prevention of ARI.<br><br>METHOD: A systematic search retrieved randomised trials on VDS to COVID-19 patients and admission to ICU. Data on VDS and ARI were extracted from the meta-analysis of Jolliffe et al. 2021. Groups were formed including trials with total numbers of patients below or above the median size of all trials. The associations between VDS vs no VDS, and admission to ICU were evaluated using random-effects models from which summary odds ratios (SOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained. Meta-analyses were done for all trials and for each group of trials, which allowed testing a possible effect modification of trial size. Publication bias was assessed using the Louis-Furuya-Kanaruori (LFK) index (no bias if index between -1 and +1) and the trim and fill method.<br><br>RESULTS: Nine trials on VDS for preventing admission to ICU were identified, including 50 to 548 patients. The summary odds ratio (SOR) was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.39-0.95) for all trials, 0.34 (0.13-0.93) for trials including 50 to <106 patients and 0.88 (0.62-1.24) for trials including 106 to 548 patients (interaction p = 0.04). The LFK index was -3.79, and after trim and fill, the SOR was 0.80 (0.40-1.61). The SOR for the 37 trials on VDS for ARI prevention included 25 to 16,000 patients. The SOR was 0.92 (0.86-0.99) for all trials, 0.69 (0.57-0.83) for trials including 25 to <248 patients and 0.98 (0.94-1.03) for trials including 248 to 16,000 patients (interaction p = 0.0001). The LFK index was -3.11, and after trim and fill, the SOR was 0.96 (0.88-1.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Strong publication bias affected small randomised trials on VDS for the prevention of severe COVID-19 and of ARI. Systematic reviews should beware of small-size randomised trials that generally exaggerate health benefits.}, }
@article {pmid39808306, year = {2025}, author = {Therre, M and Tokcan, M and Markwirth, P and Böhm, M}, title = {[Vaccination and cardiovascular diseases].}, journal = {Herz}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {149-158}, pmid = {39808306}, issn = {1615-6692}, mesh = {Humans ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Comorbidity ; Aged ; Influenza Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; }, abstract = {Respiratory tract infections with influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and respiratory syncytial (RS) viruses and pneumococci as well as endogenous reactivation of varicella zoster viruses presenting as herpes zoster, are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, such as myocardial infarction or hospitalization for heart failure. Effective prevention of these events, particularly through influenza and pneumococcal vaccination, is well established and cost-effective. Despite guideline recommendations to vaccinate older patients and people at risk, vaccination rates in these population groups remain suboptimal and below average in international comparison. This article sheds light on the association of vaccine preventable diseases with cardiovascular complications and demonstrates the protective effect of the respective vaccinations. Additionally, recommendations on the practical approach to vaccinating high-risk patients are given.}, }
@article {pmid39808169, year = {2024}, author = {Šerý, O and Dziedzinska, R}, title = {Risk impact of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and spike protein on cardiac tissue: a comprehensive review.}, journal = {Physiological research}, volume = {73}, number = {S3}, pages = {S655-S669}, pmid = {39808169}, issn = {1802-9973}, mesh = {Humans ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; *COVID-19/metabolism/complications/virology/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity/metabolism ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Animals ; Virus Internalization ; Myocytes, Cardiac/virology/metabolism ; *Heart Diseases/virology/metabolism ; }, abstract = {The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to significant morbidity and mortality, with a profound impact on cardiovascular health. This review investigates the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2's interaction with cardiac tissue, particularly emphasizing the role of the Spike protein and ACE2 receptor in facilitating viral entry and subsequent cardiac complications. We dissect the structural features of the virus, its interactions with host cell receptors, and the resulting pathophysiological changes in the heart. Highlighting SARS-CoV-2's broad organ tropism, especially its effects on cardiomyocytes via ACE2 and TMPRSS2, the review addresses how these interactions exacerbate cardiovascular issues in patients with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. Additionally, we assess both direct and indirect mechanisms of virus-induced cardiac damage, including myocarditis, arrhythmias, and long-term complications such as 'long COVID'. This review underscores the complexity of SARS-CoV-2's impact on the heart, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to fully understand its long-term effects on cardiovascular health. Key words: COVID-19, Heart, ACE2, Spike protein, Cardiomyocytes, Myocarditis, Long COVID.}, }
@article {pmid39807848, year = {2025}, author = {Chatterjee, G and Saha, AK and Khurshid, S and Saha, A}, title = {A Comprehensive Review of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Therapeutic Efficacies of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Seed Oil and Its Thymoquinone.}, journal = {Journal of medicinal food}, volume = {28}, number = {4}, pages = {325-339}, doi = {10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0149}, pmid = {39807848}, issn = {1557-7600}, mesh = {*Nigella sativa/chemistry ; *Benzoquinones/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; *Antioxidants/pharmacology/chemistry ; Humans ; *Plant Oils/pharmacology/chemistry ; Seeds/chemistry ; *Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; Animals ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Phytotherapy ; }, abstract = {Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) (family Ranunculaceae) is a largely utilized therapeutic herb worldwide. This comprehensive review discusses the pharmacological benefits of black cumin seed oil, focusing on its bioactive component thymoquinone (TQ). The review is structured as follows: First, we examine the antimicrobial properties of black cumin oil, followed by an analysis of its antioxidant capabilities. Finally, we explore its therapeutic potential, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19. Phytochemicals from N. sativa have exhibited potential for developing novel preventive and therapeutic strategies against jaundice, gastrointestinal disorders, skin diseases, anorexia, conjunctivitis, dyspepsia, intrinsic hemorrhage, amenorrhea, paralysis, anorexia, rheumatism, diabetes, hypertension, fever, influenza, eczema, asthma, cough, bronchitis, and headache. The broader spectrum of application for N. sativa and its essential bioactives have certainly enhanced the commercial value of this seed oil. TQ, a major constituent of black cumin seed oil, has numerous beneficial properties. Researchers have extensively studied black cumin seed oil and its major component, TQ. These studies have revealed a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, TQ has shown neuroprotective, spasmolytic, bronchodilatory, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, gastroprotective, and antioxidant activities.}, }
@article {pmid39807786, year = {2025}, author = {Higginbotham, JK and Segovia, LM and Rohm, KL and Anderson, CM and Breitenstein, SM}, title = {Social Vulnerability Index and Health Outcomes in the United States: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Family &amp; community health}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {81-96}, pmid = {39807786}, issn = {1550-5057}, support = {T32 NR014225/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; United States ; *Social Determinants of Health ; *Social Vulnerability ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention created the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) for the purpose of allocating resources in times of emergency based on social determinants of health (SDOH). The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate how the SVI tool has been applied in health care literature focused on health in the United States (US). A systematic literature review was conducted in 7 research databases with an 11-year time frame reflecting the launch of SVI, with the last search completed on September 29, 2022. Studies were included that involved humans, health, SVI, and conducted in the US. Articles were excluded if the SVI was used in COVID-19, disaster, pandemic, environment, or hazards. A total of 47 articles were included in the systematic review. The majority of studies analyzed individual/population health outcomes in clinical, surgical, mortality, or health promotion areas. The majority of studies showed a relationship between neighborhood-level SDOH and health outcomes. Study authors reported strengths, limitations, and recommendations of the SVI tool. A potential limitation of the study was the exclusion of studies that used the SVI related to disaster. The SVI represents a powerful tool to assess neighborhood-level SDOH and examine upstream drivers health outcomes with direct implications for research, policy, and practice.}, }
@article {pmid39807273, year = {2025}, author = {Chen, Y and Zhang, C and Feng, Y}, title = {Medicinal plants for the management of post-COVID-19 fatigue: A literature review on the role and mechanisms.}, journal = {Journal of traditional and complementary medicine}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {15-23}, pmid = {39807273}, issn = {2225-4110}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 infection has a lasting impact on human health, which is known as post-COVID-19 conditions. Fatigue is one of the most commonly reported post-COVID-19 conditions. Management of fatigue in the post-COVID-19 era is necessary and emerging. The use of medicinal plants may provide a strategy for the management of post-COVID-19 fatigue.<br><br>METHODS: A literature search has been conducted by using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases is performed for studies published up to March 2024. Keywords, such as "post-COVID-19 conditions, persistent COVID-19 symptoms, chronic COVID-19, long-term sequelae, fatigue, post-COVID-19 fatigue, herbal plants, medicinal herbs, traditional Chinese medicine, pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacological actions" are thoroughly searched in Englsih and Chinese. This study reviews the pathophysiology of post-COVID-19 fatigue and potential herbal plants for managing post-COVID-19 fatigue.<br><br>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Representative medicinal plants that have been extensively investigated by previous studies are presented in the study. Three common mechanisms among the most extensively studied for post-COVID-19 fatigue, with each mechanism having medicinal plants as an example. The latest clinical studies concerning the management of post-COVID-19 fatigue using medicinal plants have also been summarized. The study shows the potential for improving post-COVID-19 fatigue by consuming medicinal plants.}, }
@article {pmid39807161, year = {2025}, author = {Bachmann, M and Gültekin, N and Stanga, Z and Fehr, JS and Ülgür, II and Schlagenhauf, P}, title = {Disparities in response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines according to sex and age: A systematic review.}, journal = {New microbes and new infections}, volume = {63}, number = {}, pages = {101551}, pmid = {39807161}, issn = {2052-2975}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rapid development and distribution of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines has been essential in containing the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic around the globe. For ongoing and future immunization campaigns globally, there is a need to evaluate the impact of population demographics such as age and sex, on vaccine efficacy and safety.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review (PROSPERO ID CRD42023328245) conducted according to PRISMA guidelines evaluates the impact of age and sex on the safety and efficacy of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations administrated in 15 studies that were chosen according to strict criteria. The ROBIS tool was applied to evaluate the robustness and the quality of the studies included in the review.<br><br>RESULTS: After screening, 15 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines typically elicit robust immune responses, and that younger people have higher antibody levels. Comparing the sexes reveals that higher immunological responses were induced in females, and mild to moderate adverse effects (such as injection site discomfort, exhaustion, and headaches) were also more frequently reported in women. Despite these variations, COVID-19 vaccines have been found to be safe to use across diverse populations, which supports their extensive use in public health initiatives.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results suggests that tailored vaccination may achieve maximum effectiveness and better tolerability depending on age and sex. Currently study results are rarely stratified by age and sex and this is a deficit in clinical trial publications. More research is needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the variations in vaccine responses according to age and sex.}, }
@article {pmid39806627, year = {2024}, author = {Baalmann, AK and Blome, C and Stoletzki, N and Donhauser, T and Apfelbacher, C and Piontek, K}, title = {Patient-reported outcome measures for post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review of instruments and measurement properties.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {e084202}, pmid = {39806627}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *Patient Reported Outcome Measures ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Quality of Life ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), also referred to as Long COVID, has become an emerging public health issue requiring adequate prevention, treatment and management strategies. Evaluating these strategies from the patients' perspective using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is critical. In this systematic review, we aimed to critically appraise and summarise the quality of existing PROMs for PCC, and to identify PROMs that can be recommended for use in future research.<br><br>DESIGN: Systematic review using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: PubMed and Web of Science were searched on 16 January 2023 and again on 23 July 2024.<br><br>ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included studies reporting on the development and/or validation of any disease-specific PROMs for PCC.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent reviewers screened the results for eligibility. The methodological quality of each included study was assessed using the COSMIN Risk of Bias Checklist. We further evaluated the quality of measurement properties per PROM and study according to the criteria for good measurement properties as outlined in the COSMIN manual, and graded the evidence of the synthesised results. Based on the overall evidence, we derived recommendations for the use of the identified instruments.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 23 studies reporting on 11 PROMs measuring functional status (COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale, C19-YRS; Modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale, C19-YRSm; Functional Impairment Checklist, FIC; Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale, PCFS), symptom burden and impact (Long COVID Symptom and Severity Score, LC-SSS; Long COVID Symptom Tool, LCST; Long COVID Impact Tool, LCIT; Symptom Burden Questionnaire Long COVID, SBQ-LC), quality of life (Post-acute COVID-19 Quality of Life instrument, PAC-19QoL) and stigma (Long COVID Stigma Scale, LCSS; Post-COVID-19 Condition Stigma Questionnaire, PCCSQ). Sample sizes of the included studies ranged from 29 to 1969 participants. Overall, 95 single studies on measurement properties were evaluated. Among the identified instruments, the Long Covid Stigma Scale (LCSS) showed sufficient content validity and internal consistency and can be recommended for use according to COSMIN criteria. Our assessment of measurement properties revealed significant evidence gaps for all PROMs, indicating the need for further validation studies to make an adequate decision on the recommendation for their use. Content validity is a major shortcoming of all included instruments.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The LCSS measuring stigma can be recommended for use in future research. For the assessment of PCC symptoms and impact, no instrument with sufficient measurement properties is currently available. Further validation of all identified PROMs is indicated, in particular comprehensive assessments of content validity involving experts and patients.<br><br>PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023391238.}, }
@article {pmid39805299, year = {2025}, author = {Braude, P and Lewis, EG and Broach Kc, S and Carlton, E and Rudd, S and Palmer, J and Walker, R and Carter, B and Benger, J}, title = {Frailism: a scoping review exploring discrimination against people living with frailty.}, journal = {The lancet. Healthy longevity}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, pages = {100651}, doi = {10.1016/j.lanhl.2024.100651}, pmid = {39805299}, issn = {2666-7568}, mesh = {Humans ; Aged ; *Frailty/psychology ; *Frail Elderly/psychology ; Female ; Male ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Prejudice ; *Social Discrimination ; Persons with Disabilities ; }, abstract = {People living with frailty can experience discrimination, but unlike the characteristics of age and disability, frailty is not protected by law. Frailty is a clinical syndrome associated with ageing in which health deficits increase a person's vulnerability to illness, disability, and death. This scoping review, conducted by a team of methodologists, clinicians, lawyers, and patients, aimed to investigate the extent of discrimination against people living with frailty described in health-care literature. We searched five health-care databases from inception up to June, 2022, and grey literature, to identify 144 texts. The texts were classified by the types of discrimination (direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment, and victimisation) and inductively developed into contextual themes. The median age of the participants was 77 years (IQR 69·9-82·0), and 65·4% were women. The most common types of discrimination were direct (in 90 [63%]), indirect (in 66 [46%]), and harassment (in one [1%]) of the 144 texts, with no instances of victimisation reported. Nine themes of discriminatory actions were developed. Discrimination against people living with frailty overlapped with discrimination based on established protected characteristics, including age, disability, race, and sex. Evidence indicated that frailty discrimination replaces, mediates, masks, and potentiates age discrimination. Discrimination against people with frailty seemed to be both an independent event and one that interacts with established protected characteristics. Future research should focus on preventing frailty-based discrimination and establishing whether frailty should be considered a new protected characteristic by law.}, }
@article {pmid39805227, year = {2025}, author = {Steward, A and Lacey, S and Gray, A and Parsons, C and Thompson, K and Anderson, N}, title = {The ongoing impact of COVID-19 on the clinical education of Australian medical radiation science students.}, journal = {Journal of medical radiation sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/jmrs.847}, pmid = {39805227}, issn = {2051-3909}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant and ongoing impact on health care, particularly for medical radiation science (MRS) professionals. There exist many studies that describe the negative effects of clinical placement restrictions and access to universities on the well-being of all health professional students during the pandemic. There also exists evidence of changes to MRS student teaching and impacts to students and academic clinical educators; however, there exists a paucity of research that investigates how changes have affected the performance of students within the clinical environment and entering the workforce. This study surveyed workplace MRS clinical educators within Australia to gather their perspectives regarding the impact of COVID-19 on student clinical education.<br><br>METHODS: A descriptive study comprising an online structured survey of 44 questions was provided to Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy Clinical Educators across Australia.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 55 survey responses were received. Of note, respondents described heavy reductions to student intake capacity, losses of clinical placement time, a noted theory-practice gap and possibility of sites 'failing to fail' students. Negative impacts to all domains of MRPBA professional capabilities, as well as a perceived unpreparedness to meet the MRPBA capabilities were described. There was general agreement that graduating students will require supportive periods upon entry into the profession.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study highlights the considerable impact of changes to the education and training of MRS students in response to COVID-19. The results pose a real concern for a generation of MRS students affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39805179, year = {2025}, author = {Baig, MMA and Siddiqui, FZ and Ashkar, A and Naeem, A and Ahmed, S and Waqas, SA}, title = {Comparing the efficacy and safety of extended vs standard dosing of ocrelizumab in MS: A systemic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Multiple sclerosis and related disorders}, volume = {94}, number = {}, pages = {106257}, doi = {10.1016/j.msard.2025.106257}, pmid = {39805179}, issn = {2211-0356}, mesh = {Humans ; *Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; *Immunologic Factors/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; COVID-19 ; Drug Administration Schedule ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a challenging autoimmune disease that disrupts the central nervous system, leading to a range of symptoms. Ocrelizumab, a treatment commonly used for MS, targets B cells to help manage the disease. While the standard-interval dosing (SID) is effective, the COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns about safety, particularly around immune responses. This prompted interest in extended-interval dosing (EID), which spaces out treatments more. Our study aims to compare how well EID works against SID and if it's safer for patients.<br><br>METHODS: We followed strict guidelines to review the research on EID and SID in MS patients. Using databases like PubMed and Scopus, we looked for studies up to July 2024. We included clinical trials and cohort studies that directly compared these dosing strategies. A team of reviewers collected data, assessed the quality of the studies, and performed statistical analysis to find any differences in effectiveness and safety.<br><br>RESULTS: Our analysis included 11 studies involving over 2,500 patients. We found that EID and SID were similarly effective in controlling disease activity (no significant difference in NEDA). However, patients on EID experienced fewer side effects, with significantly fewer adverse events compared to those on SID.<br><br>CONCLUSION: EID appears to be just as effective as SID in managing MS, but with the added benefit of reducing side effects. This makes EID a promising alternative for long-term treatment, offering patients a lighter treatment burden while maintaining disease control. More research is needed to explore its long-term impact.}, }
@article {pmid39804936, year = {2025}, author = {Mesquita, S and Perfeito, L and Paolotti, D and Gonçalves-Sá, J}, title = {Epidemiological methods in transition: Minimizing biases in classical and digital approaches.}, journal = {PLOS digital health}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {e0000670}, pmid = {39804936}, issn = {2767-3170}, abstract = {Epidemiology and Public Health have increasingly relied on structured and unstructured data, collected inside and outside of typical health systems, to study, identify, and mitigate diseases at the population level. Focusing on infectious diseases, we review the state of Digital Epidemiology at the beginning of 2020 and how it changed after the COVID-19 pandemic, in both nature and breadth. We argue that Epidemiology's progressive use of data generated outside of clinical and public health systems creates several technical challenges, particularly in carrying specific biases that are almost impossible to correct for a priori. Using a statistical perspective, we discuss how a definition of Digital Epidemiology that emphasizes "data-type" instead of "data-source," may be more operationally useful, by clarifying key methodological differences and gaps. Therefore, we briefly describe some of the possible biases arising from varied collection methods and sources, and offer some recommendations to better explore the potential of Digital Epidemiology, particularly on how to help reduce inequity.}, }
@article {pmid39804261, year = {2025}, author = {Bowyer, S and Allen, DJ and Furnham, N}, title = {Unveiling the ghost: machine learning's impact on the landscape of virology.}, journal = {The Journal of general virology}, volume = {106}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1099/jgv.0.002067}, pmid = {39804261}, issn = {1465-2099}, mesh = {*Machine Learning ; *Virology/methods ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; *Viruses/genetics/classification ; Genome, Viral ; Computational Biology/methods ; }, abstract = {The complexity and speed of evolution in viruses with RNA genomes makes predictive identification of variants with epidemic or pandemic potential challenging. In recent years, machine learning has become an increasingly capable technology for addressing this challenge, as advances in methods and computational power have dramatically improved the performance of models and led to their widespread adoption across industries and disciplines. Nascent applications of machine learning technology to virus research have now expanded, providing new tools for handling large-scale datasets and leading to a reshaping of existing workflows for phenotype prediction, phylogenetic analysis, drug discovery and more. This review explores how machine learning has been applied to and has impacted the study of viruses, before addressing the strengths and limitations of its techniques and finally highlighting the next steps that are needed for the technology to reach its full potential in this challenging and ever-relevant research area.}, }
@article {pmid39804238, year = {2025}, author = {Hirsch, C and Kreuzberger, N and Skoetz, N and Monsef, I and Kluge, S and Spinner, CD and Malin, JJ}, title = {Efficacy and safety of antiviral therapies for the treatment of persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients since the Omicron surge: a systematic review.}, journal = {The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy}, volume = {80}, number = {3}, pages = {633-644}, pmid = {39804238}, issn = {1460-2091}, support = {01VSF23002//Innovation Fund of the German Joint Federal Committee/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; *Immunocompromised Host ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/mortality ; Treatment Outcome ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Alanine/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Immunization, Passive ; Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs &amp; derivatives ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Persistent COVID-19 (pCOVID-19) in immunocompromised patients is characterized by unspecific symptoms and pulmonary infiltrates due to ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication. Treatment options remain unclear, leading to different approaches, including combination therapy and extended durations. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of antiviral therapies for pCOVID-19 in immunocompromised patients since the Omicron surge.<br><br>METHODS: We searched MEDLINE and Scopus from 1 January 2022 to 6 August 2024 for cohort studies and case series on nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, ensitrelvir and molnupiravir. Evidence certainty was rated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation for outcomes including viral clearance, recurrence/relapse, mortality, adverse events (AEs) and symptom resolution.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirteen studies involving 127 cases were included. Evidence certainty was very low. In combination therapy with at least two direct antiviral agents, viral clearance was 79%, with a 16% recurrence rate. All-cause mortality was 9%, and mortality was 6% while SARS-CoV-2 positive. In 47 cases, AEs were reported in 11%. Symptom resolution ranged from 3 to 6 days in two studies. In combination therapy with one direct antiviral agent and passive immunization, viral clearance was 89%, with an 11% recurrence rate and no deaths. In four documented cases, no AEs were observed. In monotherapy, viral clearance was 100%, with a 15% recurrence rate. One death, unrelated to SARS-CoV-2, occurred. In 12 documented cases, no AEs were observed.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Based on very low certainty evidence, combining one direct antiviral with passive immunization resulted in high rates of viral clearance and few recurrences. AEs occurred in cases treated with at least two direct antivirals. Controlled studies are needed.}, }
@article {pmid39804007, year = {2025}, author = {Harlan, EA and Malley, K and Quiroga, G and Mubarak, E and Lama, P and Schutz, A and Cuevas, A and Hough, CL and Iwashyna, TJ and Armstrong-Hough, M and Valley, TS}, title = {Representation of Hispanic Patients in Clinical Trials for Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Critical care explorations}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {e1193}, pmid = {39804007}, issn = {2639-8028}, support = {R01 HL157361/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; T32 HL007749/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Hispanic or Latino/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy/ethnology ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; United States/epidemiology ; *Patient Selection ; Respiration, Artificial ; White ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Hispanic individuals comprise one-fifth of the U.S. population and Hispanic patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) experience higher odds of death compared with non-Hispanic White patients. Representation of Hispanic patients in clinical trials for respiratory failure is critical to address this inequity. We conducted a systematic review to examine the inclusion of Hispanic patients in randomized controlled trials for AHRF and assessed language as a potential barrier to enrollment.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: National Library of Medicine PubMed, Elsevier Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases through January 2024.<br><br>STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials assessing AHRF interventions enrolling U.S. patients receiving mechanical ventilation, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, or high-flow nasal cannula were included. The systematic review was registered prospectively through PROSPERO (CRD42023437828).<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently screened studies and extracted data for each included study.<br><br>DATA SYNTHESIS: Ninety-four trials published from 1975 to 2023 were included; 33.0% (n = 31) of studies reported ethnicity, and 11.2% of participants in studies reporting race or ethnicity (1,320/11,780) were identified as Hispanic. The proportion of Hispanic-identified participants was significantly lower than the U.S. Hispanic population from 1996 to 2019 (p < 0.01). Starting in 2020, the proportion of Hispanic-identified participants was significantly higher than the U.S. population (27.8% vs. 19.1%; p < 0.01). Two studies (4.9%) reporting race or ethnicity excluded non-English speaking participants; the remainder did not specify language requirements for enrollment.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Hispanic-identified individuals were underrepresented in trials for AHRF until 2020 when Hispanic patient representation increased during COVID-19. Exclusion of participants who do not speak English may represent a barrier to trial enrollment.}, }
@article {pmid39803741, year = {2025}, author = {Hemilä, H and Chalker, E}, title = {Vitamin C for the common cold and pneumonia.}, journal = {Polish archives of internal medicine}, volume = {135}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.20452/pamw.16926}, pmid = {39803741}, issn = {1897-9483}, mesh = {Humans ; *Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use ; *Common Cold/drug therapy/prevention &amp; control ; *Pneumonia/drug therapy/prevention &amp; control ; *Vitamins/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {This paper provides an overview of the efficacy of vitamin C for preventing and treating respiratory infections. Studies in a wide variety of animals have shown vitamin C to be protective against infections. In controlled trials in the general human population, vitamin C at a dose greater than 1 g/day did not prevent common colds. However, in 5 trials with participants undertaking heavy physical activity, vitamin C halved the incidence of colds. In 15 trials (n = 6244), regular supplementation of 1 g or more of vitamin C per day decreased the severity of colds by 15%. Results of therapeutic trials in which vitamin C was initiated after the onset of common cold symptoms have been inconsistent. However, 2 therapeutic trials found that 6-8 g/day of vitamin C was twice as effective at reducing the duration of colds as 3-4 g/day. In 3 controlled trials, vitamin C was shown to prevent pneumonia, but the contexts were atypical: the participants were schoolboys attending a boarding school in the United Kingdom before World War II, soldiers hospitalized for influenza A, and United States Marine recruits. It is unlikely that vitamin C would reduce the risk of pneumonia in the general population; however, 4 trials reported a treatment benefit for pneumonia patients, although the findings encourage further research rather than providing firm evidence of efficacy. Vitamin C has been tested for efficacy in COVID‑19 and sepsis with conflicting results. Given the evidence that vitamin C reduces the severity and duration of the common cold, paired with its good safety profile and low cost, it is not unreasonable for patients to test whether therapeutic vitamin C supplementation at a dose of 6-8 g/day is beneficial at the individual level.}, }
@article {pmid39802974, year = {2024}, author = {Derda, E and Szymańska, E and Sokolek, M and Kierkuś, J}, title = {Inflammatory bowel diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Przeglad gastroenterologiczny}, volume = {19}, number = {3}, pages = {231-235}, pmid = {39802974}, issn = {1895-5770}, abstract = {Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the safety of those with compromised immune systems and chronic disease has been of particular concern for health care providers. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, incurable conditions of digestive system with unknown aetiology, but one of the causes is disordered immune response. Medical therapies most frequently used in IBD are immune suppressing or modifying with the rising use of biologic treatment. All these aspects make patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis a group of particular risk. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss potential mechanisms, risks, and management of patients with IBD during COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39802655, year = {2025}, author = {Huang, J and Fan, Y and Wang, Y and Liu, J}, title = {The effects of enhanced external counter-pulsation on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: A narrative review.}, journal = {Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland)}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {20241067}, pmid = {39802655}, issn = {2391-5463}, abstract = {Some of the millions of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have developed new sequelae after recovering from the initial disease, termed post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (PASC). One symptom is anxiety, which is likely due to three etiologies: brain structural changes, neuroendocrine disruption, and neurotransmitter alterations. This review provides an overview of the current literature on the pathophysiological pathways linking coronavirus disease 2019 to anxiety, as well as the possible mechanisms of action in which an increasingly scrutinized treatment method, enhanced external counter-pulsation (EECP), is able to alleviate anxiety. SARS-CoV-2 triggers increased inflammatory cytokine production, as well as oxidative stress; these processes contribute to the aforementioned three etiologies. The potential treatment approach of EECP, involving sequenced inflation and deflation of specifically-placed airbags, has become of increasing interest, as it has been found to alleviate PASC-associated anxiety by improving patient cardiovascular function. These functional improvements were achieved by EECP stimulating anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic processes, as well as improving endothelial cell function and coronary blood flow, partially via counteracting against the negative effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Therefore, EECP could promote both psychosomatic and cardiac rehabilitation. Further research, though, is still needed to fully determine its benefits and mechanism of action.}, }
@article {pmid39802536, year = {2024}, author = {Orbaugh, KK and Cuellar, S and Sheldon, LK}, title = {How Can Oncology Nurses and Advanced Practice Providers Reduce the Burden of Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia in the US?.}, journal = {Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-15}, pmid = {39802536}, issn = {2150-0878}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) are serious complications of myelosuppressive chemotherapy and present a considerable burden to patients with cancer. Febrile neutropenia is associated with increased risks of infection and hospitalization, a particular concern during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Oncology nurses and advanced practice providers (APPs; including nurse practitioners, physician assistants, advanced practice nurses, and pharmacists) play a vital role in the management of patients with cancer and the prevention of infections.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this article are to summarize the burden of chemotherapy-related neutropenia and FN in patients with cancer in the US and to evaluate the role of oncology nurses and APPs in preventing and managing FN.<br><br>METHODS: This article provides a narrative review of US studies reporting on the burden of FN, FN during COVID-19, adherence to guidelines for the use of prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs), the involvement of oncology nurses in FN prevention, management, and patient quality of life, and inappropriate and/or incomplete G-CSF treatment.<br><br>FINDINGS: Despite advances in supportive care for patients with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy, neutropenia and FN present a considerable burden to patients, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Oncology nurses and APPs play a vital role in the appropriate and timely delivery of supportive care, which can improve patient outcomes and minimize treatment costs.}, }
@article {pmid39802303, year = {2025}, author = {Brady, G and Bennin, F and De Koning, R and Vindrola-Padros, C and Clark, SE and Tiwari, MK and Watt, S and Ducci, A and Torii, R and Morris, D and Lloyd-Dehler, E and Slann, J and Stevenson, F and Khadjesari, Z and Dehbi, HM and Ciric, L and Epstein, R and Rubin, J and Houlihan, CF and Hunter, R and Lovat, LB}, title = {Interventions used to reduce infectious aerosol concentrations in hospitals-a review.}, journal = {EClinicalMedicine}, volume = {79}, number = {}, pages = {102990}, pmid = {39802303}, issn = {2589-5370}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for improved infectious aerosol concentrations through interventions that reduce the transmission of airborne infections. The aims of this review were to map the existing literature on interventions used to improve infectious aerosol concentrations in hospitals and understand challenges in their implementation.<br><br>METHODS: We reviewed peer-reviewed articles identified on three databases, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to July 2024. 6417 articles were identified, 160 were reviewed and 18 were included.<br><br>FINDINGS: Results on aerosol concentration were discussed in terms of three categories: (1) filtration and inactivation of aerosol particles; (2) effect of airflow and ventilation on aerosol concentrations; and (3) improvements or reduction in health conditions. The most common device or method that was outlined by researchers was high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters which were able to reduce aerosol concentrations under investigation across the included literature. Some articles were able to demonstrate the effectiveness of interventions in terms of improving health outcomes for patients.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: The key finding is that infectious aerosol concentration improvement measures based on filtration, inactivation, improved air flow dynamics, and ventilation reduce the likelihood of nosocomial infections. However limitations of such approaches must be considered such as noise pollution and effects on ambient humidity. Whilst these efforts can contribute to improved air quality in hospitals, they should be considered with the other interacting factors such as microclimates, room dimensions and use of chemical products that effect air quality.<br><br>FUNDING: This study is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) (NIHR205439).}, }
@article {pmid39801994, year = {2025}, author = {Das, M and Ojha, AK and Albert, V and Borah, S and Ramamurthy, T and Das, S and Dutta, TK and Kylla, H and Mandakini, R and Devi, SI}, title = {Threats of zoonotic pathogens in food chain: Current status and gaps in India.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {e41240}, pmid = {39801994}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Public health is seriously threatened by transmission of zoonotic infection through the food chain. Factors like increasing population, deforestation, high demand for animal protein, and trade of sub-clinically infected animals are the main causes of the spread of infections from asymptomatic animals to humans. Despite several national programs like Swatch Bharat Abhiyan (The Clean India Mission), prevention of open defecation and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), the incidence of diarrhoeal diseases remains high in India. There is an urgent need to understand the route of the spread of zoonotic infections so that related preventive action can be taken to protect the health of the people.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to overview the current threats of zoonotic food-borne infections to humans, challenges, and propose possible solutions to improve the public health system.<br><br>METHODS: Published literatures on 'foodborne and zoonotic infections', 'foodborne outbreak', 'zoonotic pathogens', 'food animals', 'AMR', and 'one health' were reviewed in depth. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT) was used to assess the problem's depth and find possible solutions.<br><br>RESULT: SWOT analysis showed that different national and international programs supporting One Health initiative are the strengths, whereas poor awareness related to animal health issues, insufficient number of veterinary hospitals and excellence centers for diagnosis, and research are the weaknesses. International and National funding opportunities, and policy support for one health initiative remains a long-term vision. The other factors such as cross-boundary food animal trades, a huge number of undiagnosed cases of sub-clinically infected food animals and unreported outbreaks are the potential threats that need timely action through well-designed surveillance and monitoring.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The importance of the transmission of zoonotic infection to humans and its impact has probably been understood by the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased human-animal interface, cross-species transmission of a few emerging pathogens, and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant genes are major concerns. Integrated laboratory surveillance, and one health amalgamation of medical, agriculture, and veterinary health research sectors are crucial to addressing this neglected public health problem.}, }
@article {pmid39801700, year = {2025}, author = {Quek, FF and Meldrum, S and Hislop, J}, title = {A Systematic Scoping Review of the Current Applications of Digital Technology in Undergraduate Surgical Education.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {e77278}, pmid = {39801700}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Over the past few decades, technological advancements have established digital tools as an indispensable pedagogical resource in the realm of modern education. In the field of medical education, there is growing interest in how these digital tools can be effectively integrated to enhance undergraduate surgical education. However, despite their well-documented potential benefits, research specifically investigating the current use of digital technology in undergraduate surgical education remains limited, highlighting a critical gap in the existing literature. To address this research gap, this scoping review aims to elucidate the current utilisation of digital technologies in undergraduate surgical education by addressing the research question: 'How are digital technologies currently being utilised in undergraduate surgical education to meet surgical learning outcomes'. A scoping review was performed, adopting the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework. A comprehensive search strategy was conducted using the search terms 'technology' OR 'simulation' OR 'virtual reality' OR 'augmented reality' OR 'digital' OR 'online' AND 'undergraduate' AND 'surgical' on multiple electronic bibliographic databases including PubMed, Medline, ERIC, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. These search terms were executed using both free-text and MeSH terms, with search terms combined using Boolean operators to ensure all relevant citations were captured. All search results were screened against the eligibility criteria using Covidence, a web-based software platform, using a two-stage process. Subsequently, all included studies were reviewed, and the extracted data was systematically sorted and organised, with the findings presented graphically accompanied by descriptive narratives. A thematic analysis was also performed to identify themes within the data to synthesise key findings. This scoping review revealed three key findings. First, the use of digital tools in surgical education has been steadily increasing over the past few decades, with the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating the integration of technology into surgical education. Second, this review also highlighted the key role of anatomy within surgical education, with most included studies reporting the use of digital technologies to enhance anatomy teaching. Finally, this review provided an overview of various digital tools used in surgical education and their associated user experiences. Overall, most studies indicated that digital technologies are well-received by students, with many advocating for their continued use in supplementing surgical education even beyond the pandemic. This review provides a crucial foundation for understanding the evolving role of digital innovations in shaping undergraduate surgical education. To enhance undergraduate surgical education, integrating appropriate digital learning tools can provide more learner-centred and personalised learning experiences. Educators must recognise that there is no 'one-size-fits-all' approach, and a flexible multimodal strategy is necessary to meet diverse learning needs. As technology continues to evolve and its role in education grows, this review offers valuable insights into the current use of digital tools in surgical education, highlighting opportunities for improvement and innovation to further enhance undergraduate surgical experience.}, }
@article {pmid39801086, year = {2025}, author = {Bobrin, VA and Sharma-Brymer, SE and Monteiro, MJ}, title = {Temperature-Directed Morphology Transformation Method for Precision-Engineered Polymer Nanostructures.}, journal = {ACS nano}, volume = {19}, number = {3}, pages = {3054-3084}, doi = {10.1021/acsnano.4c14506}, pmid = {39801086}, issn = {1936-086X}, mesh = {*Polymers/chemistry/chemical synthesis ; *Temperature ; *Nanostructures/chemistry ; Humans ; Polymerization ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {With polymer nanoparticles now playing an influential role in biological applications, the synthesis of nanoparticles with precise control over size, shape, and chemical functionality, along with a responsive ability to environmental changes, remains a significant challenge. To address this challenge, innovative polymerization methods must be developed that can incorporate diverse functional groups and stimuli-responsive moieties into polymer nanostructures, which can then be tailored for specific biological applications. By combining the advantages of emulsion polymerization in an environmentally friendly reaction medium, high polymerization rates due to the compartmentalization effect, chemical functionality, and scalability, with the precise control over polymer chain growth achieved through reversible-deactivation radical polymerization, our group developed the temperature-directed morphology transformation (TDMT) method to produce polymer nanoparticles. This method utilized temperature or pH responsive nanoreactors for controlled particle growth and with the added advantages of controlled surface chemical functionality and the ability to produce well-defined asymmetric structures (e.g., tadpoles and kettlebells). This review summarizes the fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic principles that govern particle formation and control using the TDMT method, allowing precision-engineered polymer nanoparticles, offering a versatile and an efficient means to produce 3D nanostructures directly in water with diverse morphologies, high purity, high solids content, and controlled surface and internal functionality. With such control over the nanoparticle features, the TDMT-generated nanostructures could be designed for a wide variety of biological applications, including antiviral coatings effective against SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens, reversible scaffolds for stem cell expansion and release, and vaccine and drug delivery systems.}, }
@article {pmid39800813, year = {2025}, author = {Mohd Yusoff, H and Yew, SQ and Mohammed Nawi, A and Htwe, O and Mohd Tohit, N and Mohamed, Z and Muhamad Noordin, MA and Che Mohamed, N and Mohd, FH}, title = {Prevalence and symptoms of Long Covid-19 in the workplace.}, journal = {Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)}, volume = {75}, number = {1}, pages = {33-41}, pmid = {39800813}, issn = {1471-8405}, support = {UKMP-S230424//National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Malaysia/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; Prevalence ; *Workplace/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Fatigue/epidemiology/etiology ; Dyspnea/epidemiology/etiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Male ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The symptoms of Long coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are heterogeneous, creating uncertainty for employers regarding the diagnosis. The prevalence of Long Covid-19 in the workforce is also unknown. Furthermore, workers affected by Long Covid-19 encounter considerable difficulties in ensuring work safety and returning to their jobs due to this condition.<br><br>AIMS: This review is aimed to identify the prevalence of Long Covid-19 in the workplace and to determine the various symptoms of Long Covid-19 experienced by the workers.<br><br>METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled estimates for the prevalence of Long Covid-19. Heterogeneity among the estimates was evaluated using the I&#xb2; statistic.<br><br>RESULTS: The pooled prevalence of Long Covid-19 among workers across the 11 studies was 38% (95% CI 23-56). A total of 43 symptoms associated with Long Covid-19 were identified in the workplace, with the top five symptoms being dyspnoea at moderate activity (51%, 95% CI 39-62), mental symptoms (38%, 95% CI 6-87), dyspnoea at mild activity (35%, 95% CI 25-47), fatigue (26%, 95% CI 3-78) and effort intolerance (24%, 95% CI 15-35).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The review indicates a significant burden of long-lasting symptoms within the workforce. The top five reported symptoms of Long Covid-19 were dyspnoea during mild and moderate activities, mental symptoms, fatigue and effort intolerance.}, }
@article {pmid39800721, year = {2025}, author = {Shouman, S and Hesham, N and Salem, TZ}, title = {Viruses and neurodegeneration: a growing concern.}, journal = {Journal of translational medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {46}, pmid = {39800721}, issn = {1479-5876}, mesh = {Humans ; *Neurodegenerative Diseases/virology/epidemiology/etiology ; COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *Virus Diseases/complications/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Animals ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) cause a progressive loss of neurons. Since NDDs are multifactorial, the precise etiology varies on the basis of the type of disease and patient history. Cohort studies and case studies have demonstrated a potential link between viral infections and the onset or progression of NDDs. Recent findings concerning the mechanisms by which neuropathic infections occur have provided more insights into the importance of such connections. In this review, we aim to elaborate on the occurrence of the neuropathic effects of viruses from epidemiological, clinical, and biological perspectives while highlighting potential treatments and challenges. One of the key players in viral neuropathogenesis is neuroinflammation caused by the immune response to the virus; this can occur due to both neurotropic and nonneurotropic viruses. The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about whether vaccines are essential for preventing viruses or whether vaccines may play a part in exacerbating or accelerating NDDs. By classifying viruses and the common NDDs associated with them and further delving into their cellular pathways, this review provides insights to advance the development of potential treatments and diagnostic methods.}, }
@article {pmid39800386, year = {2025}, author = {Xie, S and Du, S and Huang, Y and Luo, Y and Chen, Y and Zheng, Z and Yuan, B and Xu, M and Zhou, S}, title = {Evolution and effectiveness of bilateral and multilateral development assistance for health: a mixed-methods review of trends and strategic shifts (1990-2022).}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39800386}, issn = {2059-7908}, mesh = {Humans ; *Global Health ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *International Cooperation ; Developing Countries ; *Delivery of Health Care ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Development assistance for health (DAH) plays a vital role in supporting health programmes in low- and middle-income countries. While DAH has historically focused on infectious diseases and maternal and child health, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of DAH trends, strategic shifts and their impact on health systems and outcomes. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of DAH from 1990 to 2022, examining its evolution and funding allocation shifts.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a mixed-methods review, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane databases, yielding 102 eligible studies. Quantitative data were obtained from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation database, covering DAH data from 1990 to 2022. Qualitative data were analysed through thematic synthesis based on the WHO's six health system building blocks.<br><br>RESULTS: The DAH has predominantly focused on HIV/AIDS and maternal and child health. Despite the increasing global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), the proportion of DAH allocated to NCDs remained low, increasing only from 1% in 1990 to 2% in 2022. Similarly, the overall funding for health system strengthening decreased from 19% in 1990 to 7% in 2022. Major contributors to DAH included the USA, the UK and the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation. While associations between DAH and improvements in certain health outcomes were observed, establishing causality is challenging due to multiple influencing factors. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of robust health systems. However, DAH allocation did not show any substantial shift towards health system strengthening during this period. Economic evaluations calculated the median incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of DAH interventions, CONCLUSIONS: This study reviews DAH trends from 1990 to 2022, showing a predominant focus on HIV/AIDS and maternal and child health, with insufficient attention to NCDs and health system strengthening. Despite the increasing burden of NCDs and the impact of COVID-19, DAH priorities have not significantly shifted, highlighting the need for ongoing evaluation and strategic adjustments. To enhance DAH effectiveness, it is crucial to adopt a more balanced approach and also align interventions with needs from recipient countries and implement evidence-based strategies with continuous monitoring and evaluation.}, }
@article {pmid39800384, year = {2025}, author = {Zaidi, S and Zaidi, R and Hussain, S and Safi, MM}, title = {Stewarding COVID-19 health systems response in Pakistan: what more can be done for a primary health care approach to future pandemics?.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {10}, number = {Suppl 2}, pages = {}, pmid = {39800384}, issn = {2059-7908}, mesh = {Humans ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Primary Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {We apply a primary healthcare (PHC) perspective to gauge Pakistan's health systems response to COVID-19, to identify stewardship lessons for integrating the PHC pandemic response. Analysis of Pakistan's response against the Astana PHC framework shows that the imperative for national survival helped mobilise an agile response across a fragmented health security context. The findings show effective multisector governance in responding to the health and social aspects of the pandemic, as well as the rapid roll-out of several public health functions and emergency care. However, we found weak maintenance of essential health services and ad hoc, short-lived efforts for community engagement.Critical enablers that helped steward the response across complex power-sharing arrangements included solidarity across society, collaborative data-driven decision-making, leveraging of siloed domestic resources and private sector coordination. At the same time, a more PHC-centric response was constrained by weak political prioritisation of essential health services, uneven services, weak direction to civil society volunteerism for community engagement and weak regulation of private sector contribution.We conclude that a mindset shift is required from short-term tactical measures to long-term investment in PHC-oriented transformative stewardship. Future preparedness must build attention to essential service package for emergencies, mobilisation of both private and public primary care providers, effective community engagement vision across societal actors and market regulation, within a collaborative governance framework.}, }
@article {pmid39800240, year = {2025}, author = {Sánchez, SV and Otavalo, GN and Gazeau, F and Silva, AKA and Morales, JO}, title = {Intranasal delivery of extracellular vesicles: A promising new approach for treating neurological and respiratory disorders.}, journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society}, volume = {379}, number = {}, pages = {489-523}, doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.01.018}, pmid = {39800240}, issn = {1873-4995}, mesh = {*Extracellular Vesicles ; Administration, Intranasal ; Humans ; Animals ; *Nervous System Diseases/therapy ; Drug Delivery Systems ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles secreted by all types of cells, including bacteria, animals, and plants. These vesicles contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids from their parent cells and can transfer these components between cells. EVs have attracted attention for their potential use in diagnosis and therapy due to their natural properties, such as low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. They can also be engineered to carry therapeutic molecules. EVs can be delivered via various routes. The intranasal route is particularly advantageous for delivering them to the central nervous system, making it a promising approach for treating neurological disorders.<br><br>SCOPE OF REVIEW: This review delves into the promising potential of intranasally administered EVs-based therapies for various medical conditions, with a particular focus on those affecting the brain and central nervous system. Additionally, the potential use of these therapies for pulmonary conditions, cancer, and allergies is examined, offering a hopeful outlook for the future of medical treatments.<br><br>MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: The intranasal administration of EVs offers significant advantages over other delivery methods. By directly delivering EVs to the brain, specifically targeting areas that have been injured, this administration proves to be highly efficient and effective, providing reassurance about the progress in medical treatments. Intranasal delivery is not limited to brain-related conditions. It can also benefit other organs like the lungs and stimulate a mucosal immune response against various pathogens due to the highly vascularized nature of the nasal cavity and airways. Moreover, it has the added benefit of minimizing toxicity to non-targeted organs and allows the EVs to remain longer in the body. As a result, there is a growing emphasis on conducting clinical trials for intranasal administration of EVs, particularly in treating respiratory tract pathologies such as coronavirus disease.}, }
@article {pmid39799521, year = {2025}, author = {James, S and Saiyed, M and James, O and Gokalani, R and Paterson, M and Mehta, KM and Klatman, E and Craft, J and Mehta, R}, title = {Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes' Clinical Outcomes and Satisfaction Related to the Use of Videoconferencing for Type 1 Diabetes Healthcare: A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders}, volume = {16}, number = {3}, pages = {329-348}, pmid = {39799521}, issn = {1869-6953}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Young adulthood is well documented as being a particularly challenging area of type 1 diabetes (T1D) healthcare. Many young adults with T1D (YAT1D) are distracted from effective disease self-management; T1D healthcare service engagement can be problematic and inconsistent, and high rates of unplanned healthcare contacts prevail. Video conferencing use can facilitate services to be flexible and responsive. We aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes and satisfaction related to the use of videoconferencing for T1D healthcare in YAT1D.<br><br>METHODS: A quantitative narrative review was undertaken, using a systematic process. PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL were searched (until August 2023) to identify relevant articles, using Medical Subject Headings and keywords. A total of 12 records (eight studies) from four countries were retrieved.<br><br>RESULTS: Ten records considered clinical outcomes; eight of these records focused on the effectiveness of videoconferencing as part of routine care. Findings largely demonstrate benefits to glycaemic control, particularly when used during the COVID-19 pandemic; no data were available relating to the impact of videoconferencing use on blood pressure and lipid control in YAT1D. Four records considered satisfaction with use of videoconferencing, with data indicating YAT1D were satisfied with the use of videoconferencing technology.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to configure T1D healthcare services to incorporate and offer use of videoconferencing technology, where applicable, appropriate and acceptable for YAT1D, and feasible and workable for service providers. This will require some adjustments from healthcare systems and possible changes to funding mechanisms.}, }
@article {pmid39799084, year = {2025}, author = {Wong, KT and Hooi, YT and Tan, SH and Ong, KC}, title = {Emerging and re-emerging viral infections of the central nervous system in Australasia and beyond.}, journal = {Pathology}, volume = {57}, number = {2}, pages = {230-240}, doi = {10.1016/j.pathol.2024.11.003}, pmid = {39799084}, issn = {1465-3931}, mesh = {Humans ; Australasia/epidemiology ; Animals ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Australia/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; *Central Nervous System Viral Diseases/epidemiology/virology ; }, abstract = {Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) have been emerging and re-emerging worldwide, and the Australasia region has not been spared. Enterovirus A71 and enterovirus D68, both human enteroviruses, are likely to replace the soon-to-be eradicated poliovirus to cause global outbreaks associated with neurological disease. Although prevalent elsewhere, the newly emergent orthoflavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (genotype IV), caused human infections in Australia in 2021, and almost certainly will continue to do so because of spillovers from the natural animal host-vector life cycle endemic in the country. Another orthoflavivirus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, has re-emerged in Australia. The Hendra henipavirus together with Nipah henipavirus are listed as high-risk pathogens by the World Health Organization because both can cause lethal encephalitis. The former remains a health threat in Australasia because bats may still be able to spread the infection to unvaccinated Australian horses and other animals acting as intermediate hosts, and thence to humans. The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, a virus transmitted from animals to humans that was first described and first arose in China, is associated with acute and long-lasting CNS pathology. Fortunately, the pathology and pathogenesis of these important neurotropic viruses are now better understood, leading to better management protocols and prevention strategies. Pathologists are in a unique position to contribute to the diagnosis and advancement in our knowledge of infectious diseases. This review summarises some of the current knowledge about a few important emerging and re-emerging CNS infections in Australasia and beyond.}, }
@article {pmid39798708, year = {2025}, author = {Chen, H and Wang, Q and Zhu, J and Zhu, Y and Yang, F and Hui, J and Tang, X and Zhang, T}, title = {Protective and risk factors of anxiety in children and adolescents during COVID-19: A systematic review and three level meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {374}, number = {}, pages = {408-432}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2025.01.029}, pmid = {39798708}, issn = {1573-2517}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology ; Child ; Adolescent ; Risk Factors ; *Anxiety/psychology/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Protective Factors ; Male ; Female ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In order to gain a deepened understanding of the impact of public health emergency and to develop effective interventions and preventions, this study aimed to evaluate risk and protective factors associated with anxiety in children and adolescents and to explore potential moderators in the background of COVID-19 within the framework of socio-ecological model.<br><br>METHODS: A literature search was conducted in Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Emerald, and CNKI for studies published from early 2020 to early 2023 that examined factors associated with anxiety among children and adolescents with age range of 6 to 17&#xa0;years old. Random effects models and a three-level meta-analytic approach were used.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 141 articles and 1,018,171 subjects were included, with 1002 effect sizes extracted. 32 protective factors and 48 risk factors were examined, yielding significance for 14 protective factors and 29 risk factors, including individual factors (e.g., gender, logOR&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.37, 95&#xa0;% CI [-0.47, -0.27], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001; age, logOR&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.12, 95&#xa0;% CI [-0.22, -0.02], p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.02; emotional functioning, logOR&#xa0;=&#xa0;-1.45, 95&#xa0;% CI [-1.84, -1.05], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001; pre-existing condition logOR&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.94, 95&#xa0;% CI [0.58, 1.30], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001; electronic device or internet addiction, logOR&#xa0;=&#xa0;1.81, 95&#xa0;% CI [0.74, 2.88], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001), family factors (e.g., family socioeconomic status, logOR&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.25, 95&#xa0;% CI [-0.39, -0.10], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001; family functioning, logOR&#xa0;=&#xa0;-1.31, 95&#xa0;% CI [-1.60, -1.02], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001; anxiety level of caregiver, logOR&#xa0;=&#xa0;1.06, 95&#xa0;% CI [0.75, 1.37], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001), community factors (e.g., overall social support, logOR&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.93, 95&#xa0;% CI [-1.84, -1.05], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001; school burden, logOR&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.56, 95&#xa0;% CI [0.21, 0.90], p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.002), and COVID-19-related factors (e.g., higher exposure risk in local community or city, logOR&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.48, 95&#xa0;% CI [0.17, 0.78], p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.002; distant learning, logOR&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.73, 95&#xa0;% CI [0.19, 1.28], p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.008; COVID-19-related distress, logOR&#xa0;=&#xa0;1.42, 95&#xa0;% CI [0.55, 2.29], p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.001;). The majority of studies showed no publication bias. Age group moderated the relationship between gender and level of anxiety (F (1,96)&#xa0;=&#xa0;4.42, p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.038), and no other moderator showed significance.<br><br>LIMITATIONS: This study does not reveal causality but correlation in nature, and our findings should be interpretated with caution.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Public health emergencies could bring challenges to the mental health of children and adolescents. Prevention and intervention strategies for children and adolescents with high risks, and family-based and community-based programs should be encouraged to buffer the adverse impact on children and adolescents. This study has been prospectively registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022316746).}, }
@article {pmid39797615, year = {2025}, author = {Pham, PTT and Thai, TT and Huynh, HKM and Nguyen, LTN and Nguyen, ATT and Duong, MHT and Bui, HHT}, title = {Association of smartphone and internet addiction with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {The International journal of social psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {207640241311856}, doi = {10.1177/00207640241311856}, pmid = {39797615}, issn = {1741-2854}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Excessive use of smartphones and the Internet can lead to addiction and may increase the risk of developing mental disorders, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the existing literature reporting the impact of smartphone and Internet addiction on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was performed on two databases, PubMed and EMBASE, following the PRISMA guidelines to identify articles conducted from December 2019 when the COVID-19 pandemic began to emerge. Studies were selected based on pre-defined criteria and assessed for quality before inclusion in the meta-analysis. The main effect estimate gathered from eligible studies was the odds ratio, which was computed using the random-effects model.<br><br>RESULTS: Our findings demonstrated significant associations between Internet addiction and depression (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.09, 95% CI [3.28, 5.09]), Internet addiction and anxiety (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.08, 95% CI [2.08, 4.57]), smartphone addiction and depression (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.82, 95% CI [3.31, 4.40]), and smartphone addiction and anxiety (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.81, 95% CI [3.81, 6.07]) during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis underscores that Internet and smartphone addiction increases the likelihood of developing mental disorders in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the outbreak of infectious diseases, it is imperative for nations to not only address economic and educational challenges but also prioritize the mental well-being of their citizens.}, }
@article {pmid39797362, year = {2025}, author = {Babata, K and Sultana, R and Hascoët, JM and Albert, R and Chan, C and Mazzarella, K and Muhamed, T and Yeo, KT and Kong, JY and Brion, LP}, title = {Neonatal Feeding Practices and SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Neonates with Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39797362}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Background: The risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection from the mother's own milk (MoM) in neonates who are exposed to maternal SARS-CoV-2 during the perinatal period remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review to assess the association between MoM feeding and neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates who were born to SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant persons. Methods: PubMed Central and Google Scholar were searched for studies published by 14 March 2024 that reported neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection by feeding type. This search, including Scopus, was updated on 17 December 2024. The primary outcome was neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. The meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model with two planned subgroup analyses: time of maternal PCR testing (at admission vs. previous 2 weeks) and dyad handling (isolation vs. some precautions vs. variable/NA). Results: The primary outcome was available in both arms of nine studies, including 5572 neonates who received MoM and 2215 who received no MoM. The GRADE rating was low quality, because the studies were observational (cohorts). The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection was similar in both arms (2.7% MoM vs. 2.2% no MoM), with a common risk ratio of 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.44, 1.53, p = 0.54). No significant differences were observed in the subgroup analyses. Limitations include observational and incomplete data, other possible infection sources, small sample sizes for subgroup analyses, and neonates with more than one feeding type. Conclusions: Feeding MoM was not associated with an increased risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection among neonates who were born to mothers with perinatal infection. These data, along with reports showing a lack of active replicating SARS-CoV-2 virus in MoM, further support women with perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection feeding MoM. Registration: PROSPERO ID CRD42021268576.}, }
@article {pmid39797298, year = {2025}, author = {Pelouze, A and Massias, S and El Manser, D and Koeltz, A and Balram Christophe, PS and Soualhi, M and Licker, M}, title = {The Management of Postpartum Cardiorespiratory Failure in a Patient with COVID-19 and Sickle Cell Trait Requiring Extraorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support and Airflight Transportation.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39797298}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Acute cardiovascular disorders are incriminated in up to 33% of maternal deaths, and the presence of sickle cell anemia (SCA) aggravates the risk of peripartum complications. Herein, we present a 24-year-old Caribbean woman with known SCA who developed a vaso-occlusive crisis at 36 weeks of gestation that required emergency Cesarean section. In the early postpartum period, she experienced fever with rapid onset of acute respiratory distress in the context of COVID-19 infection that required tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilatory support with broad-spectrum antibiotics and blood exchange transfusion. Shortly thereafter, transthoracic echocardiography documented severe biventricular dysfunction associated with raising levels of cardiac troponin and ECG signs of myocardial ischemia. Medical treatment with incremental dobutamine and noradrenaline infusion failed to improve cardiac output and blood gas exchange. After consultation with the regional cardiac center, a prompt decision was made to provide cardiac and respiratory support via implantation of femoral cannula and initiation of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO, Cardiohelp[®]). Under stable ECMO, the patient was transferred by helicopter to a specialized cardiac center. There were no signs of ongoing hemolysis, and progressive recovery of the right and left ventricular function facilitated forward blood flow through the aortic valve. Three days after implantation, ECMO was weaned, and the cannula were removed. One day later, the patient's chest X-rays showed partial resolution of lung edema. The patient was successfully extubated, and non-invasive ventilation with pulmonary rehabilitation was initiated to speed up her functional recovery.}, }
@article {pmid39796804, year = {2024}, author = {Kakegawa, K and Matsuda, T}, title = {Challenges and Prospects of Sensing Technology for the Promotion of Tele-Physiotherapy: A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39796804}, issn = {1424-8220}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Telemedicine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Physical Therapy Modalities ; Pandemics ; Monitoring, Physiologic/methods ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Deep Learning ; }, abstract = {Significant developments in sensing technology have had many impacts, enhancing monitoring and assessment accuracy across diverse fields. In the field of physical therapy, sensing, which plays a pivotal role in tele-physiotherapy, rapidly expanded amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Its primary objective is to monitor biological signals and patient movements at remote locations. To further enhance the effectiveness and the scope of tele-physiotherapy, it is essential to further develop sensing and data analysis technologies. However, there are usability and analysis issues that have limited its use. The development of these technologies will not only enhance the accuracy of deep learning by AI through the acquisition of big data, but also has the potential to elucidate movement characteristics associated with movement disorders or pathological conditions. Furthermore, improving sensing technologies can broaden applications extending beyond tele-physiotherapy to impact daily life. Looking forward, it holds promise for improving our understanding of disease prognosis and progression.}, }
@article {pmid39796262, year = {2025}, author = {Pöpperl, P and Stoff, M and Beineke, A}, title = {Alveolar Macrophages in Viral Respiratory Infections: Sentinels and Saboteurs of Lung Defense.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39796262}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {398066876/GRK 2485/2//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 491094227//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; }, mesh = {*Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology/virology ; Humans ; Animals ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology/virology ; *Virus Diseases/immunology/virology ; *Lung/immunology/virology ; }, abstract = {Respiratory viral infections continue to cause pandemic and epidemic outbreaks in humans and animals. Under steady-state conditions, alveolar macrophages (AlvMϕ) fulfill a multitude of tasks in order to maintain tissue homeostasis. Due to their anatomic localization within the deep lung, AlvMϕ are prone to detect and react to inhaled viruses and thus play a role in the early pathogenesis of several respiratory viral infections. Here, detection of viral pathogens causes diverse antiviral and proinflammatory reactions. This fact not only makes them promising research targets, but also suggests them as potential targets for therapeutic and prophylactic approaches. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge about the role of AlvMϕ in respiratory viral infections of humans and animals.}, }
@article {pmid39796218, year = {2025}, author = {Yip, JMX and Chiang, GSH and Lee, ICJ and Lehming-Teo, R and Dai, K and Dongol, L and Wang, LY and Teo, D and Seah, GT and Lehming, N}, title = {Mitochondria and the Repurposing of Diabetes Drugs for Off-Label Health Benefits.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39796218}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {A-8000724-00-00//Ministry of Education/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Drug Repositioning ; *Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *Mitochondria/metabolism/drug effects ; COVID-19/virology/metabolism ; Metformin/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Off-Label Use ; *Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy ; }, abstract = {This review describes our current understanding of the role of the mitochondria in the repurposing of the anti-diabetes drugs metformin, gliclazide, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors for additional clinical benefits regarding unhealthy aging, long COVID, mental neurogenerative disorders, and obesity. Metformin, the most prominent of these diabetes drugs, has been called the "Drug of Miracles and Wonders," as clinical trials have found it to be beneficial for human patients suffering from these maladies. To promote viral replication in all infected human cells, SARS-CoV-2 stimulates the infected liver cells to produce glucose and to export it into the blood stream, which can cause diabetes in long COVID patients, and metformin, which reduces the levels of glucose in the blood, was shown to cut the incidence rate of long COVID in half for all patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2. Metformin leads to the phosphorylation of the AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK, which accelerates the import of glucose into cells via the glucose transporter GLUT4 and switches the cells to the starvation mode, counteracting the virus. Diabetes drugs also stimulate the unfolded protein response and thus mitophagy, which is beneficial for healthy aging and mental health. Diabetes drugs were also found to mimic exercise and help to reduce body weight.}, }
@article {pmid39795977, year = {2024}, author = {Kierbiedź-Guzik, N and Sozańska, B}, title = {The Molecular Basis of Asthma Exacerbations Triggered by Viral Infections: The Role of Specific miRNAs.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39795977}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Humans ; *MicroRNAs/genetics ; *Asthma/genetics/virology/etiology ; *Virus Diseases/complications/genetics ; Disease Progression ; Biomarkers ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/complications/virology/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; }, abstract = {Viral respiratory infections are a significant clinical problem among the pediatric population and are one of the leading causes of hospitalization. Most often, upper respiratory tract infections are self-limiting. Still, those that involve the lower respiratory tract are usually associated with asthma exacerbations, leading to worsening or even the initiation of the disease. A key role in regulating the immune response and inflammation during viral infections and their impact on the progression of asthma has been demonstrated for miRNA molecules (microRNA). Their interaction with mRNA (messenger RNA) regulates gene expression in innate and acquired immune responses, making them valuable biomarkers for diagnostics, monitoring, and predicting asthma exacerbations. The following paper presents changes in the expression of miRNAs during the five most common viral infections causing asthma worsening, with particular emphasis on the pediatric population. In addition, we describe the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs influence the pathogenesis of viral infection, immune responses, and asthma exacerbations. These molecules represent promising targets for future innovative therapeutic strategies, paving the way for developing personalized medicine for patients with viral-induced asthma exacerbations.}, }
@article {pmid39795908, year = {2024}, author = {Luzak, B and Golanski, J and Rozalski, M}, title = {Complex Pattern of Platelet Activation/Reactivity After SARS-CoV-2 Infection.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39795908}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {503/6-020-01/503-61-001//Medical University of Lodz, Poland/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/blood/complications/virology ; *Platelet Activation ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Blood Platelets/metabolism/virology ; Platelet Function Tests/methods ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 and post-COVID (long COVID) are associated with thromboembolic complications; however, it is still not clear whether platelets play a leading role in this phenomenon. The platelet hyperreactivity could result from the direct interaction between platelets and viral elements or the response to inflammatory and prothrombotic factors released from blood and vessel cells following infection. The existing literature does not provide clear-cut answers, as the results determining platelet status vary according to methodology. Elevated levels of soluble markers of platelet activation (P selectin, PF4), increased platelet aggregates, and platelet-derived microparticles suggest the activation of platelets circulating in the bloodstream of COVID-19 patients. Similarly, platelets isolated from COVID-19 patients demonstrate increased reactivity in response to collagen, thrombin, and ADP. By contrast, an analysis of whole blood from COVID-19 patients indicates the reduced activation of the fibrinogen receptor. Similarly, some in vitro studies report potential targets for SARS-CoV-2 in platelets, whereas others do not indicate any direct effect of the virus on platelets. The aim of this work is to review and evaluate the reliability of the methodology for testing platelet function after contact with SARS-CoV-2. Despite the diversity of methods yielding varying results and the influence of plasma components or blood cells, it can be concluded that platelets play an important role in the development of thrombotic complications after exposure to SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid39794224, year = {2025}, author = {Liu, F and Pilleron, S and Pinker, I}, title = {Exploring the status of online social support for older adults with cancer: A scoping review.}, journal = {Journal of geriatric oncology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {102182}, doi = {10.1016/j.jgo.2024.102182}, pmid = {39794224}, issn = {1879-4076}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The number of new cancer cases among older adults is rising, yet their social support needs remain unmet due to diminishing social networks with age. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, online technologies have provided increased opportunities for social support for this demographic via digital platforms such as online peer support groups, online communities, and chat rooms. This scoping review explores the current state of the use of online social support for older adults with cancer.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: This scoping review was based on the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework with the extension proposed by Levac and colleagues. The protocol was registered on Open Science Framework (OSF). PubMed, Elsevier Embase (including Medline), and EBSCO CINAHL Complete were searched to identify eligible studies. The review findings were presented in a narrative synthesis.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 6542 references, we included three studies. Two studies investigated older patients' preferences for different types of peer support through surveys and questionnaires, and the third examined the feasibility of an online platform for older women with breast cancer. Barriers identified include a lower interest and familiarity, sense of involvement, and emotional impact of a new diagnosis. However, factors such as socio-demographic characteristics and positive motivation for using online peer support act as facilitators.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This scoping review is the first to examine the literature on online social support specifically for older adults with cancer, revealing a paucity of research. Further research is required to understand the potential need and interest in online social support for this population, especially as technology becomes more integrated into daily life post-COVID.}, }
@article {pmid39793880, year = {2025}, author = {Szarek, JL and Guilding, C and Maxwell, S}, title = {Transforming pharmacology education: Insights from the pharmacology education project in the era of digital learning.}, journal = {European journal of pharmacology}, volume = {989}, number = {}, pages = {177258}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177258}, pmid = {39793880}, issn = {1879-0712}, mesh = {*Pharmacology/education ; Humans ; COVID-19 ; *Education, Distance/methods ; }, abstract = {The IUPHAR Education Section's Pharmacology Education Project (PEP; www.pharmacologyeducation.org) provides an open-access, peer-reviewed platform to support pharmacology education globally. Launched in 2016, PEP offers a comprehensive range of freely accessible, peer-reviewed resources, including extensive topic summaries with links to videos, slide sets, and other media curated by pharmacologists and catering to diverse learners' needs. This paper provides an update on PEP's growth, providing analytics on user engagement and feedback. The platform averages 20,000 visits per month, with a peak of 50,000 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Engagement rates are approximately 40%, indicating robust interaction with the content. Feedback from 115 users spanning 31 countries praises the quality and quantity of PEP's resources and the ease of navigation through the website. Comparisons with traditional resources used in pharmacology education highlight PEP's advantages in accessibility and peer review. Examples of the use of PEP in education are provided, emphasizing active and self-directed learning methodologies. The discussion includes challenges in maintaining and expanding the platform, such as funding and content curation, and outlines strategies for sustainable development, including the role that artificial intelligence may play. PEP is a valuable resource in contemporary pharmacology education and plays a vital role in advancing the field globally.}, }
@article {pmid39793728, year = {2025}, author = {Okda, M and Spina, S and Safaee Fakhr, B and Carroll, RW}, title = {The antimicrobial effects of nitric oxide: A narrative review.}, journal = {Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry}, volume = {155}, number = {}, pages = {20-40}, doi = {10.1016/j.niox.2025.01.001}, pmid = {39793728}, issn = {1089-8611}, mesh = {*Nitric Oxide/pharmacology ; Humans ; Animals ; *Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Fungi/drug effects ; }, abstract = {Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile endogenous molecule with multiple physiological roles, including neurotransmission, vasodilation, and immune regulation. As part of the immune response, NO exerts antimicrobial effects by producing reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These RNS combat pathogens via mechanisms such as DNA deamination, S-nitrosylation of thiol groups, and lipid peroxidation, leading to disruptions in microbial cell membranes and vital protein functions. Due to these broad actions, NO targets many pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, with minimal risk of resistance development. Given its potent antimicrobial properties, the therapeutic potential of exogenous NO has been recently studied. Various preparations, such as NO donors, inhaled gaseous NO, and topical preparations, have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical settings. This literature review examines the antimicrobial effects of exogenous NO reported in in vitro studies, animal models, and human clinical trials. We provide an overview of the mechanisms by which NO exerts its antimicrobial activity, highlighting its efficacy against diverse pathogens. By presenting the current findings, we aim to contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of NO as a versatile antimicrobial agent in clinical practice.}, }
@article {pmid39793407, year = {2025}, author = {Rezania, S and Miri, S and Cho, J and Hur, J and Kamyab, H and Darajeh, N and Mohammadi, AA and Molani, F and Taghavijeloudar, M}, title = {Microplastic pollution in the marine environment: Distribution factors and mitigation strategies in different oceans.}, journal = {Journal of contaminant hydrology}, volume = {269}, number = {}, pages = {104496}, doi = {10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104496}, pmid = {39793407}, issn = {1873-6009}, mesh = {*Microplastics/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; Seawater/chemistry ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {As the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020, plastic usage spiked, and microplastic (MP) generation has increased dramatically. It is documented that MP can transfer from the source to the ocean environment where they accumulate as the destination. Therefore, it is essential to understand their transferring pathways and effective environmental factors to determine the distribution of MPs in the marine environment. This article reviews the environmental factors that affect MP distribution in the oceans including abiotic such as ocean currents and wind direction, physical/chemical and biological reactions of MPs, natural sinking, particle size and settling velocity, and biotic including biofouling, and incorporation in fecal material. It was found that velocity and physical shearing are the most important parameters for MP accumulation in the deep ocean. Besides, this review proposes different research-based, national-level, and global-level strategies for the mitigation of MPs after the pandemic. Based on the findings, the level of MP pollution in the oceans is directly correlated to coastal areas with high populations, particularly in African and Asian countries. Future studies should focus on establishing predictive models based on the movement and distribution of MPs to mitigate the levels of pollution.}, }
@article {pmid39792961, year = {2025}, author = {Prasad, R and Ghosh, A and Patel, V and Peng, B and Mendes, BB and Win, EHA and Delogu, LG and Wong, JY and Pischel, KJ and Bellare, JR and Bar-Shir, A and Thakor, AS and Parak, WJ and Bhujwalla, ZM and Zhang, YS and Kommineni, N and Rotello, VM and Cai, W and Lammers, T and Odom, TW and Padmanaban, G and Peer, D and Lovell, JF and Srivastava, R and Langer, R and Conde, J}, title = {Voices of Nanomedicine: Blueprint Guidelines for Collaboration in Addressing Global Unmet Medical Needs.}, journal = {ACS nano}, volume = {19}, number = {3}, pages = {2979-2991}, doi = {10.1021/acsnano.4c13513}, pmid = {39792961}, issn = {1936-086X}, support = {T32 CA009120/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {*Nanomedicine/methods ; Humans ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Global Health ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Cooperative Behavior ; }, abstract = {The "Voices" under this Perspective underline the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and partnerships across several disciplines, such as medical science and technology, medicine, bioengineering, and computational approaches, in bridging the gap between research, manufacturing, and clinical applications. Effective communication is key to bridging team gaps, enhancing trust, and resolving conflicts, thereby fostering teamwork and individual growth toward shared goals. Drawing from the success of the COVID-19 vaccine development, we advocate the application of similar collaborative models in other complex health areas such as nanomedicine and biomedical engineering. The role of digital technology and big data in healthcare innovation is highlighted along with the necessity for specialized education in collaborative practices. This approach is decisive in advancing healthcare solutions, leading to improved treatment and patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39792714, year = {2025}, author = {Badillo-Sánchez, N and Gómez-Salgado, J and Allande-Cussó, R and Yildirim, M and López-López, D and Goniewicz, K and Prieto-Callejero, B and Fagundo-Rivera, J}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Nursing students: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {104}, number = {2}, pages = {e40797}, pmid = {39792714}, issn = {1536-5964}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Students, Nursing/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Mental Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Anxiety/epidemiology ; Depression/epidemiology ; Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Fear/psychology ; Prevalence ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is an increased prevalence of mental health problems in various population groups as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, especially regarding anxiety, stress, depression, fear, and sleep disturbances, require to be investigated longitudinally.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the mental health of Nursing students, as well as to examine other associated factors such as anxiety, fear, sleep disturbances, and coping strategies.<br><br>METHOD: This systematic review and meta-analysis were designed following the PRISMA guidelines and were registered in PROSPERO with code CRD42024541904. PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus electronic databases were utilized. Keywords indexed in the MeSH thesaurus were used (COVID-19, nurs* student and mental health), following the Condition Context Population (CoCoPop) strategy. A total of 3866 studies were obtained of which 36 were selected for inclusion in the review. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the selected studies, all of which were cross-sectional, finally including those with a cutoff point equal to or greater than 4 out of 8.<br><br>RESULTS: The prevalence of total anxiety was found to be 33.6% in the meta-analysis. For depression, the prevalence was 37.92%, and for stress, it was 52.46%. The results of this study show increased levels of stress, anxiety, depression, fear, and sleep disturbances among Nursing students that coincide with the different waves of the pandemic, changes in the study methodology, and the increase or decrease in reports of cases of infection. A relationship is observed between variations in these variables and the implementation of protective measures and vaccinations in different countries.<br><br>CONCLUSION: As the pandemic progressed, hygiene and prevention measures became more effective, and the lethality of the virus decreased. The prevalence of the negative psychological effects also decreased from the onset in 2020 until the end of 2022. Due to the impact of the pandemic on global health, preventive measures should include personal, family, emotional, economic, educational, professional, and mental health approaches.}, }
@article {pmid39792310, year = {2025}, author = {Ho, MH and Lee, YW and Wang, L}, title = {Estimated prevalence of post-intensive care cognitive impairment at short-term and long-term follow-ups: a proportional meta-analysis of observational studies.}, journal = {Annals of intensive care}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {3}, pmid = {39792310}, issn = {2110-5820}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Evidence of the overall estimated prevalence of post-intensive care cognitive impairment among critically ill survivors discharged from intensive care units at short-term and long-term follow-ups is lacking. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the post-intensive care cognitive impairment at time to < 1 month, 1 to 3 month(s), 4 to 6 months, 7-12 months, and > 12 months discharged from intensive care units.<br><br>METHODS: Electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO via ProQuest were searched from inception through July 2024. Studies that reported on cognitive impairment among patients discharged from intensive care units with valid measures were included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently for all included studies according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guidelines. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to measure risk of bias. Data on cognitive impairment prevalence were pooled using a random-effects model.&#xa0;The primary outcome was pooled estimated proportions of prevalence of the post-intensive care cognitive impairment.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 58 studies involving 347,940 patients were included. The pooled post-intensive care cognitive impairment prevalence rates at the follow-up timepoints&#x2009;<&#x2009;1&#xa0;month, 1-3&#xa0;month(s), 4-6&#xa0;months, 7-12&#xa0;months,&#x2009;>&#x2009;12&#xa0;months were 49.8% [95% Prediction Interval (PI), 39.9%-59.7%, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;19], 45.1% (95% PI, 34.8%-55.5%, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;23), 47.9% (95% PI, 35.9%-60.0%, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;16), 28.3% (95% PI, 19.9%-37.6%, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;19), and 30.4% (95% PI, 18.4%-43.9%, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;7), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that significant differences of the prevalence rates between continents and study designs were observed.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rates of post-intensive care cognitive impairment differed at different follow-up timepoints. The rates were highest within the first three months of follow-up, with a pooled prevalence of 49.8% at less than one month, 45.1% at one to three months, and 47.9% at three to six months. No significant differences in prevalence rates between studies that only included coronavirus disease 2019 survivors. These fundings highlight the need for further research to develop targeted interventions to prevent or manage cognitive impairment at short-term and long-term follow-ups.}, }
@article {pmid39792199, year = {2025}, author = {Mirza, AA and Almalki, AH and AlMubarak, Z and Spiegel, JL and Dahm, V and Lin, VY}, title = {Analytical review of facial nerve palsy following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: comprehensive assessment.}, journal = {European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {39792199}, issn = {1434-4726}, abstract = {PURPOSE: The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has reduced COVID-19 infection, though facial nerve palsy (FNP) has emerged as a notable side effect of the vaccine. We evaluated the current literature on the clinical presentation and outcomes of FNP related to COVID-19 vaccination.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive search of seven databases was conducted for studies up to January 2023. We included individually reported patients on FNP following COVID-19 vaccination, while cases with co-existing neurological disorders or secondary causes of FNP were excluded. Pooled descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted, with prognostic factors evaluated through regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 33 studies were included, with data from 52 patients who developed post-COVID-19 vaccination FNP (PV-FNP). Most cases (71%) followed mRNA vaccines, primarily occurring after the first dose and within the first week post-vaccination. Nearly all cases (98%) were unilateral, with Grade III palsy being most common. Complete recovery was achieved in 55% of patients, significantly lower than pre-pandemic rate (83%). A longer latency period was associated with a reduced likelihood of full recovery, and females experienced faster recovery compared to males.<br><br>CONCLUSION: FNP following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination tends to present as mild and unilateral, with a lower full recovery rate compared to pre-pandemic cases. Symptoms often develop within the first week after vaccination, and earlier symptom onset is associated with a higher likelihood of full recovery. Recognizing these patterns provides valuable guidance for clinicians in counseling patients about prognosis and managing follow-up care effectively.}, }
@article {pmid39792097, year = {2025}, author = {Murphie, P and Scott, Y and Watt, B and Paton, R and Stewart, K and McGill, S and Jardine, S and Shearer, S and Duncan, J}, title = {Developing structured clinical review templates in an integrated respiratory team during COVID-19: a qualitative review.}, journal = {British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)}, volume = {34}, number = {1}, pages = {50-55}, doi = {10.12968/bjon.2025.0270}, pmid = {39792097}, issn = {2052-2819}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/nursing ; *Qualitative Research ; *Patient Care Team ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in March 2020 and required adherence to infection control measures and patient and staff safety, an integrated respiratory team (IRT) developed guideline-based templates to support the team in teleconsultation reviews of their patients. Patients had been diagnosed with sleep disordered breathing, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, interstitial lung disease or had oxygen assessment needs.<br><br>METHODS: Nine IRT members collaboratively developed content for the templates to assist in clinical reviews. In February 2023 semi-structured interviews were conducted and recorded with eight of the IRT members using Microsoft Teams, then thematically analysed.<br><br>RESULTS: Qualitative analysis revealed 13 themes. The templates were considered time-saving and advantageous in teleconsultation reviews. They supported evidence-based, structured, and consistent reviews. They were felt to uphold patient safety, supporting knowledge and skills. IRT members reported the templates had no adverse effects on autonomy, patient-professional relationships or person-centred care. They facilitated good multidisciplinary team working and communication. One interviewee reported that the templates supported the Nursing and Midwifery Council Code.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The templates continue to be used across the regional service by the IRT. Their benefit has been realised beyond the pandemic. Refinements will be made as guidelines are updated. The development of these innovative templates may be of interest and value to other respiratory teams.}, }
@article {pmid39791639, year = {2024}, author = {Munteanu, A and Lighezan, DF and Rosca, MS and Otiman, G and Nicoraș, VA and Nistor, D and Kundnani, NR and Dinu, AR and Rosca, CI}, title = {The Family Doctor in the "COVID-19 Era".}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39791639}, issn = {2227-9032}, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, the most severe pandemic in recent human history, found healthcare systems around the world more or less unprepared. Adjusting to this challenge involved changes in the daily routines of healthcare systems, as well as the patients, once again highlighting the importance of primary care (family physician or general practitioner). In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the family doctor in Romania played a crucial role in patient management, rapidly adapting to the changes and challenges imposed by the state of emergency. Their involvement quickly evolved from in-person consultations to online assessments, as they took on responsibilities such as monitoring patients in isolation or quarantine and issuing necessary medical leaves. Moreover, family doctors were directly involved in the COVID-19 vaccination process, facing challenges related to access to scheduling platforms and limited resources of protective equipment. Although they were on the front line of the healthcare response, recognition through incentives or compensations came late and incompletely, and their efforts in combating the pandemic were often overlooked. Designating family doctors' offices as public utility medical units (regardless of their organisational form) and supporting their activities through increased equipment and medical devices provided by local or central authorities are the keys to fighting for human lives in critical situations. Implementing clear and universal rules regarding the competencies (skills) and duties of family doctors, both in normal life situations and in exceptional circumstances, is of utmost importance. Little is known about the dedicated work and dedication of family physicians to their patients. Few studies have been carried out on the activity of the family doctor and their professional difficulties during the pandemic period. Some studies, on a small number of subjects, tried to evaluate the psychological adaptation of the family doctor to the new epidemiological situation. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the difficulties to which family doctors had to adapt, comparing the data from the Romanian medical system with those discovered in the medical literature regarding family doctors from all over the world.}, }
@article {pmid39791080, year = {2024}, author = {Spira, B}, title = {Reevaluating Mask Effectiveness: Insights From Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Trials.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {16}, number = {12}, pages = {e75455}, pmid = {39791080}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, masks were widely promoted and mandated as a key measure to help reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. These policies were primarily informed by laboratory evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of particle filtration, alongside observational studies. While several meta-analyses have indicated that masks may contribute to reducing viral transmission, many of these analyses rely heavily on observational data. There also appears to be a trend where the inclusion of more randomized controlled trials in a meta-analysis is associated with a lower estimate of mask effectiveness. It is important to recognize that success in laboratory settings does not always directly translate to the same outcomes in clinical trials or real-world conditions. This phenomenon is often seen in drug development, where therapies with promising mechanistic evidence may not always perform as expected in trials. In this regard, masks share similarities with other interventions that, while theoretically sound, require further testing in varied contexts to fully assess their real-world impact.}, }
@article {pmid39789633, year = {2025}, author = {Zhao, F and Cong, X and Huang, X and Zheng, Y and Zhao, Q and Wen, Y and Wu, R and Du, S and Cao, S and Cong, F and Wang, Y}, title = {Interplay of swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus and the host intrinsic and innate immunity.}, journal = {Veterinary research}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {5}, pmid = {39789633}, issn = {1297-9716}, support = {24GJHZ0193//International Science and Technology Innovation and Cooperation Program of Sichuan Province Key Research and Development Project of China/ ; 2023M732508//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Animals ; *Alphacoronavirus/immunology ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/prevention &amp; control/veterinary/virology ; *Immunity, Innate ; *Swine/immunology/virology ; *Swine Diseases/immunology/prevention &amp; control/virology ; }, abstract = {Swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), a novel HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin, is a newly emerged swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes severe diarrhoea in piglets. SADS-CoV has a broad cell tropism with the capability to infect a wide variety of cells from human and diverse animals, which implicates its ability to hold high risks of cross-species transmission. The intracellular antiviral immunity, comprised of the intrinsic and innate immunity, represents the first line of host defence against viral infection prior to the onset of adaptive immunity. To date, there are no vaccines and drugs approved to prevent or treat SADS-CoV infection. Understanding of the mutual relationship between SADS-CoV infection and host immunity is crucial for the development of novel vaccines and drugs against SADS-CoV. Here, we review recent advancements in our understanding of the interplay between SADS-CoV infection and the host intrinsic and innate immunity. The extensive and in-depth investigation on their interactive relationship will contribute to the identification of new targets for developing intervention strategies to control SADS-CoV infection.}, }
@article {pmid39789592, year = {2025}, author = {Leung, WKC and Sum, RKW and Lam, SC}, title = {Relationships between perceived physical literacy and mental health in tertiary education students: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {117}, pmid = {39789592}, issn = {1471-2458}, support = {CRG2023/01//College Research Grant, Tung Wah College/ ; CRG2023/01//College Research Grant, Tung Wah College/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Health Literacy ; *Mental Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Quality of Life ; *Students/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Universities/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Physical literacy (PL) is "the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge, and understanding to value and take responsibility for engagement in physical activities for life". Recent evidence has shown that PL was associated with mental wellbeing in different populations, yet a comprehensive review examining the association between PL and mental health among tertiary education students was lacking. The aims of this scoping review were to rapidly map relevant evidence on the relationships between perceived PL and mental health in higher education students and to determine the feasibility and value of conducting a full systematic review in this research area.<br><br>METHODS: All primary studies (observational and experimental) examining the associations between PL and mental health in college/university/undergraduate students were included. Seven electronic databases, namely PubMed, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Medline, and SPORTDiscus, were searched from their inceptions through 30 September 2024. A narrative approach was adopted to synthesize results relevant to the study aims categorized based on mental health outcomes.<br><br>RESULTS: Seven observational studies (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;34,824) were included. Results showed that PL was positively correlated with better mental wellbeing, including greater quality of life, better subjective wellbeing, higher levels of life satisfaction, improved resilience, and greater compliance with sleep guideline, and negatively associated with psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) among university students. During the COVID-19 pandemic, PL was also shown to buffer university students' psychological distress, declines in quality of life and life satisfaction, as well as impaired sleep in the population.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Despite emerging research efforts to decipher the relationships between perceived PL and mental health in tertiary institution settings, further high-quality experimental studies are imperatively needed to guarantee the relevance of rigorous systemic reviews in the realm of university students' mental health.}, }
@article {pmid39789401, year = {2025}, author = {Khalid, K and Ahmad, F and Anwar, A and Ong, SK}, title = {A Bibliometric Analysis on Multi-epitope Vaccine Development Against SARS-CoV-2: Current Status, Development, and Future Directions.}, journal = {Molecular biotechnology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {39789401}, issn = {1559-0305}, abstract = {The etiological agent for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the SARS-CoV-2, caused a global pandemic. Although mRNA, viral-vectored, DNA, and recombinant protein vaccine candidates were effective against the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) reduced the protective efficacies of these vaccines. This necessitates the need for effective and accelerated vaccine development against mutated VOCs. The development of multi-epitope vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 based on in silico identification of highly conserved and immunogenic epitopes is a promising strategy for future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development. Considering the evolving landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have conducted a bibliometric analysis to consolidate current findings and research trends in multi-epitope vaccine development to provide insights for future vaccine development strategies. Analysis of 102 publications on multi-epitope vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 revealed significant growth and global collaboration, with India leading in the number of publications, along with an identification of the most prolific authors. Key journals included the Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, while top collaborations involved Pakistan-China and India-USA. Keyword analysis showed a prominent focus on immunoinformatics, epitope prediction, and spike glycoprotein. Advances in immunoinformatics, including AI-driven epitope prediction, offer promising avenues for the development of safe and effective multi-epitope vaccines. Immunogenicity may be further improved through nanoparticle-based systems or the use of adjuvants along with real-time genomic surveillance to tailor vaccines against emerging variants.}, }
@article {pmid39789343, year = {2025}, author = {Dal-Ré, R and García-Méndez, E and Mahillo-Fernández, I}, title = {Features and results availability of non-commercial Spanish COVID-19 trials: a systematic review of clinical trial registers and corresponding literature.}, journal = {European journal of clinical pharmacology}, volume = {81}, number = {3}, pages = {429-439}, pmid = {39789343}, issn = {1432-1041}, mesh = {Humans ; *Registries/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/therapy/epidemiology ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Spain/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to characterize non-commercial Spanish COVID-19 trials and to determine the availability of results. Differences in outcomes according to the interventions assessed (medicines, non-medicines) will also be determined.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review was conducted in March 2024 by searching non-commercial Spanish COVID-19 trials on four registers (EUCTR, Clinical.<br><br>TRIALS: gov, ISRCTN, DRKS) and the WHO ICTRP. Phase-1 medicines trials were excluded. Several variables were retrieved from registers. Publication of main trial results were searched on PubMed, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, and Google Scholar. Journals' impact factor and articles' citations on Google Scholar were also registered. Results from medicines and non-medicines trials extracted from registers and articles were compared.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 170 trials (57.1% medicines trials) were identified. These 170 trials were randomized (87.1%), masked (41.8%), or multicenter (39.4%); a total of 15,555 participants were enrolled, mostly in small trials (median, n&#x2009;=&#x2009;88). Only 8.8% (15/170) of trials posted results on the registers; only 47.6% (81/170) of trials had either published results or posted them on registers. Publications accounted for 92.6% (75/81) of these. Articles were published in 56 different journals, had a median impact factor of 4.4 and a median of 10 citations. Most (58.7%, 44/75) described negative results. There were statistically significant differences (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) between medicines and non-medicines trials on timely registration and on being multicenter. This was also the case among published trials with respect to negative results of the primary endpoint.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Although most trials were randomized, a minority were multicenter, large, or masked. Trial results should be posted on the registers to make them accessible to everyone.}, }
@article {pmid39789283, year = {2025}, author = {Hassan, YM and Mohamed, AS and Hassan, YM and El-Sayed, WM}, title = {Recent developments and future directions in point-of-care next-generation CRISPR-based rapid diagnosis.}, journal = {Clinical and experimental medicine}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {33}, pmid = {39789283}, issn = {1591-9528}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis/virology ; *CRISPR-Cas Systems ; *Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods/trends ; *Point-of-Care Testing/trends ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; }, abstract = {The demand for sensitive, rapid, and affordable diagnostic techniques has surged, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic, driving the development of CRISPR-based diagnostic tools that utilize Cas effector proteins (such as Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13) as viable alternatives to traditional nucleic acid-based detection methods. These CRISPR systems, often integrated with biosensing and amplification technologies, provide precise, rapid, and portable diagnostics, making on-site testing without the need for extensive infrastructure feasible, especially in underserved or rural areas. In contrast, traditional diagnostic methods, while still essential, are often limited by the need for costly equipment and skilled operators, restricting their accessibility. As a result, developing accessible, user-friendly solutions for at-home, field, and laboratory diagnostics has become a key focus in CRISPR diagnostic innovations. This review examines the current state of CRISPR-based diagnostics and their potential applications across a wide range of diseases, including cancers (e.g., colorectal and breast cancer), genetic disorders (e.g., sickle cell disease), and infectious diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, malaria, Zika virus, and human papillomavirus). Additionally, the integration of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the accuracy, scalability, and efficiency of CRISPR diagnostics is discussed, alongside the challenges of incorporating CRISPR technologies into point-of-care settings. The review also explores the potential for these cutting-edge tools to revolutionize disease diagnosis and personalized treatment in the future, while identifying the challenges and future directions necessary to address existing gaps in CRISPR-based diagnostic research.}, }
@article {pmid39788422, year = {2025}, author = {Pethő, &#xc1; and Dobi, D and Kardos, M and Schnabel, K}, title = {Unexpected renal side effects of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines; a single-center experience and short review.}, journal = {The American journal of the medical sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.amjms.2025.01.002}, pmid = {39788422}, issn = {1538-2990}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In late 2019, the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus disease 2019 a global emergency. Since then, many vaccines have been developed to combat the pandemic. Millions of people have received one of the approved COVID-19 vaccines; unfortunately, some adverse events also have been recorded.<br><br>METHODS: In the local health system, patients could get either mRNA vaccines (either Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna), adenoviral vector vaccine (AstraZeneca), or the vaccine based on inactivated virus (Sinovac). We investigated what immune-mediated adverse events occurred in our department after the COVID-19 vaccination.<br><br>RESULTS: We evaluated six patients from our center who received mRNA vaccines and developed suspected immune-mediated adverse events. The immune-mediated adverse events are characterized by de novo or relapsing glomerular diseases and are further confirmed with percutaneous kidney biopsies. During A follow-up of more than two years, remission occurred in five patients, and glomerulonephritis persisted in one of them.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Vaccinations are pivotal in effectively protecting and preventing various epidemics. As such, it is essential to maintain a high level of vigilance concerning post-vaccination adverse events. This heightened level of suspicion leads to earlier detection, better understanding, and optimal prevention and management of these events. To this end, developing a specific vaccine/patient risk profile is necessary to categorize the target population selectively.}, }
@article {pmid39787921, year = {2025}, author = {Teutsch, D and Frick, E and Kubitza, J}, title = {What motivates critical care nurses to stay in their job? - Structural aspects for empowering intrinsic motivation in permissive professional contexts: A scoping review.}, journal = {Intensive &amp; critical care nursing}, volume = {88}, number = {}, pages = {103929}, doi = {10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103929}, pmid = {39787921}, issn = {1532-4036}, mesh = {Humans ; *Critical Care Nursing/methods ; *Motivation ; COVID-19/nursing ; *Job Satisfaction ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant number of critical care nurses have left their positions, citing overload, burnout, and moral distress. This scoping review is not just a theoretical exploration but a timely and crucial investigation into the aspects and structures of critical care nursing that can make the job fulfilling and appealing, thereby promoting intrinsic motivation and staff retention.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: A scoping review of studies reporting on factors that allow critical care nurses to fall back on their intrinsic job motivation. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies from 2019 until 2023 that examined critical care nurses are included. This scoping review, which was conducted in 12 databases, follows the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and the PRISMA framework.<br><br>RESULTS: 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. The thematic synthesis identified 'meaning' as the overarching theme. Meaning can help critical nurses identify their intrinsic motivation and hold tight to it during professional challenges or low morale. Previous studies found meaning-making as an essential element of spirituality. In the present study, it is strongly related to the other subthemes: sense of pride and joy, personal relationships, thriving, and moral responsibility.<br><br>CONCLUSION: It makes sense for care management to create specific structures and work conditions, such as flexible scheduling, opportunities for professional development, and supportive team environments that encourage critical care nurses in their professional autonomy. Measures tailored to the individual needs and resources are also crucial. In this way, existing intrinsic motivation can be nurtured, and critical care nurses are enabled to autonomously discern values set by the employer into their own value system.<br><br>Institutions need to offer critical care nurses decision-making discretion whenever possible, broad information sharing, and a climate of trust and respect, in which the individual may feel autonomous and can develop personally and professionally.}, }
@article {pmid39786643, year = {2025}, author = {Magalhães, BAP and Medeiros Minasi, J and Lobato, RC and Lemos, LC and de Britto, LS and Barros, RM and de Martínez, AMB and da Hora, VP}, title = {Globally approved vaccines for COVID-19: a systematic review.}, journal = {Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {511-527}, pmid = {39786643}, issn = {1678-4405}, support = {001//CAPES/ ; }, mesh = {*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects ; Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Drug Approval ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 caused a public health emergency, which instituted a global effort to develop vaccines using different platforms, such as basic types and new-generation vaccines. Considering the importance of vaccination in preventing the severity of infectious diseases and the success in developing and approving vaccines against COVID-19 in record time, it is essential to learn about the characteristics of these vaccines. This study aimed to conduct a structured, systematic review following the PRISMA guideline, to analyze the general characteristics of vaccines approved globally for use against COVID-19. We used the list of approved vaccines available by the WHO as guidance to search for studies in the literature. We searched the terms "SARS-CoV-2 and vaccine and safety and efficacy" in the MEDLINE via PUBMED and Web of Science databases. We conducted the research on both bases, including complete articles published from January 2020 to June 2023. The selection of files occurred between May/2021 and June/2023. Therefore, the paper did not consider articles published after this period or vaccines approved after this moment. This study only included approved vaccines; phase three studies published in English. We found 11 published articles from phase three that met the established criteria. The vaccines included in this study were: Cominarty, mRNA-1273 or Spikevax, Vaxzevria or AZD1222 or Covishield, CoronaVac or PicoVacc, and Ad26.COV2.S, SputnikV or Gam-Covid-Vac, Covaxin, NVX-CoV2373 or Covovax or Nuvaxovid, WIV04 and HB02, CoVLP or Covifenz and Convidecia or Ad5-nCoV. We summarized the main findings of each vaccine, considering the vaccine composition, number of doses, efficacy analyses, and main adverse effects. In general, the vaccines had high efficacy rates and few adverse effects. Efficacy values are important for vaccine approval, but they will not necessarily reflect the real-world impact of vaccination. It was seen that the effectiveness of COV2.S, CoronaVac/PicoVacc, Cominarty, and Covaxin vaccines was lower than the efficacy, whereas, for AZD1222/Vaxzevria/Covishield, the two parameters remained at similar rates. All vaccines evaluated have different compositions, dosages, populations, and study designs. All are effective in at least preventing symptomatic COVID-19, causing mild or moderate adverse effects when present.}, }
@article {pmid39784904, year = {2025}, author = {Mahneva, O and Fakhoury, TR and Hanspal, SS and Gonzalez Velazquez, JO and Patel, N and Henzlova, MJ}, title = {Systematic Review of COVID-19 and COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis in Athletes: Incidence, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Return-to-Play Principles.}, journal = {Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {191-205}, pmid = {39784904}, issn = {1536-3724}, mesh = {Humans ; *Myocarditis/epidemiology/diagnosis/etiology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Return to Sport ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Incidence ; *Athletes ; Prognosis ; Male ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the original peer-reviewed studies on athletes who developed myocarditis after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection or after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Both entities likely have an immunologic component. We discuss elite, professional, college, and adolescent athletes. The athletes are generally young and healthy, representing a distinctive population group that differs from the general population. This review includes diagnosis of myocarditis, incidence, complications, prognosis, and return-to-play guidance for sports medicine clinicians and coaches.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: We surveyed the PUBMED, Embase, and Web of Science databases for the relevant peer-reviewed articles in the English language published from the onset of the pandemic until April 2023. Included were original observational studies and case series. Excluded were individual case reports and a small series with incomplete data. The resulting search yielded 30 original articles.<br><br>MAIN RESULTS: Reported myocardial abnormalities in athletes were rare after COVID-19 infection and even less frequent after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. True incidence, however, may be higher because of under-reporting and frequent asymptomatic presentation. Male gender was prevalent for both manifestations; postvaccination myocarditis occurrence was the highest after the second vaccine dose. Diagnostic and return-to-play algorithms were developed and should be adopted and followed.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The risk of myocarditis from COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is very low. The long-term prognosis and evolution of the observed cardiac magnetic resonance abnormalities are currently unknown. Although inferences can be made from the published data, COVID-19 and postvaccine myocarditis in athletes may represent only a small fraction of the true incidence of those who have been affected worldwide and not evaluated.}, }
@article {pmid39781525, year = {2025}, author = {Peramaiyan, R and Anthony, J and Varalakshmi, S and Sekar, AK and Ali, EM and A, AHS and Abdallah, BM}, title = {Comparison of the role of vitamin D in normal organs and those affected by COVID-19.}, journal = {International journal of medical sciences}, volume = {22}, number = {2}, pages = {240-251}, pmid = {39781525}, issn = {1449-1907}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *Vitamin D ; *Vitamin D Deficiency/immunology/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Dietary Supplements ; }, abstract = {The outbreak of COVID-19 has opened up new avenues for exploring the importance of vitamin D in immunity, in addition to its role in calcium absorption. Recently, vitamin D supplementation has been found to enhance T regulatory lymphocytes, which are reduced in individuals with COVID-19. Increased risk of pneumonia and increases in inflammatory cytokines have been reported to be major threats associated with vitamin-D deficiency. Although vaccination reduces the threat of COVID-19 to a certain extent, herd immunity is the long-term solution to overcoming such diseases. Co-administration of vitamin D with certain inactivated vaccines has been reported to enhance the systemic immune response through stimulation of the production of antigen-specific mucosal immunity. COVID-19 was found to induce multiple organ damage, and vitamin D has a beneficial role in various organs, such as the intestines, pancreas, prostate, kidneys, liver, heart, brain, and immune cells. The consequences that occur after COVID-19 infection known as long COVID-19 are also a concern as they accumulate and target multiple organs, leading to immune dysregulation. The present review covers the overall role and impact of vitamin D and its deficiency for various organs in normal conditions and after COVID-19 infection, which is still a serious issue.}, }
@article {pmid39781324, year = {2024}, author = {Ghahramani, S and Najjari, B and Bayattork, R and Arab-Zozani, M}, title = {Prevalence and Factor Influencing Intimate Partner Violence against Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran}, volume = {38}, number = {}, pages = {104}, pmid = {39781324}, issn = {1016-1430}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: It seems that the prevalence of intimate partner violence increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. To investigate the prevalence of different types of IPV and its contributing factors on a global scale during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study. This study followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. All original studies, written in English that reported the overall prevalence of IPV or at least one type of IPV against women during the COVID-19 pandemic were included in this study. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in July 2023. Our general keywords included "Intimate Partner Violence", "Spouse Abuse", "Domestic Violence", "COVID-19", and "SARS-CoV-2". We used the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist to assess the quality of all included studies. We conducted a random effect model for meta-analysis using the Mantel-Haenszel method in comprehensive meta-analysis software Version 3. Each type of IPV is calculated as an event rate with a 95% CI for each variable. The I2 statistic test was used to assess the Heterogeneity.<br><br>RESULTS: Forty-one studies encompassing 14,615 participants met our eligibility criteria and were included in our study. The overall prevalence of IPV was 31% (95% CI: [24.2, 38.8], P < 0.001). Based on type, the highest rate of IPV in the included studies was reported for psychological type (33%, 95% CI: [23.4, 44.3], P = 0.004). The rates of IPV for economic, physical, and sexual types were 19.1% (95% CI: [12.2, 28.6], P < 0.001), 9.5% (95% CI: [6.8, 13.1], P < 0.001), and 8.5% (95% CI: [6.2, 11.7], P < 0.001), respectively. Age, education level, being pregnant, and marital duration were among the most frequent influencing factors.<br><br>CONCLUSION: About one-third of women experienced IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological IPV emerged as the most prevalent type in the included studies. The most important factors were environmental, social, economic, cultural, and political factors. Age, education level, marital duration, being pregnant, and marital duration were among the most frequent influencing factors.}, }
@article {pmid39780600, year = {2025}, author = {Gibb, R and Redding, DW and Friant, S and Jones, KE}, title = {Towards a 'people and nature' paradigm for biodiversity and infectious disease.}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences}, volume = {380}, number = {1917}, pages = {20230259}, pmid = {39780600}, issn = {1471-2970}, support = {//Wellcome Trust/Royal Society Sir Henry Dale Research Fellowship/ ; //NSF Biology Integration Institute Implementation award/ ; //Wolfson Foundation/ ; //Trinity Challenge - Sentinel Forecasting Project/ ; //NSF-NIH-NIFA and BBSRC/ ; /WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; }, mesh = {*Biodiversity ; Humans ; Animals ; *Zoonoses/epidemiology/transmission ; *COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/transmission/veterinary ; Ecosystem ; Animals, Wild ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases are among the most direct human health consequences of biodiversity change. The COVID-19 pandemic increased health policymakers' attention on the links between ecological degradation and disease, and sparked discussions around nature-based interventions to mitigate zoonotic emergence and epidemics. Yet, although disease ecology provides an increasingly granular knowledge of wildlife disease in changing ecosystems, we still have a poor understanding of the net consequences for human disease. Here, we argue that a renewed focus on wildlife-borne diseases as complex socio-ecological systems-a 'people and nature' paradigm-is needed to identify local interventions and transformative system-wide changes that could reduce human disease burden. We discuss longstanding scientific narratives of human involvement in zoonotic disease systems, which have largely framed people as ecological disruptors, and discuss three emerging research areas that provide wider system perspectives: how anthropogenic ecosystems construct new niches for infectious disease, feedbacks between disease, biodiversity and social vulnerability and the role of human-to-animal pathogen transmission ('spillback') in zoonotic disease systems. We conclude by discussing new opportunities to better understand the predictability of human disease outcomes from biodiversity change and to integrate ecological drivers of disease into health intervention design and evaluation.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.}, }
@article {pmid39778965, year = {2025}, author = {Kast, KA and Sidelnik, SA and Nejad, SH and Suzuki, J}, title = {Management of alcohol withdrawal syndromes in general hospital settings.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {388}, number = {}, pages = {e080461}, doi = {10.1136/bmj-2024-080461}, pmid = {39778965}, issn = {1756-1833}, mesh = {Humans ; *Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/drug therapy ; *Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Hospitals, General ; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Alcoholism/epidemiology/therapy ; }, abstract = {The covid-19 pandemic was associated with an unprecedented increase in alcohol consumption and associated morbidity, including hospitalizations for alcohol withdrawal. Clinicians based in hospitals must be ready to identify, assess, risk-stratify, and treat alcohol withdrawal with evidence based interventions. In this clinically focused review, we outline the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, screening, assessment, and treatment of alcohol withdrawal in the general hospital population. We review and summarize studies addressing the drug treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndromes in inpatient populations, with a focus on the use of benzodiazepine drugs, phenobarbital, antiseizure drugs, and α-2 adrenergic drugs. Emerging areas of interest include the use of novel alcohol biomarkers, risk stratification instruments, alternative symptom severity scales, severe withdrawal syndromes resistant to benzodiazepine drugs, and treatment protocol variations-including non-symptom-triggered and benzodiazepine-sparing protocols. We identify key areas for research including identification of populations who will benefit from non-benzodiazepine strategies, more individualized risk stratification approaches to guide treatment, and greater inclusion of gender and racial and ethnic minorities in future studies.}, }
@article {pmid39778462, year = {2025}, author = {Cagnotta, C and Lettera, N and Cardillo, M and Pirozzi, D and Catalán-Matamoros, D and Capuano, A and Scavone, C}, title = {Parental vaccine hesitancy: Recent evidences support the need to implement targeted communication strategies.}, journal = {Journal of infection and public health}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {102648}, doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102648}, pmid = {39778462}, issn = {1876-035X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Parents/psychology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Communication ; *Vaccination/psychology ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Europe ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; }, abstract = {In 2018, Europe experienced a surge in measles cases, revealing the consequences of suboptimal immunization coverage. This trend was exacerbated by long-standing vaccine hesitancy. Parental attitudes toward childhood vaccines have increasingly shifted, influenced by ethical, religious, and safety concerns. Vaccines hesitancy has substantially increased after the Covid-19 pandemic. Using PubMed, we reviewed cross-sectional studies, published during years 2023-2024, related to parents' vaccine hesitancy, with the aim to provide an overview of its prevalence, underlying reasons and consequences for public health. Data summarised highlight various factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy. These include socio-demographic factors, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, and widespread misinformation, particularly through social media. Several cross-sectional studies show that vaccine hesitancy is often linked to lower education levels, misinformation, and decreased trust in healthcare systems. The pandemic exacerbated this issue. This article underscores the need for targeted communication strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, focusing on specific populations, such as those in low-income settings or with limited access to healthcare information. It emphasizes the importance of countering misinformation to improve vaccination rates and public health outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39778398, year = {2025}, author = {Karos, K and Ashton-James, CE and McParland, J and Hirsh, AT}, title = {COVID-19 and chronic pain: Implications and lessons learned.}, journal = {Current opinion in psychology}, volume = {62}, number = {}, pages = {101985}, doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101985}, pmid = {39778398}, issn = {2352-2518}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; *Chronic Pain/therapy/epidemiology/psychology ; Telemedicine ; *Pain Management ; Health Services Accessibility ; Social Isolation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted people with chronic pain, affecting their access to pain management services and the social fabric of society. Here we review evidence indicating that during and since the pandemic (1) the overall prevalence and burden of chronic pain has increased, (2) social threats such as social isolation, abuse and neglect, and disparities in access to pain management, have increased, and these changes are associated with worsening pain and pain-related health outcomes, and (3) there has been a surge in research into telehealth interventions for chronic pain, with promising results. We conclude with a discussion of lessons that may guide future research and care for people with chronic pain in a post-COVID world.}, }
@article {pmid39777702, year = {2025}, author = {Fekete, M and Lehoczki, A and Szappanos, &#xc1; and Toth, A and Mahdi, M and Sótonyi, P and Benyó, Z and Yabluchanskiy, A and Tarantini, S and Ungvari, Z}, title = {Cerebromicrovascular mechanisms contributing to long COVID: implications for neurocognitive health.}, journal = {GeroScience}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {745-779}, pmid = {39777702}, issn = {2509-2723}, support = {RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003//Nemzeti Kutat&#xe1;si, Fejleszt&#xe9;si &#xe9;s Innovaci&#xf3;s Alap/ ; TKP2021-NKTA-47//Nemzeti Kutat&#xe1;si Fejleszt&#xe9;si &#xe9;s Innov&#xe1;ci&#xf3;s Hivatal/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/physiopathology ; Blood-Brain Barrier/physiopathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Cerebrovascular Disorders/physiopathology/etiology ; Neurovascular Coupling ; Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology ; Brain/blood supply/physiopathology ; }, abstract = {Long COVID (also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection [PASC] or post-COVID syndrome) is characterized by persistent symptoms that extend beyond the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting approximately 10% to over 30% of those infected. It presents a significant clinical challenge, notably due to pronounced neurocognitive symptoms such as brain fog. The mechanisms underlying these effects are multifactorial, with mounting evidence pointing to a central role of cerebromicrovascular dysfunction. This review investigates key pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to cerebrovascular dysfunction in long COVID and their impacts on brain health. We discuss how endothelial tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and direct vascular infection trigger endothelial dysfunction, impaired neurovascular coupling, and blood-brain barrier disruption, resulting in compromised cerebral perfusion. Furthermore, the infection appears to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, enhancing oxidative stress and inflammation within cerebral endothelial cells. Autoantibody formation following infection also potentially exacerbates neurovascular injury, contributing to chronic vascular inflammation and ongoing blood-brain barrier compromise. These factors collectively contribute to the emergence of white matter hyperintensities, promote amyloid pathology, and may accelerate neurodegenerative processes, including Alzheimer's disease. This review also emphasizes the critical role of advanced imaging techniques in assessing cerebromicrovascular health and the need for targeted interventions to address these cerebrovascular complications. A deeper understanding of the cerebrovascular mechanisms of long COVID is essential to advance targeted treatments and mitigate its long-term neurocognitive consequences.}, }
@article {pmid39777202, year = {2024}, author = {Li, X and Liu, X and Wang, F and Zhang, Y and Huang, J and Wang, J and Zhou, X}, title = {Bibliometric analysis of nurses' moral distress research.}, journal = {Frontiers in psychiatry}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1504713}, pmid = {39777202}, issn = {1664-0640}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To identify the research status of nurses' moral distress and predict emerging research hotspots and development trends.<br><br>METHODS: Articles on nurses' moral distress were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database from the inception of the database to 2024.&#xa0;A bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to analyze publication distributions by country, institution, journal, author contributions, keyword trends, and reference co-citations.<br><br>RESULTS: Our study analyzed 1,781 documents, revealing a notable increase in publications after 2017, with contributions from 88 countries and 2,301 institutions worldwide. The United States and China were prominent contributors, highlighting global interest in this area. Analyses of keywords and cited references reveal emerging research topics such as "COVID-19", "burnout", and "moral resilience".<br><br>CONCLUSION: This bibliometric review sheds light on the growing academic interest in nurses' moral distress, emphasizing key themes and outlining future research directions. By charting the development of this domain, our study provides critical insights, guiding the investigation of complex ethical issues in nursing and enhancing understanding of nurses' moral distress.}, }
@article {pmid39777148, year = {2024}, author = {An, Y and He, L and Xu, X and Piao, M and Wang, B and Liu, T and Cao, H}, title = {Gut microbiota in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: not the end of the story.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1500890}, pmid = {39777148}, issn = {1664-302X}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to major global health concern. However, the focus on immediate effects was assumed as the tip of iceberg due to the symptoms following acute infection, which was defined as post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). Gut microbiota alterations even after disease resolution and the gastrointestinal symptoms are the key features of PACS. Gut microbiota and derived metabolites disorders may play a crucial role in inflammatory and immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection through the gut-lung axis. Diet is one of the modifiable factors closely related to gut microbiota and COVID-19. In this review, we described the reciprocal crosstalk between gut and lung, highlighting the participation of diet and gut microbiota in and after COVID-19 by destroying the gut barrier, perturbing the metabolism and regulating the immune system. Therefore, bolstering beneficial species by dietary supplements, probiotics or prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may be a novel avenue for COVID-19 and PACS prevention. This review provides a better understanding of the association between gut microbiota and the long-term consequences of COVID-19, which indicates modulating gut dysbiosis may be a potentiality for addressing this multifaceted condition.}, }
@article {pmid39776983, year = {2024}, author = {Amodu, O and Janes, CR and Pangan, KTL}, title = {Psychosocial well-being and mental health of low- and middle-income countries' internally displaced persons and refugees during COVID-19: a systematic literature review.}, journal = {Global mental health (Cambridge, England)}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {e122}, pmid = {39776983}, issn = {2054-4251}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic brought to light the need to address the psychosocial and mental health needs of refugees and internally displaced persons in low- and middle-income countries. COVID-19 prevention measures slowed essential services and healthcare, creating unique challenges for refugees and IDPs, including economic insecurity and societal instability. All of these factors may contribute to the reported declines in their psychosocial well-being.<br><br>METHODS: To effectively define the problems of low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) in addressing the needs of these populations, we conducted a systematic literature review of literature on the mental health and psychosocial well-being of refugees and displaced persons who have migrated between LMICs in the context of COVID-19.<br><br>FINDINGS: Our findings indicate that mental health interventions, such as digital healthcare and community-focused solutions, have the potential to address the problems faced by refugees and IDPs. Nevertheless, these community-based support networks are overextended, continuously developing to meet the needs of these vulnerable populations while considering the limited digital literacy of the subject population, internet accessibility, and overall limits in reach. We found that the efficacy of interventions varied according to the distinctive needs and challenges of various refugee and IDP populations.<br><br>IMPLICATIONS: The findings indicate a need for an intersectional policy approach to address the complex network of factors influencing mental health outcomes, including gender, housing, employment status, and social inequalities. Global agencies, policymakers, and local governments must prioritize the development of comprehensive mental health support systems, assuring refugees and IDPs have sustainable and equitable access.}, }
@article {pmid39775649, year = {2024}, author = {Casanova, AO and Marchon-Silva, V and Suárez-Mutis, M and Cunha, MLS and Souza, MSE and Peiter, PC and Gomes, MF and Cruz, MMD}, title = {Health surveillance among indigenous populations in the context of COVID-19: a scoping review.}, journal = {Ciencia &amp; saude coletiva}, volume = {29}, number = {12}, pages = {e09392024}, doi = {10.1590/1413-812320242912.09392024}, pmid = {39775649}, issn = {1678-4561}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/ethnology/prevention &amp; control ; Health Services, Indigenous/organization &amp; administration ; *Indigenous Peoples ; }, abstract = {The study aimed to identify protection strategies used by Indigenous peoples during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzing 56 articles from 2020 to May 2021 across four areas -community organization, governance, communication, and territorial approaches - it found that structural vulnerabilities shaped their responses. The spread of the virus was influenced by environmental, social, and cultural factors. Indigenous groups employed diverse strategies like collective decision-making and traditional knowledge. Challenges included data suppression and barriers to ethnic identification. The study emphasizes the need for greater Indigenous autonomy in data management and effective coordination among government, civil society, and Indigenous organizations.}, }
@article {pmid39775161, year = {2025}, author = {Xu, Y and Tan, Y and Peng, Z and Liu, M and Zhang, B and Wei, K}, title = {Advancing Myocarditis Research: Evaluating Animal Models for Enhanced Pathophysiological Insights.}, journal = {Current cardiology reports}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, pages = {6}, pmid = {39775161}, issn = {1534-3170}, support = {kh2307003//Changsha Outstanding Innovative Youth Training program/ ; No:20240304114//High-level Talent in Health and Wellness of Hunan Province/ ; D202301067791//Project of Hunan provincial Health Commission/ ; }, mesh = {Animals ; Mice ; *Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology/immunology ; COVID-19/physiopathology/immunology/complications ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *Myocarditis/physiopathology/virology/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to assess the current landscape of animal models used in myocarditis research, with a focus on understanding their utility in uncovering the pathophysiology of the disease. The goal is to evaluate these models' strengths and weaknesses and propose optimizations to make them more relevant and reliable for both mechanistic studies and therapeutic interventions in myocarditis.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have primarily utilized animal models, particularly viral and autoimmune myocarditis models, to study disease mechanisms. Coxsackievirus remains the most common virus used in viral myocarditis models, offering high success rates but limited applicability to human cases due to differences in infection patterns. Autoimmune myocarditis models, often involving humanized mice, have made strides in mimicking human immune responses but still face challenges in accuracy and clinical relevance. COVID-19 has introduced new avenues for research, especially concerning vaccine-induced myocarditis, although findings remain preliminary. Animal models remain crucial for myocarditis research, but each comes with distinct challenges. Viral models excel in success rate but suffer from partial relevance to human conditions. Autoimmune models are useful in immunological studies, though costly and less replicable. Vaccine-associated models are closely related to modern clinical conditions, but lack theoretical support and therefore lack reliability. Optimizing these models could improve our understanding of myocarditis and lead to more effective treatments. Future research should aim to refine these models to better simulate human conditions and enhance their clinical applicability, ultimately advancing the diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis.}, }
@article {pmid39775145, year = {2025}, author = {La Vecchia, G and Del Buono, MG and Bonaventura, A and Vecchiè, A and Moroni, F and Sanna, T and Abbate, A}, title = {Inflammatory Heart Disease in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.}, journal = {Current cardiology reports}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, pages = {10}, pmid = {39775145}, issn = {1534-3170}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology/physiopathology/virology ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/diagnosis/immunology/mortality/physiopathology ; *Myocarditis/immunology/physiopathology ; *Pericarditis/immunology/physiopathology ; Prognosis ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {PURPOSEOF THE REVIEW: In this review article, we aim to provide an overview of the pathophysiology, the clinical features, the therapeutic management and prognosis of patients affected by Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS) with cardiac involvement, focusing on myocarditis and pericarditis.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: MIS is a multiorgan hyperinflammatory condition due to a cytokine storm following (within 4-12&#xa0;weeks) SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection. First described in children, it also affects young adults without comorbidities, predominantly males with highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations, including cardiac involvement. Pericardial and myocardial involvement are prevalent among patients affected by MIS leading to different clinical manifestations including myocarditis with arrhythmias, acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock that significantly affect the patient's prognosis. The heterogeneity of its clinical features and the significant overlap with other hyperinflammatory diseases make the diagnosis particularly challenging. Moreover, the evidence on the efficacy of pharmacological treatments targeting the hyperinflammatory response is scarce, as well as data on long-term prognosis.}, }
@article {pmid39774607, year = {2025}, author = {Zhou, X and Wu, Y and Zhu, Z and Lu, C and Zhang, C and Zeng, L and Xie, F and Zhang, L and Zhou, F}, title = {Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.}, journal = {Signal transduction and targeted therapy}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {7}, pmid = {39774607}, issn = {2059-3635}, mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; COVID-19/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; Immune Tolerance/immunology ; *Immunity, Mucosal/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {The mucosal immune system, as the most extensive peripheral immune network, serves as the frontline defense against a myriad of microbial and dietary antigens. It is crucial in preventing pathogen invasion and establishing immune tolerance. A comprehensive understanding of mucosal immunity is essential for developing treatments that can effectively target diseases at their entry points, thereby minimizing the overall impact on the body. Despite its importance, our knowledge of mucosal immunity remains incomplete, necessitating further research. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has underscored the critical role of mucosal immunity in disease prevention and treatment. This systematic review focuses on the dynamic interactions between mucosa-associated lymphoid structures and related diseases. We delve into the basic structures and functions of these lymphoid tissues during disease processes and explore the intricate regulatory networks and mechanisms involved. Additionally, we summarize novel therapies and clinical research advances in the prevention of mucosal immunity-related diseases. The review also addresses the challenges in developing mucosal vaccines, which aim to induce specific immune responses while maintaining tolerance to non-pathogenic microbes. Innovative therapies, such as nanoparticle vaccines and inhalable antibodies, show promise in enhancing mucosal immunity and offer potential for improved disease prevention and treatment.}, }
@article {pmid39774186, year = {2025}, author = {Abdelaziz, O and Lee, S and Howard, S and Lefler, L}, title = {Perceptions and Attitudes of Registered Nurses and Nursing Students Toward Advanced Technology and Artificial Intelligence: A Review of Literature.}, journal = {Computers, informatics, nursing : CIN}, volume = {43}, number = {3}, pages = {}, pmid = {39774186}, issn = {1538-9774}, mesh = {Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Students, Nursing/psychology ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Nurses/psychology ; Education, Nursing ; }, abstract = {The use of technology in healthcare and healthcare education settings has increased rapidly across the United States and accelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, perceptions of new technologies in clinical nursing and nursing education are not well understood. Yet, understanding perceptions of registered nurses and nursing students toward advanced technology and artificial intelligence in clinical care and education is crucial if we are to implement these care delivery and educational innovations. This literature review investigates existing literature on registered nurses' and nursing students' attitudes toward advanced technology and artificial intelligence in nursing, including nursing education. Ten peer-reviewed studies published between 2017 and 2022 were reviewed. Findings revealed positive perceptions, such as improved patient care, efficiency, and reduced human error, but also concerns about job displacement, loss of human touch, and ethical/legal issues. Challenges in implementation, adequate training in technologies, and how technologies may reduce the human connection aspect of nursing care were identified. By recognizing the attitudes and perceptions of registered nurses and nursing students toward these advanced technologies, we can better ensure that it is ethically, effectively, and responsibly integrated into nursing practice and education.}, }
@article {pmid39773904, year = {2025}, author = {Jost, S and Reeves, RK}, title = {Elephant in the room: natural killer cells don't forget HIV either.}, journal = {Current opinion in HIV and AIDS}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, pages = {109-116}, pmid = {39773904}, issn = {1746-6318}, support = {P01 AI162242/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI158516/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI161010/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; UM1 AI164570/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; *HIV Infections/immunology/virology ; *Immunologic Memory ; *HIV-1/immunology ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Like elephants (and T cells), accumulating evidence suggest natural killer (NK) cells never forget. The description of adaptive or memory NK cells, which can be induced by HIV/SIV infections and vaccines and associated with protective effects in persons with HIV (PWH), has dramatically increased the interest in leveraging NK cells to prevent HIV infection or suppress HIV reservoirs. However, harnessing their full antiviral potential has been hindered by an incomplete understanding of mechanisms underlying adaptive NK cell development and infected cell recognition. Herein, we outline the main discoveries around the adaptive functions of NK cells, with a focus on their involvement in HIV infection.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: NK cells with diverse adaptive capabilities, including antigen-specific memory, cytokine-induced and CMV-driven adaptive subsets, likely all play a role in HIV infection. Importantly, true antigen-specific memory NK cells have been identified that mediate recall responses against multiple infectious agents such as HIV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. The NKG2C receptor is pivotal for certain adaptive NK cell subsets, as it marks a population with enhanced antibody-dependent functions and has been described as the main receptor mediating antigen-specific responses via recognition of viral peptides presented by HLA-E.<br><br>SUMMARY: Antiviral functions of adaptive/memory NK cells have tremendous, but as of yet, untapped potential to be harnessed for vaccine design, curative, or other therapeutic interventions against HIV.}, }
@article {pmid39773802, year = {2025}, author = {Ansah, EW and Salu, PK and Daanko, MS and Banaaleh, DN and Amoadu, M}, title = {Post-COVID-19 conditions and health effects in Africa: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {e088983}, pmid = {39773802}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Africa/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Prevalence ; Pandemics ; Fatigue/epidemiology/etiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Dyspnea/epidemiology/etiology ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused global devastations in social, economic and health systems of every nation, but disproportionately of nations in Africa. In addition to its grave effects on the global systems, there is continuation or development of new symptoms among individuals who have contracted the virus, with the potential to further stress the health systems on the continent. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to collate and summarise the existing research evidence on the prevalence and health effects of post-COVID-19 conditions in Africa.<br><br>METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Five main databases were thoroughly searched from 1 September 2023 to 10 May 2024 for eligible articles based on the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. These databases included PubMed, Central, Scopus, Dimensions AI and JSTOR. A total of 17 papers were included in the review. The protocol for this review is already published in BMJ Open; doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082519.<br><br>RESULTS: The prevalence of post-COVID-19 conditions in Africa ranged from 2% to as high as 94.7%. Fatigue, dyspnoea and brain fog were among the commonly reported symptoms of post-COVID-19 conditions. Reduced functional status as well as physical and psychosocial disorders were the main health effects reported by the studies reviewed, but no study yet reported the effects of post-COVID-19 conditions on the health systems in Africa.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There is an evidence of high prevalence of post-COVID-19 conditions in the African setting. However, there is limited evidence of the health effects of the post-COVID-19 conditions on patients and health systems in Africa.<br><br>ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This scoping review involved analysis of secondary data; therefore, no ethical approval was needed. Dissemination of the result is being done through international journals and may also be presented at available research conferences.}, }
@article {pmid39772994, year = {2025}, author = {Hook, JL and Kuebler, WM}, title = {CFTR as a therapeutic target for severe lung infection.}, journal = {American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology}, volume = {328}, number = {2}, pages = {L229-L238}, doi = {10.1152/ajplung.00289.2024}, pmid = {39772994}, issn = {1522-1504}, support = {partner site Berlin grant 81Z0100214//Deutsches Zentrum f&#xfc;r Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK)/ ; KU1218/11-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; SYMPATH (01ZX1906A)//Federal Ministry of Education and Research/ ; COVID-19 and Emerging Respiratory Viruses Research Award 1031520//American Lung Association (ALA)/ ; KU1218/9-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; KU1218/14-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; CRC 1470 subproject A04//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; R01HL164821//HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ ; CRC 1449 subproject B01//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; CRC TR84 subprojects A02 and C09//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; KU1218/12-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; R01 HL164821/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; Research Grant 004792G222//Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF)/ ; }, mesh = {*Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/metabolism ; Humans ; Animals ; *Lung/metabolism/pathology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Lung infection is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Even with appropriate antibiotic and antiviral treatment, mortality in hospitalized patients often exceeds 10%, highlighting the need for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Of late, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is-in addition to its well-established roles in the lung airway and extrapulmonary organs-increasingly recognized as a key regulator of alveolar homeostasis and defense. In the alveolar epithelium, CFTR mediates alveolar fluid secretion and liquid homeostasis; in the microvascular endothelium, CFTR maintains vascular barrier function. CFTR also contributes to alveolar immunity. Yet, in lung infection, diverse molecular mechanisms reduce CFTR abundance and otherwise impair its function, promoting alveolar inflammation, edema, and cell death. Preservation or restoration of CFTR function by CFTR modulator drugs thus presents a promising avenue to combat lung infection in a pathogen-independent manner.}, }
@article {pmid39772327, year = {2024}, author = {Sergiel, I}, title = {[Activity of flavonoids of natural origin on SARS-CoV-2 infections].}, journal = {Postepy biochemii}, volume = {70}, number = {4}, pages = {483-489}, doi = {10.18388/pb.2021_562}, pmid = {39772327}, issn = {0032-5422}, mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Flavonoids/pharmacology/chemistry ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; COVID-19 ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; }, abstract = {Coronaviruses cause diseases of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, which threaten human health and contribute to economic losses. Innovative production technologies make it possible to use bioactive compounds as antiviral agents. Most fruits, vegetables and plant products contain flavonoids. Numerous studies have demonstrated the health-promoting effect of this group of compounds resulting from their antioxidant potential. The activity of an antioxidant in the body is the result of many factors that modulate the reactivity and physicochemical properties, among which the chemical structure is the most important. Bioinformatics tools using molecular modeling often precede research using in vitro and in vivo methods. The aim of this review is to present the mechanism of antiviral action of flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19. Studies using virtual molecular docking models were collected to test the affinity of flavonoids for key proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus replication cycle. Among the flavonoids with antiviral activity, the most active were apigenin, luteolin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, hesperetin, naringenin and genistein. Food products with a high content of these compounds are indicated.}, }
@article {pmid39772244, year = {2024}, author = {Halabitska, I and Petakh, P and Lushchak, O and Kamyshna, I and Oksenych, V and Kamyshnyi, O}, title = {Metformin in Antiviral Therapy: Evidence and Perspectives.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {16}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772244}, issn = {1999-4915}, mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Metformin/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Virus Diseases/drug therapy ; *Virus Replication/drug effects ; }, abstract = {Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic medication, has emerged as a promising broad-spectrum antiviral agent due to its ability to modulate cellular pathways essential for viral replication. By activating AMPK, metformin depletes cellular energy reserves that viruses rely on, effectively limiting the replication of pathogens such as influenza, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, HBV, and HCV. Its role in inhibiting the mTOR pathway, crucial for viral protein synthesis and reactivation, is particularly significant in managing infections caused by HIV, CMV, and EBV. Furthermore, metformin reduces oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are critical for replicating arboviruses such as Zika and dengue. The drug also regulates immune responses, cellular differentiation, and inflammation, disrupting the life cycle of HPV and potentially other viruses. These diverse mechanisms suppress viral replication, enhance immune system functionality, and contribute to better clinical outcomes. This multifaceted approach highlights metformin's potential as an adjunctive therapy in treating a wide range of viral infections.}, }
@article {pmid39772203, year = {2024}, author = {Martora, F and Battista, T and Potestio, L and Napolitano, M and Patruno, C and Megna, M and D'Agostino, M}, title = {Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {16}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772203}, issn = {1999-4915}, mesh = {Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; BNT162 Vaccine/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; *Pemphigoid, Bullous/etiology ; *Pemphigus/immunology/etiology ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged the rapid development and licensing of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, numerous vaccines are available on a global scale and are based on different mechanisms of action, including mRNA technology, viral vectors, inactive viruses, and subunit particles. Mass vaccination conducted worldwide has highlighted the potential development of side effects, including ones with skin involvement. This review synthesizes data from 62 manuscripts, reporting a total of 142 cases of autoimmune blistering skin diseases (AIBDs) following COVID-19 vaccination, comprising 59 cases of pemphigus and 83 cases of bullous pemphigoid. Among the 83 bullous pemphigoid cases, 78 were BP, with additional cases including 2 oral mucous membrane pemphigoid, 1 pemphigoid gestationis, 1 anti-p200 BP, and 1 dyshidrosiform BP. The mean age of affected individuals was 72 ± 12.7 years, with an average symptom onset of 11 ± 10.8 days post-vaccination. Notably, 59% of cases followed vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), 51.8% were new diagnoses, and 45.8% occurred after the second dose. The purpose of our review is to analyze the cases of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid associated with COVID-19 vaccination and to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the new development or flare-up of these diseases in association with vaccination. Our results show that the association between COVID-19 vaccines and AIBDs is a possible event.}, }
@article {pmid39772192, year = {2024}, author = {Bonda, S and Trinh, S and Hand, J}, title = {Antiviral Stewardship in Transplantation.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {16}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772192}, issn = {1999-4915}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Virus Diseases/drug therapy ; Antimicrobial Stewardship/methods ; Transplant Recipients ; Organ Transplantation/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; COVID-19 ; }, abstract = {Though antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are required for hospitals, the involvement of transplant recipients in programmatic interventions, protocols, and metrics has historically been limited. Though there is a growing interest in studying stewardship practices in transplant patients, optimal practices have not been clearly established. A component of ASPs, antiviral stewardship (AVS), specifically targeting cytomegalovirus (CMV), has been more recently described. Understanding AVS opportunities and interventions is particularly important for transplant recipients, given the morbidity and mortality associated with viral infections, challenging clinical syndromes, ultrasensitive molecular diagnostic assays, antiviral resistance, and costs of viral disease and medications, as well as antiviral drug toxicities. This review highlights opportunities for AVS for CMV, EBV, HSV, VZV, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, and BK polyomavirus in transplant patients.}, }
@article {pmid39772122, year = {2024}, author = {Pacnejer, AM and Butuca, A and Dobrea, CM and Arseniu, AM and Frum, A and Gligor, FG and Arseniu, R and Vonica, RC and Vonica-Tincu, AL and Oancea, C and Mogosan, C and Popa Ilie, IR and Morgovan, C and Dehelean, CA}, title = {Neuropsychiatric Burden of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Its Physiopathology, Underlying Mechanisms, and Management Strategies.}, journal = {Viruses}, volume = {16}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772122}, issn = {1999-4915}, support = {LBUS-IRG-2023/No. 3523, 24 July 2023//Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/physiopathology/psychology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Mental Disorders/therapy/etiology ; Nervous System Diseases/virology/physiopathology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 outbreak, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was linked to significant neurological and psychiatric manifestations. This review examines the physiopathological mechanisms underlying these neuropsychiatric outcomes and discusses current management strategies. Primarily a respiratory disease, COVID-19 frequently leads to neurological issues, including cephalalgia and migraines, loss of sensory perception, cerebrovascular accidents, and neurological impairment such as encephalopathy. Lasting neuropsychological effects have also been recorded in individuals following SARS-CoV-2 infection. These include anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting a lasting impact on mental health. The neuroinvasive potential of the virus, inflammatory responses, and the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in neuroinflammation are critical factors in neuropsychiatric COVID-19 manifestations. In addition, the review highlights the importance of monitoring biomarkers to assess Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement. Management strategies for these neuropsychiatric conditions include supportive therapy, antiepileptic drugs, antithrombotic therapy, and psychotropic drugs, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach. Understanding the long-term neuropsychiatric implications of COVID-19 is essential for developing effective treatment protocols and improving patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39772108, year = {2024}, author = {Silva-Pinto, A and Abreu, I and Martins, A and Bastos, J and Araújo, J and Pinto, R}, title = {Vaccination After Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: A Review of the Literature and Proposed Vaccination Protocol.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772108}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) induces profound immunosuppression, significantly increasing susceptibility to severe infections. This review examines vaccinations' necessity, timing, and efficacy post-HCT to reduce infection-related morbidity and mortality. It aims to provide a structured protocol aligned with international and national recommendations. Methods: A systematic review of current guidelines and studies was conducted to assess vaccination strategies in HCT recipients. The analysis included the timing of vaccine administration, factors influencing efficacy, and contraindications. Recommendations for pre- and post-transplant vaccination schedules were synthesised, specifically for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), immunosuppressive therapy, and hypogammaglobulinemia. Results: Vaccination is essential as specific immunity is often lost after HCT. Inactivated vaccines are recommended to commence three months post-transplant, including influenza, COVID-19, and pneumococcal vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines remain contraindicated for at least two years post-transplant and in patients with ongoing GVHD or immunosuppressive therapy. Factors such as GVHD and immunosuppressive treatments significantly impact vaccine timing and efficacy. The review also underscores the importance of pre-transplant vaccinations and ensuring that patients' close contacts are adequately immunised to reduce transmission risks. Conclusions: Implementing a structured vaccination protocol post-HCT is critical to improving patient outcomes. Timely and effective vaccination strategies can mitigate infection risks while addressing individual patient factors such as GVHD and immunosuppression. This review highlights the need for tailored vaccination approaches to optimize immune reconstitution in HCT recipients.}, }
@article {pmid39772104, year = {2024}, author = {Livieratos, A and Schiro, LE and Gogos, C and Akinosoglou, K}, title = {Durability of Adaptive Immunity in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Patients Across Different Respiratory Viruses: RSV, Influenza, and SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772104}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Research on respiratory virus immunity duration post-vaccination reveals variable outcomes. This study performed a literature review to assess the efficacy and longevity of immune protection post-vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), with a focus on immunocompromised populations. Specific objectives included examining humoral and cellular immune responses and exploring the impact of booster doses and hybrid immunity on extending protection.<br><br>METHODS: A literature review was conducted focusing on studies published from January 2014 to November 2024. The search targeted adaptive immunity post-vaccination, natural immunity, and hybrid immunity for SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and RSV. Selection criteria emphasized human populations, adaptive immunity outcomes, and immunocompromised individuals. The PICO framework guided the analysis, culminating in a detailed review of 30 studies.<br><br>RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 vaccines exhibited robust initial antibody responses, which waned significantly within six months, necessitating frequent boosters. Influenza and RSV vaccines similarly showed declines in immunity, though some influenza vaccines demonstrated moderate durability. Hybrid immunity, arising from combined natural infection and vaccination, provided more resilient and lasting protection than vaccination alone, especially against emerging variants. Immunocompromised individuals consistently exhibited reduced durability in adaptive immune responses across all studied viruses. Challenges include rapid viral mutations, limiting the broad protection of current vaccines.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Immune durability varies significantly across virus types and patient populations. Frequent boosters and hybrid immunity are critical to optimizing protection, particularly for vulnerable groups. The findings underscore the need for adaptable vaccination strategies and advancements in vaccine design to counter rapidly mutating respiratory pathogens effectively.}, }
@article {pmid39772098, year = {2024}, author = {Ceccarelli, A and Munafò, G and Sintoni, F and Cintori, C and Gori, D and Montalti, M}, title = {Effectiveness of General Practitioners' Involvement in Adult Vaccination Practices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of International Evidence.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772098}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: General practitioners (GPs) and primary care units collaborate with Prevention Departments (PDs) to improve immunization by participating in vaccination campaigns, sharing tools, and implementing educational programs to raise patient awareness. This review aimed to identify effective strategies for involving GPs in PD vaccination practices.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted on MEDLINE, TripDatabase, ClinicalTrials, CINAHL, and Cochrane up to January 2024 to identify full-text studies in English evaluating the effectiveness of GP involvement. A meta-analysis was also performed.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 1018 records, 15 studies were included, with an intermediate quality assessment. Studies originated from the United States (n = 9), Europe (5), Singapore (1), and China (1). Eight studies investigated educational programs for GPs, while seven focused on organizational or technological interventions to enhance immunization practices. Twelve studies reported increased vaccine uptake after intervention. Vaccines addressed included influenza, SARS-CoV-2, pneumococcal, zoster, and trivalent (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis). Interventions involving GPs in PD vaccination campaigns, focusing on organizational or technological strategies, demonstrated a significant increase in vaccine uptake (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03-1.27; p < 0.0001; I[2] = 96%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: GPs emerged as valuable allies for PDs due to their extensive territorial reach and trusted relationships with patients. Additionally, up-to-date organizational and technological tools could play a decisive role in increasing vaccine uptakes. This study, offering valuable insights into the effectiveness of GPs involvement, may be useful to implement similar intervention in different contexts.}, }
@article {pmid39772080, year = {2024}, author = {Gurkšnienė, V and Alčauskas, T and Majauskaitė, F and Jančorienė, L}, title = {The Dynamics of Antibody Titres Against SARS-CoV-2 in Vaccinated Healthcare Workers: A Systemic Literature Review.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772080}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Background and Objectives: Given that COVID-19 vaccination is a relatively recent development, particularly when compared to immunisation against other diseases, it is crucial to assess its efficacy in vaccinated populations. This literature review analysed studies that monitored antibody titres against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers who received COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: Using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparators, Outcomes) model recommended in the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines we included 43 publications which analyse antibody dynamics following primary vaccination, the effects of booster doses, and the influence of factors such as COVID-19C infection, age, and sex on antibody kinetics. Results: All the studies demonstrated a strong immunogenic response to the vaccines. Re-gardless of the vaccine used, over 95% of the pre-vaccination seronegative population be-came seropositive in all studies. Depending on the sampling intervals provided by the re-searchers, antibody levels were quantitatively highest during the first three months after vaccination, but levels inevitably declined over time. The monthly decline in antibodies observed in all these studies highlighted the necessity for booster doses. Studies analysing the impact of revaccination on antibody dynamics have confirmed that revaccination is an effective tool to boost humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2. An-tibodies appear to persist for a longer period of time after revaccination, although they are subject to similar factors influencing antibody dynamics, such as age, comorbidities, and exposure to COVID-19. In addition, heterogeneous revaccination strategies have been shown to be more effective than homogeneous revaccination. Conclusions: Our review demonstrated that antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 inevitably decline after vaccination, leaving the question of ongoing booster strategies open. The studies reviewed provided evidence of the effectiveness of booster vaccination, despite differences in age, sex, and prior COVID-19 infection. This suggests that repeated vaccination remains a highly effective method for mitigating the continued threat posed by COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39772079, year = {2024}, author = {Brandi, R and Paganelli, A and D'Amelio, R and Giuliani, P and Lista, F and Salemi, S and Paganelli, R}, title = {mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19 as Trailblazers for Other Human Infectious Diseases.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772079}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {UNLABELLED: mRNA vaccines represent a milestone in the history of vaccinology, because they are safe, very effective, quick and cost-effective to produce, easy to adapt should the antigen vary, and able to induce humoral and cellular immunity.<br><br>METHODS: To date, only two COVID-19 mRNA and one RSV vaccines have been approved. However, several mRNA vaccines are currently under development for the prevention of human viral (influenza, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, Zika, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus/parainfluenza 3, Chikungunya, Nipah, rabies, varicella zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus 1 and 2), bacterial (tuberculosis), and parasitic (malaria) diseases.<br><br>RESULTS: RNA viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, HIV, and influenza, are characterized by high variability, thus creating the need to rapidly adapt the vaccines to the circulating viral strain, a task that mRNA vaccines can easily accomplish; however, the speed of variability may be higher than the time needed for a vaccine to be adapted. mRNA vaccines, using lipid nanoparticles as the delivery system, may act as adjuvants, thus powerfully stimulating innate as well as adaptive immunity, both humoral, which is rapidly waning, and cell-mediated, which is highly persistent. Safety profiles were satisfactory, considering that only a slight increase in prognostically favorable anaphylactic reactions in young females and myopericarditis in young males has been observed.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic determined a shift in the use of RNA: after having been used in medicine as micro-RNAs and tumor vaccines, the new era of anti-infectious mRNA vaccines has begun, which is currently in great development, to either improve already available, but unsatisfactory, vaccines or develop protective vaccines against infectious agents for which no preventative tools have been realized yet.}, }
@article {pmid39772075, year = {2024}, author = {Nogareda, F and Ghiselli, M and Velandia-González, M and de Mucio, B and Jara, J and Couto, P and Rodriguez, A and Rondy, M and Vicari, A and Ozturk, MH and Goldin, S and Vilajeliu, A and Leidman, E and Patel, J and Carlton, J and Fowlkes, AL and Azziz-Baumgartner, E and Salas Peraza, D and Ropero, AM}, title = {Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Programs in the Americas: A Platform for Sustainable Life-Course Immunization and Its Role for Pandemic Preparedness and Response.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772075}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; }, abstract = {Background: Vaccination is one of the most effective measures to prevent influenza illness and its complications. Since the 1980s, countries and territories in the Americas have progressively implemented influenza vaccination operations in high-risk priority groups-such as older adults, pregnant persons, persons with comorbidities and health workers. Methods: In this review, we present the history and progress of the seasonal influenza program in the Americas, how the program contributed to the efficient and timely roll-out of the COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic, and how the program can be used to promote immunization operations across the life span for existing and future vaccines. Results: The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic in 2009 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2023 underscored the importance of having a robust seasonal influenza vaccination program for pandemic preparedness and response. Overall, countries with existing seasonal influenza vaccination programs were better prepared and rolled out the delivery of COVID-19 vaccines more quickly and effectively compared to other countries where the influenza vaccination platform was weak or non-existent. Conclusions: Traditionally, national immunization programs of developing countries have been predominately focused on newborns, children younger than five years and school-aged children while often limiting their investment in effective adult vaccination programs; these programs are typically isolated to high-income countries. Countries in Latin America have been the exception, with strong influenza vaccination programs for adults regardless of national income level. The presence of functional and effective adult influenza vaccination programs can also facilitate the acceptance and uptake of other adult vaccines targeting priority groups at higher risk for severe illness or complications.}, }
@article {pmid39772074, year = {2024}, author = {Kusunoki, H}, title = {Current Status and Significance of Additional Vaccination with COVID-19 Vaccine in Japan-Considerations from Antibody Levels from Hybrid Immunity and Public Perceptions.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772074}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {This report examines the evolving role of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in Japan, especially in light of the reduced public concern following the reclassification of COVID-19 as a Category 5 infectious disease in May 2023. With over half the population estimated to have hybrid immunity from prior infections and vaccinations, this report evaluated the necessity and frequency of additional booster doses. Despite strong recommendations from Japanese medical societies to continue vaccination, public skepticism remains owing to financial burdens, adverse reactions, and the perceived limited benefits of frequent boosters. Studies on antibody responses have revealed that individuals with hybrid immunity maintain robust protection with significantly elevated antibody titers that persist over extended periods. Case studies have indicated durable immunity among individuals who have both been vaccinated and experienced breakthrough infections, raising questions about the need for uniform booster policies. This report also discusses the newly approved replicon-type (self-amplifying) vaccines currently available only in Japan, which have generated public and professional debates regarding their efficacy and safety. A more personalized approach to vaccination that takes into account the antibody titers, prior infection history, and individual choices is recommended. Finally, this report underscores the importance of aligning vaccination policies with scientific evidence and public sentiment to optimize COVID-19 countermeasures in Japan.}, }
@article {pmid39772072, year = {2024}, author = {Christodoulakis, A and Bouloukaki, I and Aravantinou-Karlatou, A and Zografakis-Sfakianakis, M and Tsiligianni, I}, title = {Vaccine Hesitancy and Associated Factors Amongst Health Professionals: A Scoping Review of the Published Literature.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772072}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Background/Objectives: Healthcare professionals (HCPs) hold significant influence over public attitudes toward vaccinations. Studies suggest that HCPs are hesitant towards the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. This hesitancy could lead to lower vaccination rates in the community. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to assess the extent of hesitancy towards COVID-19 booster doses among HCPs and identify the associated factors. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases from April to August 2024, using keywords related to COVID-19, vaccine hesitancy, HCPs, and booster vaccination. Studies that had been peer-reviewed, published in English after 2022, and focused on the hesitancy of the COVID-19 booster dose hesitancy among HCPs were included. Out of the 6703 studies screened, 24 studies were included. Results: Most of the HCPs have received their initial series of COVID-19 vaccinations. However, there is a lower rate of uptake for booster doses, with hesitancy rates ranging from 12% to 66.5%. Hesitancy rates varied significantly across continents, with Asia, Africa, and Europe ranging from 19.7% to 66.5%, 27% to 46.1%, 14% to 60.2%, respectively. Hesitancy was reported to be influenced by various factors, including concerns about vaccine safety, necessity, and effectiveness of these vaccines. In addition, the hesitancy regarding booster doses was also found to be influenced by factors like age, gender, profession, and previous COVID-19. Physicians, nurses, and pharmacists exhibited vaccine hesitancy rates ranging from 12.8% to 43.7%, 26% to 37%, and 26% to 34.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Our review underscores the hesitancy among HCPs towards receiving booster doses across countries around the world and explores the underlying factors. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of future pandemic vaccination programs.}, }
@article {pmid39772034, year = {2024}, author = {Wang, L and Vulesevic, B and Vigano, M and As'sadiq, A and Kang, K and Fernandez, C and Samarani, S and Anis, AH and Ahmad, A and Costiniuk, CT}, title = {The Impact of HIV on B Cell Compartment and Its Implications for COVID-19 Vaccinations in People with HIV.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772034}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {HIV causes intense polyclonal activation of B cells, resulting in increased numbers of spontaneously antibody-secreting cells in the circulation and hypergammaglobulinemia. It is accompanied by significant perturbations in various B cell subsets, such as increased frequencies of immature/transitional B cells, activated memory B cells, atypical memory B cells, short-lived plasmablasts and regulatory B cells, as well as by decreased frequencies of resting memory and resting naïve B cells. Furthermore, both memory and antigen-inexperienced naïve B cells show exhausted and immune-senescent phenotypes. HIV also drives the expansion and functional impairment of CD4[+] T follicular helper cells, which provide help to B cells, crucial for the generation of germinal center reactions and production of long-lived plasma and memory B cells. By suppressing viral replication, anti-retroviral therapy reverses the virus-induced perturbations and functional defects, albeit inadequately. Due to HIV's lingering impact on B cells, immune senescence and residual chronic inflammation, people with HIV (PWH), especially immune non-responders, are immunocompromised and mount suboptimal antibody responses to vaccination for SARS-CoV-2. Here, we review how functionally and phenotypically distinct B cell subsets are induced in response to a vaccine and an infection and how HIV infection and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) impact them. We also review the role played by HIV-induced defects and perturbations in B cells in the induction of humoral immune responses to currently used anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in PWH on ART. We also outline different strategies that could potentially enhance the vaccine-induced antibody responses in PWH. The review will provide guidance and impetus for further research to improve the immunogenicity of these vaccines in this human population.}, }
@article {pmid39772014, year = {2024}, author = {De Araújo, JST and Delpino, FM and Andrade-Gonçalves, RLP and Aragão, FBA and Ferezin, LP and Santos, DA and Neto, NCD and Nascimento, MCD and Moreira, SPT and Ribeiro, GF and Alves, RFDS and Arcêncio, RA}, title = {Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772014}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {88887.657730/2021-00//Coordena&#xe7;&#xe3;o de Aperfei&#xe7;oamento de Pessoal de N&#xed;vel Superior-Brasil (CAPES)/ ; 2021/08263-7//Programa Impactos CAPES and by S&#xe3;o Paulo State Research Support Foundation/ ; 307014/2022-3//CNPQ (Research Productivity Scholarship/ ; }, abstract = {Background/Objectives: COVID-19 is an infectious disease whose prevention is significantly aided by vaccination, which reduces both case severity and mortality. Despite the safety and efficacy of vaccines, acceptance is not universal, and understanding of the factors influencing vaccination decisions and hesitancy remains limited. This review aims to identify and analyze studies addressing two key questions: what influences the decision to vaccinate and what factors are associated with vaccine hesitancy. Methods: This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Data collection utilized descriptors related to vaccine adherence and hesitancy, based on the PEO strategy of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Searches were conducted in Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Lilacs, and Web of Science, focusing on publications from 2021, the year the first COVID-19 vaccine was approved. After excluding duplicates and selecting articles based on eligibility criteria, the analysis involved data extraction and methodological quality assessment using JBI tools. Results: A total of 5268 publications were identified, with 30 included in this study. Factors associated with vaccine hesitancy included low education levels, social media influence, confidence in vaccine safety, and fear of side effects. In contrast, factors linked to vaccine acceptance included higher education, higher income, older age, and existing comorbidities. Conclusions: The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted health communication and education strategies, particularly for vulnerable groups. Public health policies should incorporate these factors to enhance vaccination adherence and build public confidence in vaccine safety, which is essential for mitigating future health emergencies.}, }
@article {pmid39772007, year = {2024}, author = {Hsiung, KC and Chiang, HJ and Reinig, S and Shih, SR}, title = {Vaccine Strategies Against RNA Viruses: Current Advances and Future Directions.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39772007}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {CORPD1J0061-63//Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/ ; }, abstract = {The development of vaccines against RNA viruses has undergone a rapid evolution in recent years, particularly driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. This review examines the key roles that RNA viruses, with their high mutation rates and zoonotic potential, play in fostering vaccine innovation. We also discuss both traditional and modern vaccine platforms and the impact of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, on optimizing immunization strategies. This review evaluates various vaccine platforms, ranging from traditional approaches (inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines) to modern technologies (subunit vaccines, viral and bacterial vectors, nucleic acid vaccines such as mRNA and DNA, and phage-like particle vaccines). To illustrate these platforms' practical applications, we present case studies of vaccines developed for RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, Zika, and dengue. Additionally, we assess the role of artificial intelligence in predicting viral mutations and enhancing vaccine design. The case studies underscore the successful application of RNA-based vaccines, particularly in the fight against COVID-19, which has saved millions of lives. Current clinical trials for influenza, Zika, and dengue vaccines continue to show promise, highlighting the growing efficacy and adaptability of these platforms. Furthermore, artificial intelligence is driving improvements in vaccine candidate optimization and providing predictive models for viral evolution, enhancing our ability to respond to future outbreaks. Advances in vaccine technology, such as the success of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, highlight the potential of nucleic acid platforms in combating RNA viruses. Ongoing trials for influenza, Zika, and dengue demonstrate platform adaptability, while artificial intelligence enhances vaccine design by predicting viral mutations. Integrating these innovations with the One Health approach, which unites human, animal, and environmental health, is essential for strengthening global preparedness against future RNA virus threats.}, }
@article {pmid39771998, year = {2024}, author = {Bodman-Harris, O and Rollier, CS and Iqbal, M}, title = {Approaches to Enhance the Potency of Vaccines in Chickens.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39771998}, issn = {2076-393X}, support = {BBS/E/PI/230001C, BBS/E/PI/23NB0003, BB/T013087/1, BB/W003325/1//BBSRC/ ; BB/S011269/1//UKRI/ ; }, abstract = {Outbreaks of avian pathogens such as Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza virus, and salmonella have a major impact on economies and food security worldwide. Some pathogens also pose a significant zoonotic potential, especially avian influenza viruses. Vaccination plays a key role in controlling many poultry diseases, and there are many vaccines licenced in the United Kingdom for diseases of poultry caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites. However, these vaccines often do not provide complete protection and can cause unwanted side effects. Several factors affect the potency of poultry vaccines, including the type of vaccination used, the mechanism of delivery, and the use of adjuvants. Advancements in technology have led to the study and development of novel vaccines and vaccine adjuvants for use in poultry. These induce stronger immune responses compared with current vaccine technology and have the potential to protect against multiple poultry diseases. This review aims to discuss the existing poultry vaccine technology; the effect of delivery mechanisms on vaccine efficacy; the use of current and novel adjuvants; the ability to target antigens to antigen-presenting cells; and the use of probiotics, multivalent vaccines, and nanotechnology to enhance the potency of poultry vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid39771983, year = {2024}, author = {Jankowiak, B and Wleklik, M and Rosiek-Biegus, M}, title = {The Impact of Vaccinations Against Respiratory Infections on the Prognosis in Heart Failure Patients.}, journal = {Vaccines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39771983}, issn = {2076-393X}, abstract = {Heart failure (HF) affects 64 million people worldwide and is one of the most prevalent causes of hospitalization in adults. Infection is believed to be one of the potential triggers that may facilitate HF decompensation and the need for hospitalization. Therefore, it seems crucial to safeguard against such a situation. Vaccinations seem to be a very reasonable option. However, this remains an underutilized solution among HF patients. This review investigates the impact of available vaccinations, including influenza, COVID-19, pneumococcal, and RSV, on prognosis in specific HF populations only, as there are pathophysiological reasons to believe that this population of patients may benefit the most from the intervention. It will provide information about the safety profile of these vaccines and summarize the available evidence on their impact on hard clinical outcomes. In summary, this article will discuss the impact of preventive vaccinations against seasonal infections in the HF population.}, }
@article {pmid39770824, year = {2024}, author = {Avril, A and Guillier, S and Rasetti-Escargueil, C}, title = {Development of Effective Medical Countermeasures Against the Main Biowarfare Agents: The Importance of Antibodies.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39770824}, issn = {2076-2607}, abstract = {The COVID-19 and mpox crisis has reminded the world of the potentially catastrophic consequences of biological agents. Aside from the natural risk, biological agents can also be weaponized or used for bioterrorism. Dissemination in a population or among livestock could be used to destabilize a nation by creating a climate of terror, by negatively impacting the economy and undermining institutions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classify biological agents into three categories (A or Tier 1, B and C) according to the risk they pose to the public and national security. Category A or Tier 1 consists of the six pathogens with the highest risk to the population (Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, botulinum neurotoxins, smallpox and viral hemorrhagic fevers). Several medical countermeasures, such as vaccines, antibodies and chemical drugs, have been developed to prevent or cure the diseases induced by these pathogens. This review presents an overview of the primary medical countermeasures, and in particular, of the antibodies available against the six pathogens on the CDC's Tier 1 agents list, as well as against ricin.}, }
@article {pmid39770727, year = {2024}, author = {Kombe Kombe, AJ and Fotoohabadi, L and Gerasimova, Y and Nanduri, R and Lama Tamang, P and Kandala, M and Kelesidis, T}, title = {The Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Viral Respiratory Infections.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39770727}, issn = {2076-2607}, support = {AG059502/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, making them a significant public health concern. During infection, respiratory viruses, including Influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), trigger an antiviral immune response, specifically boosting the inflammatory response that plays a critical role in their pathogenesis. The inflammatory response induced by respiratory viruses can be a double-edged sword since it can be initially induced to be antiviral and protective/reparative from virus-induced injuries. Still, it can also be detrimental to host cells and tissues. However, the mechanisms that differentiate the complex crosstalk between favorable host inflammatory responses and harmful inflammatory responses are poorly understood. This review explores the complex interplay between viral pathogens and the host immune response, mainly focusing on the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of VRIs. We discuss how inflammation can both contain and exacerbate the progression of viral infections, highlighting potential therapeutic targets and emerging drugs for modulating the aberrant inflammatory responses during VRIs.}, }
@article {pmid39770597, year = {2024}, author = {Ferrara, G and Cangelosi, G and Morales Palomares, S and Mancin, S and Melina, M and Diamanti, O and Sguanci, M and Amendola, A and Petrelli, F}, title = {Optimizing Ultrasound Probe Disinfection for Healthcare-Associated Infection Control: A Comparative Analysis of Disinfectant Efficacy.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39770597}, issn = {2076-2607}, abstract = {Background/Aims: Ultrasound is a key diagnostic tool in modern medicine due to its ability to provide real-time, high-resolution images of the internal structures of the human body. Despite its undeniable advantages, there are challenges related to the contamination of ultrasound probes, with the risk of healthcare-associated infections. The aim of this review was to identify the most effective disinfectants for disinfecting ultrasound probes to prevent the transmission of pathogens between patients. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using the PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, resulting in the inclusion of 16 studies from an initial 1202 records. Results: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was the most effective disinfectant, especially in automated systems, achieving a >5-log10 reduction in viral load, including that of resistant pathogens like Human Papillomavirus. Chlorhexidine gluconate (4%) demonstrated strong antibacterial efficacy, eliminating 84.62% of bacterial contamination, but was less effective against viral pathogens. Glutaraldehyde was effective in some cases, though its use carried a higher risk of probe damage. The use of sodium hypochlorite varied across guidelines; some endorsed it for COVID-19 prevention, while others cautioned against its application due to potential probe damage. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of advanced disinfection technologies and strict adherence to protocols in improving infection control. Automated systems utilizing H2O2 strike an ideal balance between antimicrobial efficacy and equipment preservation. Future research should focus on developing disinfection methods that prioritize safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability in various clinical environments.}, }
@article {pmid39770516, year = {2024}, author = {Alam, MS and Anwar, MJ and Maity, MK and Azam, F and Jaremko, M and Emwas, AH}, title = {The Dynamic Role of Curcumin in Mitigating Human Illnesses: Recent Advances in Therapeutic Applications.}, journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {17}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39770516}, issn = {1424-8247}, abstract = {Herbal medicine, particularly in developing regions, remains highly popular due to its cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and minimal risk of adverse effects. Curcuma longa L., commonly known as turmeric, exemplifies such herbal remedies with its extensive history of culinary and medicinal applications across Asia for thousands of years. Traditionally utilized as a dye, flavoring, and in cultural rituals, turmeric has also been employed to treat a spectrum of medical conditions, including inflammatory, bacterial, and fungal infections, jaundice, tumors, and ulcers. Building on this longstanding use, contemporary biochemical and clinical research has identified curcumin-the primary active compound in turmeric-as possessing significant therapeutic potential. This review hypothesizes that curcumin's antioxidant properties are pivotal in preventing and treating chronic inflammatory diseases, which are often precursors to more severe conditions, such as cancer, and neurological disorders, like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, while curcumin demonstrates a favorable safety profile, its anticoagulant effects warrant cautious application. This article synthesizes recent studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying curcumin's actions and evaluates its therapeutic efficacy in various human illnesses, including cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, peptic ulcers, COVID-19, psoriasis, vitiligo, and depression. By integrating diverse research findings, this review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on curcumin's role in modern medicine and its potential as a multifaceted therapeutic agent.}, }
@article {pmid39770376, year = {2024}, author = {Fan, H and Tian, M and Liu, S and Ye, C and Li, Z and Wu, K and Zhu, C}, title = {Strategies Used by SARS-CoV-2 to Evade the Innate Immune System in an Evolutionary Perspective.}, journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39770376}, issn = {2076-0817}, support = {2023YFC2308404//The National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 2020AG024//National Medical Products Administration, the Special Funds for Innovation in Scientific Research Program of Zhongshan/ ; 2021M691246 , 2022T150267 and GZB20230541//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; 2023KF004, 2022KF003//The Open Research Program of the State Key Laboratory of Virology of China/ ; 2023JDKF004//The Open Projects Funds for the Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices of Wuhan University/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunity, Innate/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/pathogenicity ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *Immune Evasion ; }, abstract = {By the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), had diffused widely across the globe, with 770 million infected individuals and over 7 million deaths reported. In addition to its high infectivity and pathogenicity and its rapid mutation rate, the unique capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to circumvent the immune system has also contributed to the widespread nature of this pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 elicits the onset of innate immune system activation and initiates antiviral responses once it has infected the host. While battling the host's immune responses, SARS-CoV-2 has established many countermeasures to evade attack and clearance. As the exploration of SARS-CoV-2 continues, substantial evidence has revealed that the 29 proteins synthesized by the SARS-CoV-2 genome are integral to the viral infection process. They not only facilitate viral replication and transmission, but also assist SARS-CoV-2 in escaping the host's immune defenses, positioning them as promising therapeutic targets that have attracted considerable attention in recent studies. This review summarizes the manner in which SARS-CoV-2 interfaces with the innate immune system, with a particular focus on the continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the implications of mutations.}, }
@article {pmid39770368, year = {2024}, author = {Nakayama, EE and Shioda, T}, title = {Detrimental Effects of Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Reinfection, and the Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.}, journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39770368}, issn = {2076-0817}, support = {JM00000160//Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, CiDER/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; *Reinfection/immunology/virology ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; *Antibody-Dependent Enhancement/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Fc/immunology ; Nucleocapsid/immunology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; }, abstract = {Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon in which antibodies enhance subsequent viral infections rather than preventing them. Sub-optimal levels of neutralizing antibodies in individuals infected with dengue virus are known to be associated with severe disease upon reinfection with a different dengue virus serotype. For Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type-2 infection, three types of ADE have been proposed: (1) Fc receptor-dependent ADE of infection in cells expressing Fc receptors, such as macrophages by anti-spike antibodies, (2) Fc receptor-independent ADE of infection in epithelial cells by anti-spike antibodies, and (3) Fc receptor-dependent ADE of cytokine production in cells expressing Fc receptors, such as macrophages by anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. This review focuses on the Fc receptor-dependent ADE of cytokine production induced by anti-nucleocapsid antibodies, examining its potential role in severe COVID-19 during reinfection and its contribution to the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, i.e., prolonged symptoms lasting at least three months after the acute phase of the disease. We also discuss the protective effects of recently identified anti-spike antibodies that neutralize Omicron variants.}, }
@article {pmid39770330, year = {2024}, author = {Amara, A and Trabelsi, S and Hai, A and Zaidi, SHH and Siddiqui, F and Alsaeed, S}, title = {Equivocating and Deliberating on the Probability of COVID-19 Infection Serving as a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer and Common Molecular Pathways Serving as a Link.}, journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39770330}, issn = {2076-0817}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism/epidemiology/genetics ; *Lung Neoplasms/virology/genetics/metabolism/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; Signal Transduction ; Janus Kinases/metabolism/genetics ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 posed unprecedented global health challenges of massive proportions. The persistent effects of COVID-19 have become a subject of significant concern amongst the medical and scientific community. This article aims to explore the probability of a link between the COVID-19 infection and the risk of lung cancer development. First, this article reports that SARS-CoV-2 induces severe inflammatory response and cellular stress, potentially leading to tumorigenesis through common pathways between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cancer. These pathways include the JAK/STAT3 pathway which is activated after the initiation of cytokine storm following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This pathway is involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and immune homeostasis. The JAK/STAT3 pathway is also hyperactivated in lung cancer which serves as a link thereof. It predisposes patients to lung cancer through myriad molecular mechanisms such as DNA damage, genomic instability, and cell cycle dysregulation. Another probable pathway to tumorigenesis is based on the possibility of an oncogenic nature of SARS-CoV-2 through hijacking the p53 protein, leading to cell oxidative stress and interfering with the DNA repair mechanisms. Finally, this article highlights the overexpression of the SLC22A18 gene in lung cancer. This gene can be overexpressed by the ZEB1 transcription factor, which was found to be highly expressed during COVID-19 infection.}, }
@article {pmid39769436, year = {2024}, author = {Lai, H and Zhu, T and Xie, S and Luo, X and Hong, F and Luo, D and Dao, F and Lin, H and Shu, K and Lv, H}, title = {Empirical Comparison and Analysis of Artificial Intelligence-Based Methods for Identifying Phosphorylation Sites of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {25}, number = {24}, pages = {}, pmid = {39769436}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {62402089//National Nature Scientific Foundation of China/ ; 25QNJJ2951//Sichuan Provincial Youth Fund Project/ ; 2023TQ0047, GZC20230380//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Phosphorylation ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; *COVID-19/virology/metabolism ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Machine Learning ; Computational Biology/methods ; Proteome/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the large coronavirus family with high infectivity and pathogenicity and is the primary pathogen causing the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Phosphorylation is a major type of protein post-translational modification that plays an essential role in the process of SARS-CoV-2-host interactions. The precise identification of phosphorylation sites in host cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 will be of great importance to investigate potential antiviral responses and mechanisms and exploit novel targets for therapeutic development. Numerous computational tools have been developed on the basis of phosphoproteomic data generated by mass spectrometry-based experimental techniques, with which phosphorylation sites can be accurately ascertained across the whole SARS-CoV-2-infected proteomes. In this work, we have comprehensively reviewed several major aspects of the construction strategies and availability of these predictors, including benchmark dataset preparation, feature extraction and refinement methods, machine learning algorithms and deep learning architectures, model evaluation approaches and metrics, and publicly available web servers and packages. We have highlighted and compared the prediction performance of each tool on the independent serine/threonine (S/T) and tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation datasets and discussed the overall limitations of current existing predictors. In summary, this review would provide pertinent insights into the exploitation of new powerful phosphorylation site identification tools, facilitate the localization of more suitable target molecules for experimental verification, and contribute to the development of antiviral therapies.}, }
@article {pmid39769266, year = {2024}, author = {Novick, D}, title = {IL-18 and IL-18BP: A Unique Dyad in Health and Disease.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {25}, number = {24}, pages = {}, pmid = {39769266}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy/immunology/metabolism ; Inflammation/metabolism ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; *Interleukin-18/metabolism ; Neoplasms/immunology/drug therapy/metabolism ; *Health ; *Disease ; }, abstract = {Interleukin-18 (IL-18) serves a dual function in the immune system, acting as a "double-edged sword" cytokine. Depending on the microenvironment and timing, IL-18 can either drive harmful inflammation or restore immune homeostasis. Pathologies characterized by elevated IL-18, recently proposed to be termed IL-18opathies, highlight the therapeutic potential for IL-18 blockade. IL-18 Binding Protein (IL-18BP) is one of only four natural cytokine antagonists encoded by a separate gene, distinguishing it from canonical soluble receptors. IL-18BP's exceptionally high affinity and slow dissociation rate make it an effective regulator of IL-18, essential for maintaining immune balance and influencing disease outcomes, and positions IL-18BP as a promising alternative to more aggressive treatments that carry risks of severe infections and other complications. Tadekinig alfa, the drug form of IL-18BP, represents a targeted therapy that modulates the IL-18/IL-18BP axis, offering a safe adverse-effect-free option. With orphan drug designation, Phase III clinical trial completion, and seven years of compassionate use, Tadekinig alfa holds promise in treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, cancer, and genetically linked disorders. Levels of IL-18, free IL-18 and IL-18BP, may serve as biomarkers for disease severity and therapeutic response. Given its pivotal role in immune balance, the IL-18/IL-18BP dyad has attracted interest from over ten pharmaceutical companies and startups, which are currently developing innovative strategies to either inhibit or enhance IL-18 activity depending on the therapeutic need. The review focuses on the features of the dyad members and screens the therapeutic approaches.}, }
@article {pmid39769240, year = {2024}, author = {López, D and Zumárraga, J}, title = {Bioinformatic Tools for Studying the Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2, Vaccine Efficacy, and Future Pandemics at the Global Population Level.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {25}, number = {24}, pages = {}, pmid = {39769240}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {PID2023-151514OB-I00//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; by "Acci&#xf3;n Estrat&#xe9;gica en Salud" MPY 388/18//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&#xf3;n y Universidades/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Computational Biology/methods ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology/epidemiology/virology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *HLA Antigens/immunology/genetics ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Immunity, Cellular ; Vaccine Efficacy ; }, abstract = {Antigen recognition by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction is critical for an adequate antiviral response in both natural infection and vaccination. However, the overwhelming polymorphism of HLA, with nearly 40,000 alleles identified, is an important limitation for the global analysis of cellular immune responses and vaccine efficacy. In this narrative review, we included several immunoinformatics studies performed in our laboratory to circumvent this limitation. These analyses focused on studying the cellular immune responses restricted by the most common HLA alleles, and their role in vaccine efficacy. Computational studies validated experimentally, such as our laboratory has carried out, represent a useful, rapid, and cost-effective strategy to combat future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid39769125, year = {2024}, author = {Turčić, M and Kraljević Pavelić, S and Trivanović, D and Pavelić, K}, title = {Interaction of HERVs with PAMPs in Dysregulation of Immune Response Cascade Upon SARS-CoV-2 Infections.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {25}, number = {24}, pages = {}, pmid = {39769125}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {Circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for personalized lung tumor therapy"//Zaklada ADRIS/ ; uniri-iskusni-biomed-23-136//University of Rijeka/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/genetics/metabolism ; *Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Animals ; Adaptive Immunity ; Immunity, Innate ; }, abstract = {Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are genomic fragments integrated into human DNA from germline infections by exogenous retroviruses that threatened primates early in their evolution and are inherited vertically in the germline. So far, HERVs have been studied in the context of extensive immunopathogenic, neuropathogenic and even oncogenic effects within their host. In particular, in our paper, we elaborate on the aspects related to the possible correlation of transposable HERV elements' activation and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein's presence in cells of COVID-19 patients or upon COVID-19 vaccination with implications for natural and adaptive immunity. In particular, the release of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 occurs in such cases and plays a notable role in sustaining chronic inflammation. Moreover, well-known interindividual variations of HERVs might partially account for the interpersonal variability of COVID-19 symptoms or unwanted events post-vaccination. Accordingly, further studies are required to clarify the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein's role in triggering HERVs.}, }
@article {pmid39768136, year = {2024}, author = {Gammeri, L and Sanfilippo, S and Alessandrello, C and Gangemi, S and Minciullo, PL}, title = {Mast Cells and Basophils in Major Viral Diseases: What Are the Correlations with SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A Viruses, HIV, and Dengue?.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {13}, number = {24}, pages = {}, pmid = {39768136}, issn = {2073-4409}, mesh = {Humans ; *Basophils/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Mast Cells/immunology/virology ; *Dengue/immunology/virology ; *HIV Infections/immunology/virology ; *Influenza, Human/immunology/virology ; Influenza A virus/immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; }, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly impacted global health and has led the population and the scientific community to live in fear of a future pandemic. Based on viral infectious diseases, innate immunity cells such as mast cells and basophils play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Understanding these mechanisms could be essential to better study practical therapeutic approaches not only to COVID-19 but also to other viral infections widely spread worldwide, such as influenza A, HIV, and dengue. In this literature review, we want to study these concepts. Mast cells and basophils intervene as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity and seem to have a role in the damage mechanisms during infection and in the stimulation of humoral and cellular immunity. In some cases, these cells can act as reservoirs and favor the replication and spread of the virus in the body. Understanding these mechanisms can be useful not only in therapeutic but also in diagnostic and prognostic perspectives. The prospects of applying artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms for the creation of very accurate diagnostic/prognostic tools are interesting.}, }
@article {pmid39767737, year = {2024}, author = {Malioukis, A and Snead, RS and Marczika, J and Ambalavanan, R}, title = {Pathophysiological, Neuropsychological, and Psychosocial Influences on Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome: Impacts on Recovery and Symptom Persistence.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39767737}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {Although the impact of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) on patients and public health is undeniably significant, its etiology remains largely unclear. Much research has been conducted on the pathophysiology, shedding light on various aspects; however, due to the multitude of symptoms and clinical conditions that directly or indirectly define PACS, it is challenging to establish definitive causations. In this exploration, through systematically reviewing the latest pathophysiological findings related to the neurological symptoms of the syndrome, we aim to examine how psychosocial and neuropsychological symptoms may overlap with neurological ones, and how they may not only serve as risk factors but also contribute to the persistence of some primary symptoms of the disorder. Findings from our synthesis suggest that psychological and psychosocial factors, such as anxiety, depression, and loneliness, may interact with neurological symptoms in a self-reinforcing feedback loop. This cycle seems to be affecting both physical and psychological distress, potentially increasing the persistence and severity of PACS symptoms. By pointing out this interaction, in this review study, we attempt to offer a new perspective on the interconnected nature of psychological, psychosocial, and neurological factors, emphasizing the importance of integrated treatment approaches to disrupt this cycle and improve outcomes when possible.}, }
@article {pmid39767735, year = {2024}, author = {Bronowicka-Szydełko, A and Rabczyński, M and Dumas, I and Fiodorenko-Dumas, &#x17b; and Wojtczak, B and Kotyra, &#x141; and Kustrzeba-Wójcicka, I and Lewandowski, &#x141; and Ponikowska, B and Kuzan, A and Kluz, J and Gamian, A and Madziarska, K}, title = {State of Knowledge About Thyroid Cancers in the Era of COVID-19-A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39767735}, issn = {2227-9059}, abstract = {Thyroid cancer (TC), due to its heterogeneous nature, remains a clinical challenge. Many factors can initiate the carcinogenesis process of various types of TC, which complicates diagnosis and treatment. The presented review gathers current information on specific types of TC, taking into account the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is likely that COVID-19 has influenced and continues to influence the function of the thyroid gland. A high percentage of patients with COVID-19 showing simultaneous pathological changes in the thyroid suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may disrupt the function of this gland and initiate pro-oxidative mechanisms, inflammatory states, and autoimmune diseases, thereby promoting the formation of neoplastic changes. Furthermore, changes in the expression of the ACE2, TMPRSS2, CLEC4M and DPP4 genes, observed in TC, also occur in COVID-19. Therefore, it is probable that the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with thyroid cell receptors may initiate carcinogenesis in this gland. Additionally, some drugs used in TC therapy (e.g., levothyroxine) may increase the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 for cells, which could contribute to a more severe course of COVID-19 and the emergence of long-term symptoms (post-COVID-19). Moreover, the consequences of sanitary restrictions (limited access to medical services, reduction in endocrinological and oncological procedures) that took place in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic may lead in the future to an increased number of missed diagnoses and the emergence of aggressive cancers.}, }
@article {pmid39767680, year = {2024}, author = {Chio, CC and Chien, JC and Chan, HW and Huang, HI}, title = {Overview of the Trending Enteric Viruses and Their Pathogenesis in Intestinal Epithelial Cell Infection.}, journal = {Biomedicines}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39767680}, issn = {2227-9059}, support = {no//Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan/ ; MOST 112-2320-B-182-048-MY3//Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan/ ; BMRPB33//Chang Gung University, Taiwan/ ; CMRPD1M0932//Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan/ ; }, abstract = {Enteric virus infection is a major public health issue worldwide. Enteric viruses have become epidemic infectious diseases in several countries. Enteric viruses primarily infect the gastrointestinal tract and complete their life cycle in intestinal epithelial cells. These viruses are transmitted via the fecal-oral route through contaminated food, water, or person to person and cause similar common symptoms, including vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Diarrheal disease is the third leading cause of death in children under five years of age, accounting for approximately 1.7 billion cases and 443,832 deaths annually in this age group. Additionally, some enteric viruses can invade other tissues, leading to severe conditions and even death. The pathogenic mechanisms of enteric viruses are also unclear. In this review, we organized the research on trending enteric virus infections, including rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, Enterovirus-A71, Coxsackievirus A6, and Echovirus 11. Furthermore, we discuss the gastrointestinal effects and pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in intestinal epithelial cells, given the gastrointestinal symptoms observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a literature review on their pathogenic mechanisms, which serves as a guide for formulating future treatment strategies for enteric virus infections.}, }
@article {pmid39767536, year = {2024}, author = {Pizarro-Mena, R and Rotarou, ES and Chavarro-Carvajal, D and Wachholz, PA and López, MF and Perdomo Delgado, C and Parra-Soto, S and Barrientos-Calvo, I and Retamal-Walter, F and Riveros-Basoalto, G}, title = {Comprehensive Gerontological Assessment: An Update on the Concept and Its Evaluation Tools in Latin America and the Caribbean-A Literature Review.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {21}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39767536}, issn = {1660-4601}, mesh = {Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Caribbean Region ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Geriatric Assessment/methods ; *Geriatrics ; Latin America ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {In recent decades, Latin America and the Caribbean region have experienced accelerated aging. However, despite the significant progress of gerontology in the region, the number of geriatricians and professionals trained in the field is low; a notable gap in the training related to the assessment of older adults can also be observed. Therefore, in this literature review, we update the concept of Comprehensive Gerontological Assessment (CGA) for its application in the region. We compile the characteristics, validity, and reliability of CGA tools, and their usage in government documents across countries in the region. We also analyze the adaptations made to CGA during the COVID-19 pandemic, and discuss challenges related to CGA administration, academic training, research, innovation, and management. This study is particularly relevant as it proposes lines of action for decision-makers, academics, researchers, university students, and the general community, which will allow for more tailored interventions aimed at meeting the needs of older adults, their families, and caregivers. Such actions will positively impact functionality, autonomy, and quality of life, while promoting healthy, active, and successful aging in the region.}, }
@article {pmid39767461, year = {2024}, author = {Sartorao, ALV and Sartorao-Filho, CI}, title = {Anxiety and Depression Disorders in Undergraduate Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Literature Review.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {21}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39767461}, issn = {1660-4601}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; Humans ; *Students, Medical/psychology ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Depression/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Female ; Male ; Prevalence ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered several challenges on the front of mental health. Undergraduate medical students face considerable stress in their academic routines. Thus, there is a need to explore the implications for the mental health of undergraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To review the global literature about anxiety and depressive disorders in undergraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHOD: We developed an integrative literature review on the occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in undergraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. We included the manuscripts that used the PHQ-9 and/or GAD-7 questionnaires. We excluded systematic reviews, narrative reviews, integrative reviews, meta-analyses, and qualitative analytical studies. We assessed the results on the occurrence of anxiety and depression and the severity of symptoms in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic using quantitative studies applying the GAD-7 questionnaire for anxiety or the PHQ-9 for depression.<br><br>RESULTS: We reviewed 85 selected studies, and the results showed a significant prevalence of moderate and severe symptoms of anxiety and depression, with 28.2% of participants presenting scores of &#x2265;10 on the GAD-7 and 38.9% on the PHQ-9. Statistical analyses using simple and multiple regression tests revealed associations between higher rates of anxiety symptoms among students from developing countries and data collected after the lockdown period in 2020 during the pandemic lockdown. In addition, female students were at risk of depressive disorders. We emphasize as a limitation that the diagnosis of depression and anxiety requires a detailed clinical evaluation, which is not focused on in this actual study.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the need for specific interventions to support the mental health of undergraduate medical students, especially female students from developing countries, during a pandemic crisis.}, }
@article {pmid39767432, year = {2024}, author = {Davids, R}, title = {Green Villages, the Pandemic, and the Future of California Urbanism.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {21}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39767432}, issn = {1660-4601}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; California ; *Housing ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of housing in controlling the spread of the virus was limited, as policies primarily focused on short-term measures such as lockdowns and social distancing. As the pandemic recedes, a shift has occurred towards restructuring the environment to confront future health crises better. This research thoroughly evaluates existing literature and housing complexes. It recommends that future projects prioritize several key features: ample exposure to natural environments, opportunities for growing food, encouragement of casual social interactions, inclusion of communal spaces, and provision of areas for exercise to help reduce the risks of contagion and alleviate the mental health impacts on residents. Based on research conducted during and after the pandemic, current recommendations for housing often provide generalized suggestions or propose ideal layouts through diagrams. This approach can be unrealistic from both spatial and economic perspectives and fails to inspire or stimulate creativity. This paper, by contrast, reviews and analyzes historical housing projects while critically examining three case studies that have the potential to inspire future designs. The goal is to provide officials, architects, and stakeholders with a series of practical possibilities and guidelines that contribute to the post-COVID home design process by making it more health-conscious and fostering the creation of new types of neighborhoods that can significantly impact the planning of cities in California.}, }
@article {pmid39767404, year = {2024}, author = {Akiba, D and Perrone, M and Almendral, C}, title = {Study Abroad Angst: A Literature Review on the Mental Health of International Students During COVID-19.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {21}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39767404}, issn = {1660-4601}, mesh = {*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Mental Health ; *Students/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Isolation/psychology ; Internationality ; Loneliness/psychology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic presented unique and unprecedented challenges for international students, those studying at institutions of higher education outside of their home countries, due to their distinct circumstances and vulnerabilities. This literature review examines the multifaceted mental health burdens they experienced and highlights the need for targeted support and interventions.<br><br>METHODS: A rigorous search across three databases (i.e., PubMed, PsycINFO, and ERIC) yielded 50 empirical studies for inclusion in this literature review. A six-phase thematic analysis framework was employed to identify and synthesize key themes.<br><br>RESULTS: Seven prominent themes emerged: (1) academic and professional disruptions; (2) challenges navigating international student status; (3) social isolation and loneliness; (4) difficulties with living arrangements; (5) financial and food insecurity; (6) health concerns for self and loved ones; and (7) experiences of discrimination and xenophobia.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights a range of tolls that mental health consequences took on international students, and it suggests the need for targeted interventions and support services to address these challenges. It also identifies critical research gaps, such as the need for longitudinal studies and comparative analyses with domestic students. The implications for inclusive policies and supportive environments to promote international students' well-being are discussed.}, }
@article {pmid39767237, year = {2024}, author = {Alsharksi, AN and Sirekbasan, S and Gürkök-Tan, T and Mustapha, A}, title = {From Tradition to Innovation: Diverse Molecular Techniques in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {14}, number = {24}, pages = {}, pmid = {39767237}, issn = {2075-4418}, abstract = {Infectious diseases impose a significant burden on global health systems due to high morbidity and mortality rates. According to the World Health Organization, millions die from infectious diseases annually, often due to delays in accurate diagnosis. Traditional diagnostic methods in clinical microbiology, primarily culture-based techniques, are time-consuming and may fail with hard-to-culture pathogens. Molecular biology advancements, notably the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have revolutionized infectious disease diagnostics by allowing rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens' genetic material. PCR has become the gold standard for many infections, particularly highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following PCR, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged, enabling comprehensive genomic analysis of pathogens, thus facilitating the detection of new strains and antibiotic resistance tracking. Innovative approaches like CRISPR technology are also enhancing diagnostic precision by identifying specific DNA/RNA sequences. However, the implementation of these methods faces challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries due to infrastructural and financial constraints. This review will explore the role of molecular diagnostic methods in infectious disease diagnosis, comparing their advantages and limitations, with a focus on PCR and NGS technologies and their future potential.}, }
@article {pmid39766609, year = {2024}, author = {Vulcanescu, DD and Bagiu, IC and Avram, CR and Oprisoni, LA and Tanasescu, S and Sorescu, T and Susan, R and Susan, M and Sorop, VB and Diaconu, MM and Dragomir, TL and Harich, OO and Horhat, RM and Dinu, S and Horhat, FG}, title = {Bacterial Infections, Trends, and Resistance Patterns in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Romania-A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39766609}, issn = {2079-6382}, abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified concerns over bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance, particularly in Romania. This systematic review explores bacterial infection patterns and resistance during the pandemic to address critical gaps in knowledge. Methods: A systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Scopus, focusing on studies of bacterial infections from 2020 to 2022. Articles on bacterial infections in Romanian patients during the pandemic were analyzed for demographic data, bacterial trends, and resistance profiles. Results: A total of 87 studies were included, detailing over 20,000 cases of bacterial infections. The review found that Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were the most frequently identified pathogens, alongside Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was noted in 24% of the reported strains, with common resistance to carbapenems and cephalosporins. Conclusions: The pandemic has amplified the complexity of managing bacterial infections, particularly in critically ill patients. The rise in MDR bacteria underscores the need for stringent antimicrobial stewardship and infection control measures. Continuous monitoring of bacterial trends and resistance profiles will be essential to improve treatment strategies in post-pandemic healthcare settings.}, }
@article {pmid39766398, year = {2024}, author = {Giménez-Palomo, A and Andreu, H and de Juan, O and Olivier, L and Ochandiano, I and Ilzarbe, L and Valentí, M and Stoppa, A and Llach, CD and Pacenza, G and Andreazza, AC and Berk, M and Vieta, E and Pacchiarotti, I}, title = {Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Biomarker of Illness State in Bipolar Disorder: A Critical Review.}, journal = {Brain sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39766398}, issn = {2076-3425}, abstract = {Mitochondria are organelles involved in different cellular functions, especially energy production. A relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and mood disorders, especially bipolar disorder (BD), has been reported in the scientific literature, which suggests altered energy production and higher levels of oxidative stress compared to healthy controls. Specifically, in BD, the hypothesis of a biphasic pattern of energy availability has been postulated according to mood states. Current evidence highlights the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction in BD and variations between the manic, depressive, and euthymic phases. These findings need to be confirmed in future studies to identify biomarkers that may lead to individualized management of patients with BD and also to identify profiles with a higher risk of presenting an unfavorable course of illness, which would enable the design of preventive and therapeutic strategies in determined subpopulations of patients with BD. The limitations of this review include the non-systematic methodology, variety of mitochondrial-related functions associated with BD, heterogeneous study designs, preliminary evidence for specific findings, and limited recommendations regarding the use of mitochondrial modulators in BD.}, }
@article {pmid39765846, year = {2024}, author = {Costa, B and Gouveia, MJ and Vale, N}, title = {Oxidative Stress Induced by Antivirals: Implications for Adverse Outcomes During Pregnancy and in Newborns.}, journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {13}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39765846}, issn = {2076-3921}, abstract = {Oxidative stress plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes, particularly during pregnancy, where it can significantly affect maternal and fetal health. In the context of viral infections, such as those caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), oxidative stress may exacerbate complications by disrupting cellular function and immune responses. Antiviral drugs, while essential in managing these infections, can also contribute to oxidative stress, potentially impacting both the mother and the developing fetus. Understanding the mechanisms by which antivirals can contribute to oxidative stress and examination of pharmacokinetic changes during pregnancy that influence drug metabolism is essential. Some research indicates that antiretroviral drugs can induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction during pregnancy, while other studies suggest that their use is generally safe. Therefore, concerns about long-term health effects persist. This review delves into the complex interplay between oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, and antiviral therapies, focusing on strategies to mitigate potential oxidative damage. By addressing gaps in our understanding, we highlight the importance of balancing antiviral efficacy with the risks of oxidative stress. Moreover, we advocate for further research to develop safer, more effective therapeutic approaches during pregnancy. Understanding these dynamics is essential for optimizing health outcomes for both mother and fetus in the context of viral infections during pregnancy.}, }
@article {pmid39765324, year = {2025}, author = {Chopra, A and Franko, N and Chow, EJ}, title = {Navigating neurologic post-COVID-19 conditions in adults: Management strategies for cognitive dysfunction, headaches and neuropathies.}, journal = {Life sciences}, volume = {362}, number = {}, pages = {123374}, doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123374}, pmid = {39765324}, issn = {1879-0631}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy/etiology/diagnosis ; *Headache/therapy/etiology/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adult ; *Nervous System Diseases/therapy/etiology/diagnosis ; *Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/therapy/etiology/diagnosis ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; }, abstract = {This review aims to describe the neurologic post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC, also known as "long COVID"), a complex array of diagnoses that can occur following recovery from acute COVID-19. The review also includes clinical considerations for the recognition, diagnosis and management of neurologic manifestations of PCC. Cognitive impairment ("Brain Fog"), headaches, and neuropathies are specifically reviewed.}, }
@article {pmid39765293, year = {2025}, author = {Vosoughi, P and Naghib, SM and Kangarshahi, BM and Mozafari, MR}, title = {A review of RNA nanoparticles for drug/gene/protein delivery in advanced therapies: Current state and future prospects.}, journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules}, volume = {295}, number = {}, pages = {139532}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.139532}, pmid = {39765293}, issn = {1879-0003}, mesh = {Humans ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry/therapeutic use ; *RNA/chemistry/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; *Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Nanotechnology/methods ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; *Gene Transfer Techniques ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Nanomedicine/methods ; }, abstract = {Nanotechnology involves the utilization of materials with exceptional properties at the nanoscale. Over the past few years, nanotechnologies have demonstrated significant potential in improving human health, particularly in medical treatments. The self-assembly characteristic of RNA is a highly effective method for designing and constructing nanostructures using a combination of biological, chemical, and physical techniques from different fields. There is great potential for the application of RNA nanotechnology in therapeutics. This review explores various nano-based drug delivery systems and their unique features through the impressive progress of the RNA field and their significant therapeutic promises due to their unique performance in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a significant hurdle in fully harnessing the power of RNA drugs lies in effectively delivering RNA to precise organs and tissues, a critical factor for achieving therapeutic effectiveness, minimizing side effects, and optimizing treatment outcomes. There have been many efforts to pursue targeting, but the clinical translation of RNA drugs has been hindered by the lack of clear guidelines and shared understanding. A comprehensive understanding of various principles is essential to develop vaccines using nucleic acids and nanomedicine successfully. These include mechanisms of immune responses, functions of nucleic acids, nanotechnology, and vaccinations. Regarding this matter, the aim of this review is to revisit the fundamental principles of the immune system's function, vaccination, nanotechnology, and drug delivery in relation to the creation and manufacturing of vaccines utilizing nanotechnology and nucleic acids. RNA drugs have demonstrated significant potential in treating a wide range of diseases in both clinical and preclinical research. One of the reasons is their capacity to regulate gene expression and manage protein production efficiently. Different methods, like modifying chemicals, connecting ligands, and utilizing nanotechnology, have been essential in enabling the effective use of RNA-based treatments in medical environments. The article reviews stimuli-responsive nanotechnologies for RNA delivery and their potential in RNA medicines. It emphasizes the notable benefits of these technologies in improving the effectiveness of RNA and targeting specific cells and organs. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of different RNA drugs and how they work to produce therapeutic benefits. Recent progress in using RNA-based drugs, especially mRNA treatments, has shown that targeted delivery methods work well in medical treatments.}, }
@article {pmid39764822, year = {2024}, author = {Gil, MG and Plumed, RM and Grynovska, M}, title = {"Thoracic anesthesia in patients with airborne disease".}, journal = {Best practice &amp; research. Clinical anaesthesiology}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {32-37}, doi = {10.1016/j.bpa.2024.04.001}, pmid = {39764822}, issn = {1878-1608}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Anesthesia/methods ; Aerosols ; Airway Management/methods ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention &amp; control ; Intubation, Intratracheal/methods ; Thoracic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Bronchoscopy/methods ; }, abstract = {Health care workers are at risk of infection from aerosolization of respiratory secretions, droplet and contact spread. This has gained great importance after the COVID19 pandemic. Intra-operative aerosol-generating procedures are arguably unavoidable in the routine provision of thoracic anesthesia. Airway management for such patients during the COVID-19 pandemic including tracheal intubation, lung isolation, one-lung ventilation and flexible bronchoscopy may pose a significant risk to healthcare professionals and patients. The thoracic anesthetic community has been confronted with the need to modify existing techniques to maximize safety for patients and healthcare professionals.}, }
@article {pmid39764818, year = {2024}, author = {Wong, MJ and Kodali, BS and Rex, S}, title = {Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and pregnancy.}, journal = {Best practice &amp; research. Clinical anaesthesiology}, volume = {38}, number = {3}, pages = {293-301}, doi = {10.1016/j.bpa.2024.10.006}, pmid = {39764818}, issn = {1878-1608}, mesh = {Humans ; *Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *COVID-19/therapy ; *Pregnancy Complications/therapy ; }, abstract = {Critical illness during pregnancy poses significant challenges driven by complex interactions between physiological changes, pre-existing conditions, and healthcare disparities. In high-income countries, increasing maternal age and comorbidities complicate obstetric care by triggering an unprecedented rise in cardiac disease during pregnancy, while infections like influenza and COVID-19 are important causes of maternal adult respiratory distress syndrome. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) gained prominence as a vital intervention, providing respiratory and/or cardiac support, for varying indications between antenatal and postpartum periods. The physiological changes of pregnancy demand close attention and adjustment of ECMO parameters, along with multidisciplinary collaboration. While potential complications such as bleeding and thromboembolism require vigilant management and optimal management of ECMO support in pregnancy still needs to be elucidated, ECMO nevertheless yields favorable maternal and fetal outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39764762, year = {2025}, author = {Li, R and Wu, D and Zhu, L and Mi, T and Jia, S and Ren, Z}, title = {The association between family resilience and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: A three-level meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of health psychology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {13591053241311572}, doi = {10.1177/13591053241311572}, pmid = {39764762}, issn = {1461-7277}, abstract = {Despite numerous studies observing a positive correlation between family resilience and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, the strength of this association varied considerably in previous research. This study aims to obtain reliable estimates for effect sizes and investigate the potential moderators of the association between family resilience and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Seventeen studies (65 effect sizes, 14,511 participants) were reviewed using a systematic literature search and the PRISMA approach. A three-level meta-analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.504, p < 0.001) between family resilience and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, education level significantly moderated this relationship, along with the type of psychological well-being and the measures used for assessment. These findings highlight the critical role of family resilience in enhancing psychological well-being and emphasize the importance of considering educational factors in designing interventions to improve psychological outcomes during pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid39764350, year = {2024}, author = {Ahmadi, S and Amirzadeh, M and Ahmadi, M and Soleiman-Meigooni, S}, title = {From Outbreaks to Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review of Monkeypox Virus Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccination, and Deep Learning Applications.}, journal = {Journal of tropical medicine}, volume = {2024}, number = {}, pages = {6688914}, pmid = {39764350}, issn = {1687-9686}, abstract = {Objectives: After the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns over virus transmission have risen. A state of health emergency was declared in 2022 due to Clade 2 of the monkeypox (MPOX) virus. In August 2024, another emergency was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) because of the widespread Clade 1b, which caused a more severe and lethal disease. This review synthesizes current MPOX knowledge to assist policymakers, clinicians, and researchers in developing effective diagnostics, therapeutic interventions, vaccination strategies, and outbreak management. Methods: This systematic review study searched for articles on virus epidemiology, virology, clinical features, transmission routes, available drugs and vaccines, and new artificial intelligence (AI) applications in diagnosis and drug discovery. Results: MPOX virus is a 200-250-nm, double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) virus that causes smallpox-like skin lesions. Tecovirimat is the primary drug for severe cases, especially in people with suppressed immune systems. Smallpox vaccines can help prevent MPOX infection because of the genetic similarities between the MPOX and smallpox viruses. AI-based models can assist medical teams in promptly diagnosing MPOX skin lesions, improving decision-making for treatment. Conclusion: This review highlights the importance of using traditional public health knowledge alongside modern AI to manage MPOX outbreaks effectively. It shows that we need strong public health policies, focused interventions, and ongoing research on how AI can help control infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39764224, year = {2024}, author = {Mirghani, H and Begum, S}, title = {Vitamin D supplementations and mortality among patients with moderate/severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.}, journal = {Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {29}, number = {}, pages = {68}, pmid = {39764224}, issn = {1735-1995}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with severe COVID 19 and poor outcomes. However, the role of Vitamin D supplementation on mortality is controversial. The current meta analysis aimed to investigate the same among patients with COVID 19.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched six databases from inception up to July 2023. The keywords used were COVID 19, SARS COV 2, mortality, Vitamin D, calcitriol, cholecalciferol, Calcifediol, survival, death, small dose, and high dose. Eight hundred and sixteen studies were retrieved, 103 full texts were screened, and 14 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta analysis. A structured checklist was used to gather the author's name, country, year of publication, Vitamin D dose, age, sex, number of patients, mortality, and comorbidities. The Cochrane system for meta analysis (RevMan, version 5.4) was used for the data analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: No association was found between Vitamin D supplementation and mortality among patients with COVID 19, odd ratio, 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84-1.59, and P = 0.36. No difference between high and low dose Vitamin D supplementation, odd ratio, 0.65, 95% CI, 0.37-1.57, and P = 0.13. In a sub analysis, no significant statistical difference was found between low dose Vitamin D supplementation versus placebo, and when considering patients who were Vitamin D deficient, odd ratio, 1.10, 95% CI, 0.74-1.63. The P = 0.64 and, odd ratio, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.71-1.40, and P = 0.97 respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: No association was evident between Vitamin D supplementation and mortality among patients with COVID 19 irrespective of doses and Vitamin D status. Further studies are needed to address the timing and frequency of Vitamin D supplementations.}, }
@article {pmid39763658, year = {2024}, author = {Costanza, A and Amerio, A and Aguglia, A and Magnani, L and Parise, A and Nguyen, KD and Berardelli, I and Pompili, M and Amore, M and Serafini, G}, title = {Inflammatory pathology in depression and suicide: a mechanistic distillation of clinical correlates.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1479471}, pmid = {39763658}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *Suicide/psychology ; *Depression/immunology ; *Inflammation/immunology ; Animals ; }, abstract = {The association between inflammation with depression and suicide has prompted many investigations of the potential contributors to inflammatory pathology in these psychiatric illnesses. However, a distillation of diverse clinical findings into an integrated framework of the possible involvement of major physiological processes in the elicitation of pathological inflammation in depression and suicide has not yet been explored. Therefore, this review aims to provide a concise synthesis of notable clinical correlates of inflammatory pathology in subjects with various depressive and suicidal clinical subtypes into a mechanistic framework, which includes aberrant immune activation, deregulated neuroendocrine signaling, and impaired host-microbe interaction. These issues are of significant research interest as their possible interplays might be involved in the development of distinct subtypes of depression and suicide. We conclude the review with discussion of a pathway-focused therapeutic approach to address inflammatory pathology in these psychiatric illnesses within the realm of personalized care for affected patients.}, }
@article {pmid39762924, year = {2024}, author = {Park, WB and Hwang, YH and Kwon, KT and Noh, JY and Park, SH and Song, JY and Choo, EJ and Choi, MJ and Choi, JY and Heo, JY and Choi, WS and , }, title = {COVID-19 Vaccination Recommendations for 2024-2025 in Korea.}, journal = {Infection &amp; chemotherapy}, volume = {56}, number = {4}, pages = {453-460}, pmid = {39762924}, issn = {2093-2340}, abstract = {The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases has been regularly publishing guidelines for adult immunization since 2007. Following the release of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination recommendations in 2023, significant changes have occurred due to the emergence of new variant strains and the waning immunity from previous vaccinations. This article provides a comprehensive update as of November 2024, incorporating the latest evidence and guidelines. Focusing on the 2024-2025 season, this article reviews vaccines currently authorized in Korea and assesses their effectiveness against the predominant JN.1 lineage variants. The updated recommendations prioritize high-risk groups, including adults aged 65 and older, individuals with underlying medical conditions, residents of facilities vulnerable to infection, pregnant women, and healthcare workers, for vaccination with updated vaccines targeting the JN.1 strain. Additionally, COVID-19 vaccination is available for all individuals aged 6 months and older. For most adults, a single-dose strategy is emphasized, while tailored schedules may be recommended for immunocompromised individuals. This update aims to optimize vaccination strategies in Korea to ensure comprehensive protection for high-risk populations.}, }
@article {pmid39762875, year = {2025}, author = {Fu, Q and Zhao, X and Hu, J and Jiao, Y and Yan, Y and Pan, X and Wang, X and Jiao, F}, title = {mRNA vaccines in the context of cancer treatment: from concept to application.}, journal = {Journal of translational medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {12}, pmid = {39762875}, issn = {1479-5876}, support = {ZR2023MH262//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; ZR2023MH367//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; JJ2022A04-B009//Key Military Project of Theoretical Research Program/ ; }, mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Cancer Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Immunotherapy/methods ; *mRNA Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; *Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; }, abstract = {Immuno-oncology has witnessed remarkable advancements in the past decade, revolutionizing the landscape of cancer therapeutics in an encouraging manner. Among the diverse immunotherapy strategies, mRNA vaccines have ushered in a new era for the therapeutic management of malignant diseases, primarily due to their impressive impact on the COVID-19 pandemic. In this comprehensive review, we offer a systematic overview of mRNA vaccines, focusing on the optimization of structural design, the crucial role of delivery materials, and the administration route. Additionally, we summarize preclinical studies and clinical trials to provide valuable insights into the current status of mRNA vaccines in cancer treatment. Furthermore, we delve into a systematic discussion on the significant challenges facing the current development of mRNA tumor vaccines. These challenges encompass both intrinsic and external factors that are closely intertwined with the successful application of this innovative approach. To pave the way for a more promising future in cancer treatments, a deeper understanding of immunological mechanisms, an increasing number of high-quality clinical trials, and a well-established manufacturing platform are crucial. Collaborative efforts between scientists, clinicians, and industry engineers are essential to achieving these goals.}, }
@article {pmid39762782, year = {2025}, author = {Nascimento Silva, P and Nascimento Silva, S}, title = {Open government data in health sector: a systematic literature review open government data in health sector.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {47}, pmid = {39762782}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {Access to Information ; *Public Health ; *Information Dissemination ; Humans ; COVID-19 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Open government data (OGD) in the health sector consolidates transparency, access to information, and collaboration between the government and different sectors of society. It is an essential instrument for health systems and researchers to generate initiatives, drive innovations, and qualify decision-making, whether in health emergencies or supporting the creation of more effective public policies. This review aimed to identify OGD initiatives in healthcare and their possible applications.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo databases up to February 12, 2024. Eligibility criteria included original studies that addressed OGD initiatives in public health. Studies using open data to prepare other analyses, reviews, and opinion articles were excluded. The quality methodological of related studies was based on the JBI Critical Appraisal tool. Data extraction included the location of the application, description of the initiative/use of data, themes addressed, data quality, and respective evaluation tools.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 3,176 records initially identified, six studies were included describing initiatives to make available datasets or portals that publish OGD in the healthcare area between 2020 and 2023. Most publications evaluated quality and usability requirements, with five related to the COVID-19 pandemics. There is significant heterogeneity in the data formats available, obtaining, on average, a 3-star rating in the Berners-Lee evaluation model. The availability of open data presents geographic differences, with regions being more developed than others in both the most comprehensive and the most regionalized studies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Few studies using OGD in health were identified in the scientific literature. The heterogeneity of open data formats, the lack of standards, and the quality of the data point to limitations and the need for improvements to enable the use and reliable reuse of this data.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42024498446.}, }
@article {pmid39760917, year = {2025}, author = {Zailani, H and Satyanarayanan, SK and Liao, WC and Su, KP and Chang, JP}, title = {Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with COVID-19: A Review.}, journal = {Current nutrition reports}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {12}, pmid = {39760917}, issn = {2161-3311}, support = {MOST 109-2320-B-038-057- MY3, 110-2321-B-006-004, 110-2811-B-039-507, 110-2320-B-039-048-MY2,110-2320-B-039- 047-MY3, 110-2813-C-039-327-B, 110-2314-B-039-029-MY3, 111-2321-B-006-008, and NSTC 111-2314-B-039-041-MY3//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ ; MOST 109-2320-B-038-057- MY3, 110-2321-B-006-004, 110-2811-B-039-507, 110-2320-B-039-048-MY2,110-2320-B-039- 047-MY3, 110-2813-C-039-327-B, 110-2314-B-039-029-MY3, 111-2321-B-006-008, and NSTC 111-2314-B-039-041-MY3//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/ ; ANHRF 109-31, 109-40, 110-13, 110-26, 110-44, 110-45, 111-27, 111-28, 111-47, 111-48, and 111-52//An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan/ ; CMRC-CMA-2//Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education, Taiwan/ ; CMRC-CMA-2//Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education, Taiwan/ ; CMU 110- AWARD-02, 110-N-17, 1110-SR-73//China Medical University, Taiwan/ ; CMU 110- AWARD-02, 110-N-17, 1110-SR-73//China Medical University, Taiwan/ ; DMR-106-101, 106-227, 109-102, 109-244, 110-124, 111-245, 112-097, 112-086, 112-109 and DMR-HHC-109-11, HHC-109-12, HHC-110-10, and HHC-111-8//China Medical University Hospital/ ; DMR-106-101, 106-227, 109-102, 109-244, 110-124, 111-245, 112-097, 112-086, 112-109 and DMR-HHC-109-11, HHC-109-12, HHC-110-10, and HHC-111-8//China Medical University Hospital/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/diagnosis/diet therapy/immunology ; *Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration &amp; dosage ; Inflammation/diet therapy/immunology ; Lung/drug effects/immunology/physiopathology ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; *Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications/diet therapy/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Mounting evidence indicates that individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) face a heightened risk of severe outcomes upon contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Current medications for COVID-19 often carry side effects, necessitating alternative therapies with improved tolerance. This review explores the biological mechanisms rendering COPD patients more susceptible to severe COVID-19 and investigates the potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in mitigating the severity of COVID-19 in COPD patients.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Current evidence indicates that COPD patients are at an increased risk of severe COVID-19&#xa0;due to factors including compromised pulmonary function, dysregulated inflammation, weakened immune response, increased oxidative stress, elevated expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptors in the lungs, and genetic predispositions. Remarkably, n-3 PUFAs exhibit the potential in ameliorating the clinical outcomes of COPD patients with COVID-19 by modulating inflammation, reinforcing the body's antioxidant defenses, reducing viral entry and replication, and enhancing immunity. N-3 PUFAs hold potential for improving COVID-19 outcomes in patients with COPD. However, there has been limited investigation into the therapeutic effects of n-3 PUFAs in enhancing clinical outcomes for COPD patients. Rigorous clinical studies are essential to evaluate the impact of n-3 PUFAs on COPD patients with concurrent COVID-19 infection.}, }
@article {pmid39760492, year = {2025}, author = {Gunawardene, CD and Wong, L-YR}, title = {Betacoronavirus internal protein: role in immune evasion and viral pathogenesis.}, journal = {Journal of virology}, volume = {99}, number = {2}, pages = {e0135324}, pmid = {39760492}, issn = {1098-5514}, support = {R00 AI170996/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {*Immune Evasion ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity/immunology/genetics ; *Viral Proteins/immunology/genetics/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate ; Animals ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/pathogenicity/immunology ; Interferon Type I ; }, abstract = {Betacoronaviruses express a small internal (I) protein that is encoded by the same subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) as the nucleocapsid (N) protein. Translation of the +1 reading frame of the N sgRNA through leaky ribosomal scanning leads to expression of the I protein. The I protein is an accessory protein reported to evade host innate immune responses during coronavirus infection. Previous studies have shown that the I proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus suppress type I interferon production by distinct mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the I proteins of betacoronaviruses from different subgenera, with emphasis on its function and role in pathogenesis.}, }
@article {pmid39760348, year = {2025}, author = {Gupte, A and Sriram, S and Gunasekaran, V and Chaudhari, K and Kamat, D}, title = {The Triad of COVID-19 in Children: Acute COVID-19, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, and Long COVID-Part II.}, journal = {Pediatric annals}, volume = {54}, number = {1}, pages = {e40-e44}, doi = {10.3928/19382359-20241106-01}, pmid = {39760348}, issn = {1938-2359}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis/physiopathology ; Child ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is now known to be caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has been a public health threat since early 2020 and has affected millions of people worldwide. Many studies have now shown that this virus exhibits a milder infection in children compared to adults. Acute COVID-19 infection, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and long COVID have been recently well-established in the pediatric population with a myriad of systemic manifestations. This section of the review will focus on the following systems-neurology, psychiatry, endocrinology, hematology, and oncology-under three broad lenses, such as acute COVID-19, MIS-C, and long COVID. [Pediatr Ann. 2025;54(1):e40-e44.].}, }
@article {pmid39760110, year = {2025}, author = {He, X and Li, G and Huang, L and Shi, H and Zhong, S and Zhao, S and Jiao, X and Xin, J and Yin, X and Liu, S and He, Z and Guo, M and Yang, C and Jin, Z and Guo, J and Song, X}, title = {Nonviral targeted mRNA delivery: principles, progresses, and challenges.}, journal = {MedComm}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, pages = {e70035}, pmid = {39760110}, issn = {2688-2663}, abstract = {Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have garnered considerable attention due to their remarkable efficacy in the treatment of various diseases. The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and RSV mRNA vaccine have been approved on the market. Due to the inherent nuclease-instability and negative charge of mRNA, delivery systems are developed to protect the mRNA from degradation and facilitate its crossing cell membrane to express functional proteins or peptides in the cytoplasm. However, the deficiency in transfection efficiency and targeted biological distribution are still the major challenges for the mRNA delivery systems. In this review, we first described the physiological barriers in the process of mRNA delivery and then discussed the design approach and recent advances in mRNA delivery systems with an emphasis on their tissue/cell-targeted abilities. Finally, we pointed out the existing challenges and future directions with deep insights into the design of efficient mRNA delivery systems. We believe that a high-precision targeted delivery system can greatly improve the therapeutic effects and bio-safety of mRNA therapeutics and accelerate their clinical transformations. This review may provide a new direction for the design of mRNA delivery systems and serve as a useful guide for researchers who are looking for a suitable mRNA delivery system.}, }
@article {pmid39760054, year = {2025}, author = {Jami, SA and Helwan, A and Tarin, T and Aysha, M and Mobarak, SA}, title = {Factors affecting poor prognosis of COVID-19 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of co-infection.}, journal = {International journal of health sciences}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {49-55}, pmid = {39760054}, issn = {1658-3639}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the correlation between clinical features and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted for cohort, cross-sectional, and case series that reported co-infection with HIV and COVID-19 published from January to September 2020. Clinical features such as age, comorbidities, CD4[+]T lymphocyte counts, HIV RNA levels, and antiretroviral regimens were evaluated using meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 software.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 24 articles with 939 cases of HIV/COVID-19 co-infection were included in this study. The overall mortality rate was 10.3% (97/939). Older age and comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma, and tumors were significantly associated with increased mortality (95% confidence interval 0.005-0.050, 0.042-2.294, 0.390-2.754, 0.513-2.848, 0.348-3.743, and 1.943-7.101, respectively, P = 0.021, 0.043, 0.012, 0.008, 0.022, and 0.005). There was no significant correlation between mortality and CD4[+]T lymphocyte count <200/&#x3bc;L or >500/&#x3bc;L, HIV RNA level below the detection limit, or antiretroviral drugs (including tenofovir) (all P > 0.05). Improved HIV treatment, complex immune interactions, study population variability, and lack of direct SARS-CoV-2 targeting by ART likely obscure the correlation between CD4[+] counts or ART and COVID-19 mortality in HIV patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: HIV-infected individuals with COVID-19 have a similar prognosis to the general population. However, older age, comorbidities (hypertension and diabetesetc.), and lower CD4[+] T-cell counts are associated with increased mortality. Mainstream anti-HIV drugs do not offer significant protection against COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39759921, year = {2024}, author = {Zalpour, A and Hashemian, M and Geraei, E and Zare-Farashbandi, F}, title = {Health Information Disorders Models: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research}, volume = {29}, number = {6}, pages = {637-648}, pmid = {39759921}, issn = {1735-9066}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the models of Health Information Disorders (HIDs), the components of these models, their study setting, and their designing approaches.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, PubMed, Web Of Science (WOS), Scopus, ProQuest, and Embase databases were searched to identify relevant articles. After screening the identified studies, 22 studies were selected. Data was extracted based on objectives and was combined and summarized by a narrative method.<br><br>RESULTS: The analysis of articles showed most of the included studies presented conceptual models or frameworks that provide a more structured and comprehensive view of a topic. The elements and components of the HID models were categorized into five main components, including information issues, communication issues, psychology issues, social issues and theories. Most studies employed, existing theories, evidence, or principles to design their approaches. The main setting of studies were COVID-19 and related topics such as vaccination.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: By synthesizing the HID models we tried to find the gap among types, components, designing approaches and setting of models. It seems we need some HID models based on contextual frameworks to understand deeply the way of being born, spread and death of HIDs in society. Also, future advancements in HID models should focus on other diseases rather than COVID-19 to provide a holistic approach in diverse healthcare landscapes.}, }
@article {pmid39759854, year = {2024}, author = {Zamani, MR and Šácha, P}, title = {TIM3 in COVID-19; A potential hallmark?.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {10}, number = {23}, pages = {e40386}, pmid = {39759854}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It can manifest as mild to severe flu-like and non-flu-like symptoms and signs, which are associated with immune dysfunction and increased mortality. The findings from COVID-19 patients imply a link between immune system abnormalities such as impaired T-cell responses or cytokine imbalances and increased risk for worse clinical outcomes, which has not been fully understood. Owing to the regulatory role of inhibitory immune checkpoints during COVID-19 infection, this review summarizes the available studies concerning the TIM3 as a relatively less characterized immune checkpoint in COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid39758773, year = {2024}, author = {Marchi, S and Guarducci, G and Marotta, MG and Peccetti, B and Viviani, S and Messina, G and Montomoli, E and Martella, V and Camero, M and Trombetta, CM}, title = {Improving the ONE HEALTH approach: a lesson from SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene}, volume = {65}, number = {3}, pages = {E312-E322}, pmid = {39758773}, issn = {2421-4248}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *One Health ; *Zoonoses/prevention &amp; control ; Animals ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Global Health ; Animals, Wild ; Animals, Domestic ; }, abstract = {The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the critical need to enhance the ONE HEALTH approach which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. In this review we report on various animal species that were infected by SARS-CoV-2 virus during the pandemic with the aim to contribute to the One Health approach. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the devastating consequences of zoonotic diseases such as COVID19 and has reiterated the critical role that the health of wildlife, domestic animals, and the environment plays in human health. The pandemic is a lesson learnt on the urgent need for an enhanced ONE HEALTH approach by developing a robust and interconnected global health strategy to effectively prevent and control zoonotic diseases and protect the health of all species on our planet. These efforts are crucial for a sustainable and resilient future for both human and ecological systems.}, }
@article {pmid39758346, year = {2024}, author = {Esposito, S and Sambati, V and Fogliazza, F and Street, ME and Principi, N}, title = {The impact of telemedicine on pediatric type 1 diabetes management: benefits, challenges, and future directions.}, journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1513166}, pmid = {39758346}, issn = {1664-2392}, mesh = {Humans ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy ; *Telemedicine/trends ; Child ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Glycemic Control/methods ; Quality of Life ; Disease Management ; Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Telemedicine (TM) has emerged as a valuable tool in managing pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D), particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic when traditional in-person visits were limited. This narrative review examines the impact of TM on patient-provider relationships, glycemic control, and overall diabetes management in children and adolescents with T1D. Studies consistently demonstrate high levels of patient and provider satisfaction with TM, citing increased consultation frequency, reduced travel burdens, and lower associated costs. However, results regarding the effect of TM on glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c levels, are inconsistent. Some studies show significant reductions in HbA1c levels with TM use, while others report outcomes comparable to or less effective than traditional care. The effectiveness of TM also appears to be influenced by the concurrent use of advanced diabetes technologies, such as continuous glucose monitors and automated insulin delivery systems. Furthermore, TM's impact on quality of life and other clinical outcomes beyond glucose management remains underexplored. Methodological limitations, including inconsistent randomization strategies and lack of long-term follow-up, hinder definitive conclusions. Despite these uncertainties, TM offers several advantages, such as improved accessibility and patient engagement, which may justify its broader implementation. Future research should focus on optimizing TM approaches to enhance glycemic control and quality of life, identifying the most effective strategies for specific patient groups, and addressing technological and economic barriers. This review highlights the need for comprehensive, long-term studies to fully understand TM's potential in pediatric T1D management and its integration into standard care practices.}, }
@article {pmid39758344, year = {2024}, author = {Chen, J and Xue, J and Chen, J and Xie, T and Sui, X and Zhang, Y and Zhang, A and Xu, Y and Chen, J}, title = {A comprehensive examination and analysis of the effectiveness and safety of finerenone for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1461754}, pmid = {39758344}, issn = {1664-2392}, mesh = {Humans ; *Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy ; Naphthyridines/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; COVID-19/complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The study will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of finerenone in patients diagnosed with diabetic kidney disease (DKD).<br><br>METHODS: Various databases including PubMed, Sinomed, Web of Science, Embase, Clinical Trials, and Cochrane Library were systematically reviewed for pertinent studies published from the beginning to February 2024.This meta-analysis utilized RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.1.<br><br>RESULTS: The analysis of 4 randomized controlled trials involving 13,943 participants found that finerenone treatment significantly decreased the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio compared to placebo. Additionally, the risk of COVID-19, cardiovascular events, and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) reduction of at least 40% were all significantly lower in the finerenone treatment group. However, the finerenone group did experience higher baseline increases in serum potassium levels. The meta-analysis revealed that there was no variation in the likelihood of general negative outcomes (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.98, 1.01, I[2] = 0%) and the occurrence of cancers (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.83, 1.18,I[2] = 0%) among the two categories.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that finerenone has the potential to lower the chances of end-stage kidney disease, renal failure and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with diabetic kidney disease. It is important to monitor for hyperkalemia risk. The administration of finelidone among individuals with diabetic kidney disease may potentially mitigate the susceptibility to contracting COVID-19.<br><br>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024536612.}, }
@article {pmid39757876, year = {2025}, author = {Choo, LX and Ng, IKS and Tan, LF and Teo, DB}, title = {Clinical practice in an age of medical misinformation and conspiracy theories.}, journal = {Internal medicine journal}, volume = {55}, number = {1}, pages = {158-164}, doi = {10.1111/imj.16588}, pmid = {39757876}, issn = {1445-5994}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Communication ; *Social Media ; *Physician-Patient Relations ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Deception ; }, abstract = {Medical misinformation (false health or medical-related information) has seen a rapid increase in volume recently, with the global surge in social media usage and further exacerbation by the COVID-19 pandemic. This may put more lives at stake, as misinformation is an often-cited reason that people make dangerous health choices, engage in harmful practices and reject beneficial health treatments. In this article, we explore the drivers and consequences, as well as suggest several strategies at the personal, educational and systemic level, for physicians to guide and communicate with patients who subscribe to medical misinformation.}, }
@article {pmid39757745, year = {2025}, author = {Grelewska-Nowotko, K and Elhag, AE and Turowski, TW}, title = {Transcription Kinetics in the Coronavirus Life Cycle.}, journal = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {e70000}, pmid = {39757745}, issn = {1757-7012}, support = {2021/01/1/NZ1/00010//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; PPN/PPO/2020/2/00004/U/00001//Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej/ ; }, mesh = {*Coronavirus/genetics/metabolism ; Kinetics ; RNA, Viral/metabolism/genetics ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/metabolism/genetics ; Humans ; Virus Replication ; Transcription, Genetic ; Animals ; }, abstract = {Coronaviruses utilize a positive-sense single-strand RNA, functioning simultaneously as mRNA and the genome. An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) plays a dual role in transcribing genes and replicating the genome, making RdRP a critical target in therapies against coronaviruses. This review explores recent advancements in understanding the coronavirus transcription machinery, discusses it within virus infection context, and incorporates kinetic considerations on RdRP activity. We also address steric limitations in coronavirus replication, particularly during early infection phases, and outline hypothesis regarding translation-transcription conflicts, postulating the existence of mechanisms that resolve these issues. In cells infected by coronaviruses, abundant structural proteins are synthesized from subgenomic RNA fragments (sgRNAs) produced via discontinuous transcription. During elongation, RdRP can skip large sections of the viral genome, resulting in the creation of shorter sgRNAs that reflects the stoichiometry of viral structural proteins. Although the precise mechanism of discontinuous transcription remains unknown, we discuss recent hypotheses involving long-distance RNA-RNA interactions, helicase-mediated RdRP backtracking, dissociation and reassociation of RdRP, and RdRP dimerization.}, }
@article {pmid39757466, year = {2025}, author = {Maccari, R and Ottanà, R}, title = {In Search for Inhibitors of Human Aldo-Keto Reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) as Novel Agents to Fight Cancer and Chemoresistance: Current State-of-the-Art and Prospects.}, journal = {Journal of medicinal chemistry}, volume = {68}, number = {2}, pages = {860-885}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01116}, pmid = {39757466}, issn = {1520-4804}, mesh = {Humans ; *Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects ; *Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; *Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology ; *Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; *Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 member B10/metabolism ; Aldo-Keto Reductases/metabolism/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; }, abstract = {Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is a human enzyme that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of several different carbonyl compounds to the corresponding alcohols. Under physiological conditions, AKR1B10 is expressed mainly in the gastrointestinal tract, where it can detoxify reactive carbonyl compounds derived from dietary sources and xenobiotics. AKR1B10 is highly expressed in several cancers and precancerous conditions, proving to be crucially implicated in carcinogenesis and to function as a prognostic indicator of tumor development. Moreover, AKR1B10 up-regulation is strictly related to acquired resistance to known anticancer drugs. High levels of this enzyme are also correlated to the pathogenesis of noncancerous diseases, such as skin pathologies and COVID-19 complications. Therefore, in the last two decades, AKR1B10 has attracted interest as a novel target for agents able to fight both cancer and chemoresistance, and here, it is explored from a medicinal chemistry perspective.}, }
@article {pmid39757102, year = {2025}, author = {Song, LC and Xie, LX}, title = {[Clinical update in critical care of pulmonary medicine 2024].}, journal = {Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {84-89}, doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20241010-00590}, pmid = {39757102}, issn = {1001-0939}, support = {2021YFC0122500//China National Key Grant/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Critical Care/methods ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy ; Pulmonary Medicine/methods/trends ; Machine Learning ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; COVID-19 ; Lung ; }, abstract = {This review outlines significant clinical research developments in the field of critical care respiratory medicine from October 2023 to September 2024. In the post-pandemic era, the new global definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has improved practicality and early warning capabilities, although further refinement through respiratory mechanics and multi-omics approaches is required. Novel patterns of pulmonary microbiota distribution in ARDS patients have emerged, with microbiota-host immune interactions significantly influencing clinical outcomes. Limitations of conventional antiviral and broad-spectrum immunosuppressive therapies have prompted exploration of novel approaches in cell survival regulation and immune maintenance, while modulation of fibroblast phenotypic transformation holds promise for effective repair after severe lung injury. The development of risk prediction tools and machine learning models, which integrate multidimensional bioinformatics data, presents novel opportunities for stratified patient management in critical care and the implementation of intelligent ICU systems. Personalized respiratory support has progressed in the areas of optimal oxygenation targets, positive end-expiratory pressure titration, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. While breakthrough therapeutic agents remain elusive, innovations in traditional critical care medication management (vasopressors, sedatives, and proton pump inhibitors) have yielded significant benefits, demonstrating that the field continues to evolve towards more personalized approaches.}, }
@article {pmid39756867, year = {2025}, author = {Peng, Y and Zou, Y and Asakawa, T}, title = {The glamor of and insights regarding hydrotherapy, from simple immersion to advanced computer-assisted exercises: A narrative review.}, journal = {Bioscience trends}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {10-30}, doi = {10.5582/bst.2024.01356}, pmid = {39756867}, issn = {1881-7823}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hydrotherapy/methods/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/therapy ; *Musculoskeletal Diseases/therapy ; *Nervous System Diseases/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Therapy, Computer-Assisted/methods ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; Immersion ; }, abstract = {Water-based therapy has been gaining attention in recent years and is being widely used in clinical settings. Hydrotherapy is the most important area of water-based therapy, and it has distinct advantages and characteristics compared to conventional land-based exercises. Several new techniques and pieces of equipment are currently emerging with advances in computer technologies. However, comprehensive reviews of hydrotherapy are insufficient. Hence, this study reviewed the status quo, mechanisms, adverse events and contraindications, and future prospects of the use of hydrotherapy. This study aims to comprehensively review the latest information regarding the application of hydrotherapy to musculoskeletal diseases, neurological diseases, and COVID-19. We have attempted to provide a "take-home message" regarding the clinical applications and mechanisms of hydrotherapy based on the latest evidence available.}, }
@article {pmid39756145, year = {2025}, author = {Tang, T and Luo, J and Zhang, D and Lu, Y and Liao, W and Zhang, J}, title = {Innovative design and potential applications of covalent strategy in drug discovery.}, journal = {European journal of medicinal chemistry}, volume = {284}, number = {}, pages = {117202}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.117202}, pmid = {39756145}, issn = {1768-3254}, mesh = {Humans ; *Drug Discovery ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/chemistry/chemical synthesis ; Drug Design ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; ErbB Receptors/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology/chemistry/chemical synthesis ; Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Covalent inhibitors provide persistent inhibition while maintaining excellent selectivity and efficacy by creating stable covalent connections with specific amino acids in target proteins. This technique enables the precise inhibition of previously undruggable targets, lowering the frequency of administration and potentially bypassing drug resistance. Because of these advantages, covalent inhibitors have tremendous potential in treating cancer, inflammation, and infectious illnesses, making them extremely important in modern pharmacological research. Covalent inhibitors targeting EGFR, BTK, and KRAS (G12X), which overcome drug resistance and off-target, non-"medicinal" difficulties, as well as covalent inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 M[pro], have paved the way for the development of new antiviral medicines. Furthermore, the use of covalent methods in drug discovery procedures, such as covalent PROTACs, covalent molecular gels, covalent probes, CoLDR, and Dual-targeted covalent inhibitors, preserves these tactics' inherent features while incorporating the advantages of covalent inhibitors. This synthesis opens up new therapeutic opportunities. This review comprehensively examines the use of covalent techniques in drug discovery, emphasizing their transformational potential for future drug development.}, }
@article {pmid39755631, year = {2025}, author = {Morgan, J}, title = {Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAMed) use in medical students: a literature review.}, journal = {BMC medical education}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {20}, pmid = {39755631}, issn = {1472-6920}, mesh = {Humans ; *Students, Medical ; *Education, Medical ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Education, Distance ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Curriculum ; Internet Access ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAMed) is an emergent phenomenon within medical education. The rise of FOAMed resources has meant that medical education needs no longer be confined to the lecture theatre or the hospital setting, but rather, can be produced and shared amongst any individual or group with access to internet and a suitable device. This study presents a review of the use of FOAMed resources by students as part of their university medical education.<br><br>METHOD: A literature search of terms relevant to the topic of FOAMed use by medical students was completed and reviewed. The included results were subsequently analysed and categorised through qualitative analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: The increasingly digital cohort of medical students, fitting into the Gen Z and millennial generations, are generations that have taken strongly to FOAMed resources (Toohey et al., Western J Emerg Med 337-343, 2016, Shorey et al.,&#xa0;Nurse Educ Pract 57:103247, 2021), with many of their learning styles being applicable to the methods of study that students were faced with in the online-heavy medical curriculums due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Marshall and Wolanskyj-Spinner, Mayo Clinc Proceedings 95:1135-7, 2020). However, despite the increasing use of FOAMed resources by these students, observed university study recommendations fail to recommend or integrate these resources into the curriculum. This review presents an exploration of the use of FOAMed resources by students as part of their university medical education.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This literature review found that students are increasingly utilising FOAMed as an integral part of their medical education, demonstrating self-determined learning. However, most of the literature on this topic is of the descriptive type, with little literature available on how universities are incorporating this form of student learning into the formal curriculum.}, }
@article {pmid39755408, year = {2025}, author = {Arrazola, P and Fernández Prada, M and Gil, &#xc1; and Gómez Rial, J and Hernán, C and Menéndez, R and Trilla, A and Ortiz de Lejarazu, R}, title = {New COVID-19 vaccination recommendations in Spain: Optimizing for next seasons.}, journal = {Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {36-46}, doi = {10.1016/j.eimce.2024.08.006}, pmid = {39755408}, issn = {2529-993X}, mesh = {Humans ; Spain ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Vaccination/standards ; Vaccination Coverage/statistics &amp; numerical data/standards ; Adult ; Aged ; Seasons ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Child ; Young Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Despite high initial vaccination rates, Spain's current COVID-19 vaccination coverage in recommended groups does not meet WHO targets. For the upcoming season, challenges include revising vaccination age, updating risk groups, and unifying criteria with flu vaccine co-administration. European Commission's advance purchase agreements limit access to certain vaccines, and the need for vaccines effective against current variants adds administrative complexities. Spain's COVID-19 vaccination recommendations should adapt to these specific circumstances. Using vaccines effective against predominant variants with appropriate response duration is crucial to protect at-risk populations. Enhancing training and health education campaigns for health professionals and the general public, alongside utilizing tools to simplify vaccination recommendations, can promote higher vaccination rates in Spain. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensure adequate protection and improve vaccination coverage, ultimately achieving better public health outcomes in the face of evolving COVID-19 threats.}, }
@article {pmid39754863, year = {2025}, author = {McKenna, S and Jung, KI and Wolf, JJ and Seo, YJ and Hahm, B}, title = {Multiple sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes modulate influenza virus replication.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {603}, number = {}, pages = {110367}, pmid = {39754863}, issn = {1096-0341}, support = {R01 AI153076/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI162631/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {*Virus Replication ; *Sphingolipids/metabolism ; Humans ; Animals ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/metabolism/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; *Influenza, Human/virology ; *Orthomyxoviridae/physiology ; Mice ; COVID-19/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The sphingolipid network is sustained principally by the balance of bioactive sphingolipid molecules and their regulation by sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes. The components in the lipid system display key functions in numerous cellular and disease conditions including virus infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a fruitful effort to use an inhibitor that blocks the activity of sphingosine kinase (SphK) 2 to cure the devastating disease. Support for the inhibitor came from pre-clinical research on influenza where the inhibitor demonstrated effective protection of mice from influenza-induced morbidity and mortality. This highlights the importance of basic and translational research on the sphingolipid system for improving human health. Multiple sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes have been reported to regulate influenza virus replication and propagation. In this review, the emphasis is placed on the roles of these enzymes that impact influenza virus life cycle and the conceivable mechanisms for the interplay between influenza virus and the sphingolipid pathway.}, }
@article {pmid39754850, year = {2025}, author = {Abodunrin, OR and Olagunju, MT and Huang, X and Wang, J and Hu, Z and Shen, C}, title = {Regional risk factors associated with adverse outcomes of COVID-19 infection among the older adult: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of infection and public health}, volume = {18}, number = {2}, pages = {102632}, doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102632}, pmid = {39754850}, issn = {1876-035X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/mortality/complications ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; Europe/epidemiology ; Asia/epidemiology ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; Comorbidity ; Aged, 80 and over ; Age Factors ; Sex Factors ; }, abstract = {The rapid global spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in millions of infections and deaths, particularly impacting older adults. This study systematically analyzes risk factors reported in different geographical regions such as Asia and Europe that are associated with adverse outcomes in older adults with COVID-19. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched five databases up to December 2023 and conducted meta-analyses of odds ratios for 27 risk factors reported in at least two studies using R software (version 4.3.2). Our meta-analysis identified 19 risk factors linked to adverse outcomes, with many of them common across regions, particularly in Asia and Europe. Key factors include old age (above 65 years), male gender, symptoms such as fever and dyspnea, and comorbidities like dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic heart disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and malnutrition. Laboratory biomarkers such as low oxygen saturation, thrombocytopenia, and elevated D-dimer were also associated with adverse outcomes. COVID-19 patients in Asia and Europe who are older adults, male, or have specific symptoms combined with underlying health conditions are at an increased risk of progressing to severe illness or mortality.}, }
@article {pmid39754403, year = {2025}, author = {Nawa, H and Murakami, M}, title = {Neurobiology of COVID-19-Associated Psychosis/Schizophrenia: Implication of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling.}, journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology reports}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {e12520}, pmid = {39754403}, issn = {2574-173X}, support = {//Grant for Joint Research Program of the Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University/ ; 21K18242//Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research/ ; 22H02728//Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)/ ; JP20fk0108471//AMED/ ; JP21fk0108489//AMED/ ; JP22ek0510030h0003//AMED/ ; JP223fa627005h0001//AMED/ ; JP20ek0510030h0001//AMED/ ; JP19ek0210125h0001//AMED/ ; JP21zf0127004h0001//AMED/ ; JP20H00502//Scientific Research (A)/ ; JP21K19364//Challenging Exploratory Research/ ; JPMXS0120330644//MEXT Quantum LEAP Flagship Program/ ; JP20fk010847h0001//Research Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases/ ; JP21fk0108489h0001//Research Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/metabolism ; *ErbB Receptors/metabolism ; *Schizophrenia/metabolism/physiopathology/drug therapy ; Animals ; *Signal Transduction ; *Psychotic Disorders/metabolism/physiopathology/etiology/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Brain/metabolism/virology ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 exhibits not only respiratory symptoms but also neurological/psychiatric symptoms rarely including delirium/psychosis. Pathological studies on COVID-19 provide evidence that the cytokine storm, in particular (epidermal growth factor) EGF receptor (EGFR, ErbB1, Her1) activation, plays a central role in the progression of viral replication and lung fibrosis. Of note, SARS-CoV-2 virus (specifically, S1 spike domain) mimics EGF and directly transactivates EGFR, preceding the inflammatory process. In agreement, the anticancer drugs targeting EGFR such as Nimotuzumab and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are markedly effective on COVID-19. However, these data might raise a provisional caution regarding implication of psychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia. The author's group has been investigating the etiologic and neuropathologic associations of EGFR signaling with schizophrenia. There are significant molecular associations between schizophrenia and EGFR ligand levels in blood as well as in the brain. In addition, perinatal challenges of EGFR ligands and intraventricular administration of EGF to rodents and monkeys both resulted in severe behavioral and/or electroencephalographic endophenotypes relevant to this disorder. These animal models also display postpubertal abnormality in soliloquy-like self-vocalization as well as in intercortical functional connectivity. Here, we discuss neuropsychiatric implication of coronavirus infection and its interaction with the EGFR system, by searching related literatures in PubMed database as of the end of 2023.}, }
@article {pmid39754037, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, J and Jiang, T}, title = {Risk factors for bloodstream infection in COVID-19 patients in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {13}, pmid = {39754037}, issn = {1471-2334}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; *Intensive Care Units/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Risk Factors ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Respiration, Artificial/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Male ; Bacteremia/epidemiology ; Female ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Risk factors for bloodstream infection in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) remain unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to study the risk factors for BSI in patients admitted to ICUs for COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to July 2024. Data were reported as combined odds ratio (OR) for categorical variables and weighted mean difference (WMD) for continuous variables.<br><br>RESULTS: 6914 studies were retrieved, of which 55 were included in the meta-analysis. Men (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.28, 95% CI: 1.10-1.50, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.006), high SAPS II score (WMD&#x2009;=&#x2009;6.43, 95% CI: 0.23-12.63, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.042), diabetes (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.34, 95% CI: 1.04-1.73, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.022), tracheal intubation (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;8.68, 95% CI: 4.68-16.08, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), mechanical ventilation (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;22.00, 95% CI: 3.77-128.328, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), ECMO (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.70, 95% CI: 1.17-6.26, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.020), central venous cannulation (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;9.33, 95% CI: 3.06-28.43, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), prolonged ICU stay (WMD&#x2009;=&#x2009;10.37, 95% CI: 9.29-11.44, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), methylprednisolone use (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.24, 95% CI: 1.24-4.04, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.008), and the combination of methylprednisolone and Tocilizumab (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;4.54, 95% CI: 1.09-18.88, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.037) were risk factors for ICU-BSI in COVID-19 patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We identified 10 risk factors for ICU-BSI in COVID-19 patients. In future studies, these factors can be combined to establish a more comprehensive and accurate prediction model for ICU-BSI in COVID-19 patients. Targeted measures can be taken earlier to control BSI.}, }
@article {pmid39753419, year = {2025}, author = {Wu, HH and Chou, WH and Lai, HW and Su, CH and Chien, LJ and Tseng, SH and Chang, SC}, title = {Lessons from COVID-19 in Taiwan's long-term care facilities: A narrative review.}, journal = {Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jfma.2024.12.033}, pmid = {39753419}, issn = {0929-6646}, abstract = {The coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted long-term care facilities (LTCFs), revealing vulnerabilities due to residents' advanced age, comorbidities, and facility infrastructures. In Taiwan, the Central Epidemic Control Center implemented a range of strategies to protect LTCF residents. These included early containment measures to allow time for preparing pharmaceutical intervention, the establishment of infection prevention and control guidelines, the implementation of comprehensive screening and testing protocols, the prioritization of vaccination for both residents and staff, and the expansion of the national stockpile of oral antiviral agents. Measures also addressed protective personal equipment shortages, staffing challenges, integration between social and healthcare services, and accessibility of oral anti-viral agents. All measures were made and adjusted based on community prevalence, evolving knowledge about the virus, and balancing the negative impacts on LTCF residents. These multifaceted efforts effectively mitigated transmission, maintained essential healthcare services, and supported LTCF staff, demonstrating the critical importance of coordinated, adaptive strategies in managing the impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations in LTCFs. By learning from the COVID-19 pandemic, we can develop more effective and resilient responses for managing future epidemics in LTCFs in Taiwan.}, }
@article {pmid39753240, year = {2025}, author = {Buchta, C and De la Salle, B and Marrington, R and Aburto Almonacid, A and Albarède, S and Badrick, T and Bullock, D and Cobbaert, CM and Coucke, W and Delatour, V and Faria, AP and Geilenkeuser, WJ and Griesmacher, A and Huggett, JF and Ianovska, V and Kammel, M and Kessler, A and Körmöczi, GF and Meijer, P and Miranda, A and Patel, D and Pezzati, P and Sandberg, S and Schennach, H and Schweiger, CR and Schwenoha, K and Spannagl, M and Sung, H and Thelen, M and Weykamp, C and Zeichhardt, H and Restelli, V and Perrone, LA}, title = {Behind the scenes of EQA - characteristics, capabilities, benefits and assets of external quality assessment (EQA).}, journal = {Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine}, volume = {63}, number = {5}, pages = {898-915}, pmid = {39753240}, issn = {1437-4331}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; *Quality Assurance, Health Care/standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Laboratories, Clinical/standards ; Quality Control ; *Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards ; }, abstract = {External quality assessment (EQA) enhances patient safety through the evaluation of the quality of laboratory-based and point of care testing. Regulatory agencies and accreditation organizations utilize the results and the laboratory's response to them as part of assessing the laboratory's fitness to practice. In addition, where EQA samples are commutable and the assigned value has been determined using reference measurement procedures (RMPs), EQA data contributes to the verification of metrological traceability of assays as part of the post-market surveillance of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical devices (IVD-MDs). More broadly, the scientific and medical communities use EQA data to demonstrate that medical laboratory examination procedures are fit for clinical purposes, to evaluate common reference intervals, and inclusion of data in clinical databases. Scientific groups, the IVD industry, reference laboratories and National Metrology Institutes can work with EQA providers to identify measurands, which should urgently be supported by the development of reference materials or methods. The ability of health systems to respond effectively to fast-evolving medical challenges, such as the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, is reliant on EQA to demonstrate confidence in the performance of new laboratory methods and testing services. EQA providers are uniquely positioned to assess the performance of IVD-MDs in addition to individual laboratories and testing sites. Although the primary focus of EQA providers remains the improvement of the performance of individual laboratories, there are many stakeholders who benefit from EQA performance data.}, }
@article {pmid39752919, year = {2025}, author = {Kim, JW and Kim, MS and Kim, HR}, title = {Research review and transcriptomic insights into Benzalkonium chloride inhalation and disease association.}, journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety}, volume = {289}, number = {}, pages = {117610}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117610}, pmid = {39752919}, issn = {1090-2414}, mesh = {*Benzalkonium Compounds/toxicity ; Humans ; *Transcriptome/drug effects ; *Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects ; COVID-19 ; *Disinfectants/toxicity ; }, abstract = {The widespread use of disinfectants, particularly during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, has significantly increased human exposure to biocides, raising concerns about their potential health risks, especially when inhaled. Benzalkonium chloride (BKC), a quaternary ammonium compound commonly used as a disinfectant and preservative, is a notable example because it is frequently used in household products and medical settings. Despite its broad usage, limited research has been conducted on the respiratory and systemic toxicities of BKC. Here, we conducted a research review of the literature on the respiratory toxicity of BKC. This research review suggests that, while current studies imply that BKC may induce respiratory diseases, the evidence remains insufficient. We employed an aerosol exposure model using primary bronchial epithelial cells to simulate inhalation exposure to BKC in humans. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with toxicological pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The results were integrated with gene-disease association databases to explore the links between BKC exposure and respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis. Our study also examined the systemic effects of BKC by analysing the secreted proteins, suggesting possible cardiovascular implications. These findings highlight the need for further research on the health impacts of BKC, particularly its long-term effects, and underscore the importance of regulating its use to minimise the potential health risks associated with exposure via inhalation.}, }
@article {pmid39752894, year = {2025}, author = {Giersing, B and Mo, AX and Hwang, A and Baqar, S and Earle, K and Ford, A and Deal, C and Dull, P and Friede, M and Hall, BF}, title = {Meeting summary: Global vaccine and immunization research forum, 2023.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {46}, number = {}, pages = {126686}, pmid = {39752894}, issn = {1873-2518}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccine Development ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; *Vaccines ; Global Health ; Immunization Programs ; Malaria Vaccines ; Vaccination ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {At the 2023 Global Vaccine and Immunization Research Forum (GVIRF), researchers from around the world gathered in the Republic of Korea to discuss advances and opportunities in vaccines and immunization. Many stakeholders are applying the lessons of Covid-19 to future emergencies, by advancing early-stage development of prototype vaccines to accelerate response to the next emerging infectious disease, and by building regional vaccine research, development, and manufacturing capacity to speed equitable access to vaccines in the next emergency. Recent vaccine licensures include: respiratory syncytial virus vaccines, both for the elderly and to protect infants through maternal immunization; a new dengue virus vaccine; and licensure of Covid-19 vaccines previously marketed under emergency use authorizations. Malaria vaccine implementation is expanding and a second malaria vaccine has been recommended by the World Health Organization. In a setback for human immunodeficiency virus vaccine development, the only remaining Phase 3 trial has been discontinued. In immunization, greater clarity is emerging on the challenges of achieving access and equity, along with strategies to address those challenges. A better understanding of behavioral and social determinants of vaccine uptake and a validated toolkit for measuring and modifying the drivers of vaccination is informing program design and service delivery, contributing to improved uptake. Implementation research, which has been essential for human papillomavirus and malaria vaccine delivery, will be critical for delivering the new respiratory syncytial virus vaccines and for many other vaccines currently in development. The growing diversity of vaccines and complexity of immunization programs are leading to greater interest in simplified regimens, combination vaccines, and other innovations to facilitate delivery. Collaboration emerged as the unifying theme of GVIRF 2023, underscoring that the combined efforts of many contributors have enabled progress thus far, and going forward will continue to be essential to ensure equitable access to vaccines for all.}, }
@article {pmid39750745, year = {2025}, author = {Yang, L and Li, S and Hou, C and Wang, Z and He, W and Zhang, W}, title = {Recent advances in mRNA-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors.}, journal = {Nanoscale}, volume = {17}, number = {7}, pages = {3537-3548}, doi = {10.1039/d4nr04394d}, pmid = {39750745}, issn = {2040-3372}, mesh = {Humans ; *Brain Neoplasms/therapy/genetics ; *Neurodegenerative Diseases/therapy/genetics ; *RNA, Messenger/genetics/therapeutic use ; *Genetic Therapy/methods ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapy is an innovative approach that delivers specific protein-coding information. By promoting the ribosomal synthesis of target proteins within cells, it supplements functional or antigenic proteins to treat diseases. Unlike traditional gene therapy, mRNA does not need to enter the cell nucleus, reducing the risks associated with gene integration. Moreover, protein expression levels can be regulated by adjusting the dosage and degradation rates of mRNA. As a new generation gene therapy strategy, mRNA therapy represents the latest advancements and trends in the field. It offers advantages such as precision, safety, and ease of modification. It has been widely used in the prevention of COVID-19. Unlike acute conditions such as cerebral hemorrhage and stroke that often require immediate surgical or interventional treatments, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and brain tumors progress relatively slowly and face challenges such as the blood-brain barrier and complex pathogenesis. These characteristics make them particularly suitable for mRNA therapy. With continued research, mRNA-based therapeutics are expected to play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of NDs and brain tumors. This paper reviews the preparation and delivery of mRNA drugs and summarizes the research progress of mRNA gene therapy in treating NDs and brain tumors. It also discusses the current challenges, providing a theoretical basis and reference for future research in this field.}, }
@article {pmid39749520, year = {2025}, author = {Raglow, Z and Lauring, AS}, title = {Virus Evolution in Prolonged Infections of Immunocompromised Individuals.}, journal = {Clinical chemistry}, volume = {71}, number = {1}, pages = {109-118}, pmid = {39749520}, issn = {1530-8561}, support = {R01 AI148371/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; COVID-19/immunology/transmission/virology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Virus Shedding ; Virus Diseases/immunology/virology ; Mutation ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many viruses can cause persistent infection and/or viral shedding in immunocompromised hosts. This is a well-described occurrence not only with SARS-CoV-2 but for many other viruses as well. Understanding how viruses evolve and mutate in these patients and the global impact of this phenomenon is critical as the immunocompromised population expands.<br><br>CONTENT: In this review, we provide an overview of populations at risk for prolonged viral shedding, clinical manifestations of persistent viral infection, and methods of assessing viral evolution. We then review the literature on viral evolution in immunocompromised patients across an array of RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, norovirus, influenza, and poliovirus, and discuss the global implications of persistent viral infections in these hosts.<br><br>SUMMARY: There is significant evidence for accelerated viral evolution and accumulation of mutations in antigenic sites in immunocompromised hosts across many viral pathogens. However, the implications of this phenomenon are not clear; while there are rare reports of transmission of these variants, they have not clearly been shown to predict disease outbreaks or have significant global relevance. Emerging methods including wastewater monitoring may provide a more sophisticated understanding of the impact of variants that evolve in immunocompromised hosts on the wider host population.}, }
@article {pmid39749143, year = {2024}, author = {Chowdhury, S and Chowdhury, NS}, title = {Association of Vestibular Neuritis Following COVID-19 Vaccination.}, journal = {Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {e195}, pmid = {39749143}, issn = {2359-7232}, abstract = {Among the various side-effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations, vestibular neuritis (VN) has been found to have some interesting association with the vaccinations. This paper mainly focuses on exploring different associations between COVID-19 vaccination and VN. A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane using MeSH terms for case reports published until July 2023. A total of 6 case reports involving 7 individuals from 6 different countries were documented. Reports were analyzed to identify presenting symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and pathophysiological mechanisms related to the relevant issues. The studies included a diverse range of individuals with ages ranging from 40 to 61 years, with an average age of 51 years and a male predominance. The average time between vaccination and symptom onset was 6.35 days. Prominent clinical features observed in the case reports included acute onset vertigo, nausea, vomiting, nystagmus, and gait instability. Diagnostic studies primarily involved vestibular test and brain imaging. Available treatment options consisted of vestibular suppressants, steroids and vestibular rehabilitation. This review highlights the diverse and clinically relevant associations between COVID-19 vaccination and vestibular neuritis. The findings underscore the importance of conducting further studies to explore the causative links in this correlation and gain a better understanding of the relationship.}, }
@article {pmid39748549, year = {2025}, author = {Le, NP and Cravo, E and Burke, T and Brooks, B and Tucker, A}, title = {Perspective on the Potential Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Through Breast Milk.}, journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health}, volume = {61}, number = {2}, pages = {148-152}, doi = {10.1111/jpc.16755}, pmid = {39748549}, issn = {1440-1754}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/transmission ; *Milk, Human/virology ; *Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention &amp; control ; Female ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Breast Feeding ; Pregnancy ; }, abstract = {AIM: SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible, having infected ~16 million children in the United States. Symptom severity is higher in infants compared to older children, possibly due to their ineligibility for vaccination. Concerns persist that mothers transmit infectious viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 through breast milk. In this review, we discuss the mechanism by which viruses transmit through breast milk, weigh the specific virulence and infectivity of SARS-COV-2, and review current guidelines for minimizing transmission in neonates.<br><br>METHODS: Through available literature, we propose a stepwise pathway for vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The level of risk and probability of infection is assessed based on established mechanisms, reported viral loads, and presence of transmembrane receptors.<br><br>RESULTS: To successfully transmit viruses through breast milk, the virus must infect the mother's breast cells, replicate in the mammary gland, be secreted into breast milk, survive contact with the infant's oral mucosa and digestive tract, infect enterocytes, replicate while evading the infant's immune system, exit the gastrointestinal tract, and enter the bloodstream for systemic infection.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 infection through breast milk has limited transmission risk, and benefits for infants far outweigh the risks, aligning with current AAP/WHO/CDC guidelines. Though close contact during breastfeeding and exposure to respiratory droplets pose a higher transmission risk.}, }
@article {pmid39748156, year = {2025}, author = {Sebire, NJ and Adams, A and Arpiainen, L and Celi, L and Charlesworth, A and Gorgens, M and Gorsky, M and Magrabi, F and Nagasawa, Y and Onoka, C and McKee, M}, title = {The Future Hospital in Global Health Systems: The Future Hospital as an Entity.}, journal = {The International journal of health planning and management}, volume = {40}, number = {3}, pages = {730-740}, pmid = {39748156}, issn = {1099-1751}, support = {NIHR203317//UK Research and Innovation/ ; R01 EB017205/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States ; VS0618//Great Ormond Street Hospital Charity/ ; R01 EB017205/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; U54 TW012043/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States ; R01 EB017205/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Global Health ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Hospitals/trends ; Forecasting ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Health care is changing rapidly. Hospitals are, and will remain, an essential setting to deliver it. We discuss how to maximise the benefits of hospitals in the future in different geographic and health system settings, highlighting a series of cross-cutting issues. We do this by exploring the evolving roles of hospitals and the main factors that we must consider as they adapt. These include changing population and disease profiles, the impact of evolving technology, and new concepts in hospital design and planning. Our focus is on delivering high-quality, patient-centred care while ensuring equitable access, even if strategic decisions require compromise across these functions. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the importance of hospitals in societies while also revealing the limitations of current structures and the potential of technology to transform hospital services within the broader healthcare system. The aim of this multidisciplinary perspective is to provide an overview of pertinent issues whilst highlighting the challenges and opportunities in optimising future hospital planning, construction, design, and development in high-income (HIC) and low -and medium-income country (LMIC) settings.}, }
@article {pmid39747786, year = {2025}, author = {Gawande, MS and Zade, N and Kumar, P and Gundewar, S and Weerarathna, IN and Verma, P}, title = {The role of artificial intelligence in pandemic responses: from epidemiological modeling to vaccine development.}, journal = {Molecular biomedicine}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, pages = {1}, pmid = {39747786}, issn = {2662-8651}, mesh = {Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Vaccine Development/methods ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Machine Learning ; }, abstract = {Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) across numerous disciplines has transformed the worldwide landscape of pandemic response. This review investigates the multidimensional role of AI in the pandemic, which arises as a global health crisis, and its role in preparedness and responses, ranging from enhanced epidemiological modelling to the acceleration of vaccine development. The confluence of AI technologies has guided us in a new era of data-driven decision-making, revolutionizing our ability to anticipate, mitigate, and treat infectious illnesses. The review begins by discussing the impact of a pandemic on emerging countries worldwide, elaborating on the critical significance of AI in epidemiological modelling, bringing data-driven decision-making, and enabling forecasting, mitigation and response to the pandemic. In epidemiology, AI-driven epidemiological models like SIR (Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered) and SIS (Susceptible-Infectious-Susceptible) are applied to predict the spread of disease, preventing outbreaks and optimising vaccine distribution. The review also demonstrates how Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and predictive analytics improve our knowledge of disease propagation patterns. The collaborative aspect of AI in vaccine discovery and clinical trials of various vaccines is emphasised, focusing on constructing AI-powered surveillance networks. Conclusively, the review presents a comprehensive assessment of how AI impacts epidemiological modelling, builds AI-enabled dynamic models by collaborating ML and Deep Learning (DL) techniques, and develops and implements vaccines and clinical trials. The review also focuses on screening, forecasting, contact tracing and monitoring the virus-causing pandemic. It advocates for sustained research, real-world implications, ethical application and strategic integration of AI technologies to strengthen our collective ability to face and alleviate the effects of global health issues.}, }
@article {pmid39747650, year = {2025}, author = {Shah, R and Hanna, NM and Loo, CE and David, M and Mafra, A and Fink, H and McFerran, E and Garcia, M and Ghodssighassemabadi, R and Acharya, S and Niyibaga, J and Langselius, O and Frick, C and Lasebikan, N and Vignat, J and Steinberg, J and Hughes, S and Kircher, CE and Goldie, CL and Egger, S and Sullivan, R and Ginsburg, O and Bray, F and Caruana, M and Hui, H and Ilbawi, AM and Canfell, K and Soerjomataram, I}, title = {The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on delays and disruptions in cancer care services: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Nature cancer}, volume = {6}, number = {1}, pages = {194-204}, pmid = {39747650}, issn = {2662-1347}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; 2021/1187438-0//World Health Organization (WHO)/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; *Neoplasms/therapy/diagnosis/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Global Health ; Pandemics ; *Delivery of Health Care ; Palliative Care ; Early Detection of Cancer ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic substantially impacted the delivery of cancer services and programs. Here we reviewed and synthesized the global scale and impact of pandemic-related delays and disruptions on cancer services, including diagnosis, diagnostic procedures, screening, treatment and supportive and palliative care. Based on data from 245 articles in 46 countries, we observed declines in the number of cancer screening participation (39.0%), diagnoses (23.0%), diagnostic procedures (24.0%) and treatment (28.0%), ranging from a 15.0% decline for radiotherapy to a 35.0% decline for systemic treatment during the pandemic compared to during the prepandemic period. Medium-human development index (HDI) category countries experienced greater reductions than high- and very-high-HDI countries. Missing data from low-HDI countries emphasize the need for increased investments in cancer surveillance and research in these settings. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022301816.}, }
@article {pmid39746674, year = {2024}, author = {Gunaratne, SH and Taylor, BS and Zucker, J and Wilkin, TJ and Tieu, HV}, title = {CROI 2024: The Challenges of Sustained Viral Suppression, Advanced HIV Disease, and Ending the HIV Epidemic Targets.}, journal = {Topics in antiviral medicine}, volume = {32}, number = {4}, pages = {542-567}, pmid = {39746674}, issn = {2161-5853}, mesh = {Humans ; *HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Female ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Namibia/epidemiology ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Sustained Virologic Response ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Oxazines/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Epidemics ; Viral Load/drug effects ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/therapeutic use ; Piperazines/therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; Pyridones/therapeutic use ; Male ; }, abstract = {Data on the HIV care cascade demonstrated challenges in achieving Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) targets across all 18 EHE focus metropolitan areas, but innovative adherence interventions using point-of-care tenofovir testing and motivational interviewing support care cascade outcomes in Namibia and South Africa, respectively. Data on treatment with long-acting injectable (LAI) antiretroviral therapy (ART) demonstrated high acceptability, retention, and virologic suppression including in groups that were not well represented in clinical trials including persons born female and persons with detectable viral loads. The adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine appeared to be safe and appeared to be superior to conventional hepatitis B vaccines in persons with HIV (PWH) who were prior nonresponders to the hepatitis B vaccine. New therapies are in the pipeline for LAI hepatitis C medication that may cure hepatitis C with 1 injection. ACTG (AIDS Clinical Trials Group) A5359 showed that long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine (LA CAB/RPV) can be used effectively in PWH experiencing adherence challenges to oral ART and suggested a paradigm for treating this population with an unmet medical need. Studies on resistance mutations in SARS COV-2 show that treatmentrelated emergent resistance does not appear to contribute to viral rebound or have the potential for transmitted drug resistance. The data presented on HIV and maternal and pediatric health included findings from studies on the implementation of first-line dolutegravir-based ART in pregnant and postpartum women and children, along with results of a phase I/II trial involving LA CAB/RPV in adolescents. Additionally, various abstracts addressed hypertensive disorders in HIV during pregnancy and postpartum periods, as well as the intersection of HIV and mental health in women and youth.}, }
@article {pmid39746673, year = {2024}, author = {Antar, AAR and Peluso, MJ}, title = {CROI 2024: Acute and Post-Acute COVID-19.}, journal = {Topics in antiviral medicine}, volume = {32}, number = {4}, pages = {523-541}, pmid = {39746673}, issn = {2161-5853}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Vaccines ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Immunocompromised Host ; Virus Shedding ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {Studies of acute and post-acute COVID-19, including their biology, prevention, and treatment, were presented at the 2024 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Numerous studies reported on the impact of hybrid immunity (ie, from a combination of prior infection and vaccination) on the natural history, pathogenesis, and outcomes of infection with modern SARS-CoV-2 variants. Several studies demonstrated the continued benefit of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and the effect of treatment, particularly in the setting of severe disease. New data regarding persistent RNA shedding in immunocompromised populations were presented, demonstrating the potential challenges that this phenomenon poses with regard to viral evolution. In addition, there was a continued focus\ on post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 including its clinical manifestations and potential underlying biology. These and other studies are summarized here.}, }
@article {pmid39745654, year = {2025}, author = {Li, J and Zhang, K and Pang, X and Huang, L and Tian, X and Liu, J}, title = {The SwiftScan step-and-shoot continuous mode improves SPECT scanning efficiency: a preliminary phantom and clinical test.}, journal = {EJNMMI physics}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {1}, pmid = {39745654}, issn = {2197-7364}, support = {23YFMA0009//Key Science and Technology Foundation of Gansu Province/ ; CY2022-QN-A19//Lanzhou University Second Hospital/ ; CY2023-MS-B10//Lanzhou University Second Hospital/ ; 24JRRA922//Science and Technology Department of Gansu Province/ ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate the value of SwiftScan Step-and-Shoot Continuous (SSC) scanning mode in enhancing image quality and to explore appropriate scanning parameters for reducing scan time.<br><br>METHODS: This study was composed of a phantom study and two clinical tests. The differences in visual image quality scores, coefficient of variance (COV) of the background, image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and recovery coefficient (RC) of the sphere were compared between SSC mode and traditional Step-and-Shoot (SS) mode in the phantom study. Various "shoot" acquisition times (5s, 10s, 15s) and "step" angles (3-degree, 6-degree, 9-degree) were evaluated and verified. In the clinical tests, bone tomography and parathyroid tomography were performed on 30 patients each. Differences in visual image quality scores, background COV, image SNR, CNR, and standardized uptake value (SUV) of lesions were compared between the two modes.<br><br>RESULTS: In the phantom study, SSC mode demonstrated higher visual scores and significantly reduced background COV (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05), and significantly increased SNR and CNR (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05) compared to SS mode. No significant alteration in RC was observed (P&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05). In the clinical tests, no significant differences were found between the optimal SSC scan combination (10s "shoot" and 6-degree "step")/ (10s "shoot" and 3-degree "step") and the traditional SS scan combination (15s "shoot" and 6-degree "step")/ (15s "shoot" and 3-degree "step") in visual image quality scores, background COV, image SNR, CNR, and SUV of bone and parathyroid high uptake lesions (P&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The SwiftScan SSC mode can reduce acquisition time by 33% while maintaining similar image quality and quantification accuracy compared to SS mode. An SSC scanning protocol with a 10s "shoot" acquisition and 6-degree "step" or with a 10s "shoot" acquisition and 3-degree "step" over a 360-degree rotation, is recommended for clinical use.}, }
@article {pmid39745517, year = {2025}, author = {Wu, J and Li, L and Xu, W and Xia, X and Wu, Y}, title = {Circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2: potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.}, journal = {Functional &amp; integrative genomics}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {4}, pmid = {39745517}, issn = {1438-7948}, mesh = {*RNA, Circular/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *COVID-19/virology/genetics ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; *Biomarkers/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Since December 2019, the global dissemination of a novel coronavirus has precipitated a notable public health crisis, prompting considerable interest and scrutiny from governmental and scholarly entities. Substantial research efforts have been dedicated to exploring diverse facets of this novel coronavirus, encompassing its pathogenesis, transmission dynamics, and therapeutic interventions. Recent findings suggest that circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert a pivotal influence on modulating viral infectivity and immune defense mechanisms. The detection of differentially expressed circRNAs in individuals afflicted with SARS-CoV-2 signifies a noteworthy advancement in understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning viral pathogenesis.}, }
@article {pmid39744758, year = {2025}, author = {Saju, AF and Mukundan, A and Divyashree Ms,  and Chandrashekhar, R and Mahadev Rao, A}, title = {RNA diagnostics and therapeutics: a comprehensive review.}, journal = {RNA biology}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {1-11}, doi = {10.1080/15476286.2024.2449277}, pmid = {39744758}, issn = {1555-8584}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis/therapy/virology ; *Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; *RNA/analysis/genetics/metabolism/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; }, abstract = {RNA-focused therapy and diagnostics have been making waves in molecular biology due to the advantages RNA has over DNA; for instance, the ability of RNA to target nearly any genetic component in the cell is a big step in treating disorders. Moreover, RNA-based diagnosis of diseases is only becoming increasingly popular, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which brought up the need for cost-effective and efficient diagnosing kits for the vast majority. RNA-based techniques also have close to no risk of genotoxicity and can efficiently target undruggable regions of the cell. RNA treatments have effectively shown the future of the medical industry in the past couple of decades, and they will only be seen to improve. This review paper provides an overview on the different techniques that use RNA-based approaches in the field of diagnostics and therapeutics.}, }
@article {pmid39744370, year = {2024}, author = {Koyie, SL and Muehlen, M and Dhand, N and Perrocheau, A}, title = {A scoping review on how field epidemiology training programs are addressing regional and global health priorities.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1490125}, pmid = {39744370}, issn = {2296-2565}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Global Health ; *Epidemiology/education ; Health Priorities ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Public Health/education ; Epidemiologists/education ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Recent global health events underscore the critical need to strengthen public health capacity worldwide, with epidemiologists playing a key role in disease management at the population level. The international community has recognized the importance of enhancing the public health workforce, including epidemiology capacity. This scoping review explores how Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) trainees and graduates have been engaged by their respective health ministries to address public health threats.<br><br>METHODS: A literature search was conducted in electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Google) using specific keywords such as "Epidemiologist," "Field Epidemiologist," and "Health workforce." The search focused on English-language articles published between January 2012 and December 2021. Relevant articles were analyzed descriptively, and data on FETP engagement, impact within health ministries, and career paths were extracted.<br><br>RESULTS: The search yielded 30 studies from various regions globally. FETP graduates and trainees were actively engaged in national health priorities, including COVID-19 responses such as surveillance, rapid response teams, and case investigations. FETPs have significantly contributed by developing surveillance systems, investigating outbreaks, and responding to natural disasters. Many FETP graduates have assumed leadership roles in Ministries of Health, NGOs, and international organizations.<br><br>CONCLUSION: FETP graduates are integral to priority public health programs and have significantly strengthened public health systems worldwide. Their contributions highlight the importance of investing in the public health workforce, including field epidemiology training, to effectively detect and respond to emerging outbreaks. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impact of FETP graduates on public health.}, }
@article {pmid39744363, year = {2024}, author = {Zaidi, I and Vardha, J and Khayum, A and Anjum, S and Chaudhary, S and Bakshi, A and Gill, JK}, title = {Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neglected tropical diseases in India: a perspective.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1366484}, pmid = {39744363}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; India/epidemiology ; *Neglected Diseases/epidemiology ; Tropical Medicine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Vulnerable Populations/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Delivery of Health Care ; Prevalence ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly challenged healthcare systems worldwide, particularly in India, a country already burdened with a high prevalence of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). This perspective examines the pandemic's direct and indirect impacts on the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of NTDs in India. Using a narrative review approach, we analyzed literature published between January 2020 and September 2023 from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, along with grey literature. The focus was on studies reporting the pandemic's influence on NTDs, especially among vulnerable populations in both rural and urban settings. The review incorporated 49 studies, revealing a twofold impact of COVID-19 on India's healthcare. Directly, the surge in COVID-19 cases strained healthcare resources, disrupted services, and overwhelmed healthcare personnel. Indirectly, the pandemic exacerbated the burden of NTDs by delaying diagnoses, limiting access to treatment, and redirecting resources toward pandemic response efforts. These findings highlight the urgent need for resilient healthcare strategies that address both the immediate and long-term impacts of the pandemic on NTDs. By understanding and mitigating these effects, policymakers and public health experts can better protect vulnerable populations from the compounded challenges posed by these neglected diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39744360, year = {2024}, author = {Tahir, IM and Kumar, V and Faisal, H and Gill, A and Kumari, V and Tahir, HM and Haque, MA}, title = {Contagion comeback: unravelling the measles outbreak across the USA.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1491927}, pmid = {39744360}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {*Measles/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/administration &amp; dosage ; Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Measles Vaccine/administration &amp; dosage ; Vaccination Coverage/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Measles, a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the measles virus (MeV), poses significant global and national public health challenges despite advancements in vaccination efforts. Though measles was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000, recent years have seen a resurgence of cases, particularly in under-vaccinated communities. This resurgence is compounded by factors such as vaccine hesitancy, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immunization rates, and international travel introducing new cases from endemic regions. This paper examines the epidemiology and recent measles outbreaks in the United States, focusing on the significant rise in cases from 2020 to 2024. The analysis highlights the importance of maintaining high vaccination coverage, particularly in vulnerable populations, and explores the challenges of managing outbreaks. The study also reviews the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of measles, emphasizing the role of prevention and control measures, including the MMR vaccine, public health interventions, and international cooperation in addressing this persistent threat.}, }
@article {pmid39744350, year = {2024}, author = {Muchangi, JM and Mturi, J and Mukasa, H and Kithuki, K and Kosgei, SJ and Kanyangi, LM and Moraro, R and Kamau, S and Nankanja, M}, title = {Influence of government policies on handwashing and vaccine uptake in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania to prevent and control COVID-19: a systematic review.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1417866}, pmid = {39744350}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Hand Disinfection ; Tanzania ; Kenya ; Uganda ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/supply &amp; distribution ; Health Policy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The government's role in influencing policies related to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine distribution and handwashing practices is essential in controlling the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.<br><br>METHODS: This study aimed to systematically review published studies to explore the influence of government policies on handwashing and vaccine uptake in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania to prevent and control COVID-19. A comprehensive search strategy was applied across three databases, and eligibility was determined using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. We reviewed 9 of 136 research papers following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.<br><br>RESULTS: The findings revealed that the government has a role in influencing policies related to COVID-19 vaccine distribution and handwashing uptake. Employment of public health campaigns and communication strategies by the government in Uganda increased vaccine acceptance and hand hygiene uptake. Similarly, government efforts to make hand hygiene accessible increased the uptake of handwashing in Tanzania. In Kenya, government efforts to increase access to soap and clean water in informal settlements and markets resulted in increased adherence to handwashing practices. Further, government incentives such as cash increased vaccination rates while vaccination reminders combined with cash incentives increased childhood immunization coverage.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Overall, this review indicates that monitoring and enforcing compliance increases vaccine and handwashing uptake across the three countries. The effectiveness of government policies on handwashing and vaccine uptake is influenced by factors such as safety, efficacy and access to information, among others. Therefore, there is a need to address these factors for the successful implementation of these policies.<br><br>PROSPERO ID CRD42023396319, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.}, }
@article {pmid39744286, year = {2024}, author = {Mahajan, U and Bhingraj, M and Mehta, S and Spurrier, E}, title = {Adapting to Change: The Evolution of the Specialty Training Level 3 (ST3) Trauma and Orthopaedics Selection Process Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {16}, number = {12}, pages = {e74952}, doi = {10.7759/cureus.74952}, pmid = {39744286}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The selection process for Specialty Training Level 3 (ST3) in trauma and orthopaedics is a pivotal yet challenging step for aspiring orthopaedic surgeons. Drawing on personal experience and research, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the ST3 selection process, outlining the key stages, including application submission, portfolio evaluation, and interview performance. With recent changes, such as evolving self-assessment scoring criteria and the introduction of a communication station in 2024, candidates face an increasingly dynamic and competitive landscape. This review study explores the challenges faced by both candidates and authorities, including adapting to sudden changes, maintaining fairness, and ensuring robust assessments. By offering insights into the evolution of the selection process and practical advice for preparation, this paper seeks to guide future candidates in navigating the complexities of this rigorous process and contribute to a greater understanding of what is required to succeed in this highly sought-after specialty.}, }
@article {pmid39743984, year = {2025}, author = {Blake, DP}, title = {Eimeria of chickens: the changing face of an old foe.}, journal = {Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A}, volume = {54}, number = {3}, pages = {267-278}, doi = {10.1080/03079457.2024.2441180}, pmid = {39743984}, issn = {1465-3338}, mesh = {Animals ; *Chickens/parasitology ; *Coccidiosis/veterinary/parasitology/economics/epidemiology ; *Poultry Diseases/parasitology/economics/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Eimeria/genetics/physiology/classification ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {ABSTRACTEimeria are globally enzootic parasites that can cause coccidiosis in chickens. Until recently, remarkably little had changed over the last 40 years in the fundamental biology that underpins detection and control of Eimeria. Tools such as microscopy and lesion scoring remain central to diagnosis, and control still relies on routine supplementation of diets with anticoccidial drugs or application of live vaccines. However, refocusing on aspects of economics, molecular biology, and bacteriology that relate to coccidiosis has prompted considerable change in dogma. The cost of coccidiosis in chickens has been difficult to define, but updating models created in the 1990s suggested an annual cost to the global poultry industry of £10.4 billion in 2016, rising to a peak of £12.9 billion in 2022 under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and regional wars. Surveillance using genomic sequence-based diagnostics has suggested the presence of three new Eimeria species, supported by subsequent biological characterization of each line. Use of microbiome sequencing pipelines has revealed the breadth of impact Eimeria infection exerts on enteric microbiota, contributing to dysbiosis and deteriorating litter conditions. Enhanced understanding of Eimeria and the consequences of infection can be used to improve control and diagnosis with relevance to productivity and welfare, creating opportunities to optimize anticoccidial drug use.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSThe cost of coccidiosis in chickens fluctuates considerably, peaking in 2022.Three new Eimeria species can infect chickens and escape current vaccines.Eimeria infection exerts wide-ranging effects on enteric microbiota.}, }
@article {pmid39743579, year = {2024}, author = {Lee, K and Conte, C and Casamassimo, P}, title = {Contemporary Microbiological Challenges in Pediatric Dentistry.}, journal = {Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.)}, volume = {91}, number = {3}, pages = {121-128}, pmid = {39743579}, issn = {1935-5068}, mesh = {Humans ; *Pediatric Dentistry ; Child ; *COVID-19 ; Mouth/microbiology ; Dental Care for Children ; Equipment Contamination ; }, abstract = {Knowledge of microbiology-related issues in dentistry is fundamental to clinical practice and patient care. The purpose of this literature review is to comprehensively describe the roles microbes play in pediatric dental practice, with a special focus on eight continuing and emerging microbiological issues related to waterline safety, dental material contamination, effects of oral bacteria on systemic health, antibiotic resistance, continuing COVID-19 findings and risks associated with animal-assisted therapies. Key points are highlighted on each topic, with current reports demonstrating microbial impacts on human health and clinical settings. Advice and risk management strategies related to patient care and clinical practice are provided.}, }
@article {pmid39743229, year = {2024}, author = {Seo, E and Shin, EC and Jung, MK}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited immune responses in solid organ transplant recipients.}, journal = {Clinical transplantation and research}, volume = {38}, number = {4}, pages = {247-256}, pmid = {39743229}, issn = {3022-7712}, abstract = {Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are considered a high-risk group for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The adaptive immune responses generated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination include humoral and cellular immune responses. Most studies on the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine have focused primarily on humoral immunity, but cellular immunity is vital for effectively controlling progression to severe COVID-19. In SOTRs, the vaccine-induced adaptive immune response is significantly attenuated compared to the response in healthy individuals. Nevertheless, vaccinated SOTRs exhibit a reduced rate and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review aims to provide a concise overview of the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immune responses in SOTRs.}, }
@article {pmid39742962, year = {2025}, author = {Korzeniowska, A and Bryl, E}, title = {Infectious agents in the pathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases.}, journal = {Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine}, volume = {276}, number = {}, pages = {39-45}, doi = {10.1016/j.trsl.2024.12.004}, pmid = {39742962}, issn = {1878-1810}, mesh = {Humans ; *Rheumatic Diseases/virology/immunology/etiology ; *Autoimmune Diseases/virology/immunology/etiology ; COVID-19/immunology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Virus Diseases/immunology/virology ; }, abstract = {Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs) are diseases with complex outset and courses, in which both genetic and environmental factors participate. Many environmental factors can be committed to AIRDs outset and development. The most popular of them, with confirmed impact, are smoking, age, gender, and microorganisms. In light of recent research an assumption about the importance of various microorganisms in the pathogenesis of AIRDs is growing in popularity. The human immune system has various protective mechanisms against infectious antigens which in normal cases let organism manage potential infection faster and more effectively. Unfortunately in some situations, specific errors in those mechanisms can cause an autoreactive response despite mitigation of infection. Viruses including EBV, CMV, and even SARS-CoV2 can cause these errors. This in combination with genetic factors can lead to rheumatic disease development. This research aims to provide a brief review of the role of viruses in the outset and development of AIRDs.}, }
@article {pmid39742402, year = {2024}, author = {Mustafin, RN}, title = {[Viral-epigenetic hypothesis of Parkinson's disease etiopathogenesis.].}, journal = {Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii}, volume = {37}, number = {5}, pages = {499-507}, pmid = {39742402}, issn = {1561-9125}, mesh = {Humans ; *Parkinson Disease/genetics/etiology/virology ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; alpha-Synuclein/genetics/metabolism ; Retroelements/genetics ; Virus Diseases/genetics/complications ; }, abstract = {Data accumulated in scientific literature indicate that Parkinson's disease develops after infections caused by SARS-CoV-2, West Nile, Coxsackie, St. Louis viruses, Japanese encephalitis B, hepatitis B and C, influenza A, HIV, herpes viruses, flaviviruses. Neuroinvasive West Nile viruses and HIV activate expression of alpha-synuclein. Influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, and Coxsackie B3 viruses promote aggregation of alpha-synuclein, which has the biophysical characteristics of antiviral peptides and is required for neuronal interferon-stimulated gene expression. These mechanisms can be triggers of Parkinson's disease, which progression is due to involvement of retroelements activated under their influence, stimulating the interferon response, expression and aggregation of alpha-synuclein in the brain. Direct activation of retroelements of the human genome by the described viral infections has been identified. Additional factors are aging and Parkinson's disease-associated polymorphisms located in intergenic, intronic and regulatory regions where transposon sequences are localized. In addition, the influence of the distribution of retroelements in the genomes of human populations on susceptibility to Parkinson's disease and the role of transposons in monogenic forms of the disease were determined. The effects of pathologically activated retroelements in Parkinson's disease are changes in expression of microRNAs derived from them, which contribute to disruption of epigenetic regulation of genes in the brain and pathology progression. An analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to describe a decrease in the levels of 15 such microRNAs, which can serve as tools for targeted therapy of the disease.}, }
@article {pmid39742024, year = {2024}, author = {Cao, Z and Gao, J and Wu, J and Zheng, Y}, title = {The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.}, journal = {Cardiovascular therapeutics}, volume = {2024}, number = {}, pages = {7288798}, pmid = {39742024}, issn = {1755-5922}, mesh = {*Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/epidemiology/immunology/virology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology/complications ; Humans ; *Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Risk Factors ; Disease Progression ; }, abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 virus not only has significant pathogenicity but also influences the progression of many diseases, altering patient prognosis. Cardiovascular diseases, particularly aortic aneurysms, are among the most life-threatening conditions. Main Idea: COVID-19 infection is reported to accelerate the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and increase the risk of rupture; however, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. This article primarily reviews the relevant foundational research, focusing on disruptions in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), immune system activation, and coagulation disorders. Furthermore, we summarize related clinical research, including the epidemiology of aortic aneurysms during the pandemic and specific case studies. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection can influence the onset and progression of aortic aneurysms by affecting the RAAS, triggering inflammation and immune dysregulation in the arterial wall, and inducing a hypercoagulation state. It is crucial to comprehensively understand the impact of pandemic viral infections on aortic diseases at the foundational and clinical levels, thereby identifying potential preventative or therapeutic approaches and preparing for potential future outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid39741586, year = {2024}, author = {Gong, Y and Xue, Q and Li, J and Zhang, S}, title = {Antifungal peptides from living organisms.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1511461}, pmid = {39741586}, issn = {1664-302X}, abstract = {In the post-COVID-19 era, people are increasingly concerned about microbial infections, including fungal infections that have risen in recent years. However, the currently available antifungal agents are rather limited. Worse still, the widespread use of the antifungal agents has caused the emergence of antifungal resistance in Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus species. Therefore, the development of novel antifungals is urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as components of the first-line defense of the host, are found to exhibit broad antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, and protozoa. AMPs with antifungal activity are specifically referred to as antifungal peptides (AFPs). AFPs are currently regarded as the most promising alternative to conventional antifungal agents due to the fact that they are highly selective and less prone to facilitate the selection of drug resistance. In this review, we present an overview of the origin and classification of natural AFPs as well as their modes of action. Additionally, the production of natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic AFPs with a view to greater levels of exploitation is discussed. Finally, we evaluate the current and potential applications of AFPs in clinics and in the food industry.}, }
@article {pmid39740746, year = {2025}, author = {Du, X and Wu, H and Yalikun, S and Li, J and Jia, J and Duan, T and Zhou, Z and Ren, Z}, title = {Trajectories of Chinese adolescent depression before and after COVID-19: A cross-temporal meta-analysis with segmented regression.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {373}, number = {}, pages = {333-344}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.094}, pmid = {39740746}, issn = {1573-2517}, mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; China/epidemiology ; Female ; *Depression/epidemiology/psychology ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sex Factors ; East Asian People ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on adolescent mental health, particularly in China. However, there is a lack of research examining the trends in depressive symptom levels among Chinese adolescents before and after the pandemic. This study aims to investigate the changes in depressive symptom levels among Chinese adolescents pre- and post-pandemic and to identify the factors influencing these changes.<br><br>METHODS: English-language databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Wiley) and Chinese-language databases (CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang) were searched for relevant studies. A total of 90 articles (91 studies) were included in the cross-temporal meta-analysis (N&#xa0;=&#xa0;473,781), all of which used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to measure depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. The data for these studies were collected over the period from 2010 to 2023.<br><br>RESULTS: Findings indicated that: (1) From 2010 to 2020, year was not a significant predictor of adolescent depressive symptom levels, whereas from 2021 to 2023, year became a significant positive predictor. (2) From 2010 to 2020, females exhibited a more pronounced decrease in depressive symptom levels compared to males; however, from 2021 to 2023, gender differences were not significant. (3) From 2010 to 2020, previous social connectedness, including family size three years prior, divorce rate one year prior, and urbanization level three years prior, significantly and negatively predicted the current year's adolescent depressive symptom levels; however, from 2021 to 2023, the predictive effect of all social indicators was not significant.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study enhances the understanding of the mechanisms underlying depression among Chinese adolescents and provides a foundation for decision-making in prevention and intervention strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39740114, year = {2025}, author = {Alexovič, M and Uličná, C and Tabani, H and Sabo, J}, title = {In Search of Candidate Protein Biomarkers Related to COVID-19 in Solid Tissues and Non-Blood Fluids: An Update.}, journal = {Proteomics. Clinical applications}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {e202400117}, doi = {10.1002/prca.202400117}, pmid = {39740114}, issn = {1862-8354}, support = {ITMS2014+: 313011V446//Research Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism/diagnosis/virology ; *Biomarkers/metabolism/analysis ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Proteomics/methods ; *Body Fluids/metabolism ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: During COVID-19, significant changes in protein abundance can be linked with disease-related processes. The mass spectrometry-based proteomics of COVID-19-related biomarkers can help with the prognosis and diagnosis of this severe disease.<br><br>DESIGN: Here, we surveyed scientific works in terms of proteomic analysis of solid tissues and non-blood fluids from COVID-19 patients. Works published since 2022 to date have been covered.<br><br>RESULTS: Brain, lymph nodes, heart, spleen, aorta walls, liver, adrenal gland and kidneys were investigated as solid organs/tissues. The non-blood fluids involved exhaled breath particles, airway mucus, saliva, swabs, colostrum/milk and urine. The provided table depicts studies/experimental platforms to analyse COVID-19-related candidate protein biomarkers.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Even eminent research input has been made in this field, continuation towards deeper findings should be made. Translation of proteomics into the clinics to help with diagnostics and therapeutical strategies, is a highly important task. The analysed candidate protein biomarkers are the perspective molecules for pending clinical decisions making and treatments.}, }
@article {pmid39739200, year = {2025}, author = {Hanage, WP and Schaffner, W}, title = {Burden of Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by Influenza Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and SARS-CoV-2 with Consideration of Older Adults: A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Infectious diseases and therapy}, volume = {14}, number = {Suppl 1}, pages = {5-37}, pmid = {39739200}, issn = {2193-8229}, abstract = {Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are acute respiratory infections (ARIs) that can cause substantial morbidity and mortality among at-risk individuals, including older adults. In this narrative review, we summarize themes identified in the literature regarding the epidemiology, seasonality, immunity after infection, clinical presentation, and transmission for these ARIs, along with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on seasonal patterns of influenza and RSV infections, with consideration of data specific to older adults when available. As the older adult population increases globally, it is of paramount importance to fully characterize the true disease burden of ARIs in order to develop appropriate mitigation strategies to minimize their impact in vulnerable populations. Challenges associated with characterizing the burden of these diseases include the shared symptomology and clinical presentation of influenza virus, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2, which complicate accurate diagnosis and highlight the need for improved testing and surveillance practices. To this end, multiple regional, national, and global virologic and disease surveillance systems have been established to provide accurate knowledge of viral epidemiology, support appropriate preparedness and response to potential outbreaks, and help inform prevention strategies to reduce disease severity and transmission. Beyond the burden of acute illness, long-term health consequences can also result from influenza virus, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. These include cardiovascular and pulmonary complications, worsening of existing chronic conditions, increased frailty, and reduced life expectancy. ARIs among older adults can also place a substantial financial burden on society and healthcare systems. Collectively, the existing data indicate that influenza virus, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections in older adults present a substantial global health challenge, underscoring the need for interventions to improve health outcomes and reduce the disease burden of respiratory illnesses.Graphical abstract and video abstract available for this article.}, }
@article {pmid39739199, year = {2025}, author = {Debbag, R and Rudin, D and Ceddia, F and Watkins, J}, title = {The Impact of Vaccination on COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Outcomes: A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Infectious diseases and therapy}, volume = {14}, number = {Suppl 1}, pages = {63-97}, pmid = {39739199}, issn = {2193-8229}, abstract = {Vaccination represents a core preventive strategy for public health, with interrelated and multifaceted effects across health and socioeconomic domains. Beyond immediate disease prevention, immunization positively influences downstream health outcomes by mitigating complications of preexisting comorbidities and promoting healthy aging. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are common respiratory viruses responsible for broad societal cost and substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly among at-risk individuals, including older adults and people with frailty or certain comorbid conditions. In this narrative review, we summarize the overall impact of vaccination for these 3 viruses, focusing on mRNA vaccines, each of which exhibits unique patterns of infection, risk, and transmission dynamics, but collectively represent a target for preventive strategies. Vaccines for COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2) and influenza are effective against the most severe outcomes, such as hospitalization and death; these vaccines represent the most potent and cost-effective interventions for the protection of population and individual health against COVID-19 and influenza, particularly for older adults and those with comorbid conditions. Based on promising results of efficacy for the prevention of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease, the first RSV vaccines were approved in 2023. Immunization strategies should account for various factors leading to poor uptake, including vaccine hesitancy, socioeconomic barriers to access, cultural beliefs, and lack of knowledge of vaccines and disease states. Coadministration of vaccines and combination vaccines, such as multicomponent mRNA vaccines, offer potential advantages in logistics and delivery, thus improving uptake and reducing barriers to adoption of new vaccines. The success of the mRNA vaccine platform was powerfully demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic; these and other new approaches show promise as a means to overcome existing challenges in vaccine development and to sustain protection against viral changes over time.A graphical abstract and video abstract is available with this article.}, }
@article {pmid39739198, year = {2025}, author = {Branche, A and Ramesh, M and Francis, B}, title = {A Narrative Review of Key Risk Factors for Severe Illness Following SARS-CoV-2, Influenza Virus, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.}, journal = {Infectious diseases and therapy}, volume = {14}, number = {Suppl 1}, pages = {39-61}, pmid = {39739198}, issn = {2193-8229}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are highly infectious respiratory viruses that affect people of all ages and are typically associated with mild symptoms and few complications in immunocompetent individuals. However, the risk of severe outcomes (e.g., hospitalization and death) following infection with these respiratory viruses is higher in certain populations, including older adults and individuals of certain race/ethnic and sociodemographic groups. Additionally, immunocompromising conditions and pre-existing comorbidities, including underlying cardiovascular (e.g., congestive heart failure) and respiratory diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and obesity, are key factors that predispose individuals to SARS-CoV-2-, influenza-, and RSV-related severe outcomes. Increased risk for severe outcomes associated with advancing age and comorbidities is compounded by residence in long-term care facilities due to the enhanced spread of respiratory infections in congregate living environments. In this narrative review, risk factors associated with severe outcomes following infection with SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and RSV in adult populations are explored. Additionally, distinct clinical outcomes based on underlying comorbidities following infection are discussed in the context of high-risk populations. Factors unique to each virus that underpin distinct risk profiles are described and suggest the potential for tailored surveillance and healthcare approaches to target and ultimately mitigate SARS-CoV-2-, influenza-, and RSV-associated disease burden in vulnerable populations. Mutual risk factors for severe outcomes are also highlighted; these similarities indicate that cohesive risk reduction strategies may also be feasible, particularly since vaccines are available for each of these respiratory viruses. Ultimately, a more thorough understanding of the risk factors that predispose individuals to develop SARS-CoV-2-, influenza-, and RSV-related severe outcomes may improve risk reduction strategies, inform healthcare policy, and contribute to the expansion and refinement of existing surveillance approaches to ultimately mitigate disease burden in vulnerable populations.}, }
@article {pmid39738945, year = {2024}, author = {Castón, JR and Luque, D}, title = {Conventional Electron Microscopy, Cryogenic Electron Microscopy, and Cryogenic Electron Tomography of Viruses.}, journal = {Sub-cellular biochemistry}, volume = {105}, number = {}, pages = {81-134}, pmid = {39738945}, issn = {0306-0225}, mesh = {*Cryoelectron Microscopy/methods ; *Electron Microscope Tomography/methods ; *Viruses/ultrastructure/chemistry ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/ultrastructure ; COVID-19/virology ; Microscopy, Electron/methods ; Animals ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods ; }, abstract = {Electron microscopy (EM) techniques have been crucial for understanding the structure of biological specimens such as cells, tissues and macromolecular assemblies. Viruses and related viral assemblies are ideal targets for structural studies that help to define essential biological functions. Whereas conventional EM methods use chemical fixation, dehydration, and staining of the specimens, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) preserves the native hydrated state. Combined with image processing and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, cryo-EM provides three-dimensional maps of these macromolecular complexes from projection images, at atomic or near-atomic resolutions. Cryo-EM is also a major technique in structural biology for dynamic studies of functional complexes, which are often unstable, flexible, scarce, or transient in their native environments. State-of-the-art techniques in structural virology now extend beyond purified symmetric capsids and focus on the asymmetric elements such as the packaged genome and minor structural proteins that were previously missed. As a tool, cryo-EM also complements high-resolution techniques such as X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy; these synergistic hybrid approaches provide important new information. Three-dimensional cryogenic electron tomography (cryo-ET), a variation of cryo-EM, goes further, and allows the study of pleomorphic and complex viruses not only in their physiological state but also in their natural environment in the cell, thereby bridging structural studies at the molecular and cellular levels. Cryo-EM and cryo-ET have been applied successfully in basic research, shedding light on fundamental aspects of virus biology and providing insights into threatening viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39737852, year = {2025}, author = {Yu, J and Chen, S and Yang, J and Zhang, X and Xue, H and Ni, X and Du, W and Fan, L and Zhang, F and Wang, Y}, title = {Childhood and Adolescent Overweight/Obesity Prevalence Trends in Jiangsu, China, 2017-2021: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis.}, journal = {Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.)}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {754-761}, doi = {10.1111/phn.13517}, pmid = {39737852}, issn = {1525-1446}, support = {23CGL072//National Social Science Foundation of China/ ; G2023141005L//Ministry of Science and Technology/ ; 1125000172//Ministry of Education/ ; //Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology/ ; CXJH_SEU 24210//SEU Innovation Capability Enhancement Plan for Doctoral Students/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Child ; China/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Female ; Prevalence ; Male ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology ; Body Mass Index ; Cohort Studies ; *Overweight/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Age Factors ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To investigate temporal trends in childhood and adolescent overweight/obesity in Jiangsu Province, China, evaluating the effects of age, period, and birth cohort.<br><br>DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.<br><br>SAMPLE: Participants were 210,168 students aged 6-17 years from the five waves of the consecutive cross-sectional Jiangsu provincial surveillance project in 2017-2021.<br><br>MEASUREMENTS: Overweight/obesity was assessed according to the sex- and age-specific body mass index. We used age-period-cohort (APC) analysis to explore the temporal trends of overweight/obesity and to estimate the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on the prevalence.<br><br>RESULTS: The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity has increased from 32.08% to 38.60% between 2017 and 2021. The 6-9-year-old group and the 10-13-year-old group were significantly associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity, in contrast to 14-17-year-olds. The pandemic was also significantly associated with a much higher risk. The cohort 2000-2003 was associated with higher risk, and such association continued until the cohort 2012-2015, denoting a significantly lower risk.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increasing trend in the prevalence of overweight/obesity, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the latest cohort effect was significantly associated with a lower risk. We recommend continuous efforts on preventive interventions and more research about prevalence trends.}, }
@article {pmid39737850, year = {2024}, author = {Lisco, G and De Tullio, A and Matin, M and Giagulli, VA and Guastamacchia, E and De Pergola, G and Piazzolla, G and Triggiani, V}, title = {Update on andrological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19: An overview review.}, journal = {Andrology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/andr.13830}, pmid = {39737850}, issn = {2047-2927}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evidence indicates a wide range of andrological alterations in patients with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).<br><br>AIM: To provide an update on the andrological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE and Institutional websites were searched for randomized clinical trials, non-systematic reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifty-four records were included from 2020 to 2024. The most representative paper categories were non-systematic reviews (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;26) and systematic reviews/meta-analyses (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;27). One randomized, prospective, phase 2 trial was also included. Eight topics were identified and discussed as follows: short- and long-term seminal changes attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19; andrological effects of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines; the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 on male fertility; the relationship between serum testosterone levels and COVID-19 prognosis in men; fertility care during the pandemic; urinary/genital male system tract impairment in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19; the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 on circulating levels of sex steroid hormones; the impact of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 on sexual function and activity.<br><br>DISCUSSION: SARS-CoV-2 can affect the whole testicular function through direct and indirect mechanisms, with a positive relation between the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the level of deterioration of testicular function. Testicular function recovers along with the recovery from the disease. In vitro fertilization techniques ensure similar results in patients with or without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19. Immunization with anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines prevents andrological complaints due to naturally occurring infection. Erectile dysfunction and sexual dysfunction are frequently diagnosed in COVID-19 patients due to several contributing factors, including hormonal imbalance and psychosocial complaints related to the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39737414, year = {2025}, author = {Han, SM and Mo, Y and Wang, LF and Lye, DC and Young, BE and Paterson, D and Tambyah, PA and Wen, YT and , }, title = {Establishing clinical research networks for future infectious disease outbreak responses in Southeast Asia: Report of a workshop on challenges and opportunities.}, journal = {IJID regions}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {100494}, pmid = {39737414}, issn = {2772-7076}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical need for well-established clinical research networks capable of rapid response during infectious disease outbreaks. In Southeast Asia, the absence of active research networks at the onset of the COVID-19 contributed to gaps in regional preparedness. This manuscript discusses the challenges and opportunities identified during a regional workshop held in Singapore (February 26 to March 1, 2024), which brought together 130 stakeholders from across the region. The workshop aimed to build consensus on strategies to strengthen existing networks by developing human capacity, overcoming resource limitations, and sustaining collaborative research during inter-pandemic periods. Key challenges identified included the variability in research infrastructure across countries, complex regulatory requirements, and insufficient funding during non-outbreak periods. Recommendations include the development of standardized research protocols, the creation of a regional data sharing platform, and fostering sustained collaboration to ensure these networks remain functional and responsive. Addressing these gaps is critical for enhancing Southeast Asia's capacity to conduct high-quality clinical trials and effectively respond to future infectious disease outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid39736938, year = {2024}, author = {Chandela, M and Saxena, AK and Mehta, RK and Mohanty, S and Singla, P and Solanki, A and Jethani, S and Kamble, BD}, title = {Use of Tranexamic Acid in SARS-COV-2: Boon or Bane?.}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {79}, number = {3}, pages = {459-464}, pmid = {39736938}, issn = {2008-9872}, mesh = {*Tranexamic Acid/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; }, abstract = {The devastating pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly through most parts of the world in the second half of 2020. The air droplet spread of SARS-CoV-2 is of great global health concern as it is potentially fatal. Various drugs and treatment modalities have been tried to date, but none have been found to be definitive. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is commonly used in pigmentary disorders in dermatology due to its ability to reduce melanocyte tyrosinase activity. It also possesses anti-fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory properties, which have been observed to suppress the cytokine storm and modulate coagulopathy in patients suffering from COVID-19. TXA, when administered early, has been effective in decreasing the severity of symptoms in COVID-19 patients, but on the contrary, it has also been associated with life-threatening thrombosis when given as a single drug.}, }
@article {pmid39735280, year = {2024}, author = {Wu, Y and Cao, Z and Yang, J and Bi, X and Xiong, W and Feng, X and Yan, Y and Zhang, Z and Zhang, Z}, title = {Innovative public strategies in response to COVID-19: A review of practices from China.}, journal = {Health care science}, volume = {3}, number = {6}, pages = {383-408}, pmid = {39735280}, issn = {2771-1757}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic presented unparalleled challenges to prompt and adaptive responses from nations worldwide. This review examines China's multifaceted approach to the crisis, focusing on five key areas of response: infrastructure and system design, medical care and treatment, disease prevention and control, economic and social resilience, and China's engagement in global health. This review demonstrates the effectiveness of a top-down command system at the national level, intersectoral coordination, a legal framework, and public social governance. This study also examines medical care and treatment strategies, highlighting the importance of rapid emergency response, evidence-based treatment, and well-planned vaccination rollout. Further discussion on disease prevention and control measures emphasizes the importance of adaptive measures, timely infection control, transmission interruption, population herd immunity, and technology applications. Socioeconomic impact was also assessed, detailing strategies for disease prevention, material supply, livelihood preservation, and social economy revival. Lastly, we examine China's contributions to the global health community, with a focus on knowledge-sharing, information exchange, and multilateral assistance. While it is true that each nation's response must be tailored to its own context, there are universal lessons to be drawn from China's approach. These insights are pivotal for enhancing global health security, especially as the world navigates evolving health crises.}, }
@article {pmid39735263, year = {2024}, author = {Camici, M and Del Duca, G and Brita, AC and Antinori, A}, title = {Connecting dots of long COVID-19 pathogenesis: a vagus nerve- hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal-mitochondrial axis dysfunction.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {1501949}, pmid = {39735263}, issn = {2235-2988}, mesh = {Humans ; *Mitochondria/metabolism ; *Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism/virology ; *COVID-19/immunology/physiopathology/virology ; *Vagus Nerve/physiopathology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Pituitary-Adrenal System/virology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Hydrocortisone/metabolism ; Acetylcholine/metabolism ; }, abstract = {The pathogenesis of long COVID (LC) still presents many areas of uncertainty. This leads to difficulties in finding an effective specific therapy. We hypothesize that the key to LC pathogenesis lies in the presence of chronic functional damage to the main anti-inflammatory mechanisms of our body: the three reflexes mediated by the vagus nerve, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hormonal axis, and the mitochondrial redox status. We will illustrate that this neuro-endocrine-metabolic axis is closely interconnected and how the SARS-CoV-2 can damage it at all stages through direct, immune-inflammatory, epigenetic damage mechanisms, as well as through the reactivation of neurotropic viruses. According to our theory, the direct mitochondrial damage carried out by the virus, which replicates within these organelles, and the cellular oxidative imbalance, cannot be countered in patients who develop LC. This is because their anti-inflammatory mechanisms are inconsistent due to reduced vagal tone and direct damage to the endocrine glands of the HPA axis. We will illustrate how acetylcholine (ACh) and cortisol, with its cytoplasmatic and cellular receptors respectively, are fundamental players in the LC process. Both Ach and cortisol play multifaceted and synergistic roles in reducing inflammation. They achieve this by modulating the activity of innate and cell-mediated immunity, attenuating endothelial and platelet activation, and modulating mitochondrial function, which is crucial for cellular energy production and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In our opinion, it is essential to study the sensitivity of the glucocorticoids receptor in people who develop LC and whether SARS-CoV-2 can cause long-term epigenetic variations in its expression and function.}, }
@article {pmid39735115, year = {2024}, author = {Silverstein, E and Richmann, M and Tyl, D and Fiaoni, A and Pfeifer, K and Moussa, H and Treacy, A and Vigliotta, M and Schepps, M and Sheth, R and Barry, P}, title = {The Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Treating Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {16}, number = {11}, pages = {e74611}, pmid = {39735115}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a medical condition that affects the lungs and causes scarring due to the deposition of excess fibrotic tissue. This is often preceded by various causes and can lead to long-term health consequences. The treatment of PF using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to correct lung damage and decrease inflammation is a current focus of research. MSCs are beneficial in inhibiting the immune response and inducing more efficient repair processes, therefore having the potential to be useful in various settings. This review aims to identify the current utilization of MSCs in treating PF in adults. A systematic search was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers Manual using Ovid Medline, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies. Following PRISMA guidelines, eligible peer-reviewed studies that used MSCs to treat adults with PF were identified. The initial search produced 1,836 articles after removing duplicates. Twenty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria. A final analysis of the articles further narrowed the number to eight articles that met all criteria and were relevant to the scoping review's objective. Four studies utilized bone marrow-derived MSCs, two utilized umbilical-derived MSCs, one utilized placenta-derived MSCs, and one utilized adipose-derived MSCs. Of these studies, five administered treatments via an intravenous infusion, two used an endobronchial infusion, and the last utilized an intratracheal approach. The use of MSCs in the treatment of PF in adults was found to be safe with the most common adverse effect reported being fever and chills which resolved a few hours after administration. Although the research regarding MSC use in the treatment of idiopathic PF is relatively new, our results summarize the current sources, route of administration, and current adverse effects. We have shown that future studies with larger sample sizes should be performed to determine long-term outcomes and overall efficacy before clinical practice guidelines become implemented.}, }
@article {pmid39734036, year = {2025}, author = {Fatima, M and Park, PG and Hong, KJ}, title = {Clinical advancements in mRNA vaccines against viral infections.}, journal = {Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)}, volume = {271}, number = {}, pages = {110424}, doi = {10.1016/j.clim.2024.110424}, pmid = {39734036}, issn = {1521-7035}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; mRNA Vaccines ; Vaccine Development ; *Virus Diseases/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *Viral Vaccines ; }, abstract = {Over the last decade, mRNA vaccines development has shown significant advancement, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This comprehensive review examines the efficacy of pivotal vaccines against emerging COVID-19 variants and strategies for enhancing vaccine effectiveness. It also explores the versatility of mRNA technology in addressing other infectious diseases such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, HIV, cytomegalovirus, Ebola, Zika, Rabies, and Nipah viruses. The analysis includes safety and clinical progress of mRNA vaccines and evaluates their potential in combination vaccine strategies. Additionally, it addresses challenges related to delivery and scalability while highlighting opportunities for future advancements in the field. Recent advances in mRNA optimization, biomaterial-based delivery and thermostable designs offer promising solutions. It is essential to gain insights into the evolving landscape of mRNA vaccine technology to maximize its vital role in addressing diverse viral threats, advancing vaccinology and enhancing public health preparedness for future pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39733916, year = {2025}, author = {Petersen, E and Hvid, U and Tomori, O and Pedersen, AG and Wallinga, J and Pebody, R and Cenciarelli, O and Aavitsland, P and Van Laeken, D and Andreasen, V and Schneider, U and Simonsen, JK and Goedknegt, MJF and Johannesen, CK and Lundgren, JD and Koch, A and Søborg, B and Ekström, AM and Nohynek, H and Aarestrup, FM and Krause, TG and Simonsen, L}, title = {Possible scenarios for the spread of mpox outside the endemic focus in Africa.}, journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases}, volume = {153}, number = {}, pages = {107373}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107373}, pmid = {39733916}, issn = {1878-3511}, mesh = {Humans ; Africa/epidemiology ; *Mpox, Monkeypox/epidemiology/transmission/prevention &amp; control/virology ; Animals ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/transmission ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Zoonoses/epidemiology/transmission ; Vaccination ; }, abstract = {The recent expansion of mpox in Africa is characterized by a dramatic increase in zoonotic transmission (clade Ia) and the emergence of a new clade Ib that is transmitted from human to human by close contact. Clade Ia does not pose a threat in areas without zoonotic reservoirs. But clade Ib may spread widely, as did clade IIb which has spread globally since 2022 among men who have sex with men. It is not clear whether controlling clade Ib will be more difficult than clade IIb. The population at risk potentially counts 100 million but only a million vaccine doses are expected in the next year. Surveillance is needed with exhaustive case detection, polymerase chain reaction confirmation, clade determination, and about severe illness. Such data is needed to identify routes of transmission and core transmitters, such as sex workers. Health care workers are vaccinated to ensure their protection, but this will not curb mpox transmission. With the recent inequitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines in mind, it is a global responsibility to ensure that low-income nations in the mpox epicenter have meaningful access to vaccines. Vaccination serves not only to reduce mortality in children but limit the risk of future mpox variants emerging that may spread in human populations globally.}, }
@article {pmid39733845, year = {2025}, author = {Mercuri, FA and Anderson, GP and Miller, BE and Demaison, C and Tal-Singer, R}, title = {Discovery and development of INNA-051, a TLR2/6 agonist for the prevention of complications resulting from viral respiratory infections.}, journal = {Antiviral research}, volume = {234}, number = {}, pages = {106063}, doi = {10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106063}, pmid = {39733845}, issn = {1872-9096}, mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/complications/virology/prevention &amp; control ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; Administration, Intranasal ; *Toll-Like Receptor 2/agonists ; *Toll-Like Receptor 6/agonists ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Virus Diseases/complications/drug therapy ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Lipopeptides ; }, abstract = {Viral respiratory infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The diversity of viruses implicated, coupled with their propensity for mutation, ignited an interest in host-directed antiviral therapies effective across a wide range of viral variants. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are potential targets for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals given their central role in host immune defenses. Synthetic agonists of TLRs have been shown to boost protective innate immune responses against respiratory viruses. However, clinical success was hindered by short duration of benefit and/or induction of systemic adverse effects. INNA-051, a TLR2/6 agonist, is in development as an intranasal innate immune enhancer for prophylactic treatment in individuals at risk of complications resulting from respiratory viral infections. In vivo animal studies demonstrated the efficacy as prophylaxis against multiple viruses including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and rhinovirus. Early clinical trials demonstrated an acceptable safety and tolerability profile. Intranasal delivery to the primary site of infection in humans induced a local innate host defense response characterized by innate immune cell infiltration into the nasal epithelium and activation and antiviral response genes. Taken together, the preclinical and clinical data on INNA-051 support further investigation of its use in community infection settings.}, }
@article {pmid39733841, year = {2025}, author = {Darmanto, AG and Yen, TL and Jan, JS and Linh, TTD and Taliyan, R and Yang, CH and Sheu, JR}, title = {Beyond metabolic messengers: Bile acids and TGR5 as pharmacotherapeutic intervention for psychiatric disorders.}, journal = {Pharmacological research}, volume = {211}, number = {}, pages = {107564}, doi = {10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107564}, pmid = {39733841}, issn = {1096-1186}, mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Brain-Gut Axis/drug effects/physiology ; COVID-19/psychology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects/physiology ; *Mental Disorders/diet therapy/drug therapy/metabolism/physiopathology ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism/agonists ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; }, abstract = {Psychiatric disorders pose a significant global health challenge, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and insufficiently addressed by the current treatments. This review explores the emerging role of bile acids and the TGR5 receptor in the pathophysiology of psychiatric conditions, emphasizing their signaling within the gut-brain axis. We detail the synthesis and systemic functions of bile acids, their transformation by gut microbiota, and their impact across various neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder, general anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and bipolar disorder. The review highlights how dysbiosis and altered bile acid metabolism contribute to the development and exacerbation of these neuropsychiatric disorders through mechanisms involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter dysregulation. Importantly, we detail both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that modulate TGR5 signaling, offering potential breakthroughs in treatment strategies. These include dietary adjustments to enhance beneficial bile acids production and the use of specific TGR5 agonists that have shown promise in preclinical and clinical settings for their regulatory effects on critical pathways such as cAMP-PKA, NRF2-mediated antioxidant responses, and neuroinflammation. By integrating findings from the dynamics of gut microbiota, bile acids metabolism, and TGR5 receptor related signaling events, this review underscores cutting-edge therapeutic approaches poised to revolutionize the management and treatment of psychiatric disorders.}, }
@article {pmid39733391, year = {2025}, author = {Alhasan, KA and Raina, R and Boyer, O and Koh, J and Bonilla-Felix, M and Sethi, SK and Amer, YS and Coccia, P and Temsah, MH and Exantus, J and Khan, SA and Zhong, X and Koch, V and Duzova, A and Vasudevan, A and McCulloch, M and Allen, U and Filler, G and Montini, G and , }, title = {IPNA clinical practice recommendations on care of pediatric patients with pre-existing kidney disease during seasonal outbreak of COVID-19.}, journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)}, volume = {40}, number = {5}, pages = {1795-1815}, pmid = {39733391}, issn = {1432-198X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Child ; *Nephrology/standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Kidney Diseases/therapy/epidemiology/complications ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Telemedicine ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Pediatrics/standards ; Infection Control/standards/methods ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, instigated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has profoundly impacted healthcare infrastructures around the globe. While children are usually asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, children with pre-existing kidney conditions require specialized attention. This pivotal report, championed by the International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA), delivers precise and actionable recommendations tailored for pediatric patients with kidney ailments in this pandemic landscape. Central to our findings are rigorous infection control protocols. These are particularly stringent in high-risk zones, emphasizing telehealth's indispensable role, the significance of curtailing in-person consultations, and the imperative of following rigorous guidelines in regions with heightened COVID-19 prevalence. Additionally, the report delves into vaccination approaches for children with kidney issues, highlighting that the choice of vaccine is often governed by regional accessibility and policy frameworks, rather than a universal preference. A notable observation is the potential correlation between COVID-19 vaccines and specific kidney disorders. However, establishing a direct causal link remains elusive. In summary, our research accentuates the critical need for specialized pediatric kidney care during global health crises and reaffirms the continuous research imperative, especially regarding vaccination ramifications.}, }
@article {pmid39733088, year = {2025}, author = {Jarman, H and Falkenbach, M and Rozenblum, S and Rockwell, O and Greer, SL}, title = {From evidence to advice in France, Germany, and the UK: transparency, accountability, and participation in pandemic science advice.}, journal = {Journal of public health policy}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {38-52}, pmid = {39733088}, issn = {1745-655X}, support = {EAGER 2122228//National Science Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Germany/epidemiology ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; France/epidemiology ; *Social Responsibility ; *Politics ; *Policy Making ; Pandemics ; *Health Policy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Politicians often claim to be "following science" but their claims are, reasonably, disputed. To claim to be following the science can mean that scientific evidence affects or legitimates decisions. The evidence that politicians are following science often comes from formal systems of advice that translate science into advice. We study the systems that informed policy in France, Germany, and the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that while in all three countries politicians had incentive to prefer private advice tailored to their needs, more transparent and independent advice appeared to contribute more to good policymaking and implementation, including by enhancing government's current and future accountability for their decisions.}, }
@article {pmid39731690, year = {2024}, author = {Asri, N and Mohammadi, S and Jahdkaran, M and Rostami-Nejad, M and Rezaei-Tavirani, M and Mohebbi, SR}, title = {Viral infections in celiac disease: what should be considered for better management.}, journal = {Clinical and experimental medicine}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {25}, pmid = {39731690}, issn = {1591-9528}, mesh = {Humans ; *Celiac Disease/complications/diet therapy/immunology ; Diet, Gluten-Free ; Risk Factors ; *Virus Diseases/epidemiology/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {Following a gluten-free diet (GFD) is known as the main effective therapy available for celiac disease (CD) patients, which in some cases is not enough to heal all patients presentations completely. Accordingly, emerging researchers have focused on finding novel therapeutic/preventive strategies for this disorder. Moreover, previous studies have shown that celiac patients, especially untreated subjects, are at increased risk of developing viral and bacterial infections, which can become a challenge for the clinician. Viruses, such as Rotavirus, Reovirus, Adenovirus, Enterovirus, Rhinovirus, Astrovirus, Hepatitis virus, COVID-19, Norovirus, and Herpesvirus, have been related to CD pathogenesis. Therefore, clinicians need to pay more attention to evaluate CD patients' viral infection history (especially nonresponders to the GFD), to look for effective preventive strategies and educate patients about important risk factors. In addition, there are still viruses whose role in CD pathogenesis has not been fully studied. In this review, current information on the association between CD and various viral infections was gathered to improve knowledge in this subject area and draw researchers'/clinicians' attention to unstudied/less studied viruses in CD pathogenesis, which might guide future prevention approaches.}, }
@article {pmid39731211, year = {2025}, author = {Yuan, M and Wilson, IA}, title = {Structural Immunology of SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Immunological reviews}, volume = {329}, number = {1}, pages = {e13431}, pmid = {39731211}, issn = {1600-065X}, support = {INV-004923/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/chemistry/genetics ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/prevention &amp; control ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Immune Evasion ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Epitopes/immunology ; }, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein has undergone significant evolution, enhancing both receptor binding and immune evasion. In this review, we summarize ongoing efforts to develop antibodies targeting various epitopes of the S protein, focusing on their neutralization potency, breadth, and escape mechanisms. Antibodies targeting the receptor-binding site (RBS) typically exhibit high neutralizing potency but are frequently evaded by mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants. In contrast, antibodies targeting conserved regions, such as the S2 stem helix and fusion peptide, exhibit broader reactivity but generally lower neutralization potency. However, several broadly neutralizing antibodies have demonstrated exceptional efficacy against emerging variants, including the latest omicron subvariants, underscoring the potential of targeting vulnerable sites such as RBS-A and RBS-D/CR3022. We also highlight public classes of antibodies targeting different sites on the S protein. The vulnerable sites targeted by public antibodies present opportunities for germline-targeting vaccine strategies. Overall, developing escape-resistant, potent antibodies and broadly effective vaccines remains crucial for combating future variants. This review emphasizes the importance of identifying key epitopes and utilizing antibody affinity maturation to inform future therapeutic and vaccine design.}, }
@article {pmid39731183, year = {2024}, author = {Ohbe, H and Satoh, K and Totoki, T and Tanikawa, A and Shirasaki, K and Kuribayashi, Y and Tamura, M and Takatani, Y and Ishikura, H and Nakamura, K and , }, title = {Definitions, epidemiology, and outcomes of persistent/chronic critical illness: a scoping review for translation to clinical practice.}, journal = {Critical care (London, England)}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {435}, pmid = {39731183}, issn = {1466-609X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Critical Illness/epidemiology/therapy ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology ; Intensive Care Units/organization &amp; administration/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Medical advances in intensive care units (ICUs) have resulted in the emergence of a new patient population-those who survive the initial acute phase of critical illness, but require prolonged ICU stays and develop chronic critical symptoms. This condition, often termed Persistent Critical Illness (PerCI) or Chronic Critical Illness (CCI), remains poorly understood and inconsistently reported across studies, resulting in a lack of clinical practice use. This scoping review aims to systematically review and synthesize the existing literature on PerCI/CCI, with a focus on definitions, epidemiology, and outcomes for its translation to clinical practice.<br><br>METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using MEDLINE and Scopus, adhering to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Peer-reviewed original research articles published until May 31, 2024 that described adult PerCI/CCI in their definitions of patient populations, covariates, and outcomes were included. Data on definitions, epidemiology, and outcomes were extracted by a data charting process from eligible studies and synthesized.<br><br>RESULTS: Ninety-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 64 used the term CCI, 18 used PerCI, and 17 used other terms. CCI definitions showed greater variability, while PerCI definitions remained relatively consistent, with an ICU stay&#x2009;&#x2265;&#x2009;14&#xa0;days for CCI and&#x2009;&#x2265;&#x2009;10&#xa0;days for PerCI being the most common. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of PerCI/CCI among the denominators of "all ICU patients", "sepsis", "trauma", and "COVID-19" showed 11% (95% confidence interval 10-12%), 28% (22-34%), 24% (15-33%), and 35% (20-50%), respectively. A meta-analysis of in-hospital mortality was 27% (26-29%) and that of one-year mortality was 45% (32-58%). Meta-analyses of the prevalence of CCI and PerCI showed 17% (16-18%) and 18% (16-20%), respectively, and those for in-hospital mortality were 28% (26-30%) and 26% (24-29%), respectively. Functional outcomes were generally poor, with many survivors requiring long-term care.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review synthesized many studies on PerCI/CCI, highlighting the serious impact of PerCI/CCI on patients' long-term outcomes. The results obtained underscore the need for consistent terminology with high-quality research for PerCI/CCI. The results obtained provide important information to be used in discussions with patients and families regarding prognosis and care options.}, }
@article {pmid39731064, year = {2024}, author = {Poursaeed, R and Mohammadzadeh, M and Safaei, AA}, title = {Survival prediction of glioblastoma patients using machine learning and deep learning: a systematic review.}, journal = {BMC cancer}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {1581}, pmid = {39731064}, issn = {1471-2407}, mesh = {*Glioblastoma/mortality ; Humans ; *Deep Learning ; *Brain Neoplasms/mortality ; *Machine Learning ; Prognosis ; }, abstract = {Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), classified as a grade IV glioma by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a prevalent and notably aggressive form of brain tumor derived from glial cells. It stands as one of the most severe forms of primary brain cancer in humans. The median survival time of GBM patients is only 12-15 months, making it the most lethal type of brain tumor. Every year, about 200,000 people worldwide succumb to this disease. GBM is also highly heterogeneous, meaning that its characteristics and behavior vary widely among different patients. This leads to different outcomes and survival times for each individual. Predicting the survival of GBM patients accurately can have multiple benefits. It can enable optimal and personalized treatment planning based on the patient's condition and prognosis. It can also support the patients and their families to cope with the possible outcomes and make informed decisions about their care and quality of life. Furthermore, it can assist the researchers and scientists to discover the most relevant biomarkers, features, and mechanisms of the disease and to design more effective and personalized therapies. Artificial intelligence methods, such as machine learning and deep learning, have been widely applied to survival prediction in various fields, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, and covid 19. This systematic review summarizes the current state-of-the-art methods for predicting glioblastoma survival using different types of input data, such as clinical features, molecular markers, imaging features, radiomics features, omics data or a combination of them. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched databases from 2015 to 2024, reviewing 107 articles meeting our criteria. We analyzed the data sources, methods, performance metrics and outcomes of the studies. We found that random forest was the most popular method, and a combination of radiomics and clinical data was the most common input data.}, }
@article {pmid39730212, year = {2025}, author = {McCready, JE}, title = {Treatment of Gastrointestinal Infectious Diseases in Exotic Animals.}, journal = {The veterinary clinics of North America. Exotic animal practice}, volume = {28}, number = {2}, pages = {485-501}, doi = {10.1016/j.cvex.2024.11.012}, pmid = {39730212}, issn = {1558-4232}, mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Diseases/veterinary/drug therapy/microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Animals, Wild ; }, abstract = {Antimicrobials should be used judiciously when managing gastrointestinal disorders in exotic animals. Oral administration of antibiotics targeting gram-positive flora must be avoided in hindgut fermenters. Immunosuppressives may be indicated for certain infectious diseases, such as chronic enteric coronavirus in ferrets and avian ganglioneuritis in parrots.}, }
@article {pmid39730037, year = {2025}, author = {Shafqat, A and Li, M and Zakirullah,  and Liu, F and Tong, Y and Fan, J and Fan, H}, title = {A comprehensive review of research advances in the study of lactoferrin to treat viral infections.}, journal = {Life sciences}, volume = {361}, number = {}, pages = {123340}, doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123340}, pmid = {39730037}, issn = {1879-0631}, mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/immunology ; *Lactoferrin/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Virus Diseases/drug therapy/immunology/virology ; }, abstract = {Lactoferrin (Lf) is a naturally occurring glycoprotein known for its antiviral and antibacterial properties and is present in various physiological fluids. Numerous studies have demonstrated its antiviral effectiveness against multiple viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza virus (IFV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Lf, a vital component of the mucosal defense system, plays a crucial role in inhibiting viral infection by binding to both host cells and viral particles, such as the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). This interaction enables Lf to keep viral particles away from their target cells, emphasizing its significance as a fundamental element of mucosal defense against viral infections. Additionally, Lf has the ability to modulate cytokine expression and enhance cellular immune responses. In the innate immune system, Lf serves as a unique iron transporter and helps suppress various pathogens like bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This article summarises the potential antiviral properties of Lf against various viruses, along with its other mentioned functions. The advancement of Lf-based therapies supports the homology of food and medicine, providing a promising avenue to address viral infections and other public health challenges.}, }
@article {pmid39729138, year = {2024}, author = {Dourdouna, MM and Kourlaba, G and Michos, A}, title = {QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay for the evaluation of cellular immunity after immunization with mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Immunologic research}, volume = {73}, number = {1}, pages = {25}, pmid = {39729138}, issn = {1559-0755}, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention &amp; control/diagnosis ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; *Immunity, Cellular ; mRNA Vaccines ; Interferon-gamma Release Tests/methods ; Vaccination ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; }, abstract = {A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the virus-specific T-cell response after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, using the QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 interferon-γ release assay. A search was conducted (June 8, 2023) in the PUBMED, SCOPUS, and medRxiv databases, to identify studies reporting the QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 (Starter (two antigen tubes) or Starter + Extended Pack (three antigen tubes), cut-off ≥ 0.15 IU/mL) positivity rate (PR) in immunocompetent adults, following the administration of two or three COVID-19 mRNA vaccine doses. Study quality was evaluated with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Tool. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Eleven eligible studies (with 5-73 vaccinated immunocompetent participants) were identified. For COVID-19-naïve participants, ≤ 3 months after the second dose, the pooled PR (random-effects model) was 86 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 78-95%). Comparing the Starter vs. the Starter + Extended Pack, a significant difference in PRs was detected (80.6% vs. 100% p-value < 0.001). At 3-6 and >6 months after the second dose and ≥ 3 months after the third dose, the pooled PRs were 59% (95% CI 45-72%), 79% (95% CI 66-92%), and 66% (95% CI 50-82%), respectively. For convalescent participants, ≥ 6 months after the third dose, the pooled PR was 81% (95% CI 67-95%). Limitations include heterogeneity and a small number of studies, at some timepoints. In conclusion, following the second or third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose, QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 detected positive responses in a certain percentage of the vaccinees, possibly because of waning immunity, reduced assay sensitivity, or lack of T-cell response induction in some vaccinees. The detection of positive responses was higher when the Starter + Extended Pack was used. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42023431315.}, }
@article {pmid39729011, year = {2024}, author = {Kostanić, V and Kunić, V and Prišlin Šimac, M and Lolić, M and Sukalić, T and Brnić, D}, title = {Comparative Insights into Acute Gastroenteritis in Cattle Caused by Bovine Rotavirus A and Bovine Coronavirus.}, journal = {Veterinary sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39729011}, issn = {2306-7381}, support = {NPOO-4//European Union NextGenerationEU, supported by the Ministry of Science, Education and Youth of the Republic of Croatia/ ; }, abstract = {Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in cattle significantly impacts the economy due to relatively high morbidity and mortality and decreased production. Its multifactorial nature drives its global persistence, involving enteric viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and environmental factors. Bovine Rotavirus A (BoRVA) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are among the most important enteric RNA viruses causing AGE in cattle. These viruses infect intestinal enterocytes, leading to cell damage and consequently to malabsorption and diarrhea. BoRVA primarily affects calves under 14 days old with gastrointestinal clinical signs, while BCoV affects all ages, causing gastrointestinal and respiratory distress. The economic impact of BoRVA and BCoV, along with their interspecies transmission potential, warrants attention. This concise review discusses the molecular structure, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures of BoRVA and BCoV while providing a comparative analysis. By offering practical guidance on managing such viral infections in cattle, these comparative insights may prove valuable for veterinarians in clinical practice.}, }
@article {pmid39728655, year = {2024}, author = {Antolí-Jover, AM and Gázquez-López, M and Brieba-Del Río, P and Pérez-Morente, M&#xc1; and Martín-Salvador, A and Álvarez-Serrano, MA}, title = {Impact of Work-Family Balance on Nurses' Perceived Quality of Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy)}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {4022-4038}, pmid = {39728655}, issn = {2039-4403}, abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has put nurses under extreme pressure, especially affecting them by significantly increasing their workload and compromising their well-being. The lack of balance between work and personal life has caused greater stress and burnout in these professionals, deteriorating their quality of life and the care they provide. This study aims to synthesize the scientific evidence on the relationship between work-family balance and the perceived quality of life of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A scoping review was carried out based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines in the PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, WOS, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO databases. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).<br><br>RESULTS: Five studies involving 1641 nurses from Spain, India, Jordan, South Korea, and Turkey focused on three key areas: (1) work-life balance, (2) quality of life, and (3) factors associated with quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic exacerbated pre-existing challenges related to work-life balance and quality of life, particularly for nurses with rigid and extended work hours, increasing stress and negatively impacting their well-being. The study emphasizes the need for flexible labor policies, psychological support, and strong social networks to prevent burnout and improve nurses' quality of life.}, }
@article {pmid39728654, year = {2024}, author = {Timko Olson, ER and Olson, A and Driscoll, M and Bliss, DZ}, title = {Psychosocial Factors Affecting Wellbeing and Sources of Support of Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy)}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {4006-4021}, pmid = {39728654}, issn = {2039-4403}, abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To identify and analyze what is known about the psychosocial factors affecting the wellbeing and sources of support of young adult (YA) cancer survivors.<br><br>METHODS: The search strategy included Neoplasms, young adults, psycho* or emotional well* or mental health. The OVID Medline and CINAHL databases were searched. Included were cancer survivors (YA) ages 18-39 at the time of the study. The studies included qualitative and quantitative designs, written in English, and published between January 2016 and October 2024. The results were recorded according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirteen studies with 4992 participants found psychosocial factors to be the most important influence on life satisfaction with social support the most decisive factor. This expands the results of previous reviews by including a variety of study designs and data collection tools to provide a comprehensive understanding of the YA experience. Psychosocial concerns affecting wellbeing led to social isolation, low connectedness with family and friends, and significant distress. Consistent with previous reviews, the greatest challenges to wellbeing were psychosocial needs, which included seeking and delivering information that is easy to understand but detailed, which can decrease frustration and anger, and needs to be readily available and accessible. Unlike older adult cancer survivors, YA survivors are more likely to have reduced psychosocial functioning compared to their peers and suffer from higher distress than their adult peers and non-YA cancer survivors with anxiety as the most reported symptom.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Interventions need to be developed that lessen the impact of a cancer diagnosis and cancer treatments. The specific needs of YAs must be further researched and evaluated to determine specific interventions and the support needed during this crucial stage of cancer survivorship. Future research must also increase the focus on the racial and ethnic diversity of participants as well as prioritizing underserved populations and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39728505, year = {2024}, author = {Narro-Serrano, J and Marhuenda-Egea, FC}, title = {Diagnosis, Severity, and Prognosis from Potential Biomarkers of COVID-19 in Urine: A Review of Clinical and Omics Results.}, journal = {Metabolites}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39728505}, issn = {2218-1989}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has spurred an extraordinary scientific effort to better understand the disease's pathophysiology and develop diagnostic and prognostic tools to guide more precise and effective clinical management. Among the biological samples analyzed for biomarker identification, urine stands out due to its low risk of infection, non-invasive collection, and suitability for frequent, large-volume sampling. Integrating data from omics studies with standard biochemical analyses offers a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of COVID-19. This review aims to provide a detailed summary of studies published to date that have applied omics and clinical analyses on urine samples to identify potential biomarkers for COVID-19. In July 2024, an advanced search was conducted in Web of Science using the query: "covid* (Topic) AND urine (Topic) AND metabol* (Topic)". The search included results published up to 14 October 2024. The studies retrieved from this digital search were evaluated through a two-step screening process: first by reviewing titles and abstracts for eligibility, and then by retrieving and assessing the full texts of articles that met the specific criteria. The initial search retrieved 913 studies, of which 45 articles were ultimately included in this review. The most robust biomarkers identified include kynurenine, neopterin, total proteins, red blood cells, ACE2, citric acid, ketone bodies, hypoxanthine, amino acids, and glucose. The biological causes underlying these alterations reflect the multisystemic impact of COVID-19, highlighting key processes such as systemic inflammation, renal dysfunction, critical hypoxia, and metabolic stress.}, }
@article {pmid39727939, year = {2024}, author = {Che Mohd Nassir, CMN and Che Ramli, MD and Jaffer, U and Abdul Hamid, H and Mehat, MZ and Mohamad Ghazali, M and Kottakal Cheriya, EN}, title = {Neurological Sequelae of Post-COVID-19 Fatigue: A Narrative Review of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV-Mediated Cerebrovascular Complications.}, journal = {Current issues in molecular biology}, volume = {46}, number = {12}, pages = {13565-13582}, pmid = {39727939}, issn = {1467-3045}, support = {MPG-004-022024-FHLS//MSU Publication Grant/ ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global pandemic affecting millions of people's lives, which has led to 'post-COVID-19 fatigue'. Alarmingly, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) not only infects the lungs but also influences the heart and brain. Endothelial cell dysfunction and hypercoagulation, which we know occur with this infection, lead to thrombo-inflammation that can manifest as many myriad cardio-cerebrovascular disorders, such as brain fog, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, etc. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with oxidative stress, protein aggregation, cytokine storm, and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, the identification of molecular targets involved in these actions could provide strategies for preventing and treating this disease. In particular, the very common enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) has recently been identified as a candidate co-receptor for the cell entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with its involvement in infection. In addition, DPPIV has been reported as a co-receptor for some viruses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It mediates immunologic reactions and diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension, which have been considered the prime risk factors for stroke among other types of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Unlike angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), DPPIV has been implicated in aggravating the course of infection due to its disruptive effect on inflammatory signaling networks and the neuro-glia-vascular unit. Regarding the neurological, physiological, and molecular grounds governing post-COVID-19 fatigue, this review focuses on DPPIV as one of such reasons that progressively establishes cerebrovascular grievances following SARS-CoV infection.}, }
@article {pmid39727826, year = {2024}, author = {Hussein, Y and Edwards, S and Patel, HP}, title = {Psychological Impact of Hospital Discharge on the Older Person: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {9}, number = {6}, pages = {}, pmid = {39727826}, issn = {2308-3417}, abstract = {Introduction: Hospitalisation and prolonged length of stay is associated with deconditioning that risks adverse outcomes after discharge. Less is known about the psychological impact on older people after hospital discharge. The purpose of this systematic review was to elucidate factors contributing to psychological stress in older patients post-discharge to inform better discharge planning. Methods: A systematic search for studies reporting poor discharge outcomes in older people between 2010 and 2022 was performed in Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Search terms were 'older patients > 65 year', 'post-discharge', 'psychological distress', 'loneliness', 'anxiety', 'depression', and 'length of hospital stay'. Exclusion criteria included COVID-19 disease, dementia (±severe cognitive impairment), individuals aged <65, and those under palliative care services. Results: A total of 1666 records were identified, of which 878 were excluded as they were outside of our date limits or were not written in the English language, 681 were excluded after application of exclusion criteria, and 699 were excluded because of insufficient details. A total of 31 duplicates were removed, leaving 38 articles that were assessed for eligibility; 7 of these reports were found suitable, comprising 1131 patients. Three highly relevant themes identified relating to post-discharge outcomes were social isolation, lack of support, depression and anxiety. Older patients with a tendency toward depressive symptoms had an increased likelihood of death. Conclusions: It appears that the discharge process from hospital fails to address psychological factors that permit a successful transition from hospital. Pre-discharge screening of psychological symptoms and coping ability may assist in identifying older patients who are at risk of mental as well as subsequent physical deterioration. Better knowledge of positive and negative predictors of a successful transition from hospital to home would enable more holistic, effective, and inclusive discharge planning processes for older adults.}, }
@article {pmid39727661, year = {2024}, author = {Fisman, D and Postma, M and Levin, MJ and Mould-Quevedo, J}, title = {Absenteeism and Productivity Loss Due to Influenza or Influenza-like Illness in Adults in Europe and North America.}, journal = {Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39727661}, issn = {2079-9721}, support = {N/A//CSL Seqirus/ ; }, abstract = {Healthy working-age adults are susceptible to illness or caregiving requirements resulting from annual seasonal influenza, leading to considerable societal and economic impacts. The objective of this targeted narrative review is to understand the societal burden of influenza in terms of absenteeism and productivity loss, based on the current literature. This review includes 48 studies on the impact of influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) and reports on the effect of influenza vaccination, age, disease severity, caring for others, comorbidities, and antiviral prophylaxis on absenteeism and productivity loss due to influenza/ILI, focusing on publications originating from Canada, Europe, and the United States. Influenza/ILI results in substantial work time and productivity loss among working adults and students in Canada, Europe, and the United States, particularly those who are unvaccinated, are <65 years of age, or who have severe disease. Considerable work time and productivity loss is attributable to illness and caregiver burden related to influenza. Further research is required on the impact of influenza on absenteeism and productivity loss in adults with comorbidities to support the development of effective employer policies for working adults with underlying health conditions.}, }
@article {pmid39727183, year = {2025}, author = {Zuniga-Montanez, C and Davies, C and Ligoxygakis, L and Kašćelan, D and Gonzalez-Gomez, N}, title = {Annual Research Review: How did COVID-19 affect young children's language environment and language development? A scoping review.}, journal = {Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines}, volume = {66}, number = {4}, pages = {569-587}, pmid = {39727183}, issn = {1469-7610}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; *Language Development ; Infant ; *Social Environment ; Infant, Newborn ; }, abstract = {A diverse body of research conducted since the start of Covid-19 has investigated the impact of the pandemic on children's environments and their language development. This scoping review synthesises the peer-reviewed research literature on this topic between 2020 and 2023. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, we searched five databases for studies that fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: studies with neurotypical (monolingual or multilingual) 0-6-year-old children; studies focusing on any area of language development, including sources describing literacy or educational practices that impacted language development; studies focusing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, with no restrictions of geographical location or language used by participants. Ninety-four eligible studies were identified for review. The extracted data were synthesised using frequency tables and narrative descriptions. Eligible studies used a wide range of data collection periods, methods, research sites, sample ages, sizes, and roles to fulfil 15 broad aims. They show that children's language-learning environments were significantly impacted, with variability over time and across the socioeconomic spectrum. Together they investigated diverse language domains, as well as several home, educational, and demographic factors that were hypothesised to impact children's language development. Of those studies that focused on language outcomes, most converge to suggest a decline in typical expectations of children's language development, including their social communication, vocabulary, morphosyntax, literacy, and language of schooling, as well as general communication skills, school readiness, and other areas of academic progress. Our synthesis suggests that children's language and environment were significantly impacted by COVID-19. This scoping review will support families, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working with pandemic-era children to further understand the effects of the pandemic on children's development.}, }
@article {pmid39727052, year = {2025}, author = {Scheibenbogen, C and Wirth, KJ}, title = {Key Pathophysiological Role of Skeletal Muscle Disturbance in Post COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Accumulated Evidence.}, journal = {Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {e13669}, pmid = {39727052}, issn = {2190-6009}, support = {//Weidenhammer Zoebele Foundation/ ; //Lost Voices Foundation/ ; //MECFS Research Foundation/ ; //Fatigatio e.V./ ; //German Research Foundation/ ; //German Ministry of Education and Science/ ; //German Ministry of Health (BMG)/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/diagnosis/physiopathology/virology ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; *Muscle, Skeletal/cytology/physiopathology ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/physiopathology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recent studies provide strong evidence for a key role of skeletal muscle pathophysiology in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). In a 2021 review article on the pathophysiology of ME/CFS, we postulated that hypoperfusion and ischemia can result in excessive sodium and calcium overload in skeletal muscles of ME/CFS patients to cause mitochondrial damage. Since then, experimental evidence has been provided that supports this concept.<br><br>METHODS: We collect, summarize and discuss the current state of knowledge for the key role of skeletal muscle pathophysiology. We try to explain which risk factors and mechanisms are responsible for a subgroup of patients with post COVID syndrome (PCS) to develop ME/CFS (PC-ME/CFS).<br><br>RESULTS: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a long-held assumption to explain cardinal symptoms of ME/CFS. However, mitochondrial dysfunction could not be convincingly shown in leukocytes. By contrast, recent studies provide strong evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle tissue in ME/CFS. An electron microscopy study could directly show damage of mitochondria in skeletal muscle of ME/CFS patients with a preferential subsarcolemmal localization but not in PCS. Another study shows signs of skeletal muscle damage and regeneration in biopsies taken one day after exercise in PC-ME/CFS. The simultaneous presence of necroses and signs of regeneration supports the concept of repeated damage. Other studies correlated diminished hand grip strength (HGS) with symptom severity and prognosis. A MRI study showed that intracellular sodium in muscles of ME/CFS patients is elevated and that levels correlate inversely with HGS. This finding corroborates our concept of sodium and consecutive calcium overload as cause of muscular and mitochondrial damage caused by enhanced proton-sodium exchange due to anaerobic metabolism and diminished activity of the sodium-potassium-ATPase. The histological investigations in ME/CFS exclude ischemia by microvascular obstruction, viral presence or immune myositis. The only known exercise-induced mechanism of damage left is sodium induced calcium overload. If ionic disturbance and mitochondrial dysfunction is severe enough the patient may be captured in a vicious circle. This energy deficit is the most likely cause of exertional intolerance and post exertional malaise and is further aggravated by exertion.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Based on this pathomechanism, future treatment approaches should focus on normalizing the cause of ionic disbalance. Current treatment strategies targeting hypoperfusion have the potential to improve the dysfunction of ion transporters.}, }
@article {pmid39727042, year = {2024}, author = {Auerbach, A and Schmieg, JJ and Klassen, M and Nelson, A and Aguilera, NS}, title = {HIV, measles, and syphilis: histopathologic characteristics of lymphatic system involvement of three reemerging infectious diseases.}, journal = {Histopathology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/his.15408}, pmid = {39727042}, issn = {1365-2559}, abstract = {The resurgence of measles, syphilis, and HIV presents a significant threat to global health, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. These three infections involve lymph nodes and have unique pathologic findings in lymph nodes. We explore the pathological and clinical characteristics of these infections, focusing on their involvement of lymph nodes and their pathologic diagnosis in lymph node specimens. For HIV, lymph nodes are sites of viral replication and reservoirs, and the disease demonstrates multiple patterns within lymph nodes. The recent increase in measles, due in part to declining vaccination rates, signals the need for pathologists to be able to identify the characteristic Warthin-Finkeldey cells present in lymph node specimens. Syphilis, a reemerging sexually transmitted infection, often presents with lymphadenopathy and can mimic other conditions, complicating clinical diagnosis. By revisiting well-established findings and presenting new insights into the histopathological changes within lymphoid tissues, this review provides essential knowledge for pathologists and clinicians to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39726628, year = {2024}, author = {Hyseni Duraku, Z and Davis, H and Arënliu, A and Uka, F and Behluli, V}, title = {Overcoming mental health challenges in higher education: a narrative review.}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1466060}, pmid = {39726628}, issn = {1664-1078}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mental health among higher education students is a critical public health concern, with numerous studies documenting its impact on student well-being and academic performance. However, comprehensive research on the factors contributing to mental health deterioration, including barriers to seeking psychological help, remains insufficient. Gathering evidence on this topic is crucial to advancing policies, advocacy, and improving mental health services in higher education.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This review explores the unique challenges faced by vulnerable student groups and highlights the factors influencing student well-being and academic engagement, including those exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The review also addresses barriers to accessing mental health services across various regions and provides evidence-informed recommendations for improving mental health policies and services in higher education, covering both well-researched and underexplored contexts.<br><br>METHODS: This narrative review synthesizes findings from over 50 studies on mental health in higher education. A targeted search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus for studies published between 2013 and 2023. Data were analyzed through a deductive thematic content analysis approach, focusing on key predetermined themes related to student well-being, barriers to mental health services, and recommendations for policy improvements.<br><br>RESULTS: Several factors influence the mental health of higher education students, with vulnerable groups-including women, minorities, socioeconomically disadvantaged, international, and first-year students-experiencing higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Factors that impact students' well-being and academic performance include academic pressure, financial stress, lack of social support, isolation, trauma, lack of inclusive practices, and pandemic-related stressors. Institutional barriers, inconsistent well-being measures, data-sharing issues, and regulatory limitations hinder students' access to mental health services, while stigma and lack of trust in mental health professionals impede care.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Improving mental health strategies in higher education requires enhancing mental health services, addressing socioeconomic inequalities, improving digital literacy, standardizing services, involving youth in service design, and strengthening research and collaboration. Future research should prioritize detailed intervention reports, cost analyses, diverse data integration, and standardized indicators to improve research quality and applicability.}, }
@article {pmid39725992, year = {2024}, author = {Wang, R and Cheng, J and Zhang, Y and Wang, H}, title = {Analysis of risk factors for benign central airway stenosis after COVID-19 infection.}, journal = {European journal of medical research}, volume = {29}, number = {1}, pages = {624}, pmid = {39725992}, issn = {2047-783X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; China/epidemiology ; Constriction, Pathologic/etiology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: To investigate the risk factors associated with benign central airway stenosis following COVID-19 infection.<br><br>METHODS: The clinical data of 235 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2022 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the occurrence of postoperative central airway stenosis, the patients were categorized into a stenosis group (118 cases) and a control group (117 cases). The incidence of central airway stenosis following COVID-19 infection was summarized. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors associated with central airway stenosis after COVID-19 infection.<br><br>RESULTS: Among the 235 patients studied, 118 developed central airway stenosis. The results of the univariate analysis indicated that age, sex, liver function (as measured by alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase values), renal function (creatinine values), diabetes mellitus, fungal airway infections, tuberculosis, and nutritional status (albumin values) were identified as risk factors for benign central airway stenosis following COVID-19 infection (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). Furthermore, the multivariate analysis revealed that sex, diabetes mellitus, fungal airway infections, tuberculosis, and nutritional status (albumin values) were independent risk factors for benign central airway stenosis after COVID-19 infection (all P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: diabetes mellitus, fungal airway infections, tuberculosis, and poor nutritional status may lead to benign central airway stenosis after COVID-19 infection. Proactive preventive measures and close monitoring should be taken to improve the quality of life of patients infected with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39724975, year = {2025}, author = {Skevaki, C and Moschopoulos, CD and Fragkou, PC and Grote, K and Schieffer, E and Schieffer, B}, title = {Long COVID: Pathophysiology, current concepts, and future directions.}, journal = {The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology}, volume = {155}, number = {4}, pages = {1059-1070}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2024.12.1074}, pmid = {39724975}, issn = {1097-6825}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/physiopathology/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Biomarkers ; Immunity, Innate ; }, abstract = {Long COVID, an umbrella term referring to a variety of symptoms and clinical presentations that emerges in a subset of patients after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has a significant effect on quality of life and places a substantial burden on health care systems worldwide, straining financial and human resources. The pathophysiology of long COVID remains incompletely understood, though several hypotheses have been proposed to explain different aspects of this complex condition. SARS-CoV-2 persistence, direct organ damage, innate and adaptive immune system perturbation, autoimmunity, latent virus reactivation, endothelial dysfunction, and microbiome disturbances are among the most relevant avenues for elucidating the evolution, complexity, and mechanisms of long COVID. Active investigation regarding potential biomarkers for long COVID and its associated disease endotypes highlights the role of inflammatory mediators, immunophenotyping, and multiomics approaches. Further advances in understanding long COVID are needed to inform current and future therapeutics.}, }
@article {pmid39724971, year = {2025}, author = {Boisson-Dupuis, S and Bastard, P and Béziat, V and Bustamante, J and Cobat, A and Jouanguy, E and Puel, A and Rosain, J and Zhang, Q and Zhang, SY and Boisson, B}, title = {The monogenic landscape of human infectious diseases.}, journal = {The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology}, volume = {155}, number = {3}, pages = {768-783}, pmid = {39724971}, issn = {1097-6825}, support = {R01 NS072381/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI095983/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AI151663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR001866/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI143810/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U19 AI162568/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U17 CE001236/CE/NCIPC CDC HHS/United States ; R01 AI088364/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI127564/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI163029/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AI159728/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Communicable Diseases/genetics/immunology ; *Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics/immunology ; Animals ; }, abstract = {The spectrum of known monogenic inborn errors of immunity is growing, with certain disorders underlying a specific and narrow range of infectious diseases. These disorders reveal the core mechanisms by which these infections occur in various settings, including inherited and acquired immunodeficiencies, thereby delineating the essential mechanisms of protective immunity to the corresponding pathogens. These findings also have medical implications, facilitating diagnosis and improving the management of individuals at risk of disease.}, }
@article {pmid39724969, year = {2025}, author = {IJspeert, H and Edwards, ESJ and O'Hehir, RE and Dalm, VASH and van Zelm, MC}, title = {Update on inborn errors of immunity.}, journal = {The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology}, volume = {155}, number = {3}, pages = {740-751}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2024.12.1075}, pmid = {39724969}, issn = {1097-6825}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccination ; Male ; *Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/diagnosis/therapy/genetics/immunology ; }, abstract = {Ever since the first description of an inherited immunodeficiency in 1952 in a boy with gammaglobulin deficiency, new insights have progressed rapidly in disorders that are now referred to as inborn errors of immunity. In a field where fundamental molecular biology, genetics, immune signaling, and clinical care are tightly intertwined, 2022-24 saw a multitude of advances. Here we report a selection of research updates with a main focus on (1) diagnosis and screening, (2) new genetic defects, (3) susceptibility to severe coronavirus disease 2019 infection and impact of vaccination, and (4) treatment. Importantly, new pathogenic insights more rapidly affect treatment outcomes, either through an earlier and more precise diagnosis or through implementation of novel, personalized treatment. The field is growing rapidly, so awareness, communication, and collaboration are key to improving treatment outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39724740, year = {2025}, author = {Jones, LR}, title = {Intra-host variability of SARS-CoV-2: Patterns, causes and impact on COVID-19.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {603}, number = {}, pages = {110366}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2024.110366}, pmid = {39724740}, issn = {1096-0341}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; Mutation ; Genome, Viral ; Genetic Variation ; }, abstract = {Intra-host viral variability is related to pathogenicity, persistence, drug resistance, and the emergence of new clades. This work reviews the large amount of data on SARS-CoV-2 intra-host variability accumulated to date, addressing known and potential implications in COVID-19 and the emergence of VOCs and lineage-defining mutations. Topics covered include the distribution of intra-host polymorphisms across the genome, the corresponding mutational signatures, their patterns of emergence and extinction throughout infection, and the processes governing their abundance, frequency, and type (synonymous, nonsynonymous, indels, nonsense). Besides, evidence is reviewed that the virus can replicate and mutate in isolation at different anatomical compartments, which may imply that what we have learned from respiratory samples could be part of a broader picture.}, }
@article {pmid39724286, year = {2025}, author = {Ghatak, A and Pierides, I and Singh, RK and Srivastava, RK and Varshney, RK and Prasad, M and Chaturvedi, P and Weckwerth, W}, title = {Millets for a sustainable future.}, journal = {Journal of experimental botany}, volume = {76}, number = {6}, pages = {1534-1545}, pmid = {39724286}, issn = {1460-2431}, support = {//Vienna Metabolomics Center/ ; 5234//Austrian Science Fund/ ; }, mesh = {*Millets/genetics/growth &amp; development ; *Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; Climate Change ; COVID-19 ; Agriculture ; }, abstract = {Our current agricultural system faces a perfect storm-climate change, a burgeoning population, and unpredictable outbreaks such as COVID-19 which disrupt food production, particularly for vulnerable populations in developing countries. A paradigm shift in agriculture practices is needed to tackle these issues. One solution is the diversification of crop production. While ~56% of the plant-based protein stems from three major cereal crops (rice, wheat, and maize), underutilized crops such as millets, legumes, and other cereals are highly neglected by farmers and the research community. Millets are one of the most ancient and versatile orphan crops with attributes such as fast growing, high yielding, withstanding harsh environments, and rich in micronutrients such as iron and zinc, making them appealing to achieve agronomic sustainability. Here, we highlight the contribution of millet to agriculture and focus on the genetic diversity of millet, genomic resources, and next-generation omics and their applications under various stress conditions. Additionally, integrative omics technologies could identify and develop millets with desirable phenotypes having high agronomic value and mitigating climate change. We emphasize that biotechnological interventions, such as genome-wide association, genomic selection, genome editing, and artificial intelligence/machine learning, can improve and breed millets more effectively.}, }
@article {pmid39722902, year = {2024}, author = {Salman, M and Kimball, R and Bromley, S and Belleville, T and Jabbar, ABA and Mirza, M and Hayat, S and Sood, A and Tauseef, A}, title = {Telemedicine: Future of the healthcare system and its impact on patient satisfaction: A literature review.}, journal = {Journal of family medicine and primary care}, volume = {13}, number = {11}, pages = {4810-4814}, pmid = {39722902}, issn = {2249-4863}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The utilization of telemedicine has increased dramatically since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we examined studies published within the past five years that investigated the impact of telemedicine on patient satisfaction.<br><br>METHODS: Four investigators utilized PubMed and Google Scholar to find studies published within the past five years that assessed patient satisfaction with telemedicine in the field of adult primary care, using either the Press Ganey or CAHPS surveys. Studies that compared cost and quality of care between telemedicine and in-patient healthcare were also included to address the secondary aims of this study.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 11 studies out of the 405 that were investigated were selected for this review. Five studies found no significant difference in patient satisfaction between telemedicine and in-person medicine, with one of those showing a patient preference for telemedicine. One study demonstrated significantly higher satisfaction with in-person medicine vs. telemedicine. Another study found that most physicians and patients reported no perceived difference in quality of care between telemedicine and in-person visitation. One study found no difference in patient satisfaction with telemedicine between immigrants and non-immigrants. Another study showed that patients have higher satisfaction when using telemedicine with their PCP vs. an unfamiliar provider. Two studies found telemedicine to be cost-effective.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our review concludes that patient satisfaction with telemedicine is not inferior to that with in-person visits. However, further research should be conducted to determine various factors that may affect patient perception and satisfaction.}, }
@article {pmid39722755, year = {2024}, author = {Mahmood, MK and Fatih, MT and Kurda, HA and Mahmood, NK and Shareef, FU and Faraidun, H and Tassery, H and Tardivo, D and Lan, R and Noori, ZF and Qadir, BH and Hassan, AD}, title = {Role of viruses in periodontitis: An extensive review of herpesviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, coronavirus-19, papillomavirus and hepatitis viruses.}, journal = {World journal of virology}, volume = {13}, number = {4}, pages = {99070}, pmid = {39722755}, issn = {2220-3249}, abstract = {Periodontitis is the inflammation of the supporting structures around the dentition. Several microbial agents, mostly bacteria, have been identified as causative factors for periodontal disease. On the other hand, oral cavity is a rich reservoir for viruses since it contains a wide variety of cell types that can be targeted by viruses. Traditionally, the focus of research about the oral flora has been on bacteria because the most widespread oral diseases, like periodontitis and dental caries, are outcomes of bacterial infection. However, recently and especially after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019, there is a growing tendency toward including viruses also into the scope of oral microbiome investigations. The global high prevalence of periodontitis and viral infections may point out to a concomitant or synergistic effect between the two. Although the exact nature of the mechanism still is not clearly understood, this could be speculated through the manipulation of the immune system by viruses; hence facilitating the furthermore colonization of the oral tissues by bacteria. This review provides an extensive and detailed update on the role of the most common viruses including herpes family (herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus), Human papillomaviruses, Human immunodeficiency virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the initiation, progression and prognosis of periodontitis.}, }
@article {pmid39722466, year = {2024}, author = {Lau, KTK and Xiong, X and Wong, CKH and Au, ICH and Lui, AYC and Tsai, GYT and Wu, T and Li, L and Lau, EHY and Cowling, BJ and Leung, GM}, title = {Comparative Effectiveness of Antivirals and Monoclonal Antibodies for Treating COVID-19 Patients Infected With Omicron Variant: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Influenza and other respiratory viruses}, volume = {18}, number = {12}, pages = {e70065}, pmid = {39722466}, issn = {1750-2659}, support = {//AIR@InnoHK/ ; //Hong Kong Jockey Club Global Health Institute (HKJCGHI)/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Ritonavir/therapeutic use ; Network Meta-Analysis ; COVID-19/mortality/immunology/virology ; Treatment Outcome ; Alanine/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs &amp; derivatives ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; }, abstract = {Antiviral drugs likely remain effective against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, while monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies have experienced drops in neutralizing ability. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to estimate the comparative effectiveness of antivirals and mAb therapies for treating COVID-19 patients infected with Omicron, capturing primarily acute outcomes. We searched multiple databases from July 4 to July 19, 2022, with updates through November 4, 2022. Studies comparing the effectiveness of antivirals or mAb to either nonuser controls or other treatments were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Data extraction and verification involved five independent researchers. Among 39 studies (727,893 individuals with COVID-19, including 38 nonrandomized trials), nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and sotrovimab were associated with lower risks of mortality (HR = 0.317, 95% credible intervals [CrI] = 0.144-0.678; HR = 0.176, 95%CrI = 0.052-0.527) and hospitalization (HR = 0.479, 95%CrI = 0.319-0.711; HR = 0.489, 95%CrI = 0.293-0.797) compared with nonuser controls. Remdesivir users were associated with a lower risk of hospitalization (HR = 0.367, 95%CrI = 0.147-0.868) but not mortality. Molnupiravir and bebtelovimab showed no significant benefits for these outcomes. In conclusion, among individuals infected with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave, mortality risk was lower with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or sotrovimab use, whereas hospitalization was reduced with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, or sotrovimab. Sotrovimab and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir were effective against Omicron B.1.1.529/BA.1 and BA.2/BA.4/BA.5 subvariants, respectively. A key limitation is that findings rely on data from the last search and may be impacted by potential changes in mortality risk due to immune evasion by emerging variants, highlighting the need for ongoing randomized trials across variants and populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered on PROSPERO, CRD42022351508.}, }
@article {pmid39720963, year = {2024}, author = {Guha, SK and Niyogi, S}, title = {Microbial Dynamics in COVID-19: Unraveling the Impact of Human Microbiome on Disease Susceptibility and Therapeutic Strategies.}, journal = {Current microbiology}, volume = {82}, number = {1}, pages = {59}, pmid = {39720963}, issn = {1432-0991}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/microbiology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Microbiota ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; }, abstract = {This review explores the bidirectional relationship between the human microbiome and SARS-CoV-2 infection, elucidating its implications for COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and therapeutic strategies. Metagenomic analyses reveal notable alterations in microbiome composition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, impacting disease severity and clinical outcomes. Dysbiosis within the respiratory, gastrointestinal, oral, and skin microbiomes exacerbates COVID-19 pathology through immune dysregulation and inflammatory pathways. Understanding these microbial shifts is pivotal for devising targeted therapeutic interventions. Notably, co-infection of oral pathogens with SARS-CoV-2 worsens lung pathology, while gut microbiome dysbiosis influences viral susceptibility and severity. Potential therapeutic approaches targeting the microbiome include probiotics, antimicrobial agents, and immunomodulatory strategies. This review underscores the importance of elucidating host-microbiota interactions to advance precision medicine and public health initiatives in combating COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39720706, year = {2024}, author = {Müller, L and Di Benedetto, S}, title = {The impact of COVID-19 on accelerating of immunosenescence and brain aging.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular neuroscience}, volume = {18}, number = {}, pages = {1471192}, pmid = {39720706}, issn = {1662-5102}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has profoundly impacted global health, affecting not only the immediate morbidity and mortality rates but also long-term health outcomes across various populations. Although the acute effects of COVID-19 on the respiratory system have initially been the primary focus, it is increasingly evident that the virus can have significant impacts on multiple physiological systems, including the nervous and immune systems. The pandemic has highlighted the complex interplay between viral infection, immune aging, and brain health, that can potentially accelerate neuroimmune aging and contribute to the persistence of long COVID conditions. By inducing chronic inflammation, immunosenescence, and neuroinflammation, COVID-19 may exacerbate the processes of neuroimmune aging, leading to increased risks of cognitive decline, neurodegenerative diseases, and impaired immune function. Key factors include chronic immune dysregulation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the disruption of cellular processes. These overlapping mechanisms between aging and COVID-19 illustrate how the virus can induce and accelerate aging-related processes, leading to an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases and other age-related conditions. This mini-review examines key features and possible mechanisms of COVID-19-induced neuroimmune aging that may contribute to the persistence and severity of long COVID. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing effective interventions. Anti-inflammatory therapies, neuroprotective agents, immunomodulatory treatments, and lifestyle interventions all hold potential for mitigating the long-term effects of the virus. By addressing these challenges, we can improve health outcomes and quality of life for millions affected by the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39720103, year = {2025}, author = {Crivelli, L and Winkler, A and Keller, G and Beretta, S and Calandri, IL and De Groote, W and Fornari, A and Frontera, J and Kivipelto, M and Lopez-Rocha, AS and Mangialasche, F and Munblit, D and Palmer, K and Guekht, A and Allegri, R}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 on functional, cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and health-related outcomes in patients with dementia: A systematic review.}, journal = {eNeurologicalSci}, volume = {38}, number = {}, pages = {100539}, pmid = {39720103}, issn = {2405-6502}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: This systematic review analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on dementia patients' functional, cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and health related outcomes. It hypothesizes that dementia patients infected with SARS-CoV-2experience more pronounced deterioration compared to those who are uninfected.<br><br>METHODS: Research from 01/03/2020 to 07/10/2023 was conducted using Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases, and adhering to PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework. The study aimed to determine if SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with worse outcomes in dementia patients. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022352481), and bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.<br><br>RESULTS: Among 198 studies reviewed, only three met the criteria. Chen et al. (2023) identified higher mortality in SARS-CoV-2-infected dementia patients, while Merla et al. (2023) observed faster cognitive decline in infected individuals with increased hospital admissions. Additionally, Cascini et al. (2022) reported an increased risk of infection and significantly elevated mortality in dementia patients, highlighting comorbidities and antipsychotic medication use as key risk factors.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These limited data suggest higher mortality and cognitive decline in dementia patients following COVID-19, underscoring the need for extensive research in this area.}, }
@article {pmid39719771, year = {2025}, author = {Myemba, DT and Smets, L and Sunguya, BF and Vandaele, N and Decouttere, C}, title = {Challenges and strategies for sustainable and resilient immunization systems in sub-Saharan Africa: A comprehensive scoping review.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {45}, number = {}, pages = {126639}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126639}, pmid = {39719771}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {Humans ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; *Immunization Programs/organization &amp; administration ; *Vaccination ; *Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Vaccination Hesitancy ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Immunization ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Immunization is pivotal for health-related sustainable development, necessitating resilient and sustainable immunization systems. This scoping review explores challenges and strategies for sustained vaccine uptake in the new Decade of Vaccines (2021-2030) within sub-Saharan Africa, encompassing routine and non-routine vaccines.<br><br>METHODS: The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodology to examine English-language articles published from January 01, 2021, to May 29, 2023. Databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. An extended search and analysis were conducted on PubMed from May 30, 2023, to April 27, 2024, to provide an overview of information not covered within the original search period. Two independent reviewers screened articles by title and abstract, followed by a full-text review. Thematic analysis was applied to extracted data, with results presented in tabular and schematic formats.<br><br>RESULTS: African immunization systems face numerous challenges, including high hesitancy for new and non-routine vaccines, inadequate program coordination and vaccine infrastructure, persisting social disparities in vaccine access and uptake, under-vaccination with multiple dose, adolescent and adult vaccines, and inadequate resilience against large scale disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies addressing these challenges include education and awareness-based campaigns, mobile phone-based appointment reminders, financial incentives to service providers and vaccinees, as well as supportive supervision and performance monitoring programs for service providers. Geospatial, logistics, and systems models have been used as decision support to inform immunization strategies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The review highlights challenges impeding vaccine access and uptake, casting concerns on the sustainability and resilience of immunization programs in sub-Saharan Africa. While improvement strategies have been employed, very few were based on human-centered design approaches for decision support. Employing systems thinking is recommended to reveal dynamic mechanisms and to design strategies for the long-term viability of immunization efforts.}, }
@article {pmid39719681, year = {2024}, author = {Applegate, TL and Causer, LM and Gow, I and Alternetti, N and Anderson, L and Borgnolo, B and Cooney, L and Cunningham, P and Fernando, M and Hengel, B and Huang, RL and Kayago, K and King, JM and Lew, HJ and Martinello, M and Milic, M and Miller, K and O'Connor, S and Patel, P and Phillips, E and Rawlinson, W and Sharma, A and Shephard, MDS and Tangey, A and Smith, K and Williams, AL and Andrewartha, K and Guy, R and Matthews, SJ}, title = {Paving the way for quality assured, decentralised point-of-care testing for infectious disease in primary care - Real world lessons from remote Australia.}, journal = {Expert review of molecular diagnostics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-14}, doi = {10.1080/14737159.2024.2403091}, pmid = {39719681}, issn = {1744-8352}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Decentralized molecular testing for infectious disease diagnosis at the point-of-care (POC) is critical to address inequities in access to timely, informed health care. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the demand, development and adoption of POC tests for infectious diseases globally. This has provided opportunities to maximize the individual benefits and public health impact of POC testing, particularly in remote and resource-limited primary care settings. Despite this, there remains a lack of harmonized, regulatory compliance and quality management frameworks for the delivery of molecular POC testing networks outside the laboratory setting.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: This Perspective describes real-world lessons and experiences of delivering a fit-for-purpose, quality framework for one of the world's largest decentralized molecular POC testing programs for infectious disease across rural and remote Australian communities. Here we detail unique, key considerations to ensure the quality of POC testing in primary health settings with global application.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: There is an ethical and public health imperative to provide sustained access to decentralized POC testing for infectious disease in primary care. Genuine partnerships across stakeholders and disciplines are essential to deliver well governed, fit-for-purpose quality management POC testing frameworks and increase equitable access to timely, high-quality person-centered care.}, }
@article {pmid39719628, year = {2024}, author = {Lim, O and Chua, WY and Wong, A and Ling, RR and Chan, HC and Quek, SC and Wu, S and Somani, J}, title = {The environmental impact and sustainability of infection control practices: a systematic scoping review.}, journal = {Antimicrobial resistance and infection control}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {156}, pmid = {39719628}, issn = {2047-2994}, mesh = {Humans ; *Infection Control/methods ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Environment ; Carbon Footprint ; }, abstract = {Infection prevention and control (IPC) programs form the basis of minimizing spread of pathogens in the healthcare setting and beyond. The COVID-19 pandemic amplified the demand for IPC. However, the environmental impact of IPC practices has yet to be addressed and attempts to quantify its climate implications have been sparse. We performed a scoping review to identify current evidence regarding the environmental footprint of IPC measures and to highlight existing gaps in the literature. We included 30 articles, with 23 quantifying the environmental impact by mass of waste generated, six via carbon emissions, and one reporting on the concentration of volatile organic compounds. The mass of infectious waste ranged from 0.16 to 3.95 kg/bed/day, with large variability between countries. In general, higher-income countries produced more waste than lower-income countries. Significant carbon emission savings resulted from substituting reusable gowns and sharps containers, compared to single use items. The most significant gaps are the overall lack of standardisation in quantifying the environmental footprint of IPC-related practices, and a lack of studies on carbon emissions stemming from low and lower-middle income countries. We quantify the environmental impact of IPC practices, suggest areas of infection control that warrant further evaluation, and an approach to standardising environmental metrics in an attempt to better map out the climate implications of adopted IPC measures.}, }
@article {pmid39719293, year = {2024}, author = {Plater, JC and Baxter, GD and Wood, LC and Mueller, J and Fisher, T}, title = {Development of evidence-based standards for inpatient physiotherapy services: a systematic review and content analysis of clinical practice guidelines.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {e088692}, pmid = {39719293}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *Physical Therapy Modalities/standards ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic ; New Zealand ; Evidence-Based Practice/standards ; Inpatients ; COVID-19/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Performance standards are critical to service design and quality improvement. There are no published standards defining the care inpatients should receive from physiotherapists in Aotearoa New Zealand. This study aims to explore the potential of using clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to develop a set of evidence-based standards for physiotherapy in inpatient settings.<br><br>DESIGN: A systematic review and content analysis of CPGs.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: Scholarly databases (Web of Science, CINAHL and Scopus, PEDro) and grey literature (guideline databases - NICE, SIGN, ECRI guideline trust, Guidelines International Network (GIN)) were searched between July and September 2021.<br><br>ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: CPGs related to conditions and treatments common to physiotherapy in a secondary care setting were included. Mental health conditions, paediatrics, COVID-19 and conditions common to tertiary care were excluded.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: A pragmatic approach was taken to group guidelines aligned with common physiotherapy services and select only the most recent and comprehensive guidelines for final analysis. The quality of CPGs was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Instrument (AGREE II). Data from guideline recommendations of relevance to inpatient physiotherapy were grouped into themes. Summative 'statements' were drafted to represent the content of each theme; these were given a confidence rating based on the number of supporting guidelines and the strength or grade of evidence awarded by the guideline group.<br><br>RESULTS: The recommendations of 32 CPGs yielded 27 statements.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Twenty-seven statements represent a distillation of the best evidence-based practice recommendations from CPGs in inpatient physiotherapy. Statements of physiotherapy dosage (frequency, intensity and duration) are not available for many areas of practice; researchers and CPG groups should consider the importance of these data for service commissioning. &#x2003;.}, }
@article {pmid39718180, year = {2024}, author = {Farina, FR and Bridgeman, K and Gregory, S and Crivelli, L and Foote, IF and Jutila, OI and Kucikova, L and Mariano, LI and Nguyen, KH and Thayanandan, T and Akindejoye, F and Butler, J and Calandri, IL and Čepukaitytė, G and Chiesa, ST and Dawson, WD and Deckers, K and Cruz-Góngora, V and Dounavi, ME and Govia, I and Guzmán-Vélez, E and Heikal, SA and Hill-Jarrett, TG and Ibáñez, A and James, BD and McGlinchey, E and Mullin, DS and Muniz-Terrera, G and Pintado Caipa, M and Qansuwa, EM and Robinson, L and Santuccione Chadha, A and Shannon, OM and Su, L and Weidner, W and Booi, L}, title = {Next generation brain health: transforming global research and public health to promote prevention of dementia and reduce its risk in young adult populations.}, journal = {The lancet. Healthy longevity}, volume = {5}, number = {12}, pages = {100665}, pmid = {39718180}, issn = {2666-7568}, support = {P30 AG072975/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG075775/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; P30 AG024978/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; K23 AG061276/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; K23 AG084871/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 NS131433/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG057234/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; RF1 AG073593/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG072559/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Brain/physiopathology ; *Dementia/epidemiology/physiopathology/prevention &amp; control ; *Global Health ; *Public Health ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {Efforts to prevent dementia can benefit from precision interventions delivered to the right population at the right time; that is, when the potential to reduce risk is the highest. Young adults (aged 18-39 years) are a neglected population in dementia research and policy making despite being highly exposed to several known modifiable risk factors. The risk and protective factors that have the biggest effect on dementia outcomes in young adulthood, and how these associations differ across regions and groups, still remain unclear. To address these uncertainties, the Next Generation Brain Health team convened a multidisciplinary expert group representing 15 nations across six continents. We identified several high-priority modifiable factors in young adulthood and devised five key recommendations for promoting brain health, ranging from individual to policy levels. Increasing research and policy focus on brain health across the life course, inclusive of younger populations, is the next crucial step in the efforts to prevent dementia at the global level.}, }
@article {pmid39717459, year = {2024}, author = {Widyaningsih, SA and Hakim, MS}, title = {COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Vaccine Hesitancy: A Review.}, journal = {Oman medical journal}, volume = {39}, number = {4}, pages = {e646}, pmid = {39717459}, issn = {1999-768X}, abstract = {Vaccination is one of the most successful public health initiatives in human history, significantly reducing the incidence and severity of infectious diseases. The success of any vaccination program depends on several factors, including effective leadership, funding, distribution management, and addressing vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy, the delay or refusal to be vaccinated despite the availability of immunization services, has always been prevalent in societies but has become more pronounced during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, anti-vaccine activists persistently promoted and increased vaccine hesitancy by using social media to spread rumors, propaganda, and conspiracy theories. The rising vaccine hesitancy among the public became a major challenge to the success of the COVID-19 immunization program. There are also indications that this hesitancy may have generalized against more traditional vaccines. This literature review explores the structure and evolving dynamics of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and the resultant generalized skepticism towards other vaccinations. It also suggests future strategies to address and mitigate the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy.}, }
@article {pmid39717247, year = {2024}, author = {Ahmadi, A and Sabri, MR and Ghaderian, M and Dehghan, B and Mahdavi, C and Mohkamkar, N}, title = {Cardiovascular Complications in Children Post COVID-19: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Advanced biomedical research}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {94}, pmid = {39717247}, issn = {2277-9175}, abstract = {Cardiovascular involvements are one of the most important and threatening problems of SARS-CoV-2 infection and can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations in children. Therefore, a review of previous studies is necessary to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular complications and reduce the risk of mortality in this age group of patients. To investigate the cardiovascular complications in children with COVID-19, international authoritative databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Persian databases were searched using the main concepts, all articles were published between January 2020 and November 2022. According to the results of the present study, no deaths due to cardiovascular involvement were reported in the studied healthy children with COVID-19. In addition, in electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, supraventricular arrhythmias (SVA) and ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and in echo findings, left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) have had the most consequences.}, }
@article {pmid39717028, year = {2024}, author = {Properzi, S and Carestia, R and Birettoni, V and Calesso, V and Marinelli, B and Scapicchi, E and Brillo, E and de Waure, C}, title = {Vaccination of pregnant women: an overview of European policies and strategies to promote it.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1455318}, pmid = {39717028}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Europe ; *Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Pregnant People/psychology ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Policy ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {Maternal immunization is a valuable tool for protecting mother and unborn child from vaccine-preventable diseases. However, the implementation of strategies for vaccinating pregnant women has only recently gained traction. This work is aimed at providing an overview of European vaccination strategies and gathering evidence on interventions enhancing vaccination knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) in pregnant women. To summarize current pregnancy vaccination strategies in Europe, we consulted literature, institutional national health system websites, and the ECDC Vaccine Scheduler. The review of evidence on interventions targeting pregnant women's vaccination KAB was performed by searching primary studies on PubMed and Web of Science. The 27 EU member states offer various vaccinations in pregnancy, but only 10 recommend all of these: tetanus, pertussis, diphtheria, influenza, and COVID-19, albeit with different administration schedules. The literature review included 7 studies, 3 from Italy and 4 from other European countries (UK, Netherlands, Greece, Poland, and Ukraine). They were conducted in various settings such as childbirth preparation courses, prenatal visits, and online platforms, and all included educational interventions providing information on vaccine safety and efficacy during pregnancy. Knowledge about vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases, generally low in the pre-intervention period, increased post-intervention, with a rise in awareness of the risks associated with infectious diseases and the recommended vaccines, a reduction in vaccine-related misinformation, and a greater propensity to vaccinate both newborns and themselves. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in adherence to recommended vaccinations, particularly among those with higher educational levels. However, vaccine hesitancy persisted, influenced by factors such as fear of adverse events and the lack of recommendations from healthcare providers. Variations in pregnancy vaccination strategies across Europe emphasize the importance of establishing a unified framework to optimize maternal and fetal health outcomes through evidence-based policies. Educational interventions may positively impact pregnant women's KAB, therefore promoting vaccination uptake.}, }
@article {pmid39716792, year = {2024}, author = {Luo, J and Deng, J and Wang, Y and Qiu, L}, title = {The Application of Different Pulmonary Ultrasound Scores in Severe Pneumonia Patients.}, journal = {Current medical imaging}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {e15734056357536}, doi = {10.2174/0115734056357536241126090720}, pmid = {39716792}, issn = {1573-4056}, mesh = {Humans ; *Ultrasonography/methods ; *COVID-19/diagnostic imaging ; *Lung/diagnostic imaging ; *Severity of Illness Index ; *Pneumonia/diagnostic imaging ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Prognosis ; }, abstract = {Severe pneumonia (SP) is a common cause of septic shock and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), leading to multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Patients with SP often require respiratory support, and SP is associated with high mortality and is a significant economic burden for hospitalized patients. Therefore, early identification and real-time monitoring of the severity of SP are crucial for improving outcomes. Previous research has reported that the lung ultrasound score (LUSS) can be used to diagnose and assess the severity of SP, guide treatment, and improve prognosis. Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, various LUSS systems have been developed to help identify the unique characteristics of SP and reduce the risk of death. However, there is currently a lack of standardization in the use of these systems. This article provides key information about lung ultrasound (LUS) and different versions of the LUSS, aiming to standardize and simplify the clinical application of LUS and the LUSS for SP patients.}, }
@article {pmid39716132, year = {2024}, author = {Mohseni, M and Azami-Aghdash, S and Bashzar, S and Mousavi Isfahani, H and Parnian, E and Amini-Rarani, M}, title = {An umbrella review of the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: Call to action for post-COVID-19 at the global level.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {3562}, pmid = {39716132}, issn = {1471-2458}, support = {IR.MUI.NUREMA.REC.1403.025//Isfahan University of Medical Sciences/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Depression/epidemiology ; *Global Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Pandemics/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Prevalence ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pandemics can lead to mental health problems such as depression. This meta-analysis of meta-analyses aimed to estimate the precise prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched for published meta-analyses using relevant keywords, such as depression, prevalence, COVID-19, and meta-analysis up to March 18, 2024 according to the PRISMA guidelines. Relevant journals as well as the search engine Google Scholar were manually searched to discover more articles. The AMSTAR tool was used for quality assessment. A random-effects model was used for the analysis. All analyses were conducted using the STATA 17 software.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 535 records, 82 meta-analyses were included. The results showed that the overall prevalence of depression was 30% [95% CI: 29-32] with a high heterogeneity (I[2]: 90.98%). The highest prevalence of depression according to population group was found in medical students (40% [30-49]), specific groups (40% [3-78]), and patients (36% [27-45]). The results of meta-regression based on the different times between the start of COVID-19 and the last date of search in the articles (week) and the prevalence of depression, showed that each past week of Covid-19 increases the prevalence of depression by almost 0.00021% [95% CI: -0.00025, 0.00068], P-value: 0.36, but "time" is not a significant predictor of an increase in depression.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the prevalence of depression was high during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among medical students. Policy makers should pay more attention to these groups and those who are at greater risk. Primary mental health interventions and policies are necessary to support the mental health of these individuals during the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39716038, year = {2024}, author = {Rasool, G and Khan, WA and Khan, AM and Riaz, M and Abbas, M and Rehman, AU and Irshad, S and Ahmad, S}, title = {COVID-19: A threat to the respiratory system.}, journal = {International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology}, volume = {38}, number = {}, pages = {3946320241310307}, pmid = {39716038}, issn = {2058-7384}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology/physiopathology/virology ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/immunology/physiopathology/virology ; *Respiratory System/immunology/physiopathology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/pathogenicity ; }, abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes acute coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) that has emerged on a pandemic level. Coronaviruses are well-known to have a negative impact on the lungs and cardiovascular system. SARS-CoV-2 induces a cytokine storm that primarily targets the lungs, causing widespread clinical disorders, including COVID-19. Although, SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals often show no or mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, severe cases can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Novel CoV-2 infection in 2019 resulted in viral pneumonia as well as other complications and extrapulmonary manifestation. ARDS is also linked to a higher risk of death. Now, it is essential to develop our perception of the long term sequelae coronavirus infection for the identification of COVID-19 survivors who are at higher risk of developing the chronic lung fibrosis. This review study was planned to provide an overview of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on various parts of the respiratory system such as airways, pulmonary vascular, lung parenchymal and respiratory neuromuscular system as well as the potential mechanism of the ARDS related respiratory complications including the lung fibrosis in patients with severe COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39715694, year = {2025}, author = {Cáceres, E and Divani, AA and Viñan-Garces, AE and Olivella-Gomez, J and Quintero-Altare, A and Pérez, S and Reyes, LF and Sasso, N and Biller, J}, title = {Tackling persistent neurological symptoms in patients following acute COVID-19 infection: an update of the literature.}, journal = {Expert review of neurotherapeutics}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {67-83}, doi = {10.1080/14737175.2024.2440543}, pmid = {39715694}, issn = {1744-8360}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/therapy ; *Nervous System Diseases/therapy ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Quality of Life ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has taught myriad lessons and left several questions we are yet to comprehend. Initially, the scientific community was concerned with the management of acute disease and immunization. Once the peak of the pandemic receded, it became clear that a proportion of patients were far from fully recovered. Researchers started to recognize those persisting symptoms as a new entity termed 'Long COVID,' where neurological symptoms are evident and have a major impact on quality of life.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: The main purpose of this narrative review is to analyze and synthesize the current literature regarding Long COVID, its relation to the nervous system, and to explore the evidence on treatments for persistent neurological symptoms. The most common reported and observed neurologic manifestations include fatigue, cognitive impairment, pain, polyneuropathy, and neuropsychiatric disorders. A variety of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies have been evaluated and yielded mixed results. Many of them focused on immunomodulation and none currently have U.S. FDA approval.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: Challenges remain in terms of clinical characterization and prognosis of Long COVID, besides understanding its pathophysiology. Standardization of biomarkers and diagnostic criteria will allow the use of common nomenclature and data elements in the design of future clinical studies.}, }
@article {pmid39715559, year = {2025}, author = {,  and Vale, CL and Godolphin, PJ and Fisher, DJ and Higgins, JPT and McAleenan, A and Spiga, F and Tritschler, T and de Barros E Silva, PGM and Berg, DD and Berger, JS and Berry, LR and Bikdeli, B and Blondon, M and Bohula, EA and Cattaneo, M and Colombo, R and Coluccio, V and DeSancho, MT and Farkouh, ME and Fuster, V and Girardis, M and Hochman, JS and Jensen, TP and Jha, V and Jüni, P and Kirtane, AJ and Lawler, P and Le Gal, G and Lecumberri, R and Lentz, SR and Lopes, RD and Lorenzi, E and Marietta, M and Miranda, CH and Morici, N and Morpeth, SC and Morrow, DA and McQuilten, ZK and Muñoz-Rivas, N and Neal, MD and Pant, S and Parikh, SA and Perepu, U and Sadeghipour, P and Sethi, S and Sholzberg, M and Spyropoulos, AC and Stone, GW and Talasaz, AH and Tong, S and Totterdell, J and Venkatesh, B and Wu, MA and Zarychanski, R and Zuily, S and Viry, J and Rylance, J and Adhikari, NKJ and Diaz, JV and Marshall, JC and Sterne, JAC and Murthy, S}, title = {Anticoagulation Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 : A Systematic Review and Prospective Meta-analysis.}, journal = {Annals of internal medicine}, volume = {178}, number = {1}, pages = {59-69}, doi = {10.7326/ANNALS-24-00800}, pmid = {39715559}, issn = {1539-3704}, mesh = {Humans ; *Anticoagulants/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/mortality ; Hospitalization ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Thromboembolism/prevention &amp; control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Heparin/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Respiration, Artificial ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Reported results of clinical trials assessing higher-dose anticoagulation in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 have been inconsistent.<br><br>PURPOSE: To estimate the association of higher- versus lower-dose anticoagulation with clinical outcomes.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: Randomized trials were identified from the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov with no restriction by trial status or language.<br><br>STUDY SELECTION: Eligible randomized trials assigned patients hospitalized for COVID-19 to higher- versus lower-dose anticoagulation.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION: 20 eligible trials provided data in a prospectively agreed format. Two further studies were included based on published data. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality 28 days after randomization. Secondary outcomes were progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death, thromboembolic events, and major bleeding.<br><br>DATA SYNTHESIS: Therapeutic- compared with prophylactic-dose anticoagulation with heparins reduced 28-day mortality (OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.64 to 0.93]; I [2]&#x2009;= 29%; 11 trials, 6297 patients, of whom 5456 required low or no oxygen at randomization). The ORs for 28-day mortality were 1.21 (CI, 0.93 to 1.58; I [2]&#x2009;=&#xa0;0%) for therapeutic-dose compared with intermediate-dose anticoagulation (6 trials, 1803 patients, 843 receiving noninvasive ventilation at randomization) and 0.95 (CI, 0.76 to 1.19; I [2]&#x2009;= 0%; 10 trials, 3897 patients, 2935 receiving no or low oxygen at randomization) for intermediate- versus prophylactic-dose anticoagulation. Treatment effects appeared broadly consistent across predefined patient subgroups, although some analyses were limited in power. Higher- compared with lower-dose anticoagulation was associated with fewer thromboembolic events, but a greater risk for major bleeding.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Therapeutic-dose compared with prophylactic-dose anticoagulation reduced 28-day mortality. Mortality was similar for intermediate-dose compared with prophylactic-dose anticoagulation and higher for therapeutic-dose compared with intermediate-dose anticoagulation, although this comparison was not estimated precisely.<br><br>PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: No direct funding. (PROSPERO: CRD42020213461).}, }
@article {pmid39714724, year = {2025}, author = {Wasim, R and Sumaiya,  and Ahmad, A}, title = {Across-the-board review on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant.}, journal = {Inflammopharmacology}, volume = {33}, number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, pmid = {39714724}, issn = {1568-5608}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/virology/immunology/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Mutation ; Immune Evasion ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a cataclysmic pandemic. Several SARS-CoV-2 mutations have been found and reported since the COVID-19 pandemic began. After the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants, the Omicron (B.1.1.529) is the most recently emerged variant of concern (VOC), which has evolved as a result of a high number of mutations, particularly in the spike protein, raising concerns about its ability to evade pre-existing immunity acquired through vaccination or natural infection.<br><br>METHODS: This is a review based on studies published from November 2021 to September 2024.<br><br>RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS: The current article discusses the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, its key characteristics and significant global health concerns, as well as measures for dealing with it in the context of the continuing COVID-19 pandemic. Various mutations in Omicron have been discussed that contribute to increased transmissibility and immune evasion from vaccine-induced or natural immunity acquired after infection. To understand the similarities and differences between different VOCs and Omicron, we conducted a comparative investigation.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Strengthening research, improving genomic surveillance and tracking, developing highly effective vaccines and immunotherapies, designing appropriate strategies, action plans, and future preparedness plans must all be prioritized and implemented quickly at global levels to mitigate the high global health concerns associated with the emergence of this new Omicron variant well before it causes large-scale COVID-19 outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid39714069, year = {2025}, author = {Soerianto, W and Jaspers, I}, title = {E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use Associated Lung Injury: Epidemiology, Challenges, and Implications With COVID-19.}, journal = {Pediatric pulmonology}, volume = {60}, number = {1}, pages = {e27448}, doi = {10.1002/ppul.27448}, pmid = {39714069}, issn = {1099-0496}, support = {//The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant no. R01 HL171967)./ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Vaping/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; *Lung Injury/epidemiology/etiology/diagnosis ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: E-cigarette, or vaping products produce an aerosol by heating nicotine, or cannabis including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), mixed with other chemicals that help make the aerosol. They are increasingly popular among teenagers and young adults, with a 2023 survey reporting that 2.13 million middle and high school students in the United States used e-cigarettes within the last 30 days. The use of e-cigarette, or vaping products could lead to an acute pulmonary inflammatory syndrome called e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). We review the challenges in diagnosing and treating EVALI, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a literature search on June 10, 2024 using the PubMed database. We searched for articles, case reports and CDC reports investigating the pathogenesis, treatment, and challenges of diagnosing EVALI during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>RESULTS: The exact causes of EVALI are not completely understood, although it has been linked to the use of THC and vitamin E acetate. There are no specific biomarkers to diagnose EVALI and it is typically diagnosed through a process of eliminating other possible conditions. Eight studies detailed cases where pediatric patients were initially diagnosed with COVID-19 or community-acquired pneumonia, despite multiple negative COVID-19 tests, and were later found to have EVALI.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: After alerting the public about the removal of vitamin E acetate from vape liquids in 2020, there has been a decline in cases of EVALI, although they are still detected. Therefore, it is necessary to continue looking for diagnostic markers of EVALI and further investigate the toxicity of vapes and e-cigarettes to prevent the recurrence of another EVALI epidemic, especially among teenagers and young adults.}, }
@article {pmid39712175, year = {2024}, author = {Yu, Y and Qiu, L}, title = {Nanotherapy therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a review.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1492007}, pmid = {39712175}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex and life-threatening disease characterized by severe respiratory failure. The lethality of ARDS remains alarmingly high, especially with the persistent ravages of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in recent years. ARDS is one of the major complications of neocoronavirus pneumonia and the leading cause of death in infected patients. The large-scale outbreak of COVID-19 has greatly increased the incidence and mortality of ARDS. Despite advancements in our understanding of the causes and mechanisms of ARDS, the current clinical practice is still limited to the use of supportive medications to alleviate its progression. However, there remains a pressing need for effective therapeutic drugs to combat this devastating disease. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the commonly used therapeutic drugs for ARDS, including steroids, vitamin C, targeted inhibitors, and heparin. While these medications have shown some promise in managing ARDS, there is still a significant gap in the availability of definitive treatments. Moreover, we highlight the potential of nanocarrier delivery systems, such as liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, as promising therapeutic approaches for ARDS in the future. These innovative delivery systems have demonstrated encouraging results in early clinical trials and offer the potential for more targeted and effective treatment options. Despite the promising early results, further clinical trials are necessary to fully assess the efficacy and safety of nanotherapies for ARDS. Additionally, more in-depth research should be conducted to focus on the continuous development of precision therapies targeting different stages of ARDS development or different triggers. This will provide more ideas and rationale for the treatment of ARDS and ultimately lead to better patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39711932, year = {2024}, author = {Wanees, A and Bhakar, R and Tamanna, R and Jenny, N and Abdelglil, M and Ali, MA and Pillai, GM and Amin, A and Sundarraj, JK and Abdelmasih, H and Mithany, RH}, title = {Bridging Distances and Enhancing Care: A Comprehensive Review of Telemedicine in Surgery.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {16}, number = {12}, pages = {e76099}, pmid = {39711932}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Telemedicine in surgical care has undergone rapid advancements in recent years, leveraging technologies such as telerobotics, artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostics, and wearable devices to facilitate remote evaluation and monitoring of patients. These innovations have improved access to care, reduced costs, and enhanced patient satisfaction. However, significant challenges remain, including technical barriers, limited tactile feedback in telesurgery, and inequities arising from digital literacy and infrastructure gaps. The rapid integration of telemedicine in surgical care necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its advancements, challenges, and implications. This review aims to consolidate existing knowledge, identify gaps, and highlight future research directions. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored telemedicine's potential, accelerating its adoption across healthcare systems worldwide. Despite these advancements, issues such as inconsistent reimbursement policies and challenges in integrating telemedicine into existing healthcare systems hinder its widespread adoption. Future research should prioritize the integration of AI, advancements in telepresence, and solutions to socioeconomic barriers to solidify telemedicine's role in global surgical care and enhance patient safety.}, }
@article {pmid39711875, year = {2024}, author = {Mangubhai, S and Olguín-Jacobson, C and Charles, A and Cinner, J and de Vos, A and Graham, RT and Ishimura, G and Mills, KE and Naggea, J and Okamoto, DK and O'Leary, JK and Salomon, AK and Rashid Sumaila, U and White, A and Micheli, F}, title = {COVID-19 highlights the need to improve resilience and equity in managing small-scale fisheries.}, journal = {npj ocean sustainability}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {61}, pmid = {39711875}, issn = {2731-426X}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the fragility of global and domestic seafood markets. We examined the main impacts and responses of the small-scale fisheries (SSF) sector, and found that mitigation and preparedness strategies should be prioritised to boost resilience in SSF. We provide five policy options and considerations: (1) improving access to insurance and financial services; (2) strengthening local and regional markets and supporting infrastructure; (3) recognising fisheries as an essential service; (4) integrating disaster risk management into fisheries management systems; and (5) investing in Indigenous and locally-led fisheries management. Response and recovery measures need to explicitly build strategies to maintain or boost inclusion and equity in SSF.}, }
@article {pmid39711780, year = {2024}, author = {Minigulov, N and Boranbayev, K and Bekbossynova, A and Gadilgereyeva, B and Filchakova, O}, title = {Structural proteins of human coronaviruses: what makes them different?.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {1458383}, pmid = {39711780}, issn = {2235-2988}, mesh = {Humans ; *Coronavirus/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; COVID-19/virology ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology/pathogenicity/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism/chemistry/genetics ; *Viral Structural Proteins/metabolism/chemistry ; Virus Internalization ; }, abstract = {Following COVID-19 outbreak with its unprecedented effect on the entire world, the interest to the coronaviruses increased. The causative agent of the COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of seven coronaviruses that is pathogenic to humans. Others include SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E. The viruses differ in their pathogenicity. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are capable to spread rapidly and cause epidemic, while HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E cause mild respiratory disease. The difference in the viral behavior is due to structural and functional differences. All seven human coronaviruses possess four structural proteins: spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid. Spike protein with its receptor binding domain is crucial for the entry to the host cell, where different receptors on the host cell are recruited by different viruses. Envelope protein plays important role in viral assembly, and following cellular entry, contributes to immune response. Membrane protein is an abundant viral protein, contributing to the assembly and pathogenicity of the virus. Nucleocapsid protein encompasses the viral RNA into ribonucleocapsid, playing important role in viral replication. The present review provides detailed summary of structural and functional characteristics of structural proteins from seven human coronaviruses, and could serve as a practical reference when pathogenic human coronaviruses are compared, and novel treatments are proposed.}, }
@article {pmid39711323, year = {2025}, author = {Alphonse, N and Sécher, T and Heuzé-Vourc'h, N}, title = {A breath of fresh air: inhaled antibodies to combat respiratory infectious diseases - a clinical trial overview.}, journal = {Expert opinion on drug delivery}, volume = {22}, number = {2}, pages = {197-218}, doi = {10.1080/17425247.2024.2446608}, pmid = {39711323}, issn = {1744-7593}, mesh = {Humans ; Administration, Inhalation ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/virology ; Drug Delivery Systems ; *Antibodies/administration &amp; dosage ; Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; COVID-19 ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: With the worldwide growing burden of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), innovative therapeutic approaches are in high demand. Inhaled antibodies (Abs) represent a promising avenue, offering targeted treatment options with potentially better therapeutic index compared to traditional delivery methods.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: This comprehensive review summarizes the challenges faced in delivering Abs by (intranasal and pulmonary) inhalation. It outlines the physiological and biological barriers encountered by inhaled drugs, as well as the influence of delivery devices and formulation on the deposition and efficacy of inhaled molecules. Moreover, it provides a detailed overview of the current clinical trial landscape of inhaled anti-RTI Abs, highlighting the progress in the development of inhaled Abs targeting a range of pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and respiratory syncytial virus. The mechanism of action, therapeutic targets, and clinical outcomes of these novel therapies are detailed.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: Delivery of Abs by inhalation faces several challenges. Addressing these challenges and developing specific approaches to deliver inhaled Abs represent a promising avenue for the development of the next generation of inhaled Abs. By offering targeted, localized therapy with the potential for a better therapeutic index, inhaled Abs could significantly improve outcomes for patients with RTIs.}, }
@article {pmid39710596, year = {2024}, author = {Itambo, J and Owusu, B and McCamey, D and Baptiste, DL}, title = {A Critical Need for Advanced Practice Nurse Education in Sub-Saharan Africa and Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Discursive Review.}, journal = {Nursing open}, volume = {11}, number = {12}, pages = {e70079}, pmid = {39710596}, issn = {2054-1058}, mesh = {Humans ; *Advanced Practice Nursing/education ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/nursing ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {AIM: To discuss the need to expand advanced practice nurse education in Sub-Saharan Africa as a strategic response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>DESIGN: Discursive paper.<br><br>METHOD: Searching international literature in PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar databases, we explored the impact of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa and the advanced practice nurse role and education in the pandemic response.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The COVID-19 pandemic served as a barrier to healthcare access and disrupted routine immunizations and care, reduced facility-based healthcare services, increased disease burden and mortality, strain and is expected to worsen the healthcare workforce shortage in Sub-Saharan Africa. The COVID-19 pandemic has further emphasised the necessity to strengthen advanced practice nurse education in Sub-Saharan Africa.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This discursive paper underscores the critical role of advanced practice nurse education in Sub-Saharan Africa as a proactive strategy to strengthen the healthcare workforce and systems. The lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the urgency to invest in advanced practice nurse education and training programmes in the region.<br><br>There was no patient or public involvement in the design or drafting of this discursive paper. The authors reviewed the literature to develop a discussion about advanced nursing practice.}, }
@article {pmid39710315, year = {2025}, author = {Abdul Jabbar, AB and May, MT and Deisz, M and Tauseef, A}, title = {Trends in heart failure-related mortality among middle-aged adults in the United States from 1999-2022.}, journal = {Current problems in cardiology}, volume = {50}, number = {3}, pages = {102973}, doi = {10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102973}, pmid = {39710315}, issn = {1535-6280}, mesh = {Humans ; *Heart Failure/mortality/ethnology ; United States/epidemiology ; Male ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Female ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mortality/trends ; Adult ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Heart failure (HF) represents a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. Heart failure mortality trends among the middle aged have not been fully characterized into the years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our objective was to analyze the trends in mortality related to heart failure across various demographic and geographic categories-including gender, race, and census region-spanning from 1999 to 2022, with particular attention paid to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on HF mortality.<br><br>METHODS: Heart failure-related mortality data were extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database and stratified into different demographic and geographic groups. Statistically significant trends in mortality over time were identified using Joinpoint regression.<br><br>RESULTS: Heart failure mortality decreased among most studied demographic groups from 1999 to 2011-2013, then increased through 2022, often with a marked increase in mortality in the pandemic years of 2020-2022. Males, Black or African Americans, and the South generally had higher mortality rates than their demographic or geographic counterparts. Existing disparities between high-risk groups and others generally worsened during the pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated a decade of heart failure mortality increases, and in some categories worsened existing disparities. This is likely due to reduced access to healthcare during the pandemic, along with a direct increase in mortality from heart failure caused by COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39710095, year = {2025}, author = {Crespo-Bellido, M and Headrick, G and López, M&#xc1; and Holcomb, J and Khan, A and Sapkota, S and Hollis-Hansen, K}, title = {A Systematic Review: The Impact of COVID-19 Policy Flexibilities on SNAP and WIC Programmatic Outcomes.}, journal = {Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)}, volume = {16}, number = {2}, pages = {100361}, pmid = {39710095}, issn = {2156-5376}, mesh = {Humans ; *Food Assistance ; *COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Nutrition Policy ; Female ; Poverty ; United States ; Program Evaluation ; Infant ; Child ; }, abstract = {In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency (PHE), the federal government deployed policy flexibilities in food and nutrition assistance programs including the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) to meet the needs those experiencing economic hardship. Emergent literature evaluates the impact of these flexibilities on program outcomes. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of policy flexibilities deployed during the COVID-19 PHE on access, enrollment/retention, benefit utilization, and perceptions of SNAP and WIC. Keyword searches were performed in November 2023, February 2024, and August 2024. The search included peer-reviewed literature from 2020 to 2024, following Johanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, resulting in 37 eligible articles. Twelve studies evaluated policy flexibilities in SNAP only, 21 in WIC only, and 4 in both programs. Across these, 12 studies explored program access, 7 enrollment/retention, 13 benefit utilization, and 15 program perceptions. JBI critical appraisal tools were used to assess risk of bias. The reviewed articles show that although SNAP and WIC participants identified challenges to access, there were increases in enrollment/retention due to policy flexibilities enabling remote services and reducing administrative burden in both programs. Benefit increases led to greater purchase of preferred foods in SNAP and greater access to fruit and vegetables in WIC. Overall, participants were satisfied with the flexibilities and reported most were beneficial for their households. Some implementation challenges were identified by participants and staff. A few studies showed potential risks of bias, including selection bias and confounding bias. COVID-19-related policy flexibilities in SNAP and WIC demonstrated significant improvements in selected program outcomes; however, challenges communicating policy flexibilities to authorized vendors and participants created difficulties to benefiting from the flexibilities. Findings from the evaluations of these flexibilities can inform future program enhancements and long-term regulatory changes. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023493302).}, }
@article {pmid39709573, year = {2024}, author = {Mészner, Z and Lakatos, B and Ludwig, E}, title = {[Prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in adults].}, journal = {Orvosi hetilap}, volume = {165}, number = {51}, pages = {2008-2014}, doi = {10.1556/650.2024.33200}, pmid = {39709573}, issn = {1788-6120}, mesh = {Humans ; *Pneumococcal Infections/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Adult ; Hungary/epidemiology ; *Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccines, Conjugate/administration &amp; dosage ; Vaccination ; }, }
@article {pmid39709377, year = {2024}, author = {Kangbai, JB and Sesay, U and Kangbai, DM and Kagbanda, FK}, title = {Public health system in post-pandemic Sierra Leone: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {1453}, pmid = {39709377}, issn = {1471-2334}, mesh = {Sierra Leone/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; *Public Health ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Delivery of Health Care ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of the novel SARS-CoV-2 that caused COVID-19 in 2019, the government of Sierra Leone implemented immediate preventive measures to stop the disease from entering the country. On March 24, 2020, the country declared a state of emergency in response to the emerging global COVID-19 pandemic, even though no confirmed cases had been reported at that time. However, Sierra Leone recorded its first COVID-19 case later in March 2020. While there have been few scoping reviews to date, these primarily focuses on experiences from Western countries or expatriates. The main purpose of this scoping review is to document the various COVID-19 pandemic preparedness measures undertaken by the Sierra Leone health system, assess the impacts of the pandemic on health systems, and document the various responses of health systems implemented across different settings from a home-based perspective.<br><br>METHODS: We searched peer-reviewed papers and articles under review or submitted for publication in Sierra Leone and the COVID-19 pandemic found in the Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar, MedRxiv, and Research Square databases. In addition,&#xa0;we examined gray literature, including Sierra Leone government reports and academic unpublished works on Sierra Leone's COVID-19 situation. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were analyzed, focusing on the Sierra Leone health system or on the essential health services provided by the Sierra Leone health system during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>RESULTS: Few (48.7%) studies were multi-country studies (i.e., involving different countries and Sierra Leone). The majority (83.7%) were original articles published either in peer-reviewed journals or were deposited in preprint repositories; 10.9% were editorials, commentaries, or news reports; 1 (2.7%) was a working paper; and 1 (2.7%) was personal correspondence.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Sierra Leone's health system was partially prepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, largely due to its previous experience in managing the Ebola virus disease outbreaks from 2013 to 2016. However,&#xa0;the pandemic had significant impact on other health services. Although the country's response to the pandemic was swift, it fell below average in addressing the scale of the challenges posed by the crisis.}, }
@article {pmid39709282, year = {2025}, author = {Shaw, D and Torreblanca, RA and Amin-Chowdhury, Z and Bautista, A and Bennett, D and Broughton, K and Casanova, C and Choi, EH and Claus, H and Corcoran, M and Cottrell, S and Cunney, R and Cuypers, L and Dalby, T and Davies, H and de Gouveia, L and Deghmane, AE and Desmet, S and Domenech, M and Drew, R and Plessis, MD and Duarte, C and Fuursted, K and Golden, A and Almeida, SCG and Henares, D and Henriques-Normark, B and Hilty, M and Hoffmann, S and Humphreys, H and Jacobsson, S and Johnson, C and Jolley, KA and Kawabata, A and Kozakova, J and Kristinsson, KG and Krizova, P and Kuch, A and Ladhani, S and Lâm, TT and Ayala, MEL and Lindholm, L and Litt, D and Maiden, MCJ and Martin, I and Martiny, D and Mattheus, W and McCarthy, ND and Meehan, M and Meiring, S and Mölling, P and Morfeldt, E and Morgan, J and Mulhall, R and Muñoz-Almagro, C and Murdoch, D and Musilek, M and Novakova, L and Oftadeh, S and Perez-Arguello, A and Pérez-Vázquez, MD and Perrin, M and Prevost, B and Roberts, M and Rokney, A and Ron, M and Sanabria, OM and Scott, KJ and Sempere, J and Siira, L and de Lemos, APS and Sintchenko, V and Skoczyńska, A and Slotved, HC and Smith, AJ and Taha, MK and Toropainen, M and Tzanakaki, G and Vainio, A and van der Linden, MPG and van Sorge, NM and Varon, E and Moreno, JV and Vohrnova, S and von Gottberg, A and Yuste, J and Brueggemann, AB}, title = {The importance of microbiology reference laboratories and adequate funding for infectious disease surveillance.}, journal = {The Lancet. Digital health}, volume = {7}, number = {4}, pages = {e275-e281}, doi = {10.1016/S2589-7500(24)00241-3}, pmid = {39709282}, issn = {2589-7500}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Laboratories ; Public Health ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; *Microbiology ; }, abstract = {Microbiology reference laboratories perform a crucial role within public health systems. This role was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we emphasise the importance of microbiology reference laboratories and highlight the types of digital data and expertise they provide, which benefit national and international public health. We also highlight the value of surveillance initiatives among collaborative international partners, who work together to share, analyse, and interpret data, and then disseminate their findings in a timely manner. Microbiology reference laboratories have substantial impact at regional, national, and international levels, and sustained support for these laboratories is essential for public health in both pandemic and non-pandemic times.}, }
@article {pmid39709281, year = {2025}, author = {Tamayo Cuartero, C and Carnegie, AC and Cucunuba, ZM and Cori, A and Hollis, SM and Van Gaalen, RD and Baidjoe, AY and Spina, AF and Lees, JA and Cauchemez, S and Santos, M and Umaña, JD and Chen, C and Gruson, H and Gupte, P and Tsui, J and Shah, AA and Millan, GG and Quevedo, DS and Batra, N and Torneri, A and Kucharski, AJ}, title = {From the 100 Day Mission to 100 lines of software development: how to improve early outbreak analytics.}, journal = {The Lancet. Digital health}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, pages = {e161-e166}, doi = {10.1016/S2589-7500(24)00218-8}, pmid = {39709281}, issn = {2589-7500}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Disease Outbreaks ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Software ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Public Health ; }, abstract = {Since the COVID-19 pandemic, considerable advances have been made to improve epidemic preparedness by accelerating diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine development. However, we argue that it is crucial to make equivalent efforts in the field of outbreak analytics to help ensure reliable, evidence-based decision making. To explore the challenges and key priorities in the field of outbreak analytics, the Epiverse-TRACE initiative brought together a multidisciplinary group of experts, including field epidemiologists, data scientists, academics, and software engineers from public health institutions across multiple countries. During a 3-day workshop, 40 participants discussed what the first 100 lines of code written during an outbreak should look like. The main findings from this workshop are summarised in this Viewpoint. We provide an overview of the current outbreak analytic landscape by highlighting current key challenges that should be addressed to improve the response to future public health crises. Furthermore, we propose actionable solutions to these challenges that are achievable in the short term, and longer-term strategic recommendations. This Viewpoint constitutes a call to action for experts involved in epidemic response to develop modern and robust data analytic approaches at the heart of epidemic preparedness and response.}, }
@article {pmid39709116, year = {2025}, author = {Sibomana, O and Hakayuwa, CM and Munyantore, J}, title = {Marburg virus reaches Rwanda: how close are we to a vaccine solution?.}, journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases}, volume = {153}, number = {}, pages = {107371}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107371}, pmid = {39709116}, issn = {1878-3511}, mesh = {Rwanda/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Marburgvirus/immunology ; *Marburg Virus Disease/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention &amp; control ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccine Development ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a highly virulent and often fatal disease caused by the Marburg virus, a member of the Filoviridae family, closely related to the Ebola virus. Historically, outbreaks have been sporadic but lethal across various African countries, with high case fatality rates (CFRs). In 2023, significant outbreaks occurred in Tanzania and Equatorial Guinea, with CFRs of 62.5% and 75%, respectively. In 2024, Rwanda faced its first outbreak, starting on September 27, 2024. By November 8, 2024, Rwanda had conducted 7,408 tests, confirming 66 cases, 15 of which were fatal, and 51 recoveries. Although no approved vaccine currently exists for MVD, global health authorities are prioritizing the development of effective vaccines. Drawing on insights from the rapid COVID-19 vaccine development, several promising candidates are under exploration, with the cAd3-MARV showing notable potential. This paper examines the current MVD outbreak in Rwanda and the progress toward developing a long-term vaccine solution.}, }
@article {pmid39708404, year = {2025}, author = {Martín-Fernández, M and González-Luis, H and Hernández-Leal, MJ and Arias-Colinas, M}, title = {Nurses communication competencies in social media: A bibliometric review.}, journal = {Nurse education today}, volume = {146}, number = {}, pages = {106542}, doi = {10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106542}, pmid = {39708404}, issn = {1532-2793}, mesh = {*Bibliometrics ; Humans ; *Social Media ; *Communication ; *Nurses ; COVID-19 ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To analyse the characteristics of articles published on the competencies, abilities, knowledge and education that nurses should have to be able to communicate, inform, disseminate and/or be an informative source in mass media and social media.<br><br>DESIGN: This bibliometric study involved a comprehensive search of two databases, PubMed and Scopus. The search terms included 'nursing', 'communication', and 'mass media', along with their synonyms. Article selection was performed through screening titles and abstracts, with any uncertainties resolved through discussions among the researchers.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: The data were sourced from PubMed and Scopus, selected for their extensive coverage of academic literature related to nursing and communication.<br><br>METHODS: A total of 1,290 articles were initially identified. After screening, 463 articles were analysed. The study employed bibliometric analysis to evaluate publication trends, authorship patterns, and thematic focus. Key metrics such as annual publication growth rate, co-authorship, and thematic prevalence were assessed.<br><br>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The analysis revealed that the articles were published from 1,971 onwards, with an annual production growth rate of 6.83%. The total number of authors was 1,645, with an average co-authorship of 3 to 4 researchers per article. The most frequently discussed themes included Social Media, COVID-19, and Nurses. Notable authors included Booth R. (5 articles), Borycki E. (4 articles), and Jackson D. (4 articles). The most prominent journal was Nurse Education Today (20 articles), with the highest publication output from the United States (695 articles), followed by Australia (436 articles). Leading institutions included King Saud University (47 articles) and the University of Tripoli (37 articles).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This bibliometric review provides valuable insights for researchers, educators, and managers interested in the evolving role of nursing in traditional and social media. It highlights key researchers, influential journals, significant authors, and prominent countries in this field, offering a foundational understanding for further research and development in nursing communication competencies.}, }
@article {pmid39707914, year = {2024}, author = {Ghosh, S and Chatterjee, A and Maitra, A}, title = {An insight into COVID-19 host immunity at single-cell resolution.}, journal = {International reviews of immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-16}, doi = {10.1080/08830185.2024.2443420}, pmid = {39707914}, issn = {1563-5244}, abstract = {Host immunity helps the body to fight against COVID-19. Single-cell transcriptomics has provided the scope of investigating cellular and molecular underpinnings of host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection at high resolution. In this review, we have systematically described the virus-induced dysregulation of relative abundance as well as molecular behavior of each innate and adaptive immune cell type and cell state during COVID-19 infection and for different vaccinations, based on single-cell studies published in last three-four years. Identification and characterization of these disease-associated specific cell populations might help to design better, efficient, and targeted therapeutic avenues.}, }
@article {pmid39707894, year = {2024}, author = {Nowakowski, A and Prusaczyk, A and Szenborn, L and Ludwikowska, K and Paradowska-Stankiewicz, I and Machalek, DA and Baay, M and Burdier, FR and Waheed, DE and Vorsters, A}, title = {The HPV prevention and control program in Poland: progress and the way forward.}, journal = {Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, et Adriatica}, volume = {33}, number = {4}, pages = {189-197}, pmid = {39707894}, issn = {1581-2979}, mesh = {Humans ; Poland ; *Papillomavirus Infections/prevention &amp; control ; Female ; *Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention &amp; control/virology ; Adult ; Immunization Programs/organization &amp; administration ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; }, abstract = {This review assesses Poland's activities in preventing and managing human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases, summarizing information from the 2023 HPV Prevention and Control Board meeting. Progress in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention identifies opportunities to strengthen control of cervical cancer. Poland's national HPV vaccination program, launched in June 2023, initially achieved suboptimal coverage. In contrast, regional initiatives such as the Wrocław immunization program, which has operated for over a decade, demonstrate highly relevant context-specific best practices, including the use of a "train the trainers" model to effectively share information among stakeholders and mitigate crisis. Improved vaccination rates require not only ease of access to vaccines, as the COVID-19 vaccination program has demonstrated, but also addressing parental concerns about vaccine safety and effectiveness. Moreover, innovative strategies-such as integration of adolescent vaccination with cervical screening among women 30 to 45 years old-may have the potential to increase uptake and accelerate elimination in the country. For secondary prevention, Poland is well placed to switch to HPV-based screening, having a centralized registry, validated tests, and standardized colposcopy. The results of a study of the "HPV testing In Polish POpulation" (HIPPO) cervical cancer screening program confirm the superiority of HPV testing over cytology; however, current opportunistic screening poses challenges concerning completeness and equity in data. Expanding organized screening programs and midwife-led services will increase access and help build confidence in public-sector health systems. Tertiary prevention is in line with updated European guidelines. In early-stage cervical cancer, there has been an increase in the use of less invasive surgical approaches, and immunotherapies, such as pembrolizumab, hold promise in locally advanced disease. Initial data suggest that HPV vaccination may help reduce the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) after excisional treatments, but more data are needed. Poland's coordinated approach shows significant improvements while also highlighting the need for continued innovation, quality control, and public engagement to improve the prevention and treatment of HPV-related conditions.}, }
@article {pmid39707400, year = {2024}, author = {Yip, JQ and Oo, A and Ng, YL and Chin, KL and Tan, KK and Chu, JJH and AbuBakar, S and Zainal, N}, title = {The role of inflammatory gene polymorphisms in severe COVID-19: a review.}, journal = {Virology journal}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {327}, pmid = {39707400}, issn = {1743-422X}, support = {MOSTI004-2021SRF//Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi/ ; MOSTI004-2021SRF//Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi/ ; MOSTI004-2021SRF//Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi/ ; MOSTI004-2021SRF//Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/genetics/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/immunology ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Inflammation/genetics ; *Cytokines/genetics ; Severity of Illness Index ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Signal Transduction ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has profoundly impacted global healthcare systems and spurred extensive research efforts over the past three years. One critical aspect of the disease is the intricate interplay between the virus and the host immune response, particularly the role of inflammatory gene expression in severe COVID-19. While numerous previous studies have explored the role of genetic polymorphisms in COVID-19, research specifically focusing on inflammatory genes and their associations with disease severity remains limited. This review explores the relationship between severe COVID-19 outcomes and genetic polymorphisms within key inflammatory genes. By investigating the impact of genetic variations on immune responses, which include cytokine production and downstream signalling pathways, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of how genetic polymorphisms contribute to the variability in disease presentation. Through an in-depth analysis of existing literature, we shed light on potential therapeutic targets and personalized approaches that may enhance our understanding of disease pathogenesis and treatment strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39706725, year = {2025}, author = {Roussel, A and Léglise, C and Rialland, F and Duplan, M and Falaque, F and Boulanger, C and Cardine, AM and Alimi, A and Pochon, C and Rabian, F and Hautefeuille, C and Corbel, A and Dupraz, C and Lervat, C and Alby-Laurent, F}, title = {[Vaccination of children and adolescents treated for acute leukemia, excluding HSCT recipients: Recommendations of the French Society for Childhood and Adolescent Cancer and Leukemia (SFCE)].}, journal = {Bulletin du cancer}, volume = {112}, number = {2}, pages = {208-224}, doi = {10.1016/j.bulcan.2024.10.013}, pmid = {39706725}, issn = {1769-6917}, mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; France ; *Vaccination/standards/methods ; Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Leukemia/drug therapy/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Meningococcal Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention &amp; control ; Societies, Medical ; Immunocompromised Host ; Acute Disease ; Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Immunization, Secondary ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Immunization Schedule ; }, abstract = {Children and adolescents who are being treated or have been treated for acute leukemia have a secondary immunodeficiency linked to chemotherapy, resulting in an increased risk of infections. Some of which can be prevented by vaccination but its effectiveness is not optimal during chemotherapy. Upon cessation of chemotherapy, the time required for immune reconstitution varies from three months to more than a year, depending on lymphocyte subpopulations, the patient's age, and the intensity of the treatment received. Although they may have regained their immune functions, studies show that most patients have lost part of their vaccine-induced protection post-chemotherapy and require booster doses of vaccines. Most practitioners agree on the importance of vaccinating or revaccinating these children, but practices are heterogeneous among pediatric hematologist-oncologists in France. Based on a practice study and a recent review of the literature, this work aims to propose new French recommendations for the vaccination strategy to be adopted for children and adolescents treated or recently treated for acute leukemia, excluding allogeneic transplant recipients, in 2024. These recommendations specifically include the vaccination protocols for human papillomavirus and meningococcal infections but do not address the COVID-19 vaccination, as its guidelines are subject to rapid changes.}, }
@article {pmid39705867, year = {2025}, author = {Levintow, SN and Remch, M and Jones, EP and Lessler, J and Edwards, JK and Brinkley-Rubinstein, L and Rice, DK and Rosen, DL and Powers, KA}, title = {Transmission models of respiratory infections in carceral settings: A systematic review.}, journal = {Epidemics}, volume = {50}, number = {}, pages = {100809}, pmid = {39705867}, issn = {1878-0067}, support = {K01 AI171088/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R25 DA037190/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/transmission/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Prisons ; Tuberculosis/transmission/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks in carceral settings face unique challenges. Transmission modeling is a powerful tool for understanding and addressing these challenges, but reviews of modeling work in this context pre-date the proliferation of outbreaks in jails and prisons during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We conducted a systematic review of studies using transmission models of respiratory infections in carceral settings before and during the pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycInfo to identify studies published between 1970 and 2024 that modeled transmission of respiratory infectious diseases in carceral settings. We extracted information on the diseases, populations, and settings modeled; approaches used for parameterizing models and simulating transmission; outcomes of interest and techniques for model calibration, validation, and sensitivity analyses; and types, impacts, and ethical aspects of modeled interventions.<br><br>RESULTS: Forty-six studies met eligibility criteria, with transmission dynamics of tuberculosis modeled in 24 (52&#x202f;%), SARS-CoV-2 in 20 (43&#x202f;%), influenza in one (2&#x202f;%), and varicella-zoster virus in one (2&#x202f;%). Carceral facilities in the United States were the most common focus (15, 33&#x202f;%), followed by Brazil (8, 17&#x202f;%). Most studies (36, 80&#x202f;%) used compartmental models (vs. individual- or agent-based). Tuberculosis studies typically modeled transmission within a single facility, while most SARS-CoV-2 studies simulated transmission in multiple places, including between carceral and community settings. Half of studies fit models to epidemiological data; three validated model predictions. Models were used to estimate past or potential future intervention impacts in 32 (70&#x202f;%) studies, forecast the status quo (without changing conditions) in six (13&#x202f;%), and examine only theoretical aspects of transmission in eight (17&#x202f;%). Interventions commonly involved testing and treatment, quarantine and isolation, and/or facility ventilation. Modeled interventions substantially reduced transmission, but some were not well-defined or did not consider ethical issues.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The pandemic prompted urgent attention to transmission dynamics in jails and prisons, but there has been little modeling of respiratory infections other than SARS-CoV-2 and tuberculosis. Increased attention to calibration, validation, and the practical and ethical aspects of intervention implementation could improve translation of model estimates into tangible benefits for the highly vulnerable populations in carceral settings.}, }
@article {pmid39705164, year = {2025}, author = {Case, JB and Jain, S and Suthar, MS and Diamond, MS}, title = {SARS-CoV-2: The Interplay Between Evolution and Host Immunity.}, journal = {Annual review of immunology}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {29-55}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-immunol-083122-043054}, pmid = {39705164}, issn = {1545-3278}, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics/physiology ; *COVID-19/immunology/transmission/virology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Adaptive Immunity ; Immune Evasion ; Animals ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Mutation ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infections at a global level reflects the repeated emergence of variant strains encoding unique constellations of mutations. These variants have been generated principally because of a dynamic host immune landscape, the countermeasures deployed to combat disease, and selection for enhanced infection of the upper airway and respiratory transmission. The resulting viral diversity creates a challenge for vaccination efforts to maintain efficacy, especially regarding humoral aspects of protection. Here, we review our understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 has evolved during the pandemic, the immune mechanisms that confer protection, and the impact viral evolution has had on transmissibility and adaptive immunity elicited by natural infection and/or vaccination. Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 evolution initially selected variants with increased transmissibility but currently is driven by immune escape. The virus likely will continue to drift to maintain fitness until countermeasures capable of disrupting transmission cycles become widely available.}, }
@article {pmid39705147, year = {2025}, author = {Ulanova, M}, title = {Health inequalities in respiratory tract infections - beyond COVID-19.}, journal = {Current opinion in infectious diseases}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {161-168}, pmid = {39705147}, issn = {1473-6527}, mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Socioeconomic Factors ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Status Disparities ; Incidence ; Global Health ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Child, Preschool ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss recent findings on the global burden of respiratory tract infections in underprivileged populations, highlighting the critical role of socioeconomic factors in the incidence and severity of these diseases, with a particular focus on health disparities affecting Indigenous communities.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Pulmonary tuberculosis and lower respiratory tract infections, particularly those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), continue to disproportionally impact populations in low-income countries and Indigenous communities worldwide. Indigenous children <5&#x200a;years old bear the highest global burden of RSV infection, reflecting persistent social inequalities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Repeated episodes of acute pneumonia during childhood significantly contribute to the high prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases among Indigenous populations. The widespread occurrence of bronchiectasis in these communities is closely linked to adverse socioeconomic conditions.<br><br>SUMMARY: Significant disparities in the incidence and severity of lower respiratory tract infections between affluent and impoverished populations are driven by socioeconomic inequalities. Vaccinating vulnerable population groups with newly developed vaccines has the potential to prevent infections caused by pathogens such as S. pneumoniae and RSV. However, global access to these vaccines and monoclonal antibodies remains limited due to their high costs.}, }
@article {pmid39705075, year = {2024}, author = {Wallraf, S and Dierks, ML and John, C and Lander, J}, title = {Patient Organizations' Digital Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {e58566}, pmid = {39705075}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Pandemics ; Telemedicine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patient organizations (POs) play a crucial role in supporting individuals with health conditions. Their activities range from counseling to support groups to advocacy. The COVID-19 pandemic and its related public health measures prompted rapid digital transformation efforts across multiple sectors, including health care.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore how POs digitally responded to pandemic-related circumstances, focusing on aspects such as the technologies used, positive outcomes, and challenges encountered.<br><br>METHODS: This scoping review followed the methodological guidance of the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) Scoping Review Methodology Group and adhered to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) reporting guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed, the Web of Science Core Collection, and the WHO (World Health Organization) COVID-19 database, supplemented by a citation search approach, was conducted. The initial search was performed on November 10, 2022, and updated on November 8, 2023. Publications were eligible if they were published after November 30, 2019, and addressed pandemic-related digitalization efforts of POs, defined as nonprofit organizations with a focus on health-related support. A 2-step screening process was used to identify relevant literature. Data were extracted using a standardized table to capture aspects such as digital adaptation activities (eg, types of technologies implemented, positive outcomes, challenges, and facilitating factors) and coded inductively to identify similarities across included publications, and the findings were synthesized narratively.<br><br>RESULTS: The search and its subsequent update yielded 2212 records, with 13 articles included in this review. These articles revealed a range of PO services that were digitally adapted during the pandemic, with videoconferencing software emerging as the most commonly used tool (n=9 articles). The digital adaptation of group-based support activities was the most frequently reported transformation (n=9). Other adaptations included the digitalization of counseling services (n=3) and the delivery of information and education (n=3), including educational workshops, weekly webinars, and the dissemination of information through digital newsletters. While the use of digital formats, particularly for POs' group activities, often increased accessibility by breaking down preexisting barriers (n=5), they also created new barriers for certain groups, such as those lacking digital skills or resources (n=4). Some participants experienced a loss of interpersonal aspects, like a sense of community (n=3). However, further findings suggest that the digital delivery of such group activities preserved essential interpersonal aspects (n=7) and a preference among some participants to continue digital group activities (n=4), suggesting the potential for sustainability of such options post the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The rapid digitalization efforts of POs demonstrate their adaptability and the potential of digital technologies to improve support services, despite some challenges. Future digitalization strategies should focus, among other things, on promoting digital literacy to ensure the accessibility and inclusiveness of digital services.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: OSF Registries, https://osf.io/anvf4.}, }
@article {pmid39704836, year = {2024}, author = {Oliveira, MC and Silva, DFB and de Oliveira Andrade, A and Pita de Melo, D and de Sousa, YAB and da Silva, LOP and de Castro Gomes, DQ}, title = {Effect of modified intravascular laser irradiation of blood in the oral and systemic conditions during dental treatment-A systematic review.}, journal = {Lasers in medical science}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {300}, pmid = {39704836}, issn = {1435-604X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Dental Care/methods ; Adult ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/radiotherapy/blood ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Periodontitis/radiotherapy/therapy ; Low-Level Light Therapy/methods ; }, abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of modified-ILIB (intravascular laser irradiation of blood) in the control of systemic conditions and/or oral changes during dental care. This systematic literature review study aimed to answer the question, "Is modified-ILIB an effective adjuvant therapy in the control of systemic conditions and/or oral changes in children and adults during dental treatment?". The protocol for this systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database under number CRD42023493800. The search was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases on June 10, 2024. Google Scholar was used as a search source for gray literature. Randomized clinical trials were included, without restrictions on language or year of publication. The RoB 2.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias and GRADE was used to check the quality of the evidence. A total of 750 articles were retrieved and five studies were selected for this review. All studies were in English and were carried out in Brazil. The outcomes were periodontal parameters and glycemic control in patients with periodontitis and type II diabetes, anxiety control in pediatric dentistry, postoperative pain after third molar extraction and improving taste in post-COVID-19 patients. The majority of studies had a low risk of bias, while only one study was considered to have some concerns. The quality of evidence from the studies was considered very low. The current evidence does not overwhelmingly support the effectiveness of modified-ILIB in controlling oral and/or systemic conditions in dentistry.}, }
@article {pmid39703643, year = {2024}, author = {Ahmadabad, AD and Hosseini Shokouh, SM and Mehdizadeh, P and Meskarpour Amiri, M}, title = {Out-of-pocket expenditures in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of education and health promotion}, volume = {13}, number = {}, pages = {404}, pmid = {39703643}, issn = {2277-9531}, abstract = {The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to substantial out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures for households during treatment. This study aimed to investigate the OOP expenditures among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were retrieved from the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar in the period of 2019-2022 and evaluated for quality using the STROBE guidelines. Homogeneity was assessed using the I2 index, and publication bias was examined using a funnel plot. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16. Results of the study have shown that a total of nine articles were included in the meta-analysis. The average OOP expenditure for hospitalized COVID-19 patients was found to be US $308.25 (95% CI: 4.17-620.67). The highest OOP expenditure was reported by CHAU (2021) (US $3171.28), followed by GRAG (2022) (US $1582.38), and the lowest by KOTWANI (2021) (US $56.35). According to the results obtained Significant inequality was observed in the OOP expenditures across different countries. Consistent policy recommendations should be made in international forums to reduce these costs in future pandemics for patients in both developed and developing nations.}, }
@article {pmid39703612, year = {2024}, author = {Mathew, J and Nugent, K}, title = {Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Exercise Limitation and Rehabilitation.}, journal = {The Yale journal of biology and medicine}, volume = {97}, number = {4}, pages = {463-472}, pmid = {39703612}, issn = {1551-4056}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/physiopathology ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Exercise/physiology ; Exercise Tolerance/physiology ; Exercise Therapy/methods ; }, abstract = {Patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infections can develop chronic symptoms; this clinical presentation has been called post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, post-COVID condition, and long COVID. It can develop in both outpatient cases and in hospital cases; the frequency depends on the severity of infection and comorbidity. Many of these patients have exercise limitation when tested using cardiopulmonary exercise tests. The potential explanations for reduced exercise capacity include cardiac limitations, respiratory limitations, skeletal muscle weakness, deconditioning, and limiting symptoms out of proportion to any measured physiological limitation, and many patients have more than one explanation for the exercise limitation. Since these patients may have required prolonged hospitalization, deconditioning has been considered a potential explanation for their post-hospitalization limitations. Patients with deconditioning have a low oxygen uptake per minute (VO2) maximum with no obvious cardiac or respiratory limitation, but some do have measurable muscle weakness. One complex study reported that these patients had a high proportion of high-fatigable glycolytic fibers, reduced mitochondrial function, atrophic fibers, and focal necrosis in skeletal muscle. Some post-COVID patients have chronic fatigue and post-exertional malaise and meet the clinical criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Most patients with post-COVID syndrome do improve with conventional cardiopulmonary rehabilitation. However, patients with post-exertional malaise need special attention to their exercise programs and careful monitoring for adverse effects. In summary, patients with long COVID can have complex presentations with a broad range of symptoms and several possible exercise limitations. Their rehabilitation program should be based on their physical capacity and their symptom profile.}, }
@article {pmid39703609, year = {2024}, author = {Nyarko, JA and Dogbe, PM and Ativi, LAE and Wutsika, J and Agyenim, EB and Awere-Duodu, A and Botaeng, AT and Ntim, NAA}, title = {Pathological Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: A Review for Clinicians.}, journal = {The Yale journal of biology and medicine}, volume = {97}, number = {4}, pages = {431-445}, pmid = {39703609}, issn = {1551-4056}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/virology/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Acute Kidney Injury/virology/metabolism/etiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/virology/complications/pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/virology/pathology/complications/metabolism ; }, abstract = {The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, driven by the novel coronavirus and its variants, has caused over 518 million infections and 6.25 million deaths globally, leading to a significant health crisis. Beyond its primary respiratory impact, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been implicated in various extra-pulmonary complications. Research studies reveal that the virus affects multiple organs, including the kidneys, liver, pancreas, and central nervous system (CNS), largely due to the widespread expression of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors. Clinical evidence shows that the virus can induce diabetes by disrupting pancreatic and liver functions as well as cause acute kidney injury. Additionally, neurological complications, including cognitive impairments and neuroinflammation, have been observed in a significant number of COVID-19 patients. This review discusses the mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 to acute kidney injury, Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM and T2DM), emphasizing its effects on pancreatic beta cells, insulin resistance, and the regulation of gluconeogenesis. We also explore how SARS-CoV-2 induces neurological complications, detailing the intricate pathways of neuro-invasion and the potential to trigger conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). By elucidating the metabolic and neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, this review underscores the imperative for continued research and the development of effective therapeutic interventions to mitigate the long-term and short-term impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid39703608, year = {2024}, author = {Zollner, A and Meyer, M and Jukic, A and Adolph, T and Tilg, H}, title = {The Intestine in Acute and Long COVID: Pathophysiological Insights and Key Lessons.}, journal = {The Yale journal of biology and medicine}, volume = {97}, number = {4}, pages = {447-462}, pmid = {39703608}, issn = {1551-4056}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/physiopathology/virology/immunology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Brain-Gut Axis/physiology ; Intestines/virology/physiopathology/microbiology ; }, abstract = {Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), commonly known as Long COVID, represents a significant and complex health challenge with a wide range of symptoms affecting multiple organ systems. This review examines the emerging evidence suggesting a critical role of the gut and gut-brain axis in the pathophysiology of Long COVID. It explores how changes in the gut microbiome, disruption of gut barrier integrity, and the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigens within the gastrointestinal tract may contribute to the prolonged and varied symptoms seen in Long COVID, including chronic inflammation and neuropsychiatric disturbances. The review also summarizes key insights gained about Long COVID, highlighting its multifactorial nature, which involves immune dysregulation, microvascular damage, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction, with the gut playing a central role in these processes. While progress has been made in understanding these mechanisms, current evidence remains inconclusive. The challenges of establishing causality, standardizing research methodologies, and addressing individual variations in the microbiome are discussed, emphasizing the need for further longitudinal studies and more comprehensive approaches to enhance our understanding of these complex interactions. This review underscores the importance of personalized approaches in developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for Long COVID, while also acknowledging the significant gaps in our current understanding. Future research should aim to further unravel the complex interplay between the gut and Long COVID, ultimately improving outcomes for those affected by this condition.}, }
@article {pmid39702706, year = {2025}, author = {Wei, HY and Fan, XJ and Mao, MW}, title = {A Review on Circular RNA Translation and Its Implications in Disease.}, journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)}, volume = {2883}, number = {}, pages = {109-137}, pmid = {39702706}, issn = {1940-6029}, mesh = {*RNA, Circular/genetics ; Humans ; *COVID-19/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; }, abstract = {The mRNA vaccine has emerged as a powerful tool against viral infection during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In the post-COVID-19 era, the applications of mRNA-based therapy continue to expand and evolve. Circular RNA (circRNA), long assumed to be a noncoding RNA, has been proven to be translatable and subsequently developed as a next-generation mRNA modality due to its higher stability and wider therapeutic window. Nonetheless, the studies of circRNA translation and its application in diseases still present numerous technical features and challenges. In this chapter, we provide a summary and discussion on the mechanisms of circRNA translation and its applications in medicine development, aiming to serve as a reference and inspiration for readers interested in circRNA-based therapy.}, }
@article {pmid39702572, year = {2024}, author = {Hajizadeh, A and Seyedmohammadi, M and Nosratnejad, S and Najafi, B and Sadeghi-Bazargani, H and Imani, A}, title = {A scoping review of COVID-19 economic response policies in the MENA countries: lessons learned for Iran for future pandemics.}, journal = {Health economics review}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {106}, pmid = {39702572}, issn = {2191-1991}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Given the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to examine the economic response policies implemented by governments. This study aims to review evidence from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, including Iran, on COVID-19 economic response policies designed to protect households, vulnerable groups, and businesses.<br><br>METHODS: Utilizing Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology, electronic search engines and databases were systematically searched to identify published studies within the timeframe of December 31, 2019, to 2022. Additionally, a gray literature search for relevant policy documents and reports was conducted. The following six-step approach was employed: (1) defining the review questions, (2) identifying relevant studies through database searches, (3) screening studies for inclusion, (4) extracting and charting data, (5) analyzing and presenting results, and (6) providing guidance and suggestions. Narrative synthesis was utilized for data analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: After a rigorous screening process, 53 studies were selected from a pool of 3392 search results. The findings are categorized into three primary groups: Households, vulnerable groups, and economic businesses. The majority of MENA countries implemented economic and social measures to support these groups, including stimulus packages, tax deferrals and exemptions, wage subsidies, and debt obligation deferments. The size of stimulus packages in MENA countries varied significantly, ranging from 0 to 14% of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The average stimulus package size in MENA countries was 3.67%, notably lower than the global average of 11%. Among the 64 selected countries, the average government support as a share of GDP was 6.3%, with Ecuador at the lowest (0.05%) and Germany at the highest (23%). In Iran, government financial support contributed approximately 7% to the Gross National Product.<br><br>CONCLUSION: MENA countries, including Iran, implemented diverse economic strategies and policies in response to the critical circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, tailored to their specific conditions. Assessing the effectiveness of these policies and the extent of the pandemic's long-term economic, health, and lifestyle impacts requires a more extended timeframe.}, }
@article {pmid39701478, year = {2025}, author = {Majidpour, M and Azizi, SG and Davodabadi, F and Sabeti Akbar-Abad, M and Abdollahi, Z and Sargazi, S and Shahriari, H}, title = {Recent advances in TGF-β signaling pathway in COVID-19 pathogenesis: A review.}, journal = {Microbial pathogenesis}, volume = {199}, number = {}, pages = {107236}, doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107236}, pmid = {39701478}, issn = {1096-1208}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism/pathology/immunology/virology ; *Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in approximately 7.0 million fatalities between 2019 and 2022, underscoring a pressing need for comprehensive research into its underlying mechanisms and therapeutic avenues. A distinctive feature of severe COVID-19 is the dysregulated immune response characterized by excessive activation of immune cells and the consequent cytokine storms. Recent advancements in our understanding of cellular signaling pathways have illuminated the role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) as a pivotal signaling molecule with significant implications for the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Emerging evidence reveals that TGF-β signaling, when activated by viral components or secondary pathways, adversely affects diverse cell types, particularly immune cells, and lung tissue, leading to complications such as pulmonary fibrosis. In our review article, we critically evaluate recent literature on the involvement of TGF-β signaling in the progression of COVID-19. We discuss a range of pharmacological interventions, including nintedanib, pirfenidone, corticosteroids, proton pump inhibitors, and histone deacetylase inhibitors, and their potential to modulate the TGF-β pathway in the context of COVID-19 treatment. Additionally, we explore ongoing clinical trials involving mesenchymal stem cells, low-dose radiation therapy, and artemisinin derivatives to assess their impact on TGF-β levels and subsequent clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This review is particularly relevant at this juncture as the global health community continues to grapple with the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the urgent need for targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at TGF-β modulation to mitigate disease severity and improve patient outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39701403, year = {2025}, author = {Scorza, S and Brunetti, V and Scarpellino, G and Certini, M and Gerbino, A and Moccia, F}, title = {Targeting the Ca[2+] signaling toolkit as an alternative strategy to mitigate SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiovascular adverse events.}, journal = {Vascular pharmacology}, volume = {158}, number = {}, pages = {107458}, doi = {10.1016/j.vph.2024.107458}, pmid = {39701403}, issn = {1879-3649}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism/complications/virology ; *Calcium Signaling/drug effects ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism/virology/prevention &amp; control/drug therapy/physiopathology ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity/drug effects ; Animals ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism/drug effects/virology ; Calcium Channels/metabolism/drug effects ; }, abstract = {Ca[2+] signaling events are essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, regulating critical functions in both endothelial and cardiac cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection impinges this delicate balance, leading to severe cardiovascular complications. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 receptor on endothelial and cardiomyocyte surfaces, triggering abnormal increases in intracellular Ca[2+] levels that promote endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and hypercoagulation. In endothelial cells, this dysregulation activates a pro-inflammatory state and compromises vascular integrity. In cardiomyocytes, SARS-CoV-2-induced Ca[2+] imbalances contribute to arrhythmias and heart failure by promoting abnormal Ca[2+] cycling and energy metabolism disruptions. Additionally, the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19 amplifies these effects by further altering Ca[2+] handling, enhancing inflammatory responses, and promoting thrombosis. Targeting Ca[2+] channels, particularly endolysosomal two-pore channels, represents a promising therapeutic approach to counteract SARS-CoV-2's effects on Ca[2+] dynamics. Several FDA-approved drugs that modulate Ca[2+] signaling could be repurposed to prevent viral entry and mitigate cardiovascular damage. Understanding these Ca[2+]-related mechanisms offers valuable insights for developing treatments to reduce cardiovascular risk in COVID-19 and potentially future viral infections impacting the cardiovascular system.}, }
@article {pmid39701050, year = {2025}, author = {Tsuchiya, H and Mizogami, M}, title = {Characteristics of Oral Adverse Effects following COVID-19 Vaccination and Similarities with Oral Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients: Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders.}, journal = {Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, pages = {101-120}, pmid = {39701050}, issn = {1423-0151}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Taste Disorders/etiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Saliva/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Xerostomia/etiology ; Dysgeusia ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Ageusia ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines exhibit diverse side effects, taste and saliva secretory disorders have remained poorly understood despite their negative impact on the overall quality of life. The present study aimed to characterize oral adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination and assess their similarities with oral symptoms in COVID-19 patients. A literature search was conducted in databases, including PubMed, LitCovid, and Google Scholar, to retrieve relevant studies. The narrative review indicated that a certain number of vaccinated people develop ageusia, dysgeusia, hypogeusia, xerostomia, and dry mouth, while they are rare compared with COVID-19 oral symptoms. The prevalence of oral adverse effects varies by country/region and such geographical differences may be related to the type of vaccine used. Similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, COVID-19 vaccination adversely affects taste perception and salivary secretion in females and older subjects more frequently than in males and younger subjects. Their impairments mostly appear within 3 days of vaccination, and bitter taste is specifically impaired in some cases. Considering that oral adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination share some characteristics with oral symptoms in COVID-19 patients, it is speculated that the spike protein derived from COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection may be pathophysiologically responsible for taste and saliva secretory disorders. This is because such spike protein has the potential to interact with ACE2 expressed on the relevant cells, produce proinflammatory cytokines, and form antiphospholipid antibodies. Our results do not deny the advantages of COVID-19 vaccination, but attention should be paid to post-vaccination oral effects in addition to COVID-19 oral symptoms. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines exhibit diverse side effects, taste and saliva secretory disorders have remained poorly understood despite their negative impact on the overall quality of life. The present study aimed to characterize oral adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination and assess their similarities with oral symptoms in COVID-19 patients. A literature search was conducted in databases, including PubMed, LitCovid, and Google Scholar, to retrieve relevant studies. The narrative review indicated that a certain number of vaccinated people develop ageusia, dysgeusia, hypogeusia, xerostomia, and dry mouth, while they are rare compared with COVID-19 oral symptoms. The prevalence of oral adverse effects varies by country/region and such geographical differences may be related to the type of vaccine used. Similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, COVID-19 vaccination adversely affects taste perception and salivary secretion in females and older subjects more frequently than in males and younger subjects. Their impairments mostly appear within 3 days of vaccination, and bitter taste is specifically impaired in some cases. Considering that oral adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination share some characteristics with oral symptoms in COVID-19 patients, it is speculated that the spike protein derived from COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection may be pathophysiologically responsible for taste and saliva secretory disorders. This is because such spike protein has the potential to interact with ACE2 expressed on the relevant cells, produce proinflammatory cytokines, and form antiphospholipid antibodies. Our results do not deny the advantages of COVID-19 vaccination, but attention should be paid to post-vaccination oral effects in addition to COVID-19 oral symptoms.}, }
@article {pmid39700896, year = {2025}, author = {Kanzi, AM and Smith, SI and Msefula, C and Mwaba, J and Ajayi, A and Kwenda, G and Tanui, CK and Smith, AM and Bester, LA and Derra, FA and Yamba, K and Banda, DL and Kalule, JB and Kumburu, HH and Fakim, YJ and Sithole, N and Njage, PMK and Chikuse, FF and Ondoa, P and Tessema, SK and Foster-Nyarko, E}, title = {Expediting pathogen genomics adoption for enhanced foodborne disease surveillance in Africa.}, journal = {EBioMedicine}, volume = {111}, number = {}, pages = {105500}, pmid = {39700896}, issn = {2352-3964}, mesh = {Humans ; Africa/epidemiology ; *Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology ; *Genomics/methods ; *Public Health Surveillance ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; }, abstract = {The role of genomics in public health surveillance has been accentuated by its crucial contributions during the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrating its potential in addressing global disease outbreaks. While Africa has made strides in expanding multi-pathogen genomic surveillance, the integration into foodborne disease (FBD) surveillance remains nascent. Here we highlight the critical components to strengthen and scale-up the integration of whole genome sequencing (WGS) in foodborne disease surveillance across the continent. We discuss priority use-cases for FBD, and strategies for the implementation. We also highlight the major challenges such as data management, policy and regulatory frameworks, stakeholder engagement, the need for multidisciplinary collaborations and the importance of robust monitoring and evaluation, aiming to bolster Africa's preparedness and response to future health threats.}, }
@article {pmid39700839, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, R and Raman, A}, title = {Systematic literature review on the effects of blended learning in nursing education.}, journal = {Nurse education in practice}, volume = {82}, number = {}, pages = {104238}, doi = {10.1016/j.nepr.2024.104238}, pmid = {39700839}, issn = {1873-5223}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Students, Nursing/psychology ; *Learning ; *Education, Nursing/methods ; Clinical Competence ; }, abstract = {AIM: The study aimed to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the effects of blended learning in nursing education.<br><br>BACKGROUND: Blended learning addresses significant challenges in nursing education by offering flexible and adaptive learning environments that support the development of both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Its importance grew post-COVID-19. Although some reviews have synthesized its effects in nursing education, they often focused on a limited scope and studies, leaving gaps in understanding its broader impact.<br><br>DESIGN: Systematic literature review.<br><br>METHODS: We employed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to search for literature published in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, ERIC, Scopus and Cochrane Library from 2000 to June 26, 2024. Two researchers independently screened each article for eligibility and extracted the data.<br><br>RESULTS: This review included 54 studies and found that blended learning positively influenced nursing students in five key areas: academic performance and skill development, learning engagement and motivation, self-management in learning, psychological and emotional well-being, learning experience and satisfaction. These were captured in a visual model showing the comprehensive impact of blended learning. Critical research gaps were identified, including a lack of randomized controlled trials and limited studies on mental health and clinical thinking abilities.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study showed that the effects of blended learning in nursing education were positive and multi-dimensional. Despite some inconsistencies in findings, blended learning was shown to offer significant advantages over traditional learning, though further research is required to address areas of uncertainty.}, }
@article {pmid39700784, year = {2025}, author = {Roy, K and Saikia, BK and Konwar, R}, title = {Exploring the role of carbon quantum dots as countermeasure for SARS-CoV-2 virus.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {603}, number = {}, pages = {110339}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2024.110339}, pmid = {39700784}, issn = {1096-0341}, mesh = {*Quantum Dots/chemistry/therapeutic use ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Humans ; *Carbon/chemistry ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control/virology ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use/chemistry ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Animals ; Nanomedicine ; }, abstract = {The world witnessed disturbingly rapid unfolding of COVID-19 pandemic with emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus resulting in severe morbidity and mortality and it still persists through incessant transmission across the globe even after years. Since the last decade, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained much attention due to their favourable aqueous solubility, nano size (<10 nm), inherent fluorescence, biocompatibility, and environment friendliness. In the wider search for effective strategies for treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus, nanotechnology-based formulation using CQDs have emerged as an interesting option. This article briefly reviews the basic SARS-CoV-2 virology, physicochemical properties, synthesis techniques, and diverse application of CQDs against this virus. Further, latest development and progress of CQD based approaches pertaining to their therapeutic mechanism of action, prevention, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus were comprehensively discussed. We believe that this compilation will invigorate further research for development of CQD based nanomedicines as countermeasure for SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.}, }
@article {pmid39700731, year = {2025}, author = {Aziz, HA and Yahya, HDB and Ang, WW and Lau, Y}, title = {Global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in different trimesters of pregnancy: A meta-analysis and meta-regression.}, journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, volume = {181}, number = {}, pages = {528-546}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.070}, pmid = {39700731}, issn = {1879-1379}, mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; *Depression/epidemiology ; *Anxiety/epidemiology ; *Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology ; *Pregnancy Trimesters/psychology ; *Global Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {The global prevalence of psychological problems in different trimesters is unclear due to methodological constraints in previous reviews. A precise estimate would be a key first step in raising awareness and allocating resources. This review aims to (1) calculate the global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms during different trimesters and (2) determine the factors influencing their prevalence estimates. A comprehensive search across eight databases was conducted. The meta packages in R software were used to perform meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression analysis. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the study quality, while the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method was utilized to assess the certainty of the evidence. A total of 88 studies with 61,719 participants across 48 countries were included. The prevalences of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms during all trimesters were 27% (95% CI: 23-31), 37% (95% CI: 31-42), and 26% (95% CI: 9-49), respectively. The second trimester had the highest prevalence of depression (30%) and anxiety (28%) symptoms, whereas the third trimester had the highest prevalence of stress symptoms (52%). A series of subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed that regions, economic levels of the country, setting, the COVID-19 pandemic, and quality of study were significant factors. Most studies were high quality, but the certainty of the evidence was very low. Findings can contribute as evidence to raising awareness about specific psychological problems during different trimesters. Implementing effective policies and launching targeted interventions can help minimize the prevalence.}, }
@article {pmid39700723, year = {2025}, author = {Lingadharini, P and Maji, D}, title = {Eco-sustainable point-of-care devices: Progress in paper and fabric based electrochemical and colorimetric biosensors.}, journal = {Talanta}, volume = {285}, number = {}, pages = {127397}, doi = {10.1016/j.talanta.2024.127397}, pmid = {39700723}, issn = {1873-3573}, mesh = {*Colorimetry/instrumentation/methods ; *Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation/methods ; *Paper ; Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; *Electrochemical Techniques/instrumentation ; *Point-of-Care Systems ; *Textiles ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; }, abstract = {Monitoring real-time health conditions is a rinsing demand in a pandemic prone era. Wearable Point-of-Care (POC) devices with paper and fabric-based sensors are emerging as simple, low-cost, portable, and disposable analytical tools for development of green POC devices (GPOCDs). Capabilities of passive fluid transportation, compatibility with biochemical analytes, disposability and high degree of tunability using vivid device fabrication strategies enables development of highly sensitive and economically feasible POC sensors in particularly post COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Herein we focus mainly on development of biosensors for testing body fluids in the last 5 years using microfluidic technique through electrochemical and colorimetric principle which forms the two most competing sensing techniques providing quantitative and qualitative assessment modalities respectively and forms almost 80 % of the diagnostic platform worldwide. Present review highlights use of these popular substrates as well as various fabrication strategies for realization of GPOCDs ranging from costly and highly sophisticated photolithography to low cost, non conventional techniques like use of correction ink or marker based devices to even novel pop-up/origami induced patterning techniques. Insights into the advancements in colorimetric technique like distance, count or even text based semi-quantitative read-out modality as a on-hand diagnostic information has also been provided. Finally, future outlooks with other interdisciplinary modalities like use of novel materials, incorporation of digital tools like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and strategies for sensitivity and reliability improvement of future GPOCDs have also been discussed.}, }
@article {pmid39700490, year = {2024}, author = {Ogundiya, O and Rahman, TJ and Valnarov-Boulter, I and Young, TM}, title = {Looking Back on Digital Medical Education Over the Last 25 Years and Looking to the Future: Narrative Review.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {e60312}, pmid = {39700490}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Education, Distance/trends/methods ; *Education, Medical/trends/methods ; Pandemics ; *Telemedicine/trends ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The last 25 years have seen enormous progression in digital technologies across the whole of the health service, including health education. The rapid evolution and use of web-based and digital techniques have been significantly transforming this field since the beginning of the new millennium. These advancements continue to progress swiftly, even more so after the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This narrative review aims to outline and discuss the developments that have taken place in digital medical education across the defined time frame. In addition, evidence for potential opportunities and challenges facing digital medical education in the near future was collated for analysis.<br><br>METHODS: Literature reviews were conducted using PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase. The participants and learners in this study included medical students, physicians in training or continuing professional development, nurses, paramedics, and patients.<br><br>RESULTS: Evidence of the significant steps in the development of digital medical education in the past 25 years was presented and analyzed in terms of application, impact, and implications for the future. The results were grouped into the following themes for discussion: learning management systems; telemedicine (in digital medical education); mobile health; big data analytics; the metaverse, augmented reality, and virtual reality; the COVID-19 pandemic; artificial intelligence; and ethics and cybersecurity.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Major changes and developments in digital medical education have occurred from around the start of the new millennium. Key steps in this journey include technical developments in teleconferencing and learning management systems, along with a marked increase in mobile device use for accessing learning over this time. While the pace of evolution in digital medical education accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, further rapid progress has continued since the resolution of the pandemic. Many of these changes are currently being widely used in health education and other fields, such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence, providing significant future potential. The opportunities these technologies offer must be balanced against the associated challenges in areas such as cybersecurity, the integrity of web-based assessments, ethics, and issues of digital privacy to ensure that digital medical education continues to thrive in the future.}, }
@article {pmid39700481, year = {2025}, author = {Tabata, I}, title = {Tabata training in perspective.}, journal = {Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme}, volume = {50}, number = {}, pages = {1-10}, doi = {10.1139/apnm-2023-0506}, pmid = {39700481}, issn = {1715-5320}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19 ; Oxygen Consumption ; *High-Intensity Interval Training/methods ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Athletic Performance/physiology ; Athletes ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Physical Conditioning, Human/methods ; }, abstract = {Originally developed as a specific form of exhaustive intermittent training involving 6-8 × 20 s of supramaximal-intensity cycling exercises with 10 s of recovery for athletes, Tabata training has become universally recognized around the world. The purpose of this review article is to provide a perspective on Tabata training and discuss how this popular style of intermittent training has evolved and been applied over the last ∼30 years. The article will review the original motivation behind Tabata training with relevance to concepts such as maximal accumulated oxygen deficit and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) and discuss how Tabata training has been adapted to involve sport-specific training and cross training. Studies of Tabata training on physiological responses and adaptations in muscle, blood vessels, bone, and brain across different populations will be reviewed. Finally, research on how Tabata-style training was applied to counteract inactivity during the COVID19 pandemic will be discussed. Evolving from the study of athletes, Tabata training represents an example of how high-intensity intermittent/interval training can be adapted and applied in various settings to enhance performance and health.}, }
@article {pmid39699237, year = {2025}, author = {Tanneti, NS and Stillwell, HA and Weiss, SR}, title = {Human coronaviruses: activation and antagonism of innate immune responses.}, journal = {Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR}, volume = {89}, number = {1}, pages = {e0001623}, pmid = {39699237}, issn = {1098-5557}, support = {R01 AI104887/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI140442/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI169537/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 A104887//HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; *Coronavirus/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/immunology ; Interferons/immunology ; }, abstract = {SUMMARYHuman coronaviruses cause a range of respiratory diseases, from the common cold (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and SARS-CoV-2) to lethal pneumonia (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV). Coronavirus interactions with host innate immune antiviral responses are an important determinant of disease outcome. This review compares the host's innate response to different human coronaviruses. Host antiviral defenses discussed in this review include frontline defenses against respiratory viruses in the nasal epithelium, early sensing of viral infection by innate immune effectors, double-stranded RNA and stress-induced antiviral pathways, and viral antagonism of innate immune responses conferred by conserved coronavirus nonstructural proteins and genus-specific accessory proteins. The common cold coronaviruses HCoV-229E and -NL63 induce robust interferon signaling and related innate immune pathways, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 induce intermediate levels of activation, and MERS-CoV shuts down these pathways almost completely.}, }
@article {pmid39698413, year = {2024}, author = {Zhang, X and Che, X and Zhang, S and Wang, R and Li, M and Jin, Y and Wang, T and Song, Y}, title = {Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for human diseases.}, journal = {Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {64-82}, pmid = {39698413}, issn = {2767-6641}, abstract = {Stem cell therapy is a novel approach for treating various severe and intractable diseases, including autoimmune disorders, organ transplants, tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, the extensive utilization of stem cells is constrained by potential tumorigenicity, challenges in precise differentiation, rejection concerns, and ethical considerations. Extracellular vesicles possess the ability to carry diverse bioactive factors from stem cells and deliver them to specific target cells or tissues. Moreover, they offer the advantage of low immunogenicity. Consequently, they have the potential to facilitate the therapeutic potential of stem cells, mitigating the risks associated with direct stem cell application. Therefore, the use of stem cell extracellular vesicles in clinical diseases has received increasing attention. This review summarizes advances in the use of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). MSC extracellular vesicles are used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, liver injury, COVID-19, and allergies; in the repair of tissue damage in heart disease, kidney injury, and osteoarthritic diseases; as a carrier in the treatment of tumors; and as a regenerative agent in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.}, }
@article {pmid39697632, year = {2024}, author = {Fanelli, M and Petrone, V and Chirico, R and Radu, CM and Minutolo, A and Matteucci, C}, title = {Flow cytometry for extracellular vesicle characterization in COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {417-437}, pmid = {39697632}, issn = {2767-6641}, abstract = {Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 diseases, can impact different tissues and induce significant cellular alterations. The production of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are physiologically involved in cell communication, is also altered during COVID-19, along with the dysfunction of cytoplasmic organelles. Since circulating EVs reflect the state of their cells of origin, they represent valuable tools for monitoring pathological conditions. Despite challenges in detecting EVs due to their size and specific cellular compartment origin using different methodologies, flow cytometry has proven to be an effective method for assessing the role of EVs in COVID-19. This review summarizes the involvement of plasmatic EVs in COVID-19 patients and individuals with Long COVID (LC) affected by post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), highlighting their dual role in exerting both pro- and antiviral effects. We also emphasize how flow cytometry, with its multiparametric approach, can be employed to characterize circulating EVs, particularly in infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and suggest their potential role in chronic impairments during post-infection.}, }
@article {pmid39697451, year = {2024}, author = {Velikova, T and Gerasoudis, S and Batselova, H}, title = {Vaccination for solid organ transplanted patients: Recommendations, efficacy, and safety.}, journal = {World journal of transplantation}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {92172}, pmid = {39697451}, issn = {2220-3230}, abstract = {Solid organ transplant recipients face unique challenges in managing their immunosuppressed status, making vaccination a critical consideration. This review aimed to comprehensively analyze current recommendations, evaluate the efficacy of vaccinations in this population, and assess safety concerns. We explored the latest evidence on vaccine types, timing, and potential benefits for transplant patients, highlighting the importance of individualized approaches for routinely used vaccines as well as coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines. By synthesizing available data, this review underscored the pressing need to optimize vaccination strategies, ensuring that transplant recipients can obtain the full protection against many pathogens while minimizing risks associated with their post-transplant immunosuppression.}, }
@article {pmid39697345, year = {2024}, author = {Leston, M and Kar, D and Forbes, A and Jamie, G and Wimalaratna, R and Jiwani, G and Ordóñez-Mena, JM and Stewart, DE and Whitaker, H and Joy, M and Lee, LYW and Hobbs, FDR and de Lusignan, S}, title = {Developing a digital phenotype to subdivide adult immunosuppressed COVID-19 outcomes within the English Primary Care Sentinel Network.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1491565}, pmid = {39697345}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Adult ; Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/mortality ; England/epidemiology ; *Immunocompromised Host ; *Phenotype ; *Primary Health Care ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Sentinel Surveillance ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adults classified as immunosuppressed have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to the immunocompetent, certain patients are at increased risk of suboptimal vaccine response and adverse health outcomes if infected. However, there has been insufficient work to pinpoint where these risks concentrate within the immunosuppressed spectrum; surveillance efforts typically treat the immunosuppressed as a single entity, leading to wide confidence intervals. A clinically meaningful and computerised medical record (CMR) compatible method to subdivide immunosuppressed COVID-19 data is urgently needed.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a rapid scoping review into COVID-19 mortality across UK immunosuppressed categories to assess if differential mortality risk was a viable means of subdivision. We converted the risk hierarchy that surfaced into a pilot digital phenotype-a valueset and series of ontological rules ready to extract immunosuppressed patients from CMR data and stratify outcomes of interest in COVID-19 surveillance dataflows.<br><br>RESULTS: The rapid scoping review returned COVID-19 mortality data for all immunosuppressed subgroups assessed and revealed significant heterogeneity across the spectrum. There was a clear distinction between heightened COVID-19 mortality in haematological malignancy and transplant patients and mortality that approached the immunocompetent baseline amongst cancer therapy recipients, autoimmune patients, and those with HIV. This process, complemented by expert clinical input, informed the curation of the five-part digital phenotype now ready for testing in real-world data; its ontological rules will enable mutually exclusive, hierarchical extraction with nuanced time and treatment conditions. Unique categorisations have been introduced, including 'Bone Marrow Compromised' and those dedicated to differentiating prescriptions related and unrelated to cancer. Codification was supported by existing reference sets of medical codes; absent or redundant codes had to be resolved manually.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Although this work is in its earliest phases, the development process we report has been highly informative. Systematic review, clinical consensus building, and implementation studies will test the validity of our results and address criticisms of the rapid scoping exercise they are predicated on.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Comprehensive testing for COVID-19 has differentiated mortality risks across the immunosuppressed spectrum. This risk hierarchy has been codified into a digital phenotype for differentiated COVID-19 surveillance; this marks a step towards the needs-based management of these patients that is urgently required.}, }
@article {pmid39697155, year = {2024}, author = {Boesing, M and Albrich, W and Bridevaux, PO and Charbonnier, F and Clarenbach, C and Fellrath, JM and Gianella, P and Kern, L and Latshang, T and Pavlov, N and Osthoff, M and Steurer-Stey, C and von Garnier, C and Leuppi, JD}, title = {Vaccination in adult patients with chronic lung diseases.}, journal = {Praxis}, volume = {113}, number = {11-12}, pages = {297-305}, doi = {10.23785/PRAXIS.2024.11.003}, pmid = {39697155}, issn = {1661-8157}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Switzerland ; Aged ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Chronic Disease ; Influenza Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Adult ; Vaccination ; Lung Diseases ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; }, abstract = {In Switzerland, additional vaccinations against influenza, COVID-19, Streptococcus pneumoniae and varicella zoster virus (VZV), are recommended for patients with chronic lung diseases such as COPD, asthma or interstitial lung disease, since infectious diseases often lead to exacerbation of lung diseases resulting in increased disease burden and mortality. In this review we give an overview on recommended vaccinations for patients with chronic lung diseases, also including vaccinations against pertussis and RSV, which are recommended in international guidelines. While continuous development of vaccines against S. pneumoniae has given rise to high-valency vaccines covering up to 68% of S. pneumoniae variants in individuals aged ≥65 years, vaccination rates in this age group remain low in Switzerland (10% in 2020). Vaccination rates are higher for influenza, and particularly high-dose vaccines account for high vaccination efficacy in years of low strain matching in individuals at risk. Although mortality of COVID-19 decreased since the emergence of the first SARS-CoV-2 variant, patients with chronic lung disease are still at increased risk for exacerbation, unless vaccinated with variant-adjusted vaccines. VZV and Bordetella pertussis vaccination has also significantly countered reactivation and infection rates, respectively, and subunit vaccines against VZV show long duration. However, pertussis vaccination is still limited by its fast waning. A glimpse into the future presumes the introduction of new higher-valence vaccinations against S. pneumoniae, and several types of RSV vaccines are expected to enter the Swiss market soon.}, }
@article {pmid39696633, year = {2024}, author = {Biesty, L and Sheehan, S and Meskell, P and Dowling, M and Glenton, C and Shepperd, S and Chan, XHS and Cox, R and Devane, D and Booth, A and Houghton, C}, title = {Factors that influence recruitment to COVID-19 vaccine trials: a qualitative evidence synthesis.}, journal = {Trials}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {837}, pmid = {39696633}, issn = {1745-6215}, mesh = {Humans ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; *Patient Selection ; *Qualitative Research ; Research Subjects/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic marked a unique period characterised by an extraordinary global virus spread. The collective effort to halt the transmission of the virus led to various public health initiatives, including a variety of COVID-19 vaccine trials. Many of these trials used adaptive methods to address the pandemic's challenges, such as the need for rapid recruitment. These adaptive methods allow for modifications to the trial procedures without undermining the trial's integrity, making the research process more flexible and efficient. However, recruiting participants for vaccine trials remains a considerable challenge. The aim of this qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) is to explore the factors that influence a person's decision to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine trial. Lessons learned from this could help shape future trials' design and conduct, particularly those conducted within a pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic search for qualitative studies and mixed methods studies with a qualitative component in the WHO COVID-19 Research Database, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Epistemomikos, Online Resource for Research in Clinical Trials (ORCCA), and the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register. We used the best-fit framework synthesis approach and the Social Ecological Model as an a priori framework. We used the GRADE-CERQual approach to assess our confidence in the review findings.<br><br>RESULTS: Five studies involving 539 participants were included. One of these studies included participants in a COVID-19 vaccine trial. In three of the studies, participants were asked hypothetically about their attitudes. Another study included people who had either not responded to or declined an invitation to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine trial. We developed six themes outlining the factors that influence a person's decision to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine trial: (1) personal gains, (2) perceived risk, (3) influence of family and community, (4) contributing for others, (5) institutional trust and mistrust, and (6) accessibility of the trial.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review sheds light on how people perceive the potential personal, family, and community advantages of trial participation and how these perceptions may be weighed against concerns about vaccine safety. The findings also point toward specific aspects of trial methodology to consider when designing COVID-19 vaccine trials.}, }
@article {pmid39696533, year = {2024}, author = {Shang, X and Cao, Y and Guo, Y and Zhang, L and Li, J and Zhang, H and Fan, Y and Huang, Y and Li, J and Wang, Y and Xiong, Y and Cai, Q and Zhang, H and Ma, Y}, title = {Recent advancements in traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 with comorbidities across various systems: a scoping review.}, journal = {Infectious diseases of poverty}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {97}, pmid = {39696533}, issn = {2049-9957}, support = {2023YFC3503400//Key Technologies Research and Development Program/ ; CI2021A03703//Scientific and technological innovation project of CACMS/ ; CI2021A00704//Scientific and technological innovation project of CACMS/ ; CI2021B003//Scientific and technological innovation project of CACMS/ ; CI2021A01314//Scientific and technological innovation project of CACMS/ ; 82274350//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023007//Institute of Medicinal Plant Development/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Comorbidity ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment/methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; *Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has developed a rich theoretical system and practical experience in fighting to infectious diseases over the past thousands of years, and has played an important role in controlling the spread owing to its unique advantages. In particular, its significant contribution to the prevention and control of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is widely recognized. COVID-19 infection is mainly non-severe with a favorable overall outcome, but patients with comorbidities tend to have a poor prognosis. However, a comprehensive review of TCM for preventing and treating COVID-19 with comorbidities across various systems is still lacking. Hence, this scoping review aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation on treatment outcome of TCM for treating COVID-19 with comorbidities across various systems.<br><br>METHODS: The scoping review was conducted by searching English databases including PubMed and Web of Science, and Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang between January 2020 and January 2024. We followed the inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant literature. Information for inclusion in the literature were subsequently extracted and consolidated.<br><br>RESULTS: We enrolled 13 literature that met the inclusion criteria in the review finally. Our analysis revealed that research on COVID-19 with comorbidities was mostly focused on circulatory diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and cerebrovascular diseases, most common comorbidities were hypertension. Followed by endocrine and metabolic diseases such as diabetes, respiratory diseases including pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been also addressed. However, there were few studies on co-infectious urogenital system disease, and no studies on the rheumatic, immune, hematological, nervous, reproductive, and skin systems diseases. Based on existing studies, TCM has significantly improved the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 with comorbidities such as fever, fatigue, dry cough, anorexia and asthma, the absorption of lung lesions, shortened the duration of viral shedding and the course of disease.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: TCM has great application prospects in treating COVID-19 with comorbidities. These findings could provide important evidence for clinicians to treat COVID-19 with comorbidities. Multi-center studies are required to confirm our results in the future.}, }
@article {pmid39696290, year = {2024}, author = {Benhalima, I and Jacquemont, L and Milière, L and Tone, A and Ettahar, N and Dewulf, G and Mazars, E}, title = {Meningitis due to Gemella sp. in a patient with severe ENT conditions: case report and review of the literature.}, journal = {Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, pages = {106}, pmid = {39696290}, issn = {1476-0711}, mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Aged ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Esophageal Neoplasms/complications ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; }, abstract = {In June 2022, a 73-year-old man with a history of laryngeal and esophageal carcinoma was admitted to the emergency unit with sudden fever, confusion, and general condition deterioration. Initial assessments showed a fever of 38.5 °C, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) at 209 mg/L, and a neutrophil count of 10.4 G/L, with negative results for urine analysis, blood cultures, and multiple infectious pathogens, including Legionella pneumophila, pneumococcal antigen, and SARS-CoV-2. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed no significant infectious focus.Empirical treatment with Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin was initiated. Despite treatment, the patient's condition remained unchanged, and a lumbar puncture revealed turbid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with 14,300 white blood cells (WBC)/mm[3], predominantly neutrophils, elevated proteins, and decreased glucose. Gram staining suggested Neisseria meningitidis, but further testing was necessary. Antibiotic therapy was switched to Cefotaxime and Dexamethasone, and the patient was transferred to the Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit.Multiplex PCR assays and additional CSF tests were negative for common pathogens. Sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA identified Gemella sp. The patient's condition improved with continued Cefotaxime treatment, and he recovered without neurological sequelae. Subsequent dental CT revealed poor dental hygiene but no signs of osteo-meningeal breach or bone lysis.A literature review identified 22 reported cases of central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by various Gemella species from 1980 to 2022. Of these, 59% presented with meningitis, and 41% had additional encephalitis or brain abscesses. Complete recovery occurred in 77% of cases, with 9% resulting in neurological damage and another 9% in fatal outcomes. Relapses occurred in 14% of the cases. The review highlighted that CNS infections by Gemella spp. primarily affect immunocompromised adults with ENT (ear nose throat) or neurological breaches, although some cases involved healthy individuals.This case underscores the diagnostic challenges posed by uncommon pathogens like Gemella and highlights the utility of molecular microbiology in identifying causative agents, thus guiding appropriate treatment. The patient's history of ENT and esophageal cancers, along with recent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, likely contributed to the infection's development. The case emphasizes the importance of thorough investigation in febrile confusion cases and the potential role of Gemella spp. in CNS infections.}, }
@article {pmid39696276, year = {2024}, author = {Lee, YL and Dai, JW and Li, XW and Chiang, MY and Chen, PT and Lin, YC and Wang, CH}, title = {Prevalence and the associated factors of burnout among the critical healthcare professionals during the post-pandemic era: a multi-institutional survey in Taiwan with a systematic review of the Asian literatures.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {3480}, pmid = {39696276}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {Humans ; Taiwan/epidemiology ; *Burnout, Professional/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Adult ; Female ; Male ; *Health Personnel/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Risk Factors ; Middle Aged ; COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Critical Care/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Burnout is a global concern, and critical healthcare professionals have been identified as a high-risk population of burnout. Early identification is crucial, but the prevalence of burnout and its risk factors demonstrate significant geographical variations. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of burnout among critical healthcare professionals and explore potential risk factors during the post-pandemic era in Taiwan.<br><br>METHODS: A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted from December 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024, targeting critical healthcare professionals employed in selected medical institutions affiliated with the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Foundation, one of Taiwan's largest healthcare organizations. Demographic information, the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), current work stressors and self-reported general health data were collected. The study utilized the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-MP). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were employed to investigate the association between risk factors and each burnout subscales. A systematic review of Asian literature concerning burnout among critical care practitioners was also conducted.<br><br>RESULTS: In our study, 254 participants were enrolled, with an overall burnout rate of 35.4%. The prevalence of high emotional exhaustion (EE) was 70.9%, high depersonalization (DP) was 56.3%, and low personal accomplishment (PA) was 60.6%. Young, unmarried populations, individuals with limited work experience, longer working hours, and night shifts are potential vulnerable groups susceptible to burnout. The top three stressors identified were excessive workload, the burden of administrative tasks, and a shortage of vacation time. Our systematic review included 20 Asian studies on the same issue, with variable burnout prevalence ranging from 16.3 to 82.1%.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The prevalence of burnout was high among critical healthcare professionals in post-pandemic Taiwan, particularly affecting younger, unmarried populations and individuals with limited work experience, longer hours, and more night shifts. The influence of pandemic-related factors has decreased. Regional variations in burnout have been observed across Asia, highlighting the need for further research to identify local risk factors and protect the well-being of professionals and healthcare quality.}, }
@article {pmid39696231, year = {2024}, author = {Lee, M and Shin, S and Lee, M and Hong, E}, title = {Educational outcomes of digital serious games in nursing education: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.}, journal = {BMC medical education}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {1458}, pmid = {39696231}, issn = {1472-6920}, support = {2023R1A2C2006838//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Clinical Competence ; *Education, Nursing/methods ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Students, Nursing/psychology ; *Video Games ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Advancements in digital technologies and the coronavirus disease pandemic have rapidly shifted educational practices towards engaging digital methods, such as serious games, significantly influencing healthcare education. Digital serious games enhance nursing education by effectively overcoming limitations such as limited training time and inadequate resources, thereby improving knowledge and skills. Few high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses were focused exclusively on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of digital serious games to determine their effects in nursing education.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of digital serious games on nursing education through a systematic review and meta-analysis using the Kirkpatrick model to evaluate learning and behavioral changes.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs was performed. Six databases were searched for articles published before April 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials. A sensitivity analysis was performed. Outcome variables were categorized according to the Kirkpatrick model. Effect sizes were determined using Hedges' g in a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was performed.<br><br>RESULTS: The quality appraisal results revealed that all the studies exhibited a low risk of bias across these domains. Eleven studies were included in the systematic review, and eight studies, in the meta-analysis. The intervention group showed significant improvements in knowledge (Hedges' g&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.27, 1.22], p&#x2009;=&#x2009;.002, I&#xb2; = 90.51%), confidence (Hedges' g&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.73, 95% CI = [0.23, 1.24], p&#x2009;=&#x2009;.005, I&#xb2; = 82.71%), and performance (Hedges' g&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.49, 95% CI = [0.17, 0.80], p&#x2009;=&#x2009;.003, I&#xb2; = 56.60%). Subgroup analysis showed a significant improvement in knowledge when the intervention period exceeded 2 weeks (Hedges' g&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.53, 95% CI = [0.32, 0.74], p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001, I&#xb2; = 25.41%).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that digital serious games significantly enhance knowledge, performance, and confidence of nursing students, offering a valuable alternative to traditional methods and equipping them with essential clinical competencies. However, the observed high heterogeneity and limitations like brief intervention durations necessitate caution in result interpretation and highlight the need for further research to explore long-term effects and behavioral changes in nursing education.}, }
@article {pmid39696150, year = {2024}, author = {McGee, RG and Wark, S and Mwangi, F and Drovandi, A and Alele, F and Malau-Aduli, BS and , }, title = {Digital learning of clinical skills and its impact on medical students' academic performance: a systematic review.}, journal = {BMC medical education}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {1477}, pmid = {39696150}, issn = {1472-6920}, mesh = {Humans ; *Clinical Competence ; *Students, Medical ; *COVID-19 ; Academic Performance ; Education, Distance ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Education, Medical/methods ; Computer-Assisted Instruction/methods ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development and implementation of digital methods for teaching clinical skills in medical education. This systematic review presents both the benefits, challenges, and effectiveness of this transition.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search of six electronic databases (SCOPUS, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC &amp; Informit) was conducted on 1st October 2023 and updated on 1st April 2024 to identify peer- reviewed articles, from 2019 onwards, which used any type of digital tool (online or otherwise) to teach clinical skills to medical trainees (undergraduate or postgraduate) and were published in English language. The primary outcome synthesised was the reported effectiveness of these digital tools in the development of clinical skills. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment With Diverse Studies (QuADS) tool.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies involving 3,895 participants were eligible for inclusion in this review. The QuADS quality assessment scores ranged from 22 to 35, indicating medium quality and thirteen of the studies were randomized trials. Overall, digital teaching of clinical skills demonstrated improved or comparable outcomes to in-person teaching. There was a beneficial effect of digital learning tools on assessment outcomes, with meta-analysis showing a mean difference increase of 1.93 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.64), albeit with a high amount of statistical heterogeneity I2 97%, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001. Digital clinical skills teaching also resulted in improved student satisfaction scores in many situations and was also shown in one study to be cost effective.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Teaching of clinical skills using digital tools is an important alternative to the traditional format of face-to-face delivery, which is resource intensive and difficult to implement during a pandemic. This review demonstrates their potential efficacy in improving education outcomes, student satisfaction and potentially reducing costs. However, the integration of traditional and innovative digital teaching methods appeared to provide the most comprehensive learning experience. Future research could focus on longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impact and efficacy of different digital and blended learning modalities on the acquisition of clinical skills and professional competencies.}, }
@article {pmid39695051, year = {2024}, author = {Moran, C and Seidel, S and Abolhosseini, S and Coroiu, A and Sohail, R and Gamboa, J and Valdarchi, AB and Hernandez, L and Campbell, TS}, title = {Quantitative Measurement of Individual and Contextual Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination in General Population Samples: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {International journal of behavioral medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {39695051}, issn = {1532-7558}, support = {MM1- 174902/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: This scoping review aims to map the quantitative literature investigating vaccine-related individual and contextual determinants of COVID-19 vaccination uptake, identify and define constructs assessed, and describe the characteristics of self-report measures.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to capture peer-reviewed journal articles published between December 31, 2019, and December 25, 2021. Studies conducted in English and collecting data from general population samples using self-report measures of vaccine-related determinants of COVID-19 vaccination behavior were eligible. Data were analyzed using a descriptive statistics and content analysis, and constructs were mapped onto the COM-B model. The review pre-registration is available on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/82fsz).<br><br>RESULTS: This review identified 157 studies (6153 abstracts and 997 full texts screened) and 425 vaccine-related constructs were retrieved from included studies. Of these, 4% were mapped to capability factors, 85% to motivation, and 11% to opportunity. The most frequently assessed constructs were positive attitudes (19% of constructs), negative attitudes (16%), intention (10%), and beliefs (8%). Only 11% of studies used or adapted pre-existing measures in their surveys. Psychometric properties of self-report measures used were not reported in the majority of studies (60%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest a predominant focus on perceived individual-level predictors of COVID-19 vaccination with inconsistent measurement, potentially compromising research validity. This research highlights opportunities to explore social/environmental factors, establish unified definitions, and employ validated self-report measures for robust survey-based studies on COVID-19 vaccination determinants.}, }
@article {pmid39694730, year = {2024}, author = {Charlton, BT and Goulding, RP and Jaspers, RT and Appelman, B and van Vugt, M and Wüst, RCI}, title = {Skeletal muscle adaptations and post-exertional malaise in long COVID.}, journal = {Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.tem.2024.11.008}, pmid = {39694730}, issn = {1879-3061}, abstract = {When acute SARS-CoV-2 infections cause symptoms that persist longer than 3 months, this condition is termed long COVID. Symptoms experienced by patients often include myalgia, fatigue, brain fog, cognitive impairments, and post-exertional malaise (PEM), which is the worsening of symptoms following mental or physical exertion. There is little consensus on the pathophysiology of exercise-induced PEM and skeletal-muscle-related symptoms. In this opinion article we highlight intrinsic mitochondrial dysfunction, endothelial abnormalities, and a muscle fiber type shift towards a more glycolytic phenotype as main contributors to the reduced exercise capacity in long COVID. The mechanistic trigger for physical exercise to induce PEM is unknown, but rapid skeletal muscle tissue damage and intramuscular infiltration of immune cells contribute to PEM-related symptoms.}, }
@article {pmid39694420, year = {2025}, author = {Shannon, A and Canard, B}, title = {Nucleotide analogues and mpox: Repurposing the repurposable.}, journal = {Antiviral research}, volume = {234}, number = {}, pages = {106057}, doi = {10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.106057}, pmid = {39694420}, issn = {1872-9096}, mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology/chemistry ; Humans ; *Drug Repositioning ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Nucleotides/therapeutic use/chemistry ; COVID-19 ; Nucleosides/therapeutic use/chemistry ; }, abstract = {While the COVID-19 crisis is still ongoing, a new public health threat has emerged with recent outbreaks of monkeypox (mpox) infections in Africa. Mass vaccination is not currently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), and antiviral treatments are yet to be specifically approved for mpox, although existing FDA-approved drugs (Tecovirimat, Brincidofovir, and Cidofovir) may be used in severe cases or for immunocompromised patients. A first-line of defense is thus drug repurposing, which was heavily attempted against SARS-CoV-2 - albeit with limited success. This review focuses on nucleoside analogues as promising antiviral candidates for targeting of the viral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase. In contrast to broad-spectrum screening approaches employed for SARS-CoV-2, we emphasize the importance of understanding the structural specificity of viral polymerases for rational selection of potential candidates. By comparing DNA-dependent DNA polymerases with other viral polymerases, we highlight the unique features that influence the efficacy and selectivity of nucleoside analogues. These structural insights provide a framework for the preselection, repurposing, optimization, and design of nucleoside analogues, aiming to accelerate the development of targeted antiviral therapies for mpox and other viral infections.}, }
@article {pmid39693873, year = {2025}, author = {Alirezaee, A and Mirmoghtadaei, M and Heydarlou, H and Akbarian, A and Alizadeh, Z}, title = {Interferon therapy in alpha and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2: The dichotomy between laboratory success and clinical realities.}, journal = {Cytokine}, volume = {186}, number = {}, pages = {156829}, doi = {10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156829}, pmid = {39693873}, issn = {1096-0023}, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19/virology/immunology ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use ; *Interferons/therapeutic use ; Immunity, Innate ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The emergence of the Alpha and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a renewed interest in using interferon therapy as a potential treatment option. Interferons are a group of signaling proteins produced by host cells in response to viral infections. They play a critical role in the innate immune response to viral infections by inducing an antiviral state in infected and neighboring cells. Interferon therapy has shown promise as a potential treatment option for COVID-19. In this review paper, we review the current knowledge regarding interferon therapy in the context of the Alpha and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the challenges that must be overcome to translate laboratory findings into effective clinical treatments.}, }
@article {pmid39693619, year = {2024}, author = {Bikou, AG and Deligianni, E and Dermiki-Gkana, F and Liappas, N and Teriús-Padrón, JG and Beltrán Jaunsarás, ME and Cabrera-Umpiérrez, MF and Kontogiorgis, C}, title = {Improving Participant Recruitment in Clinical Trials: Comparative Analysis of Innovative Digital Platforms.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {e60504}, pmid = {39693619}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Blockchain ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/methods ; *Patient Selection ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pharmaceutical product development relies on thorough and costly clinical trials. Participant recruitment and monitoring can be challenging. The incorporation of cutting-edge technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence has revolutionized clinical research (particularly in the recruitment stage), enhanced secure data storage and analysis, and facilitated participant monitoring while protecting their personal information.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the use of novel digital platforms and their features, such as e-recruitment, e-consent, and matching, aiming to optimize and expedite clinical research.<br><br>METHODS: A review with a systematic approach was conducted encompassing literature from January 2000 to October 2024. The MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were examined thoroughly using a customized search string. Inclusion criteria focused on digital platforms involving clinical trial recruitment phases that were in English and had international presence, scientific validation, regulatory approval, and no geographic limitations. Literature reviews and unvalidated digital platforms were excluded. The selected studies underwent meticulous screening by the research team, ensuring a thorough analysis of novel digital platforms and their use and features for clinical trials.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 24 digital platforms were identified that supported clinical trial recruitment phases. In general, most of them (n=22, 80%) are headquartered and operating in the United States, providing a range of functionalities including electronic consent (n=14, 60% of the platforms), participant matching, and monitoring of patients' health status. These supplementary features enhance the overall effectiveness of the platforms in facilitating the recruitment process for clinical trials. The analysis and digital platform findings refer to a specific time frame when the investigation took place, and a notable surge was observed in the adoption of these novel digital tools, particularly following the COVID-19 outbreak.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores the vital role of the identified digital platforms in clinical trials, aiding in recruitment, enhancing patient engagement, accelerating procedures, and personalizing vital sign monitoring. Despite their impact, challenges in accessibility, compatibility, and transparency require careful consideration. Addressing these challenges is crucial for optimizing digital tool integration into clinical research, allowing researchers to harness the benefits while managing the associated risks effectively.}, }
@article {pmid39693583, year = {2025}, author = {Nath, A and Kolson, DL}, title = {Reemerging Infectious Diseases and Neuroimmunologic Complications.}, journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology &amp; neuroinflammation}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {e200356}, pmid = {39693583}, issn = {2332-7812}, support = {R01 NS122570/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/complications ; COVID-19/complications ; HIV Infections/complications ; }, abstract = {During the past decade (and beyond), neurologists have become aware of the emergence, persistence, and consequences of some familiar and new infections affecting the nervous system. Even among the familiar CNS infections, such as herpes virus, polyoma virus/JC, influenza, arbovirus, and hepatitis, challenges remain in developing effective antiviral treatments and treatments of postinfection sequelae. With the changing environment and increased global travel, arthropod vectors that mediate zoonotic disease transmission have spread unfamiliar viruses such as West Nile virus, dengue, chikungunya, equine encephalitis, and Zika, among others. Although the global health impact of these diseases has not risen to that of COVID-19 and HIV, it is likely to dramatically increase with continued spread of transmission vectors and the emergence of new zoonotic animal-to-human diseases mediated by those transmission vectors. Furthermore, specific virus-targeting treatments or effective vaccines for arboviral infections are not yet available, and this represents a major challenge in limiting the morbidity of these infections. By contrast, HIV-1, a disease that originated by direct transmission from nonhuman primates to humans (as early as the 1930s), after many years of intense study, is now targeted by highly specific and effective antiviral drugs that can limit the spread of infection and extend human life and health in all populations. Even with these dramatic therapeutic effects of suppressing HIV replication, neurologic dysfunction (primarily cognitive impairment) affects significant numbers of persons living with HIV. This emphasizes not only the importance of treating the underlying infection but also developing treatments for legacy effects of the initial infection even after antiviral therapy. Notably, the rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was met with rapid implementation of highly effective and specific antiviral therapies. This resulted in early and dramatic lowering of the morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nonetheless, the postinfectious complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection (long COVID) are now among the more costly consequences of emerging zoonotic infections worldwide. Developing new antiviral therapies that can penetrate the CNS, vaccines, and therapies that target host immune responses and metabolic dysfunction will be necessary for management of infectious and postinfectious complications of established and emerging infections.}, }
@article {pmid39693161, year = {2024}, author = {Cao, W and He, N and Luo, Y and Zhang, Z}, title = {Oral traditional Chinese medicine for mild to moderate cases of COVID-19: a network meta-analysis based on RCTs.}, journal = {Journal of infection in developing countries}, volume = {18}, number = {11}, pages = {1671-1681}, doi = {10.3855/jidc.19398}, pmid = {39693161}, issn = {1972-2680}, mesh = {Humans ; Administration, Oral ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment/adverse effects/methods ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; *Medicine, Chinese Traditional/adverse effects/methods ; Network Meta-Analysis ; Pandemics ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Treatment Outcome ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This systemic review examines the effectiveness and safety of combining traditional Chinese medicine with standard therapy in the treatment of mild to moderate cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<br><br>METHODOLOGY: We retrieved articles from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Weipi (VIP), and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM). The deadline for retrieval was 20 August 2022, and it was updated on 1 July 2023. Two researchers worked independently on literature screening, data extraction, and evaluation of the quality of the literature.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 21 randomized controlled trials were included in this review; consisting of 9 articles in English and 12 articles in Chinese. According to the fixed-effects model, the results of the traditional meta-analysis indicated a significantly superior efficacy of oral traditional Chinese medicine combined with standard therapy in treating mild to moderate cases of COVID-19, compared to standard treatment (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.59-2.06), with no increased adverse effects (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.95-1.73). The network meta-analysis results revealed Lianhua Qingke, Toujie Quwen, and Jinhua Qinggan granules as the three best Chinese medicines with the most effective treatment outcomes; while Lianhua Qingwen capsule/granules, Reyanning, and Shufeng Jiedu capsules were the top three Chinese medicines with the fewest side effects.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of oral traditional Chinese medicine combined with standard therapy in treating mild to moderate COVID-19 was significantly superior to standard therapy alone. However, the limited quality of evidence reduces the reliability of the meta-analysis.}, }
@article {pmid39693007, year = {2025}, author = {Nagib, M and Sayed, AM and Korany, AH and Abdelkader, K and Shari, FH and Mackay, WG and Rateb, ME}, title = {Human Defensins: Structure, Function, and Potential as Therapeutic Antimicrobial Agents with Highlights Against SARS CoV-2.}, journal = {Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {1563-1583}, pmid = {39693007}, issn = {1867-1314}, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; *Defensins/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; alpha-Defensins/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/virology ; }, abstract = {The human defensins are a group of cationic antimicrobial peptides that range in size from 2 to 5 kDa and share a common structural motif of six disulphide-linked cysteines. Several naturally occurring human α- and β-defensins have been identified over the past two decades. They have a wide variety of antimicrobial effects, and their potential to avoid the development of resistance to antimicrobial treatment makes them attractive as therapeutic agents. Human defensins have recently been the focus of medical and molecular biology studies due to their promising application in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. This work aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current developments of human defensins, including their identification, categorization, molecular features, expression, modes of action, and potential application in medical settings. Current obstacles and future opportunities for using human defensins are also covered. Furthermore, we shed light on the potential of this class as an antiviral agent, particularly against SARS CoV-2, by providing an in silico-based investigation of their plausible mechanisms of action.}, }
@article {pmid39692912, year = {2024}, author = {Rustagi, V and Gupta, SRR and Talwar, C and Singh, A and Xiao, ZZ and Jamwal, R and Bala, K and Bhaskar, AK and Nagar, S and Singh, IK}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and post-vaccination severity: a systematic review.}, journal = {Immunologic research}, volume = {73}, number = {1}, pages = {17}, pmid = {39692912}, issn = {1559-0755}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome/etiology/immunology ; *Vaccination/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {Currently, COVID-19 is still striking after 4 years of prevalence, with millions of cases and thousands of fatalities being recorded every month. The virus can impact other major organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), cardiovascular, central nervous system, renal, and hepatobiliary systems. The resulting organ dysfunction from SARS-CoV-2 may be attributed to one or a combination of mechanisms, such as direct viral toxicity, disruptions in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), thrombosis, immune dysregulation, and ischemic injury due to vasculitis. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines effectively reduce the severity of the disease, hospitalizations, and mortality. As of October 2024, 13.58 billion vaccine doses have been administered, with an average of 6959 daily doses. Also, the boosters are given after the primary immunization in a homologous and heterologous manner. The vaccines imposed severe potential health side effects such as clotting or obstruction of blood vessels termed arterial or venous thrombosis, autoimmune damage of nerve cells (Guillain-Barré syndrome; GBS), intense activation of coagulation system (vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia), acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), myocarditis, pericarditis, and glomerular disease. Overall, it is essential to highlight that the significant benefits of COVID-19 vaccination far outweigh the low risk of conditions. mRNA-based vaccine technology has emerged as a rapidly deployable vaccine candidate and a viable alternative to existing vaccines. It has a very low probability of adverse health effects, confirmed by data represented by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), Yellow card approved under CDC, WHO.}, }
@article {pmid39692520, year = {2025}, author = {Oumghar, A and Izza, I}, title = {Risk management in Moroccan public hospitals: a literature review.}, journal = {International journal of health care quality assurance}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {1-27}, doi = {10.1108/IJHCQA-08-2023-0057}, pmid = {39692520}, issn = {0952-6862}, mesh = {Morocco/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Hospitals, Public/organization &amp; administration ; *Risk Management/organization &amp; administration ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of risk management practices in the healthcare sector, with a particular focus on identifying challenges and strategies in Moroccan hospitals.<br><br>DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A literature search was carried out on several academic search engines using search terms reflecting the relationship between risk management and public hospitals in Morocco.<br><br>FINDINGS: The Moroccan public hospital is confronted with several disjunctions, which can be sources of multiple risks. This influences the quality of care provided to patients and can sometimes threaten their vital prognosis. The risk management process can help health professionals, researchers and risk managers to be agile and identify and anticipate risks in order to avoid serious accidents that can affect the whole organization, especially after the pandemic lived experiences (COVID-19).<br><br>ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Protecting human life in an environment where risks are omnipresent is a dilemma that every hospital organization must confront. So, risk management in the hospital is not a simple process, given the interaction of several components and the sensitivity of the field. Risk management in this establishment must be rigorous because every error can cost human life. In this sense, the analysis of risk management processes in Moroccan hospitals, based on what really exists, enables the identification of shortcomings in order to master the risk management system and thus protect goods and services as well as human life, which is the ultimate goal of the hospital organization's existence.}, }
@article {pmid39691699, year = {2024}, author = {Vijayan K K, V and De Paris, K}, title = {Nonhuman primate models of pediatric viral diseases.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {1493885}, pmid = {39691699}, issn = {2235-2988}, mesh = {Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; *Virus Diseases/immunology ; *Primates ; Pregnancy ; Female ; COVID-19/immunology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Infant ; HIV Infections/immunology ; Zika Virus Infection/immunology/virology ; Child ; }, abstract = {Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death in infants and children under 5 years of age. In utero exposure to viruses can lead to spontaneous abortion, preterm birth, congenital abnormalities or other developmental defects, often resulting in lifelong health sequalae. The underlying biological mechanisms are difficult to study in humans due to ethical concerns and limited sample access. Nonhuman primates (NHP) are closely related to humans, and pregnancy and immune ontogeny in infants are very similar to humans. Therefore, NHP are a highly relevant model for understanding fetal and postnatal virus-host interactions and to define immune mechanisms associated with increased morbidity and mortality in infants. We will discuss NHP models of viruses causing congenital infections, respiratory diseases in early life, and HIV. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains the most common cause of congenital defects worldwide. Measles is a vaccine-preventable disease, yet measles cases are resurging. Zika is an example of an emerging arbovirus with devastating consequences for the developing fetus and the surviving infant. Among the respiratory viruses, we will discuss influenza and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We will finish with HIV as an example of a lifelong infection without a cure or vaccine. The review will highlight (i) the impact of viral infections on fetal and infant immune development, (ii) how differences in infant and adult immune responses to infection alter disease outcome, and emphasize the invaluable contribution of pediatric NHP infection models to the design of effective treatment and prevention strategies, including vaccines, for human infants.}, }
@article {pmid39691679, year = {2024}, author = {Gebeyehu Wondmeneh, T and Wogris, M}, title = {Depression and anxiety among pregnant women during COVID 19 pandemic in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in global women's health}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {1453157}, pmid = {39691679}, issn = {2673-5059}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease-19 pandemic had an adverse impact on the mental health of the public worldwide, but the problem is worst among pregnant women due to social distancing policies and mandatory lockdown, including prenatal care services. As a result, the prevalence of depression and anxiety could increase during the pandemic, particularly among pregnant women. Thus, the purpose of this review is to determine the magnitude of depression and anxiety and contributing factors among pregnant women during the pandemic in Ethiopia.<br><br>METHODS: Web of Science, Since Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online were the electronic databases searched, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines were followed in this review. The Newcastle-Ottawa Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the quality of the included studies. A predefined data extraction sheet developed in Excel was used to extract the data. The pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression was determined by a random effect model meta-analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: 4,269 and 1,672 pregnant women were involved in depression and anxiety studies, respectively. The pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia was 24.7% (95% CI: 18.52-30.87) and 35.19% (95% CI: 26.83-43.55), respectively. Single marital status (AOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.22, 95% CI: 1.07-3.37), poor social support (AOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.7, 95% CI: 1.06-4.35), unplanned pregnancies (AOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.17, 95% CI: 1.34-3.0), and unsatisfied marital status (AOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.16, 95% CI: 1.17-3.14) were risk factors for depression. Violence against intimate partners (AOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.87, 95% CI: 1.97-3.77) and poor social support (AOR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.98, 95% CI: 1.24-2.71) were risk factors for anxiety.<br><br>CONCLUSION: One-fourth and nearly one-third of pregnant women had depression and anxiety, respectively, during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia. Single or unsatisfied marital status and unplanned pregnancies were risk factors for depression. Poor social support was significantly associated with depression and anxiety. Pregnant women who experienced violence against intimate partners had higher anxiety. After COVID-19 pandemic, mental health interventions are essential for reducing depression and anxiety.<br><br>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=527148, PROSPERO (CRD42024527148).}, }
@article {pmid39691656, year = {2024}, author = {Kisielinski, K and Wojtasik, B and Zalewska, A and Livermore, DM and Jurczak-Kurek, A}, title = {The bacterial burden of worn face masks-observational research and literature review.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1460981}, pmid = {39691656}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *Masks/statistics &amp; numerical data/microbiology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/transmission ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Bacteria/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; Bacterial Load ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Facemasks were widely mandated during the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Especially the use by the general population is associated with a higher risk of improper handling of the mask and contamination and potential adverse microbiological consequences.<br><br>METHODS: We investigated and quantified bacterial accumulation in facemasks used by the general population, using 16S rRNA (Sanger Sequencing), culture and biochemical analysis along with Rose Bengal staining. Additionally, a systematic overview of the literature on face mask contamination was undertaken.<br><br>RESULTS: We found an average bacterial load of 4.24 &#xd7; 10[4] CFU recovered/mask, with a maximum load of 2.85 &#xd7; 10[5] CFU. This maximum is 310 times higher than the limit value for contamination of ventilation system outlet surfaces specified by the German standard VDI 6022. Biochemical and molecular identification predominantly found Staphylococcus species (80%), including Staphylococcus aureus, along with endospore-forming Bacillus spp. Literature reports also indicate contamination of masks by bacterial and fungal opportunists of the genera Acinetobacter, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Bacillus, Cadosporium, Candida, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Klebsiella (including K. pneumoniae), Micrococcus, Microsporum, Mucor, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Bacterial counts increase linearly with wearing duration.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Prolonged use may affect the skin and respiratory microbiomes, promoting consequential eye, skin, oral and airway conditions. These aspects underscore the urgent need for further research and a risk-benefit analysis in respect of mask use, particularly given their unproven efficacy in disrupting the transmission of respiratory viruses and their adverse social consequences.}, }
@article {pmid39691655, year = {2024}, author = {McArthur, M and Tian, P and Kho, KA and Bhavan, KP and Balasubramanian, BA and Ganguly, AP}, title = {Childcare as a social determinant of access to healthcare: a scoping review.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1443992}, pmid = {39691655}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; *Health Services Accessibility ; *Social Determinants of Health ; *Child Care ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; COVID-19 ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: As health systems strive to screen for and address social determinants of health (SDOH), the role of access to childcare and barriers to healthcare posed by childcare needs remains underexplored. A gap exists in synthesizing existing evidence on the role of access to childcare as a SDOH.<br><br>METHODS: This scoping review aimed to examine and analyze existing literature on the role of childcare needs as a social determinant of access to healthcare. We conducted a structured literature search across PubMed, Scopus, health policy fora, and professional healthcare societies to inclusively aggregate studies across interdisciplinary sources published between January 2000 and June 2023. Two independent reviewers reviewed results to determine inclusions and exclusions. Studies were coded into salient themes utilizing an iterative inductive approach.<br><br>RESULTS: Among 535 search results, 526 met criteria for eligibility screening. Among 526 eligible studies, 91 studies met inclusion criteria for analysis. Five key themes were identified through data analysis: (1) barriers posed by childcare needs to healthcare appointments, (2) the opportunity for alternative care delivery models to overcome childcare barriers, (3) the effect of childcare needs on participation in medical research, (4) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on childcare needs, and (5) the disproportionate burden of childcare experienced by vulnerable populations.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Childcare needs remain underexplored in existing research. Current evidence demonstrates the relevance of childcare needs as a barrier to healthcare access, however dedicated studies are lacking. Future research is needed to understand mechanisms of childcare barriers in access to healthcare and explore potential interventions.}, }
@article {pmid39691490, year = {2024}, author = {Stavar-Matei, L and Mihailov, OM and Nechita, A and Crestez, AM and Tocu, G}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 on Pneumococcal Acute Otitis Media, Antibiotic Resistance, and Vaccination in Children.}, journal = {Infection and drug resistance}, volume = {17}, number = {}, pages = {5567-5578}, pmid = {39691490}, issn = {1178-6973}, abstract = {Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main pathogen that plays a dual role, on the one hand as an asymptomatic carrier in the nasopharyngeal mucosa and on the other hand directly responsible for triggering invasive pneumococcal infections with various important localizations, especially in the pediatric population. Thus, invasive pneumococcal infections represent one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in children under 5 years of age. Immunization is a key preventive measure against these infections. The evolution of these infections caused by S. pneumoniae is influenced both directly and indirectly by several factors: the immunization status of the patient, the regional and seasonal distribution of pneumococcal serotypes, susceptibility to anti-biotics, the existence of viral or bacterial co-infections and the socio-economic conditions specific to each region. This review gathers the current open-access PubMed evidence on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections and their susceptibility to antibiotics in the 0-5 age group during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We have chosen this association with the SARS-COV- 2 virus because this pandemic has caused major changes on all personal, social, professional, and medical levels worldwide. Both pneumococcal disease and COVID-19 have similar risk factors, and S. pneumoniae was one of the most common co-infecting agents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The attention was focused on 8 clinical trials published in the pre- and post COVID-19 period that had as main subject acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children aged 0-5 years. The studies were collected from different geographical regions, both from socio-economically developed and developing countries such as Niger, Malawi, China and Papua New Guinea, Japan, Australia, Italy, in order to have a global overview. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on the quality of life of pediatric patients diagnosed with pneumococcal acute otitis media both in terms of non-vaccine serotypes and antimicrobial resistance.}, }
@article {pmid39691159, year = {2024}, author = {Fallahi, MS and Faridzadeh, A and Salahi, M and Mehrabani, R and Karimi, H and Faraji, A and Imanparvar, S and Falahatian, M and Bayat, M and Norouzkhani, N and Mazhari, SA and Roostaie, M and Sadatmadani, SF and Fathi, M and Behshood, P and Deravi, N}, title = {Digital Health/e-Health Literacy among University Students in the COVID-19 Era: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of medical education and curricular development}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {23821205241262590}, pmid = {39691159}, issn = {2382-1205}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, could be observed an established use of online information in the field of coronavirus disease worldwide. As a systematic review study, the present investigation aimed to evaluate related studies about digital health/e-health literacy among university students in the coronavirus disease 2019 era.<br><br>METHODS: Three electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched from 2020 until June 2022, and articles were screened according to pre-established inclusion criteria.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included in this systematic review study. All of the studies were cross-sectional in design, and in total, 45,255 students were evaluated. The majority of studies report health literacy scores among university students that are lower compared to reference samples. Students' health literacy is influenced by different variables (age, gender, socioeconomic background, sources of online information, well-being, and satisfaction with data).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Digital health literacy (DHL) shapes health behaviors and actions. To enhance DHL, multidisciplinary teams from diverse fields can design curricula suitable for students. The internet's role in DHL is crucial, but it can also spread misleading content. Therefore, professionals should provide clear, evidence-based information and encourage critical data evaluation. Future studies should use robust sampling methods, consider students with limited internet access, and address the unique needs of specific populations, such as those with disabilities and low socioeconomic status.}, }
@article {pmid39691001, year = {2024}, author = {Jain, RS and Pandey, G and Shah, CJ and Sukhani, P and Kabra, U}, title = {Post ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Corona Virus Vaccine (Recombinant) (Covishield) Brachial Plexitis - Report of Two Cases Along with Review of Literature.}, journal = {Neurology India}, volume = {72}, number = {6}, pages = {1254-1258}, doi = {10.4103/ni.ni_1168_21}, pmid = {39691001}, issn = {1998-4022}, mesh = {Humans ; Brachial Plexus Neuritis/etiology ; *ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Various neurological complications have been linked with vaccines ranging from encephalitis, stroke, ADEM to GBS and many more. Although both viral as well as bacterial vaccines have been reported to cause neurological adverse events, brachial plexitis following vaccination is very uncommon. Vaccination drive against COVID-19 was started on 16th Jan 2021 in India. Various adverse events have been reported following vaccination since then. We observed two cases of brachial plexitis following the first dose of the Covishield vaccine. Although the risk-benefit ratio is very low for the COVID-19 vaccine, it is of vital importance for every clinician to be aware of such a rare adverse event.}, }
@article {pmid39690099, year = {2025}, author = {Cai, G and Szalai, E&#xc1; and Martinekova, P and Li, X and Qian, X and Veres, DS and Péterfi, Z and Biswakarma, J and Nagy, R and Mikó, A and Ábrahám, S and Erőss, B and Hegyi, P and Szentesi, A}, title = {Concomitant virus infection increases mortality and worsens outcome of acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.]}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {20-28}, doi = {10.1016/j.pan.2024.12.005}, pmid = {39690099}, issn = {1424-3911}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/mortality ; *Pancreatitis/mortality/complications/virology ; *HIV Infections/complications/mortality ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hospital Mortality ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a major health threat, with a high mortality rate in severe forms. Though alcohol and bile-induced factors are the most common causes, increasing evidence suggests that viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may also trigger AP development. Our study aims to explore this association in greater detail.<br><br>METHODS: After the PROSPERO registration, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Science and Technology Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform in February 2023. We included studies with the following PECO framework: Population: AP patients, Exposure/Comparison: with/without virus infection, Outcome: mortality, severity, and complications of AP. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated with 95&#xa0;% confidence intervals (CIs).<br><br>RESULTS: Altogether, 29 cohorts with 2,295,172 patients were identified for the meta-analysis and 858 cases for the qualitative synthesis. Patients with concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection and AP exhibited heightened odds of in-hospital mortality (OR: 3.15, CI: 2.08-4.76), and necrosis (OR: 1.83, CI: 1.13-2.97). Mild AP was less prevalent in the SARS-CoV-2 group (OR: 0.37, CI: 0.14-0.97) compared to moderately severe and severe AP together. Contrarily, no evidence was found that concomitant HIV infection elevated in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.12, CI: 0.92-1.37) or sepsis occurrence (OR:1.21, CI: 0.41-3.59).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Patients co-diagnosed with AP and SARS-CoV-2 infection require heightened attention due to an increased risk of mortality and complications. No evidence was found that HIV infection elevated the risk of a more severe outcome.}, }
@article {pmid39689947, year = {2025}, author = {Domingo, E and Martínez-González, B and Somovilla, P and García-Crespo, C and Soria, ME and de Ávila, AI and Gadea, I and Perales, C}, title = {A general and biomedical perspective of viral quasispecies.}, journal = {RNA (New York, N.Y.)}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {429-443}, pmid = {39689947}, issn = {1469-9001}, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/pathogenicity ; *Quasispecies/genetics ; *COVID-19/virology/epidemiology ; Genome, Viral ; Mutation ; Virus Replication/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; }, abstract = {Viral quasispecies refers to the complex and dynamic mutant distributions (also termed mutant spectra, clouds, or swarms) that arise as a result of high error rates during RNA genome replication. The mutant spectrum of individual RNA virus populations is modified by continuous generation of variant genomes, competition and interactions among them, environmental influences, bottleneck events, and bloc transmission of viral particles. Quasispecies dynamics provides a new perspective on how viruses adapt, evolve, and cause disease, and sheds light on strategies to combat them. Molecular flexibility, together with ample opportunity of mutant cloud traffic in our global world, are key ingredients of viral disease emergences, as exemplified by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In the present article, we present a brief overview of the molecular basis of mutant swarm formation and dynamics, and how the latter relates to viral disease and epidemic spread. We outline future challenges derived of the highly diverse cellular world in which viruses are necessarily installed.}, }
@article {pmid39689884, year = {2024}, author = {Teitelbaum, CS and Ferraz, A and De La Cruz, SEW and Gilmour, ME and Brosnan, IG}, title = {The potential of remote sensing for improved infectious disease ecology research and practice.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {291}, number = {2037}, pages = {20241712}, pmid = {39689884}, issn = {1471-2954}, mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; Birds/virology ; Communicable Diseases/veterinary/transmission/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/transmission ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; *Ecology/instrumentation/methods ; Ecosystem ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/transmission ; *Remote Sensing Technology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Outbreaks of COVID-19 in humans, Dutch elm disease in forests, and highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds and poultry highlight the disruptive impacts of infectious diseases on public health, ecosystems and economies. Infectious disease dynamics often depend on environmental conditions that drive occurrence, transmission and outbreaks. Remote sensing can contribute to infectious disease research and management by providing standardized environmental data across broad spatial and temporal extents, often at no cost to the user. Here, we (i) conduct a review of primary literature to quantify current uses of remote sensing in disease ecology; and (ii) synthesize qualitative information to identify opportunities for further integration of remote sensing into disease ecology. We identify that modern advances in airborne remote sensing are enabling early detection of forest pathogens and that satellite data are most commonly used to study geographically widespread human diseases. Opportunities remain for increased use of data products that characterize vegetation, surface water and soil; provide data at high spatio-temporal and spectral resolutions; and quantify uncertainty in measurements. Additionally, combining remote sensing with animal telemetry can support decision-making for disease management by providing insights into wildlife disease dynamics. Integrating these opportunities will advance both research and management of infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39689701, year = {2025}, author = {Francese, R and Rittà, M and Lembo, D and Donalisio, M}, title = {Lupus and SARS-CoV-2: What have we learned after the pandemic?.}, journal = {Lupus}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, pages = {117-132}, doi = {10.1177/09612033241309845}, pmid = {39689701}, issn = {1477-0962}, mesh = {Humans ; *Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology/immunology/complications/therapy ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy/immunology/prevention &amp; control/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {After the end of the COVID-19 public health emergency, we analysed the relationship between Systemic Lupus Erythematosous (SLE) and COVID-19 from the virologist's perspective based on recent findings. SLE and COVID-19 co-morbidity present unique challenges, as individuals with SLE may be at increased risk for severe COVID-19 illness due to immune system abnormalities and ongoing therapies. Effective management of both diseases requires careful monitoring, adherence to vaccination programs, preventive measures and approved and patient-tailored therapies. This review covers various aspects, including the clinical outcome of SLE patients infected by SARS-CoV-2, the impact of this infection on SLE onset or flare-ups and the benefits of vaccination for this population. Furthermore, this review presents the most recent recommendations on clinical management of COVID-19 in rheumatic patients, including those with SLE, discussing the currently available therapeutic options. Finally, we explore the most effective tools for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in autoimmune conditions and examine prognostic biomarkers in COVID-19 rheumatic patients with potential implications on their clinical oversight. By adopting a comprehensive approach, we address these complexities from the virologist's perspective, aiming to improve health care for this vulnerable population.}, }
@article {pmid39689472, year = {2025}, author = {Zhang, J and Cheng, L and Li, H and Chen, X and Zhang, L and Shan, T and Wang, J and Chen, D and Shen, J and Zhou, X and Gou, L and Zhang, L and Zhou, X and Ren, B}, title = {Challenges of quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agents: Mechanisms, resistance, persistence and impacts on the microecology.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {958}, number = {}, pages = {178020}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178020}, pmid = {39689472}, issn = {1879-1026}, mesh = {*Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology ; *Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Humans ; }, abstract = {Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) served as broad spectrum antimicrobial agents are widely applied for surface disinfection, skin and mucous disinfection, and mouthwash. The daily applications of QACs have significantly increased, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the environmental residues of QACs have demonstrated harmful impacts on the environment, leading to an increase in environmental contamination, resistant microbes and disruption of microecology. The actions of QACs were related to their cationic character, which can impact the negatively charged cell membranes, but the details are still unclear. Moreover, bacteria with lower sensitivity and resistant pathogens have been detected in clinics and environments, while QACs were also reported to induce the formation of bacterial persisters. Even worse, the resistant bacteria even showed co-resistance and cross-resistance with traditional antibiotics, decreasing therapeutic effectiveness, and disrupting the microecology homeostasis. Unfortunately, the resistance and persistence mechanisms of QACs and the effects of QACs on microecology are still not clear, which even neglected during their daily usages. Therefore, we summarized and discussed current understandings on the antimicrobial actions, resistance, persistence and impacts on the microecology to highlight the challenges in the QACs applications and discuss the possible strategies for overcoming their drawbacks.}, }
@article {pmid39689411, year = {2025}, author = {Alshamrani, M and Farahat, F and Albarrak, A and El-Saed, A and Shibl, AM and Memish, ZA and Mousa, M and Haridy, H and Althaqafi, A}, title = {Narrative review of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in Middle Eastern countries and the need to vaccinate against preventable diseases.}, journal = {Journal of infection and public health}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {102600}, doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102600}, pmid = {39689411}, issn = {1876-035X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Coinfection/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/complications ; Middle East/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Bacterial Infections/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Mycoses/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Vaccination/statistics &amp; numerical data ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Vaccine-Preventable Diseases/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; }, abstract = {This review evaluated the frequency of, and outcomes associated with, bacterial, fungal, and viral coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 in Middle Eastern countries via a PubMed search through February 2023. Ninety articles reported bacterial (n = 57), fungal (n = 32), and viral (n = 32) coinfections. High frequencies of coinfection with COVID-19 were identified, with rates and outcomes varying by setting, pathogen, surveillance/detection method, population characteristics, and drug-resistance status. Mortality rates were higher in patients with community-acquired (10.0 -42.9 %) and hospital-acquired (51.5 -66 %) bacterial coinfection versus those without (10.5 -21.7 %). Outcomes were worse with than without fungal coinfection, and fatality rates with mucormycosis coinfection reached 66.7 %. Outcomes with viral coinfection were highly variable; however, some data suggested a positive corelation between COVID-19 severity and influenza A and adenovirus coinfection. The negative outcomes associated with bacterial, fungal and some viral coinfections in individuals with COVID-19 support regular vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases caused by these pathogens, especially among at-risk populations.}, }
@article {pmid39689254, year = {2025}, author = {Alijanzadeh, D and Karimi, H and Masoumi, N and Kazemzadeh, K and Samieefar, N and Mesdaghi, M}, title = {Polio outbreaks in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era: causes and solutions.}, journal = {Pathogens and global health}, volume = {119}, number = {1-2}, pages = {60-72}, pmid = {39689254}, issn = {2047-7732}, mesh = {Humans ; *Poliomyelitis/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Immunization Programs ; Disease Eradication ; Vaccination ; Poliovirus Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Pandemics ; Poliovirus/immunology ; Global Health ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted polio immunization programs worldwide. The consequences of these programs' suspension were not fully presented during the COVID-19 pandemic, as some take time to present in a population. We conducted a narrative review to provide a perspective of current literature on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on efforts made for poliomyelitis eradication. An overview of potential risks of polio outbreaks and areas where wild and vaccine-derived polioviruses have been reported will be presented in this review. Decreased vaccination rate, human and financial resources diversion to tackle COVID-19, and polio surveillance suspension during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to creating an immunity gap and increasing the risk of polio outbreaks in at-risk areas. Approaches for integrating immunization efforts with educating the general population, engaging religious leaders, and solving gender disparities to fill the gap that have been made during the pandemic. The path to control polio should engage different levels of policy-making, and governments of affected countries play crucial roles. Strong interdisciplinary collaboration and dedicated efforts are needed to inform policymakers and encourage the public to follow vaccination programs.}, }
@article {pmid39689211, year = {2024}, author = {Varyvonchyk, DV and Yavorovskyi, &#x41e;P and Petrovska, OS and Ustinova, LA and Kalashnikov, AA and Kurdil, NV and Palamar, BI}, title = {Occupational safety of healthcare workers in the terms of the Covid-19 pandemic as the public health aspect.}, journal = {Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego}, volume = {52}, number = {5}, pages = {604-609}, doi = {10.36740/Merkur202405120}, pmid = {39689211}, issn = {1426-9686}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/transmission ; *Health Personnel/standards/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Infection Control/methods/standards ; *Occupational Health/standards ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Personal Protective Equipment/standards/supply &amp; distribution ; Public Health/standards ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Ukraine/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Aim: To assess the level of occupational safety, health and hygiene of healthcare workers in the terms of the COVID-19 pandemic..<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: bibliosemantic, bibliographic, analytical, statistical methods as well as a systemic approach have been used in the research. The data of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the State Labour Service and the scientific research findings from open sources have been analyzed.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The safety of healthcare workers with regard to infection is essential for a secure hospital environment. From an infection prevention perspective, PPE and sanitary requirements are fundamental to ensuring a safe environment for healthcare workers. The analysis revealed inadequate provision of PPE for healthcare workers during the pandemic, with levels ranging from 61,25% to 63,63%. The risk of contracting the novel coronavirus among healthcare personel during the pandemic was 12 times higher than in the general population. The risk of developing an occupational disease among those who treated patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 was 58,1 times higher. The analysis revealed that the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) to healthcare workers during the study period was only two-thirds of the required amount, which consequently elevated the risk and incidence of morbidity among healthcare workers.}, }
@article {pmid39688608, year = {2025}, author = {Tsionis, A and Stefanatou, P and Konstantakopoulos, G}, title = {Under pressure: A systematic review of the mental health impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health workers.}, journal = {Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {55-71}, doi = {10.22365/jpsych.2024.025}, pmid = {39688608}, issn = {1105-2333}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; *Mental Health ; Anxiety/epidemiology/psychology ; Burnout, Professional/epidemiology/psychology ; Depression/epidemiology/psychology ; Pandemics ; Female ; Male ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic emerged suddenly, profoundly impacting the lives of us all, including mental health workers (MHW). This unprecedented crisis introduced significant challenges for MHW, exposing them to increased risks of psychological distress. This systematic review aims to evaluate the psychopathological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on MHW. Additionally, it seeks to explore factors-social, regional, occupational, and others-influencing these effects. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase databases following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 2621 citations were screened, with 29 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for analysis. Our review focused exclusively on studies utilizing validated measurement tools to ensure reliability. Our findings revealed a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, trauma-related disorders, and burnout among mental health nurses and other MHW during the COVID-19 pandemic, with significant variations based on regional, occupational, gender, and other demographic factors. Depressive symptoms ranged from 16.8% to 52.2%, and anxiety levels varied from 9.7% to 63% among MHW. Interestingly, MHW exhibited lower rates of depression and anxiety compared to other healthcare workers and the general population, possibly indicating higher resilience. Factors such as younger age, female gender, profession, work setting, fear of COVID-19, and workload were associated with increased psychological distress. Our review also underscores the need for more systematically accurate trauma research, particularly in how trauma is defined and assessed during global crises. While the consistency in study findings highlights the considerable effect of the pandemic, we observed differences that suggest the influence of multiple interacting factors. The lack of longitudinal studies and comparative data limits the ability to determine changes over time and differences with other groups. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the mental health of those responsible for caring for the mental health of others, with considerable variations influenced by multiple interacting factors. Our findings highlight the critical need for protective protocols and psychological support systems to mitigate adverse effects on MHW during global crises. The variance in impact across different countries, in relation to local, political, cultural, and other factors, provides a foundation for future research.}, }
@article {pmid39688606, year = {2025}, author = {Deli, D and Tsouvelas, G and Roukas, D and Mentis, M}, title = {A systematic review of depressive and anxiety symptoms in caregivers of dementia patients.}, journal = {Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {72-80}, doi = {10.22365/jpsych.2024.023}, pmid = {39688606}, issn = {1105-2333}, mesh = {Humans ; *Caregivers/psychology ; *Dementia/psychology/nursing ; *Anxiety/epidemiology/psychology ; *Depression/epidemiology/psychology ; Quality of Life/psychology ; COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; Female ; Male ; Caregiver Burden/psychology ; Prevalence ; }, abstract = {The current number of dementia cases in Europe stands at 7.7 million, a figure projected to double by 2050. Caregivers of individuals with dementia experience a heightened burden compared to those caring for other chronically ill individuals, increasing the risk of depression and stress disorders. This systematic literature review, following PRISMA guidelines, explores the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in dementia caregivers. Searches in academic databases, restricted to studies from the last 15 years, identified 85 articles with 16 meeting the inclusion criteria. Results indicate significant caregiver burden, diminished self-reported quality of life, and a propensity for clinical depression. Depression and anxiety symptoms were more pronounced among female caregivers. Caregiver depression correlated with increased emergency department utilization by dementia patients, with a surge in depressive symptoms reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Caregiving for dementia patients was associated with burnout, adversely impacting caregiver quality of life. Depression and anxiety symptoms in caregivers correlated with substance use. Sociodemographic variables, including low socioeconomic status, high urbanization levels, and older age, were associated with caregiver depression. Caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease reported higher anxiety, burden, and depression scores compared to those assisting individuals with other dementias, particularly when neuropsychiatric symptoms were evident. The identification of the factors that are linked to the mental burden of caregivers allows mental health professionals to enhance symptom detection and provide tailored support, ultimately alleviating caregiver burden and improving dementia care quality. Systematic professional assistance and training opportunities through health policies can effectively alleviate caregiver burden.}, }
@article {pmid39686505, year = {2024}, author = {Qi, S and Chen, S and Witte, D and Molenberghs, G and Zhang, Q and Gu, H and Gao, Y}, title = {Laboratory biosafety: A visual analysis in the web of science database from 2000 to 2022: A review.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {103}, number = {50}, pages = {e40791}, pmid = {39686505}, issn = {1536-5964}, support = {2022C03124//the Major Social Welfare Project of Zhejiang Province/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Containment of Biohazards/methods ; *Laboratories ; Databases, Factual ; China/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {To conduct a visual analysis of institutional publications, individual publications and publication keywords in the field of laboratory biosafety using the Web of Science database from 2000 to 2022.VOSviewer 1.6.18 was used to study the relation between paper authors, and CiteSpace 6.1.R6 was used to visualize the collaboration between the paper institutions, the paper keywords and the timeline. The main research institutions included the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA), and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China). The collaboration between the research institutions was limited and dispersed. Each of the main study teams is led by Feldmann Heinz, Peter B. Jahrling, Roger Hewson, and Li Na. Infection, identification, and outbreak are the keywords that appear more often and are also of higher importance in publications. The citation burst of keywords varies over time: outbreak, resistance, and polymerase chain reaction from 2004 to 2012; gene, cells, and Ebola from 2013 to 2017; and spread, safety, coronavirus, and African swine fever from 2018 to 2022. The centralization of research teams and individuals in laboratory biosafety is not conducive to the growth of disciplinary diversity. These publication keywords are mainly align with significant social events, scientific and technological development trends, and national strategic needs. This paper advocates for a more balanced allocation of resources and collaboration opportunities to foster diversity and address emerging challenges in the field of laboratory biosafety.}, }
@article {pmid39685817, year = {2024}, author = {Fogliazza, F and Sambati, V and Iovane, B and Lazzeroni, P and Street, ME and Esposito, S}, title = {Telemedicine for Managing Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {13}, number = {23}, pages = {}, pmid = {39685817}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has catalyzed the rapid expansion of telemedicine for managing chronic conditions such as type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents. This narrative review aims to explore the role of telemedicine in pediatric T1D management by comparing its use before and after the pandemic. We conducted a comprehensive literature review covering studies published between 2000 and 2024, focusing on telemedicine applications in pediatric T1D care. The review includes clinical trials, systematic reviews, and observational studies examining telemedicine's impact on glycemic control, patient satisfaction, and healthcare delivery. Results reveal that telemedicine has enhanced access to care, improved glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and reduced diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemic events. Patients and caregivers expressed high satisfaction, especially when using continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pump technologies integrated with telemedicine platforms. However, challenges such as digital literacy gaps, variability in healthcare provider training, and logistical issues like reimbursement policies persist. The pandemic highlighted the potential of telemedicine to supplement traditional in-person care, showing promise in enhancing patient outcomes and reducing healthcare burdens. Further research is needed to optimize telemedicine models for T1D, addressing barriers to implementation and exploring its long-term cost-effectiveness. This review underscores telemedicine's evolving role as a complementary approach in managing pediatric T1D, advocating for the development of standardized care protocols to fully integrate digital health solutions into routine clinical practice.}, }
@article {pmid39685583, year = {2024}, author = {Serapide, F and Talarico, M and Rotundo, S and Pascale, V and Serraino, R and Trecarichi, EM and Russo, A}, title = {Lights and Shadows of Long COVID: Are Latent Infections the Real Hidden Enemy?.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {13}, number = {23}, pages = {}, pmid = {39685583}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Long COVID-19 (LC) is a poorly understood, multifactorial condition that persists for at least three months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the wide range of associated symptoms-including fatigue, brain fog, and respiratory issues-remain unclear. However, emerging evidence suggests that the reactivation of latent viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus, may significantly contribute to the complexity of LC. These latent viruses can be reactivated by SARS-CoV-2, contributing to a chronic inflammatory state that prolongs symptomatology. This review confirms the potential involvement of latent viral infections in LC and examines whether these infections play an independent role or act synergistically with other factors. In addition, recent studies have highlighted viral persistence and immune dysregulation as key elements in LC. Our findings suggest that preventative strategies, including vaccination and antiviral treatments during the acute phase of COVID-19, show potential in reducing LC risk by preventing viral reactivation. However, tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting these latent infections are urgently needed. Identifying biomarkers of viral reactivation, particularly for high-risk populations, could be considered another effective strategy to mitigate LC severity. Further research is crucial to better understand the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and latent infections, and to improve the prevention and treatment of LC.}, }
@article {pmid39684988, year = {2024}, author = {Negucioiu, M and Buduru, S and Ghiz, S and Kui, A and Șoicu, S and Buduru, R and Sava, S}, title = {Prevalence and Management of Burnout Among Dental Professionals Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {12}, number = {23}, pages = {}, pmid = {39684988}, issn = {2227-9032}, support = {internal funding//"Iuliu Ha&#x21b;ieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania./ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome represents a significant challenge in healthcare, impacting dental professionals globally across all geographic, demographic, or socioeconomic backgrounds. Pervasive work-related stress and insufficient management practices highlight the urgent need for enhanced awareness and targeted interventions.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the prevalence, causes, and impacts of burnout among dental professionals and to explore the effectiveness of various occupational health interventions aimed at managing and preventing burnout in the dental sector during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines, searching electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, from January 2014 to April 2024. The eligibility criteria included studies reporting on the prevalence of burnout, interventions to reduce burnout, and the impact of burnout on dental practices. A quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies.<br><br>RESULTS: The findings indicate high levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment among dental practitioners, with significant variations influenced by workplace factors, professional relationships, and pandemic-related stresses. Differential effects based on educational level and age were also evident.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the urgent need for targeted public health initiatives and occupational health strategies to address and mitigate burnout in dentistry. Emphasizing professional relationships and workplace dynamics could play a crucial role in the prevention and management of burnout (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024586616).}, }
@article {pmid39684504, year = {2024}, author = {Niazi, SK and Magoola, M}, title = {Advancing Therapeutic and Vaccine Proteins: Switching from Recombinant to Ribosomal Delivery-A Humanitarian Cause.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {25}, number = {23}, pages = {}, pmid = {39684504}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use ; *Ribosomes/metabolism/genetics ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/virology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; }, abstract = {Recombinant therapeutic and vaccine proteins have revolutionized healthcare, but there remain challenges, as many are awaiting development due to their slow development speed and high development cost. Cell-free in vivo ribosomes offer one choice, but they come with similar constraints. The validation of in vivo messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has been accomplished for COVID-19 vaccines. The bioreactors inside the body, the ribosomes, deliver these proteins at a small cost, since these are chemical products and do not require extensive analytical and regulatory exercises. In this study, we test and validate the final product. A smaller fraction of the recombinant protein cost is needed, removing both constraints. Although thousands of in vivo mRNA products are under development, their regulatory classification remains unresolved: do they qualify as chemical drugs, biological drug, or gene therapy items? These questions will soon be resolved. Additionally, how would the copies of approved in vivo mRNA protein products be brought in, and how would they be treated: as new drugs, generic drugs, or new biological drugs? Researchers are currently working to answer these questions. Regardless, these products' cost of goods (COGs) remains much smaller than that of ex vivo mRNA or recombinant products. This is necessary to meet the needs of the approximately 6.5 billion people around the world who do not have access to biological drugs; these products will indeed serve the dire needs of humanity. Given the minor cost of establishing the manufacturing of these products, it will also prove financially attractive to investors.}, }
@article {pmid39684447, year = {2024}, author = {Bukowska, B}, title = {Current and Potential Use of Biologically Active Compounds Derived from Cannabis sativa L. in the Treatment of Selected Diseases.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {25}, number = {23}, pages = {}, pmid = {39684447}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {B2011000000191.01//University of Lodz/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Cannabis/chemistry ; Cannabinoids/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Animals ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology/therapeutic use/chemistry ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19/virology ; Cannabidiol/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; }, abstract = {Cannabis sativa L. contains numerous compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, including the flavonoids and the cannabinoids, particularly Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabinoids have an effect on the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a cellular communication network, and are, hence, widely studied for medical applications. Epidiolex[®], a 99% pure oral CBD extract, has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of epilepsy. Nabiximols (Sativex) is an oromucosal spray containing equal volume of THC and CBD, and it is commonly used as an add-on treatment for unresponsive spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have also shown that cannabinoids can be used to treat various types of cancer, such as melanoma and brain glioblastoma; the first positive clinical trials on the anticancer effect of a THC:CBD blend with temozolomide (TMZ) in the treatment of highly invasive brain cancer are very promising. The cannabinoids exert their anticancer properties in in vitro investigations by the induction of cell death, mainly by apoptosis and cytotoxic autophagy, and the inhibition of cell proliferation. In several studies, cannabinoids have been found to induce tumor regression and inhibit angiogenic mechanisms in vitro and in vivo, as well as in two low-numbered epidemiological studies. They also exhibit antiviral effects by inhibiting ACE2 transcription, blocking viral replication and fusion, and acting as anti-inflammatory agents; indeed, prior CBD consumption (a study of 93,565 persons in Chicago) has also been associated with a much lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections. It is postulated that cannabis extracts can be used in the treatment of many other diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, or various types of neurological disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this review is to outline the current state of knowledge regarding currently used medicinal preparations derived from C. sativa L. in the treatment of selected cancer and viral diseases, and to present the latest research on the potential applications of its secondary metabolites.}, }
@article {pmid39684407, year = {2024}, author = {Haseltine, WA and Patarca, R}, title = {The RNA Revolution in the Central Molecular Biology Dogma Evolution.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {25}, number = {23}, pages = {}, pmid = {39684407}, issn = {1422-0067}, mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; Genome, Human ; Molecular Biology/methods ; Phenotype ; *RNA/genetics/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Human genome projects in the 1990s identified about 20,000 protein-coding sequences. We are now in the RNA revolution, propelled by the realization that genes determine phenotype beyond the foundational central molecular biology dogma, stating that inherited linear pieces of DNA are transcribed to RNAs and translated into proteins. Crucially, over 95% of the genome, initially considered junk DNA between protein-coding genes, encodes essential, functionally diverse non-protein-coding RNAs, raising the gene count by at least one order of magnitude. Most inherited phenotype-determining changes in DNA are in regulatory areas that control RNA and regulatory sequences. RNAs can directly or indirectly determine phenotypes by regulating protein and RNA function, transferring information within and between organisms, and generating DNA. RNAs also exhibit high structural, functional, and biomolecular interaction plasticity and are modified via editing, methylation, glycosylation, and other mechanisms, which bestow them with diverse intra- and extracellular functions without altering the underlying DNA. RNA is, therefore, currently considered the primary determinant of cellular to populational functional diversity, disease-linked and biomolecular structural variations, and cell function regulation. As demonstrated by RNA-based coronavirus vaccines' success, RNA technology is transforming medicine, agriculture, and industry, as did the advent of recombinant DNA technology in the 1980s.}, }
@article {pmid39684373, year = {2024}, author = {Grabiński, W and Karachitos, A and Kicińska, A}, title = {Backstage Heroes-Yeast in COVID-19 Research.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {25}, number = {23}, pages = {}, pmid = {39684373}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {6/2020 "Research on COVID-19"//Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna&#x144;, Poland/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/drug effects ; *COVID-19/virology/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism/immunology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/metabolism/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Drug Discovery/methods ; }, abstract = {The extremely rapid development of understanding and technology that led to the containment of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted from collaborative efforts in the fields of Betacoronavirus pandemicum (SARS-CoV-2) biology, pharmacology, vaccinology, and medicine. Perhaps surprisingly, much of the research was conducted using simple and efficient yeast models. In this manuscript, we describe how yeast, eukaryotic microorganisms, have been used to research this global challenge, focusing on the therapeutic potential of the studies discussed herein. Thus, we outline the role of yeast in studying viral protein interactions with the host cell proteome, including the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein to the human ACE2 receptor and its modulation. The production and exploration of viral antigens in yeast systems, which led to the development of two approved COVID-19 vaccines, are also detailed. Moreover, yeast platforms facilitating the discovery and production of single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) against SARS-CoV-2 are described. Methods guiding modern and efficient drug discovery are explained at length. In particular, we focus on studies designed to search for inhibitors of the main protease (Mpro), a unique target for anti-coronaviral therapies. We highlight the adaptability of the techniques used, providing opportunities for rapid modification and implementation alongside the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Approaches introduced in yeast systems that may have universal potential application in studies of emerging viral diseases are also described.}, }
@article {pmid39683724, year = {2024}, author = {Barghash, RF and Gemmati, D and Awad, AM and Elbakry, MMM and Tisato, V and Awad, K and Singh, AV}, title = {Navigating the COVID-19 Therapeutic Landscape: Unveiling Novel Perspectives on FDA-Approved Medications, Vaccination Targets, and Emerging Novel Strategies.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {29}, number = {23}, pages = {}, pmid = {39683724}, issn = {1420-3049}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/immunology ; *Drug Repositioning ; Drug Approval ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/virology/epidemiology ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; United States/epidemiology ; Vaccination ; }, abstract = {Amidst the ongoing global challenge of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the quest for effective antiviral medications remains paramount. This comprehensive review delves into the dynamic landscape of FDA-approved medications repurposed for COVID-19, categorized as antiviral and non-antiviral agents. Our focus extends beyond conventional narratives, encompassing vaccination targets, repurposing efficacy, clinical studies, innovative treatment modalities, and future outlooks. Unveiling the genomic intricacies of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the WHO-designated Omicron variant, we explore diverse antiviral categories such as fusion inhibitors, protease inhibitors, transcription inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase, and non-antiviral interventions like importin α/β1-mediated nuclear import inhibitors, neutralizing antibodies, and convalescent plasma. Notably, Molnupiravir emerges as a pivotal player, now licensed in the UK. This review offers a fresh perspective on the historical evolution of COVID-19 therapeutics, from repurposing endeavors to the latest developments in oral anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatments, ushering in a new era of hope in the battle against the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39683693, year = {2024}, author = {Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha, D and Munonde, TS}, title = {Review of the Integrated Approaches for Monitoring and Treating Parabens in Water Matrices.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {29}, number = {23}, pages = {}, pmid = {39683693}, issn = {1420-3049}, mesh = {Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Liquid-Liquid Extraction/methods ; *Parabens/analysis ; Solid Phase Extraction/methods ; Wastewater/chemistry/analysis ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Purification/methods ; }, abstract = {Due to their antibacterial and antifungal properties, parabens are commonly used as biocides and preservatives in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Parabens have been reported to exist in various water matrices at low concentrations, which renders the need for sample preparation before their quantification using analytical techniques. Thus, sample preparation methods such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), rotating-disk sorptive extraction (RDSE), and vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid extraction (VA-DLLE) that are commonly used for parabens extraction and preconcentration have been discussed. As a result of sample preparation methods, analytical techniques now detect parabens at trace levels ranging from µg/L to ng/L. These compounds have been detected in water, air, soil, and human tissues. While the full impact of parabens on human health and ecosystems is still being debated in the scientific community, it is widely recognized that parabens can act as endocrine disruptors. Furthermore, some studies have suggested that parabens may have carcinogenic effects. The presence of parabens in the environment is primarily due to wastewater discharges, which result in widespread contamination and their concentrations increased during the COVID-19 pandemic waves. Neglecting the presence of parabens in water exposes humans to these compounds through contaminated food and drinking water. Although there are reviews that focus on the occurrence, fate, and behavior of parabens in the environment, they frequently overlook critical aspects such as removal methods, policy development, and regulatory frameworks. Addressing this gap, the effective treatment of parabens in water relies on combined approaches that address both cost and operational challenges. Membrane filtration methods, such as nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO), demonstrate high efficacy but are hindered by maintenance and energy costs due to extensive fouling. Innovations in anti-fouling and energy efficiency, coupled with pre-treatment methods like adsorption, help mitigate these costs and enhance scalability. Furthermore, combining adsorption with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) or biological treatments significantly improves economic and energy efficiency. Integrating systems like O3/UV with activated carbon, along with byproduct recovery strategies, further advances circular economy goals by minimizing waste and resource use. This review provides a thorough overview of paraben monitoring in wastewater, current treatment techniques, and the regulatory policies that govern their presence. Furthermore, it provides perspectives that are critical for future scientific investigations and shaping policies aimed at mitigating the risks of parabens in drinking water.}, }
@article {pmid39683569, year = {2024}, author = {Drangert, JO}, title = {City Residents Play a Pivotal Role in Managing Global Food Security While Improving Human Health and Minimizing Environmental Footprints.}, journal = {Nutrients}, volume = {16}, number = {23}, pages = {}, pmid = {39683569}, issn = {2072-6643}, mesh = {Humans ; *Food Security ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Food Supply ; Agriculture/methods ; Cities ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Urban Population ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Global Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Improved global data allow for a new understanding of what impact the food we produce, eat and dispose of has on the environment, human health and Nature's resources. The overall goal is to guide decision-makers and individuals by providing in-depth knowledge about the effects of their dietary preferences on human and environmental health.<br><br>METHODS: The method is to investigate ways to reduce environmental degradation and to secure healthy food supplies in an urbanizing world, and to quantify the options.<br><br>RESULTS: Reviewed articles show that by eating less meat-based food and more plant-based and soilless food, as well as reducing food waste and recycling urban-disposed nutrients as fertilizers, we could reduce agriculture's land requirement by 50% to 70% while still securing a healthy food supply. Less land under cultivation and pasture would reduce global emissions to air and water to a similar extent, and allow Nature to reclaim freed areas in order to catch more carbon and rejuvenate biodiversity. Thus, we could avoid further environmental degradation such as the current clearing of new fields needed under a business-as-usual regime. Presently, some 17 million people die each year due to poor diets, which is more than double the 7 million deaths since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A return to more plant-based diets with unchanged intake of proteins but less calories, sugar, salt and fat combined with less red meat and ultra-processed food would reduce foremost non-communicable diseases by up to 20% and prolong life. The article suggests that the international focus has gradually turned to the food sector's big contribution to climate change, biodiversity loss and harmful chemicals as well as to poor human health. It argues that this century's rapid population growth and urbanization give urban residents a pivotal role in food's impact on agricultural areas, which today cover half of the globe's inhabitable areas. Their food demand, rather than the activities of farmers, fishermen or loggers, will guide remedial measures to be taken by individuals, industry and the public sector. A tool to calculate the potential environmental footprints of individual or societal measures is presented.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Measures to make the agrifood sector more sustainable are still pending full recognition in international fora such as the UN COP Summits. Smart cities fitted with infrastructures to recycle macro- and micro-nutrients and organic matter have the potential to ameliorate human-induced impacts such as emissions to air and water bodies, crossing planetary boundaries, and polluting extraction of N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus) and K (potassium). Rapid results are within reach since dietary change and the turn-around time of nutrients in food is short compared to decades or centuries for recycled materials in cars or buildings.}, }
@article {pmid39682751, year = {2024}, author = {Seo, H and Kim, S and Beck, S and Song, HY}, title = {Perspectives on Microbiome Therapeutics in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Approach Beyond Immunology and Microbiology.}, journal = {Cells}, volume = {13}, number = {23}, pages = {}, pmid = {39682751}, issn = {2073-4409}, support = {RS-2023-00219563//Ministry of Science and ICT/ ; P248400003//Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology/ ; Soonchunhyang University Research Fund//Soonchunhyang University Research Fund/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Microbiota/immunology ; *Probiotics/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/therapy ; Communicable Diseases/microbiology/therapy/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {Although global life expectancy has increased over the past 20 years due to advancements in managing infectious diseases, one-fifth of people still die from infections. In response to this ongoing threat, significant efforts are underway to develop vaccines and antimicrobial agents. However, pathogens evolve resistance mechanisms, complicating their control. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the limitations of focusing solely on the pathogen-killing strategies of immunology and microbiology to address complex, multisystemic infectious diseases. This highlights the urgent need for practical advancements, such as microbiome therapeutics, that address these limitations while complementing traditional approaches. Our review emphasizes key outcomes in the field, including evidence of probiotics reducing disease severity and insights into host-microbiome crosstalk that have informed novel therapeutic strategies. These findings underscore the potential of microbiome-based interventions to promote physiological function alongside existing strategies aimed at enhancing host immune responses and pathogen destruction. This narrative review explores microbiome therapeutics as next-generation treatments for infectious diseases, focusing on the application of probiotics and their role in host-microbiome interactions. While offering a novel perspective grounded in a cooperative defense system, this review also addresses the practical challenges and limitations in translating these advancements into clinical settings.}, }
@article {pmid39682008, year = {2024}, author = {Dafur, GS and Harun, A and Kub, TNT and Bakar, RA and Harun, A}, title = {A Systematic Review on the Antimicrobial Activity of Andrographolide.}, journal = {Journal of microbiology and biotechnology}, volume = {35}, number = {}, pages = {e2408028}, pmid = {39682008}, issn = {1738-8872}, mesh = {*Diterpenes/pharmacology ; *Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Fungi/drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Humans ; Viruses/drug effects ; Andrographis/chemistry ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; }, abstract = {Andrographolide, a bioactive compound from Andrographis paniculata, has gained attention for its antimicrobial properties, which include antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiprotozoal effects. As an herbal extract used in traditional medicines, andrographolide also shows promise for developing new antimicrobial agents, especially in the fight against rising antimicrobial resistance. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 16 peer-reviewed studies published from 2010 to 2024 and focusing on andrographolide's effects on bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa were reviewed. The quality and bias risk of these studies were assessed using the In Vitro Quality Evaluation Instrument to ensure methodological rigor. The findings demonstrate that andrographolide is effective against bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. However, its antifungal efficacy is limited, as it was ineffective against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but effective against Alternaria solani. It exhibited strong antiviral activity against 2019-nCoV, Dengue virus, and Enterovirus D68, and showed antiprotozoal effects against Plasmodium falciparum and Setaria cervi. Nonetheless, variations in its efficacy across different microorganisms were observed. The quality assessment revealed low bias risk in 11 out of 16 studies (78.57% to 92.86%), while the remaining five had medium bias risk (57.14% to 64.29%), indicating an overall acceptable quality of the studies. Information on andrographolide's potential and effectiveness across various microorganisms is crucial. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to synthesize the existing data on andrographolide's antimicrobial activity and assess its potential in combating antimicrobial resistance. This review highlights the need for further research on andrographolide's antifungal activity, mechanisms of action, clinical safety, toxicity, and potential applications in antimicrobial resistance strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39681911, year = {2024}, author = {Tannor, EK and Amuasi, J and Busse, R and Opoku, D and Ofori, E and Gyan, KF and Aikins, M and Hutton-Mensah, K and Opare-Addo, P and Quentin, W}, title = {The impact of COVID-19 on health service utilization in sub-Saharan Africa-a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC global and public health}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {51}, pmid = {39681911}, issn = {2731-913X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite comparatively low rates of COVID-19 admissions and recorded deaths in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the pandemic still had significant impact on health service utilization (HSU). The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize the available evidence of HSU in SSA during the pandemic, focusing on types of studies, changes in HSU compared with the pre-pandemic period, and changes among specific patient groups.<br><br>METHODS: The scoping review was guided by the methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews developed by Arksey and O'Malley. We identified relevant studies through a search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. We then provided a general descriptive overview of the extracted data focusing on the types of studies, patient groups, and change in HSU.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 262 studies reporting on HSU in 39 SSA countries. Studies were mainly quantitative (192; 73.3%), involving multiple centers (163; 62.2%), conducted in hospitals (205; 78.2%), and in urban settings (121; 46.2%). The median number of participants was 836.5 (IQR: 101.5-5897) involving 62.5% females. Most studies (92; 35.1%) focused on communicable diseases and mainly among outpatients (90; 34.2%). Maternal and child health studies formed the largest patient group (58; 22.1%) followed by people living with HIV (32; 12.2%). Change in HSU was reported in 249 (95.0%) studies with 221 (84.4%) studies reporting a decrease in HSU. The median decrease in HSU was 35.6% (IQR: 19.0-55.8) and median increase was 16.2% (IQR: 9.1-31.9). The patient group with the largest percentage decrease was cardiovascular diseases (68.0%; IQR: 16.7-71.1) and the lowest percentage decrease was in patients with infections (27.0%; IQR: 16.6-45.6).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A large body of literature is available on the effects of the pandemic on HSU in SSA. Most studies report decreases in HSU during the pandemic. However, patterns differ widely across disease categories, patient groups, and during different time periods of the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39681899, year = {2024}, author = {MacPherson, P and Shanaube, K and Phiri, MD and Rickman, HM and Horton, KC and Feasey, HRA and Corbett, EL and Burke, RM and Rangaka, MX}, title = {Community-based active-case finding for tuberculosis: navigating a complex minefield.}, journal = {BMC global and public health}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {9}, pmid = {39681899}, issn = {2731-913X}, abstract = {Community-based active case finding (ACF) for tuberculosis (TB) involves an offer of screening to populations at risk of TB, oftentimes with additional health promotion, community engagement and health service strengthening. Recently updated World Health Organization TB screening guidelines conditionally recommend expanded offer of ACF for communities where the prevalence of undiagnosed pulmonary TB is greater than 0.5% among adults, or with other structural risk factors for TB. Subclinical TB is thought to be a major contributor to TB transmission, and ACF, particularly with chest X-ray screening, could lead to earlier diagnosis. However, the evidence base for the population-level impact of ACF is mixed, with effectiveness likely highly dependent on the screening approach used, the intensity with which ACF is delivered, and the success of community- and health-system participation. With recent changes in TB epidemiology due to the effective scale-up of treatment for HIV in Africa, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the importance of subclinical TB, researchers and public health practitioners planning to implement ACF programmes must carefully and repeatedly consider the potential population and individual benefits and harms from these programmes. Here we synthesise evidence and experience from implementing ACF programmes to provide practical guidance, focusing on the selection of populations, screening algorithms, selecting outcomes, and monitoring and evaluation. With careful planning and substantial investment, community-based ACF for TB can be an impactful approach to accelerating progress towards elimination of TB in high-burden countries. However, ACF cannot and should not be a substitute for equitable access to responsive, affordable, accessible primary care services for all.}, }
@article {pmid39681616, year = {2024}, author = {Takefuji, Y}, title = {Nutraceuticals: a promising, yet unregulated Frontier in Healthcare.}, journal = {European journal of clinical nutrition}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {39681616}, issn = {1476-5640}, abstract = {Nutraceuticals, with their potential health benefits, are increasingly being used to manage a variety of health conditions. The global market for nutraceuticals, valued at USD 540 billion in 2022, is projected to reach USD 1025 billion by 2030. This paper delves into the beneficial impacts of emerging nutraceuticals on a spectrum of medical disorders, drawing from credible sources from the National Library of Medicine. We have scrutinized studies on the application of nutraceuticals in treating conditions like sleep disorders, migraines, oxidative stress, mental health issues, pain disorders, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, and even COVID-19. Our analysis indicates that nutraceuticals hold promise for addressing various health issues. However, this paper also sheds light on the health risks associated with nutraceuticals. Despite their widespread use, the safety and efficacy of nutraceuticals are still uncertain due to the lack of stringent regulations, unlike pharmaceutical drugs. This raises concerns about potential health risks and misleading claims. Research indicates that some supplements can cause adverse effects and interact with medications. Therefore, to ensure safe usage, it is imperative to implement stricter regulations, enhance reporting systems, and boost consumer awareness.}, }
@article {pmid39681293, year = {2025}, author = {Meerovich, G and Kogan, E and Romanishkin, I and Zharkov, N and Avraamova, S and Shchelokova, E and Akhlyustina, E and Strakhovskaya, M and Meerovich, I and Demura, S and Tiganova, I and Romanova, Y and Chen, ZL and Reshetov, I}, title = {Potential of photodynamic therapy using polycationic photosensitizers in the treatment of lung cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and bacterial complications: Our recent experience.}, journal = {Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy}, volume = {51}, number = {}, pages = {104447}, doi = {10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104447}, pmid = {39681293}, issn = {1873-1597}, mesh = {Humans ; *Photochemotherapy/methods ; *Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/complications ; *Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy/complications ; Polyelectrolytes ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Bacterial Infections/drug therapy/complications ; }, abstract = {The problem of treating cancer patients with lung cancer has become more difficult due to the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and concomitant bacterial lesions. The analysis shows that the photodynamic effect of long-wavelength polycationic photosensitizers suppresses the tumor process (including the destruction of cancer stem cells), SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including those that can cause pneumonia. Therefore, the photodynamic approach using such photosensitizers is promising for the development of an effective treatment method for patients with lung cancer, including those with SARS-CoV-2 infection and bacterial complications.}, }
@article {pmid39680873, year = {2025}, author = {Díaz de León-Martínez, L and Flores-Rangel, G and Alcántara-Quintana, LE and Mizaikoff, B}, title = {A Review on Long COVID Screening: Challenges and Perspectives Focusing on Exhaled Breath Gas Sensing.}, journal = {ACS sensors}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {1564-1578}, pmid = {39680873}, issn = {2379-3694}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/metabolism ; Breath Tests/methods ; *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Electronic Nose ; Exhalation ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; }, abstract = {Long COVID (LC) is a great global health concern, affecting individuals recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The persistent and varied symptoms across multiple organs complicate diagnosis and management, and an incomplete understanding of the condition hinders advancements in therapeutics. Current diagnostic methods face challenges related to standardization and completeness. To overcome this, new technologies such as sensor-based electronic noses are being explored for LC assessment, offering a noninvasive screening approach via volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensing in exhaled breath. Although specific LC-associated VOCs have not been fully characterized, insights from COVID-19 research suggest their potential as biomarkers. Additionally, AI-driven chemometrics are promising in identifying and predicting outcomes; despite challenges, AI-driven technologies hold the potential to enhance LC evaluation, providing rapid and accurate diagnostics for improved patient care and outcomes. This review underscores the importance of emerging and sensing technologies and comprehensive diagnostic strategies to address screening and treatment challenges in the face of LC.}, }
@article {pmid39680311, year = {2025}, author = {Spinner, CD and Bell, S and Einsele, H and Tremblay, C and Goldman, M and Chagla, Z and Finckh, A and Edwards, CJ and Aurer, I and Launay, O and Casañas I Comabella, C and James, S and Dube, S and Borkowska, K and Jah, F and Kandeil, W and Yokota, RTC and Artaud, C and Gottenberg, JE and Gesualdo, L and Bertrand, D and Arnetorp, S and Magiorkinis, G}, title = {Is COVID-19 Still a Threat? An Expert Opinion Review on the Continued Healthcare Burden in Immunocompromised Individuals.}, journal = {Advances in therapy}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {666-719}, pmid = {39680311}, issn = {1865-8652}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/economics/immunology/psychology/therapy ; *Immunocompromised Host ; Cost of Illness ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Quality of Life ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a profound global impact. The emergence of several variants during the pandemic has presented numerous challenges in preventing and managing this disease. The development of vaccines has played a pivotal role in controlling the pandemic, with a significant portion of the global population being vaccinated. This, along with the emergence of less virulent SARS-CoV-2 variants, has led to a reduction in the severity of COVID-19 outcomes for the overall population. Nevertheless, individuals with immunocompromising conditions continue to face challenges given their suboptimal response to vaccination and vulnerability to severe COVID-19. This expert review synthesizes recent published evidence regarding the economic and human impact of COVID-19 on such individuals. The literature suggests that rates of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and mechanical ventilation use were high during the pre-Omicron era, and remained high during Omicron and later, despite vaccination for this population. Moreover, studies indicated that these individuals experienced a negative impact on their mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to those without immunocompromising conditions, with elevated levels of anxiety, depression, and distress reported. Further, these individuals with immunocompromising conditions experienced substantial costs associated with COVID-19 and loss of income during the pandemic, though the evidence on the economic burden of COVID-19 in such individuals is limited. Generally, COVID-19 has increased healthcare resource use and costs, impaired mental health, and reduced HRQoL in those with varied immunocompromising conditions compared to both those without COVID-19 and the general population-underscoring the importance of continued real-world studies. Ongoing research is crucial to assess the ongoing burden of COVID-19 in vaccinated individuals with immunocompromising conditions who are still at risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes to ensure their needs are not disproportionately worse than the general population.}, }
@article {pmid39679851, year = {2024}, author = {Davenport, C and Arevalo-Rodriguez, I and Mateos-Haro, M and Berhane, S and Dinnes, J and Spijker, R and Buitrago-Garcia, D and Ciapponi, A and Takwoingi, Y and Deeks, JJ and Emperador, D and Leeflang, MMG and Van den Bruel, A and , }, title = {The effect of sample site and collection procedure on identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {CD014780}, pmid = {39679851}, issn = {1469-493X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; *Specimen Handling/methods ; *SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; *Nasopharynx/virology ; *Sensitivity and Specificity ; Oropharynx/virology ; Viral Load ; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/methods ; COVID-19 Testing/methods ; Pharynx/virology ; Nasal Cavity/virology ; Nose/virology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sample collection is a key driver of accuracy in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral load may vary at different anatomical sampling sites and accuracy may be compromised by difficulties obtaining specimens and the expertise of the person taking the sample. It is important to optimise sampling accuracy within cost, safety and accessibility constraints.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To compare the sensitivity of different sampling collection sites and methods for the detection of current SARS-CoV-2 infection with any molecular or antigen-based test.<br><br>SEARCH METHODS: Electronic searches of the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register and the COVID-19 Living Evidence Database from the University of Bern (which includes daily updates from PubMed and Embase and preprints from medRxiv and bioRxiv) were undertaken on 22 February 2022. We included independent evaluations from national reference laboratories, FIND and the Diagnostics Global Health website. We did not apply language restrictions.<br><br>SELECTION CRITERIA: We included studies of symptomatic or asymptomatic people with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection undergoing testing. We included studies of any design that compared results from different sample types (anatomical location, operator, collection device) collected from the same participant within a 24-hour period.<br><br>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Within a sample pair, we defined a reference sample and an index sample collected from the same participant within the same clinical encounter (within 24 hours). Where the sample comparison was different anatomical sites, the reference standard was defined as a nasopharyngeal or combined naso/oropharyngeal sample collected into the same sample container and the index sample as the alternative anatomical site. Where the sample comparison was concerned with differences in the sample collection method from the same site, we defined the reference sample as that closest to standard practice for that sample type. Where the sample pair comparison was concerned with differences in personnel collecting the sample, the more skilled or experienced operator was considered the reference sample. Two review authors independently assessed the risk of bias and applicability concerns using the QUADAS-2 and QUADAS-C checklists, tailored to this review. We present estimates of the difference in the sensitivity (reference sample (%) minus index sample sensitivity (%)) in a pair and as an average across studies for each index sampling method using forest plots and tables. We examined heterogeneity between studies according to population (age, symptom status) and index sample (time post-symptom onset, operator expertise, use of transport medium) characteristics.<br><br>MAIN RESULTS: This review includes 106 studies reporting 154 evaluations and 60,523 sample pair comparisons, of which 11,045 had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ninety evaluations were of saliva samples, 37 nasal, seven oropharyngeal, six gargle, six oral and four combined nasal/oropharyngeal samples. Four evaluations were of the effect of operator expertise on the accuracy of three different sample types. The majority of included evaluations (146) used molecular tests, of which 140 used RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). Eight evaluations were of nasal samples used with Ag-RDTs (rapid antigen tests). The majority of studies were conducted in Europe (35/106, 33%) or the USA (27%) and conducted in dedicated COVID-19 testing clinics or in ambulatory hospital settings (53%). Targeted screening or contact tracing accounted for only 4% of evaluations. Where reported, the majority of evaluations were of adults (91/154, 59%), 28 (18%) were in mixed populations with only seven (4%) in children. The median prevalence of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 was 23% (interquartile (IQR) 13%-40%). Risk of bias and applicability assessment were hampered by poor reporting in 77% and 65% of included studies, respectively. Risk of bias was low across all domains in only 3% of evaluations due to inappropriate inclusion or exclusion criteria, unclear recruitment, lack of blinding, nonrandomised sampling order or differences in testing kit within a sample pair. Sixty-eight percent of evaluation cohorts were judged as being at high or unclear applicability concern either due to inflation of the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in study populations by selectively including individuals with confirmed PCR-positive samples or because there was insufficient detail to allow replication of sample collection. When used with RT-PCR &#x2022; There was no evidence of a difference in sensitivity between gargle and nasopharyngeal samples (on average -1 percentage points, 95% CI -5 to +2, based on 6 evaluations, 2138 sample pairs, of which 389 had SARS-CoV-2). &#x2022; There was no evidence of a difference in sensitivity between saliva collection from the deep throat and nasopharyngeal samples (on average +10 percentage points, 95% CI -1 to +21, based on 2192 sample pairs, of which 730 had SARS-CoV-2). &#x2022; There was evidence that saliva collection using spitting, drooling or salivating was on average -12 percentage points less sensitive (95% CI -16 to -8, based on 27,253 sample pairs, of which 4636 had SARS-CoV-2) compared to nasopharyngeal samples. We did not find any evidence of a difference in the sensitivity of saliva collected using spitting, drooling or salivating (sensitivity difference: range from -13 percentage points (spit) to -21 percentage points (salivate)). &#x2022; Nasal samples (anterior and mid-turbinate collection combined) were, on average, 12 percentage points less sensitive compared to nasopharyngeal samples (95% CI -17 to -7), based on 9291 sample pairs, of which 1485 had SARS-CoV-2. We did not find any evidence of a difference in sensitivity between nasal samples collected from the mid-turbinates (3942 sample pairs) or from the anterior nares (8272 sample pairs). &#x2022; There was evidence that oropharyngeal samples were, on average, 17 percentage points less sensitive than nasopharyngeal samples (95% CI -29 to -5), based on seven evaluations, 2522 sample pairs, of which 511 had SARS-CoV-2. A much smaller volume of evidence was available for combined nasal/oropharyngeal samples and oral samples. Age, symptom status and use of transport media do not appear to affect the sensitivity of saliva samples and nasal samples. When used with Ag-RDTs &#x2022; There was no evidence of a difference in sensitivity between nasal samples compared to nasopharyngeal samples (sensitivity, on average, 0 percentage points -0.2 to +0.2, based on 3688 sample pairs, of which 535 had SARS-CoV-2).<br><br>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: When used with RT-PCR, there is no evidence for a difference in sensitivity of self-collected gargle or deep-throat saliva samples compared to nasopharyngeal samples collected by healthcare workers when used with RT-PCR. Use of these alternative, self-collected sample types has the potential to reduce cost and discomfort and improve the safety of sampling by reducing risk of transmission from aerosol spread which occurs as a result of coughing and gagging during the nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal sample collection procedure. This may, in turn, improve access to and uptake of testing. Other types of saliva, nasal, oral and oropharyngeal samples are, on average, less sensitive compared to healthcare worker-collected nasopharyngeal samples, and it is unlikely that sensitivities of this magnitude would be acceptable for confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection with RT-PCR. When used with Ag-RDTs, there is no evidence of a difference in sensitivity between nasal samples and healthcare worker-collected nasopharyngeal samples for detecting SARS-CoV-2. The implications of this for self-testing are unclear as evaluations did not report whether nasal samples were self-collected or collected by healthcare workers. Further research is needed in asymptomatic individuals, children and in Ag-RDTs, and to investigate the effect of operator expertise on accuracy. Quality assessment of the evidence base underpinning these conclusions was restricted by poor reporting. There is a need for further high-quality studies, adhering to reporting standards for test accuracy studies.}, }
@article {pmid39679561, year = {2025}, author = {Wang, L and Tang, R and Wang, W and Bu, L and Sun, J and Fu, Y and Li, M and Yi, Z}, title = {Recent developments in isothermal amplification technology for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, pages = {652-664}, doi = {10.1039/d4ay01106f}, pmid = {39679561}, issn = {1759-9679}, mesh = {*Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/virology ; *Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; *COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/methods ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; COVID-19 Testing/methods ; }, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread globally, posing a significant threat to human health. Rapid and accurate detection of infectious disease pathogens is of crucial practical significance for early screening, timely intervention, and outbreak prevention. However, conventional diagnostic methods are increasingly unable to meet clinical demands. Recently developed isothermal analysis methods offer mild reaction conditions and reduce dependence on specialized instruments. These convenient, fast, and reliable methods show great promise for diagnosing infectious pathogens, especially for on-site detection in areas without laboratories or with limited resources. Among them, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), which integrate various widely used detection techniques, stand out as rapidly advancing and relatively mature isothermal nucleic acid amplification technologies. This review outlines several representative isothermal amplification technologies and associated detection methods. We summarize the latest advancements in LAMP and RPA technologies for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the future prospects of isothermal amplification in diversified testing.}, }
@article {pmid39679431, year = {2024}, author = {Patel, PM and Green, M and Tram, J and Wang, E and Murphy, MZ and Abd-Elsayed, A and Chakravarthy, K}, title = {Beyond the Pain Management Clinic: The Role of AI-Integrated Remote Patient Monitoring in Chronic Disease Management - A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Journal of pain research}, volume = {17}, number = {}, pages = {4223-4237}, pmid = {39679431}, issn = {1178-7090}, abstract = {Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) stands as a pivotal advancement in patient-centered care, offering substantial improvements in the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of chronic conditions. Through the utilization of advanced digital technologies, RPM facilitates the real-time collection and transmission of critical health data, enabling clinicians to make prompt, informed decisions that enhance patient safety and care, particularly within home environments. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from peer-reviewed studies to evaluate the transformative role of RPM, particularly its integration with Artificial Intelligence (AI), in managing chronic conditions such as heart failure, diabetes, and chronic pain. By highlighting advancements in disease-specific RPM applications, the review underscores RPM's versatility and its ability to empower patients through education, shared decision-making, and adherence to therapeutic regimens. The COVID-19 pandemic further emphasized the importance of RPM in ensuring healthcare continuity during systemic disruptions. The integration of AI with RPM has refined these capabilities, enabling personalized, real-time data collection and analysis. While chronic pain management serves as a focal area, the review also examines AI-enhanced RPM applications in cardiology and diabetes. AI-driven systems, such as the NXTSTIM EcoAI™, are highlighted for their potential to revolutionize treatment approaches through continuous monitoring, timely interventions, and improved patient outcomes. This progression from basic wearable devices to sophisticated, AI-driven systems underscores RPM's ability to redefine healthcare delivery, reduce system burdens, and enhance quality of life across multiple chronic conditions. Looking forward, AI-integrated RPM is expected to further refine disease management strategies by offering more personalized and effective treatments. The broader implications, including its applicability to cardiology, diabetes, and pain management, showcase RPM's capacity to deliver automated, data-driven care, thereby reducing healthcare burdens while enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.}, }
@article {pmid39679430, year = {2024}, author = {Ruan, QZ and Pak, DJ and Gulati, A and Dominguez, M and Diwan, S and Hasoon, J and Deer, TR and Yong, RJ and Albilali, A and Macone, A and Ashina, S and Robinson, CL}, title = {Scoping Review: The Effects of Interrupted Onabotulinumtoxin A Treatment for Chronic Migraine Prevention During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of pain research}, volume = {17}, number = {}, pages = {4163-4176}, pmid = {39679430}, issn = {1178-7090}, support = {P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To systematically examine the literature on the clinical consequences of inadvertent delays in scheduled onabotulinumtoxin A (OTA) therapy for chronic migraine during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess recommendations when access to OTA is limited.<br><br>BACKGROUND: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was unprecedented in its impact on the global medical community. Most healthcare institutions in the United States (US) and the world had begun significantly limiting elective procedures, undermining management of many debilitating chronic conditions. OTA injections, were similarly involuntarily postponed, leading to significant setbacks in symptom control.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on databases of Medline and Embase with search timeframe defined as the point of database inception to March 1st, 2024, and the search was performed on March 2nd, 2024. The search strategy was independently formulated by two authors (QR and CR) and was reviewed and approved by all authors of the article after appropriate amendments.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of nine articles met the defined inclusion criteria. They collectively demonstrated marked delays in OTA treatment with decline in migraine symptom control measured in the form of migraine intensity, frequency, as well as patient satisfaction in disease management. Quality of care in the form of follow-ups also appeared compromised. Alternative strategies of telemedicine and the administration of calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAb) were adopted in place of conventional treatment.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic had caused marked clinical deterioration in the migraine patient populations across US, Europe, and the Middle East. Strategies employed to circumvent this limitation included the adoption of remote consultation via telemedicine as well as the use of pharmacological agents such as CGRP antagonists. In the event of a reoccurrence of a worldwide pandemic, strategies should be implemented to prevent the cessation of needed treatment for those suffering from chronic migraine.}, }
@article {pmid39678987, year = {2024}, author = {Sanyaolu, A and Marinkovic, A and Prakash, S and Balendra, V and Hamdy, K and Haider, N and Abbasi, AF and Hosein, Z and Younis, K and Smith, S and Badaru, O and Izurieta, R}, title = {Impact of Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding on COVID-19 Disease Outcome and Viral Dynamics.}, journal = {Indian journal of microbiology}, volume = {64}, number = {4}, pages = {1416-1424}, pmid = {39678987}, issn = {0046-8991}, abstract = {This article aimed to review the current literature on the impact of continuous shedding of the COVID-19 virus in infected patients in relation to disease outcome variables and viral dynamics. Electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and MedlinePlus were searched using relevant keywords, restricting the selection to thirty-two peer-reviewed articles and four gray literatures from the WHO websites. Findings from this study showed that several variables such as sex, age, immune status, treatments, and vaccines were found to affect the outcomes associated with the COVID-19 virus shedding. These findings highlight the need for further research using longitudinal whole-genome sequencing of the virus and its variants to increase the understanding.}, }
@article {pmid39678865, year = {2024}, author = {Dai, Y and Jiang, H}, title = {Family-centered care: addressing challenges and implementing countermeasures in response to novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control-a narrative review.}, journal = {Journal of thoracic disease}, volume = {16}, number = {11}, pages = {8014-8025}, pmid = {39678865}, issn = {2072-1439}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Family-centered care (FCC) is a mutually beneficial healthcare approach focusing on collaborative planning, delivery, and evaluation involving healthcare providers, patients, and families. The FCC approach, despite its widespread application in diverse medical contexts, encounters significant barriers in its integration into clinical practice, particularly in the management of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). This review aims to explore the current state of research on and factors influencing the family-centered clinical model of care, and to reveal the challenges and coping strategies encountered by this model in NCP-like health crises. This review also aims to provide recommendations on how to transform the family-centered clinical care model to effectively respond to declared health emergencies.<br><br>METHODS: We searched six databases for relevant published literature up to August 30, 2024. In addition, reference lists of all selected publications were used to identify additional eligible studies. One researcher independently selected the literature and the results were checked by a senior researcher; these results were presented and discussed among the researchers to resolve differences and reach consensus.<br><br>KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: Seventy-three articles published from January 01, 1900 to August 30, 2024 met the inclusion criteria. The literature included the conceptual and historical development of FCC in care, areas of application of FCC, assessment and measurement tools for FCC, economic benefits of FCC, gaps in clinical implementation, impact of NCP on FCC, and coping strategies to promote FCC.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The evolution of the FCC marks a transition from the authoritarian approach of traditional healthcare to a more humane, collaborative model. The emergence of the NCP model for prevention and control during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic posed a significant challenge to the implementation and development of the FCC. The integration of telehealth models with FCC is seen as the future of FCC.}, }
@article {pmid39678714, year = {2024}, author = {Gonçalves Leite Rocco, P and Reategui-Rivera, CM and Finkelstein, J}, title = {Exercise Interventions in the Management of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare}, volume = {17}, number = {}, pages = {5867-5885}, pmid = {39678714}, issn = {1178-2390}, support = {R33 HL143317/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This review aims to identify the exercise rehabilitation approaches used for patients with POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome).<br><br>METHODS: An electronic literature search was conducted using the PubMed database, covering January 2005 to October 2023. Studies were included if they reported an exercise rehabilitation intervention for POTS patients and resulting clinical outcomes. Eligible study designs included randomized and non-randomized clinical trials and case reports.<br><br>RESULTS: Initially, 34 publications were identified, but only 14 met the criteria for inclusion. After a thorough analysis, 7 studies were included in this scoping review. The majority of the studies stated aerobic exercise training significantly improves symptoms in most of the patients with orthostatic intolerance, reduces the frequency of syncope, enhances patient quality of life, and improves autonomic balance as assessed by heart rate variability analysis and cardiorespiratory endurance. Short-term exercise training was found to boost physical fitness and cardiorespiratory responses in patients with POTS. Therefore, exercise training can serve as an effective non-pharmacological therapy for managing POTS.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This scoping review identified different approaches used for exercise rehabilitation in POTS patients. However, more research is needed to identify the optimal exercise rehabilitation program for this patient population.}, }
@article {pmid39678231, year = {2024}, author = {Khan, MWZ and Ahmad, M and Qudrat, S and Afridi, F and Khan, NA and Afridi, Z and Fahad,  and Azeem, T and Ikram, J}, title = {Vagal nerve stimulation for the management of long COVID symptoms.}, journal = {Infectious medicine}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {100149}, pmid = {39678231}, issn = {2772-431X}, abstract = {This review investigates the therapeutic potential of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) in managing long COVID, a condition marked by persistent symptoms following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Long COVID manifests as ongoing fatigue, cognitive impairment, and autonomic dysfunction, hypothesized to arise from sustained inflammatory and neurological dysregulation. The vagus nerve, central to modulating systemic inflammation and autonomic homeostasis, represents a promising therapeutic target for symptom alleviation through VNS. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies evaluating VNS in the context of long COVID. Preliminary evidence from small-scale pilot studies suggests VNS may attenuate systemic inflammation through activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), thus restoring autonomic balance and ameliorating symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and anxiety. In targeting the inflammatory cascade that underlies both acute COVID-19 pathophysiology and its prolonged sequelae, VNS holds potential as an innovative intervention for persistent post-viral symptoms. While these initial findings indicate promise, current data remain limited in scope and robustness, underscoring the need for larger, controlled trials to validate the efficacy and mechanisms of VNS in long COVID management. Establishing a clearer understanding of VNS's impact on inflammation and autonomic regulation in this context is crucial to inform clinical guidelines and therapeutic strategies for long COVID, potentially offering a targeted approach for mitigating this disabling condition.}, }
@article {pmid39677882, year = {2024}, author = {Manzo, C and Isetta, M and Castagna, A}, title = {Infective agents and polymyalgia rheumatica: key discussion points emerging from a narrative review of published literature.}, journal = {Reumatologia}, volume = {62}, number = {5}, pages = {360-367}, pmid = {39677882}, issn = {0034-6233}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The aetiology of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is unknown. Recently, reports on cases of PMR following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have revived the role of infection as an aetiological or triggering factor. It is estimated that patients with PMR have manifestations of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in < 20% of cases. To date, little is known on the potential role of infectious agents in facilitating this association. Given this background, we performed a review of published literature. Our first aim was to review and discuss the relationship between PMR and infective agents. Secondly, we compared data of PMR-only patients with PMR and overlapping GCA to seek any commonalities or differences regarding the type of infectious agent in these two subgroups.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a non-systematic literature search on Embase and Medline (COVID interface) with the following search terms: "polymyalgia rheumatica" AND "infections" OR "infectious agents", both MESH headings and free-text (in each language they were written). Each paper's reference list was scanned for additional publications meeting this study's aim. When papers reported data partially presented in previous articles, we referred to the most recent published data. Abstracts submitted at conferences or from non-peer-reviewed sources were not included. Polymyalgia rheumatica following vaccinations was an additional exclusion criterion.<br><br>RESULTS: Several infectious agents have been held responsible for PMR. However, no definite causal link has been identified so far. According to our review, the search for a specific infectious agent, however intriguing, appears to be stagnating. Genetic background and epigenetic regulation probably play a key role. However, topical studies are lacking. Polymyalgia rheumatica as an adverse event following immunization should be kept methodologically distinct from PMR following an acute infection, as the adjuvants in the vaccine can make a significant difference.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Finally, some infectious agents are able to replicate in human arteries or have an endothelium tropism. Whilst these can theoretically trigger GCA, their role in isolated PMR seems minimal.}, }
@article {pmid39677881, year = {2024}, author = {Boyarchuk, O and Savkiv, D}, title = {Attempts to identify the molecular cause of autoinflammatory recurrent fever.}, journal = {Reumatologia}, volume = {62}, number = {5}, pages = {381-388}, pmid = {39677881}, issn = {0034-6233}, abstract = {Systemic autoinflammatory diseases caused by dysregulation of the innate immunity are a known cause of recurrent fevers. We present the molecular diagnosis results of 12 children with recurrent fever, analyzing the correlation between molecular findings and clinical symptoms. No pathogenic variants confirming autoinflammatory disease were found. One child was diagnosed with SRP54 deficiency, linked to congenital neutropenia with a cyclic pattern. Variants of uncertain significance were found in 6 patients in genes associated with autoinflammatory disorders, though two lacked clinical correlation. Variants of uncertain significance in the NLRC4 gene were detected in 2 patients with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome, in the PLSG2 gene in 1 child with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and in the MEFV gene in 1 patient with syndrome of uncertain recurrent fever. COVID-19 was identified as a triggering factor in 54.5% of cases. Further research is needed to clarify the role of genetic variants and environmental factors in recurrent fevers.}, }
@article {pmid39677392, year = {2024}, author = {Fanella, S and Bitnun, A and Barton, M and Sauvé, L}, title = {Le diagnostic et la prise en charge de la syphilis congénitale : ne laisser passer aucune occasion.}, journal = {Paediatrics &amp; child health}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {463-479}, pmid = {39677392}, issn = {1205-7088}, abstract = {La syphilis congénitale peut provoquer un arrêt de grossesse et une morbidité importante chez les nouveau-nés. L'épidémie actuelle de syphilis congénitale au Canada (particulièrement dans l'Ouest canadien) est une urgence sanitaire évitable. Les taux font foi d'un manque de contrôle de la syphilis dans la communauté et d'un manque de ressources de santé publique pour éviter une propagation qui s'est amorcée avant la pandémie de COVID-19. Les facteurs de risque incluent l'absence de soins prénatals, l'utilisation de méthamphétamines et d'autres substances psychoactives et l'instabilité du logement. Le dépistage, le traitement et le suivi pendant la grossesse, y compris chez les partenaires, constituent la pierre angulaire de la prévention. Les cliniciens qui s'occupent de nouveau-nés ont besoin d'examiner les aspects du traitement de la mère, le risque de réinfection, les résultats de la sérologie appariée de la syphilis chez la mère et le nouveau-né, de même que l'évaluation clinique du nouveau-né. Une évaluation complète du risque orientera la prise en charge et le suivi efficaces des nouveau-nés exposés à la syphilis in utero.}, }
@article {pmid39677391, year = {2024}, author = {Fanella, S and Bitnun, A and Barton, M and Sauvé, L}, title = {Diagnosis and management of congenital syphilis: Avoiding missed opportunities.}, journal = {Paediatrics &amp; child health}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {463-479}, pmid = {39677391}, issn = {1205-7088}, abstract = {Congenital syphilis can result in pregnancy loss and substantial morbidity in newborns. The current epidemic of congenital syphilis in Canada (especially Western Canada) is a preventable public health emergency. Rates indicate a lack of control of syphilis within the community and insufficient public health resources to prevent spread that predate the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk factors include lack of prenatal care, methamphetamine and other substance use, and unstable housing. The cornerstone of prevention is identification, treatment, and follow-up during pregnancy, including of partners. Clinicians caring for newborns need to consider aspects of maternal treatment, reinfection risk, the results of paired maternal and infant syphilis serology, and infant clinical assessment. A complete risk assessment will guide effective management and follow-up of infants exposed in utero to syphilis.}, }
@article {pmid39676399, year = {2025}, author = {Eggen, MB and LaPreze, D and Karimi, S and Creel, L and Little, B and Ibrahim, BB}, title = {Factors Associated With First-Trimester Prenatal Care Initiation In The United States: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of midwifery &amp; women's health}, volume = {70}, number = {2}, pages = {259-269}, doi = {10.1111/jmwh.13724}, pmid = {39676399}, issn = {1542-2011}, mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Health Services Accessibility ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; *Pregnancy Trimester, First ; *Prenatal Care/statistics &amp; numerical data ; United States ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: First-trimester prenatal care is an important component of quality care during pregnancy and is associated with improved perinatal outcomes. Despite its importance, many pregnant people delay prenatal care initiation or receive no prenatal care. This scoping review assessed multilevel factors associated with first-trimester prenatal care initiation in the United States among studies that included a measure of prenatal care timing, using the socioecological model as an organizing framework.<br><br>METHODS: A scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines for reporting. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL, and Social Sciences Abstracts were searched for peer-reviewed papers that focused on facilitators and barriers associated with first-trimester prenatal care initiation, were written in English, included a measure of prenatal care timing, and used data gathered after 2014.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 1469 articles identified in the search, 19 met inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Articles described intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental-level barriers and facilitators of first-trimester prenatal care initiation including Medicaid expansion, immigration status, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant heterogeneity in the measurement of prenatal care timing existed across studies.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that, although environmental domain factors have been impactful toward increasing population-level rates of first-trimester prenatal care initiation, benefits have not been equitable across sociodemographic factors. Increasing the proportion of pregnant people who initiate first-trimester prenatal care will require comprehensive efforts that address sociodemographic and contextual factors, including persistent structural and systemic barriers that cause and widen health disparities.}, }
@article {pmid39676169, year = {2024}, author = {Xu, JQ and Zhang, WY and Fu, JJ and Fang, XZ and Gao, CG and Li, C and Yao, L and Li, QL and Yang, XB and Ren, LH and Shu, HQ and Peng, K and Wu, Y and Zhang, DY and Qiu, Y and Zhou, X and Yao, YM and Shang, Y}, title = {Viral sepsis: diagnosis, clinical features, pathogenesis, and clinical considerations.}, journal = {Military Medical Research}, volume = {11}, number = {1}, pages = {78}, pmid = {39676169}, issn = {2054-9369}, support = {82372176//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82002026//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82272217//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 81971818//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Sepsis/diagnosis/immunology/physiopathology/virology ; *Viremia/diagnosis/immunology/physiopathology/virology ; Coronavirus/physiology ; Influenza A virus/physiology ; }, abstract = {Sepsis, characterized as life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from dysregulated host responses to infection, remains a significant challenge in clinical practice. Despite advancements in understanding host-bacterial interactions, molecular responses, and therapeutic approaches, the mortality rate associated with sepsis has consistently ranged between 10 and 16%. This elevated mortality highlights critical gaps in our comprehension of sepsis etiology. Traditionally linked to bacterial and fungal pathogens, recent outbreaks of acute viral infections, including Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), influenza virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), among other regional epidemics, have underscored the role of viral pathogenesis in sepsis, particularly when critically ill patients exhibit classic symptoms indicative of sepsis. However, many cases of viral-induced sepsis are frequently underdiagnosed because standard evaluations typically exclude viral panels. Moreover, these viruses not only activate conventional pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) but also initiate primary antiviral pathways such as cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate (GMP-AMP) synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling and interferon response mechanisms. Such activations lead to cellular stress, metabolic disturbances, and extensive cell damage that exacerbate tissue injury while leading to a spectrum of clinical manifestations. This complexity poses substantial challenges for the clinical management of affected cases. In this review, we elucidate the definition and diagnosis criteria for viral sepsis while synthesizing current knowledge regarding its etiology, epidemiology, and pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms involved therein as well as their impact on immune-mediated organ damage. Additionally, we discuss clinical considerations related to both existing therapies and advanced treatment interventions, aiming to enhance the comprehensive understanding surrounding viral sepsis.}, }
@article {pmid39675687, year = {2025}, author = {Zong, NC and Huang, K and Yang, X and Cai, H}, title = {Expand the success of screening to reduce aortic aneurysm mortality: progress interpretation and new fronts.}, journal = {Trends in cardiovascular medicine}, volume = {35}, number = {4}, pages = {221-229}, doi = {10.1016/j.tcm.2024.12.004}, pmid = {39675687}, issn = {1873-2615}, mesh = {Humans ; *Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/mortality/diagnosis/therapy/diagnostic imaging/blood ; *Mass Screening/methods ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Risk Factors ; Risk Assessment ; Biomarkers/blood ; Prognosis ; }, abstract = {Aortic aneurysm is a leading cause of death across the world. Many victicms carry it without knowing. Ruputre of aortic aneurysms leads to devastating sudden death. This brings trauma to families and our society. Based upon sound results out of several cohort studies, US Preventive Services Task Force (USPST) crafted the 1st nationwide abdominal aorta aneurysm (AAA) screening program in 2005. It was renewed and expanded in subsequent revisions in 2014 and 2019. UK and Sweden estalished their own programs as well. Since then, a significant decline in AAA prevalence and mortality has been observed. Two decades into the practice, the state of the art on diagnostics, surgical approaches, and pharmacological options have drastically changed. Patients previously ineligible for treatment or inconclusive on diagnostics now have valid options. The screening program is on the verge for a bold expansion. In this review, we summarize the chroncles leading to the inception of the screening programs, progress in interpretation after implementation including gains, gaps and controversies, advents of new technologies and approaches, new fronts facing us, as well as priorities to be addressed in future phases. Particularly, screening asssys with a clinically tested biomarker, tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B), enables unpresended accessibility, consistency and throughput to accommodate the needs of a larger population. Furthermore, patients with AAAs at size below the eligibility threhold for surgical intervention (e.g., < 5.5 cm) can be treated with novel oral medications. Confronting factors such as changing demographics and COVID-19 aftermath are putting up new challenges. Nevertheless, running a program at national scale demands both unwavering commitment and agile fine-tuning. Technical innovation will be an indispensable chapter of its continued success. The burden of aortic aneurysm-led sudden death is too heavy for any family and the society to bear; it is time to step up our resolve with additional capacities as discussed in the present review.}, }
@article {pmid39675368, year = {2025}, author = {Rojek, A and Fieggen, J and Apiyo, P and Caluwaerts, S and Fowler, RA and Kaleebu, P and Kojan, R and Lado, M and Lambe, T and Dunning, J and Horby, P}, title = {Ebola disease: bridging scientific discoveries and clinical application.}, journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases}, volume = {25}, number = {3}, pages = {e165-e176}, doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00673-X}, pmid = {39675368}, issn = {1474-4457}, mesh = {Humans ; *Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/therapy ; Africa, Western/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ebola Vaccines ; Epidemics ; }, abstract = {The west Africa Ebola disease epidemic (2014-16) marked a historic change of course for patient care during emerging infectious disease outbreaks. The epidemic response was a failure in many ways-a slow, cumbersome, and disjointed effort by a global architecture that was not fit for purpose for a rapidly spreading outbreak. In the most affected countries, health-care workers and other responders felt helpless-dealing with an overwhelming number of patients but with few, if any, tools at their disposal to provide high-quality care. These inadequacies, however, led to attention and innovation. The decade since then has seen remarkable achievements in clinical care for Ebola disease, including the approval of the first vaccines and treatments. In this paper, the first in a two-part Series, we reflect on this progress and provide expert summary of the modern landscape of Ebola disease, highlighting the priorities and ongoing activities aimed at further improving patient survival and wellbeing in the years ahead.}, }
@article {pmid39675234, year = {2025}, author = {Arslan, Z}, title = {Microchimerism: The mystery of multiple DNA and its implications in forensic sciences.}, journal = {Forensic science international}, volume = {367}, number = {}, pages = {112345}, doi = {10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112345}, pmid = {39675234}, issn = {1872-6283}, mesh = {Humans ; *Chimerism ; *DNA ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Female ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; }, abstract = {Microchimerism (MC) refers to the presence of small amounts of foreign cells or DNA in the tissues or circulation of an individual. It generally occurs through mother-fetus interaction, twin pregnancies, and intergenerational transmission. MC is influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as toxic conditions, immunological suppression, and various diseases (influenza, COVID-19, etc.). Progenitor cells transferred from the fetus to the mother through fetal MC are known to differentiate into neurons in the maternal brain. Although the relationship between these cells and the brain is not fully understood, it is thought that they may play a role in the emergence of some mental illnesses. The long-term presence of microchimeric cells in the body by differentiating into various cell types such as the brain, heart, bone, liver, and lung can lead to the presence of two or more DNA sets in an individual. This can lead to confusion in forensic identification and sex determination processes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the definition, transmission pathways, detection duration in the human body, associated diseases, analytical detection techniques, and the importance of MC in forensic sciences. In this context, it is aimed to draw attention to the potential dangers of MC and contribute to the justice system. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the need for scientific research on this topic by creating a starting point for future research in the field of MC.}, }
@article {pmid39675153, year = {2025}, author = {Fischer, A and Peretti-Watel, P and Ward, J}, title = {Vaccine policies in France and Europe.}, journal = {Current opinion in immunology}, volume = {92}, number = {}, pages = {102513}, doi = {10.1016/j.coi.2024.102513}, pmid = {39675153}, issn = {1879-0372}, mesh = {Humans ; France/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/immunology ; Europe/epidemiology ; *Vaccination/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Health Policy ; }, abstract = {This review outlines the outcome of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in France and assesses the respective roles of information and coercion in its overall success. These data are then put into perspective of the evolution of vaccination acceptance in France.}, }
@article {pmid39675123, year = {2025}, author = {Shrestha, BK and Sujakhu, E and Karale, S and Telagarapu, VML}, title = {COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis-A narrative review.}, journal = {Multiple sclerosis and related disorders}, volume = {93}, number = {}, pages = {106221}, doi = {10.1016/j.msard.2024.106221}, pmid = {39675123}, issn = {2211-0356}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology/epidemiology ; *Multiple Sclerosis/complications/drug therapy/epidemiology/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by immune dysregulation, affecting over 2.5 million people worldwide. Interestingly, COVID-19 infection can cause neurodegeneration through demyelination similar to that of MS, and COVID-19 infection can lead to long-term neurological sequelae, post-COVID-19 neurological syndrome. These overlapping neurological mechanisms suggest that patients with MS (PwMS) may have a unique and potentially more complex relationship with COVID-19.<br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can enter the central nervous system via the olfactory nerve or through interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors in the blood-brain barrier, potentially initiating or enhancing neurodegenerative processes through demyelination. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PwMS is similar to that of the general population; however, PwMS with higher Expanded Disability Status Scale scores, longer MS duration, or progressive forms of MS are at an increased risk for developing severe COVID-19 outcomes. Most disease-modifying therapies (DMT), such as interferon, glatiramer, teriflunomide, and cladribine, do not appear to affect the risk of COVID-19 infection, the severity of COVID-19 illness, or the response to COVID-19 vaccines. As a result, these therapies should be continued during COVID-19 infection in PwMS. Rituximab, however, has been shown to increase the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. For managing symptomatic COVID-19 infection in PwMS, remdesivir and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are shown to be effective. COVID-19-associated cytokine release syndrome can be managed with corticosteroids. Importantly, COVID-19 infection does not increase susceptibility to MS relapses or exacerbate the progression of MS symptoms. Furthermore, COVID-19 vaccination is encouraged for all MS patients, particularly those at greater risk of severe outcomes, as it does not trigger relapses, exacerbate MS symptoms, or diminish the efficacy of DMT. Despite these findings, high-quality evidence remains lacking to fully establish the relationship between COVID-19 and MS, highlighting the need for further research in this area.}, }
@article {pmid39675069, year = {2025}, author = {Lai, Z and Wang, F and Cui, Y and Li, Z and Lin, J}, title = {Innovative strategies for enhancing AuNP-based point-of-care diagnostics: Focus on coronavirus detection.}, journal = {Talanta}, volume = {285}, number = {}, pages = {127362}, doi = {10.1016/j.talanta.2024.127362}, pmid = {39675069}, issn = {1873-3573}, mesh = {Humans ; *Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; *Gold/chemistry ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; *SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Colorimetry/methods ; *Point-of-Care Systems ; Biosensing Techniques/methods ; *Point-of-Care Testing ; COVID-19 Testing/methods ; Smartphone ; }, abstract = {Highly pathogenic coronaviruses have consistently threatened humanity, encompassing SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and others. Swift detection and accurate diagnosis play a crucial role in promptly identifying high-risk populations, enabling timely intervention, and effectively breaking the transmission chain to reduce casualties. However, the diagnostic "gold standard" reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) failed to meet the overwhelming demand during the pandemic due to insufficient equipment and trained personnel, impeding the effective control of viral spread. Undoubtedly, there is an urgent need for the development of convenient, rapid, and sensitive point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technology. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) satisfy the substantial market demand for biosensors owing to their exceptional optical properties and stability. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the potential advantages of AuNPs in visual solution colorimetry and lateral flow assays (LFAs) for the diagnosis of COVID-19. We delve into the techniques for enhancing LFA signals, with the goal of increasing both detection sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, we include the application of smartphones for unbiased and objective interpretation of results. The examples presented in this review are anticipated to inspire researchers in designing AuNPs biosensors to address current and potential outbreaks of infectious diseases in the future.}, }
@article {pmid39674870, year = {2024}, author = {Shan, D and Wang, C and Crawford, T and Holland, C}, title = {Association between COVID-19 infection and new-onset dementia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC geriatrics}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {940}, pmid = {39674870}, issn = {1471-2318}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/diagnosis ; Aged ; *Dementia/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Incidence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship between COVID-19 infection and a possible increased likelihood of older adults developing new-onset dementia (NOD) remains elusive.<br><br>METHODS: A thorough search was performed across several databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, medRxiv, and PQDT Global for studies published in English from January 2020 to December 2023. Only original investigations exploring the link between COVID-19 infection and NOD were selected for inclusion. We assessed the risk of developing NOD, using Risk Ratio (RR) for measurement. Control groups were categorized as: (i) a non-COVID cohort with other respiratory infections [control group (C1)]; and (ii) a non-COVID cohort with otherwise unspecified health status [control group (C2)]. Follow-up periods were divided into intervals of 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-COVID.<br><br>RESULTS: 11 studies (involving 939,824 post-COVID-19 survivors and 6,765,117 controls) were included in the review. Across a median observation period of 12 months post-COVID, the overall incidence of NOD was about 1.82% in the COVID-infected group, compared to 0.35% in the non-COVID-infected group. The overall pooled meta-analysis showed a significantly increased NOD risk among COVID-19 older adult survivors compared to non-COVID-19 controls (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.58, 95% CI 1.21-2.08). Similar increased NOD risks were observed in subgroup analyses restricted to an observational period of 12 months (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.56, 95% CI 1.21-2.01), as well as in five studies that employed propensity score matching to sufficiently and effectively control for multiple confounding covariates (RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.46, 95% CI 1.10-1.94). COVID-19 group and C1 group shared a comparably increased risk of developing NOD (overall RR&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.13, 95% CI 0.92-1.38).<br><br>DISCUSSION: Under normal circumstances, we believe that COVID-19 infection is likely to be a risk factor for developing NOD in older adults over time. While the increased NOD risk due to COVID-19 infection appears to be similar to that associated with other respiratory infections, it warrants and necessitates investigation with longer observations.}, }
@article {pmid39674825, year = {2025}, author = {Stannard, R and Lambert, PC and Lyratzopoulos, G and Andersson, TM and Khan, S and Rutherford, MJ}, title = {The long-lasting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on population-based cancer survival: what are the implications for data analysis?.}, journal = {British journal of cancer}, volume = {132}, number = {8}, pages = {673-678}, pmid = {39674825}, issn = {1532-1827}, support = {NIHR303007//DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)/ ; NIHR206132//DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; *Neoplasms/mortality/epidemiology/therapy/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Pandemics ; Data Analysis ; Incidence ; }, abstract = {Monitoring trends of cancer incidence, mortality and survival is vital for the planning and delivery of health services, and the evaluation of diagnostics and treatment at the population level. Furthermore, comparisons are often made between population subgroups to explore inequalities in outcomes. During the COVID-19 pandemic routine delivery of health services were severely disrupted. Resources were redeployed to COVID-19 services and patient risk of COVID-19 infection required serious consideration. Cancer screening services were paused, the availability of healthcare providers was reduced and, in some cases, patients faced difficulty in accessing optimal treatment in a timely manner. Given these major disruptions, much care should be taken when interpreting changes in cancer survival estimates during this period. The impact on cancer incidence and mortality statistics that have already been reported in some jurisdictions should drive further thought on the corresponding impact on cancer survival, and whether any differences observed are real, artificial or a combination of the two. We discuss the likely impact on key cancer metrics, the likely implications for the analysis of cancer registration data impacted by the pandemic and the implications for comparative analyses between population groups and other risk factor groups when using data spanning the pandemic period.}, }
@article {pmid39657248, year = {2025}, author = {Zhao, Q and Wallace, B and Ronis, T and Jung, L}, title = {Risk factors of COVID-19 related hospitalization of paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Rheumatology (Oxford, England)}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2369-2376}, doi = {10.1093/rheumatology/keae664}, pmid = {39657248}, issn = {1462-0332}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy/complications ; *Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Rheumatic Diseases/drug therapy/epidemiology/complications ; Risk Factors ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Among adults who develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), those with rheumatic diseases (RDs) have similar hospitalization rates compared with those without RDs. Similar comparisons are lacking in children, due to the overall rarity of COVID-19-related hospitalization in this population. We aimed to examine the risk factors for COVID-19-related hospitalization in paediatric patients with RDs.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systemic literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from 1 December 2019, through 22 January 2024. We included observational studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were calculated.<br><br>RESULTS: Eight cohort studies capturing 1501 paediatric RD patients with SARS-CoV-2 and 118 COVID-19-related hospitalization were included. Odds of hospitalization was increased in children with RDs compared with healthy children. While the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) was associated with reduced odds of hospitalization overall (OR 0.43 [95% CI: 0.27, 0.68]), systemic JIA was associated with increased odds of hospitalization (OR 2.54 [95% CI: 1.01, 6.40]). The use of glucocorticoids (OR 5.36 [95% CI: 2.21, 13.04]), rituximab (OR 4.62 [95% CI: 1.87, 11.40]), mycophenolate mofetil (OR 4.17 [95% CI: 1.08, 16.16]), hydroxychloroquine (OR 2.97 [95% CI: 1.42, 6.21]), and IL-1 inhibitors (OR 2.28 [95% CI: 1.09, 4.78]) was associated with increased odds of hospitalization, while the use of TNF&#x3b1; inhibitors was associated with reduced odds (OR 0.35 [95% CI: 0.20, 0.66]).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Children with RDs are at risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, while children with JIA taking TNF&#x3b1; inhibitors might be at a lower risk.}, }
@article {pmid39656965, year = {2025}, author = {Fernandez, E and Jaggers, J and Norton, AE and Stone, C and Phillips, E}, title = {Adverse Events Following Vaccines: From Detection to Research Translation.}, journal = {Annual review of public health}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {1-19}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071723-102841}, pmid = {39656965}, issn = {1545-2093}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Vaccines/adverse effects ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; *Vaccination/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {Vaccines are lifesaving interventions that reduce the morbidity and mortality of disease. Fortunately, serious adverse events with vaccination are uncommon, but they must promptly be recognized and evaluated to assess and clarify the safety of future administration, a process that the public must understand in order to feel safe in receiving vaccines. In this article, we provide a review of vaccine development, discuss the process by which safety is ensured, and describe key adverse events associated with their administration. We review in detail existing mechanisms for reporting these events and assessing them following recovery, as well as communication related to vaccine safety. We also describe barriers to vaccination, such as nocebo effects and antivaccination groups, and use lessons learned from the successful development of COVID-19 vaccines during the recent pandemic to define future opportunities and directions for vaccine safety.}, }
@article {pmid39673764, year = {2025}, author = {Kitano, T and Salmon, DA and Dudley, MZ and Saldanha, IJ and Thompson, DA and Engineer, L}, title = {Age- and sex-stratified risks of myocarditis and pericarditis attributable to COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Epidemiologic reviews}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {1-11}, doi = {10.1093/epirev/mxae007}, pmid = {39673764}, issn = {1478-6729}, mesh = {Humans ; *Myocarditis/epidemiology/etiology/chemically induced ; *Pericarditis/epidemiology/etiology/chemically induced ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Male ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Female ; Age Factors ; Sex Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adolescent ; Child ; *Vaccination/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {Although COVID-19 vaccines are generally very safe, the risks of myocarditis and pericarditis after receiving an messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine have been established, with the highest risk in young men. Most systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the risk of myocarditis or pericarditis have included passive surveillance data, which is subject to reporting errors. Accurate measures of age-, sex-, and vaccine dose- and type-specific risks are crucial for assessment of the benefits and risks of the vaccination. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risks of myocarditis and pericarditis attributable COVID-19 vaccines were conducted, stratified by age groups, sex, vaccine type, and vaccine dose. Five electronic databases and gray literature sources were searched on November 21, 2023. Article about studies that compared a COVID-19-vaccinated group with an unvaccinated group or time period (eg, self-controlled) were included. Passive surveillance data were excluded. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. A total of 4030 records were identified; ultimately, 17 articles were included in this review. Compared with unvaccinated groups or unvaccinated time periods, the highest attributable risk of myocarditis or pericarditis was observed after the second dose in boys aged 12-17 years (10.18 per 100 000 doses [95% CI, 0.50-19.87]) of the BNT162b2 vaccine and in young men aged 18-24 years (attributable risk, 20.02 per 100 000 doses [95% CI, 10.47-29.57]) for the mRNA-1273 vaccine. The stratified results based on active surveillance data provide the most accurate available estimates of the risks of myocarditis and pericarditis attributable to specific COVID-19 vaccinations for specific populations. Trial registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) Identifier: CRD42023443343.}, }
@article {pmid39673711, year = {2025}, author = {Efe, C and Uzun, S and Matter, MS and Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli, B}, title = {Autoimmune-Like Hepatitis Related to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: Towards a Clearer Definition.}, journal = {Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/liv.16209}, pmid = {39673711}, issn = {1478-3231}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology ; *Hepatitis, Autoimmune/etiology/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology/immunology ; Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; Liver Transplantation/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {Vaccines are the most effective tool against COVID-19 and are generally safe. Very rare and heterogeneous cases of acute liver injury associated to all types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been reported, mostly with autoimmune features. Epidemiological studies used heterogeneous diagnostic criteria and included different populations. Immunological studies in selected cases of acute liver injury linked to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines suggest that it has a unique pathophysiology, the vaccine-encoded spike protein playing a central role in triggering the aberrant immune response. In most series, liver injury was observed more often following the second vaccine dose. Latency from vaccination to the diagnosis of hepatitis was 1-147 days after the last vaccine dose. Raised immunoglobulin G levels and positive anti-nuclear and/or anti-smooth muscle antibodies are frequent. The vast majority of reported cases have been treated with corticosteroids, mostly associated with azathioprine. Outcome is generally favourable, but cases requiring liver transplantation or causing death have been reported. The heterogeneous clinical entity of acute liver injury linked to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines includes patients requiring long-term immunosuppression, similarly to autoimmune hepatitis, and patients with self-limiting liver damage, possibly representing a unique form of autoimmune-like hepatitis, which we suggest being referred to as SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-associated liver injury (SVALI). Further studies are needed to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms related to the immune response to the spike viral protein in the liver.}, }
@article {pmid39673667, year = {2024}, author = {Labowsky, M and Harnke, B}, title = {The Set up and the Triggers: An Update on the Risk Factors for Giant Cell Arteritis.}, journal = {Current neurology and neuroscience reports}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {11}, pmid = {39673667}, issn = {1534-6293}, mesh = {*Giant Cell Arteritis/epidemiology ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Polymyalgia Rheumatica/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To describe recent research relevant to factors which predispose to giant cell arteritis (GCA) and those which trigger its manifestation, with particular emphasis on the more recent and controversial associations (COVID-19, vaccination, novel medications) which have changed the medical landscape and perhaps GCA prevalence.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: GCA remains more prevalent in Caucasians but nevertheless affects other racial groups. Certain HLA haplotypes (i.e. DRB1*04) incurs risk of GCA. Polymyalgia rheumatica remains a strong association, and recent evidence also associates GCA with hematologic malignancy. COVID-19 infection may trigger GCA, in addition to vaccination (particularly the COVID-19 vaccine) and reactivated VZV infection, though the latter may be related to a common trigger. PD1-inhibitors may be associated with GCA. Previously establish patterns in geography and latitude are supported. A seasonal pattern of GCA in the summer/spring months is suggested but not proven. Controversy regarding GCA risk factors exists, as well as to whether the overall prevalence of GCA is rising. Given the growing aging population, the total number of cases of GCA will certainly increase, a challenge to which that our healthcare system must continue to rise to meet.}, }
@article {pmid39673248, year = {2025}, author = {Pranić, SM and Estevão, MD and Vasanthan, LT and Pérez-Neri, I and Pulumati, A and de Lima Junior, FAS and Malih, N and Mishra, V and Thompson, J and Nnate, D}, title = {Reporting of participant race and ethnicity from COVID-19 randomized controlled drug and biologicals trials: a scoping review.}, journal = {Epidemiologic reviews}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {1-14}, doi = {10.1093/epirev/mxae006}, pmid = {39673248}, issn = {1478-6729}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *Ethnicity/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Alanine/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; *Racial Groups/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/ethnology ; Purines/therapeutic use ; Sulfonamides/therapeutic use ; Azetidines/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Biological Products/therapeutic use ; Pyrazoles/therapeutic use ; Cytidine/analogs &amp; derivatives ; Hydroxylamines ; }, abstract = {Racial and ethnic minorities have been disproportionally burdened by hospitalization and death due to COVID-19. Participation of individuals of diverse races and ethnicities in clinical trials, according to study-level characteristics of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that test effectiveness of COVID-19 drugs, could be insightful for future researchers. Our objective for this scoping review was to describe the frequency of race and ethnicity reported as demographic variables and specific reporting of race and ethnicity according to COVID-19 RCT characteristics. We conducted comprehensive searches in PubMed, ProQuest, World Health Organization Database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and gray literature via preprint servers from January 1, 2020, to May 4, 2022. We included RCTs on emergency- or conditionally approved COVID-19 drug interventions (remdesivir, baricitinib, and molnupiravir) with or without comparators. Self-reported race as American Indian/Pacific Islander, Asian, Black/African American, or White, ethnicity as Hispanic/Latinx, study design characteristics, and participant-relevant data were collected. In total, 17 RCTs with 17 935 participants were included. Most (n = 13; 76%) reported at least 1 race and ethnicity and were US-based, industry-funded RCTs. Asian, Black, Latinx, and White participants were mostly enrolled in RCTs that studied remdesivir. Native American and Hawaiian participants were mostly assessed for progression to high-flow oxygen/noninvasive ventilation. Time to recovery was assessed predominantly in Black and White participants, whereas hospitalization or death was mostly assessed in Asian, Latinx, and multirace participants. Trialists should be aware of RCT-level factors and characteristics that may be associated with low participation of racial and ethnic minorities, which could inform evidence-based interventions to increase minority participation.}, }
@article {pmid39671524, year = {2024}, author = {Dixit, S and Srivastava, S and Reddy, RS and Faghy, MA and Tedla, JS and Kakaraparthi, VN and Gular, K and Gupta, K}, title = {Correlation Between Self-reported or Supervised Physical Activity in Noncommunicable Diseases and Comorbidities During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {American journal of physical medicine &amp; rehabilitation}, volume = {103}, number = {12}, pages = {1073-1080}, doi = {10.1097/PHM.0000000000002520}, pmid = {39671524}, issn = {1537-7385}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Exercise ; *Comorbidity ; *Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Self Report ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to systematically identify the protective and ameliorative effects of physical activity among people with noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, chronic vascular disease, hypertension, and existing comorbidities during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: The trial is registered in the PROSPERO registry and used the PICO (population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes) strategy to perform the search strategy. Assessors analyzed related studies in the MEDLINE, PROQUEST, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, Google Scholar, Physiotherapy Evidence, and Science Direct databases between December 2022 and January 2023. Researchers independently conducted a quality assessment of each study using a predeveloped quality assessment tool adapted from established tools for quantitative studies.<br><br>RESULTS: Eighteen trials were included (chronic vascular disease-7, diabetes-4, hypertension-1, cancer-3, and chronic respiratory disease-3). The total number of individuals included in the systematic review was 780,003, and the total with or without COVID-19 was 188,435. Qualitative rating by the Newcastle-Ottawa Score for cross-sectional and cohort studies and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale revealed fair to good evidence for physical activity as a tool to reduce complications.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that exercise can protect people with noncommunicable diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.Registration: Registered with Prospero registry.}, }
@article {pmid39671397, year = {2025}, author = {Wen, B and Zhang, G and Zhan, C and Chen, C and Yi, H}, title = {The 2024 revision of the Declaration of Helsinki: a modern ethical framework for medical research.}, journal = {Postgraduate medical journal}, volume = {101}, number = {1194}, pages = {371-382}, doi = {10.1093/postmj/qgae181}, pmid = {39671397}, issn = {1469-0756}, support = {2022YFC2407404//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 7232134//Beijing Natural Science Foundation/ ; 2021-1-I2M-012//CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine/ ; 2022-PUMCH-C-043//National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding/ ; LC2021L01//Beijing Hope Run Special Fund of Cancer Foundation of China/ ; Z211100002921058//Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission/ ; LC2021D01//Administrative Research Fund, CHCAMS/ ; }, mesh = {*Helsinki Declaration ; Humans ; *Biomedical Research/ethics ; COVID-19 ; Ethics, Research ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {The Declaration of Helsinki, established in 1964, remains a foundational document in medical research ethics. This review examines the 2024 revision, endorsed by the 75th World Medical Association (WMA) Assembly, highlighting its impact on modern clinical research. Major updates include the shift from "subjects" to "participants," promoting autonomy and active involvement, and the introduction of dual ethical review requirements for cross-border studies to strengthen accountability. New guidelines for data privacy address AI-related ethical concerns, while enhanced community engagement fosters transparency and shared decision-making. Additionally, standards for environmental sustainability encourage research practices that minimize ecological impacts. In response to global health crises such as COVID-19, the revised Declaration sets forth ethical protections to balance participant safety with research urgency during emergencies. Despite these advances, areas for improvement remain, especially in AI ethics, emergency research protocols, and the extension the Declaration's scope to include forensic and specimen research. The 2024 revision thus strengthens the Declaration's role as an adaptive, relevant framework for safeguarding participant rights and research integrity in a changing landscape.}, }
@article {pmid39670953, year = {2024}, author = {Greenall-Ota, J and Yapa, HM and Fox, GJ and Negin, J}, title = {Qualitative Evaluation of mHealth Implementation for Infectious Disease Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Narrative Review.}, journal = {JMIR mHealth and uHealth}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {e55189}, pmid = {39670953}, issn = {2291-5222}, mesh = {Humans ; *Telemedicine/standards/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Developing Countries ; *Qualitative Research ; Communicable Diseases/therapy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have the potential to improve health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by aiding health workers to strengthen service delivery, as well as by helping patients and communities manage and prevent diseases. It is crucial to understand how best to implement mHealth within already burdened health services to maximally improve health outcomes and sustain the intervention in LMICs.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify key barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of mHealth interventions for infectious diseases in LMICs, drawing on a health systems analysis framework.<br><br>METHODS: We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist to select qualitative or mixed methods studies reporting on determinants of already implemented infectious disease mHealth interventions in LMICs. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, the Social Sciences Citation Index, and Global Health. We extracted characteristics of the mHealth interventions and implementation experiences, then conducted an analysis of determinants using the Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases framework.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 10,494 titles for screening, among which 20 studies met our eligibility criteria. Of these, 9 studies examined mHealth smartphone apps and 11 examined SMS text messaging interventions. The interventions addressed HIV (n=7), malaria (n=4), tuberculosis (n=4), pneumonia (n=2), dengue (n=1), human papillomavirus (n=1), COVID-19 (n=1), and respiratory illnesses or childhood infectious diseases (n=2), with 2 studies addressing multiple diseases. Within these studies, 10 interventions were intended for use by health workers and the remainder targeted patients, at-risk individuals, or community members. Access to reliable technological resources, familiarity with technology, and training and support were key determinants of implementation. Additional themes included users forgetting to use the mHealth interventions and mHealth intervention designs affecting ease of use.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Acceptance of the intervention and the capacity of existing health care system infrastructure and resources are 2 key factors affecting the implementation of mHealth interventions. Understanding the interaction between mHealth interventions, their implementation, and health systems will improve their uptake in LMICs.}, }
@article {pmid39670935, year = {2024}, author = {Sangeetha, MD and Menon, PKS and Kharmawphlang, BK and Shivashankarappa, DH and Nagaraja, SB}, title = {COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Adults in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.}, journal = {Indian journal of public health}, volume = {68}, number = {4}, pages = {534-540}, doi = {10.4103/ijph.ijph_939_23}, pmid = {39670935}, issn = {0019-557X}, mesh = {Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/psychology/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; India/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sex Factors ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {The global health crisis triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, known as the COVID-19 pandemic, prompted vaccination drives worldwide, including in India, to address the crisis. However, vaccine hesitancy remains a significant challenge to achieving vaccination goals. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis during 2021-2023 to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in India and identify associated factors. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. A total of 265 articles were identified, of which 21 full-text articles were included in the review. The pooled estimated prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in India was found to be 28% (95% confidence interval: 27-29). Subgroup analysis revealed variations in hesitancy rates across different states, with higher rates observed in Jammu and Kashmir (44%), West Bengal (49%), and Maharashtra (39%). Gender-based analysis indicated higher hesitancy among males (36%) compared to females (26%). Among different study populations, medical students showed the lowest hesitancy rate (13%), whereas the general population exhibited the highest (34%). The findings suggest that vaccine hesitancy remains a significant concern in India, with one in four adults expressing hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccination. Hesitancy rates vary across states, genders, and study populations. Addressing the factors contributing to hesitancy, such as safety concerns, lack of evidence, and misinformation, is crucial to enhance vaccine acceptance.}, }
@article {pmid39670118, year = {2024}, author = {Sharma, P and Malik, S and Wadhwan, V and Sharma, R}, title = {Pathophysiology of oral lesions subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP}, volume = {28}, number = {3}, pages = {443-454}, pmid = {39670118}, issn = {0973-029X}, abstract = {Amidst worldwide reports of adverse oral lesions subsequent to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination, the current systematic review planned to determine the prevalence of adverse oral events in adult individuals (≥18 years) after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, emphasizing upon the type and dose of vaccine, time of onset, and underlying pathophysiology. The registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42023421307), conforming with PRISMA guidelines, included an all-inclusive literature search through online databases, consisting of Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Lilacs, Livivo, and PROSPERO, completed on 2 May 2023, followed by assessment of risk of bias by Joana Briggs Institute Evaluation Checklist. Due to the paucity of literature, case reports and case series were included. Self-reported lesions were excluded. Qualitative synthesis employing Microsoft Excel software 2019 revealed low prevalence (43 subjects) from 26 case reports and two case series. There were multiple erosive oral ulcers on gingiva, palate, burning pain in the mouth, xerostomia, tongue fissuring and glossitis, palatal petechiae, diffuse erythematous lesions and loss of smell (16.2%), primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (21%), oral lichen planus (16.2%), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (6.9%), Bell's palsy in four cases where two cases were Guillain-Barré syndrome (9.3%), erythema multiforme (11.6%), pemphigus (4.6%), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (6.9%), unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy (4.6%), and trigeminal neuralgia (2.3%). Maximum cases (22 subjects) presented oral lesions after Pfizer (BNT162b2) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. No association was found between the vaccine type and dose with oral side effects. Dentists must be aware of the oral adverse effects after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination to better understand the pathogenesis and the risk factors associated with such reactions.}, }
@article {pmid39669401, year = {2024}, author = {Woywodt, A and Payne, RE and Huuskes, BM and Hezer, B}, title = {Ten tips to carry out video consultations in nephrology.}, journal = {Clinical kidney journal}, volume = {17}, number = {10}, pages = {sfae287}, pmid = {39669401}, issn = {2048-8505}, abstract = {Video consultations have seen increasing use in nephrology since the COVID-19 pandemic with an aim to address constraints in F2F outpatient capacity and also patients' concerns around risks of infection when attending healthcare facilities. Nephrologists have learned through experience to use video consultations for providing routine follow up and also for ad hoc triage of unwell patients. Advantages of video consultations include convenience, cost savings through avoiding clinic overheads, and reducing the carbon footprint of care. The last is increasingly relevant as nephrologists consider climate change and its implications. Video consultations are not a panacea to overcome challenges in nephrology and risks also exist for example when it comes to redesigning pathways and maintaining access to F2F assessments when required. It is equally important to consider practical aspects such as reimbursement, prescribing, and documentation. Some clinicians may wish to carry out video consultations from home to save time spent commuting but this, too, requires careful thought. Another consideration is the digital divide and support should be provided for patients who are less IT literate or who have no access to the digital world. Patients with special needs such as those with visual or hearing impairment and those with language issues also require consideration. We view video consultations as a developing and growing part of the portfolio of renal care. We see their main role in providing routine follow up to stable and IT literate outpatients, particularly where there is provider continuity and where care is provided across a large geographical area.}, }
@article {pmid39669214, year = {2024}, author = {Law, MC and Chiu, PKF}, title = {Global COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among elderly: A systematic review.}, journal = {Vaccine: X}, volume = {21}, number = {}, pages = {100584}, pmid = {39669214}, issn = {2590-1362}, abstract = {BACKGROUND &amp; OBJECTIVES: Elderly infected with COVID-19 has high mortality risk, and the protection from COVID-19 vaccine is limited by vaccine hesitancy. The information of vaccine hesitancy in elderly is incomplete and fragmented. In this study, we attempt to examine the level of vaccine hesitancy in elderly and the related factors in global perspectives.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to include observational studies of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in elderly from January 2020 to September 2021. Search strategies covering COVID-19 vaccine, vaccine hesitancy and elderly in four databases of PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE and COCHRANE LIBRARY were adopted. Studies reporting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy prevalence in elderly were included. A meta-analysis of the vaccine hesitancy prevalence was performed. The primary outcome is the vaccine hesitancy prevalence in elderly population globally. The secondary outcomes are the factors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among elderly.<br><br>RESULTS: Initial 479 articles were included for screening, with 54 studies included for meta-analysis of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in elderly and 6 studies included for qualitative analysis of factors for vaccine hesitancy. The overall prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 27.7&#xa0;% (95&#xa0;% C.I: 23.8-31.6&#xa0;%). The prevalence was significantly higher in Asia than in Europe (35.3&#xa0;% VS 17.9&#xa0;%, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). The vaccine hesitancy was significantly higher before the launch of the vaccine than after (30.3&#xa0;% VS 18.7&#xa0;%, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). Important factors of vaccine hesitancy in elderly identified were low income, low education, perception of COVID-19 being more contagious, more vaccine side effects and lower vaccine efficacy.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is an important problem in elderly, with geographical variation. Tailored policy and strategies targeting the hesitancy factors were required to promote COVID-19 vaccine to elderly.}, }
@article {pmid39669111, year = {2024}, author = {Dasgupta, T and Bousfield, E and Pathak, Y and Horgan, G and Peterson, L and Mistry, HD and Wilson, M and Hill, M and Smith, V and Boulding, H and Sheen, KS and Van Citters, AD and Nelson, EC and Duncan, EL and von Dadelszen, P and ,  and Silverio, SA and Magee, LA}, title = {Healthcare providers' experiences of maternity care service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: a follow-up systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis.}, journal = {Frontiers in global women's health}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {1470674}, pmid = {39669111}, issn = {2673-5059}, abstract = {PROBLEM AND BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was substantial reconfiguration of maternity care services, affecting both users and healthcare providers (HCPs), in the United Kingdom (UK) and globally.<br><br>AIM: To further our understanding of the impact of maternity service reconfigurations in the UK, from the perspective of maternity HCPs.<br><br>METHODS: Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane COVID Study Register were searched for relevant studies reporting qualitative data from the UK, published in English between 01 June 2021 and 30 September 2023. Qualitative data on HCPs' experiences of maternity care reconfiguration during the pandemic were extracted from 15 studies. Data were subjected to thematic synthesis according to key service reconfigurations.<br><br>RESULTS: Nine themes were identified: Care-seeking and Care Experience: Changes to existing care, Limitations placed on the partner, Mental health and lack of support networks, and Barriers to successful implementation of reconfiguration strategies; Virtual Care: Impact on quality of care, Increased convenience and flexibility, and Digital exclusion; and Ethical Future of Maternity Care Services: Optimising patient care, and Service users and staff as the driving force for change. No studies reported on the concepts of Self-monitoring or COVID-19 vaccination.<br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The review findings highlight HCPs' views of the need for greater inclusion of partners, choice of virtual or in-person care for women and birthing people; and a need for co-designed services for future policy-making.}, }
@article {pmid39668935, year = {2024}, author = {Alshaikh, MA and Aljahdali, AK}, title = {Stability of a discrete HTLV-1/SARS-CoV-2 dual infection model.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {10}, number = {7}, pages = {e28178}, pmid = {39668935}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {Dual infection with a virus that targets the immune system, such as HTLV-1 (human T-cell lymphotropic virus class 1), combined with another virus that affects the respiratory system, such as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), can cause serious disease and even death. Given the significance of better comprehending the dual viral infections' dynamics, researchers have been drawn to mathematical analyses of such models. This work investigates the stability of a discrete HTLV-1/SARS-CoV-2 dual infection model. Our approach involves formulating the discrete model through the discretization of the continuous-time one using NSFD (nonstandard finite difference) method. We demonstrate that the NSFD method preserves essential properties of the solutions, such as positivity and boundedness. Additionally, we determine the fixed points and establish the conditions under which they exist. Furthermore, we analyze the global stability of these fixed points utilizing the Lyapunov technique. To illustrate our analytical findings, we do numerical simulations.}, }
@article {pmid39668643, year = {2025}, author = {Hall, JA}, title = {Loneliness and social media.}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, volume = {1543}, number = {1}, pages = {5-16}, doi = {10.1111/nyas.15275}, pmid = {39668643}, issn = {1749-6632}, mesh = {*Loneliness/psychology ; Humans ; *Social Media ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Social Isolation/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Pandemics ; Social Interaction ; }, abstract = {After defining five possible pathways to increase belonging through social media use, this narrative review summarizes the research on social media and loneliness. The association between social media use and loneliness is examined at the trait level and change in loneliness over time. Next, the use of social media during the COVID pandemic and its use to increase belonging at the momentary or daily level are summarized. Following, the use of social media to cope with loneliness or ostracism as well as the social compensation and enhancement hypotheses are examined. The evidence suggests social media use is weakly related to trait loneliness, explains little variance in loneliness relative to other predictors, and fails to explain a change in loneliness over time. There is no evidence it causes loneliness. On any given day, however, social media use may be used to promote belongingness but may not be a good means of coping with loneliness in the long term. This narrative review concludes that future research should firmly situate the study of loneliness and social media in the context of social interactions and relationships by carefully examining when and for whom it is beneficial or harmful.}, }
@article {pmid39668456, year = {2025}, author = {Mallick, S and Duttaroy, AK and Bose, B}, title = {A Snapshot of Cytokine Dynamics: A Fine Balance Between Health and Disease.}, journal = {Journal of cellular biochemistry}, volume = {126}, number = {1}, pages = {e30680}, doi = {10.1002/jcb.30680}, pmid = {39668456}, issn = {1097-4644}, support = {//The authors received no specific funding for this work./ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Cytokines/immunology/metabolism ; *COVID-19/immunology/pathology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Inflammation/immunology/pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Animals ; }, abstract = {Health and disease are intricately intertwined and often determined by the delicate balance of biological processes. Cytokines, a family of small signalling molecules, are pivotal in maintaining this balance, ensuring the body's immune system functions optimally. In a healthy condition, cytokines act as potent mediators of immune responses. They orchestrate the activities of immune cells, coordinating their proliferation, differentiation, and migration. This intricate role of cytokine signalling enables the body to effectively combat infections, repair damaged tissues, and regulate inflammation. However, the delicate equilibrium of cytokine production is susceptible to disruption. Excessive or abnormal cytokine levels can lead to a cascade of pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, infections, allergies, and even cancer. Interestingly, from the bunch of cytokines, few cytokines play an essential role in maintaining the balance between normal physiological status and diseases. In this review, we have appraised key cytokines' potential role and feedback loops in augmenting the imbalances in the body's biological functions, presenting a critical link between inflammation and disease pathology. Moreover, we have also highlighted the significance of cytokines and their molecular interplay, particularly in the recent viral pandemic COVID-19 disease. Hence, understandings regarding the interplay between viral infection and cytokine responses are essential and fascinating for developing effective therapeutic strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39668237, year = {2024}, author = {Greenhalgh, T and Costello, A and Cruickshank, S and Griffin, S and Katzourakis, A and Lee, L and McKee, M and Michie, S and Pagel, C and Reicher, S and Roberts, A and Robertson, D and Salisbury, H and Yates, K and , }, title = {Independent SAGE as an example of effective public dialogue on scientific research.}, journal = {Nature protocols}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {39668237}, issn = {1750-2799}, abstract = {The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020 and then a pandemic on 11 March 2020. In early 2020, a group of UK scientists volunteered to provide the public with up-to-date and transparent scientific information. The group formed the Independent Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (Independent SAGE) and provided live weekly briefings to the public via YouTube. In this Perspective, we describe how and why this group came together and the challenges it faced. We reflect on 4 years of scientific information broadcasting and discuss the guiding principles followed by Independent SAGE, which may be broadly transferable for strengthening the scientist-public dialogue during public health emergencies in future settings. We discuss the provision of clarity and transparency, engagement with the science-policy interface, the practice of interdisciplinarity, the centrality of addressing inequity, the need for dialogue and partnership with the public, the importance of support for advocacy groups, the diversification of communication channels and modalities, the adoption of regular and organized internal communications, the resourcing and support of the group's communications and the active opposition of misinformation and disinformation campaigns. We reflect on what we might do differently next time and propose research aimed at building the evidence base for optimizing informal scientific advisory groups in crisis situations.}, }
@article {pmid39667968, year = {2024}, author = {Sun, Q and Li, S and Gao, M and Pang, Y}, title = {Therapeutic Strategies for Tuberculosis: Progress and Lessons Learned.}, journal = {Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES}, volume = {37}, number = {11}, pages = {1310-1323}, doi = {10.3967/bes2024.168}, pmid = {39667968}, issn = {2214-0190}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Tuberculosis/drug therapy/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, ranking second only to COVID-19 as the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, with 1.3 million TB-related deaths reported in 2022. Treatment efficacy has been compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant strains, including rifampin-resistant TB (RR-TB), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Although first-line drugs like isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol form the cornerstone of TB therapy, the rise of resistant strains necessitates the use of second-line drugs, which often come with increased toxicity and limited accessibility. Recent advances have focused on repurposing existing compounds and developing new drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Promising agents such as second-generation bedaquiline analogs (TBAJ-587, TBAJ-876), sudapyridine (WX-081), delamanid, pretomanid, and TBI-166 (pyrifazimine) have shown efficacy against resistant Mtb strains. Innovative treatment regimens like the BPaLM protocol-combining bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, and moxifloxacin-offer shorter, all-oral therapies with higher cure rates. Personalized treatment durations and dose optimizations are becoming feasible through risk stratification algorithms and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies. Immunotherapy is emerging as a complementary strategy to enhance the host's immune response against Mtb. Agents such as vitamin D, corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), statins, metformin, and biological agents like interleukins and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor are under exploration. Additionally, cell therapies involving mesenchymal stem cells and immune effector cells present new therapeutic avenues. Despite these advancements, significant challenges remain in achieving the World Health Organization's "End TB Strategy" goals, particularly as the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources and attention. Ongoing research and global collaboration are crucial to develop novel therapeutic strategies, optimize treatment regimens, and ultimately reduce the global burden of TB.}, }
@article {pmid39667587, year = {2025}, author = {Romanet, C and Wormser, J and Cachanado, M and Santiago, MG and Chatellier, G and Valenza, MC and Philippart, F}, title = {Effectiveness of physiotherapy modalities on persisting dyspnoea in long COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Respiratory medicine}, volume = {236}, number = {}, pages = {107909}, doi = {10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107909}, pmid = {39667587}, issn = {1532-3064}, mesh = {Adult ; Humans ; *Dyspnea/etiology/psychology/therapy ; *Physical Therapy Modalities ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/complications/psychology/therapy ; Quality of Life ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dyspnoea is often found months and years later in the "long-covid" syndrome, impairing quality of life and further perpetuating anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorders. Physiotherapy was recommended as a treatment in long-covid, but there is still insufficient evidence on its effectiveness.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search on MEDLINE, PEDro, WOS, Scopus, VHL and the Cochrane Library until July 2023 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023427464). We selected comparative trials including adults with persistent breathlessness following COVID-19, regardless of the initial severity, for whom physiotherapy was implemented as a treatment for dyspnoea. We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and assessed the study quality using the PEDro Scale.<br><br>RESULTS: 19 studies that included 1292 adults fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which 15 were randomised controlled trials and 4 non-randomised controlled trials. As for the rehabilitation modalities, 6 studies used respiratory muscle training, 6 studies used low to moderate intensity rehabilitation, 6 used high intensity rehabilitation and one used passive rehabilitation. The methods used between and within each group differed greatly, leading to an expected high heterogeneity of results. Nethertheless the random-effects model found a significant difference favouring physiotherapy (SMD -0.63, 95 CI [-1.03; -0.24], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001, I[2]&#xa0;=&#xa0;88&#xa0;%). Subgroup analysis showed a significant effect in the high intensity rehabilitation group alone, with null heterogeneity.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In people suffering from dyspnoea following a SARS-CoV-2 infection, physiotherapy and especially pulmonary rehabilitation may help alleviate respiratory symptoms. Future studies will need to provide more consistent rehabilitation methods and better descriptions of them so as to reveal clear effects and avoid the confusion caused by using too many rehabilitation modalities.}, }
@article {pmid39667418, year = {2025}, author = {Naqvi, N and Ahuja, Y and Zarin, S and Alam, A and Ali, W and Shariq, M and Hasnain, SE and Ehtesham, NZ}, title = {BCG's role in strengthening immune responses: Implications for tuberculosis and comorbid diseases.}, journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases}, volume = {127}, number = {}, pages = {105703}, doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105703}, pmid = {39667418}, issn = {1567-7257}, mesh = {Humans ; *BCG Vaccine/immunology/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/immunology/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Tuberculosis/immunology/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Comorbidity ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; HIV Infections/immunology/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {The BCG vaccine represents a significant milestone in the prevention of tuberculosis (TB), particularly in children. Researchers have been developing recombinant BCG (rBCG) variants that can trigger lasting memory responses, thereby enhancing protection against TB in adults. The breakdown of immune surveillance is a key link between TB and other communicable and non-communicable diseases. Notably, TB is more prevalent among people with comorbidities such as HIV, diabetes, cancer, influenza, COVID-19, and autoimmune disorders. rBCG formulations have the potential to address both TB and HIV co-pandemics. TB increases the risk of lung cancer and immunosuppression caused by cancer can reactivate latent TB infections. Moreover, BCG's efficacy extends to bladder cancer treatment and blood glucose regulation in patients with diabetes and TB. Additionally, BCG provides cross-protection against unrelated pathogens, emphasizing the importance of BCG-induced trained immunity in COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. Furthermore, BCG reduced the severity of pulmonary TB-induced influenza virus infections. Recent studies have proposed innovations in BCG delivery, revaccination, and attenuation techniques. Disease-centered research has highlighted the immunomodulatory effects of BCG on TB, HIV, cancer, diabetes, COVID-19, and autoimmune diseases. The complex relationship between TB and comorbidities requires a nuanced re-evaluation to understand the shared attributes regulated by BCG. This review assessed the interconnected relationships influenced by BCG administration in TB and related disorders, recommending the expanded use of rBCG in healthcare. Collaboration among vaccine research stakeholders is vital to enhance BCG's efficacy against global health challenges.}, }
@article {pmid39666415, year = {2024}, author = {Melcon, MO and Garcías, C}, title = {[Acute undifferentiated febrile illness among outpatients: differential diagnosis between dengue, zika, Argentine hemorrhagic fever and COVID-19].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {84}, number = {6}, pages = {1215-1225}, pmid = {39666415}, issn = {1669-9106}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis/complications ; *Dengue/diagnosis ; *Fever/diagnosis/etiology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Acute Disease ; Outpatients ; Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/diagnosis ; }, abstract = {The "acute undifferentiated febrile illness" (AUFI) encompasses a range of diseases characterized by the presence of fever, often prompting consultations in emergency services. During epidemics like COVID-19 or dengue, a surge in consultations occurs, resulting in long wait times for patients. Errors in first diagnosis can result in severe consequences. The objective is to provide a comprehensive review of the clinical approach to AUFI, focusing on certain viral infections (dengue, zika, Argentine hemorrhagic fever and COVID-19). This involves a detailed examination of the clinical presentation, laboratory and radiological findings, neurological manifestations, and definitive diagnosis through specific serological tests. AUFI is characterized by the onset of acute fever lasting less than seven days, accompanied by myalgia or headache without involvement of the upper respiratory tract and without a defined cause. Most cases are caused by common, self-limiting viral infections (e.g., influenza); however, they may also stem from more serious viral infections with a broad etiological spectrum. The differential diagnosis of acute febrile syndromes includes various infectious diseases, such as those previously mentioned. The definitive diagnosis is based on serological methods, PCR and IgM. Recommendations based on scientific evidence can help with early diagnosis and prevent possible serious complications.}, }
@article {pmid39666414, year = {2024}, author = {Sánchez Doncell, J and Menéndez Veloz, S and Aguiar, K and Lemos, M and Tucciarelli, L and Francos, JL}, title = {[Epidemiological surveillance: review of data from the Febrile Unit of the Muñiz Hospital 2020-2024].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {84}, number = {6}, pages = {1206-1214}, pmid = {39666414}, issn = {1669-9106}, mesh = {Argentina/epidemiology ; Burnout, Psychological ; *Dengue/epidemiology ; *Fever/epidemiology/etiology ; Hospital Units/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Mpox, Monkeypox/epidemiology ; *Public Health Surveillance ; Risk Factors ; Humans ; }, abstract = {The appearance of epidemiological events that threaten the health system marked the importance of responses that go beyond the dissemination of information and since the COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of the City of Buenos Aires (Argentina) proposed an epidemiological surveillance model in devices called Febrile Units (UF). At the Muñiz Hospital, this unit provided epidemiological surveillance strategies in the pandemic and the different epidemics and outbreaks, still continuing its operation today. The objective of this work is to evaluate the implementation of the Febril Unit as an epidemiological surveillance structure. A review of the literature of epidemiological surveillance was carried out in the Febril Unit (UF) of the Muñiz hospital from 2020 to 2024, evaluating 3 elements of public health: diseases, risk factors, and other public health events. The search for epidemiological surveillance information generated 15 results in the final review, from which the following are described: diseases (COVID-19, monkeypox and dengue), associated risk factors (obesity and COPD in COVID-19, HIV,tuberculosis in COVID-19) and other public health events (tuberculosis, other respiratory viruses, burnout - emotional impact). The implementation of an epidemiological surveillance system together with a multidisciplinary team is important for public policies. The health data collected, analyzed and interpreted makes it possible to plan actions and develop strategies in epidemiological surveillance. The challenge is to find a response where the public health and epidemiological surveillance processes are not separated.}, }
@article {pmid39666378, year = {2024}, author = {Lee, K and Chung, Y and Kim, JS}, title = {Research Trends on Metabolic Syndrome in Digital Health Care Using Topic Modeling: Systematic Search of Abstracts.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {e53873}, pmid = {39666378}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {Humans ; *Metabolic Syndrome/therapy ; *Telemedicine ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Mobile Applications ; Digital Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent health condition that affects 20%-40% of the global population. Lifestyle modification is essential for the prevention and management of MetS. Digital health care, which incorporates technologies like wearable devices, mobile apps, and telemedicine, is increasingly becoming integral to health care systems. By analyzing existing research trends in the application of digital health care for MetS management, this study identifies gaps in current knowledge and suggests avenues for future research.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify core keywords, topics, and research trends concerning the use of digital health care in the management of MetS.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search of abstracts from peer-reviewed papers was conducted across 6 academic databases. Following eligibility screening, 162 abstracts were selected for further analysis. The methodological approach included text preprocessing, text network analysis, and topic modeling using the BERTopic algorithm.<br><br>RESULTS: Analysis of the 162 selected abstracts yielded a keyword network comprising 1047 nodes and 34,377 edges. The top 5 core keywords were identified as "MetS," "use," "patient," "health," and "intervention." We identified 12 unique topics, with topic 1 focusing on the use of telehealth for self-management of diabetes. The diversity of the 12 topics reflected various aspects of digital health care, including telehealth for diabetes management, electronic health records for MetS complications, and wearable devices for monitoring metabolic status. Research trends showed an expanding field of precision medicine driven by the demand for tailored interventions and the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: By analyzing past research trends and extracting data from scholarly databases, this study has provided valuable insights that can guide future investigations in the field of digital health care and MetS management.}, }
@article {pmid39666167, year = {2024}, author = {Konisky, H and Choi, S and Valada, A and Andriano, TM and Kobets, K}, title = {A scoping review of alopecia areata and its relationship to COVID-19 vaccinations.}, journal = {Archives of dermatological research}, volume = {317}, number = {1}, pages = {111}, pmid = {39666167}, issn = {1432-069X}, mesh = {*Alopecia Areata/epidemiology/immunology ; Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; Incidence ; }, abstract = {In response to the COVID-19 pandemic several vaccines were produced, including novel mRNA and viral vector-based vaccines. Though COVID-19 had its own associated dermatological sequelae, the vaccines were associated with a new set of cutaneous side effects, including hypersensitivity reactions, vasculitis, and autoimmune-mediated reactions. Notably, alopecia areata (AA) was reported in several patients closely following a COVID-19 vaccine, especially in those with a personal or family history of AA. A PubMed and Google Scholar search was conducted in July 2024 which resulted in 26 case reports/case series, 1 prospective study, and 3 cross-sectional retrospective chart reviews. Based on our holistic literature review, there is no evidence to support an increased association between COVID-19 vaccination and AA. Despite recent literature highlighting the incidence of de novo and recurrent AA after COVID-19 vaccines, several large retrospective analyses have shown that the overall incidence of AA in vaccinated individuals does not differ from that of historical controls. The potential for de novo AA after COVID-19 vaccine is low and the benefit of being vaccinated far outweighed the risks, especially within the first few years of COVID-19 vaccine rollout. While the decision to get vaccinated is a personal choice, the threat of developing AA secondary to vaccination should not be a deterrent.}, }
@article {pmid39666114, year = {2024}, author = {Zali, M and Sadat Larijani, M and Bavand, A and Moradi, L and Ashrafian, F and Ramezani, A}, title = {Circulatory microRNAs as potential biomarkers for different aspects of COVID-19.}, journal = {Archives of virology}, volume = {170}, number = {1}, pages = {8}, pmid = {39666114}, issn = {1432-8798}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/blood ; *Biomarkers/blood ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; MicroRNAs/blood/genetics ; Prognosis ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; Circulating MicroRNA/blood ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can alter the expression levels of host microRNAs (miRNAs). Increasing evidence suggests that circulating miRNAs can potentially play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of respiratory infectious diseases, especially COVID-19, and might serve as sensitive indicators of disease before the emergence of clinical symptoms. Here, we review the potential of circulatory microRNAs as novel biomarkers for different aspects of COVID-19. Recent studies have suggested that they can be useful not only for COVID-19 prognosis but also for prediction of disease severity and mortality among intensive care unit (ICU) and ward patients. Moreover, extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNAs can be associated with antibody titer after COVID-19 vaccination. This review provides an overview of miRNA-based biomarkers.}, }
@article {pmid39665720, year = {2025}, author = {Brahimi, N and Croitoru, D and Saidoune, F and Zabihi, H and Gilliet, M and Piguet, V}, title = {From Viral Infection to Skin Affliction: Unveiling Mechanisms of Cutaneous Manifestations in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Conditions.}, journal = {The Journal of investigative dermatology}, volume = {145}, number = {2}, pages = {257-265}, doi = {10.1016/j.jid.2024.03.047}, pmid = {39665720}, issn = {1523-1747}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Skin/pathology/immunology/virology ; *Skin Diseases/virology/immunology ; *Skin Diseases, Viral/immunology ; Interferon Type I/immunology/metabolism ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 skin manifestations are multifaceted, ranging from urticaria, morbilliform or papulovesicular rash, livedoid purpuric lesions, and to pseudochilblains (also called COVID toes). Recent insights into the mechanism of these manifestations have highlighted that morbilliform, papulovesicular, and livedoid/purpuric rashes are related to virus-induced endothelial cell damage and linked to moderate-to-severe disease, whereas pseudochilblains are related to an exaggerated IFN-1 production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in protected individuals. In this paper, we will review the clinical and physiopathological features of cutaneous COVID-19 manifestations in relation to the direct viral cytopathic effects and dysregulated IFN-1 responses. We will also review the emerging insights into post-COVID conditions (also termed long COVID) and how they may be implicated in the persistence of COVID-19-associated skin diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39665337, year = {2024}, author = {Littlecott, H and Krishnaratne, S and Hummel, J and Orban, E and Heinsohn, T and Noel-Storr, AH and Strahwald, B and Jung-Sievers, C and Ravens-Sieberer, U and Rehfuess, E}, title = {Unintended consequences of measures implemented in the school setting to contain the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.}, journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {CD015397}, pmid = {39665337}, issn = {1469-493X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/transmission ; *Schools ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Public Health ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; School Teachers ; Child ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, schools were a key setting for intervening with public health and social measures (PHSM) to reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Consequently, there is a need to assess the varied unintended consequences associated with PHSM implemented in the school setting, for students, teachers, and school staff, as well as for families and the wider community. This is an update of a Cochrane scoping review first published in 2022.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To comprehensively identify and summarise the published literature on the unintended consequences of public health and social measures implemented in the school setting to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. This will serve to identify critical knowledge gaps to inform future primary research and systematic reviews. It may also serve as a resource for future pandemic management.<br><br>SEARCH METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Web of Science on 5 and 6 January 2023. We also searched two COVID-19-specific databases (Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register and WHO COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease). Finally, we reviewed the included studies of all relevant systematic reviews and guidelines identified through the searches.<br><br>SELECTION CRITERIA: We included studies that empirically assessed the impact of PHSM implemented in the school setting to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We imposed no restrictions with regard to the types of populations and specific interventions. Outcomes of interest were consequences that were measured or experienced, but not anticipated consequences. This review focused on real-world evidence: empirical quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies were eligible for inclusion, but modelling studies were ineligible.<br><br>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The review was guided by a logic model. In line with the latest Cochrane effectiveness review of school measures to contain COVID-19 and a conceptual framework of PHSM, this logic model distinguishes between measures to make contacts safer (related to individual protection and the physical environment), measures to reduce contacts (related to social interactions, movement, and services) and surveillance and response measures. Unintended consequences comprise the following categories: health and well-being, health system and social welfare services, human and fundamental rights, acceptability and adherence, equality and equity, social and institutional, economic and resource, and ecological. The review team screened all titles and abstracts, then potentially eligible full-text articles, in duplicate. Across the included studies, we summarised and presented types of measures, consequences, and study designs using the predefined categories of the logic model, while allowing for emerging categories.<br><br>MAIN RESULTS: We included 60 studies (57 new to this update) from 25 countries. There were 31 quantitative studies, 17 qualitative studies, and 12 mixed-method studies. Most targeted either students (26 studies), teachers and school staff (11 studies), or students and school staff (12 studies). Others evaluated measures aimed at parents (2 studies), staff and parents (1 study), students and teachers (3 studies), or the whole school (5 studies). The measures were related to individual protection (26 studies), the physical environment (20 studies), social interactions (25 studies), services (1 study), movement (3 studies), surveillance (9 studies) and response (7 studies). Nine studies evaluated the combined effect of multiple measures. The main consequences assessed were from the categories health and well-being (29 studies), acceptability and adherence (31 studies), and social and institutional (23 studies). Fewer studies covered consequences from the categories equality and equity (2 studies), economic and resource (7 studies), and ecological (1 study). No studies examined consequences for the health system and social welfare services or for human and fundamental rights.<br><br>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review provides an overview of the evidence on the unintended consequences of PHSM implemented in the school setting to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The 60 included studies describe a broad body of evidence and cover a range of measures and unintended consequences, primarily consequences for health and well-being, acceptability and adherence, social and institutional aspects, and economic aspects. The main gaps identified relate to consequences of school measures for the health system and social welfare services, human and fundamental rights, equality and equity, and the environment. Further research is needed to fill these gaps, making use of diverse methodological approaches. Future studies should explore unintended consequences - whether beneficial or harmful - in more depth and over longer time periods, in different population groups, and across different contexts. A more robust evidence base could inform and facilitate decisions about whether, how, and when to implement or terminate COVID-19 risk mitigation measures in school settings, and how to counter negative unintended consequences.<br><br>FUNDING: This publication was partially funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the Network of University Medicine (NUM) 1.0, Grant No. 01KX2021 in the context of the project CEOsys, and NUM 2.0, Grant No. 01KX2121 in the context of the projects PREPARED and coverCHILD.<br><br>REGISTRATION: The protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/bsxh8). The previous review is published in the Cochrane Library (10.1002/14651858.CD015397).}, }
@article {pmid39665205, year = {2025}, author = {Ly, NH and Choo, J and Gnanasekaran, L and Aminabhavi, TM and Vasseghian, Y and Joo, SW}, title = {Recent Plasmonic Gold- and Silver-Assisted Raman Spectra for Advanced SARS-CoV-2 Detection.}, journal = {ACS applied bio materials}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {88-107}, doi = {10.1021/acsabm.4c01457}, pmid = {39665205}, issn = {2576-6422}, mesh = {*Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods ; *Gold/chemistry ; *Silver/chemistry ; *SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification ; Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/virology ; *Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 has become one of the deadliest epidemics in the past years. In efforts to combat the deadly disease besides vaccines, drug therapies, and facemasks, significant focus has been on designing specific methods for the sensitive and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2. Of these, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an attractive analytical tool for the identification of SARS-CoV-2. SERS is the phenomenon of enhancement of Raman intensity signals from molecular analytes anchored onto the surfaces of roughened plasmonic nanomaterials. This work gives an updated summary of plasmonic gold nanomaterials (AuNMs) and silver nanomaterials (AgNMs)-based SERS technologies to identify SARS-CoV-2. Due to extreme "hot spots" promoting higher electromagnetic fields on their surfaces, different shapes of AuNMs and AgNMs combined with Raman probes have been reviewed for enhancing Raman signals of probe molecules for quantifying the virus. It also reviews progress made recently in the design of certain specific Raman probe molecules capable of imparting characteristic SERS response/tags for SARS-CoV-2 detection.}, }
@article {pmid39664549, year = {2024}, author = {Kiosia, A and Boylan, S and Retford, M and Marques, LP and Bueno, FTC and Kirima, C and Islam, MS and Naheed, A and Wozencraft, A}, title = {Current data science capacity building initiatives for health researchers in LMICs: global &amp; regional efforts.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1418382}, pmid = {39664549}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {*Capacity Building ; Humans ; *Developing Countries ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Data Science ; Research Personnel ; Africa ; Latin America ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Data science approaches have proved crucial for generating major insights to address public health challenges. While such approaches have played significant roles during the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been limited investment in capacity building in data science skills and infrastructure for health researchers in LMICs.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This review aims to identify current health data science capacity building initiatives and gaps in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), to support knowledge sharing and collaborations, and inform future initiatives and associated investment.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a literature review using PubMed and Scopus, supplemented by a grey literature search on Google to identify relevant initiatives. Articles were screened based on inclusion criteria.<br><br>FINDINGS: From 212 records, 85 met inclusion criteria, with 20 from PubMed and Scopus, and 65 from grey literature. The majority of programmes are tailored to specific disease areas, varying by region. Despite these efforts, there are limited initiatives with a clear, documented strategy on data science capacity building to accelerate global research insights, with the majority adopting a fragmented approach.<br><br>Despite the integration of data science approaches into health research initiatives in LMICs, there is a need for a standardised framework on data science capacity building to facilitate multidisciplinary and global collaboration. Structured approaches, inter-disciplinary, inter-regional connections and robust impact measurement will all be vital for advancing health research insights in these settings.}, }
@article {pmid39664506, year = {2024}, author = {Hlophe, ST and Mphahlele, R and Mortimer, K and Masekela, R}, title = {Interventions to reduce the impact of outdoor air pollution on asthma: A systematic review.}, journal = {African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine}, volume = {30}, number = {3}, pages = {e1992}, pmid = {39664506}, issn = {2617-0205}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Exposure to air pollution can cause adverse health effects in people living with chronic lung disease. In people with asthma, it is not clear whether strategies to reduce outdoor air pollution can affect clinical symptoms and lung function.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To determine strategies to reduce air pollution exposure for people with asthma, and to describe the effect of reduced air pollution on asthma outcome.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted of six databases for English literature. Any study published between April 2012 and March 2022 that mentioned air pollution exposure reduction and asthma was reviewed. Two reviewers (STH and RMp) screened and extracted the data separately, using a standardised form based on the Cochrane data extraction tool. Risk of bias was assessed using the risk-of bias 2 tool. Outcome measures were the Asthma Control Test (ACT), the Childhood Asthma Control Test, exacerbations, and the forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 /FVC ratio. The study was registered with PROSPERO (reg. no. CRD42022341648).<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 11 116 identified studies, eight met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 11 395 043 participants. Clean air policy implementation modestly improved lung function, as shown by an increase in FVC and FEV1 of 0.02 L/year and 0.01 L/year, respectively. Reduction of exposure to outdoor smoke pollution with use of mobile application alerts resulted in behavioural change and improved ACT scores over 8 weeks (mean (standard deviation (SD)) 21.5 (2.3) compared with baseline (20.0 (2.4); p<0.001). Asthma control improved during low levels of pollution related to COVID-19 lockdown, as shown by mean (SD) ACT scores (17.3 (4.7) v. 19.7 (4.5); p<0.001) and associated declines in mean daily hospital admissions (4.5 (3.4) days v. 2.8 (2.5) days; p<0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Air pollution is a major hazard, and strategies to reduce exposure have a positive outcome in terms of the asthma morbidity. This field would benefit from further high-quality randomised clinical trial evidence to inform policy and decision-making.<br><br>STUDY SYNOPSIS: What the study adds. The prevalence and burden of asthma are increasing globally. Air pollution exposure is a major cause of worse asthma symptoms. Strategies to reduce air pollution or exposure to it may contribute towards improved quality of life. This study highlights potential strategies and their effect on asthma outcome.Implications of the findings. A combination of individual activities and actions by governments to reduce air pollution can improve asthma outcome. A focus on education together with behavioural changes can reduce exposure at the individual level. Implementation of clean air policies reduces air pollution exposure and improves lung health.}, }
@article {pmid39664289, year = {2024}, author = {Roh, KM and Awosika, A and Millis, RM}, title = {Advances in Wearable Stethoscope Technology: Opportunities for the Early Detection and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {16}, number = {12}, pages = {e75446}, pmid = {39664289}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {Wearable technology, including devices like Apple and Samsung watches, Fitbits, and smart rings, has become widely popular. However, while these consumer electronics are readily available, they do not yet meet the accuracy and safety standards required for medical devices by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred demand for wearable medical devices, particularly those that can support telemedicine and telehealth. Among these, wearable electronic stethoscopes hold significant promise for early detection and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, which remain the leading cause of death globally. This review highlights the potential of wearable electronic stethoscopes to transform cardiovascular health management by enabling early diagnosis and self-monitoring. Additionally, it examines the current challenges and technological advancements needed to overcome them, underscoring the vital role that wearable electronic stethoscopes could play in improving global health outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid39664044, year = {2024}, author = {Bae, AY and Kim, DH and Hwang, SH}, title = {Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Persistent Olfactory Impairment After COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Journal of rhinology : official journal of the Korean Rhinologic Society}, volume = {31}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, pmid = {39664044}, issn = {2384-4361}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of topical platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection on persistent refractory olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19 infection.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted, focusing on studies that compared the efficacy of topical PRP treatment with a control group (receiving either placebo or no treatment) in ameliorating olfactory dysfunction. Pre- and post-treatment comparisons were evaluated, along with a subgroup analysis of olfactory function evaluation.<br><br>RESULTS: The analysis revealed a significant improvement in olfactory scores between 1 to 3 months post-treatment (standardized mean difference=1.4376; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.5934-2.2818; I[2]=84.1%) in the treatment group compared to the control group. Moreover, a notable disparity was observed between the two groups in the incidence of substantial recovery from anosmia or hyposmia (odds ratio=8.6639; 95% CI=2.9752-25.2292; I[2]=0.0%). PRP treatment led to a clinically significant increase in the threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) score for the Sniffin' Sticks test by >5.5 (minimum clinically significant difference; mean difference, 6.3494; 95% CI=4.0605-8.6384; I[2]=0.0%), as confirmed by verified examinations. The odds ratio for significant improvement among patients after treatment was determined to be 0.7654 (95% CI=0.6612-0.8451). Furthermore, all TDI subdomains exhibited significant and comparable improvements post-treatment.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis indicates that the injection of PRP into the olfactory fissure or surrounding mucosal areas is an effective treatment for persistent refractory olfactory dysfunction.}, }
@article {pmid39663655, year = {2025}, author = {Hassett, TC and Stuhlsatz, G and Snyder, JE}, title = {A Scoping Review and Assessment of the Area-Level Composite Measures That Estimate Social Determinants of Health Across the United States.}, journal = {Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)}, volume = {140}, number = {1}, pages = {67-102}, pmid = {39663655}, issn = {1468-2877}, mesh = {*Social Determinants of Health ; Humans ; United States ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Health Policy ; Health Status Disparities ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Evidence-informed population health initiatives often leverage data from various sources, such as epidemiologic surveillance data and administrative datasets. Recent interest has arisen in using area-level composite measures describing a community's social risks to inform the development and implementation of health policies, including payment reform initiatives. Our objective was to capture the breadth of available area-level composite measures that describe social determinants of health (SDH) and have potential for application in population health and policy work.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of the scientific literature from 2010 to 2022 to identify multifactorial indices and rankings reflected in peer-reviewed literature that estimate SDH and that have publicly accessible data sources. We discovered several additional composite measures incidental to the scoping review process. Literature searches for each composite measure aimed to contextualize common applications in public health investigations.<br><br>RESULTS: From 491 studies, we identified 31 composite measures and categorized them into 8 domains: environmental conditions and pollution, opportunity and infrastructure, deprivation and well-being, COVID-19, rurality, food insecurity, emergency response and community resilience, and health. Composite measures are applied most often as an independent variable associated with disparities, risk factors, and/or outcomes affecting individuals, populations, communities, and health systems.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Area-level composite measures describing SDH have been applied to wide-ranging population health work. Social risk indicators may enable policy makers, evaluators, and researchers to better assess community risks and needs, thereby facilitating the evidence-informed development, implementation, and study of initiatives that aim to improve population health.}, }
@article {pmid39663349, year = {2024}, author = {Jones, J and Lignou, S and Unguru, Y and Sheehan, M and Dunn, M and Seltzer, RR}, title = {Alterations in care for children with special healthcare needs during the early COVID-19 pandemic: ethical and policy considerations.}, journal = {Monash bioethics review}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {39663349}, issn = {1836-6716}, support = {2349761//Rotary Foundation/ ; 221719/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 221719/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 221719/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 221719/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 221719/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 221719/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; AH/W003945/1//UKRI Arts and Humanities Research Council/ ; AH/W003945/1//UKRI Arts and Humanities Research Council/ ; }, abstract = {Healthcare delivery and access, both in the United States and globally, were negatively affected during the entirety of the COVID-19 pandemic. This was particularly true during the first year when countries grappled with high rates of illness and implemented non-pharmaceutical interventions such as stay-at-home orders. Among children with special healthcare needs, research from the United Kingdom (U.K.) has shown that the pandemic response uniquely impacted various aspects of their care, including decreased access to care, delays in diagnosis, and poorer chronic disease control. In response to these findings, and to begin to comprehend whether the concerning findings from the nationalized system of healthcare in the U.K. extend to the highly dissimilar United States (U.S.) healthcare context, we reviewed the literature on alterations in access to and delivery of care during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic for children with special healthcare needs in the U.S. We then utilize these findings to consider the ethical and policy considerations of alterations in healthcare provision during pandemics and crisis events in the U.K. and U.S. and make recommendations regarding how the needs of CSHCN should be considered during future responses.}, }
@article {pmid39663274, year = {2025}, author = {Zedde, M and Quatrale, R and Andreone, V and Pezzella, FR and Micieli, G and Cortelli, P and Sette, MD and Pascarella, R}, title = {Post-infectious central nervous system vasculitides in adults: an underdiagnosed and treatable disease part II. Neuroimaging of selected etiologies : Part II. Neuroimaging of selected etiologies.}, journal = {Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology}, volume = {46}, number = {3}, pages = {1073-1086}, pmid = {39663274}, issn = {1590-3478}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/diagnostic imaging/etiology/therapy ; *Neuroimaging/methods ; Adult ; COVID-19/complications/diagnostic imaging ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: As detailed in the first part of this review, post-infectious vasculitides are a wide and complex category, including several clinical, microbiological and neuroradiological patterns. In order to raise the suspicion for diagnosis, the knowledge of two different neuroradiological issues is needed, i.e. the knowledge of neuroimaging pattern of infections and the one of neuroimaging pattern of vasculitis.<br><br>AIMS: The main aim of this second part is to summarize the neuroradiological features of post-infectious vasculitides focusing on imaging of vessels and consequences of vessel involvement, continuing the discussion proposed in the first part about neuroimaging of infections. In some cases, the two neuroradiological issues are both simultaneously present in the same patient, but in other cases only the second one can be depicted due to the latency between infection and vasculitis.<br><br>FINDINGS: Beyond general features of cerebral vascular involvement in post-infectious vasculitides, some well-studied and homogenous diseases, as treponemal vasculitis, Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) arteriopathy, neuroborreliosis, SARS-CoV2-related endotheliopathy are described in detail, being not rare and sometimes underdiagnosed. The main clinical and neuroradiological features of these conditions are deeply addressed, providing diagnostic clues and pictorial examples.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Although some general features are common in clinical presentation and neuroimaging of post-infectious vasculitides, there are few neuroimaging clues pointing out a specific microbial agent as causative. The main step is to raise the diagnostic suspicion in order to start the dedicated investigation pathway and treatment.}, }
@article {pmid39663247, year = {2025}, author = {Miani, C and Niemann, J}, title = {[Innovation in abortion care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, France and Great Britain : Paths to maintaining access and building system resilience].}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {68}, number = {1}, pages = {53-61}, pmid = {39663247}, issn = {1437-1588}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; *Health Services Accessibility/statistics &amp; numerical data/trends/organization &amp; administration ; Germany/epidemiology ; *Abortion, Induced/statistics &amp; numerical data/trends ; France/epidemiology ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Telemedicine/statistics &amp; numerical data/trends/organization &amp; administration ; *Pandemics ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has had a drastic impact on healthcare systems. They had to react, adapt and innovate in order to build resilience, that is maintain healthcare access and health equity. For example, access to abortion services during the pandemic was increasingly facilitated through "Telehealth for Early Medical Abortion" (TEMA).This narrative review article compares Germany, France and Great Britain in terms of abortion numbers, methods and settings from 2018 to 2023. Changes in the availability of services and legislation during the pandemic are presented, and the differences between the countries, as well as various innovation factors, are discussed. We used national statistics and conducted a literature and online search (Rapid Review).In the three countries, there are differences in abortion rates, the share of medical abortions and the impact of the pandemic. In France and Great Britain, where medical abortion is the main method of abortion and where abortion care was more accessible before the pandemic than in Germany, a series of innovations were officially introduced to facilitate access during the pandemic. They included teleconsultations and the mailing of abortion medication. Most changes have been sustained since then, contributing to addressing historic and systemic health inequities in terms of access. In Germany, innovations during the pandemic have been crafted mainly by civil society organisations, offering for the first time teleabortion services.The COVID-19 pandemic provoked or accelerated innovation in terms of abortion care in France, Germany and Great Britain. The sustainability and scaling-up of those innovations remain fragile, especially in Germany, where the disruptive approach of civil society organisations has not yet found its way into mainstream healthcare services.}, }
@article {pmid39663173, year = {2024}, author = {Thomas, B and Pattinson, R and Edwards, D and Dale, C and Jenkins, B and Lande, H and Bundy, C and Davies, J}, title = {Defining and measuring long COVID fatigue: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {e088530}, pmid = {39663173}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Fatigue/etiology/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Long COVID encompasses a range of symptoms in which fatigue is one of the most prevalents. It is clear from other conditions that the definition and measurement of fatigue can be complex, but it is not clear how fatigue is defined and measured in long COVID. To advance our understanding, this review summarises the definitions and measures of long COVID fatigue being used by researchers.<br><br>DESIGN: Scoping review following JBI methodology and reports using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMCARE, Web of Science, Epistemonikos, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Dimensions, Overton and ProQuest Dissertation &amp; Theses Database were searched from January 2020 to May 2023.<br><br>ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: This review included quantitative and qualitative studies that included any definition of long COVID and/or measurement tool that purported to quantify either the impact, severity or symptoms of long COVID fatigue.<br><br>DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent reviewers screened the title, abstracts and full texts of the selected studies based on the inclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers. The data were summarised in tabular format and a narrative summary.<br><br>RESULTS: The search retrieved 9839 studies, of which 57 met the inclusion criteria. Only 21 (37%) provided a definition of fatigue. Definitions ranged across physical, mental, cognitive, emotional, psychosocial, central, peripheral, postexertional symptom exacerbation and general dimensions of fatigue. Fifty-five (96%) used a measurement or assessment of fatigue. Twenty-six measures of fatigue were identified: 21 self-report measures (eg, Fatigue Assessment Scale) and five fatigability measures that purport to reflect changes in physiological processes that contribute to or reflect fatigue (eg, change in force generating capacity of a muscle).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The definitions identified demonstrate considerable diversity, each highlighting different dimensions of long COVID fatigue. Long COVID fatigue was predominantly measured through self-report methods, which were problematic. There is an urgent need to better understand long COVID fatigue and to identify the different mechanisms involved. In order to do this, we need consistency with the language around fatigue and its measurement within research and across disciplines.<br><br>REVIEW REGISTRATION: The protocol has been registered on open science framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HNF8Z).}, }
@article {pmid39663125, year = {2024}, author = {Brennan-Wilson, A and Ain, QU and Ozkaya, C and Amin, A and García-Moreno, C and Thurston, A and Mackenzie, A and Lagdon, S and Stark, P and Lohan, M}, title = {What research evidence is required on violence against women to inform future pandemic preparedness? A scoping review of the research evidence and gaps.}, journal = {BMJ global health}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {}, pmid = {39663125}, issn = {2059-7908}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Female ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Gender-Based Violence/prevention &amp; control ; Pandemic Preparedness ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Violence against women (VAW) during the COVID-19 pandemic was described as the 'shadow pandemic' with an increase in reports of VAW. As countries now focus on becoming more resilient to future pandemics, it is critical to understand what we learnt about evidence on VAW burden, prevention, and response during the COVID-19 pandemic. The WHO commissioned this scoping review to gain an understanding of the research evidence on VAW during COVID-19 and to inform future pandemic preparedness efforts.<br><br>METHODS: Terms relating to VAW and COVID-19 were used to search six databases between 1 January 2020 and 11 February 2023, inclusive of all study designs. Data on thematic focus (ie, burden of violence and/or interventions/services), types of violence, study design, study setting and participant characteristics were synthesised.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 25&#x2009;080 identified records, 694 publications were reviewed in full text and 419 publications were included. The majority (>95%) of the published research was devoted to documenting the burden of VAW, while only 6.2% studied solutions (interventions/services), with even less emphasis on identifying how to prevent VAW in a pandemic context (1%). Gaps in research on VAW that existed prior to the pandemic on women who face multiple intersecting forms of disadvantage endured. Outstanding also was the gap in research on digital-mediated violence (<5%), even as reports of online facilitated violence soared. Additionally, gaps in evidence on specific types of violence such as femicide, forced marriage and acid attacks persisted.<br><br>CONCLUSION: That VAW will be a critical concern, and its impacts worsened during pandemics in the future is certain. The research community does not need to spend more on understanding the burden of forms of VAW but pivot to research to adapt and innovate how to deliver prevention and support services, especially to populations who are disproportionately impacted. In addition to addressing this broader gap in prevention and response during pandemics, further evidence is required on the specific area of technology-mediated violence, femicide, forced marriage and acid attacks.}, }
@article {pmid39662824, year = {2025}, author = {Górska, A and Canziani, LM and Rinaldi, E and Pana, ZD and Beale, S and Bai, F and Boxma-de Klerk, BM and de Bruijn, S and Donà, D and Ekkelenkamp, MB and Incardona, F and Mallon, P and Marchetti, GC and Puhan, M and Riva, A and Simensen, VC and Vaillant, M and van der Zalm, MM and van Kuijk, SMJ and Wingerden, SV and Judd, A and Tacconelli, E and Peñalvo, JL}, title = {Learning from post-COVID-19 condition for epidemic preparedness: a variable catalogue for future post-acute infection syndromes.}, journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {380-388}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2024.12.001}, pmid = {39662824}, issn = {1469-0691}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Europe/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Pandemic Preparedness ; }, abstract = {SCOPE: The emergence of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) after SARS-CoV-2 infection underscores the critical need for preparedness in addressing future post-acute infection syndromes (PAIS), particularly those linked to epidemic outbreaks. The lack of standardized clinical and epidemiological data during the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly hindered timely diagnosis and effective treatment of PCC, highlighting the necessity of pre-emptively standardizing data collection in clinical studies to better define and manage future PAIS. In response, the Cohort Coordination Board, a consortium of European-funded COVID-19 research projects, has reviewed data from PCC studies conducted by its members. This paper leverages the Cohort Coordination Board's expertise to propose a standardized catalogue of variables, informed by the lessons learned during the pandemic, intended for immediate use in the design of future observational studies and clinical trials for emerging infections of epidemic potential.<br><br>RECOMMENDATIONS: The early implementation of standardized data collection, facilitated by the PAIS data catalogue, is essential for accelerating the identification and management of PAIS in future epidemics. This approach will enable more precise syndrome definitions, expedite diagnostic processes, and optimize treatment strategies, while also supporting long-term follow-up of affected individuals. The availability of harmonized data collection protocols will enhance preparedness across European and international cohort studies, and trials enabling a prompt and coordinated response, as well as more efficient resource allocation, in the event of emerging infections and associated PAIS.}, }
@article {pmid39662700, year = {2025}, author = {Coish, JM and MacNeil, LA and MacNeil, AJ}, title = {The SARS-CoV-2 antibody-dependent enhancement façade.}, journal = {Microbes and infection}, volume = {27}, number = {3}, pages = {105464}, doi = {10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105464}, pmid = {39662700}, issn = {1769-714X}, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology ; *Antibody-Dependent Enhancement/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Virus Internalization ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; Receptors, Fc/immunology ; }, abstract = {Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is an immunological paradox whereby sensitization following a primary viral infection results in the subsequent enhancement of a similar secondary infection. This idiosyncratic immune response has been established in dengue virus infections, driven by four antigenically related serotypes co-circulating in endemic regions. Several coronaviruses exhibit antibody-mediated mechanisms of viral entry, which has led to speculation of an ADE capacity for SARS-CoV-2, though in vivo and epidemiological evidence do not currently support this phenomenon. Three distinct antibody-dependent mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 entry have recently been demonstrated: 1. FcR-dependent, 2. ACE2-FcR-interdependent, and 3. FcR-independent. These mechanisms of viral entry may be dependent on SARS-CoV-2 antibody specificity; antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) typically result in Fc-dependent and ACE2-FcR-interdependent entry, whereas antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain can induce a conformational change to the RBD that optimizes ACE2-receptor binding domain interactions independent of Fc receptors. Whether these antibody-dependent entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 result in the generation of infectious progenies and enhancement of infection has not been robustly demonstrated. Furthermore, ADE of SARS-CoV-2 mediated by antigenic seniority remains a theoretical concern, as no evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 imprinting blunts a subsequent immune response, contributing to severe COVID-19 disease.}, }
@article {pmid39662356, year = {2025}, author = {Aronowitz, SV and Zucker, N and Thompson, M and James, R and Clapp, J and Mandell, D}, title = {Patient and provider experiences with opioid use disorder care delivered via telehealth: A systematic mixed-studies review.}, journal = {Drug and alcohol dependence}, volume = {266}, number = {}, pages = {112522}, pmid = {39662356}, issn = {1879-0046}, support = {K23 DA057528/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Opioid-Related Disorders/therapy ; *Telemedicine ; *Opiate Substitution Treatment/methods ; *Buprenorphine/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/psychology ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and loosening of some opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment regulations in the U.S. and Canada, there has been a rapid rise in the use of telehealth for buprenorphine induction, maintenance, and counseling (tele-bupe). Previous reviews highlight that tele-bupe can expand access to OUD care and improve treatment retention, but none to date have synthesized patient and clinician experiences with and perceptions of this care.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This review synthesized findings from quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies that examined patient and provider experiences with tele-bupe. We assessed the perceived effectiveness and acceptability of this treatment modality.<br><br>METHODS: Our systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. In July 2023, we searched six databases using keywords 'telehealth AND opioid use disorder' (and related terms) for papers published in English. Papers were eligible for inclusion if they reported findings about patient or provider experiences. Two reviewers screened studies for inclusion; 40 studies were included. We used a data-based convergent synthesis design to extract and synthesize findings, and the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool to appraise studies.<br><br>RESULTS: Patients and providers hold generally positive views of tele-bupe and most support its continued use in some form, citing multiple benefits, including accessibility and convenience. Most studies also identified barriers to tele-bupe, including technological challenges. Patients and providers differed in how they thought telehealth affects the clinical relationship, with providers expressing more concern about rapport-building and patients stating that being in their own environments during visits facilitated comfort and openness. The findings also suggest that providers are conflicted about when and for whom tele-bupe is appropriate.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Overall, both patients and providers view tele-bupe favorably; however, providers are conflicted about the patients and situations for which it is appropriate, which may lead to inequities in who is offered this form of care.}, }
@article {pmid39661978, year = {2024}, author = {Pfitzer, E and Bitomsky, L and Nißen, M and Kausch, C and Kowatsch, T}, title = {Success Factors of Growth-Stage Digital Health Companies: Systematic Literature Review.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {e60473}, pmid = {39661978}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Telemedicine/trends ; Digital Technology ; Electronic Health Records ; Digital Health ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, digital health technologies (DHTs) have grown rapidly, driven by innovations such as electronic health records and accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased funding and regulatory support have further pushed the sector's expansion. Despite early success, many DHT companies struggle to scale, with notable examples like Pear Therapeutics and Proteus Digital Health, which both declared bankruptcy after initial breakthroughs. These cases highlight the challenges of sustaining growth in a highly regulated health care environment. While there is research on success factors across industries, a gap remains in understanding the specific challenges faced by growth-stage DHT companies.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify and discuss key factors that make growth-stage DHT companies successful. Specifically, we address three questions: (1) What are the success factors of growth-stage digital companies in general and (2) digital health companies in particular? (3) How do these success factors vary across DHTs?<br><br>METHODS: Following established PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a systematic literature review was conducted to answer the questions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using management and medical literature databases: EBSCO, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The review spanned scientific articles published from 2000 to 2023, using a rigorous screening process and quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist.<br><br>RESULTS: From the 2972 studies initially screened, 36 were selected, revealing 52 success factors. We categorized them into internal factor categories (Product and Services, Operations, Business Models, and Team Composition) and external factor categories (Customers, Health Care System, Government and Regulators, Investors and Shareholders, Suppliers and Partners, and Competitors). Of the 52 factors, 19 were specific to DHT companies. The most frequently cited internal success factors included financial viability (n=18) and market demand and relevance of the product and service (n=13). External success factors emphasized the regulatory environment and policy framework (n=15). Key differences were observed between DHTs and broader digital companies in areas such as data security (P=.03), system interoperability (P=.01), and regulatory alignment (P=.02), with DHTs showing a higher frequency of these factors. In addition, success factors varied across different DHT categories. Health System Operational Software companies emphasized affordability and system integration, while Digital Therapeutics prioritized factors related to government regulations and regulatory approval.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Essential characteristics contributing to the success of growth-stage digital health companies have been identified. This work, therefore, fills a knowledge gap and provides relevant stakeholders, including investors and entrepreneurs, with a valuable resource that can support informed decision-making in investment decisions and, in turn, enhance the success of fast-growing digital health companies. In addition, it provides the research community with a direction for future studies, enhancing the understanding, implementation, and growth of DHTs.<br><br>RR2-10.1101/2024.05.06.24306674.}, }
@article {pmid39661562, year = {2024}, author = {Palla, P and Chatzis, LG and Sipsas, NV and Goules, AV and Tzioufas, AG}, title = {Infections in Sjögren's disease: a clinical concern or not?.}, journal = {Clinical and experimental rheumatology}, volume = {42}, number = {12}, pages = {2531-2541}, doi = {10.55563/clinexprheumatol/ekder7}, pmid = {39661562}, issn = {0392-856X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology/drug therapy/complications ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications/epidemiology ; Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Autoimmunity/drug effects ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {Patients with autoimmune diseases are particularly prone to infections due to both the underlying immune dysfunction and the use of immunosuppressive therapies. Sjögren's disease (SjD) serves as a valuable model for studying the complex interplay between autoimmunity and infections. This review focuses on the infection risks associated with SjD, emphasising key areas such as oral, respiratory, and urogenital infections, along with complications arising from systemic infections. The role of infections in SjD-associated lymphoma treatment complications is also addressed. Additionally, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of autoimmune patients to severe viral infections, complicating disease management. While biologic therapies, including predominantly rituximab and belimumab have become increasingly utilised, they carry inherent risks of infections due to their immunosuppressive effects. Emerging therapies, such as ianalumab, iscalimab, dazodalibep, and remibrutinib, show efficacy in reducing disease activity but also present infection risks, with reports of upper respiratory infections and serious cases, including pneumonia and COVID-19. By exploring these infection-related challenges, this review underscores the importance of understanding the infection-autoimmunity relationship to improve outcomes for patients with SjD and similar autoimmune conditions.}, }
@article {pmid39661271, year = {2025}, author = {Machida, M and Dai, K and Nakamura, I and Inoue, S}, title = {Causes of COVID-19 Outbreaks During Sports and Exercise: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)}, volume = {55}, number = {3}, pages = {713-727}, pmid = {39661271}, issn = {1179-2035}, support = {23K16728//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/transmission/prevention &amp; control ; *Exercise ; *Sports ; *Disease Outbreaks ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Physical activity is beneficial for preventing non-communicable and infectious diseases, such as pneumonia. Physical activity is also a potential protective factor for reducing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Conversely, outbreaks of respiratory viral infections are more likely to occur owing to group activities, opportunities for contact with individuals and vocalisations. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, several cases of COVID-19 outbreaks during various sports and exercise have been reported. However, the common causes underlying these outbreaks remain unclear.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to identify the causes of COVID-19 outbreaks during sports and exercise using systematic review approach.<br><br>METHODS: Our eligibility criteria were published articles reporting case investigation on COVID-19 outbreaks and the cause during sports and exercise. Studies such as reviews and observational studies without case investigations were excluded. PubMed, CINAHL, WHO COVID-19 Research Database and Ichushi Web were searched on 28 August 2023. The quality of included studies was rated using a quality criteria checklist adapted from a previous systematic review of influenza outbreaks. Vote counting of outbreak causes was performed by type of sports (team or individual).<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-one articles reporting 22 outbreaks were identified (quality: high, 9; medium, 9; and low, 3). The outbreaks were most frequently reported in fitness classes, followed by soccer. Most studies listed multiple causes of the outbreaks. The most common suspected cause of outbreaks in individual exercise, mostly from fitness classes, was poor ventilation and not wearing masks, followed by not maintaining physical distance and participation of individuals with some symptoms. In team sports, the most common cause was interaction outside the game, such as social events.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review found a limited number of case investigations suggesting that COVID-19 outbreaks during sports and exercise may be associated with the inhalation of aerosols in indoor settings, interactions outside of team sports games and participation of individuals with some symptoms. Prevention strategies that focus on mitigating these issues may be effective at preventing sports and exercise-associated respiratory infectious diseases outbreaks.<br><br>PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023443158.}, }
@article {pmid39660715, year = {2024}, author = {Wojciulik, D and Wasilewska-Chrzanowska, AJ and Kamiński, KA and Moniuszko-Malinowska, A}, title = {The impact of genetic polymorphism on course and severity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease.}, journal = {Przeglad epidemiologiczny}, volume = {78}, number = {3}, pages = {333-344}, doi = {10.32394/pe/194862}, pmid = {39660715}, issn = {0033-2100}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Severity of Illness Index ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 is severe respiratory and systemic disease with complex pathogenesis and many clinical symptoms, including symptoms from respiratory system, immunology system, cardio-vascular system, haematopoietic system and neurological system. Severe character of the disease is associated with occurrence of respiratory failure, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunctions syndrome, which can lead to patients death due to cardiac arrest. Knowledge about interactions between the virus and human proteins as well as knowledge of immunological mechanisms against infection is a key to identifying the area of virus activity and severity factors of COVID-19. Multiple variants of genes encoding proteins involved in host cell invasion by SARS-CoV-2 virus have been identified: ACE2 i TMPRSS2, TMPRSS11A (HGNC:27954), ELANE (HGNC:3309) oraz CTSL (HGNC:2537), IL-6 rs1800795 variant associated with an increased risk of COVID-19, variant rs35705950:G>T located in the promoter of the MUC5B gene (11p15.5), encoding a protein that plays a key role in maintaining the proper function of the bronchoalveolar epithelium, having a protective effect against the form of the disease requiring hospitalization of the patient, as well as GC rs2282679 gene variant in the vitamin D binding protein associated with a more severe course of COVID-19. 48 of these variants were proved to be directly specific for some populations. Novel techniques of genome analysis enabled the research of the impact of specific polymorphism variants on the severity of various diseases including, COVID-19. Genetic factors analysis can permit understanding of disease pathogenesis, which is a chance to find effective treatment and prevention methods. Collected data from literature indicate that, in the case of COVID-19 disease, there are genes polymorphisms which affect the severity course.}, }
@article {pmid39660656, year = {2024}, author = {Alpeza, F and Avermark, H and Gobbo, E and Herzig van Wees, S}, title = {How has co-design been used to address vaccine hesitancy globally? A systematic review.}, journal = {Human vaccines &amp; immunotherapeutics}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {2431380}, pmid = {39660656}, issn = {2164-554X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Vaccination/psychology ; Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; }, abstract = {Improving vaccine confidence is a topic of major public health importance. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy are multifactorial, making it challenging to find strategies to address them. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature on how co-design has been used to reduce vaccine hesitancy. We searched six databases in March and October 2024. Eligible studies described the co-design process used to develop interventions for addressing vaccine hesitancy and increasing vaccine confidence. We assessed the quality of included studies, extracted and descriptively summarized the key data. Twenty-seven articles were included, 20 of which were based in a high-income setting. Most studies centered on the COVID-19 (n = 9) and HPV (n = 9) vaccines. Co-design yielded diverse interventions, with videos being the most common intervention format (n = 11). We observed substantial variations in the reporting style and terminology used within the studies and limited attempts to assess intervention effectiveness.}, }
@article {pmid39660164, year = {2024}, author = {Andreoni, M and Bonanni, P and Gabutti, G and Maggi, S and Siliquini, R and Ungar, A}, title = {RSV vaccination as the optimal prevention strategy for older adults.}, journal = {Le infezioni in medicina}, volume = {32}, number = {4}, pages = {478-488}, pmid = {39660164}, issn = {2532-8689}, abstract = {Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a respiratory virus that usually causes mild upper respiratory tract symptoms. However, it can lead to a severe lower respiratory tract disease in high-risk populations, with severe complications such as pneumonia and respiratory failure. RSV poses a significant public health threat not only to children, but also to adults, particularly those over 75 years of age and individuals with comorbidities. The high incidence and severity of RSV infections in these vulnerable groups highlights the urgent need for effective preventive strategies. Despite advancements in the clinical management of respiratory infections, preventing RSV remains a significant challenge. The symptoms of RSV are often underestimated and misdiagnosed due to their similarity to other respiratory infections like influenza and COVID-19. This leads to a substantial disease burden not only for patients but also for healthcare systems, due to increased hospitalizations and prolonged treatments. In recent years, there has been a significant progress in the development of RSV vaccines, offering new hope for disease prevention. Our aim is to promote RSV vaccination, emphasizing the importance of large-scale prevention efforts to enhance the quality of life for at-risk individuals and optimize healthcare resource allocation. This paper will report efficacy and safety data for the three main vaccines currently available for healthcare practitioners, providing a comprehensive and balanced overview of vaccine options and supporting informed decision-making by healthcare professionals and regulatory authorities.}, }
@article {pmid39660154, year = {2024}, author = {Ukoaka, BM and Okesanya, OJ and Daniel, FM and Ahmed, MM and Udam, NG and Wagwula, PM and Adigun, OA and Udoh, RA and Peter, IG and Lawal, H}, title = {Updated WHO list of emerging pathogens for a potential future pandemic: Implications for public health and global preparedness.}, journal = {Le infezioni in medicina}, volume = {32}, number = {4}, pages = {463-477}, pmid = {39660154}, issn = {2532-8689}, abstract = {Historically, pandemics constitute a major nuisance to public health. They have a debilitating impact on global health with previous occurrences causing major mortalities worldwide. The adverse outcomes are not limited to health outcomes but ravage the social, economic, and political landscapes. The World Health Organization (WHO) stands at the front of the pandemic response, strategizing to contain and mitigate the impacts on humans and the environment. It also intervenes in regional disease outbreaks that pose a threat to global health through strategic technical guidance, resource allocations, and expert support. With emerging pathogens, and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, discussions are currently underway on global preparedness for a potential future pandemic. The effects of previous pandemics underscore the need to improve global health preparedness for upcoming pandemics. The WHO's July 2024 updated list of emerging pathogens serves as a potential tool to foster global health readiness for a future pandemic. It represents a change in the world's approach to emerging and re-emerging pathogens, shifting focus from specific pathogens to adopting a broader family-focused approach. This new list recognizes the shortcomings of previous lists and adopts a more forward-thinking, proactive, and flexible approach to dealing with familiar and unfamiliar pandemic risks, now incorporating 'Prototype Pathogens' and 'Pathogen X' into its risk classification. The WHO has set the pace, developing tools and guidelines for practice. This updated list of high-priority pathogens seeks to gear research and development toward combating and neutralizing the virulence of these pathogens. Recent outbreaks of Cholera, Mpox, and Dengue fever in Africa, Avian influenza (H5N2) in Mexico, Nipah virus disease in Bangladesh, and Oropouche virus in the Americas necessitate intensifying regional disease surveillance Research organizations and institutions must prioritize incorporating these tools and approaches for shared learning and collective action established during the COVID-19 pandemic and other recent public health emergencies in the Preparedness and Resilience for Emerging Threats (PRET) Initiative as outlined by WHO.}, }
@article {pmid39660145, year = {2024}, author = {Li, L and Yang, Z and Li, J}, title = {Exosomes and SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1467109}, pmid = {39660145}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *Exosomes/immunology/metabolism ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology/immunology ; Biomarkers ; Animals ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; }, abstract = {Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles, are of particular interest in studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection because of their crucial role in intercellular communication. These vesicles are released by several cell types and are rich in "cargo" such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which are vital for regulating immune response and viral pathogenesis. Exosomes have been reported to be involved in viral transmission, immune escape mechanisms, and illness development in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review examines the current research on the contribution of exosomes to the interplay between the virus and host cells, highlighting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in combating COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39658729, year = {2025}, author = {Treadwell, JR and Wagner, J and Reston, JT and Phillips, T and Hedden-Gross, A and Tipton, KN}, title = {Treatments for Long COVID autonomic dysfunction: a scoping review.}, journal = {Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {5-29}, pmid = {39658729}, issn = {1619-1560}, support = {MSA-SOW#06-ECRI-ENG-10-02-2023/PCORI/Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/therapy ; *Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/therapy/etiology/physiopathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: For Long COVID autonomic dysfunction, we have summarized published evidence on treatment effectiveness, clinical practice guidelines, and unpublished/ongoing studies.<br><br>METHODS: We first interviewed 11 stakeholders (clinicians, clinician/researchers, payors, patient advocates) to gain clinical insights and identify key areas of focus. We searched Embase, CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases for relevant English-language articles published between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2024. We also searched several other resources for additional relevant guidelines (e.g., UpToDate) and unpublished/ongoing studies (e.g., the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform). All information was summarized narratively.<br><br>RESULTS: We included 11 effectiveness studies that investigated numerous treatment regimens (fexofenadine&#x2009;+&#x2009;famotidine, maraviroc&#x2009;+&#x2009;pravastatin, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, nutraceutical formulations, multicomponent treatments, heart rate variability biofeedback, inspiratory muscle training, or stellate ganglion block). One randomized trial reported benefits of a nutraceutical (SIM01) on fatigue and gastrointestinal upset. The 11 guidelines and position statements addressed numerous aspects of treatment, but primarily exercise/rehabilitation, fluid/salt intake, and the use of compression garments. The 15 unpublished/ongoing studies are testing nine different interventions, most prominently ivabradine and intravenous immunoglobulin.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Existing studies on the treatment of Long COVID autonomic dysfunction are often small and uncontrolled, making it unclear whether the observed pre-post changes were due solely to the administered treatments. Guidelines display some overlap, and we identified no direct contradictions. Unpublished/ongoing studies may shed light on this critical area of patient management.}, }
@article {pmid39658700, year = {2024}, author = {Dawudi, Y and Azoyan, L and Bonjour, M and Steichen, O}, title = {COVID-19 outcomes among patients with sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait compared to the general population: a systematic review and meta-analyses.}, journal = {Annals of hematology}, volume = {103}, number = {12}, pages = {5071-5083}, pmid = {39658700}, issn = {1432-0584}, mesh = {Humans ; *Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications/therapy/epidemiology/mortality ; *COVID-19/complications/mortality/epidemiology ; Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Sickle Cell Trait/complications ; Venous Thromboembolism/etiology/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) and sickle cell trait (SCT) face an increased risk of complications from COVID-19 due to their susceptibility to infections and venous thromboembolism. We selected 28 studies from 3228 references in bibliographic databases to compare COVID-19 outcomes (hospitalization, ICU admission, need for ventilatory support, thromboembolic events, and mortality) between patients with SCD or SCT and control patients. Compared to control patients, the pooled risk of hospitalization was not significantly higher in those with SCT (odds ratio [OR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-1.34) but the pooled risk of death was higher (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.14-1.78). Compared to controls patients, those with SCD had a much higher pooled risk of hospitalization (OR 7.79, 95% CI 5.13-11.81) and a non-different risk of death once hospitalized (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.62-1.10), resulting in an overall increased risk of death (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.26-2.98).}, }
@article {pmid39658579, year = {2024}, author = {Chaturvedi, M and Köster, D and Bossuyt, PM and Gerke, O and Jurke, A and Kretzschmar, ME and Lütgehetmann, M and Mikolajczyk, R and Reitsma, JB and Schneiderhan-Marra, N and Siebert, U and Stekly, C and Ehret, C and Rübsamen, N and Karch, A and Zapf, A}, title = {A unified framework for diagnostic test development and evaluation during outbreaks of emerging infections.}, journal = {Communications medicine}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, pages = {263}, pmid = {39658579}, issn = {2730-664X}, support = {KA 5361/1-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; ZA 687/3-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; }, abstract = {Evaluating diagnostic test accuracy during epidemics is difficult due to an urgent need for test availability, changing disease prevalence and pathogen characteristics, and constantly evolving testing aims and applications. Based on lessons learned during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we introduce a framework for rapid diagnostic test development, evaluation, and validation during outbreaks of emerging infections. The framework is based on the feedback loop between test accuracy evaluation, modelling studies for public health decision-making, and impact of public health interventions. We suggest that building on this feedback loop can help future diagnostic test evaluation platforms better address the requirements of both patient care and public health.}, }
@article {pmid39658415, year = {2024}, author = {Wu, CH and Hung, WC and Huang, CF and Liu, YT and Cheng, SY and Chang, CJ and Peng, LN and Yen, CH and Huang, CK}, title = {Consensus on COVID-19 vaccine recommendations: Challenges and strategies for high-risk populations in Taiwan.}, journal = {Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jfma.2024.12.003}, pmid = {39658415}, issn = {0929-6646}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact globally, particularly in high-risk populations such as those with underlying health conditions. In response to the evolving pandemic landscape and the recent surge in confirmed cases in Taiwan, the Taiwan Association of Family Medicine (TAFM) established a consensus on COVID-19 vaccine recommendations for vulnerable groups through a comprehensive literature review, expert panel discussions, and a practice-oriented formulation procedure to develop evidence-based guidance. Its key findings highlight the increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes among individuals with disorders such as diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory illness. It emphasizes the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, particularly mRNA vaccines, in these high-risk populations. It particularly underscores the critical role of family medicine physicians in the COVID-19 response, including routine screening, health education, vaccination delivery, and continuous research to optimize strategies. Ongoing monitoring, adaptation, and collaborative efforts will be essential to ensure the continued effectiveness of these recommendations in the evolving COVID-19 landscape. In conclusion, the TAFM consensus recommendations provide a robust framework to guide healthcare providers and policymakers in tailoring vaccination efforts to address the unique needs of vulnerable groups in Taiwan and are an applicable template for neighboring countries.}, }
@article {pmid39658285, year = {2024}, author = {Kim, BK and Choi, H and Kim, CY}, title = {Timing dilemma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of short-term mortality in patients with COVID-19 undergoing tracheostomy with varied timing, including 7, 10 and 14 days.}, journal = {BMJ open}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {e084405}, pmid = {39658285}, issn = {2044-6055}, mesh = {Humans ; *Tracheostomy/mortality ; *COVID-19/mortality/therapy ; *Respiration, Artificial/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Hospital Mortality ; Time Factors ; *Intensive Care Units/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Length of Stay/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effects of tracheostomy timing on COVID-19 outcomes by comparing mortality rates at different time points (7, 10 and 14 days).<br><br>DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from 31 August 2023 to 6 September 2023.<br><br>The primary outcome was short-term mortality, defined as intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, hospital mortality and 28-day or 30-day mortality. The secondary outcomes included mechanical ventilation duration, ICU and hospital days.<br><br>RESULTS: Among 3465 patients from 12 studies, the 10-day subgroup analysis revealed higher mortality for earlier tracheostomy than for later tracheostomy (49.7% vs 32.6%, OR 1.91, 95%&#x2009;CI 1.37-2.65). No significant differences were observed at 7- and 14-day marks. Earlier tracheostomy was associated with shorter mechanical ventilation (mean difference=-7.35&#x2009;days, 95%&#x2009;CI -11.63&#x2009;to -0.38) and ICU stays (mean difference=-11.24&#x2009;days, 95%&#x2009;CI -18.50&#x2009;to -3.97) compared with later tracheostomy. Regarding hospital stay, the later tracheostomy group exhibited a trend towards longer-term inpatients, with no significant difference.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference in short-term mortality was observed between patients undergoing tracheostomy at 7 and 14 days; however, at 10 days, later tracheostomy resulted in a lower mortality rate. Accordingly, subtle timing differences may impact short-term results in COVID-19 patients. Considering that the later tracheostomy group had longer mechanical ventilation and ICU stays, additional research is required to determine an optimal timing that reduces mortality cost-effectively.}, }
@article {pmid39657574, year = {2025}, author = {Fernández-García, JM and Romero-Secin, A and Rubín-García, M}, title = {[Association between obesity and Long-Covid: A narrative review].}, journal = {Semergen}, volume = {51}, number = {3}, pages = {102390}, doi = {10.1016/j.semerg.2024.102390}, pmid = {39657574}, issn = {1578-8865}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/physiopathology ; *Obesity/complications/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {To analyze the evidence in the scientific literature that relates Long-Covid and obesity, a narrative review of articles published in English and Spanish in Medline and Embase in the last 5years has been carried out. Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus causes a systemic inflammatory state increasing nutritional demand that favors sarcopenia in Long-Covid syndrome. It also causes endothelial dysfunction and a prothrombotic state that favors the formation of microthrombi and tissue hypoxia. A healthy and balanced diet is essential to treat obesity in addition to modifying the microbiota in Long-Covid and promoting physical and mental well-being. Obesity is an independent risk factor that increases the need for hospitalization, cardiovascular risk and mortality, as well as susceptibility to Long-Covid. Adipose tissue is a good reservoir of the virus, enhancing the comorbidities associated with obesity (high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia or fatty liver). There is insufficient evidence to recommend nutritional supplements to improve Long-Covid symptoms.}, }
@article {pmid39655727, year = {2025}, author = {Kang, JA and Quigley, DD and Chastain, AM and Ma, HS and Shang, J and Stone, PW}, title = {Urban and Rural Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes in the United States: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Medical care research and review : MCRR}, volume = {82}, number = {2}, pages = {119-136}, pmid = {39655727}, issn = {1552-6801}, support = {F31 NR020566/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG074492/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 NR016865/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States ; T32 NR014205/NR/NINR NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/epidemiology/therapy ; United States/epidemiology ; *Rural Population/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Urban Population/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Health Status Disparities ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Healthcare Disparities/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Hospitalization/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Socioeconomic Factors ; }, abstract = {This systematic review investigates disparities in COVID-19 outcomes (infections, hospitalizations, and deaths) between urban and rural populations in the United States. Of the 3,091 articles screened, 55 were selected. Most studies (n = 43) conducted national analyses, using 2020 data, with some extending into 2021. Findings show urban areas had higher COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations in 2020, while rural areas saw increased cases in 2021 and mixed hospitalization results. Urban areas also had higher mortality rates in 2020, with rural rates rising in 2021 and 2022. Most studies did not explore reasons for urban/rural differences. The few that did found that vulnerable groups, including racially and ethnically minoritized populations, older adults, and those with comorbidities and lower socioeconomic status and vaccination rates, experienced exacerbated disparities in rural regions. COVID-19 outcomes varied over time and by area due to population density, healthcare infrastructure, and socioeconomic factors. Tailored interventions are essential for health equity and effective policies.}, }
@article {pmid39655320, year = {2024}, author = {Gahbauer, S and Haluza, D}, title = {Transgender health issues addressed in research on telehealth use: a scoping review.}, journal = {Frontiers in sociology}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {1371524}, pmid = {39655320}, issn = {2297-7775}, abstract = {Telehealth is a valuable tool for reminding transgender-persons to undergo HIV testing, hormone injections, and voice training. Despite increased awareness of the unique health needs of transgender-individuals in recent years, effectively addressing their concerns remains challenging. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected socioeconomic status, mental health, and access to gender-affirming treatment. To better understand how individuals and their specific health issues are addressed in telehealth solutions, we conducted a scoping review using PubMed and Scopus, spanning from 2000 to 2021. We screened eligible articles following the PRISMA checklist, extracted the data, and performed a thematic analysis of 100 reports. For control purposes, we double-checked the ratings during the screening and coding. Our results show that telehealth is primarily used for healthcare access, sexual and reproductive health, and mental health. Since 2020, the overall number of publications has greatly increased, with only nine reports explicitly referring to COVID-19-related challenges. The latter relate exclusively to clinical purposes such as healthcare access. We found that transgender-women were researched more often than transgender-men, particularly in the field of sexual and reproductive health research. Some studies included groups other than transgender-persons, such as parents or clinicians, who might be relevant for advancing telehealth use. The review's findings highlight the need for more research that considers the diversity of transgender-groups and the adapted use of diverse technological tools beyond pandemics and public health crises.}, }
@article {pmid39654897, year = {2024}, author = {Laila, UE and An, W and Xu, ZX}, title = {Emerging prospects of mRNA cancer vaccines: mechanisms, formulations, and challenges in cancer immunotherapy.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1448489}, pmid = {39654897}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/therapy/immunology/genetics ; *Cancer Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; *mRNA Vaccines ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/immunology ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology/genetics ; Animals ; Nanoparticles ; }, abstract = {Cancer continues to pose an alarming threat to global health, necessitating the need for the development of efficient therapeutic solutions despite massive advances in the treatment. mRNA cancer vaccines have emerged as a hopeful avenue, propelled by the victory of mRNA technology in COVID-19 vaccines. The article delves into the intricate mechanisms and formulations of cancer vaccines, highlighting the ongoing efforts to strengthen mRNA stability and ensure successful translation inside target cells. Moreover, it discusses the design and mechanism of action of mRNA, showcasing its potential as a useful benchmark for developing efficacious cancer vaccines. The significance of mRNA therapy and selecting appropriate tumor antigens for the personalized development of mRNA vaccines are emphasized, providing insights into the immune mechanism. Additionally, the review explores the integration of mRNA vaccines with other immunotherapies and the utilization of progressive delivery platforms, such as lipid nanoparticles, to improve immune responses and address challenges related to immune evasion and tumor heterogeneity. While underscoring the advantages of mRNA vaccines, the review also addresses the challenges associated with the susceptibility of RNA to degradation and the difficulty in identifying optimum tumor-specific antigens, along with the potential solutions. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive overview of the ongoing research efforts aimed at addressing these hurdles and enhancing the effectiveness of mRNA-based cancer vaccines. Overall, this review is a focused and inclusive impression of the present state of mRNA cancer vaccines, outlining their possibilities, challenges, and future predictions in the fight against cancer, ultimately aiding in the development of more targeted therapies against cancer.}, }
@article {pmid39654800, year = {2024}, author = {Li, R and Liu, W and Liu, D and Jin, X and Wang, S}, title = {The involvement of the dysfunctional insulin receptor signaling system in long COVID patients with diabetes and chronic pain and its implications for the clinical management using taVNS.}, journal = {Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {1486851}, pmid = {39654800}, issn = {2673-561X}, abstract = {In clinical terms, chronic pain is the most prevalent sequela resulting from COVID-19, which is induced by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), while type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the most common comorbidity. This triangular relationship can be attributed to the dysfunction of the insulin receptor signaling system (IRSS) in both central and peripheral systems. Patients with T2D are essentially more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the widespread expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in their pancreatic beta cells, which serves as the cellular port for the SARS-CoV-2 to infect and enter the cell. This infection can exacerbate chronic pain and insulin resistance for various reasons. Peripherally, once infected, the virus can cause damage to peripheral nerves and pancreatic β-cells, further exacerbating pain and glucose metabolism conditions. Additionally, in the central nervous system, dysfunctional IRSS is closely linked to chronic pain. Over the past few years of the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing body of evidence suggests that insulin and other medications currently used in clinical practice for hyperglycemia control may not be safe for treating these patients. Therefore, we need a proper approach for the treatment of chronic pain in long COVID patients, especially patients with T2D. This review presents evidence that transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) may provide a viable treatment option for chronic pain and metabolic dysfunction by improving the function of IRSS in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues.}, }
@article {pmid39654721, year = {2024}, author = {Reina, BD and Malheiros, SS and Vieira, SM and Ferreira de Andrade, P and Dovigo, LN}, title = {Unlocking the therapeutic potential of Pelargonium sidoides natural extract: A scoping review.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {10}, number = {23}, pages = {e40554}, pmid = {39654721}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {Pelargonium sidoides DC. (Geraniaceae) is a widely recognized medicinal plant whose natural extract exhibits therapeutic effects through a multi-target approach. Existing literature encompasses investigations of antimicrobial and cellular effects, including clinical trials. A comprehensive review is required to summary the substantial number of published investigations and to grasp the potentialities of this extract. The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview of the antimicrobial, antiadhesive, immunomodulatory, and respiratory effects of the P. sidoides extract, along with a discussion of its mechanism of action, clinical safety, potential repurposing uses, and areas requiring further investigation. A systematic search of Medline (PubMED) and Scopus databases was conducted using the terms: EPs7630, Pelargonium, Pelargonium sidoides. The search process was finished on 5th, June 2024. Two researchers screened titles and abstracts according to the eligibility criteria, which included in vitro, in vivo, randomized, and non-randomized clinical trials. Out of 4367 publications identified, 134 studies were included in this review. A structured form was applied for data extraction. PRISMA-ScR was used to guide reporting of this review. Most of the studies were conducted in vitro, followed by human studies and animal models. The findings demonstrated a strong and broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antiadhesive effect against various bacterial, fungi, and virus species. Additionally, a strong immunomodulatory effect was observed, including the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines during infection, and modulation of other immune response components. The effects on the respiratory system have been extensively examined, showing remarkable clinical efficacy against both bacterial and viral infections with no significant cytotoxicity or adverse effects. Furthermore, recent research showed an anti-COVID effect by direct antiviral and immunomodulation mechanisms. Nonetheless, the establishment of a concentration protocol to further studies is still challenging due to variations in extract origin, composition and extraction methods. In this sense, the use of a commercial extract such as EPs® 7630 is of great value to facilitate the standardization of the tested protocols. The noteworthy anti-infective potential of P. sidoides extract lies in its multifaceted mechanism of action, which encompasses direct microbicidal effects and modulation of the immune response. These unique properties establish P. sidoides extract as a promising alternative in the war against a wide range of infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39654459, year = {2024}, author = {George, N and Warshawsky, NE and Doucette, J}, title = {Nursing Resilience: An Evidence-Based Approach to Strengthening Professional Well-being.}, journal = {The Journal of nursing administration}, volume = {54}, number = {10}, pages = {554-560}, pmid = {39654459}, issn = {1539-0721}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/nursing ; *Resilience, Psychological ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology ; Burnout, Professional/prevention &amp; control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Leadership ; Nurse Administrators/psychology ; }, abstract = {Nurse resilience took a hard hit during the COVID-19 pandemic and is showing signs of stabilization. Nationally, nurse leaders ask for guidance to better support frontline nurses. We conducted a review of literature to identify interventions to improve nurse resilience. This article presents a review and critique of individual-, team-, and system-level interventions to support frontline nurses. Nurse leaders are encouraged to implement systematic strategies to help frontline nurses disconnect from work.}, }
@article {pmid39654059, year = {2025}, author = {Luk, CY and Duncan, R and Moss, C}, title = {The Support, Education and Learning Needs of Experienced Nurses Who Are Transitioning to Work in Intensive Care: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of clinical nursing}, volume = {34}, number = {2}, pages = {430-453}, doi = {10.1111/jocn.17593}, pmid = {39654059}, issn = {1365-2702}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/nursing ; *Critical Care Nursing/education ; *Nursing Staff, Hospital/education/psychology ; *Learning ; }, abstract = {AIM: To ascertain the current evidence about the support, education and learning needs of experienced registered nurses who are transitioning their work to intensive care nursing as a new context.<br><br>DESIGN: A scoping review was conducted using established frameworks from JBI, Arksey and O'Malley.<br><br>METHODS: A search was conducted in CINHAL and MEDLINE (April 2023). Two researchers independently screened the records, extracted and cross-checked the data. The results were consolidated narratively in answer to the review questions. The PRISMA-ScR checklist was used to guide reporting.<br><br>RESULTS: Eight articles (seven research, one evaluation) were included. The data were widely heterogenous. Evidence pays more attention to education experiences and needs during transition than to mechanisms used informally to engender socialisation of experienced registered nurses into the intensive care team. Key education strategies include orientation, skill and knowledge development, self-directed learning, preceptorship and mentorship, situated clinical nurse education and expertise sharing from the wider intensive care team. Four papers related to the COVID-19 pandemic reported education related to patient surges; three papers described team or buddy nursing as an educational strategy. Several articles reported that learning needs and experiences evolve as transition occurs, and intensive care is a specialised learning environment where required skills and knowledge are domain specific. Reality shock can be encountered, education needs can be influenced by prior experience and social connection with and support from the team can make a difference.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review has identified the current state of evidence regarding the support education and learning needs of experienced registered nurses who are transitioning to work in intensive care. The evidence is limited and very heterogeneous. Findings highlight several areas of evidence paucity and some basis for further research. Given the importance of this group to the intensive care workforce, it will be imperative to invest in future research.<br><br>Attending to the specific learning and support needs of experienced registered nurses who are making transitions to work in intensive care may impact their experiences of transition shock and quality of learning and may make some differences to recruitment and retention of staff.<br><br>IMPACT: By consolidating the evidence, this scoping review highlights important support, education and learning needs of experienced nurses who are transitioning to intensive care. Insight arising from the review will assist experienced nurses, and those working in education and management, as they seek to engage with and support registered nurses who are making transitions to this context of work. There are genuine gaps in research evidence which will require the investment of nursing researchers internationally.<br><br>REPORTING METHOD: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyse extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).<br><br>No patient or public contribution.}, }
@article {pmid39653515, year = {2024}, author = {Gurdasani, D and Trent, M and Ziauddeen, H and Mnatzaganian, E and Turville, S and Chen, X and Kunasekaran, MP and Chughtai, AA and Moa, A and McEniery, J and Greenhalgh, T and MacIntyre, CR}, title = {Acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children: evidence for and against causal relationships with SARS-CoV-2, HAdv and AAV2.}, journal = {BMJ paediatrics open}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {}, pmid = {39653515}, issn = {2399-9772}, mesh = {Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Acute Disease/epidemiology ; Adenoviruses, Human/isolation &amp; purification/pathogenicity ; COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/virology ; Dependovirus/isolation &amp; purification/pathogenicity ; *Hepatitis/epidemiology/etiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification/pathogenicity ; Causality ; Infant ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The cause of acute paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology (2022) has not been established despite extensive investigation.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To summarise the evidence for and against a causal role for human adenovirus (HAdv), adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV-2) and SARS-CoV-2 in outbreaks of paediatric hepatitis in 2022.<br><br>METHODS: We appraised and summarised relevant evidence for each of the Bradford Hill criteria for causality using quantitative (statistical modelling) and qualitative (narrative coherence) approaches. Each team member scored the evidence base for each criterion separately for HAdv, AAV-2 and SARS-CoV-2; differences were resolved by discussion. We additionally examined criteria of strength and temporality by examining the lagged association between SARS-CoV-2 positivity, respiratory HAdv positivity, positive faecal HAdv specimens and excess A&amp;E attendances in 1-4 years for liver conditions in England.<br><br>RESULTS: Assessing criteria using the published literature and our modelling: for HAdv three Bradford Hill criteria (strength, consistency and temporality) were partially met; and five criteria (consistency, coherence, experimental manipulation, analogy and temporality) were minimally met. For AAV-2, the strength of association criterion was fully met, five criteria (consistency, temporality, specificity, biological gradient and plausibility) were partially met and three (coherence, analogy and experimental manipulation) were minimally met. For SARS-CoV-2, five criteria (strength of association, plausibility, temporality, coherence and analogy) were fully met; one (consistency) was partially met and three (specificity, biological gradient and experimental manipulation) were minimally met.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Based on the Bradford Hill criteria and modelling, HAdv alone is unlikely to be the cause of the recent increase in hepatitis in children. The causal link between SARS-CoV-2, and to a lesser degree AAV-2, appears substantially stronger but remains unproven. Hepatitis is a known complication of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children following COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 has been linked to increased susceptibility to infection post-COVID-19, which may suggest complex causal pathways including a possible interaction with AAV-2 infection/reactivation in hosts that are genetically susceptible or sensitised to infection.}, }
@article {pmid39653464, year = {2024}, author = {Mary, J and Lange, M and Gouabault, F and Humbert, X}, title = {[Mental health of primary care nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study].}, journal = {Soins; la revue de reference infirmiere}, volume = {69}, number = {891}, pages = {10-13}, doi = {10.1016/j.soin.2024.10.002}, pmid = {39653464}, issn = {0038-0814}, mesh = {Longitudinal Studies ; *Mental Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Primary Care Nursing/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Nurses/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/nursing/psychology ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Surveys and Questionnaires/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Self Report/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Burnout, Professional/epidemiology/psychology ; *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/psychology ; Humans ; France/epidemiology ; Postal Service ; }, abstract = {In a weakened healthcare system, the mental health of healthcare workers has become a priority issue. The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess the mental health of primary care nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic, using a postal survey. Four validated self-report questionnaires were used. The nurses reported mainly burnout symptoms and around 20% reported a post-traumatic stress.}, }
@article {pmid39653416, year = {2024}, author = {Boncyk, C and Rolfsen, ML and Richards, D and Stollings, JL and Mart, MF and Hughes, CG and Ely, EW}, title = {Management of pain and sedation in the intensive care unit.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {387}, number = {}, pages = {e079789}, doi = {10.1136/bmj-2024-079789}, pmid = {39653416}, issn = {1756-1833}, support = {IK2 RX004799/RX/RRD VA/United States ; T32 HL087738/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; *Intensive Care Units ; *Pain Management/methods ; *Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; Conscious Sedation/methods ; Critical Care/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; }, abstract = {Advances in our approach to treating pain and sedation when caring for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) have been propelled by decades of robust trial data, knowledge gained from patient experiences, and our evolving understanding of how pain and sedation strategies affect patient survival and long term outcomes. These data contribute to current practice guidelines prioritizing analgesia-first sedation strategies (analgosedation) that target light sedation when possible, use of short acting sedatives, and avoidance of benzodiazepines. Together, these strategies allow the patient to be more awake and able to participate in early mobilization and family interactions. The covid-19 pandemic introduced unique challenges in the ICU that affected delivery of best practices and patient outcomes. Compliance with best practices has not returned to pre-covid levels. After emerging from the pandemic and refocusing our attention on optimal pain and sedation management in the ICU, it is imperative to revisit the data that contributed to our current recommendations, review the importance of best practices on patient outcomes, and consider new strategies when advancing patient care.}, }
@article {pmid39653343, year = {2024}, author = {Gupte, A and Sriram, S and Gunasekaran, V and Chaudhari, K and Kamat, D}, title = {The Triad of COVID-19 in Children: Acute COVID-19, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, and Long COVID-Part I.}, journal = {Pediatric annals}, volume = {53}, number = {12}, pages = {e473-e477}, doi = {10.3928/19382359-20241003-03}, pmid = {39653343}, issn = {1938-2359}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis/physiopathology ; Child ; Infant ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/diagnosis ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. Within a span of a few months, it was deemed a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. It was first thought to affect the adult population, but soon after, cases of COVID-19 in children started emerging. As more and more pediatric cases started unveiling, an entity called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) that replicated Kawasaki disease was established. More recently, it has been noted that children have persistent symptoms for weeks or months after acute COVID-19 infection, and the term coined for these symptoms is "long COVID." This section of the review will summarize the respiratory, cardiovascular, dermatological, and gastroenterological manifestations noted in infants in three broad categories: acute COVID, MIS-C, and long COVID. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(12):e473-e477.].}, }
@article {pmid39652535, year = {2024}, author = {Dagnaw, TE and Delie, AM and Kassie, TD and Berihun, S and Tesfa, H and Zewdie, A}, title = {Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 and associated factors among students in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {19}, number = {12}, pages = {e0314451}, pmid = {39652535}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Male ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/psychology ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Students/psychology ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) has not confirmed the eradication of the COVID-19 pandemic or the development of a cure. Ongoing research is necessary to update public understanding, attitudes, and behaviors. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19 among students in Ethiopia.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To estimate the pooled proportions and associated factors of knowledge, positive attitude, and prevention practice toward COVID-19 among students in Ethiopia.<br><br>METHODS: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered on the PROSPERO database. Data extraction was done using an Excel spreadsheet, and analysis was conducted using STATA. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) grading approach. A narrative summary and random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval were used. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. The results were presented using a forest plot and tables.<br><br>RESULT: Out of 2089 studies reviewed, only 16 met the inclusion criteria. The pooled proportions of COVID-19 good knowledge, positive attitude, and good prevention practice among students in Ethiopia were found to be 62.68% [95% CI 50.96-74.40, I2 = 98.93%], 60.22% [95% CI 51.64-68.80, I2 = 97.68%], 48.47% [95% CI, 44.16-52.78, I2 = 91.45%] respectively. Factors that affected knowledge included marital status, family size, sex, study year, and residency. Knowledge and residency were identified as predictors of attitude. Determinants of practice included knowledge, attitude, sex, study program, and residency.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The pooled proportion of students in Ethiopia with good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices regarding COVID-19 was low. Policymakers, the Ministry of Health, Public Health Institutions, and other stakeholders should intensify their efforts on COVID-19 and develop interventions aimed at females, rural residents, and extension students. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database with ID = CRD42023478234.}, }
@article {pmid39651898, year = {2024}, author = {Koga, T and Kawashiri, SY and Nonaka, F and Tsuji, Y and Tamai, M and Kawakami, A}, title = {The COVID-19 Pandemic Heightens Interest in Cytokine Storm Disease and Advances in Machine Learning Diagnosis, Telemedicine, and Primordial Prevention of Rheumatic Diseases.}, journal = {European journal of rheumatology}, volume = {11}, number = {4}, pages = {410-417}, pmid = {39651898}, issn = {2147-9720}, abstract = {Insights gained during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has underscored the critical role played by both innate and adaptive immune responses in determining the severity of diseases. This newfound understanding holds significant potential to bring about a paradigm shift in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of autoimmune conditions. Advanced technologies that are emerging in the field are expected to play a pivotal role in this transformation. These include the utilization of multi-omics analysis to stratify disease states, the application of precision medicine through the integration of digital technologies, and the implementation of telemedicine to bridge existing regional disparities in healthcare provision. The objective of this descriptive review is to offer a detailed overview of reclassifying cytokine storm diseases, explore the use of machine learning methodologies in autoimmune diseases, and highlight the importance of incorporating telemedicine and innovative prevention strategies into the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Through this review, we aim to present the most recent research findings and expert insights, and discuss the future prospects and directions in these areas of research.}, }
@article {pmid39651728, year = {2025}, author = {Francavilla, F and Intranuovo, F and La Spada, G and Lacivita, E and Catto, M and Graps, EA and Altomare, CD}, title = {Inflammaging and Immunosenescence in the Post-COVID Era: Small Molecules, Big Challenges.}, journal = {ChemMedChem}, volume = {20}, number = {6}, pages = {e202400672}, doi = {10.1002/cmdc.202400672}, pmid = {39651728}, issn = {1860-7187}, mesh = {Humans ; *Immunosenescence/drug effects ; *Inflammation/drug therapy/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use/chemistry ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use/chemistry ; *Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; Aging ; Animals ; }, abstract = {Aging naturally involves a decline in biological functions, often triggering a disequilibrium of physiological processes. A common outcome is the altered response exerted by the immune system to counteract infections, known as immunosenescence, which has been recognized as a primary cause, among others, of the so-called long-COVID syndrome. Moreover, the uncontrolled immunoreaction leads to a state of subacute, chronic inflammatory state known as inflammaging, responsible in turn for the chronicization of concomitant pathologies in a self-sustaining process. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs are the current choice for the therapy of inflammaging in post-COVID complications, with contrasting results. The increasing knowledge of the biochemical pathways of inflammaging led to disclose new small molecules-based therapies directed toward different biological targets involved in inflammation, immunological response, and oxidative stress. Herein, paying particular attention to recent clinical data and preclinical literature, we focus on the role of endocannabinoid system in inflammaging, and the promising therapeutic option represented by the CB2R agonists, the role of novel ligands of the formyl peptide receptor 2 and ultimately the potential of newly discovered monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors with neuroprotective activity in the treatment of immunosenescence.}, }
@article {pmid39650886, year = {2024}, author = {Sorath, F and Shiwlani, S and Sindhu, F and Lohana, AC and Mohammed, YN and Chander, S and Kumari, R}, title = {A Systematic Review of the Attitudes, Beliefs, and Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine in the Western and Eastern Hemispheres.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {16}, number = {11}, pages = {e73161}, pmid = {39650886}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The availability of an effective vaccine does not equate to its use; its effectiveness primarily depends on vaccine acceptance by the targeted population. Despite the rapid development and widespread access to the COVID-19 vaccine, herd immunity is yet to be achieved, with vaccine hesitancy as a major barrier. This study sought to systematically assess the beliefs, attitudes, and acceptance towards COVID-19 vaccines, including factors contributing to vaccination hesitancy in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. A comprehensive search of articles was conducted through Scopus, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases for studies published from inception to May 2023 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our search yielded 1154, of which 21 were eligible for inclusion. The rate of willingness or intention to vaccinate varied with the geographic region, from 12% in the United States to 93.9% in China. Four studies from the Western region and two from the Eastern region reported a low acceptance rate (defined as <50%): United States (12%), Spain (48.3%), Switzerland (38.6%), Europe (multi-national, 31%), Nepal (38.3%), and Oman (43%). Overall, vaccine acceptance was low to moderate in the general population and healthcare workers (HCWs) in both Eastern and Western Hemispheres except for China which reported high acceptance (defined as >75%) among the general population and HCWs. Demographic characteristics (female, younger age, and higher education) and non-demographic factors (knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine and its development, history of influenza vaccination, perceived susceptibility or severity of infection, and the belief that vaccines are effective in controlling the pandemic) were associated with high acceptance rates or intentions to take the COVID-19 vaccine. On the other hand, mistrust of the vaccine, its safety and effectiveness, disinformation or poor awareness of the vaccine, side effect concerns, belief in natural immunity, previous adverse experience with the vaccines, and distrust in the information sources about the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with vaccination hesitancy. For better acceptance, COVID-19 vaccination campaign strategies should be modeled based on regional political, economic, and social contexts.}, }
@article {pmid39650836, year = {2024}, author = {Yu, J and Ge, S and Li, J and Zhang, Y and Xu, J and Wang, Y and Liu, S and Yu, X and Wang, Z}, title = {Interaction between coronaviruses and the autophagic response.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {1457617}, pmid = {39650836}, issn = {2235-2988}, mesh = {Humans ; *Autophagy ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology/pathogenicity ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; *Virus Replication ; *COVID-19/virology/immunology ; Coronavirus/physiology/pathogenicity ; Animals ; }, abstract = {In recent years, the emergence and widespread dissemination of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has posed a significant threat to global public health and social development. In order to safely and effectively prevent and control the spread of coronavirus diseases, a profound understanding of virus-host interactions is paramount. Cellular autophagy, a process that safeguards cells by maintaining cellular homeostasis under diverse stress conditions. Xenophagy, specifically, can selectively degrade intracellular pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, thus establishing a robust defense mechanism against such intruders. Coronaviruses have the ability to induce autophagy, and they manipulate this pathway to ensure their efficient replication. While progress has been made in elucidating the intricate relationship between coronaviruses and autophagy, a comprehensive summary of how autophagy either benefits or hinders viral replication remains elusive. In this review, we delve into the mechanisms that govern how different coronaviruses regulate autophagy. We also provide an in-depth analysis of virus-host interactions, particularly focusing on the latest data pertaining to SARS-CoV-2. Our aim is to lay a theoretical foundation for the development of novel coronavirus vaccines and the screening of potential drug targets.}, }
@article {pmid39649442, year = {2024}, author = {Kamdar, A and Sykes, R and Thomson, CR and Mangion, K and Ang, D and Lee, MA and Van Agtmael, T and Berry, C}, title = {Vascular fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodelling in post-COVID 19 conditions.}, journal = {Infectious medicine}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {100147}, pmid = {39649442}, issn = {2772-431X}, support = {COV/GLA/20/05/CSO_/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom ; COV/LTE/20/10/CSO_/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom ; FS/MBPHD/22/28011/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; MR/R005567/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {Causal associations between viral infections and acute myocardial injury are not fully understood, with mechanisms potentially involving direct cardiovascular involvement or systemic inflammation. This review explores plausible mechanisms of vascular fibrosis in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome, focusing on extracellular matrix remodelling. Despite global attention, significant mechanistic or translational breakthroughs in the management of post-viral syndromes remain limited. No effective pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions are currently available for patients experiencing persistent symptoms following COVID-19 infection. The substantial expansion of scientific knowledge resulting from collaborative efforts by medical experts, scientists, and government organisations in undertaking COVID-19 research could inform treatment strategies for other post-viral syndromes and respiratory illnesses. There is a critical need for clinical trials to evaluate potential therapeutic candidates, providing evidence to guide treatment decisions for post-COVID-19 syndromes.}, }
@article {pmid39649371, year = {2024}, author = {Sims-Rhodes, N and Cornwell, HE and Barena, E and Dubre, V and Elliott, KS and Nabulsi, EH and Yuen, N and Sass, SM and Miller, A and Tiruneh, YM and Singh, KP}, title = {Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Behavioral-Health Modality Change Adoption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare}, volume = {17}, number = {}, pages = {5695-5713}, pmid = {39649371}, issn = {1178-2390}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, there was a surge in demand for mental health services worldwide, presenting challenges for healthcare institutions as they navigated changes in policy and safety regulations. In the United States, this resulted in many behavioral health modality changes to remain in compliance with the Center for Disease Control guidelines. A growing body of literature has documented these, yet few explored barriers and facilitators affecting the adoption of these modality delivery changes. The researchers conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA method, focusing on service delivery changes across healthcare systems in the United States from March 2020 to May 2022.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to identify barriers and facilitators affecting the adoption of changes to modality delivery of behavioral health services due to pandemic restrictions.<br><br>METHODS: This was a systematic review that utilized the PRISMA method. The researchers identified 445 initial articles from eight databases using predetermined keywords and implemented a three-round screening process to select the most pertinent articles for this review. The researchers used a thematic analysis focused on user-related, program-related, technology, and environment-related constructs relevant to engagement with digital mental health interventions, and also addressed provider and administrative-related barriers and facilitators of virtual behavioral health modality changes. Barriers and facilitators were operationalized using the Borghouts Model.<br><br>RESULTS: This systematic review revealed several common barriers and facilitators, including underdeveloped technology infrastructure, privacy and confidentiality concerns, poor technology literacy, availability of diverse technology options, provider technology training, and ease of integration into everyday life.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review provides insights into barriers and facilitators of modality change adoption, which could inform the development and implementation of virtual mental healthcare services and may help optimize the application of these services by improving our understanding and ability to overcome barriers influencing their adoption.}, }
@article {pmid39648831, year = {2024}, author = {Barlattani, T and Mantenuto, S and D'Amelio, C and Di Berardo, A and Capelli, F and Leonardi, V and Socci, V and Rossi, R and Rossi, A and Pacitti, F}, title = {Social Cognition and Covid-19: a rapid scoping review.}, journal = {Rivista di psichiatria}, volume = {59}, number = {6}, pages = {279-289}, doi = {10.1708/4386.43836}, pmid = {39648831}, issn = {2038-2502}, mesh = {Humans ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology/prevention &amp; control ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Social Cognition ; Social Isolation/psychology ; }, abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic has enormously impacted health, the economy, and social organisations worldwide. Public health interventions such as vaccines, protective equipment and social distancing have brought profound changes in the general and clinical population's behaviour, with different levels of adherence to social and health standards. To understand these phenomena, it is essential to know how models and theories of social behaviour influence patterns of adherence to preventive measures in the context of the pandemic. Research on social cognition can explain behavioural variables and their impact on mental well-being, creating the basis for interventions that promote adherence to prevention rules. This PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) rapid review aims to identify and analyse current evidence on the pandemic's impact on social cognition components. First, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and discussed the findings narratively. Tables were constructed, and articles were sorted based on study characteristics. Finally, 14 eligible articles were identified. Our findings suggest that restrictions aimed at stemming infections and social isolation led to changes in patterns of social cognition in clinical and general populations. Among the clinical population, subjects with autism spectrum disorders and Parkinson's disease reported changes in social cognition. Among the general population, older adults and front-line workers also reported variations. Our results suggest that planning-oriented social cognition models could effectively promote adherence to preventive norms. These findings can help develop behavioural intervention models by identifying appropriate approaches for the general population and specific subgroups.}, }
@article {pmid39648781, year = {2024}, author = {Cornelius, AP and Mace, SE and Char, DM and Doyle, C and Noll, S and Reyes, V and Wang, J}, title = {Disparities in disaster healthcare: A review through a pandemic lens.}, journal = {American journal of disaster medicine}, volume = {19}, number = {3}, pages = {251-263}, doi = {10.5055/ajdm.0482}, pmid = {39648781}, issn = {1932-149X}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Healthcare Disparities ; Social Determinants of Health ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States ; Disaster Planning/organization &amp; administration ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the literature on the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on healthcare disparities in various groups, in relation to social determinants of health (SDOH) and longstanding social disparities.<br><br>DESIGN: The Disaster Preparedness and Response Committee of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) addressed the impact of health disparities in disaster planning and response. A workgroup composed of seven physicians with academic and deployment disaster medicine experience was formed. A literature review focusing on healthcare disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Search strategies included medical sources such as PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar and nonmedical publications focused on COVID-19. The group combined the literature found and identified general themes. A framework using recognized SDOH was applied to organize the material and allow for ease of reporting. We also noted the unmet burden and challenges that underserved communities struggled with prior to the pandemic onset. The workgroups' report was presented to the ACEP Board of Directors.<br><br>RESULTS: COVID-19 significantly impacted groups burdened with poor SDOH to a much greater degree than the general population. Many healthcare disparities that existed prior to COVID-19 were worsened during the pandemic. Little information exists about how these inequities are being addressed.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 magnified and more fully exposed healthcare disparities. These disparities, although common, can be partially mitigated. Efforts are needed to better understand healthcare disparities brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic and to find solutions to address future pandemics across all four phases of a disaster.}, }
@article {pmid39648595, year = {2025}, author = {Devitt, A and Nott, M and Nelson, S and Sgarlata, J and Gray, M and Balachandran, S and Taskin, A}, title = {Using Virtual Care to Assess the Health Needs of People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {e13328}, pmid = {39648595}, issn = {1468-3148}, support = {//Australian Government's Rural Health Multidisciplinary Training (RHMT) Scheme/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Intellectual Disability ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Telemedicine ; Needs Assessment ; Health Services Accessibility ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a rapid roll-out of virtual health care services to people with intellectual disabilities. Limited evidence is available for clinicians to guide virtual care delivery.<br><br>METHOD: Twenty-three studies were identified through systematic searching of 16 databases. Extracted data were mapped to the NSW Virtual Health Strategy.<br><br>RESULTS: Evidence exists to support the use of virtual care for screening, diagnosis, assessment, and review of people with intellectual disabilities, with benefits for clients, carers, and clinicians. Evidence mapped well to the priority areas of the NSW Virtual Health Strategy, highlighting the need for clinician training and specific supports and adaptations to ensure accessibility for people with intellectual disabilities.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The use of virtual care to assess the health needs of people with intellectual disabilities across the lifespan is nascent. An opportunity exists for co-design with people with intellectual disabilities to reduce barriers to accessing and engaging in virtual care.}, }
@article {pmid39648476, year = {2024}, author = {McGrath, C and Lasseter, G and Hopewell-Kelly, N and Anderson, E and Brooks-Pollock, E and Christensen, H and Denford, S and Essery, R and Dawson, S and Schiller, E and Silvonen, T and Stokes, C and Thomas, A and Thomas, C and Gibson, A}, title = {How Do We Get the Public Into Public Health Research? Learnings and Key Recommendations From Initiating a Community Involvement Project Scheme.}, journal = {Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy}, volume = {27}, number = {6}, pages = {e70114}, pmid = {39648476}, issn = {1369-7625}, support = {//This work was supported by the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation at University of Bristol./ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; *Community Participation/methods ; Public Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There are many recognised benefits of public involvement, including more relevant research. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the existing health inequalities and disparities in access to care and treatment for under-served groups, necessitating meaningful and sustainable approaches to engaging them in health research. However, there is limited guidance to suggest what groundwork and processes are necessary for initiating such projects. This paper outlines the practical approaches taken to initiate a community involvement project scheme and offers key recommendations from this work.<br><br>METHODS: The National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit established a community involvement scheme in 2021, funding four community involvement projects enabling researchers to engage with under-served communities. Reflections were captured through regular quarterly meeting group discussions, meeting notes and email correspondence.<br><br>RESULTS: The paper presents the steps taken to initiate a scheme that provided funding for a diverse range of projects working with under-served communities. The projects demonstrated the value of allocating time to build relationships and trust, maintaining flexibility, and providing short-term benefits such as remuneration and training to the community.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This paper has highlighted the need for research organisations to allocate funding and resources within their infrastructures for building trusting relationships with community leaders and communities.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This paper has outlined the steps undertaken to engage with under-served communities to bridge the gap between public health research and those communities. We present key recommendations to guide future initiatives aspiring to engage under-served communities in health research.<br><br>Public contributors have been involved in all of the four community involvement projects mentioned in this paper. Two public contributors are also co-authors and have provided input to the writing and review of this manuscript.}, }
@article {pmid39648189, year = {2025}, author = {Chauhan, P and Begum, MY and Narapureddy, BR and Gupta, S and Wadhwa, K and Singh, G and Kumawat, R and Sharma, N and Ballal, S and Jha, SK and Abomughaid, MM and B, D and Ojha, S and Jha, NK}, title = {Unveiling the Involvement of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Possible Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.}, journal = {Molecular neurobiology}, volume = {62}, number = {5}, pages = {5850-5874}, pmid = {39648189}, issn = {1559-1182}, mesh = {*Alzheimer Disease/virology/therapy/pathology ; Humans ; *Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology/pathogenicity ; Animals ; Neurons/virology/pathology/metabolism ; *Herpes Simplex/complications/virology ; }, abstract = {Viruses pose a significant challenge and threat to human health, as demonstrated by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Neurodegeneration, particularly in the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is significantly influenced by viral infections. AD is a neurodegenerative disease that affects people of all ages and poses a significant threat to millions of individuals worldwide. The precise mechanism behind its development is not yet fully understood; however, the emergence and advancement of AD can be hastened by various environmental factors, such as bacterial and viral infections. There has been a longstanding suspicion that the herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) may have a role to play in the development or advancement of AD. Reactivation of HSV-1 could potentially lead to damage to neurons, either by direct means or indirectly by triggering inflammation. This article provides an overview of the connection between HSV-1 infections and immune cells (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes) in the progression of AD. It summarizes recent scientific research on how HSV-1 affects neurons, which could potentially shed light on the clinical features and treatment options for AD. In addition, the paper has explored the impact of HSV-1 on neurons and its role in various aspects of AD, such as Aβ secretion, tau hyperphosphorylation, metabolic dysregulation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and autophagy. It is believed that the immune response triggered by HSV-1 reactivation plays a role in the development of neurodegeneration in AD. Despite the lack of a cure for AD, researchers have made significant efforts to study the clinical and pathological aspects of the disease, identify biomarkers, and gain insight into its underlying causes. The goal is to achieve early diagnosis and develop treatments that can modify the progression of the disease. The current article discusses the most promising therapy for combating the viral impacts, which provides additional evidence for the frequent reactivations of latent HSV-1 in the AD brain. However, further research is still required to establish the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the development of AD through the reactivation of HSV-1. This could potentially lead to new insights in drug development aimed at preventing HSV-1 reactivation and the subsequent development and progression of AD.}, }
@article {pmid39645378, year = {2024}, author = {Dzau, VJ and Laitner, MH and Shambaugh, EL}, title = {Strategic imperatives for health in the USA: a roadmap for the incoming presidential administration.}, journal = {Lancet (London, England)}, volume = {404}, number = {10469}, pages = {2371-2379}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02189-5}, pmid = {39645378}, issn = {1474-547X}, mesh = {Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Delivery of Health Care/organization &amp; administration ; *Health Policy ; Pandemics ; *Politics ; *Public Health ; United States ; }, abstract = {As the beginning of the next US presidential administration approaches, the USA faces a series of complex challenges that threaten the health of the American people and the effectiveness and sustainability of their health and health-care systems. Taking office in January, 2025, the next administration will need to address myriad systems-level and public health challenges, including the long-term health impacts of COVID-19 and threat of future pandemics, negative effects of climate change on health, unaffordability and inefficiencies in health care, and resulting and long-standing disparities in health-care access and health outcomes. Without decisive policy action, population health is likely to stagnate or even deteriorate. We present five priority areas to guide US federal strategy in 2025 and beyond: improve public health and address health and social inequities; catalyse transformation towards a more effective, equitable health system; address crucial health issues such as climate change; advance artificial intelligence for health and health care; and strengthen responsible science and innovation. To achieve these goals, we suggest policy action items for federal stakeholders and emphasise the importance of social determinants of health, cross-sector collaboration, population health perspectives, and transformative partnerships. By prioritising these strategic imperatives, the incoming administration can set a plan towards a healthier, more resilient future for all Americans.}, }
@article {pmid39644586, year = {2025}, author = {Dong, H and Xu, S and Li, P and Ruan, W}, title = {The battle between infectious bronchitis virus and innate immunity: A mini review.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {603}, number = {}, pages = {110321}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2024.110321}, pmid = {39644586}, issn = {1096-0341}, mesh = {*Infectious bronchitis virus/immunology/physiology/genetics ; *Immunity, Innate ; Animals ; *Poultry Diseases/virology/immunology ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/veterinary/virology ; *Immune Evasion ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Interferons/immunology ; Virus Replication ; Poultry ; }, abstract = {Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis (IB), leading to acute or persistent infections in poultry. IBV triggers innate immune response, and the production of interferon (IFN) varies depending on the viral strains and host cell types. To evade the host immune system, IBV has developed numerous immune escape strategies. These include hijacking host proteins, modulating protein synthesis, antagonizing IFN production, promoting autophagosome formation and expansion, manipulating apoptosis, blocking antigen presentation, stabilizing viral mRNA, and inhibiting stress granule (SG) formation. The ongoing interaction between IBV and the host immune system reflects a dynamic battle, as the virus employs various tactics to ensure its replication. Understanding these pathogenic mechanisms of IBV is crucial for developing effective control measures.}, }
@article {pmid39644061, year = {2024}, author = {Scully, M and Lester, WA}, title = {Demystifying autoimmune HIT: what it is, when to test, and how to treat.}, journal = {Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program}, volume = {2024}, number = {1}, pages = {403-408}, pmid = {39644061}, issn = {1520-4383}, mesh = {Humans ; *Platelet Factor 4/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *Heparin/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Thrombosis/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Autoantibodies/blood/immunology ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/therapy/diagnosis/immunology ; Thrombocytopenia/therapy/chemically induced/immunology/diagnosis ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; }, abstract = {Antibodies to platelet factor 4 (PF4) have been primarily linked to classical heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (cHIT). However, during the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine program a new condition, vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT), was identified, related to adenoviral-based COVID-19 vaccines. The differences between these 2 conditions, both clinically and in laboratory testing, set the scene for the development of a new rapid anti-PF4 assay that is not linked with heparin (as relevant for cHIT). Concurrently, there has been a reassessment of those cases described as autoimmune HIT. Such scenarios do not follow cHIT, but there is now a clearer differentiation of heparin-dependent and heparin-independent anti-PF4 conditions. The importance of this distinction is the identification of heparin-independent anti-PF4 antibodies in a new subgroup termed VITT-like disorder. Cases appear to be rare, precipitated by infection and in a proportion of cases, orthopaedic surgery, but are associated with high mortality and the need for a different treatment pathway, which includes immunomodulation therapy.}, }
@article {pmid39642612, year = {2025}, author = {Popović, ME and Tadić, V and Popović, M}, title = {(R)evolution of Viruses: Introduction to biothermodynamics of viruses.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {603}, number = {}, pages = {110319}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2024.110319}, pmid = {39642612}, issn = {1096-0341}, mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Humans ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Thermodynamics ; *Viruses/genetics/chemistry ; COVID-19/virology ; }, abstract = {As of 26 April 2024, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has registered 14690 virus species. Of these, only several dozen have been chemically and thermodynamically characterized. Every virus species is characterized by a specific empirical formula and thermodynamic properties - enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy. These physical properties are used in a mechanistic model of virus-host interactions at the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. This review article presents empirical formulas and Gibbs energies for all major variants of SARS-CoV-2. This article also reports and suggests a mechanistic model of evolutionary changes, with the example of time evolution of SARS-CoV-2 from 2019 to 2024.}, }
@article {pmid39642561, year = {2025}, author = {Demir, M and Duman, N and Akten, HS and Inan, S and Okan, K and Yildirim, O and Karakus, HS and Ozgur, S and Goksel, O}, title = {A rare long-term side effect of COVID-19 vaccines: Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema-like reaction SDRIFE and potential immunogens for delayed type hypersensitivity reactions.}, journal = {International immunopharmacology}, volume = {145}, number = {}, pages = {113737}, doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113737}, pmid = {39642561}, issn = {1878-1705}, mesh = {Humans ; BNT162 Vaccine ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology ; Drug Eruptions/immunology/etiology/diagnosis ; *Exanthema/immunology ; *Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) is an important clinical entity that is rare and may develop with a Type IV delayed type hypersensitivity immune response to drug antigens. The incidence and characteristics of SDRIFE attributed to COronaVIrus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines remain unclear, this issue requires further elucidation.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We aim to investigate the vaccine-related-SDRIFE and potential immunogens of COVID-19 vaccines through a literature review accompanied by a real case.<br><br>METHODS: A new vaccine related-SDRIFE case report and a literature review regarding COVID Vaccine related SDRIFE. In the years following the COVID vaccinations, all SDRIFE cases published between 2000 and 2024 were retrieved.<br><br>RESULTS: The new case of vaccine-related SDRIFE developed following the COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and was tolerated without any issues with the CoronaVac vaccine (Sinovac Biotech.,China) after negative skin tests. A literature search has revealed fifteen different types of SDRIFE cases related to COVID-19 vaccines since 2020. Diagnostic skin testing with vaccine or any potentially immunogen parts of vaccine were performed in six patients. All tests were negative except for one late intradermal test positivity.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This mini review showed that SDRIFE due to COVID vaccines is a rare, but a significant adverse event that has a potential to impair patient compliance with subsequent vaccines. Identification and avoidance of potential allergens through standardized skin tests and diagnostic immunological work-up will contribute to vaccine compliance and better management of hypersensitivity reactions.}, }
@article {pmid39642535, year = {2025}, author = {Scott, F and McCartney, G and Walsh, D and Wild, S and Rae, D and Ramsay, J and Donaghy, G and Douglas, M}, title = {Explanations for higher-than-expected all-cause mortality from April 2021: A scoping review.}, journal = {Public health}, volume = {238}, number = {}, pages = {73-82}, doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2024.10.010}, pmid = {39642535}, issn = {1476-5616}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality ; *Mortality/trends ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Cause of Death/trends ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Many countries have continued to experience a higher-than-expected number of deaths following the peaks in mortality observed in the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. This review aims to identify the different explanations proposed for sustained higher-than-expected mortality beyond the first pandemic year.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Scoping review.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search of databases and grey literature sources was completed to identify English-language records proposing or investigating hypotheses for higher-than-expected mortality from April 2021 onwards in (sub)populations of high-income countries. Papers focused on survival following a diagnosis or intervention were excluded. Results were summarised narratively, and existing research prioritisation frameworks were adapted and applied to identify priorities for further research within a UK context.<br><br>RESULTS: Seventy eligible papers were identified. Most were opinion pieces or simply presented trends; few included investigation of suggested hypotheses. Numerous explanations for higher-than-expected mortality were proposed, with hypotheses relating to direct Covid-19 mortality, sequalae of Covid-19 infection, the health service and wider impacts of the pandemic, and socioeconomic factors identified as highest-priority for further research.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A critical understanding of the causes of higher-than-expected mortality is essential for achieving evidence-informed policy. This review proposes priorities for further research, although these are based on author opinion only and likely to vary by setting. We did not seek to clarify the potential interactions between the hypotheses identified, however, in the UK, it is likely that the wider impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on socioeconomic conditions have exacerbated pre-existing austerity-related trends in stalling life expectancy.}, }
@article {pmid39642534, year = {2025}, author = {Arena, PJ and Bandak, J and Jeon, CY and Gadoth, A and Hoff, NA and Nkamba, DM and Nianogo, RA and Belin, TR and Nielsen-Saines, K and Kaba, D and Rimoin, AW}, title = {The impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on neonatal health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Public health}, volume = {238}, number = {}, pages = {108-116}, pmid = {39642534}, issn = {1476-5616}, support = {D43 TW012736/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States ; R56 AI172252/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR001881/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Infant, Newborn ; Premature Birth/epidemiology ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; *Stillbirth/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Infant Health ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between COVID-19 mitigation measures and stillbirth, low birth weight (LBW), and preterm birth (PTB) in sub-Saharan Africa.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review/meta-analysis.<br><br>METHODS: We searched six databases for literature indexed from January 2020 to December 2022 for studies examining COVID-19 policies and neonatal outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. These studies were assessed for their risk of bias and described via narrative synthesis. Meta-analysis with random effects was performed to generate risk ratios (RRs) that were stratified by study scope to explore heterogeneity.<br><br>RESULTS: Our search identified 515 unique studies, sixteen of which were included. Most studies were multi-/single-center examinations (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;7) and national/regional investigations (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;6). The stillbirth RR suggested a marginal increase during mitigation measures (RR: 1.13; 95&#xa0;% CI: 0.97, 1.31); however, among national/regional studies, there was no increase (RR: 0.96; 95&#xa0;% CI: 0.82, 1.14). Similarly, the LBW RR suggested an increase during mitigation measures (RR: 1.18; 95&#xa0;% CI: 0.90, 1.56), but the RR among national/regional investigations indicated no increase (RR: 0.97; 95&#xa0;% CI: 0.91, 1.04). For PTB, the RR indicated no increase during mitigation measures (RR: 1.00; 95&#xa0;% CI: 0.94, 1.07); there were no differences between multi-/single-center examinations and national/regional investigations.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that outcome risk did not change after mitigation measures were imposed when focusing on national/regional investigations and provide insights for both African health officials and researchers.}, }
@article {pmid39642382, year = {2025}, author = {Shin, SY and Chen, J and Milman Krentsis, I and Reisner, Y and Abrencillo, R and Hussain, R and Wu, D and Karmouty-Quintana, H}, title = {From Epithelium to Therapy: Transitional Cells in Lung Fibrosis.}, journal = {American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology}, volume = {72}, number = {5}, pages = {472-483}, pmid = {39642382}, issn = {1535-4989}, support = {R01 HL138510/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL157100/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R35 HL171346/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; 1R01HL138510/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology/therapy ; Lung/pathology ; *Pulmonary Fibrosis/therapy/pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; COVID-19/complications ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Alveolar Epithelial Cells/metabolism/pathology ; Epithelium/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung fibrosis secondary to infections such as influenza A and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have limited treatment options outside of supportive therapy and lung transplantation. Multiple lung stem cell populations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis, and more progenitor cell populations continue to be discovered and characterized. In this review, we summarize the functions and differentiation pathways of various cells that constitute the lung epithelium. We then focus on two subpopulations of KRT5[+] or KRT8[+] transitional cells that both originate from alveolar type II cells but experience different cell fates and play important roles in lung regeneration and repair. We address these transitional cells' potential role in fibrosis and bronchiolization of the alveoli, as they are correlated to aggregate near fibrotic foci in both in vivo models and in human fibrotic lung disease. We conclude by discussing recent advances in cell and organoid therapy to replace aberrant transitional cells and treat lung fibrosis. Namely, we focus on strategies to minimize immune clearance of transplanted cells and to optimize engraftment by transplanting cells precultured as three-dimensional organoids.}, }
@article {pmid39642252, year = {2024}, author = {Rice, M and Etheridge, S and Armstrong, A and Coleman, E and Corcoran, J and Hyde, H and Jordan, J and Barrett, S and Bryant, P and Smith, TS}, title = {Call to Action: Bolstering the Diminishing Pediatric Nursing Workforce.}, journal = {The Journal of nursing education}, volume = {63}, number = {12}, pages = {806-812}, doi = {10.3928/01484834-20240725-01}, pmid = {39642252}, issn = {1938-2421}, mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology/nursing ; *Curriculum ; Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/methods ; Education, Nursing, Graduate/methods ; Nursing Education Research ; *Pediatric Nursing/education/statistics &amp; numerical data ; United States ; Health Workforce/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pediatric workforce shortages became more apparent with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the rise in other viruses. Among factors affecting these shortages are undergraduate and graduate curricula that include pediatric content and clinical experiences.<br><br>METHOD: A narrative review was conducted to examine the state of the pediatric nursing workforce, describe curricular models in undergraduate and graduate programs, and determine the effects of these models on pediatric content and clinical experiences as well as subsequent employment in pediatric nursing.<br><br>RESULTS: Curricula affect knowledge of pediatric content and clinical ability to practice, potentially resulting in direct care pediatric workforce shortages and subsequently the number of pediatric nurse practitioners, nurse scientists, and faculty.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Research is needed on specific shortages in the pediatric workforce, standardization of required pediatric content and clinical hours, and simulation versus in-person clinical experience to prepare graduates for practice, as well as practice perspectives of new graduates' ability to practice. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(12):806-812.].}, }
@article {pmid39641639, year = {2025}, author = {Moreland, RB and Brubaker, L and Tinawi, L and Wolfe, AJ}, title = {Rapid and accurate testing for urinary tract infection: new clothes for the emperor.}, journal = {Clinical microbiology reviews}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, pages = {e0012924}, pmid = {39641639}, issn = {1098-6618}, mesh = {Humans ; *Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis/microbiology/drug therapy ; Urinalysis/methods ; }, abstract = {SUMMARYUrinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common infections in clinical practice. In some cases, if left untreated, it can lead to pyelonephritis and urosepsis. In other cases, UTI resolves without treatment. Clinical diagnosis is typically based on patient symptoms and/or urinalysis, including urine dipsticks. The standard urine culture method is sometimes employed to identify the suspected urinary pathogen (uropathogen) and/or guide antimicrobial choice, but results are rarely available before 24 h. The standard urine culture method also misses fastidious, anaerobic, and slow-growing uropathogens and rarely reports polymicrobial infections. The unexplained combination of negative urine cultures with persistent urinary tract symptoms is distressing to both patients and clinicians. Given the broad appreciation of the advantages provided by rapid testing (e.g., for COVID-19 or influenza A), a rapid, accurate diagnostic test is needed to deliver timely treatment to patients seeking care for UTI that optimizes antibiotic stewardship. Herein, we discuss progress being made toward an accessible, timely (i.e., within hours), accurate assay with results that are clinically useful for the treating clinician within the timeframe of the infection (i.e., the growth rate of the pathogen(s)). New and emerging uropathogens often overlooked by current diagnostic techniques are also reviewed.}, }
@article {pmid39641478, year = {2024}, author = {Evans, R and MacDonald, S and Trubey, R and Noyes, J and Robling, M and Willis, S and Vinnicombe, S and Boffey, M and Wooders, C and El-Banna, A and Melendez-Torres, GJ}, title = {Interventions to improve mental health and well-being in care-experienced children and young people aged less than 25: the CHIMES systematic review.}, journal = {Public health research (Southampton, England)}, volume = {12}, number = {14}, pages = {1-124}, doi = {10.3310/MKYP6299}, pmid = {39641478}, issn = {2050-439X}, mesh = {Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; *Mental Health ; United Kingdom ; Young Adult ; Foster Home Care ; Child, Preschool ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Children and young people with experience of being in care (e.g. foster care, kinship care, residential care or at home with a supervision requirement order) are at higher risk of adverse mental health and well-being outcomes compared to the general population. Despite a range of policy recommendations and interventions, it is not clear what approaches are effective in the United Kingdom, or how context factors give rise to facilitators and inhibitors of implementation and acceptability.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The CHIMES review is a complex-systems-informed mixed-method systematic review that aimed to synthesise the international evidence base for interventions addressing the mental health and well-being of care-experienced children and young people (age&#x2005;&#x2264;&#x2005;25&#xa0;years) and to assess the potential transportability of this evidence base to the United Kingdom context.<br><br>DATA SOURCES: We searched 16 electronic bibliographic databases and 22 websites from 1990 to May 2022. We conducted citation tracking, screened relevant systematic reviews and contacted international experts.<br><br>METHOD: We used a convergent synthesis design. We first constructed an evidence map to confirm review scope before undertaking method-level syntheses for outcome evaluations, process evaluations and economic evaluations. These elements were integrated into a review-level synthesis to identify potential evidence-based interventions that may progress to further development, adaptation and evaluation in the United Kingdom. We conducted stakeholder consultations to prioritise intervention theories, types and outcomes.<br><br>RESULTS: We identified 64 interventions from 124 study reports. Interventions were primarily evaluated in the United States and targeted young people's competencies or carers' parenting practices. Meta-analysis reported limited evidence that interventions effectively improved mental health in the shorter term (0-6&#xa0;months): total social, emotional and behavioural problems (d&#x2005;=&#x2005;-0.15, 95% confidence interval -0.28 to -0.02); internalising problem behaviours (d&#x2005;=&#x2005;-0.35, 95% confidence interval -0.61 to -0.08); externalising problem behaviours (d&#x2005;=&#x2005;-0.30, 95% confidence interval -0.53 to -0.08); depression and anxiety (d&#x2005;=&#x2005;-0.26, 95% confidence interval -0.40 to -0.13) and social-emotional functioning difficulties (d&#x2005;=&#x2005;-0.18, 95% confidence interval -0.31 to -0.05), but these impacts were not observed in the longer term (>&#xa0;6&#xa0;months). Five key context factors potentially explain challenges to implementation and acceptability: lack of system resources; the time, cognitive and emotional burden of delivery or participation; interprofessional tensions; the devaluing of young people, meaning that they felt unable to express dissatisfaction with interventions; and the devaluating of carers' expertise and needs. From the evidence, stakeholder consultation identified two priority interventions: (1) mentoring by individuals with knowledge and experience of care and (2) system and ethos change to create harmonisation between organisations and facilitate interprofessional relationships. Well-being and suicide-related behaviours are priority outcomes alongside mental health.<br><br>LIMITATIONS: The review was limited by a paucity of theory and economic evaluations, so it is unclear how interventions might function or their potential cost-effectiveness. Interventions were insufficiently described, making it challenging to map the evidence base. Outcome evaluations were poorly reported. Due to ongoing restrictions with COVID-19, stakeholder consultations were conducted later than intended with a smaller number of attendees.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The review identified some evidence for interventions impacting mental health in the short term. There is a lack of system-level interventions and approaches that target subjective well-being and suicide-related outcomes. Future intervention might prioritise mentoring and targeting system culture.<br><br>STUDY REGISTRATION: This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42020177478.<br><br>FUNDING: This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR129113) and is published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 12, No. 14. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.}, }
@article {pmid39641453, year = {2024}, author = {Moelyaningrum, AD and Keman, S and Melaniani, S and Prasasti, CI}, title = {Ventilation in school and students' health after outbreak of COVID-19: A systematic literature review.}, journal = {African journal of reproductive health}, volume = {28}, number = {10s}, pages = {449-459}, doi = {10.29063/ajrh2024/v28i9.46}, pmid = {39641453}, issn = {1118-4841}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Schools ; *Students/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Ventilation ; *Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Particulate Matter ; }, abstract = {Ventilation is one of the factors that support the health of students needed to support the goals of education. The objective of this study is to analyze how ventilation at school impacts the health of students. Scopus and Web of Science were used to retrieve published articles on ventilation at school and students' health. The search method used the keywords "ventilation" OR "Indoor air pollution" OR "Indoor environment quality" AND "School" AND "Student" OR "Children" AND "Health", from 2019- May 2023. The ventilation in schools researched were ventilation methods, insufficient or lack of ventilation, and the frequency of opening windows. The parameters of air quality were studied in classrooms Nitrogen Dioxide were (NO2);Particulate matter 10 (PM10); Particulate matter 2,5 (PM2.5); Particulate matter (PM1); Ozone (O3), benzene (C6H6), and carbon dioxide (CO2. The results showed that the diseases identified in students as a result of poor ventilation were tiredness, bronchitis, symptoms off asthma, risk of infection, rhinitis, etc. We conclude that as ventilation reduces indoor air pollutants, thus related to student health, it should be prioritized to fulfil the requirements for the health of students.}, }
@article {pmid39641157, year = {2024}, author = {Srivastava, R and Ahmad, F and Mishra, BN and Mathkor, DM and Singh, V and Haque, S}, title = {Terrein: isolation, chemical synthesis, bioactivity and future prospects of a potential therapeutic fungal metabolite.}, journal = {Natural product research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-13}, doi = {10.1080/14786419.2024.2436112}, pmid = {39641157}, issn = {1478-6427}, abstract = {The increasing risk of drug-resistant infections and unexpected pandemics like Covid-19 has prompted researchers to explore the area of drug repurposing. Natural products, being a result of the evolutionary optimisation processes can be potential starting points for such drug discovery programs. One such unexplored chemical is terrein, a secondary fungal metabolite. Although discovered in 1935 from Aspergillus terreus, the therapeutic potential of terrein has largely remained undeciphered. Research has primarily been focused on its biosynthetic pathways and its mycotoxic effects. However, in the last two decades, its biological properties including anticancer, anti-inflammatory anti-melanogenic, and bacteriocidal activities have been reported. These reports are preliminary in nature and do not adequately establish its overall therapeutic application. From its structural and therapeutic properties, it can be conjectured that terrein may act as a novel multimodal therapeutic. This comprehensive study reviews the synthesis, production and application aspects of terrein to understand its importance.}, }
@article {pmid39640848, year = {2024}, author = {Nair, A and Kis, Z}, title = {Bacteriophage RNA polymerases: catalysts for mRNA vaccines and therapeutics.}, journal = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1504876}, pmid = {39640848}, issn = {2296-889X}, support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {Decades of research on bacteriophage-derived RNA polymerases (RNAPs) were vital for synthesizing mRNA using the in vitro transcription (IVT) reaction for vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. The future success of mRNA-based products relies on the efficiency of its manufacturing process. mRNA manufacturing is a platform technology that complements the quality by design (QbD) paradigm. We applied the QbD framework in combination with key mechanistic insights on RNAP to assess the impact of IVT-associated critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical material attributes (CMAs) on the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the mRNA drug substance and on manufacturing key performance indicators (KPIs). We also summarize the structure-function relationship of T7 RNAP and its engineered mutants aimed at enhancing the critical production of low-immunogenic mRNA therapeutics. Alternatives to the current set of standard RNAPs in large-scale IVTs are also discussed based on a phylogenetic background. Finally, the review dives into the economic implications of improving mRNA manufacturing based on the main enzyme, T7 RNAP, used to synthesize the mRNA drug substance. The review concludes by mapping the relationship between various CMAs and CPPs with different phases of the IVT reaction from a QbD perspective.}, }
@article {pmid39640844, year = {2024}, author = {González-Riera, FJ and García-Iglesias, JJ and Allande-Cussó, R and Ruiz-Frutos, C and Rodríguez-Diaz, L and Vázquez-Lara, JM and Fernández-Carrasco, FJ and Fagundo-Rivera, J and Gómez-Salgado, J}, title = {Mental Health of Prison Inmates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {International journal of public health}, volume = {69}, number = {}, pages = {1607166}, pmid = {39640844}, issn = {1661-8564}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Prisoners/psychology ; *Mental Health ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Prisons ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology/psychology ; Pandemics ; Depression/epidemiology/psychology ; Anxiety/epidemiology/psychology ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess how COVID-19 affected the levels of different mental health variables in prison inmates.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA format in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ScienceDirect electronic databases between August and September 2023. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tools for studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included. The studies found increased levels of stress, anxiety, fear, depression, and negative emotions associated with lack of information about the pandemic and isolation leading to reduced social interaction. In addition, lack of access to common recreational spaces, limited access to support resources, especially mental health resources, fear of contracting the virus, and lack of trust in prison staff and in themselves to be protected were identified.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Further research may be necessary in prison populations with added vulnerability, such as the elderly, women, transgender and non-binary persons, to determine specific interventions, after assessing the prevalent psychological sequelae. Prevention strategies and mental health promotion are also encouraged.}, }
@article {pmid39640843, year = {2024}, author = {Xiao, G and He, T and Zhang, B and Yang, Z and Ling, N and Chen, M and Zhang, D and Hu, P and Zhang, G and Peng, M and Cai, D and Ren, H}, title = {Safety and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {International journal of public health}, volume = {69}, number = {}, pages = {1605295}, pmid = {39640843}, issn = {1661-8564}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; *Liver Diseases/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Chronic Disease ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood/immunology ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).<br><br>METHODS: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from 2020 to 2024. Data was extracted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The random-effects model (when I[2] &#x2265; 50%) or fixed effect model (I[2] < 50%) was used.<br><br>RESULTS: 29 studies were included in this review. Compared to healthy controls (HCs), patients with CLD had a higher incidence of mild adverse events (RR = 1.60, p < 0.001), while the incidence of severe adverse events was similar (RR = 1.08, p = 0.92). Seropositivity rates of three antibodies in patients were lower than in HCs [neutralizing antibody (RR = 0.86, p = 0.002), anti-spike antibody (RR = 0.97, p = 0.06) and anti-receptor binding domain antibody (RR = 0.95, p = 0.04)]. Compared to unvaccinated patients, vaccinated patients had lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization and death (p &#x2264; 0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 vaccines showed good safety and efficacy in CLD patients, but antibody response appeared to be decreased. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and booster doses should be given priority in this vulnerable population.}, }
@article {pmid39640715, year = {2024}, author = {Lai, S and Min, S}, title = {Perioperative cardiovascular risk and preventions of patients with post-COVID-19 condition.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {10}, number = {20}, pages = {e39345}, pmid = {39640715}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {COVID-19 infectious is still a widely prevalent disease today. Although most patients with COVID-19 infection are mild. Some patients still develop to post-COVID-19 conditions, significantly increasing the perioperative cardiovascular risks. To better assess and prevent the perioperative cardiovascular risks of patients with COVID-19 infection, the safety and effectiveness of clinical practice can be improved through comprehensive measures, such as medical history collection, detection of symptoms and signs, application of auxiliary examinations, selection of scales and related rehabilitation treatment.}, }
@article {pmid39640575, year = {2024}, author = {Prentice, KR and Beitelshees, M and Hill, A and Jones, CH}, title = {Defining health equity: A modern US perspective.}, journal = {iScience}, volume = {27}, number = {12}, pages = {111326}, pmid = {39640575}, issn = {2589-0042}, abstract = {Health equity is a concept that has gained increasing attention and relevance in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has exposed and exacerbated the health disparities and inequities among different population groups in the United States. This article aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the historical, theoretical, and empirical foundations of health equity, as well as the challenges and opportunities for advancing it in the modern US society. By adopting an interdisciplinary and intersectional approach, and by drawing on literature from public health, sociology, economics, and human rights, we argue that health equity is not only a matter of fairness and justice, but also a strategic and pragmatic goal for improving the health and well-being of the entire nation. Here, we propose a modern definition of health equity for the US context, and conclude with some recommendations for policy, practice, and research to promote health equity in the US.}, }
@article {pmid39640342, year = {2024}, author = {Deruelle, F}, title = {Microwave radiofrequencies, 5G, 6G, graphene nanomaterials: Technologies used in neurological warfare.}, journal = {Surgical neurology international}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {439}, pmid = {39640342}, issn = {2229-5097}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Scientific literature, with no conflicts of interest, shows that even below the limits defined by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, microwaves from telecommunication technologies cause numerous health effects: neurological, oxidative stress, carcinogenicity, deoxyribonucleic acid and immune system damage, electro-hypersensitivity. The majority of these biological effects of non-thermal microwave radiation have been known since the 1970s.<br><br>METHODS: Detailed scientific, political, and military documents were analyzed. Most of the scientific literature comes from PubMed. The other articles (except for a few) come from impacted journals . The rare scientific documents that were not peer reviewed were produced by recognized scientists in their fields. The rest of the documentation comes from official sources: political (e.g., European Union and World Health Organization), military (e.g., US Air Force and NATO), patents, and national newspapers.<br><br>RESULTS: (1) Since their emergence, the authorities have deployed and encouraged the use of wireless technologies (2G, 3G, 4G, WiFi, WiMAX, DECT, Bluetooth, cell phone towers/masts/base stations, small cells, etc.) in full awareness of their harmful effects on health. (2) Consequences of microwave radiation from communication networks are comparable to the effects of low-power directed-energy microwave weapons, whose objectives include behavioral modification through neurological (brain) targeting. Above 20 gigahertz, 5G behaves like an unconventional chemical weapon. (3) Biomedical engineering (via graphene-based nanomaterials) will enable brain-computer connections, linked wirelessly to the Internet of Everything through 5G and 6G networks (2030) and artificial intelligence, gradually leading to human-machine fusion (cyborg) before the 2050s.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Despite reports and statements from the authorities presenting the constant deployment of new wireless communication technologies, as well as medical research into nanomaterials, as society's ideal future, in-depth research into these scientific fields shows, above all, an objective linked to the current cognitive war. It could be hypothesized that, in the future, this aim will correspond to the control of humanity by machines.}, }
@article {pmid39639960, year = {2024}, author = {Miller, CM and Borre, C and Green, A and Funaro, M and Oliveira, CR and Iwasaki, A}, title = {Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients Within the United States: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {American journal of medicine open}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {100078}, pmid = {39639960}, issn = {2667-0364}, support = {K23 AI159518/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; TL1 TR001864/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {A subset of children and adolescents experience recurrent or persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), however, the clinical epidemiology within the United States (US) is not yet well understood. This scoping review aims to synthesize the clinical epidemiology of pediatric PASC in the US. A comprehensive literature search was conducted and databases were queried from inception until January 29, 2024. Studies including US children and adolescents <21 years old were considered. From 1028 studies identified, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of PASC ranged from less than 1%-27%. Risk factors included older age, female sex, asthma, obesity, and severe initial infection. Common symptoms were dyspnea, fatigue, headaches, and chest pain. A multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and management was common across studies. Most studies had a high risk of bias and were limited by a lack of standardized definitions and short follow-up duration. This review establishes a foundation for understanding pediatric PASC and highlights the critical need for continued research to optimize prevention and treatment strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39639643, year = {2024}, author = {Arya, R and Kumar, S and Vinetz, JM and Kim, JJ and Chaurasia, R}, title = {Unlocking the potential of miRNAs in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis: prospects and pitfalls.}, journal = {Expert reviews in molecular medicine}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {e32}, pmid = {39639643}, issn = {1462-3994}, mesh = {Humans ; *MicroRNAs/genetics ; *Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis/genetics ; *Biomarkers ; COVID-19/diagnosis/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; }, abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases globally, ranking as 13th leading cause of mortality and morbidity. According to the Global Tuberculosis Report 2022, TB claimed the lives of 1.6 million people worldwide in 2021. Among the casualties, 1 870 000 individuals with HIV co-infections contributed to 6.7% of the total fatalities, accounting TB as the second most lethal infectious disease following COVID-19. In the quest to identify biomarkers for disease progression and anti-TB therapy, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained attention due to their precise regulatory role in gene expression in disease stages and their ability to distinguish latent and active TB, enabling the development of early TB prognostic signatures. miRNAs are stable in biological fluids and therefore will be useful for non-invasive and broad sample collection. However, their inherent lack of specificity and experimental variations may lead to false-positive outcomes. These limitations can be overcome by integrating standard protocols with machine learning, presenting a novel tool for TB diagnostics and therapeutics. This review summarizes, discusses and highlights the potential of miRNAs as a biomarker, particularly their differential expression at disease stages. The review assesses the advantages and obstacles associated with miRNA-based diagnostic biomarkers in pulmonary TB and facilitates rapid, point-of-care testing.}, }
@article {pmid39639607, year = {2025}, author = {Adilović, M and Hromić-Jahjefendić, A and Mahmutović, L and Šutković, J and Rubio-Casillas, A and Redwan, EM and Uversky, VN}, title = {Intrinsic Factors Behind the Long-COVID: V. Immunometabolic Disorders.}, journal = {Journal of cellular biochemistry}, volume = {126}, number = {1}, pages = {e30683}, doi = {10.1002/jcb.30683}, pmid = {39639607}, issn = {1097-4644}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications/metabolism/pathology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Cytokines/metabolism/immunology ; Mitochondria/metabolism/immunology ; Inflammation/immunology/metabolism ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; *Metabolic Diseases/immunology/metabolism ; }, abstract = {The complex link between COVID-19 and immunometabolic diseases demonstrates the important interaction between metabolic dysfunction and immunological response during viral infections. Severe COVID-19, defined by a hyperinflammatory state, is greatly impacted by underlying chronic illnesses aggravating the cytokine storm caused by increased levels of Pro-inflammatory cytokines. Metabolic reprogramming, including increased glycolysis and altered mitochondrial function, promotes viral replication and stimulates inflammatory cytokine production, contributing to illness severity. Mitochondrial metabolism abnormalities, strongly linked to various systemic illnesses, worsen metabolic dysfunction during and after the pandemic, increasing cardiovascular consequences. Long COVID-19, defined by chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation, poses continuous problems, highlighting the need for comprehensive therapy solutions that address both immunological and metabolic aspects. Understanding these relationships shows promise for effectively managing COVID-19 and its long-term repercussions, which is the focus of this review paper.}, }
@article {pmid39639358, year = {2024}, author = {Mudiyanselage, SPK and Tsai, YT and Tsai, YJ and Yang, YH and Lu, ZT and Ko, NY}, title = {Global overview of suicidal behavior and risk factors among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.}, journal = {BMC psychology}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {727}, pmid = {39639358}, issn = {2050-7283}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; Risk Factors ; *Suicidal Ideation ; *Suicide, Attempted/statistics &amp; numerical data/psychology ; Global Health ; Suicide/statistics &amp; numerical data/psychology ; Prevalence ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic, declared by the World Health Organization in early 2020, rapidly escalated from a global health crisis to a significant public health issue worldwide. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive global overview of suicidal behavior and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: Adhering to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, literature searches were conducted across five databases: Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Academic Search Complete. The review encompassed studies published from January 1, 2019, to November 29, 2023. A total of 286 studies met the inclusion criteria, offering a broad perspective on suicidal behaviors during the pandemic. The studies underwent quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal for Checklist for Prevalence Studies Scale (CACPSS).<br><br>RESULTS: The highest rates of suicidal behavior were observed in the Americas, Europe, and the Western Pacific Region, with China and the United States reporting significant cases. Key risk factors included demographic characteristics, mental health conditions, and social support factors. Suicidal ideation prevalence rates ranged significantly, with the highest in some regions exceeding 50%. Suicide attempts and completed suicides also showed considerable variation across different countries and regions.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings emphasize the need for targeted mental health interventions and policies to reduce suicide risk, highlighting the multifaceted nature of suicidal behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches are necessary to address this pressing concern, and understanding the interplay among diverse risk factors is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39639274, year = {2024}, author = {Bolarinwa, OA and Odimegwu, C and Ajayi, KV and Oni, TO and Sah, RK and Akinyemi, A}, title = {Barriers and facilitators to accessing and utilising sexual and reproductive health services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {BMC health services research}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {1554}, pmid = {39639274}, issn = {1472-6963}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Reproductive Health Services/statistics &amp; numerical data/organization &amp; administration ; *Health Services Accessibility ; Africa/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; Pandemics ; Social Stigma ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ensuring uninterrupted access and utilisation of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services remains crucial for preventing adverse SRH outcomes. However, the unprecedented emergence of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) significantly disrupted most of these services in Africa. Thus, we systematically reviewed and examined barriers and facilitators to accessing and utilising SRH services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa.<br><br>METHODS: We systematically searched five databases for relevant articles published between January 2020 to December 2022, and the articles were screened following the JBI and PRISMA guidelines. Meta-synthesis of barriers and facilitators to accessing and utilising SRH services during the COVID-19 pandemic were reported, while a meta-analysis of the pooled prevalence of barriers to accessing and utilising SRH services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa was analysed using R.<br><br>RESULTS: The pooled prevalence of barriers to accessing and utilising SRH services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa was 26%. Seven themes were developed for the identified&#xa0;barriers (disruption of healthcare services, fear and misinformation, limited availability of resources, place &amp; region of residence, healthcare staff attitude/manpower, limited access to transportation, and stigma and discrimination), whilst six themes were developed for the identified&#xa0;facilitators (support for vulnerable populations, socio-demographic characteristics, community outreach programs, policy adaptations, telemedicine and digital health, and change in choice of sexual and reproductive commodities).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted SRH service access and utilisation in Africa. We recommend that future research consider a longitudinal examination of the pandemic on African SRH services.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022373335.}, }
@article {pmid39638415, year = {2025}, author = {Hashemi, H and Fayaz, F and Hashemi, A and Khabazkhoob, M}, title = {Global prevalence of cataract surgery.}, journal = {Current opinion in ophthalmology}, volume = {36}, number = {1}, pages = {10-17}, pmid = {39638415}, issn = {1531-7021}, mesh = {Humans ; *Cataract Extraction/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Global Health ; Prevalence ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Services Accessibility/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Cataract/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The objective of this review article is to ascertain the global distribution of cataract surgery and evaluate the extent of its coverage in recent years.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The cataract surgical rate (CSR) has been reported from 36 to 12 800 (per million population) across different countries. The average cataract surgical coverage (CSC) in the majority of countries was around 50% or lower. Additionally, in many countries, the efficient CSC (eCSC) deviates from the CSC, emphasizing the importance of attention to the quality of surgical procedures. Socioeconomic status and access to health services are key determinants in the distribution of cataract surgery. This procedure is more prevalent among older individuals, with a higher incidence among men and private insurances tend to cover a larger portion of cataract surgeries. The pandemic of COVID-19 has had a detrimental effect on cataract surgery rates in numerous countries.<br><br>SUMMARY: The rate of cataract surgery and its extent of coverage in certain countries is inadequate. The primary factor influencing the quantity and coverage of cataract surgeries is the economic status of the countries. Additionally, government support through insurance and the provision of appropriate healthcare services can contribute to an increase in cataract surgeries.}, }
@article {pmid39638272, year = {2025}, author = {Jin, E and Li, B and Wang, X and Yan, R and Yan, C and Gao, Y}, title = {Prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis.}, journal = {Vascular pharmacology}, volume = {158}, number = {}, pages = {107444}, doi = {10.1016/j.vph.2024.107444}, pmid = {39638272}, issn = {1879-3649}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology/blood/diagnosis ; *Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/blood ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Biomarkers/blood ; *Antiphospholipid Syndrome/epidemiology/diagnosis/immunology/blood ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In some reports, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) prevalence is higher in COVID-19 patients. This study intended to compare aPL prevalence between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls, and differences in aPL types using meta-analysis.<br><br>METHODS: This work retrieved published literature about association between COVID-19 and aPL from Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and The Cochrane Library databases. The observation group was COVID-19 patients, and the control group was healthy individuals. Outcome measures contained any of following aPLs: classic aPL: anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and anti-&#x3b2;2-glycoprotein-1 antibodies (Anti-&#x3b2;2GP1); other non-criteria aPL: anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) and anti-annexin-V antibodies (AnV). Meta-analysis was done on Review Manager 5.4.<br><br>RESULTS: 10 studies involving 2288 patients were deemed eligible for inclusion. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of Classic aPL and Any aPL in the COVID-19 group was significantly higher than in the healthy group (Classic aPL, RR&#xa0;=&#xa0;2.55, 95&#xa0;% CI&#xa0;=&#xa0;1.83-3.55, P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.00001; Any aPL, RR&#xa0;=&#xa0;2.34, 95&#xa0;% CI&#xa0;=&#xa0;1.46-3.77, P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.0005). Anti-&#x3b2;2GP1 IgA antibodies were the most common aPL in COVID-19 patients, with a significantly higher prevalence than in the healthy group (RR&#xa0;=&#xa0;4.26, 95&#xa0;% CI&#xa0;=&#xa0;2.84-6.40, P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.00001). The prevalence of the four types of IgM aPL was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group compared to the healthy group, while there was no significant difference in aPL IgG between the two groups.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The prevalence of aPL in COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than in the healthy control group. IgM aPL was more easily detectable in the early stages of COVID-19 infection, while IgG aPL may be of more concern in the later time points of the immune epidemiology following SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid39637679, year = {2025}, author = {Zhao, T and Wang, Z and Tong, M and Fei, Y}, title = {The development of therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19.}, journal = {Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease}, volume = {111}, number = {3}, pages = {116643}, doi = {10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116643}, pmid = {39637679}, issn = {1879-0070}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology/drug effects ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Vaccine Development ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; }, abstract = {Since the COVID-19 pandemic, it has caused a great threat to the global economy and public health, initiatives have been launched to control the spread of the virus. To explore the efficacy of drugs, a large number of clinical trials have been carried out, with the purpose of providing guidelines based on high-quality evidence for clinicians. We mainly discuss therapeutic agents for COVID-19 and explain the mechanism, including antiviral agents, tocilizumab, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, neutralizing antibody therapies and corticosteroids. In addition, the COVID-19 vaccine has been proven to be efficacious in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. We systematically analyzed four mainstream vaccine platforms: messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, viral vector vaccines, inactivated vaccines and protein subunit vaccines. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of drugs and vaccines through enumerating the most typical clinical trials. However, the emergence of novel variants has further complicated the interpretation of the available clinical data, especially vaccines and antibody therapies. In the post-epidemic era, therapeutic agents are still the first choice for controlling the progression of disease, whereas the protective effect of vaccines against different strains should be assessed comprehensively.}, }
@article {pmid39637142, year = {2024}, author = {Kothari, R and Baran, RV and Rudziak, P and Shah, V and Nouvet, E}, title = {The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV healthcare delivery for females in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review.}, journal = {PLOS global public health}, volume = {4}, number = {12}, pages = {e0002975}, pmid = {39637142}, issn = {2767-3375}, abstract = {Throughout sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), females are disproportionately impacted by HIV and face generalized but also gendered social and economic barriers to accessing HIV healthcare and services. At the outset of the pandemic, many anticipated COVID-19 would represent a major set-back for HIV care in the region. The impact of COVID-19 on HIV health services and HIV-affected populations has been reported in specific populations but has not been synthesized for females in the SSA region. The objective of this scoping review is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on HIV healthcare delivery and services for females in SSA. Four databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Studies included were limited to English primary research articles reporting on the interactions between COVID-19 and HIV healthcare delivery and services amongst females in SSA. Two pairs of reviewers each screened 1390 articles via abstract and full-text screening, and data extraction was facilitated with a standardized protocol. A total of 39 studies were included in this review. Through thematic analysis of the articles, we identified five major themes-accessibility, availability, affordability, clinical barriers, and psychosocial barriers-which complicated the provision of HIV care during the COVID-19 pandemic and facilitators of HIV care during the pandemic. The literature highlighted two special populations, female sex workers and pregnant females, as having unique challenges in accessing HIV care due to societal stigma and their personalized health needs. Reviewed articles indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic introduced and exacerbated barriers to the accessibility, availability, and affordability of HIV healthcare and services for females in SSA. This review should be used by healthcare workers, healthcare administrators, policymakers, and the government to better understand the current gaps in HIV service provision to females during the COVID-19 pandemic, which can support the delivery of HIV care to females for future public health emergencies.}, }
@article {pmid39636900, year = {2024}, author = {Shan, J and Huang, B and Xin, Y and Li, R and Zhang, X and Xu, H}, title = {The clinical characteristics and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children of acute hepatitis with unknown aetiology: A meta-analysis and systematic review.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {19}, number = {12}, pages = {e0311772}, pmid = {39636900}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Acute Disease ; Coinfection/epidemiology/virology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; *Hepatitis/complications/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; }, abstract = {The World Health Organization has issued a global alert on Acute Severe Hepatitis of Unknown Aetiology (AS-HEP-UA) since 23 April 2022,and there was still uncertainty regarding the association of AS-HEP-UA with SARS-CoV-2 as well as adenovirus. This study aimed to summarize the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and co-infections with adenovirus, as well as clinical features and outcomes in patients with AS-HEP-UA. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from 1 October 2021 to 8 December 2022 for studies about patients with AS-HEP-UA. This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023385056). We has included 14 eligible articles. The main clinical features of AS-HEP-UA were jaundice (65%) and vomiting (59%), while other clinical features included diarrhea (45%), abdominal pain (37%), and fever (31%), roughly 10% of the children required liver transplantation. The overall positivity rate for SARS-CoV-2 was 21.6% (95% CI: 0.126-0.319), with 25.5% (95% CI: 0.161-0.358) for previous infections. The positivity rate for adenovirus infection was 58.6% (95% CI:0.429-0.736) while co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 was 17.5% (95% CI: 0.049-0.342). Moreover, we found that the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 for this hepatitis outbreak was correlated with region by subgroup analysis. In conclusion, the positive rate of adenovirus was higher than SARS-CoV-2, and the relationship between AS-Hep-UA and COVID-19 is not significant. However, it cannot be excluded that the COVID-19 epidemic is an indirect causative agent of AS-Hep-UA, which requires a larger cohort of AS-Hep-UA patients to uncover additional findings.}, }
@article {pmid39636443, year = {2025}, author = {Ziegler, A and Kunzler, AM and Voigt-Radloff, S and Schmitt, J and Moerer, O and Scheithauer, S and Heytens, H and Apfelbacher, C and Meerpohl, JJ}, title = {[Prioritization of research questions in health crises-presentation of a concept developed during the COVID-19 pandemic].}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {68}, number = {1}, pages = {97-104}, pmid = {39636443}, issn = {1437-1588}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Germany/epidemiology ; *Health Priorities/organization &amp; administration ; *Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; *Biomedical Research/organization &amp; administration ; Evidence-Based Medicine/organization &amp; administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {In acute crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, scientific questions need to be addressed quickly in order to protect the health of the population and to maintain the function of the healthcare system. The prevailing urgency and the large number of issues to be addressed, combined with the limitation of time, personnel, or monetary resources make prioritization indispensable. In the COVID-19 Evidence Ecosystem (CEOsys) project initiated by the University Medicine Network (NUM), a procedure for the rapid prioritization of questions was used specifically for evidence syntheses and clinical guideline recommendations, which was further developed in the follow-up project PREparedness and Pandemic Response in Germany (PREPARED).The result is a concept paper on the prioritization of research questions and topics with a more generic orientation. The content of the concept is presented in this article. The core subjects are basic principles of successful prioritization as well as an explicit seven-step process with information on organizational framework conditions and the procedure. The concept offers possibilities for adaptation, as research prioritization is highly context-dependent.The application of such a systematic, transparent prioritization process contributes to comprehensible and informed decisions about which research questions are relevant and urgent, in which order they should be processed, and which issues are not critically urgent or have to be postponed.}, }
@article {pmid39636363, year = {2024}, author = {Bertollo, AG and Dalazen, JB and Cassol, JV and Hellmann, MB and Mota, TL and Ignácio, ZM and Bagatini, MD}, title = {Melatonin's Impact on Cytokine Storm and Modulation of Purinergic Receptors for COVID-19 Prognosis: A Mental Health Perspective.}, journal = {Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN}, volume = {74}, number = {4}, pages = {113}, pmid = {39636363}, issn = {1559-1166}, support = {310606/2021-7//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#xed;fico e Tecnol&#xf3;gico/ ; }, mesh = {*Melatonin/therapeutic use/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/metabolism ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/drug therapy ; *Receptors, Purinergic/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use/pharmacology/metabolism ; Animals ; }, abstract = {In 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started a global health crisis and was associated with high rates of depression and anxiety. Both mental disorders and COVID-19 exhibit similarities in pathophysiology, characterized by immune system overactivation, involvement of the purinergic system, and oxidative stress, besides additional factors and systems likely contributing to the complexities of these conditions. The purinergic system contributes to the disease-influenced immune response, an essential strategy for controlling pathophysiological effects. In this context, the hormone melatonin emerges as a substance that can modulate the purinergic system and contribute positively to the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated mental disorders. Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the body's circadian rhythms, plays an essential role in regulating sleep and mood, and modulates the purinergic system. Recent studies suggest melatonin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may benefit COVID-19. This review explores melatonin's impact on inflammatory cytokine storm in COVID-19 through purinergic system modulation.}, }
@article {pmid39636014, year = {2024}, author = {Lababidi, G and Lababidi, H and Bitar, F and Arabi, M}, title = {Adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccine in the paediatric population: a focus on the cardiovascular system.}, journal = {Cardiology in the young}, volume = {34}, number = {10}, pages = {2059-2067}, doi = {10.1017/S1047951124026118}, pmid = {39636014}, issn = {1467-1107}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Child ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Cardiovascular Diseases ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Cardiovascular System/drug effects ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on healthcare systems and exists globally. To control pandemic progression, COVID-19 vaccines were developed and licensed for use in the adult population in early 2021 and became available in paediatric cohorts several months later. Since then, several studies have reported adverse events and severe adverse events in the adult and paediatric cohorts. The question remains whether there exists a significant risk to paediatric COVID-19 vaccination. This study reviews the classification and presentation of severe adverse events and discusses relevant reports in the literature. An emphasis is put on cardiovascular severe adverse events and adverse events. This paper also provides current and future perspectives relative to the pandemic, its control, and the future of vaccine immunology.}, }
@article {pmid39635815, year = {2024}, author = {Tényi, D and Tényi, T and Janszky, J}, title = {[Long COVID - neurological or somatoform disease?].}, journal = {Ideggyogyaszati szemle}, volume = {77}, number = {11-12}, pages = {397-405}, doi = {10.18071/isz.77.0397}, pmid = {39635815}, issn = {0019-1442}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology ; *Somatoform Disorders/psychology ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Nervous System Diseases/virology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Post-COVID condition (also known as long COVID) is a syndrome characterized by persistent symptoms following a suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, lasting for at least two months and are not attributable to other conditions. The most common symptoms include fatigue, diffuse pain, post-exertional malaise and “brain fog” (impairment of memory and concentration). The pathomechanism of long COVID is the subject of ongoing, intensive research. Our purpose was to review the literature on the pathomechanism of long COVID.<br><br>METHODS: We reviewed original and review articles in Hungarian and English on the pathomechanism of long COVID, published between January 2019 and June 2024, in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases.<br><br>RESULTS: Potential underlying causes of the symptoms are outlined in three main theories. 1) The concept of &#x201c;long COVID as a distinct neurological disease&#x201d; suggests that direct viral neuroinvasion, apoptosis, and demyelination processes are responsible for the symptoms. 2) The theory of &#x201c;long COVID as a systemic disease with neurological symptoms&#x201d; is based on the virus induced, prolonged cytokine and chemokine release, as well as the reactivation of latent viral infections. 3) According to the concept of &#x201c;long COVID as a somatoform disorder&#x201d;, the disease results from abnormal activation of the proinflammatory cytokine network leading to central nervous system sensitization, a well-known psychoneuroimmunological mechanism. Our study highlighted significant overlaps between long COVID and conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis, a group of symptoms not defined as a distinct mental disorder in DSM-5, but commonly referred to as Gulf War syndrome, chronic Lyme disease and somatic symptom disorder.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The pathomechanism of long COVID, which presents with a wide range of nonspecific symptoms, remains unknown, and no reproducible disease-specific biomarker has been identified to date. Clarifying the etiology of the disease is crucial for determining adequate and effective therapeutic methods.}, }
@article {pmid39635599, year = {2024}, author = {Loza Hernandez, F and Ochoa Lantigua, P and Puga Rosero, V and Jara Jimenez, S and Carrera Cajamarca, M and Leon-Rojas, JE}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical education and training programs in Latin America: a systematic review.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1499436}, pmid = {39635599}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic posed challenges to surgical training, demanding a balance between theoretical and practical knowledge, especially in Latin American countries. Therefore, our aim was to characterize the challenges faced by surgical education in these countries.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and the Virtual Health Library on March 23, 2022, yielding 2,838 articles. Articles were filtered by two independent reviewers focusing on the effect of the pandemic in surgical education.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 31 articles were selected; 54.83% of surgical programs reported a reduction in surgical involvement by trainees. First-year residents were the most affected, with some surgical residency programs forced to shift their residents to take care of COVID-19 patients; additionally, in 67.74% of cases, online courses and virtual simulation was implemented. Most of the residents had a positive opinion regarding virtual lectures but considered that their surgical skills were affected.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The development of surgical skills was hindered by changes in surgery prioritization, techniques, and a decrease in caseload. The pandemic also caused a reliance on virtual formats for education and patient care. This shift created irregularities in training but increased opportunities for alternate activities.}, }
@article {pmid39635585, year = {2024}, author = {Karimi, M and Faal Hamedanchi, N and Ansari, K and Nahavandi, R and Mazdak, M and Javaherchian, F and Koochaki, P and Asadi Anar, M and Shirforoush Sattari, M and Mohamaditabar, M}, title = {Rhabdomyolysis secondary to COVID-19 infection and vaccination: a review of literature.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1460676}, pmid = {39635585}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {Rhabdomyolysis (RML), characterized by the breakdown of skeletal muscle fibers and the release of muscle contents into the bloodstream, has emerged as a notable complication associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and vaccination. Studies have reported an increased incidence of RML in individuals with severe COVID-19 infection. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear and are believed to involve the host's immune response to the virus. Furthermore, RML has been documented as a rare adverse event following COVID-19 vaccination, particularly with mRNA vaccines. Proposed mechanisms include immune responses triggered by the vaccine and T-cell activation against viral spike proteins. This study aims to review the current literature on the incidence, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes of RML secondary to COVID-19 infection and vaccination. We identify common risk factors and mechanisms underlying this condition by analyzing case reports, clinical studies, and pharmacovigilance data. Our findings suggest that while RML is a relatively rare adverse event, it warrants attention due to its potential severity and the widespread prevalence of COVID-19 and its vaccines. This review underscores the need for heightened clinical awareness and further research to optimize management strategies and improve patient outcomes in this context.}, }
@article {pmid39635583, year = {2024}, author = {Dong, S and Liu, X and Wang, Y}, title = {The impact of COVID-19 on women's reproductive system.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1485022}, pmid = {39635583}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a major global focus since 2019. However, drug development and vaccination have been unable to stop the rise in the number of COVID-19 infections. As a result, almost everyone has been infected with COVID-19. As the COVID-19 pandemic nears its end, it is important to explore whether contracting COVID-19 has any irreversible effects on the female reproductive system. This article aims to review the effects of COVID-19 on the female ovary and reproductive system and examine whether these effects are permanent. In conclusion, we can state that COVID-19 has not caused any long-lasting effects on the reproductive health of most women, with the exception of a few cases where premature ovarian failure has been observed. These temporary effects, such as menstrual disturbances and temporary fertility loss, tend to diminish and eventually disappear over time.}, }
@article {pmid39634034, year = {2024}, author = {Bergerot, C and Jacobsen, PB and Rosa, WE and Lam, WWT and Dunn, J and Fernández-González, L and Mehnert-Theuerkauf, A and Veeraiah, S and Li, M}, title = {Global unmet psychosocial needs in cancer care: health policy.}, journal = {EClinicalMedicine}, volume = {78}, number = {}, pages = {102942}, pmid = {39634034}, issn = {2589-5370}, support = {P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {UNLABELLED: Preventable psychosocial suffering is an unmet need in patients with cancer around the world, significantly compromising quality of life and impairing cancer health outcomes. This narrative review overviews the global prevalence of emotional distress and cancer-related needs and the access barriers to psychosocial care. The COVID-19 pandemic has served only to amplify the need for psychosocial care, exacerbating the inadequacy of available psychosocial resources, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Proposed solutions include implementing routine screening for emotional distress, addressing stigma related to mental health needs, and increased attention to the psychosocial dimensions of cancer care in oncology training and interprofessional models of care. There is an urgent need to address health policy issues such as resource allocation in cancer control plans and to embrace technological innovation in order to fill the universal gaps to providing more equitable psychosocial cancer care.<br><br>FUNDING: None.}, }
@article {pmid39634030, year = {2024}, author = {Li, ZY and Li, YQ and Zhou, JR and Wang, J and Liu, KZ and Wang, P and Gong, CM and Wang, H and Zhang, YJ and Cao, Y and Gu, Y and Zhang, HB and Lu, H and Lu, LF and Feng, RJ}, title = {Causes and countermeasures for the increased infection and COVID-19 mortality rates in patients with schizophrenia.}, journal = {IBRO neuroscience reports}, volume = {17}, number = {}, pages = {456-462}, pmid = {39634030}, issn = {2667-2421}, abstract = {Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common psychiatric disorder that has a complex pathological mechanism. During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, patients with SCZ had substantially higher rates of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, as well as higher COVID-19 mortality relative to patients with other mental disorders. However, the reasons for these increased rates in patients with SCZ remain unknown. In this review, we hypothesize that certain molecular pathways exhibit abnormal function in both COVID-19 and SCZ, with a focus on those related to energy metabolism dysregulation, immune system disruption, and abnormalities of the central nervous system. We review that dysregulation of energy metabolism can result in disruptions to the immune system and abnormalities within the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, immune system disturbances may also contribute to CNS abnormalities in both SCZ and COVID-19. We also discuss macro-factors associated with the high infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 in patients with SCZ, including sociodemographic factors, reduced access to psychiatric healthcare, structural barriers to COVID-19 vaccination, and proposed approaches to mitigate these macro-factors.}, }
@article {pmid39633891, year = {2023}, author = {Azizah, WN and Oscandar, F and Damayanti, MA}, title = {Systematic review: oral and maxillofacial radiology as fundamental methods of virtual autopsy.}, journal = {Forensic sciences research}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {185-197}, pmid = {39633891}, issn = {2471-1411}, abstract = {UNLABELLED: Refusal of autopsy occurs for various reasons, including religious beliefs and the risk of infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019. Dental autopsy involves invasive procedures, including incision and access openings in the oral cavity. Radiographic techniques can be used as an alternative to the conventional autopsy process in the field of forensic odontology, providing a non-invasive approach that does not involve tissue damage. The current study aimed to analyse the current status of the applicability of oral and maxillofacial radiology for virtual forensic odontological autopsy. A systematic review was conducted in accord with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol. The literature search was conducted from December 2021 to October 2022 using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SAGE Journals databases. Article selection was carried out by eliminating duplication, screening titles and abstracts, and reading the entire content of the article. A thematic analysis method was used to identify themes in the collected data. A total of 15 articles were included, and several uses of oral and maxillofacial radiography in virtual autopsy and forensic odontology were identified. Four techniques were identified that can be used for virtual autopsy in forensic odontology. The use of computed tomography (CT) scanning for virtual autopsy was reported in six articles, cone beam CT was reported in five articles, magnetic resonance imaging was reported in two articles, and multidetector CT was reported in two articles. In the studies included in this review, the identified oral and maxillofacial radiograph techniques that are used as the fundamental methods of virtual autopsy in forensic odontology are CT scanning (including multidetector CT), cone beam CT, and magnetic resonance imaging. The different methods of oral and maxillofacial radiography for virtual autopsy were identified as having advantages as well as limitations in their use in forensic odontology. Most of the included studies indicated that the virtual autopsy approach cannot yet stand alone as an identification method, but provides a useful adjunct for gathering dental evidence.<br><br>KEY POINTS: Virtual autopsy is a valuable tool for non-invasive autopsies in the field of forensic odontology.CT scans (including MDCT), CBCT, and MRI can be used for virtual autopsy in the identification of individuals based on dental evidence.The use of oral and maxillofacial radiographs can shorten the time required for forensic odontology activities.Artefacts caused by amalgam and other metal restorations on radiographic images can raise doubts in the identification process.Although the use of oral and maxillofacial radiology has many advantages, it cannot yet stand alone as an identification method.}, }
@article {pmid39633853, year = {2024}, author = {Untung, T and Pandey, R and Johansson, P}, title = {The cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination program among age-groups children, adults, and elderly in Europe: A systematic review.}, journal = {Vaccine: X}, volume = {21}, number = {}, pages = {100580}, pmid = {39633853}, issn = {2590-1362}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To prepare for future epidemics, the experiences from the vaccination programs in the COVID-19 pandemic need to be collated. This systematic review synthesizes health economic evidence of COVID-19 vaccination programs in European countries comparing the target groups children, adults, and elderly, to study whether the Swedish vaccination strategy was justified on cost-effectiveness grounds.<br><br>METHOD: A literature search using the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Control, Outcomes, Study design) convention was conducted in the databases Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Tuft CEA Registry, Cochrane and INAHTA in February 2023. The inclusion criteria were economic evaluations (S) comparing COVID-19 vaccination (I) in age-groups children, adult, and elderly European residents (P) with non-vaccinated European residents (C) in terms of cost per QALY, cost differences, and net monetary benefit (O). Hand-search was done on selected websites and in reference lists of included reports. Title/abstract screening, full-text screening, and quality assessment with the Swedish HTA agency checklist were performed by two researchers. The reporting follows the PRISMA 2020 recommendations.<br><br>RESULTS: The database search resulted in 5,720 reports, title/abstract screening yielded 162 reports and after full-text screening, four reports remained. Two studies comparing vaccination of adults and elderly with high and moderate study quality were included. No study was found on the children population. The economic evidence indicated that COVID-19 vaccination of the elderly is cost-effective when compared with vaccination of the adult group, but the transferability to Swedish circumstances was inconclusive due to differences in outcome and cost data between Sweden and the included studies' settings.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The common European COVID-19 vaccination policy that prioritized the elderly population was the cost-effective option in the reviewed studies. The lack of transferability to Sweden precludes a clear conclusion on the Swedish vaccination policy.}, }
@article {pmid39633779, year = {2024}, author = {Alwakeel, M and Abi Fadel, F and Nanah, A and Wang, Y and Awad, MKA and Abdeljaleel, F and Obeidat, M and Saleem, T and Afzal, S and Alayan, D and Harnegie, MP and Wang, X and Duggal, A and Zhang, P}, title = {Efficacy of COVID-19 Treatments in Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.}, journal = {Critical care research and practice}, volume = {2024}, number = {}, pages = {2973795}, pmid = {39633779}, issn = {2090-1305}, abstract = {Objectives: Examining the cumulative evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), evaluating the use of pharmacological agents for the treatment of COVID-19 infections in patients with critical illness. Data Sources: Databases Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were RCTs that enrolled patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection who are critically ill. Only RCTs that examined therapeutic agents against one another or no intervention, placebo, or standard of care, were included. Data Extraction: Pairs of reviewers extracted data independently. Outcomes of interest included the overall reported mortality defined as either the ICU mortality, hospital mortality, mortality within 28 days or mortality within 90 days. Data Synthesis: A total of 40 studies (11,613 patients) evaluated 50 therapeutic intervention arms divided into five main therapy categories; steroids, antiviral medications, immunomodulators, plasma therapies [intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), convalescent plasma and/or, therapeutic plasma exchange], and therapeutic anticoagulation. Immunomodulators was the only group with possible mortality benefit, risk ratio (RR) 0.83 (95% CI 0.73; 0.95), with nonsignificant heterogeneity (I [2] = 8%, p=0.36). In contrast, the other therapy groups showed no significant impact on mortality, as indicated by their respective pooled RRs: steroids [RR 0.91 (95% CI 0.82; 1.01), I [2] = 31%], antiviral medications [RR 1.11 (95% CI 0.82; 1.49), I [2] = 57%], plasma therapies [RR 0.77 (95% CI 0.58; 1.01), I [2] = 36%], and anticoagulation [RR 1.06 (95% CI 0.95; 1.18), I [2] = 0%]. Conclusions: This meta-analysis highlights both the heterogeneity and a lack of benefit from therapies evaluated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of the RCTs were developed based on limited observational data. Future RCTs investigating pharmaceutical interventions in critically ill patients during pandemics need to be designed based on better evidence.}, }
@article {pmid39633468, year = {2024}, author = {Singaram, VS and Pillay, R and Mbobnda Kapche, EL}, title = {Exploring the role of digital technology for feedback exchange in clinical training: a scoping review.}, journal = {Systematic reviews}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {298}, pmid = {39633468}, issn = {2046-4053}, mesh = {Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; *Digital Technology ; *Education, Distance/methods ; *Education, Medical/methods ; *Formative Feedback ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Feedback plays an integral role in clinical training and can profoundly impact students' motivation and academic progression. The shift to online teaching, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighted the necessity of transitioning traditional feedback mechanisms to digital platforms. Despite this, there is still a lack of clarity regarding effective strategies and tools for delivering digital feedback in clinical education. This scoping review aimed to assess the current utilization of digital feedback methods in clinical education, with a focus on identifying potential directions for future research and innovation.<br><br>METHODS: A database search using a published protocol based on the Joanna Briggs Institute framework was conducted between January 2010 and December 2023. Six databases were searched, PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, Scopus, Google Scholar, Union Catalogue of Theses and Dissertations, and WorldCat Dissertations and Theses. Reviewers independently screened the papers against eligibility criteria and discussed the papers to attain consensus. Extracted data were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 2412 records identified, 33 reports met the inclusion criteria. Digital tools explored for feedback included web-based and social sites, smart device applications, virtual learning environments, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence. Convenience and immediate, personalized feedback and enhanced formative assessment outcomes were major facilitators of digital feedback utility. Technical constraints, limited content development, training, and data security issues hindered the adoption of these tools. Reports mostly comprised empirical research, published in the global North and conducted on undergraduates studying medicine.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review highlighted a geographical imbalance in research on feedback exchange via digital tools for clinical training and stressed the need for increased studies in the global South. Furthermore, there is a call for broader exploration across other health professions and postgraduate education. Additionally, student perceptions of digital tools as intrusive necessitate a balanced integration with traditional feedback dialogues. The incorporation of virtual reality and artificial intelligence presents promising opportunities for personalized, real-time feedback, but requires vigilant governance to ensure data integrity and privacy. SCOPING REVIEW PROTOCOL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-02151-8.}, }
@article {pmid39633399, year = {2024}, author = {Omari, SA and McCall, SJ and Hneiny, L and Sibai, AM}, title = {Health and well-being of older populations affected by humanitarian crises in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of peer-reviewed literature.}, journal = {Conflict and health}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {73}, pmid = {39633399}, issn = {1752-1505}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The convergence of global demographic changes and rising humanitarian crises in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has raised the number of affected older people (OP). These individuals face the challenges of aging and the adverse conditions of disasters, particularly pronounced in LMICs. This review aims to explore literature on the health and well-being of older populations during humanitarian crises in LMICs.<br><br>METHODS: This scoping review included primary studies on the health and well-being of older populations in humanitarian crises in LMIC. A search was conducted in five bibliographic databases last updated in 2023. A numerical summary and thematic analysis of study characteristics and themes were executed and findings were narratively synthesized.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 84 eligible studies were included. The majority of studies were quantitative (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;56), followed by qualitative (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;22) and mixed-methods (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;6). Most literature focuses on the high burden of mental health conditions and their determinants, such as depression, anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The second most common theme is physical health, discussing high levels of mortality, disability, some non-communicable diseases, and limited evidence on the poor nutritional status. OP lack access to routine healthcare due to cost barriers. The key gaps in the literature are in mental and psychosocial health, especially pertaining to vulnerabilities and risk factors, and to contextualized interventions. Physical health research is relatively narrow lacking a wider range of chronic diseases while no research was performed on communicable diseases other than COVID-19.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Findings show the complex vulnerabilities of OP in humanitarian crises which exacerbate their physical, mental, and psychosocial health outcomes. There is a need to strengthen evidence on the effectiveness of interventions, and to investigate determinants of health, especially mental and psychosocial health, across different contexts. Research should also explore cross-cutting issues like gender, access to livelihoods, and equitable access to humanitarian assistance.}, }
@article {pmid39632771, year = {2024}, author = {Elhakim, M and Ghazy, RM and Samhouri, D}, title = {How the IHR (2005) Shaped the COVID-19 Pandemic Response in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: What Went Well and What Did Not.}, journal = {Health security}, volume = {22}, number = {6}, pages = {437-444}, doi = {10.1089/hs.2024.0011}, pmid = {39632771}, issn = {2326-5108}, support = {001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; }, mesh = {Humans ; Communicable Disease Control/organization &amp; administration/methods/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; *Global Health ; *International Cooperation/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; *International Health Regulations ; Mediterranean Region/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Public Health ; World Health Organization ; }, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) in addressing global health emergencies. This review aims to improve healthcare system capabilities, future preparedness, and actions in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, particularly in low-resource areas. The IHR, established in 1969, initially focused on 6 diseases but has since expanded to include a wider range of public health threats. These regulations establish a globally recognized legal framework that is applicable to all 196 states parties, including all 194 World Health Organization member states. The IHR prioritize the prevention, protection, and control of global disease transmission while minimizing unwarranted disruptions to international travel and commerce. Nonetheless, the response to COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region revealed a range of deficiencies despite the regulatory strengths. Some countries encountered challenges in fully complying with their IHR obligations, particularly in terms of preparedness, and occasional geopolitical tensions obstructed international collaboration. The pandemic experience underscores the need for improved trust, resource allocation, and regulatory revisions to address upcoming global health challenges. This case study highlights positive aspects of the pandemic response, including the swift exchange of information and global cooperation, while also recognizing shortcomings, such as delays in reporting and unequal vaccine access. In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the urgency of subsequent updates to the IHR or comparable accords, such as the IHR amendments and the pandemic treaty, to rectify these deficiencies. Updates should place a greater emphasis on transparency, cultivating trust, enhancing preparedness, and establishing mechanisms that incentivize comprehensive compliance among all participating nations.}, }
@article {pmid39632644, year = {2024}, author = {Bhattacharyya, A and Shahabuddin, SM}, title = {Adult vaccination in India: A rapid review of current status &amp; implementation challenges.}, journal = {The Indian journal of medical research}, volume = {160}, number = {3&amp;4}, pages = {279-292}, pmid = {39632644}, issn = {0971-5916}, mesh = {Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Adult ; *Vaccination ; *Immunization Programs ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology ; Female ; Pregnancy ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {Background &amp; objectives The expanded programme on immunization launched in India in 1978, with its focus on preventing six diseases in children (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, poliomyelitis, typhoid, and childhood tuberculosis), was widened in its scope in 1985-86. This new avtaar, the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), incorporated measles vaccine for children and rubella and adult diphtheria vaccines for pregnant women. We conducted this rapid review on adult immunization relevant for India, as recent COVID-19 experience revealed how newly emergent or re-emergent pathogens could have their onslaughts on the elderly and adults with comorbidities. Methods Three different bibliographic databases, namely PubMed, Scopus and Ovid were searched electronically to access the articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Relevant consensus guidelines by in-country professional groups were also collated. We conducted deduplication and screening of the outputs of these searches (1242 bibliographical records). Finally, 250 articles were found eligible for inclusion. As trials on the reduction of morbidities, mortalities and hospitalizations in adults due to proposed vaccines under Indian consensus guidelines were not available, no meta-analysis was conducted. Results Evidence from articles finally included in this synthesis were grouped under (i) preventing viral and bacterial infections in adults; (ii) adult vaccination and awareness tools; (iii) vaccine hesitancy/acceptance; and (iv) adult vaccination guidelines. In-country research revealed the need for introducing the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine in adolescence or early-adulthood to prevent ano-genital cancers in elderly and later life. Importantly HPV prevalence among cervical cancer patients varied between 88 to 98 per cent in Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Delhi. The importance of conducting regular surveillance of pneumococcal diseases and influenza, as well as tweaking the vaccines accordingly, was revealed in other articles. A poor uptake of influenza vaccine (≤2%) in adults (≥45 yr) was documented. The uptake of hepatitis B vaccine in Health Care Workers (HCWs) in Delhi and Mumbai was of concern and ranged from 55 to 64 per cent. The vulnerability of HCWs to rubella was investigated in a paediatric ophthalmic hospital in Madurai: a tenth of the selected HCWs were rubella seronegative and mounted good protective immunity following RA 27/3 vaccine administration. An outbreak of measles in college students in Pune emphasized the phenomenon of waning immunity. Similarly, a study in the infectious disease hospital in Kolkata and in-patients in Delhi revealed a lack of protective immunity against diphtheria and tetanus in adults. The researchers estimated the economic benefits of providing a typhoid vaccine to a household to be US$ 23 in a middle-income neighbourhood and US$ 14 in slum settings. The authors highlighted the importance of preventive strategies, finding that the cost of severe typhoid fever was US$ 119.1 in 18 centres across India. Both qualitative and quantitative investigations explored vaccine hesitancy, which was studied more during the COVID-19 pandemic than earlier. Interpretation &amp; conclusions Vaccination programmes in India would require (i) increasing awareness around vaccine-preventable diseases among adults and HCWs; (ii) actively engaging health care systems and community-based organizations; and (iii) developing and producing affordable, safe, and country-appropriate vaccines. Effective communication strategies and tools will be the key to the success of such interventions.}, }
@article {pmid39632249, year = {2024}, author = {Pranata, GKAW and Koa, AJAF and Chang, YJ}, title = {Effectiveness of Mindfulness on Student Anxiety and Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.}, journal = {Nursing &amp; health sciences}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {e70003}, doi = {10.1111/nhs.70003}, pmid = {39632249}, issn = {1442-2018}, mesh = {Humans ; *Anxiety/psychology/therapy ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control/psychology/rehabilitation ; *Depression/psychology/therapy ; *Mindfulness/methods ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; Students/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {Anxiety and depression are the most common psychological issues experienced by students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mindfulness has been suggested as a potential solution to these issues; however, limited studies have evaluated its effectiveness. This study aimed to synthesize experimental studies that measure the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing student anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive systematic search across 11 databases was conducted from inception to September 9, 2024. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. A random-effects model with a standardized mean difference (SMD) was employed to determine the effect sizes. Thirty-one experimental studies reported on anxiety, and 24 reported on depression. The overall effect size was moderately significant for reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.71, 95% CI = -1.02 to -0.39, p < 0.0001) and depression (SMD = -0.53, 95% CI = -0.81 to -0.25, p = 0.0002). These findings can inform policies regarding the application of mindfulness for students facing psychological challenges due to educational-related crises. Further high-quality studies are essential to determine the true impact of mindfulness.}, }
@article {pmid39631640, year = {2025}, author = {Goetzl, EJ}, title = {Creating New Proteins for Medical Therapeutics.}, journal = {The American journal of medicine}, volume = {138}, number = {4}, pages = {604-607}, doi = {10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.11.023}, pmid = {39631640}, issn = {1555-7162}, mesh = {Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; *Protein Engineering/methods ; *Proteins/therapeutic use ; }, abstract = {Recent applications of artificial intelligence-derived methods of computational design have permitted de novo creation of proteins that do not exist in nature but have potent effects on human cells and organ systems. These rapid procedures also allow in 1 step protein modifications that optimize function, potency, stability, resistance to biodegradation, cellular and tissue distribution and biological half-time. Such proteins generated to date include cytokines, antibodies, inhibitors of cell death proteins and antagonists of extracellular receptors for growth factors and viruses. Newly designed proteins have broad medical diagnostic and therapeutic potentials, as well as the capacity to alter many normal activities of human cells.}, }
@article {pmid39631533, year = {2025}, author = {AmeliMojarad, M and AmeliMojarad, M and Cui, X}, title = {An overview on the impact of viral pathogens on Alzheimer's disease.}, journal = {Ageing research reviews}, volume = {104}, number = {}, pages = {102615}, doi = {10.1016/j.arr.2024.102615}, pmid = {39631533}, issn = {1872-9649}, mesh = {Humans ; *Alzheimer Disease/virology/metabolism/pathology ; Blood-Brain Barrier/virology/metabolism ; *COVID-19/virology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Animals ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Brain/virology/metabolism/pathology ; tau Proteins/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia which affects over than 60 million cases worldwide with higher incidence in low and middle-income countries by 2030. Based on the multifactorial nature of AD different risk factors are linked to the condition considering the brain's β-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) as its primary hallmarks. Lately, viral photogenes specially after recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has gained a lot of attention in promoting the neurodegenerative disorder such as AD based on their capacity to increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, dysregulation of immune responses, and the impact on Aβ processing and phosphorylation of tau proteins. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the important association of viral pathogens and their mechanism by which they contribute with AD formation and development. AN OVERVIEW OF THE ROLES OF VIRAL PATHOGENS IN AD: According to this figure, viruses can infect neurons directly by modulating the BBB, transferring from endothelial cells to glial cells and then to neurons, increasing the Aβ deposition, and affecting the tau protein phosphorylation or indirectly through the virus's entrance and pathogenicity that can be accelerated by genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as chronic neuroinflammation caused by activated microglia and astrocytes.}, }
@article {pmid39631096, year = {2025}, author = {McBride, C and Ho, JC and McQuade, M and Ngan, VSH and Ng, MCY and Cheah, ZRE and Maurer, U}, title = {Online assessment in young children: Challenges and considerations.}, journal = {PsyCh journal}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {5-14}, pmid = {39631096}, issn = {2046-0260}, support = {T44-410/21-N//Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Research Grants Council/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Child ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Internet ; Child, Preschool ; *Literacy ; *Educational Measurement/methods ; Mathematics ; Philippines ; Hong Kong ; }, abstract = {In the years following the COVID-19 pandemic, online assessment has emerged as an increasingly popular method for testing children. This review aims to review key advantages and disadvantages of online assessment in young children, specifically in the area of literacy and mathematics assessment. We first consider the recent history of online assessment and give evidence from our own experiences with online assessments in both Cebu, Philippines and Hong Kong. We then discuss the benefits of conducting assessments online. One of the key strengths of online assessments is the efficient use of resources, such as ease of staff training, increased participation and decreased costs for both participants and researchers. Difficulties related to testing environment, parental interference and exclusion of certain populations are also highlighted as focal challenges that must be considered when designing and implementing online assessment. The reliability and validity of online assessments are then specifically discussed in relation to the question of how to best ensure that online measures function as intended, stressing the importance of establishing separate norms for the various administration modes. Notably, online assessments delivered via phone screen must have separate norms than those delivered on a computer screen, as device differences may account for differences in performance. Finally, we present broader considerations for designing online assessments with young children. This includes practical tips for pilot testing, user interface design, data confidentiality and automatic scoring, both to enhance the efficiency of future online assessments and increase participation. Specifically, online assessments for children must account for their developing attentional abilities, meaning assessments should be brief, engaging and contain clear task instructions. The implementation of these considerations will support the development of more reliable, valid and inclusive assessments which will allow researchers and practitioners to support equitable and feasible online testing moving forward.}, }
@article {pmid39630849, year = {2025}, author = {Casadevall, A and Focosi, D}, title = {Lessons from the Use of Monoclonal Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Annual review of medicine}, volume = {76}, number = {1}, pages = {1-12}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-med-061323-073837}, pmid = {39630849}, issn = {1545-326X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/epidemiology/therapy ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use/immunology ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein were deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic. While all of the clinically authorized mAbs were eventually defeated by SARS-CoV-2 variants, they were highly effective in preventing disease progression when given early in the course of the disease. The experience with mAbs to SARS-CoV-2 offers important lessons for the use of mAbs in future infectious disease emergencies, such as choosing mAbs that target conserved epitopes and designing cocktails to reduce the emergence of escape variants. Planning for future use must include the creation of infusion centers and the development of strategies to minimize the emergence of escape variants.}, }
@article {pmid39630559, year = {2024}, author = {Johnson-Arbor, KK}, title = {Frostbite on Denali: a case series and review of treatment options.}, journal = {Journal of wound care}, volume = {33}, number = {12}, pages = {906-911}, doi = {10.12968/jowc.2022.0087}, pmid = {39630559}, issn = {0969-0700}, mesh = {Humans ; *Frostbite/therapy ; Male ; *Mountaineering/injuries ; Middle Aged ; *Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; COVID-19/complications/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Finger Injuries/therapy ; }, abstract = {Frostbite, defined as tissue freezing due to cold weather exposure, is a major risk associated with mountaineering in cold climates. It represents a significant source of morbidity in the climbing population. In 2021, three individuals were evaluated at a single institution after developing frostbite while climbing Denali, Alaska, US. The affected patients were healthy men in the third to sixth decade of their lives, and all experienced frostbite injuries involving the fingers. Among the patients, one individual was unable to descend from the mountain due to the severity of his condition and required medical evacuation. The other men were able to descend without significant difficulty. After leaving the mountain, the patients were treated with thrombolysis, pentoxifylline, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and/or regional sympathetic blockade. Exposure to cold weather, ascent to high altitudes, and increased mechanisms of heat loss were likely potential risk factors for frostbite injury in these patients. Psychological factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic may have also impacted these individuals' risk for frostbite injury. Prevention is the most effective way to avoid frostbite, and knowledge and understanding of the risks associated with the development of this condition may reduce future occurrences among mountaineers. Since frostbite is not a common diagnosis encountered in patients treated in outpatient wound centres, physicians should maintain awareness of the pathophysiology and treatment options for this condition.}, }
@article {pmid39630142, year = {2024}, author = {Bertini, P and Marabotti, A and Sangalli, F and Paternoster, G}, title = {Survival difference in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in COVID-19 vs. non-COVID ARDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Minerva anestesiologica}, volume = {90}, number = {12}, pages = {1139-1150}, doi = {10.23736/S0375-9393.24.18219-3}, pmid = {39630142}, issn = {1827-1596}, mesh = {Humans ; *Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/mortality ; *COVID-19/mortality/therapy/complications ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy/mortality ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the need for effective management of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) using veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). This meta-analysis aims to compare the effectiveness and outcomes of ECMO in patients with COVID-19 ARDS versus those with non-COVID ARDS, assessing its role in different respiratory virus infections.<br><br>EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and other relevant databases up to June 30, 2023, to identify studies comparing ECMO use in COVID-19 and non-COVID ARDS cases. This analysis adheres to PRISMA guidelines, with studies rigorously selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed for bias using validated tools.<br><br>EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The meta-analysis included 24 studies with 2,121 patients, revealing that non-COVID ARDS patients treated with ECMO had a lower mortality risk compared to those with COVID-19 ARDS. Specifically, the overall pooled risk difference in survival was -0.11 (95% CI: -0.17 to -0.05, P<0.001), indicating a statistically significant advantage for non-COVID patients. The standardized mean difference for ECMO duration was significantly longer in COVID-19 patients (SMD=0.70, 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.08, P<0.001), reflecting more prolonged treatment needs.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: ECMO serves as a vital intervention in severe ARDS, with differential effectiveness observed between COVID-19 and non-COVID patients. The study's findings underline the need for precise patient selection and tailored ECMO application across different viral etiologies. These insights are crucial for enhancing clinical strategies and resource allocation during ongoing and future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid39630134, year = {2024}, author = {Wu, SN and Xiao, T and Chen, H and Li, XH}, title = {Decoding the genome of SARS-CoV-2: a pathway to drug development through translation inhibition.}, journal = {RNA biology}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {1-18}, pmid = {39630134}, issn = {1555-8584}, mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/virology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment/methods ; Drug Development ; *Genome, Viral ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects/genetics ; *RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/genetics ; Virus Replication/drug effects/genetics ; }, abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and is continuously spreading globally. The continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants keeps posing threats, highlighting the need for fast-acting, mutation-resistant broad-spectrum therapeutics. Protein translation is vital for SARS-CoV-2 replication, producing early non-structural proteins for RNA replication and transcription, and late structural proteins for virion assembly. Targeted blocking of viral protein translation is thus a potential approach to developing effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. SARS-CoV-2, as an obligate parasite, utilizes the host's translation machinery. Translation-blocking strategies that target the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA, especially those that target its conserved elements are generally preferred. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 translation, highlighting the important conserved motifs and structures involved in its regulation. We also discuss the current strategies for blocking SARS-CoV-2 translation through viral RNA degradation or RNA element dysfunction.}, }
@article {pmid39629896, year = {2025}, author = {Quiroga, CV and Caobelli, ACSL and Rodrigues, GVA and Viola, TW}, title = {Nonpharmacological Interventions Aimed at Promoting the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Child: care, health and development}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {e70013}, doi = {10.1111/cch.70013}, pmid = {39629896}, issn = {1365-2214}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/psychology ; Adolescent ; Child ; *Mental Health ; *Health Promotion/methods ; Mental Disorders/therapy/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Interventions to promote mental health in paediatrics need to be effective, especially in crisis contexts. This systematic review proposes to compile and analyse the findings of nonpharmacological interventions conducted in samples of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on mental health.<br><br>METHODS: The research was carried out in PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science databases for empirical studies, including interventions in which measures of outcome variables were collected at least twice (pre and post). The studies' samples were children and adolescents up to 19&#x2009;years old, and interventions were developed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. After eligibility analyses, 16 studies were included in this review.<br><br>RESULTS: Studies used different theoretical approaches, focusing on the promotion, prevention and treatment of mental health in specific contexts. Some were delivered online, in-person or in hybrid formats. Particularly, depression, the most frequently assessed outcome, demonstrated more favourable results within the interventions than other evaluated outcomes. However, due to the considerable risk of bias, the qualitative analysis of the results of many included studies should be performed with caution.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Most of the interventions necessitate further validation, highlighting the ongoing need for research in this area. However, the emergence of interventions during crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, provides an opportunity to expand evidence-based mental health practices, paving the way for their application in other crisis situations. Given that mental health prevention and promotion practices can be integrated into the roles of all healthcare providers, possessing insight into the most suitable evidence-based interventions can elevate the quality of care delivered.}, }
@article {pmid39628552, year = {2024}, author = {Dehghan, M and Mirzohreh, ST and Kaviani, R and Yousefi, S and Pourmehran, Y}, title = {A deeper look at long-term effects of COVID-19 on myocardial function in survivors with no prior heart diseases: a GRADE approach systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1458389}, pmid = {39628552}, issn = {2297-055X}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged global health systems since December 2019, with the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 causing multi-systemic disease, including heart complications. While acute cardiac effects are well-known, long-term implications are understudied. This review hopes to fill a gap in the literature and provide valuable insights into the long-term cardiac consequences of the virus, which can inform future public health policies and clinical practices.<br><br>METHODS: This systematic review was prepared using PRISMA reporting guidelines. The databases searched were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Risk of Bias was assessed using ROBINS-I. The GRADE approach was employed to evaluate the level of certainty in the evidence for each outcome. A meta-analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. In order to identify the underlying cause of high heterogeneity, a subgroup analysis was conducted. Sensitivity analysis was checked.<br><br>RESULTS: Sixty-six studies were included in this review. Thirty-two of them enrolled in meta-analysis and the rest in qualitative synthesis. Most outcomes showed a moderate certainty of evidence according to the GRADE framework. Post-COVID individuals with no prior heart diseases showed significant changes in left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) echocardiographic indices compared to controls. These significant findings were seen in both post-acute and long-COVID survivors regardless of the severity of initial infection.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This review implies that individuals recovering from post-acute and long-term effects of COVID-19 may experience changes in myocardial function as a result of the novel coronavirus. These changes, along with cardiac symptoms, have been observed in patients without prior heart diseases or comorbidities.<br><br>PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42024481337).}, }
@article {pmid39628270, year = {2025}, author = {Duong-Quy, S and Nguyen Hai, C and Huynh-Anh, T and Nguyen-Nhu, V}, title = {Tackling pulmonary fibrosis risks in post-COVID-19: cutting-edge treatments.}, journal = {Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy}, volume = {26}, number = {1}, pages = {75-84}, doi = {10.1080/14656566.2024.2438322}, pmid = {39628270}, issn = {1744-7666}, mesh = {Humans ; *Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology/drug therapy ; *COVID-19/complications ; Antifibrotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) post-COVID-19 has been identified as an important complication of Long-COVID, especially in patients with severe respiratory symptoms. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the main tool for detecting fibrotic lesions in patients with PF post-COVID-19.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: We conducted a systematic review with the following objectives: (1) to summarize the incidence and disease burden of post&#x2011;COVID&#x2011;19 pulmonary fibrosis, (2) to provide information on available therapies and drugs for its management, (3) to comprehensively evaluate the initial treatment efficacy of these drugs, and (4) to identify the limitations and challenges associated with current treatment approaches.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: Cutting-edge treatments for PF post-COVID-19 are focused on the complex and multifactorial nature of the disease progreession during Long COVID, which involves chronic inflammation, fibroblast activation, and excessive extracellular matrix deposition leading to stiffening and fibrosis of lung tissue. While traditional antifibrotic drugs with nintedanid and pirfenidone are being used, novel therapies with anti-interleukines, mesenchymal stem cells, and Rho-kinase inhibitors promise the new treatment approaches for patients with PF post-COVID-19. Further research and clinical trials are needed to determine the most effective strategies for managing this complex condition, with the goal of improving patient outcomes and quality of life.}, }
@article {pmid39627231, year = {2024}, author = {Kostandova, N and Schluth, C and Arambepola, R and Atuhaire, F and Bérubé, S and Chin, T and Cleary, E and Cortes-Azuero, O and García-Carreras, B and Grantz, KH and Hitchings, MDT and Huang, AT and Kishore, N and Lai, S and Larsen, SL and Loisate, S and Martinez, P and Meredith, HR and Purbey, R and Ramiadantsoa, T and Read, J and Rice, BL and Rosman, L and Ruktanonchai, N and Salje, H and Schaber, KL and Tatem, AJ and Wang, J and Cummings, DAT and Wesolowski, A}, title = {A systematic review of using population-level human mobility data to understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission.}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {10504}, pmid = {39627231}, issn = {2041-1723}, support = {1015823.03//Burroughs Wellcome Fund (BWF)/ ; T32 AI165369/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; 1T32AI165369-01A1//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; 1R01AI160780-01//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; DP2 LM013102/LM/NLM NIH HHS/United States ; DP2LM013102//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; 1R01AI160780-01//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; R01 AI160780/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; }, mesh = {*COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology/virology ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/prevention &amp; control ; China/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Cell Phone ; Travel/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Basic Reproduction Number/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 into a highly susceptible global population was primarily driven by human mobility-induced introduction events. Especially in the early stages, understanding mobility was vital to mitigating the pandemic prior to widespread vaccine availability. We conducted a systematic review of studies published from January 1, 2020, to May 9, 2021, that used population-level human mobility data to understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Of the 5505 papers with abstracts screened, 232 were included in the analysis. These papers focused on a range of specific questions but were dominated by analyses focusing on the USA and China. The majority included mobile phone data, followed by Google Community Mobility Reports, and few included any adjustments to account for potential biases in population sampling processes. There was no clear relationship between methods used to integrate mobility and SARS-CoV-2 data and goals of analysis. When considering papers focused only on the estimation of the effective reproductive number within the US, there was no clear relationship identified between this measure and changes in mobility patterns. Our findings underscore the need for standardized, systematic ways to identify the source of mobility data, select an appropriate approach to using it in analysis, and reporting.}, }
@article {pmid39625700, year = {2024}, author = {Blondeau, JM}, title = {Long COVID: a consequence of chronic post-infectious inflammation!.}, journal = {Expert review of respiratory medicine}, volume = {18}, number = {12}, pages = {939-945}, doi = {10.1080/17476348.2024.2438104}, pmid = {39625700}, issn = {1747-6356}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications ; *Inflammation/immunology/virology ; Chronic Disease ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Long COVID defines persistence of symptoms in patients that recovered from acute COVID-19 infections. This manuscript is a brief update on current thinking on long COVID and potential causes and consequences.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: The extent of long COVID varies between patients with some 200 symptoms described and of different severities. Persistent inflammatory or persistent viral infections or both may be the cause of long COVID but sorting this out will take years.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: Long COVID is an unfortunate consequence of COVID-19 infection and it remains uncertain why some people are afflicted and others not and as with other infectious diseases, it may be both a function of the virus strain, the host or both. Direct organ damage during acute infection versus inflammatory mediated damage over time are important questions to address. The disease outcome and chronic sequelae are likely related to the strains of infectious agent and/or host immunity and genetic predisposition.}, }
@article {pmid39625646, year = {2024}, author = {Goel, AR and Yalcindag, A}, title = {An Update on Kawasaki Disease.}, journal = {Current rheumatology reports}, volume = {27}, number = {1}, pages = {4}, pmid = {39625646}, issn = {1534-6307}, mesh = {*Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy/drug therapy ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: To summarize advances in research on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Kawasaki Disease (KD), a systemic inflammatory illness of unknown etiology that affects children globally.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: The epidemiology of KD was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and advances in molecular immunology and machine learning have enabled research into its pathogenesis. There is ongoing research into agents that can be used to intensify initial treatment and accumulating evidence supporting the use of certain rescue regimens for refractory disease over others. There is promise surrounding a new coronary artery aneurysm prediction model. Research into the post-acute morbidity of KD continues. The COVID-19 pandemic temporarily reduced the incidence of KD. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in KD pathogenesis. Intensified initial treatment benefits high-risk patients, yet no intensification regimen shows superiority over another. Corticosteroids, infliximab, or combination therapy with IVIg plus another agent may be superior rescue regimens compared to IVIg alone for refractory KD. The Son score, developed in North America, predicted coronary artery lesions in Japanese and Italian cohorts. Patients with a history of KD may carry long-term physical and emotional burdens that persist into adulthood yet appear to have typical neurocognitive development. Successful transition to adult healthcare presents a challenge.}, }
@article {pmid39625583, year = {2025}, author = {Arndt, D and Hering, T}, title = {[Workload and mental health of nursing staff in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic-a scoping review].}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {68}, number = {2}, pages = {130-140}, pmid = {39625583}, issn = {1437-1588}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/nursing/psychology ; Germany/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Workload/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Burnout, Professional/epidemiology/psychology ; *Mental Health/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Pandemics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In March 2023, there was no comprehensive overview of job demands, resources, and mental health consequences for nurses in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of country-specific differences with regard to the course/management of the pandemic and the organization of the healthcare system, data from Germany were analyzed specifically.<br><br>METHODS: A&#xa0;systematic search in databases (PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO) yielded 50 relevant studies that were included in the scoping review.<br><br>RESULTS: The studies were based on cross-sectional designs, mostly from the hospital setting and the first year of the pandemic. Frequently investigated job demands were work intensification, lack of protective equipment, rapidly changing regulations, contact with COVID-19&#xa0;patients, and pandemic-related worries/anxieties. Pandemic phase and setting-specific demand cascades became clear. Frequently examined mental health problems (including stress experience, anxiety, depression, burnout, and intention to change career/job) were higher in groups with higher levels of reported job demands. Nurses generally reported less favorable values than medical professionals. Social support, reward/appreciation, humor, resilience, and sense of coherence proved to be resources.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In preparation for further pandemics and crises, pre-pandemic job demands should be reduced through targeted measures and relevant resources should be strengthened. Pandemic-specific job demands should be systematically reflected and cross-organizational solutions developed. Longitudinal studies using validated instruments and intervention studies should be the focus of future research funding.}, }
@article {pmid39625159, year = {2025}, author = {Rathnayake, D and Clarke, M and Jayasinghe, V}, title = {Global strategies to reduce elective surgery waiting times for sustainable health outcomes: a systematic review.}, journal = {Hospital practice (1995)}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {2435802}, doi = {10.1080/21548331.2024.2435802}, pmid = {39625159}, issn = {2154-8331}, mesh = {Humans ; *Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Waiting Lists ; Quality Improvement/organization &amp; administration ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Referral and Consultation/organization &amp; administration ; Appointments and Schedules ; Time Factors ; Global Health ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Long waiting times for elective surgery reflect not just backlog issues but systemic inefficiencies that disrupt the smooth flow of patients through the surgical care pathway. This systematic review adopts a holistic approach to summarize global policies, strategies, and interventions aimed at reducing elective surgery wait times.<br><br>METHOD: A comprehensive electronic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from December 2019 to January 2020 and updated in April 2022. Eligible studies, published after 2013, focused on waiting lists for major elective surgeries in adults, excluding cancer-related surgeries. Both randomized and non-randomized studies and systematic reviews were included. Study quality was assessed using ROBINS-I, AMSTAR 2, and CASP tools, as appropriate. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019158455) and reported using a PRISMA flow diagram.<br><br>RESULTS: From 7543 records, 92 articles met the inclusion criteria. Evidence was categorized into seven strategic areas: referral management, patient prioritization, preventing scheduled surgery cancellations, perioperative time management, quality improvement methods for surgical care pathways, and waiting time targets for hospitals. Strategies such as referral management, patient prioritization, and preventing cancellations had the most significant impact on reducing waiting times, while perioperative time management and waiting time targets proved less effective.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The review highlights that targeted interventions at different stages of the surgical care pathway yield variable impacts on overall waiting times. While individual measures had limited effects, combining multiple short-term strategies may be more beneficial, particularly for health systems recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39624726, year = {2024}, author = {Tian, T and Zhang, X and Zhang, F and Huang, X and Li, M and Quan, Z and Wang, W and Lei, J and Wang, Y and Liu, Y and Wang, JH}, title = {Harnessing AI for advancing pathogenic microbiology: a bibliometric and topic modeling approach.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1510139}, pmid = {39624726}, issn = {1664-302X}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in pathogenic microbiology has accelerated research and innovation. This study aims to explore the evolution and trends of AI applications in this domain, providing insights into how AI is transforming research and practice in pathogenic microbiology.<br><br>METHODS: We employed bibliometric analysis and topic modeling to examine 27,420 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection, covering the period from 2010 to 2024. These methods enabled us to identify key trends, research areas, and the geographical distribution of research efforts.<br><br>RESULTS: Since 2016, there has been an exponential increase in AI-related publications, with significant contributions from China and the USA. Our analysis identified eight major AI application areas: pathogen detection, antibiotic resistance prediction, transmission modeling, genomic analysis, therapeutic optimization, ecological profiling, vaccine development, and data management systems. Notably, we found significant lexical overlaps between these areas, especially between drug resistance and vaccine development, suggesting an interconnected research landscape.<br><br>DISCUSSION: AI is increasingly moving from laboratory research to clinical applications, enhancing hospital operations and public health strategies. It plays a vital role in optimizing pathogen detection, improving diagnostic speed, treatment efficacy, and disease control, particularly through advancements in rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing and COVID-19 vaccine development. This study highlights the current status, progress, and challenges of AI in pathogenic microbiology, guiding future research directions, resource allocation, and policy-making.}, }
@article {pmid39624316, year = {2024}, author = {Moulaeian, M and Ferdousmakan, S and Banihashemi, S and Homayounfar, S and Pasupulla, AP and Malekzadegan, Y}, title = {Reactive oxygen species induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce EMT in solid tumors: Potential role of COVID-19 in chemo-resistance and metastasis.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {10}, number = {22}, pages = {e40297}, pmid = {39624316}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised discussion over the connection between viral infections and the biology of cancer. Research has investigated the relationship between signaling pathways stimulated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that may be involved in the progression of cancer, resistance to chemotherapy, and metastasis. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cancer progression, chemo-resistance, metastasis, and recurrence have not been fully understood. Recently, studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 might induce inflammatory responses and cytokine storm, which can affect cellular signaling pathways associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We address the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in treatment resistance, metastatic recurrence, and the activation of EMT in solid tumors in this review. We emphasize the disturbance of mitochondria dysfunction, the overproduction of ROS in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, and its consequences for the beginning of EMT. We also suggested possible processes associated with ROS influence on EMT, inflammatory signaling pathways, and viral interaction with mitochondria. Gaining knowledge about ROS's function in SARS CoV-2 condition, promoting EMT will help to develop effective strategies during therapy treatments by lowering drug resistance and metastatic recurrence in cancer patient.}, }
@article {pmid39624267, year = {2024}, author = {Zhao, Y and Wei, Y and Ye, C and Cao, J and Zhou, X and Xie, M and Qing, J and Chen, Z}, title = {Application of recombinase polymerase amplification with lateral flow assay to pathogen point-of-care diagnosis.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {14}, number = {}, pages = {1475922}, pmid = {39624267}, issn = {2235-2988}, mesh = {Humans ; *Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; *Recombinases/metabolism ; *Point-of-Care Testing ; *Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; }, abstract = {Since the outbreak of the new coronavirus, point-of-care diagnostics based on nucleic acid testing have become a requirement for the development of pathogen diagnostics, which require the ability to accurately, rapidly, and conveniently detect pathogens. Conventional nucleic acid amplification techniques no longer meet the requirements for pathogen detection in low-resource, low-skill environments because they require specialist equipment, complex operations, and long detection times. Therefore, recombinant polymerase amplification (RPA) is becoming an increasingly important method in today's nucleic acid detection technology because it can amplify nucleic acids in 20-30 minutes at a constant temperature, greatly reducing the dependence on specialist equipment and technicians. RPA products are primarily detected through methods such as real-time fluorescence, gel electrophoresis, lateral flow assays (LFAs), and other techniques. Among these, LFAs allow for the rapid detection of amplification products within minutes through the visualization of results, offering convenient operation and low cost. Therefore, the combination of RPA with LFA technology has significant advantages and holds broad application prospects in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, particularly in low-resource settings. Here, we focus on the principles of RPA combined with LFAs, their application to pathogen diagnosis, their main advantages and limitations, and some improvements in the methods.}, }
@article {pmid39624215, year = {2024}, author = {Bhattacharya, S and Singh, A and Singh, A and Singh, S}, title = {Mapping the intersection of sudden cardiac death and COVID-19: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis (2020-2024).}, journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1472337}, pmid = {39624215}, issn = {2297-055X}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: A direct causal link between Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) and COVID-19 is unproven, although current data suggest a plausible association.<br><br>AIM: This study aims to map and analyze the intersection of research on sudden cardiac death and COVID-19 through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: This study searched the literature by applying the keywords "COVID-19" AND "Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)". Literature retrieved using the above keywords and published were included with a time limit from 1st January 2020 to 8th Aug 2024.<br><br>RESULTS: The bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 and Sudden Cardiac Death highlights key research trends from 2020 to 2024, revealing a rapid surge in scientific output during the pandemic. 2,915 articles were retrieved, with 70.5% being original research, reflecting a strong focus on new empirical evidence. The peak in publications occurred in 2021, driven by the urgent need to understand the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19. However, a decline in publications and citations in subsequent years suggests a shift in research priorities and a potential saturation in initial research areas. Leading institutions like Harvard Medical School, Mayo Clinic, and the University of Pennsylvania played a significant role, with the U.S., China, and the U.K. being top contributors. Despite fewer publications, China's research had a notable impact, indicated by high average citations per article. Keyword analysis identified "COVID-19" and "SARS-CoV-2" as dominant themes, with related terms like myocarditis and heart failure reflecting major cardiovascular concerns. Co-citation analysis revealed seminal works that shaped the discourse, with influential articles by Xu Z et al. and Guo T et al. frequently cited. The collaborative nature of research, especially among top institutions and countries like the U.S., Italy, and the U.K., was evident in network analyses. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the research landscape, highlighting significant contributions, emerging themes, and future research directions in understanding and mitigating the cardiovascular impacts of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39624100, year = {2024}, author = {Huan, X and Zhan, J and Gao, H}, title = {Research progress of spike protein mutation of SARS-CoV-2 mutant strain and antibody development.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1407149}, pmid = {39624100}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; Humans ; *Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *Mutation ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology/therapeutic use ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology/therapeutic use ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology ; Animals ; }, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease with a very high infectious rate caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2). Because SARS-CoV-2 is easy to mutate, the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variant strains not only enhances the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 but also brings great obstacles to the treatment of COVID-19. Neutralizing antibodies have achieved good results in the clinical application of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, which can be used for pre-infection protection and treatment of novel coronavirus patients. This review makes a detailed introduction to the mutation characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the molecular mechanism of mutation affecting the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, and the impact of mutation on monoclonal antibody therapy, providing scientific reference for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and the research and development of antibody drugs.}, }
@article {pmid39623895, year = {2024}, author = {Wiedemann, H and Cloes, JO and Paschke, K and Thomasius, R}, title = {[Not Available].}, journal = {Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie}, volume = {73}, number = {7}, pages = {604-626}, doi = {10.13109/prkk.2024.73.7.604}, pmid = {39623895}, issn = {0032-7034}, mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; *Social Media ; *Video Games/psychology ; *Internet Addiction Disorder/psychology/epidemiology/therapy ; Behavior, Addictive/psychology/epidemiology/therapy ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; }, abstract = {New Media and Addiction in Youth New media, such as digital games, social media, and video streaming services, have emerged as fundamental channels for socialization and leisure activities among young people. Platforms such as TikTok, Fortnite, and YouTube do not only provide entertainment, enjoyment, and opportunities for social connection, but also carry the risk of excessive use. Particularly vulnerable youth, who turn to media to escape real-world problems and conflicts, can quickly become trapped in a vicious cycle, resulting in problematic usage habits with significant psychosocial consequences. This review presents the current state of research on Digital Media Use Disorders (DMUD) in youth. It outlines diagnostic criteria, presents recent data on epidemiology, etiology, and treatment approaches, and discusses implications for prevention. DMUD in youth remains a serious health issue in the aftermath of the pandemic. Parents and schools play a crucial role in guiding children and adolescents towards media literacy and self-regulated use of digital media. But also game and platform providers, who often employ manipulative mechanisms that prevent a self-regulated use, need to be held accountable. The introduction of the European Digital Services Act represents a crucial step in this direction.}, }
@article {pmid39623540, year = {2025}, author = {Butler, M and McArthur, EC}, title = {mHealth for Women with Pregnancies with Fetal Anomalies: A Scoping Review.}, journal = {MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {39-45}, pmid = {39623540}, issn = {1539-0683}, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Telemedicine ; *COVID-19 ; Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis ; Mobile Applications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {PURPOSE: The purpose of this review is to investigate the current landscape of evidence-based mHealth resources designed to support pregnant patients with fetal anomalies, with a focus on enhancing maternal wellbeing, disseminating relevant information, and facilitating communication with nurses, physicians, and other health care professionals.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Using the JBI (formerly known as the Joanna Briggs Institute) scoping review protocol and the PRISMA-ScR framework, we conducted a comprehensive search across databases including CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.<br><br>METHODS: A keyword search was conducted, resulting in 227 unique records. Articles discussing mobile apps for pregnancies with a fetal diagnosis or fetal risk for anomaly were included, including hospital-affiliated or telehealth apps that were adapted for use with this specific population.<br><br>RESULTS: Ten articles were selected for inclusion. Our analysis identified several predominant themes. The surge of mHealth, influenced in part by the COVID-19 pandemic, has provided critical access to care for pregnant patients with fetal anomalies through mobile platforms. Comprehensive resource tools integrating informational components via mHealth are needed to offer flexibility to patients as well as nurses, physicians, and other health care professionals. Adopting a patient-driven approach in developing mHealth resources is important in meeting the needs of patients, their families, and their health care team.<br><br>CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A framework for the development and implementation of high-fidelity mHealth resources tailored to this vulnerable population is needed. Emphasizing a patient-centered approach in the creation of mHealth resources is paramount to ensuring their effectiveness and usefulness for pregnant women experiencing fetal anomalies, their families, and the perinatal health care team.}, }
@article {pmid39623458, year = {2024}, author = {Li, H and Zong, Y and Li, J and Zhou, Z and Chang, Y and Shi, W and Guo, J}, title = {Research trends and hotspots on global influenza and inflammatory response based on bibliometrics.}, journal = {Virology journal}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {313}, pmid = {39623458}, issn = {1743-422X}, support = {2023CXMMTCM009//Unveiling the List of Commanders" of the Institute of Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Institute of Big Health, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center/ ; 2022rcyb025//Anhui University of Chinese Medicine High-level Talent Support Program/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *Bibliometrics ; Biomedical Research/trends ; COVID-19/epidemiology/immunology/prevention &amp; control ; *Inflammation/epidemiology ; *Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; *Post-Infectious Disorders/epidemiology/pathology ; }, abstract = {The influenza virus is considered as a kind of significant zoonotic infectious disease identified to date, with severe infections in humans characterized by excessive inflammation and tissue damage, usually resulting in serious complications. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation after influenza infection have been extensively studied, bibliometric analysis on the research hotspots and developing trends in this field has not been published heretofore. Articles related to influenza and inflammatory response were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database (1992-2024) and analyzed using various visualization tools. Finally, this study collected a total of 2,176 relevant articles, involving 13,184 researchers, 2,647 institutions, 78 countries/regions, and published in 723 journals. Most articles were published in the United States (928 articles), China (450 articles) and the United Kingdom (158 articles). Ross Vlahos was the most productive author. Furthermore, some journals, such as PLoS One and Frontiers in Immunology, made much contribution to the topic. The future research trends include airway stem cells and neuroendocrine cells as new directions for the treatment of influenza complications, as well as measures related to prevention, treatment, and research and development based on the COVID-19 pandemic. Through bibliometric analysis and summary of inflammatory response of influenza-related articles, this study ultimately summarizes new directions for preventing and treating influenza.}, }
@article {pmid39623325, year = {2024}, author = {Abdollahi, A and Nateghi, S and Panahi, Z and Inanloo, SH and Salarvand, S and Pourfaraji, SM}, title = {The association between mortality due to COVID-19 and coagulative parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {1373}, pmid = {39623325}, issn = {1471-2334}, mesh = {Humans ; Blood Coagulation ; *COVID-19/mortality/blood ; *Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis/metabolism ; Fibrinogen/analysis/metabolism ; International Normalized Ratio ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Platelet Count ; Prothrombin Time ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis study evaluated the association between mortality due to COVID-19 and coagulative factors.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science from the beginning of the pandemic until October 2024 to identify relevant studies on COVID-19 patients and their laboratory findings related to coagulation markers and mortality outcome. Eligibility criteria were defined based on the PICO framework, and data extraction was performed by two authors independently using a standardized sheet. Statistical analysis was accomplished using the random effects model, and heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I[2] test. R and RStudio were used for statistical analysis and visualization.<br><br>RESULTS: Our systematic literature search yielded 6969 studies, with 48 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis. The mean platelet count was significantly lower in deceased COVID-19 patients compared to survivors (20.58), while activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and fibrinogen levels did not show significant differences. The pooled mean difference of D-Dimer, International Normalized Ratio (INR), and prothrombin time (PT) were significantly lower in survived patients (-2.45, -0.10, and -0.84, respectively). These findings suggest that platelet count, D-Dimer, INR, and PT may serve as potential indicators of mortality in COVID-19 patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The results of our systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in the pooled platelet count among deceased individuals when compared to survivors. However, no significant distinctions were observed in the pooled mean activated aPTT and fibrinogen levels between the deceased and survivor groups. On the other hand, there were noticeable variations in the pooled estimated mean of INR, PT, and D-Dimer levels, with significantly higher values in the deceased group compared to those who survived.}, }
@article {pmid39622507, year = {2024}, author = {Cha, CD and Park, CS and Shin, HC and Han, J and Choi, JE and Kim, JH and Jung, KW and Lee, SB and Nam, SE and Yoon, TI and Kang, YJ and Kim, Z and Jung, SY and Kim, HA and , }, title = {Breast Cancer Statistics in Korea, 2021.}, journal = {Journal of breast cancer}, volume = {27}, number = {6}, pages = {351-361}, pmid = {39622507}, issn = {1738-6756}, abstract = {The Korean Breast Cancer Society (KBCS) has collected nationwide registry data on clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment since 1996. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of breast cancer in Korea and assess changes in breast cancer statistics for 2021 using data from the KBCS registry and the Korean Central Cancer Registry. In 2021, 34,628 women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer. The median age of women diagnosed with breast cancer was 53.4 years, with the highest incidence occurring in the 40-49 age group. The most common molecular subtype was hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, accounting for 69.1% of cases, while HER2-positive subtypes comprised 19.3%. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the national breast cancer screening rate declined. However, the incidence of early-stage breast cancer (stages 0 and I) continued to increase, accounting for 65.6% of newly diagnosed cases in 2021. Our results showed that the overall survival rate for patients with breast cancer has improved, primarily due to a rise in early-stage diagnoses and advancements in treatment.}, }
@article {pmid39622382, year = {2025}, author = {Wen, Z and Ma, R and Chen, J and Deng, Y and Li, H and Huang, B and Han, F and Li, C and Chen, Y and Wang, H and Leng, SX and Sun, S and Ning, X}, title = {Risk factors for delirium in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Neuroscience}, volume = {565}, number = {}, pages = {172-181}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.036}, pmid = {39622382}, issn = {1873-7544}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Delirium/etiology/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; }, abstract = {Delirium is one of the serious neurological complications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19, especially in older patients. There is currently no meta-analysis of risk factors for delirium in patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to identify potential risk factors for delirium in patients with COVID-19 through a meta-analysis of observational clinical studies. In conducting this analysis, literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale (NOS). Data were extracted independently by two reviewers and pooled using either fixed effects or random effects models based on the results of heterogeneity testing. As a result of this meta-analysis, a total of 21 studies were included, including 10,147 patients. The analysis revealed the identification of 26 predisposing factors and 54 precipitating factors associated with COVID-19-related delirium. Notably, the administration of hydrocortisone and azithromycin, among other specific medications designated for COVID-19, exhibited a potential to be positively associated with the incidence of delirium in patients afflicted with COVID-19. In conclusion, the present study identified potential predisposing and precipitating factors linked with delirium in COVID-19 patients. It is anticipated that these results will have a considerable impact on the management and treatment of delirium in COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid39622042, year = {2024}, author = {Narayan, S and Gooderham, E and Spencer, S and McCracken, RK and Hedden, L}, title = {Virtual Primary Care for People With Opioid Use Disorder: Scoping Review of Current Strategies, Benefits, and Challenges.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {e54015}, pmid = {39622042}, issn = {1438-8871}, mesh = {Humans ; *Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy/therapy ; *Primary Health Care ; *Telemedicine ; COVID-19 ; Health Services Accessibility ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is a pressing need to understand the implications of the rapid adoption of virtual primary care for people with opioid use disorder. Potential impacts, including disruptions to opiate agonist therapies, and the prospect of improved service accessibility remain underexplored.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This scoping review synthesized current literature on virtual primary care for people with opioid use disorder with a specific focus on benefits, challenges, and strategies.<br><br>METHODS: We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological approach for scoping reviews and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist for reporting our findings. We conducted searches in MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, and Embase using our developed search strategy with no date restrictions. We incorporated all study types that included the 3 concepts (ie, virtual care, primary care, and people with opioid use disorder). We excluded research on minors, asynchronous virtual modalities, and care not provided in a primary care setting. We used Covidence to screen and extract data, pulling information on study characteristics, health system features, patient outcomes, and challenges and benefits of virtual primary care. We conducted inductive content analysis and calculated descriptive statistics. We appraised the quality of the studies using the Quality Assessment With Diverse Studies tool and categorized the findings using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.<br><br>RESULTS: Our search identified 1474 studies. We removed 36.36% (536/1474) of these as duplicates, leaving 938 studies for title and abstract screening. After a double review process, we retained 3% (28/938) of the studies for extraction. Only 14% (4/28) of the studies were conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic, and most (15/28, 54%) used quantitative methodologies. We summarized objectives and results, finding that most studies (18/28, 64%) described virtual primary care delivered via phone rather than video and that many studies (16/28, 57%) reported changes in appointment modality. Through content analysis, we identified that policies and regulations could either facilitate (11/28, 39%) or impede (7/28, 25%) the provision of care virtually. In addition, clinicians' perceptions of patient stability (5/28, 18%) and the heightened risks associated with virtual care (10/28, 36%) can serve as a barrier to offering virtual services. For people with opioid use disorder, increased health care accessibility was a noteworthy benefit (13/28, 46%) to the adoption of virtual visits, whereas issues regarding access to technology and digital literacy stood out as the most prominent challenge (12/28, 43%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The available studies highlight the potential for enhancing accessibility and continuous access to care for people with opioid use disorder using virtual modalities. Future research and policies must focus on bridging gaps to ensure that virtual primary care does not exacerbate or entrench health inequities.}, }
@article {pmid39621659, year = {2024}, author = {Idriss-Wheeler, D and Bancroft, X and Bouraleh, S and Buy, M and Yaya, S and El-Khatib, Z}, title = {Exploring access to health and social supports for intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors during stressful life events (SLEs)-A scoping review.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {19}, number = {12}, pages = {e0313613}, pmid = {39621659}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Humans ; *Intimate Partner Violence/psychology ; *Social Support ; *Survivors/psychology ; Stress, Psychological ; Health Services Accessibility ; Female ; COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Life Change Events ; Male ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) often face increased incidents of violence during stressful life events (SLEs) such as economic recessions, environmental disasters, and pandemics. These events can diminish the effectiveness of both formal (e.g., health, social, justice, labor, community) and informal (e.g., friends, family, neighbors) support systems. Additionally, SLEs exacerbate existing health and social inequities, making it necessary to understand the accessibility of support services during these times. This scoping review investigates access to services by individuals experiencing IPV during SLEs in high-income countries.<br><br>APPROACH: A comprehensive search was conducted across several electronic databases including MEDLINE (OVID), Embase (OVID), PsychInfo (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCO), Global Health (EBSCO), Gender Watch (ProQuest), Web of Science, and Applied Social Sciences Index &amp; Abstracts (ProQuest), along with the search engine Google Scholar. This search, which imposed no date restrictions, was extended through May 22nd, 2024. Key search terms were developed from prior literature and in consultation with an expert librarian, focusing on 'stressful life events,' 'intimate partner violence,' and 'access to services.'. Each study was screened and extracted by two reviewers and conflicts were resolved through discussion or a third reviewer.<br><br>RESULTS: The search across eight databases and citation searching resulted in a total of 7396 potentially relevant articles. After removing 1968 duplicates and screening 5428 based on titles and abstracts, 200 articles underwent full abstract review. Ultimately, 74 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria and were selected for further analysis. The analysis focused on barriers and facilitators to access, identifying challenges within Survivors' support systems, redirected resources during crises, and complex control dynamics and marginalization. Over 90% of the literature included covered the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing these challenges requires innovative strategies, sustained funding, and targeted interventions for high-risk subgroups.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This scoping review systematically outlined the challenges and enabling factors influencing the availability of support services for Survivors of IPV during SLEs. It underscores the need for robust, culturally sensitive health and social support mechanisms, and policies. Such measures are essential to better protect and assist IPV Survivors and their service providers during these critical times. Furthermore, it is imperative to integrate the insights and expertise of the violence against women (VAW) sector into emergency planning and policy-making to ensure comprehensive and effective responses that address the unique needs of Survivors in crises.}, }
@article {pmid39621522, year = {2024}, author = {Yildiz, H and Budak, S}, title = {The place and importance of palliative care in the fight against COVID-19.}, journal = {International journal of palliative nursing}, volume = {30}, number = {11}, pages = {592-598}, doi = {10.12968/ijpn.2024.30.11.592}, pmid = {39621522}, issn = {2052-286X}, mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Palliative Care/organization &amp; administration ; *Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In a pandemic, existing palliative care units may be inadequate and palliative care may need to be provided in other hospital units.<br><br>AIMS: To review and improve the palliative care approach applied during a pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: Studies published between 2019 and 2020 were examined using the keywords 'fighting against COVID-19 'and 'organisation' in the PubMed, Ebsco, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases.<br><br>FINDINGS: It was determined that the US Mass Critical Care Task Force created a framework for organising palliative care in the fight against the pandemic. It was determined that institutions and organisations implemented practices aligned with this framework during the pandemic. However, due to the evaluation, this framework was limited, and its scope should be expanded.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations in this review and indicated in italics will improve the palliative care approach to be applied during the pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid39621036, year = {2025}, author = {Ketsekioulafis, I and Katsos, K and Kolentinis, C and Kouzos, D and Moraitis, K and Spiliopoulou, C and Sakelliadis, EI}, title = {Humanitarian forensic medicine: a systematic review.}, journal = {International journal of legal medicine}, volume = {139}, number = {2}, pages = {747-761}, pmid = {39621036}, issn = {1437-1596}, mesh = {Humans ; *Forensic Medicine ; COVID-19 ; *Altruism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Relief Work ; }, abstract = {Various concerns relating to international humanitarian law and human rights were risen by natural catastrophes (tsunamis, floods, fires), the Covid-19 pandemic, the epidemic breakouts of Ebola, as well as the significant migrant wave observed in the Mediterranean region. Forensic Medicine has direct interactions with both domestic and international law, and thus is frequently asked to provide solutions for these issues. The term "Humanitarian Forensic Action" (HFA), which refers to the application of forensic science to serve humanitarian endeavors, was created. The management of crises including armed conflicts, natural disasters, and humanitarian crises is therefore related to HFA. HFA is a specialized field of forensic sciences that is used to handle the identification of the deceased and human remains, as well as to contribute to the management of the dead, the management of mass disasters, and the investigation of abuse and torture. The psychosocial effects that these tragic events have on the victims, their loved ones, and society at large represent another HFA-related field. Firstly this systematic review aims to present all available international literature that discusses HFA as a unique forensic discipline. Secondly, through this review, it is hoped that HFA awareness will be risen among forensic practitioners, thus allowing improved adoption in general and future development as a branch of forensic sciences. As far as we are aware, there isn't another systematic study that presents the entirety of HFA's branches at once.}, }
@article {pmid39620218, year = {2024}, author = {Eker, F and Duman, H and Ertürk, M and Karav, S}, title = {The potential of lactoferrin as antiviral and immune-modulating agent in viral infectious diseases.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1402135}, pmid = {39620218}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {*Lactoferrin/pharmacology ; Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Virus Diseases/immunology/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology/drug effects ; Animals ; Immunomodulating Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/immunology/virology ; }, abstract = {Emerging infectious diseases are caused by unpredictable viruses with the dangerous potential to trigger global pandemics. These viruses typically initiate infection by utilizing the anionic structures of host cell surface receptors to gain entry. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein with multiple properties such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Due to its cationic structure, Lf naturally interacts with certain host cell receptors, such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans, as well as viral particles and other receptors that are targeted by viruses. Therefore, Lf may interfere with virus-host cell interactions by acting as a receptor competitor for viruses. Herein we summarize studies in which this competition was investigated with SARS-CoV-2, Zika, Dengue, Hepatitis and Influenza viruses in vitro. These studies have demonstrated not only Lf's competitive properties, but also its potential intracellular impact on host cells, such as enhancing cell survival and reducing infection efficiency by inhibiting certain viral enzymes. In addition, the immunomodulatory effect of Lf is highlighted, as it can influence the activity of specific immune cells and regulate cytokine release, thereby enhancing the host's response to viral infections. Collectively, these properties promote the potential of Lf as a promising candidate for research in viral infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39620151, year = {2024}, author = {Miller, WC and Wallace, S and Kamm, W and Reardon, E and Theis-Mahon, N and Yousefzadeh, MJ and Schmidt, EL and Niedernhofer, LJ and Puskarich, MA}, title = {Cellular senescence in acute human infectious disease: a systematic review.}, journal = {Frontiers in aging}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {1500741}, pmid = {39620151}, issn = {2673-6217}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Acute infectious disease represents a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in elderly individuals admitted to the hospital. In its extreme, it presents as sepsis, a systematic inflammatory and immunologic response responsible for self-injurious organ injury. As individuals age, a unique set of factors including immunosenescence predispose them to acquiring an infection and a worse clinical prognosis. This systematic review explores the relationship between cellular senescence, an age-related inflammatory phenomenon, with acute human infectious disease.<br><br>METHODS: Embase via OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, Cochrane Library via Wiley, and ClinicalTrials.gov were queried. Included studies must have compared at least one of the following measures of cellular senescence between patients with an infection and without an infection: cell cycle inhibition measured via levels of p16 [INK4a] and/or p21 [CIP1] , short telomere length, DNA damage via &#x263;H2AX, high senescence-associated &#x3b2; galactosidase activity, and inflammation via the detection of senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Manuscripts were screened and data collected via two independent reviewers.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 15,828 studies were screened after duplicates were removed. One hundred and fifty-three full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and a total of 16 original articles were included in analysis. Of the 16 original articles included, 12 (75%) articles were centered on SARS-CoV-2, 2 (12.5%) articles utilized patients infected with Leishmania braziliensis, 1 (6.25%) with Plasmodium falciparum, and 1 (6.25%) with Hepatitis C.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Current literature demonstrates robust upregulation of markers of cellular senescence in the setting of acute SARS-CoV-2, P. falciparum, L. braziliensis, and hepatitis C virus, and that markers of senescence correlate with disease severity and persist for months after resolution. Limitations in the number and types of infectious organisms studied, low sample sizes, modest longitudinal sampling, and a lack of consistency in markers measured, the method of measurement, and the definition of normal values represent ongoing gaps in the literature.<br><br>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=421473, Identifier CRD42023421473.}, }
@article {pmid39619752, year = {2025}, author = {Sahebalzamani, E and Alijanpour, S and Saadat, P}, title = {Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19; Self-report or olfactory dysfunction test?.}, journal = {Caspian journal of internal medicine}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {37-46}, pmid = {39619752}, issn = {2008-6164}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 developed a sudden onset of smelling disorders. Researchers used self-reported or special tests to study this issue. We aimed to investigate whether quantitative-test smell disorders have a considerable difference from self-reported or not.<br><br>METHODS: We searched 554 studies published between December 2019 to September 2020 by the PICO model. Our search strategies were based on MeSH terms in the electronic databases Web of Science (136 articles), Scopus (84 articles), and PubMed (334 articles). The duplicated articles were excluded, then the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidance were utilized. Finally, we divided the studies into two (self-report (33 articles) and specific-test (9 articles)) groups.<br><br>RESULTS: 33 (80%) articles expressed olfactory dysfunction by self-report of patients and 9(20%) studies were conducted by a specific test. Only three studies, one in self-report; ((internal reliability, Cronbach &#x3b1; = 0.84) and validity (r = -0.60, p < 0.001)) and two in specific-test groups; ((test-retest r=0.94) and another study (test-retest r >0.7)) conducted validity and reliability. Self-reported studies published a various range of prevalence (20% _97%) in patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 patients with a specific-test group were found to have a primary incidence of anosmia of over 65%, even reaching 98% depending on the types of tests.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Self-reporting of COVID-19 detection can be affected by sociodemographic factors. Although self-reported questionnaires are economical and easy to use, standardized tests provide more reliable comparisons and professional assessments. Therefore, standardized tests are recommended for more accurate screening over self-reporting.}, }
@article {pmid39618957, year = {2024}, author = {Wondmeneh, TG and Solomon Tadesse, Z}, title = {Adequate antenatal care service utilizations after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {1395190}, pmid = {39618957}, issn = {2296-2565}, mesh = {Humans ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; *Prenatal Care/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Adult ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The world faces great difficulty in continuing to provide essential maternity health care after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic Many women have trouble accessing maternity healthcare due to fear of infection. A decline in the utilization of maternity health services is suggested to worsen adequate antenatal care service utilization. Thus, this study aimed to determine the pooled estimate of adequate antenatal care service utilization after the onset of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.<br><br>METHODS: The searching of articles was carried out on Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CINHAL, Google Scholar, African journals online, and the institutional repository of Ethiopian universities. Using a Microsoft Excel standardized spreadsheet, the data were extracted. A random effect model was used to determine a pooled estimate of adequate antenatal care utilization. I [2] statistics were used to quantify the amount of heterogeneity. The evidence of publication bias was examined using Egger's regression test and a visual inspection of the funnel plot. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also carried out.<br><br>RESULTS: Finally, this systematic review and meta-analysis included 11 eligible articles. The overall pooled estimate of adequate antenatal care service utilization after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia was 46.28% (95% CI: 35.32%-57.26%). There is a substantial amount of heterogeneity between studies (I [2] = 99.07%, p < 0.001). Pregnant women who visited antenatal care early were 10.9 times more likely to have adequate antenatal care utilization than those without early visits (AOR = 10.93, 95% CI: 7.2-14.66).<br><br>CONCLUSION: In this review, the percentage of women who utilized adequate antenatal care after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia was less than half. Early antenatal care visit is an important factor to achieve adequate antenatal care service utilizations.<br><br>: CRD42023495279.}, }
@article {pmid39618227, year = {2024}, author = {Zhang, H and Liu, Y and Liu, Y and Luo, Y}, title = {Musculoskeletal Disorders in COVID-19 Surveillance Staff Members: An Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Coping Strategies.}, journal = {British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)}, volume = {85}, number = {11}, pages = {1-17}, doi = {10.12968/hmed.2024.0423}, pmid = {39618227}, issn = {1750-8460}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; Prevalence ; *Occupational Diseases/epidemiology ; *Adaptation, Psychological ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Middle Aged ; China/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ergonomics ; Coping Skills ; }, abstract = {Aims/Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the COVID-19 surveillance staff members experienced an increased risk for musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, it is necessary to further investigate the causal factors stemming from COVID-19 surveillance work, especially nucleic acid testing, and establish their relationship with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) by building upon the previous research. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of WMSDs and the major risks faced by the COVID-19 surveillance staff members. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2022. The Quick Exposure Check (QEC), Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used to evaluate ergonomic factors, musculoskeletal symptoms and pressure among 131 COVID-19 surveillance staff members in four hospitals in South-central Henan Province. Additionally, data regarding the coping strategies adopted by the respondents for lowing the risk of developing WMSDs were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Results The QEC results showed that the back, neck, and should/arm of the COVID-19 surveillance staff members bore high ergonomic loads, while the wrist suffered a medium load. The neck (75.6%), shoulder (66.4%), upper back (58%), and wrist (55.7%) were at higher risk for musculoskeletal disorder. Most of the respondents claimed a low sense of achievement (124, 94.7%) and slightly less than half of them had endured emotional exhaustion at work (61, 46.6%). Prolonged period of maintaining the same posture at work, awkward bending or twisting of back side, task repetition and so on were the perceived job risk factors precipitating WMSDs among the participants in this study. The top three coping strategies for lowering the risk of WMSDs included adjusting the plinth/bed height (49.6%), utilizing different parts of the body at work (47.3%), and taking short breaks when required (33.6%). Conclusion Prolonged large-scale nucleic acid detection can aggravate the musculoskeletal injuries of the neck, shoulder, upper back, and wrist in COVID-19 surveillance staff members. Prevention measures for musculoskeletal injuries factors must be in place to deter such incidence at work.}, }
@article {pmid39618167, year = {2024}, author = {Bastani, MN and Jalilian, S and Bahreiny, SS and Makvandi, M and Aghaei, M and Mansouri, Z and Karamali, N and Sakhavarz, T and Amraei, M and Harooni, E}, title = {Update prognostic potency of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in the COVID-19 landscape: an In-depth meta-analytical exploration.}, journal = {Biomarkers in medicine}, volume = {18}, number = {24}, pages = {1135-1148}, pmid = {39618167}, issn = {1752-0371}, mesh = {Humans ; Biomarkers/blood ; *COVID-19/blood/diagnosis/mortality ; Prognosis ; *Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/blood ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Surfactant Protein D (SP-D), a key component of the innate immune system, has attracted significant interest for its potential role in the pathophysiology and prognosis of COVID-19. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to clarify the prognostic importance of SP-D levels in COVID-19 patients.<br><br>METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, covering studies published from January 2000 to January 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on studies measuring SP-D levels in the serum or plasma of COVID-19 patients, comparing severe and non-severe cases. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model to assess overall effect sizes. Meta-regressions and subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential sources of heterogeneity, including patient age, assay techniques, and gender ratio.<br><br>RESULTS: The meta-analysis incorporated data from nine studies involving 5,410 COVID-19 patients. Elevated SP-D levels were significantly correlated with increased disease severity, yielding an SMD of 0.642 (95% CI: 0.314 to 0.870; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.012).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis confirms the prognostic significance of SP-D in the context of COVID-19. Elevated SP-D levels are associated with severe disease outcomes, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker.}, }
@article {pmid39617454, year = {2024}, author = {Uraki, R}, title = {[Analysis of RNA virus pathogenicity and development of novel prevention methods.].}, journal = {Uirusu}, volume = {74}, number = {1}, pages = {57-66}, doi = {10.2222/jsv.74.57}, pmid = {39617454}, issn = {0042-6857}, mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity/physiology/genetics ; Animals ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/virology/epidemiology ; *Zika Virus/pathogenicity/genetics ; Zika Virus Infection/prevention &amp; control/virology ; RNA Viruses/pathogenicity/genetics ; Male ; Testis/virology ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; RNA Virus Infections/prevention &amp; control/virology ; Virulence ; Culicidae/virology ; Salivary Glands/virology ; }, abstract = {In the first quarter of the 21st century, infectious diseases caused by RNA viruses such as SARS, pandemic influenza viruses, MERS, Zika virus, and SARS-CoV-2 have spread. When such emerging and re-emerging viruses occur and spread, it is important for public health to quickly analyze the characteristics of these viruses and develop preventive measures. We found that the Zika virus causes damage to the testes, leading to testicular atrophy; that a vaccine based on mosquito salivary gland proteins suppresses mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission/infection; that the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 isolated from patients is comparable to that of Omicron BA.1; and that a strategy targeting regulatory T cells to enhance vaccine efficacy is effective. Here, I would like to briefly discuss these findings.}, }
@article {pmid39617453, year = {2024}, author = {Ito, J}, title = {[Data-Driven Research for Understanding and Predicting Viral Epidemics and Evolution].}, journal = {Uirusu}, volume = {74}, number = {1}, pages = {49-56}, doi = {10.2222/jsv.74.49}, pmid = {39617453}, issn = {0042-6857}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; *Genome, Viral/genetics ; Big Data ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Epidemics ; Computational Biology/methods ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology/virology ; }, abstract = {The era of big data has begun in life sciences, and virology is no exception. Especially since COVID-19, virology has become one of the most genome data-rich fields in life sciences. In this article, I will introduce the new paradigm of "understanding and predicting viral epidemics and evolution, " made possible by the emergence of vast amounts of genome data, focusing on my research to date. Additionally, I would like to introduce our efforts toward advancing the field of viral informatics.}, }
@article {pmid39617451, year = {2024}, author = {Hashimoto, R and Masui, A and Gotoh, S and Takayama, K}, title = {[Development of human iPS cell-derived alveolar and airway models using micropatterning plate for SARS-CoV-2 research].}, journal = {Uirusu}, volume = {74}, number = {1}, pages = {35-44}, doi = {10.2222/jsv.74.35}, pmid = {39617451}, issn = {0042-6857}, mesh = {Humans ; *Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/virology/cytology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; *COVID-19/virology ; *Organoids/virology ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Pulmonary Alveoli/virology/cytology ; Models, Biological ; }, abstract = {Advanced cell culture systems including human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and organoids enable the generation of intricate structural and functional organ models in vitro. Application of these advanced cell culture systems to research on a wide range of diseases including infectious diseases is underway. Due to the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, advanced cell culture systems in the virus research field are rapidly becoming popular. Respiratory models generated using human iPS cells and organoid technology are useful for analyzing respiratory cell responses caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, there is still room for the development of an apical-out model, which is essential for simple virus infection experiments, and a model that can analyze host responses in the alveoli and airways. In this study, we developed human iPS cell-derived alveolar and airway models with an apical-out structure by using a micropatterning plate. In the alveolar model, we confirmed that this model contains abundant type II alveolar epithelial (AT2) cells, which are the target cells of SARS-CoV-2 in the alveoli. In the airway model, we confirmed that this model contains abundant ciliated cells, which are the target cells of SARS-CoV-2 in the airway. Using our alveolar and airway models, we can analyze the differences in infection efficiency and host response of each SARS-CoV-2 variant. We hope that the human iPS cell-derived alveolar and airway models generated using a micropatterning plate will be used to analyze not only SARS-CoV-2 but also a wide range of respiratory viruses.}, }
@article {pmid39617194, year = {2024}, author = {Santoni, M and Pistis, M}, title = {Maternal Immune Activation and the Endocannabinoid System: Focus on Two-Hit Models of Schizophrenia.}, journal = {Biological psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.11.015}, pmid = {39617194}, issn = {1873-2402}, abstract = {The devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have underscored the significant threat that infectious diseases pose to our society. Pregnancy represents a period of heightened vulnerability to infections, which can compromise maternal health and increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Preclinical and clinical investigations suggest a potential association between maternal immune activation (MIA), which is triggered by viral or bacterial infections, and increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the overall risk. Therefore, the two-hit hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that MIA could act as a first trigger, with subsequent factors, such as stress or drug abuse, exacerbating latent abnormalities. A growing body of research is focused on the interaction between MIA and cannabis use during adolescence, considering the role of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in neurodevelopment and in neurodevelopmental disorders. The eCB system, crucial for fetal brain development, may be disrupted by MIA, leading to adverse outcomes in adulthood. Recent research indicates the eCB system's significant role in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders in preclinical models. However, findings on adolescent cannabinoid exposure in MIA-exposed animals have revealed unexpected complexities, with several studies failing to support the exacerbation of MIA-related abnormalities. In this review, we delve into the functional implications of the eCB system in MIA models, emphasizing the role of 2-AG (2-arachidonoylglycerol) signaling in synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammation and its relevance to the two-hit model of schizophrenia.}, }
@article {pmid39616498, year = {2025}, author = {Schoon, I and Shukla, S and Verma, S and Terol, E and Da Cunha, JM}, title = {The COVID-19 pandemic and young people's civic engagement: A scoping review.}, journal = {Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {e13039}, pmid = {39616498}, issn = {1532-7795}, support = {//Society for Research on Adolescence/ ; //John Templeton Foundation/ ; //ICDSS/SRA COVID-19 Scholars Program/ ; }, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Social Responsibility ; Pandemics ; *Community Participation ; Leadership ; *Social Participation ; }, abstract = {This scoping review summarizes evidence regarding the impact of civic and community engagement of young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing that the global pandemic not only brought challenges but also new opportunities to take a stance and to actively engage in communities and society, this review assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people's civic engagement across different cultural contexts and identifies key factors and processes that enable young people to engage with their community or society at large. We summarize evidence from 27 original research papers, one thought piece, and four reports conducted by global organizations such as the United Nations and OECD. Relevant research was conducted in the United States, Europe, China, Southeast Asia, South Africa, and New Zealand, addressing the development of leadership skills, civic responsibility, critical consciousness, civic and community engagement, as well as social integration. Key factors that facilitated civic engagement include national investments in online learning facilities, support for basic needs (such as education, health, and employment), and promotion and encouragement of local initiatives. The studies differed in their focus depending on the socio-cultural context encountered and future research needs to consider cultural variations and different demands on young people to inform effective practices for supporting young people's active engagement in society.}, }
@article {pmid39615519, year = {2024}, author = {French, JMR and Woods, A and Sayers, A and Deere, K and Whitehouse, MR}, title = {Day-case knee and hip replacement.}, journal = {The bone &amp; joint journal}, volume = {106-B}, number = {12}, pages = {1385-1392}, doi = {10.1302/0301-620X.106B12.BJJ-2024-0021.R1}, pmid = {39615519}, issn = {2049-4408}, mesh = {Humans ; *Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods ; *Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/methods ; *Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Patient Readmission/statistics &amp; numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Male ; Length of Stay/statistics &amp; numerical data ; }, abstract = {AIMS: Day-case knee and hip replacement, in which patients are discharged on the day of surgery, has been gaining popularity during the last two decades, and particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review presents the evidence comparing day-case to inpatient-stay surgery.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed of MEDLINE, Embase, and grey literature databases to include all studies which compare day-case with inpatient knee and hip replacement. Meta-analyses were performed where appropriate using a random effects model. The protocol was registered prospectively (PROSPERO CRD42023392811).<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 38 studies were included, with a total of 83,888 day-case procedures. The studies were predominantly from the USA and Canada, observational, and with a high risk of bias. Day-case patients were a mean of 2.08 years younger (95% CI 1.05 to 3.12), were more likely to be male (odds ratio (OR) 1.3 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.41)), and had a lower mean BMI and American Society of Anesthesiologists grades compared with inpatients. Overall, day-case surgery was associated with significantly lower odds of readmission (OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.96); p = 0.009), subsequent emergency department attendance (OR 0.62 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.79); p < 0.001), and complications (OR 0.7 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.89) p = 0.004), than inpatient surgery. There were no significant differences in the rates of reoperation or mortality. The overall rate of successful same-day discharge for day-case surgery was 85% (95% CI 81 to 88). Patient-reported outcome measures and cost-effectiveness were either equal or favoured day-case.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the literature, in particular the substantial risk of selection bias, the outcomes following day-case knee and hip replacement appear not to be inferior to those following an inpatient stay. The evidence is more robust for unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) than for total knee replacement (TKR) or total hip replacement (THR). The rate of successful same-day discharge is highest in UKR, followed by TKR and comparatively lower in THR.}, }
@article {pmid39615348, year = {2025}, author = {Kupikowska-Stobba, B and Niu, H and Klojdová, I and Agregán, R and Lorenzo, JM and Kasprzak, M}, title = {Controlled lipid digestion in the development of functional and personalized foods for a tailored delivery of dietary fats.}, journal = {Food chemistry}, volume = {466}, number = {}, pages = {142151}, doi = {10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142151}, pmid = {39615348}, issn = {1873-7072}, mesh = {Humans ; *Digestion ; *Dietary Fats/metabolism ; *Functional Food/analysis ; Lipid Metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism/diet therapy/physiopathology ; COVID-19/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism ; }, abstract = {In recent decades, obesity and its associated health issues have risen dramatically. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated this trend, underscoring the pressing need for new strategies to manage weight. Functional foods designed to modulate lipid digestion and absorption rates and thereby reduce the assimilation of dietary fats have gained increasing attention in food science as a potentially safer alternative to weight-loss medications. This review provides insights into controlled lipid digestion and customized delivery of fats. The first section introduces basic concepts of lipid digestion and absorption in the human gastrointestinal tract. The second section discusses factors regulating lipid digestion and absorption rates, as well as strategies for modulating lipid assimilation from food. The third section focuses on applications of controlled lipid digestion in developing personalized foods designed for specific consumer groups, with particular emphasis on two target populations: overweight individuals and infants.}, }
@article {pmid39615346, year = {2025}, author = {Cosma, C and Radi, A and Cattano, R and Zanobini, P and Bonaccorsi, G and Lorini, C and Del Riccio, M}, title = {Exploring Chatbot contributions to enhancing vaccine literacy and uptake: A scoping review of the literature.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {44}, number = {}, pages = {126559}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126559}, pmid = {39615346}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {Humans ; Communication ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; *Health Literacy ; *Vaccination/psychology ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The increasing integration of chatbots across various sectors marks a significant shift in digital communication, and their role in healthcare makes no exception. This scoping review aims to systematically examine the role of chatbots in the perspective of organizational vaccine literacy, particularly in enhancing vaccine literacy and facilitating the dissemination of vaccine-related information, evaluating the potential of chatbots to transform vaccination communication strategies and improve health education outcomes.<br><br>METHODS: This scoping review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and PsycInfo was conducted from January 2020 to October 30, 2024, using keywords related to "chatbots" and "vaccination." Study selection involved a two-stage screening process, focusing on studies reporting the use of chatbots to improve vaccine literacy and uptake. Data were thematically analyzed and presented in a narrative format.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were included in the review: these studies demonstrate the effectiveness of chatbots in enhancing vaccine literacy and acceptance, mainly focusing on COVID-19 but also addressing HPV and childhood vaccinations. They highlight chatbots' role in improving the vaccine-literate environment through countering misinformation and improving communication with healthcare professionals, showcasing their potential to significantly influence public health outcomes and their adaptability to diverse populations and geographic regions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These digital assistants could provide personalized and up-to-date information, improving not only knowledge but also attitudes and intentions towards vaccinations.}, }
@article {pmid39615145, year = {2025}, author = {Forero-Peña, DA and Carrión-Nessi, FS and Omaña-Ávila, &#xd3;D and Mendoza-Millán, DL and Moncada-Ortega, A and Landaeta, ME}, title = {COVID-19 in Venezuela: Costs and Challenges of Management Severe Cases at Home in a Crisis Setting.}, journal = {Archives of medical research}, volume = {56}, number = {3}, pages = {103126}, doi = {10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103126}, pmid = {39615145}, issn = {1873-5487}, mesh = {Humans ; Venezuela/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/economics/therapy ; *Home Care Services/economics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/economics ; }, abstract = {The humanitarian crisis in Venezuela has become an unprecedented regional emergency. Over the past decade, Venezuela's political and economic collapse has eroded the country's healthcare infrastructure and threatened the public health of the population. Shortages of medicines and health supplies, disruptions in basic services, and the emigration of health workers during this humanitarian crisis have affected access to care throughout the country, as well as the capacity of emergency services and outbreak response. During the early waves of the epidemic, COVID-19 collapsed the Venezuelan health system, leaving sentinel centers without inpatient beds and ICU space. Home-based care alternatives quickly emerged, not only for mild to moderate but also for severe and critical COVID-19 cases. Here we discuss the impact of the pandemic on the Venezuelan health system, the emergence of home-based care alternatives for severe and critical COVID-19 cases, as well as their costs and challenges, and finally, their advantages and disadvantages.}, }
@article {pmid39615116, year = {2025}, author = {Syed, AA and Eqbal, F and Shamsi, HR and Syed, ARS and Zakir, SJ and Fawzy, M and Khan, KS}, title = {Comparative effectiveness of three common SARS-COV-2 vaccines: A network meta-analysis of randomized trials.}, journal = {Semergen}, volume = {51}, number = {2}, pages = {102343}, doi = {10.1016/j.semerg.2024.102343}, pmid = {39615116}, issn = {1578-8865}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Vaccine Efficacy ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Moderna, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for preventing COVID-19 have regulatory approval in most countries. We conducted a network meta-analysis to compare their effectiveness.<br><br>METHODS: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ICTRP, and Clinicaltrials.gov for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1st January 2020 and 1st February 2024. Eligible RCTs evaluated the Moderna, Pfizer or AstraZeneca vaccines among healthy individuals and reported the effectiveness of vaccination versus control measured with the outcome occurrence of COVID-19. We performed study selection, data extraction, and quality (risk of bias) assessment in duplicate. Network meta-analysis with random effects models was used to generate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), evaluating heterogeneity statistically using I[2] for direct comparisons and ranking vaccines hierarchically using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). This study was registered on PROSPERO, CRD42023457957.<br><br>FINDINGS: Of the 1954 initial citation, 18 RCTs (272,724 participants; 151,034 received one of the vaccines and 121,690 controls) that reported the outcome occurrence of COVID-19 were selected. Of these, 2 (11%) were moderate and 5 (28%) were high in quality. In network meta-analysis, all three vaccines were effective compared directly with control (Moderna OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.07-0.26, I[2] 97%; Pfizer OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.05-0.19, I[2] 78%; AstraZeneca OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.25-0.59, I[2] 63%). Indirect comparison of vaccines using control as the common comparator showed that AstraZeneca was less effective than Moderna (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.32-6.12) and Pfizer (OR 3.94, 95% CI 1.80-8.60), while Moderna versus Pfizer showed no difference (OR 1.39, 95% CI 0.56-3.46). Vaccine SUCRA probabilities were higher for Pfizer than Moderna and AstraZeneca (92%, 75% and 33% respectively compared to control).<br><br>INTERPRETATIONS: Pfizer ranks highest followed by Moderna (without a statistically significant difference) and AstraZeneca vaccines for preventing symptomatic COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39615022, year = {2024}, author = {Ansari, M and Behnami, A and Benis, KZ and Farzadkia, M}, title = {An updated review on SARS-CoV-2 in hospital wastewater: occurrence and persistence.}, journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment}, volume = {196}, number = {12}, pages = {1276}, pmid = {39615022}, issn = {1573-2959}, mesh = {*Wastewater/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Hospitals ; Humans ; *COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; }, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, primarily affecting the respiratory system, is also found in fecal samples from COVID-19 patients, demonstrating wastewater as a significant route for viral RNA transmission. During high prevalence periods, healthcare facility wastewater became a potential contamination source. Understanding the role of wastewater in epidemiology is crucial for public health risk assessment. In hospitals, with a specific number of COVID-19 cases, wastewater analysis offers a unique opportunity to link virus presence in wastewater with COVID-19 hospitalizations, a connection that is not possible in urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Shorter wastewater transit times enable more accurate virus tracking. With documented infection rates and rigorous testing, hospitals are ideal for wastewater monitoring, revealing practicalities and limitations. This review updates global efforts in quantifying SARS-CoV-2 in hospital wastewater, considering hospitalization rates' influence on viral RNA levels and comparing disinfection methods. Insights gleaned from this study contribute to Wastewater-based Epidemiology (WBE) and can be applied to other virus strains, enhancing our understanding of disease transmission dynamics and aiding in public health response strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39614945, year = {2024}, author = {Farkas, K and Williams, RC and Hillary, LS and Garcia-Delgado, A and Jameson, E and Kevill, JL and Wade, MJ and Grimsley, JMS and Jones, DL}, title = {Harnessing the Power of Next-Generation Sequencing in Wastewater-Based Epidemiology and Global Disease Surveillance.}, journal = {Food and environmental virology}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {5}, pmid = {39614945}, issn = {1867-0342}, mesh = {*High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Humans ; *Wastewater/virology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/classification ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; Pandemics ; Global Health ; }, abstract = {Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a valuable surveillance tool for SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens globally, providing insights into community-level infections, including asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases. While most WBE programmes focus on quantitative pathogen assessment, next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches have enabled more detailed analyses, including variant and recombinant genotype identification for viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and poliovirus. Despite recent NGS advancements allowing for the detection of known and novel viruses in wastewater, many of these tools remain underutilised in routine WBE. This short review critically evaluates the applicability of common NGS tools in routine WBE programmes, assessing their capability for identifying emerging threats with epidemic or pandemic potential. Here, we provide evidence-based recommendations for integrating NGS techniques into WBE and the use of results for informed decision-making within a One Health framework, aiming to enhance global infectious disease surveillance and pandemic preparedness.}, }
@article {pmid39614066, year = {2025}, author = {Amrouche, T and Lammi, S and Drider, D}, title = {Probiotics and Prebiotics Intervention in Respiratory and Digestive Infections Linked to Covid-19.}, journal = {Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins}, volume = {17}, number = {3}, pages = {1356-1367}, pmid = {39614066}, issn = {1867-1314}, mesh = {*Probiotics/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; *Prebiotics/administration &amp; dosage ; Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Respiratory Tract Infections ; *Gastrointestinal Diseases/therapy ; Dysbiosis ; }, abstract = {Probiotics and prebiotics have been suggested as natural agents against viral infections and dysbiosis and may encourage clinical applications. This review aims to analyze the main and recent advances related to viral infections such as Covid-19 and its gastrointestinal complications, antiviral immunity generated and possible preventive role that probiotics and/or prebiotics can play in controlling and promoting antiviral immunity. The literature search was performed through a critical analysis of relevant publications reported in PubMed and Scopus databases on clinical trials and assays conducted in vitro on colon cells and in vivo on mice. Some studies using probiotics and prebiotics for the prevention of viral infection in different age groups are discussed. Covid-19 patients have been shown to suffer from gastrointestinal complications in addition to respiratory symptoms due to interactions between the respiratory system and the gastrointestinal tract infected with SARS-CoV-2. Unfortunately, therapies used to prevent (or treat) symptoms of Covid-19 have proven to be of limited effectiveness. In addition, the lack of access to coronavirus vaccines around the world and vaccine hesitancy continue to hamper control of Covid-19. It is therefore crucial to find alternative methods that can prevent disease symptoms. Evidence-based efficacy of certain probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) that may be useful in viral infections was shown with immunomodulatory properties (pro-inflammatory mediators reduction), promoting antiviral immunity (antibodies production, virus titers) and controlling inflammation (anti-inflammatory effect), as well as viral clearance and antimicrobial potential against opportunistic bacteria (anti-dysbiosis effect). But, available data about clinical application of probiotics in Covid-19 context remain limited and relevant scientific investigation is still in its early stages. Also, evidence for prebiotics potential in this field is limited, since the exact mechanism involved in systemic immune modulation by these compounds is till now unknown. Thus, further research is necessary to explore in the viral infection context the mechanism by which gut and lung interact in the presence of probiotics and prebiotics through more animal and clinical experiments.}, }
@article {pmid39613884, year = {2025}, author = {Huf, R and Andrees, N and Kagerbauer, S}, title = {[Everything flows, nothing stands still-Anesthesiology and intensive care medicine in the digital age].}, journal = {Die Anaesthesiologie}, volume = {74}, number = {3}, pages = {121-127}, pmid = {39613884}, issn = {2731-6866}, mesh = {Humans ; *Critical Care/trends/methods ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Anesthesiology/trends/methods ; Germany ; Telemedicine/trends ; *Digital Technology/trends ; }, abstract = {Anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine are innovative specialist areas that mainly use the advantages of digital documentation. However, to exploit the full potential of the digital age, more than conversion of paper-based documentation into digital formats is required. The German healthcare system needs to catch up; more than money is required to drive digitalisation forward. The willingness of all those involved to adapt to new circumstances is essential-a process known as 'digital transformation'.The drivers of digital transformation in medicine are the need for personalised therapies, technological advances, and shared decision-making between physicians and patients. However, humans should take centre stage in medicine; technology is only a means to an end.As data-driven research is becoming increasingly important, the FAIR principles must apply to routine data in the same way as it is propagated for research: Data must be findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. Utilising high-quality databases, decision support, and warning systems can be developed for early recognition and prevention of complications.Teleintensive care is a concrete expression of digital transformation. The COVID-19 pandemic paved the way for it to become standard care.Digital technologies in education and training are becoming increasingly popular. Virtual and augmented reality applications enable realistic training scenarios for trainee physicians and experienced teams.In the future, expanding the infrastructure and facilitating data exchange between all healthcare areas is essential. Applications must be reliable and secure, as cybercrime poses a severe threat to our hospitals, making vigilant IT departments and education in IT security crucial. In summary, digitalisation can make patient care safer and better if implemented correctly and involving all stakeholders.}, }
@article {pmid39613099, year = {2025}, author = {Navarro-Romero, F and Olalla-Sierra, J and Martín-Escalante, MD}, title = {Potential role of lung ultrasonography in outpatient follow-up of patients with COVID-19. A systematic review.}, journal = {Revista clinica espanola}, volume = {225}, number = {2}, pages = {101-110}, doi = {10.1016/j.rceng.2024.11.006}, pmid = {39613099}, issn = {2254-8874}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnostic imaging/complications ; Ultrasonography ; *Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Aftercare/methods ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Currently, the usefulness of lung ultrasound in the follow-up of patients after hospital discharge for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is not well known. The main objective of this systematic review is to investigate the persistence of alterations in lung ultrasound of patients who have had COVID-19 pneumonia.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review has been carried out following the PRISMA regulations in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar database from January 2020 to May 2023 using the combination of MeSH terms: "lung ultrasound", "ultrasonography", "lung alterations", "persistence", "follow-up", "consequences", "hospital discharge", "COVID", "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2". Studies were selected that described alterations in the lung ultrasound of patients after having suffered from COVID-19 pneumonia. The JBI Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the risk of bias of the studies. No meta-analysis techniques were performed, the results being compared narratively.<br><br>RESULTS: From two to six months after COVID-19 pneumonia, pulmonary ultrasound abnormalities appear frequently and are proportional to the intensity of the initial episode. The most frequent anomalies are irregularities in the pleural line, the presence of B lines and/or subpleural consolidations, predominantly in the basal regions of the thorax. These findings seem to correlate with those of the chest CT.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Lung ultrasound offers technical and economic advantages that should be considered for the study of patients after hospital discharge for COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid39613064, year = {2025}, author = {Behzadi, P and Chandran, D and Chakraborty, C and Bhattacharya, M and Saikumar, G and Dhama, K and Chakraborty, A and Mukherjee, S and Sarshar, M}, title = {The dual role of toll-like receptors in COVID-19: Balancing protective immunity and immunopathogenesis.}, journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules}, volume = {284}, number = {Pt 2}, pages = {137836}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137836}, pmid = {39613064}, issn = {1879-0003}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Signal Transduction/immunology ; *Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism/immunology ; }, abstract = {Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of human are considered as the most critical immunological mediators of inflammatory pathogenesis of COVID-19. These immunoregulatory glycoproteins are located on the surface and/or intracellular compartment act as innate immune sensors. Upon binding with distinct SARS-CoV-2 ligand(s), TLRs signal activation of different transcription factors that induce expression of the proinflammatory mediators that collectively induce 'cytokine storm'. Similarly, TLR activation is also pivotal in conferring protection to infection and invasion as well as upregulating the tissue repair pathways. This dual role of the human TLRs in deciding the fate of SARS-CoV-2 has made these receptor proteins as the critical mediators of immunoprotective and immunopathogenic consequences associated with COVID-19. Herein, pathbreaking discoveries exploring the immunobiological importance of the TLRs in COVID-19 and developing TLR-directed therapeutic intervention have been reviewed by accessing the up-to-date literatures available in the public domain/databases. In accordance with our knowledge in association with the importance of TLRs' role against viruses and identification of viral particles, they have been recognized as suitable candidates with high potential as vaccine adjuvants. In this regard, the agonists of TLR4 and TLR9 have effective potential in vaccine technology while the others need further investigations. This comprehensive review suggests that basal level expression of TLRs can act as friends to keep our body safe from strangers but act as a foe via overexpression. Therefore, selective inhibition of the overexpressed TLRs appears to be a solution to counteract the cytokine storm while TLR-agonists as vaccine adjuvants could lessen the risk of infection in the naïve population.}, }
@article {pmid39612608, year = {2025}, author = {Melis, P and Perra, A and Nardi, AE and Zreik, T and Preti, A and Carta, MG}, title = {The quality of information on anxiety-related websites: A systematic search about the most online item searched after Covid-19 pandemics.}, journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, volume = {181}, number = {}, pages = {144-150}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.11.049}, pmid = {39612608}, issn = {1879-1379}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; *Internet/standards ; *Consumer Health Information/standards ; *Anxiety/therapy ; Italy ; Search Engine ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The acquisition of health information via the internet has emerged as a prevalent approach within the general population and is likely to exert an influence on health decision-making processes. This study aims to evaluate the comprehensive quality of online information about anxiety treatment and management comparing websites in English, which is widely used for international scientific communication, and Italian, a popular local language. It was used a multidimensional methodology that assesses scientific quality of information; readability of the website; the technological quality of the website and the website's popularity ranking.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a systematic search on four widely used online search engines. Duplicated, unrelated websites, and scientific papers were excluded. The assessment included the use of several criteria and tools: the DISCERN scale, the JAMA benchmark criteria, adherence to the Health on the Net Code; the Nibbler tool; PageRank; and the Flesch Reading Ease test/the Gulpease readability index.<br><br>RESULTS: 78 websites in Italian and 60 in English were evaluated. Quality of information of the English websites was higher than that of the Italian ones, but only a small percentage of them reported high level information about all treatment types and shared decision-making process. Technological quality was higher in English websites. In general, all websites were difficult to read, requiring reading skills at the high school level or higher.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results can promote future guidelines to improve online health information. Users should be able to find information about all treatment types (pharmacological and psychosocial) in line with the current guidelines for the treatment and the management of anxiety disorders. This would help internet users to achieve a higher level of quality information.}, }
@article {pmid39612556, year = {2025}, author = {Link, EK and Tscherne, A and Sutter, G and Smith, ER and Gurwith, M and Chen, RT and Volz, A and , }, title = {A Brighton collaboration standardized template with key considerations for a benefit/risk assessment for a viral vector vaccine based on a non-replicating modified vaccinia virus Ankara viral vector.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {43}, number = {Pt 1}, pages = {126521}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126521}, pmid = {39612556}, issn = {1873-2518}, mesh = {*Vaccinia virus/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Animals ; *Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/immunology/genetics ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects/administration &amp; dosage ; *Genetic Vectors/immunology/genetics ; Risk Assessment ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention &amp; control/immunology ; }, abstract = {The Brighton Collaboration Benefit-Risk Assessment of VAccines by TechnolOgy (BRAVATO) was formed to evaluate the safety and other key features of new platform technology vaccines. This manuscript provides an overview of Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-vectored vaccines and reviews molecular and biological key features of this platform. In particular, this review aims to provide fundamental information about the promising candidate vaccine MVA-MERS-S which has been evaluated successfully in different preclinical animal models and has undergone clinical testing including a phase Ib study involving more than 170 participants. Infectious diseases continue to be a major cause of human death worldwide. In this context, emerging zoonotic infectious diseases pose a particular challenge for public health systems. In the last two decades, three different respiratory coronaviruses, including the Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have emerged. For many years, safe and efficacious vaccines have been a major tool to combat infectious diseases. Here, we report on a promising candidate vaccine (MVA-MERS-S) against MERS-CoV based on MVA. Upon application, MVA-MERS-S has been well tolerated and immunogenic, inducing both, cellular and humoral immune responses in different animal models and humans. We demonstrate that the MVA vector platform, with the example of MVA-MERS-S, is a viable and effective tool for producing safe, immunogenic, and efficient vaccines against emerging infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid39612460, year = {2024}, author = {Oshiro, N and Kinjo, T and Aharen, D and Kudo, Y and Katsuren, E and Omine, K and Nakamura, T and Zamami, R and Ishida, A and Miyagi, K and Nakamatsu, M and Yamamoto, K and Kusunose, K and Fujita, J and Ohya, Y and Kohagura, K}, title = {Efficacy and safety of early administration of remdesivir in hemodialysis patients with COVID-19: A case report and literature review.}, journal = {Medicine}, volume = {103}, number = {48}, pages = {e40650}, pmid = {39612460}, issn = {1536-5964}, mesh = {Humans ; *Alanine/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; *Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; *Renal Dialysis ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; Female ; COVID-19/complications/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; }, abstract = {RATIONALE: Although the mortality of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has decreased after the emergence of the Omicron variant, it remains high in patients on hemodialysis (HD). Remdesivir (RDV) is considered as the first line drug for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, however the evidence regarding the usage in HD patients is lacking because clinical trials of RDV have excluded HD patients for safety reasons. Thus, accumulation of knowledge on the regimen, efficacy, and tolerability of RDV in HD patients is important.<br><br>PATIENT CONCERNS: A nosocomial COVID-19 cluster was occurred from August 31 to October 12 in 2021 when the Delta variant was predominant. During the cluster, 11 health-care workers and 20 inpatients including 7 HD patients were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).<br><br>DIAGNOSES: The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2.<br><br>INTERVENTIONS: RDV was initiated within 16 hours after the onset of fever (&#x2265; 37.4&#xb0;C) or positive PCR result in all HD patients, and continued at 100&#x2009;mg/day intravenously once daily for either consecutive 5 or 10 days.<br><br>OUTCOMES: All patients fully recovered within 2 weeks and did not develop severe COVID-19. Two patients experienced mild liver dysfunction, but it was temporary and remitted spontaneously even continuing RDV treatment. Discontinuation of RDV therapy due to adverse events was not required in any patients.<br><br>LESSONS: Present cases indicated early intervention with RDV may contribute the favorable outcome and daily administration of RDV for up to 10 days was well tolerated even in HD patients. Literature review showed no previous article reported the efficacy and safety of such earlier and longer administration of remdesivir as in the present cases, therefore this report is informative for clinicians to consider the usage of RDV in HD patients.}, }
@article {pmid39611250, year = {2025}, author = {Núñez-Cortés, R and López-Bueno, R and Torres-Castro, R and Calatayud, J and Del Pozo Cruz, B}, title = {Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors according to Life's Essential 8 in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 1 526 173 participants from 42 countries.}, journal = {Pediatric obesity}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {e13190}, pmid = {39611250}, issn = {2047-6310}, mesh = {Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Diet/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Exercise ; *Heart Disease Risk Factors ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular health is a crucial aspect of overall health. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the Life's Essential 8 domains.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched until 24 February 2023. Studies had to meet the following criteria: (1) observational studies, (2) studies reporting proportion of selected risk factors, (3) studies involving children or adolescents, (4) studies that collected data during the COVID-19 pandemic and (5) studies with representative samples. The outcomes included were diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and elevated blood pressure.<br><br>RESULTS: Sixty-two studies with 1&#x2009;526&#x2009;173 participants from 42 countries were included. Of these, 41 studies were used in the meta-analyses. The overall pooled prevalence of risk factors in the behavioural domain was as follows: poor quality diet 26.69% (95% CI 0.00%-85.64%), inadequate physical activity 70.81% (95% CI 64.41%-76.83%), nicotine exposure 9.24% (95% CI 5.53%-13.77%) and sleep disorders 33.49% (95% CI 25.24%-42.28%). The overall pooled prevalence of risk factors in the health domain was as follows: obesity 16.21% (95% CI 12.71%-20.04%), dyslipidaemia 1.87% (95% CI 1.73%-2.01%), diabetes 1.17% (95% CI 0.83%-1.58%) and elevated blood pressure 11.87% (95% CI 0.26%-36.50%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the need for prevention strategies to maintain better cardiovascular health from an early age, particularly by increasing physical activity levels, sleep time and promoting the consumption of more fruits and vegetables.}, }
@article {pmid39611151, year = {2024}, author = {Chen, S and Cai, M and Tan, G and Guo, R and Liang, Q and Li, H and Liu, X}, title = {Case report: Intravascular large B cell lymphoma mimicking acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: diagnostic value of advanced MRI techniques and the literature review with the assistance of ChatGPT.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {15}, number = {}, pages = {1478163}, pmid = {39611151}, issn = {1664-3224}, mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *COVID-19/complications/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis/drug therapy ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Reinfection ; }, abstract = {The intravascular large B cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare subtype of lymphoma. The IVBCL is usually found with systemic involvement, with a relative predilection for skin and the central nervous system (CNS), followed by a rapidly progressive course and poor prognosis with a high mortality rate. IVLBCL is difficult to diagnose based on conventional MRI alone. Herein, we presented a previously healthy 59-year-old woman who developed hemiparesis and altered mental status after her reinfection of SARS-CoV-2. The initial MRI revealed non-enhancing lesions in the splenium of the corpus callosum (CC), periventricular, and bilateral subcortical white matter with hyperintensity on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). The patient was diagnosed with subacute infarction, and she was treated with antithrombotic therapy. Her neurological symptoms continued to deteriorate, and she developed unconsciousness. Her CSF test showed elevated white cell count and positive oligoclonal bands. The follow-up MRI was scanned 16 days later. Compared to the initial MRI, the periventricular and bilateral subcortical lesions enlarged on conventional MRI. The post-contrast 3D black blood Cube images demonstrated multiple parenchymal and diffuse meningeal enhancements and 3D arterial spin labeling showed increased perfusion in the CC splenium. These findings suggested the differential diagnosis of acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, versus intravascular lymphoma. After the treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone, her symptoms significantly improved. The second follow-up MRI two weeks later detected a new unenhanced lesion in the left temporal lobe. A brain biopsy was performed and IVLBCL was diagnosed. We reviewed the brain MRI findings of IVLBCL in the literature with the assistance of ChatGPT. Although less specific, the imaging features including "high signal lesions on DWI, meningeal thickening and enhancement, and masslike lesions" highly suggested the possibility of IVLBCL. The biopsy should be planned after imaging progression. The association between IVLBCL and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is undefined.}, }
@article {pmid39610334, year = {2025}, author = {Shoham, S and Focosi, D and Franchini, M and Atamna, A}, title = {Novel approaches for preventing COVID-19 infection in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies.}, journal = {Expert review of hematology}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {39-46}, doi = {10.1080/17474086.2024.2436973}, pmid = {39610334}, issn = {1747-4094}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/epidemiology/immunology ; *Hematologic Neoplasms/immunology/complications/therapy ; *Immunocompromised Host ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use/administration &amp; dosage ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods ; Vaccination ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is a continuing challenge for immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies. Such patients are at increased risk for complications, including hospitalization, respiratory failure, delayed anti-cancer therapies, and even death. In addition to non-pharmacologic interventions, the main strategies for prevention in such patients are vaccination and pre-exposure prophylaxis.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: In this narrative review, which relied on a review of the PubMed and bioRxiv databases (starting 1 November 2019), we summarize the epidemiology of COVID-19 and vaccine responses in patients with hematological malignancies and the use of antiviral agents as prophylaxis. A limitation to vaccination is suboptimal immune responses in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with abnormalities in lymphocyte count and function. A limitation to prophylaxis, which has only been proven effective for antiviral monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), is the emergence of resistant strains in the general population.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: For immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies, we recommend vaccinations as guided by evolving US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations, consideration of pre-exposure prophylaxis with antiviral mAbs, providing that they are effective against circulating viral strains, and rapid diagnostic testing linked to early therapy for the prevention of severe complications of COVID-19 in those who have broken through the prevention strategies.}, }
@article {pmid39610148, year = {2025}, author = {Ojukwu, E and Pashaei, A and Maia, JC and Omobhude, OF and Tawfik, A and Nguyen, Y}, title = {Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the HIV care continuum and associated factors in middle-income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review.}, journal = {HIV medicine}, volume = {26}, number = {3}, pages = {350-381}, doi = {10.1111/hiv.13739}, pmid = {39610148}, issn = {1468-1293}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/therapy ; *Continuity of Patient Care ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Developing Countries ; Health Services Accessibility ; Pandemics ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The HIV care continuum during the COVID-19 era faced specific challenges. The pandemic, affecting the delivery of HIV care, exacerbated existing healthcare inequities and vulnerabilities in middle-income countries with limited financial resources. This study aims to set the stage for the systematic review, focusing on the impact of COVID-19 on HIV care in middle-income countries with a focus on barriers and facilitators.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search of relevant literature, including electronic databases and manual assessment of references, was done. The review included quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies conducted in middle-income countries, with no age or gender restrictions. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for reporting the results.<br><br>RESULTS: In the course of our systematic review, a comprehensive examination of the pertinent literature published between 2020 and 2024 yielded a total of 76 studies. This adverse impact was prominently attributed to an amalgamation of factors intrinsically associated with pandemic-induced restrictions, fear of contracting the COVID-19 and fear of disclosing HIV status. Moreover, an emergent theme observed in select studies underscored the enduring trend of HIV treatment continuity, which was facilitated by the burgeoning utilization of telemedicine within this context.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The pandemic negatively affected income and increased vulnerability to HIV across all phases of the HIV care continuum, except for viral suppression. Prevention measures, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), were compromised, leading to increased risky behaviours and compromised mental health among people living with HIV. HIV testing and diagnosis faced challenges, with reduced access and frequency, particularly among key populations. The pandemic also disrupted linkage and retention in care, especially in urban areas, exacerbating barriers to accessing necessary HIV treatment. Additionally, this review highlights the complex and multifaceted landscape of the pandemic's impact on HIV medical appointments, adherence and treatment engagement, with various barriers identified, including fear of COVID-19, economic constraints and disruptions in healthcare services.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of pandemics has had negative effects on the HIV care continuum, with restrictions on services, an increase in care gaps and a break in the transmission chain in middle-income countries.}, }
@article {pmid39609773, year = {2024}, author = {Taubert, F and Meyer-Hoeven, G and Schmid, P and Gerdes, P and Betsch, C}, title = {Conspiracy narratives and vaccine hesitancy: a scoping review of prevalence, impact, and interventions.}, journal = {BMC public health}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {3325}, pmid = {39609773}, issn = {1471-2458}, mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration &amp; dosage ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/psychology ; Narration ; Prevalence ; Intention ; Vaccination/psychology/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; }, abstract = {Believing conspiracy narratives is frequently assumed to be a major cause of vaccine hesitancy, i.e., the tendency to forgo vaccination despite its availability. In this scoping review, we synthesise and critically evaluate studies that assess i) the occurrence of vaccine-related conspiracy narratives on the internet, ii) the prevalence of belief in vaccine-related conspiracy narratives, iii) the relationship between belief in conspiracy narratives and vaccination intention or vaccination uptake, and iv) interventions that reduce the impact of conspiracy narratives on vaccination intention.In July 2022, we conducted a literature search using three databases: PubMed, PsychInfo, and Web of Science. Following the PRISMA approach, of the 500 initially identified articles, 205 were eligible and analysed.The majority of identified studies were conducted in Europe and North America, were published in 2021 and 2022, and investigated conspiracy narratives around the COVID-19 vaccination. The prevalence of belief in various vaccine-related conspiracy narratives varied greatly across studies, from 2 to 77%. We identified seven experimental studies investigating the effect of exposure to conspiracy narratives on vaccination intentions, of which six indicated a small negative effect. These findings are complemented by the evidence from over 100 correlative studies showing a significant negative relationship between conspiracy beliefs and vaccination intention or uptake. Additionally, the review identified interventions (e.g., social norm feedback, fact-checking labels, or prebunking) that decreased beliefs in vaccine-related conspiracy narratives and, in some cases, also increased vaccination intentions. Yet, these interventions had only small effects.In summary, the review revealed that vaccine-related conspiracy narratives have spread to varying degrees and can influence vaccination decisions. Causal relationships between conspiracy beliefs and vaccination intentions remain underexplored. Further, the review identified a need for more research on interventions that can reduce the impact of conspiracy narratives.}, }
@article {pmid39609422, year = {2024}, author = {Grijsen, ML and Nguyen, TH and Pinheiro, RO and Singh, P and Lambert, SM and Walker, SL and Geluk, A}, title = {Leprosy.}, journal = {Nature reviews. Disease primers}, volume = {10}, number = {1}, pages = {90}, pmid = {39609422}, issn = {2056-676X}, mesh = {Humans ; *Leprosy/diagnosis/epidemiology/drug therapy ; *Mycobacterium leprae/pathogenicity/isolation &amp; purification ; Leprostatic Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnosis ; }, abstract = {Leprosy, a neglected tropical disease, causes significant morbidity in marginalized communities. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, annual new case detection plateaued for over a decade at ~200,000 new cases. The clinical phenotypes of leprosy strongly parallel host immunity to its causative agents Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. The resulting spectrum spans from paucibacillary leprosy, characterized by vigorous pro-inflammatory immunity with few bacteria, to multibacillary leprosy, harbouring large numbers of bacteria with high levels of seemingly non-protective, anti-M. leprae antibodies. Leprosy diagnosis remains clinical, leaving asymptomatic individuals with infection undetected. Antimicrobial treatment is effective with recommended multidrug therapy for 6 months for paucibacillary leprosy and 12 months for multibacillary leprosy. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 6 years, although longer periods have been described. Given this lengthy incubation period and dwindling clinical expertise, there is an urgent need to create innovative, low-complexity diagnostic tools for detection of M. leprae infection. Such advancements are vital for enabling swift therapeutic and preventive interventions, ultimately transforming patient outcomes. National health-care programmes should prioritize early case detection and consider post-exposure prophylaxis for individuals in close contact with affected persons. These measures will help interrupt transmission, prevent disease progression, and mitigate the risk of nerve damage and disabilities to achieve the WHO goal 'Towards Zero Leprosy' and reduce the burden of leprosy.}, }
@article {pmid39609037, year = {2025}, author = {Al-Omoush, O and Khalil, L and Ramadan, A and Tarakhan, H and Alzoubi, A and Nabil, A and Hajali, M and Abdelazeem, B and Saleh, O}, title = {Sarcoidosis and COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series.}, journal = {Reviews in medical virology}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {e70011}, doi = {10.1002/rmv.70011}, pmid = {39609037}, issn = {1099-1654}, mesh = {Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *COVID-19/prevention &amp; control/immunology/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology/administration &amp; dosage ; *Sarcoidosis/etiology/immunology ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; }, abstract = {COVID-19 vaccines play a cru