@article {pmid41097095,
year = {2025},
author = {Russell, T and Formiconi, E and Casey, M and McElroy, M and Mallon, PWG and Gautier, VW},
title = {Viral Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for One Health Discovery and Surveillance of (Re)Emerging Viruses: A Deep Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26199831},
pmid = {41097095},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {101132970//European Commission/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Metagenomics/methods ; *High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Animals ; One Health ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology/epidemiology ; *Viruses/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Genome, Viral ; Zoonoses/virology ; },
abstract = {Viral metagenomic next-generation sequencing (vmNGS) has transformed our capacity for the untargeted detection and characterisation of (re)emerging zoonotic viruses, surpassing the limitations of traditional targeted diagnostics. In this review, we critically evaluate the current landscape of vmNGS, highlighting its integration within the One Health paradigm and its application to the surveillance and discovery of (re)emerging viruses at the human-animal-environment interface. We provide a detailed overview of vmNGS workflows including sample selection, nucleic acid extraction, host depletion, virus enrichment, sequencing platforms, and bioinformatic pipelines, all tailored to maximise sensitivity and specificity for diverse sample types. Through selected case studies, including SARS-CoV-2, mpox, Zika virus, and a novel henipavirus, we illustrate the impact of vmNGS in outbreak detection, genomic surveillance, molecular epidemiology, and the development of diagnostics and vaccines. The review further examines the relative strengths and limitations of vmNGS in both passive and active surveillance, addressing barriers such as cost, infrastructure requirements, and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. By integrating molecular, ecological, and public health perspectives, vmNGS stands as a central tool for early warning, comprehensive monitoring, and informed intervention against (re)emerging viral threats, underscoring its critical role in global pandemic preparedness and zoonotic disease control.},
}

Humans
*Metagenomics/methods
*High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods
Animals
One Health
*Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology/epidemiology
*Viruses/genetics
SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Genome, Viral
Zoonoses/virology

@article {pmid41096974,
year = {2025},
author = {Lagostena, L and Minicozzi, V and Meucci, M and Gradogna, A and Milenkovic, S and Palombi, F and Ceccarelli, M and Filippini, A and Carpaneto, A},
title = {The Two-Pore Channel 2 in Human Physiology and Diseases: Functional Characterisation and Pharmacology.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26199708},
pmid = {41096974},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/metabolism/virology ; Neoplasms/metabolism/drug therapy ; *Calcium Channels/metabolism/chemistry ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Calcium Signaling ; *Calcium Release Activated Calcium Channels/metabolism/chemistry ; Two-Pore Channels ; },
abstract = {Two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) is a member of the endolysosomal ion channel family, playing critical roles in intracellular calcium signaling and endomembrane dynamics. This review provides an in-depth analysis of TPC2, covering its structural and functional properties, physiological roles, and involvement in human diseases. We discuss current experimental approaches to studying TPC2, including heterologous expression in plant vacuoles and computational modeling strategies. Particular emphasis is placed on the structural determinants of ion permeation, with a focus on the selectivity filter and the central cavity's influence on channel kinetics. Furthermore, we explore emerging roles of TPC2 in viral infections, particularly SARS-CoV-2, and in cancer, including melanoma progression and neoangiogenesis. The inhibitory potential of natural compounds, such as naringenin, is also examined. By offering a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and methodologies, this review underscores the potential of TPC2 as a promising pharmacological target in both infectious and neoplastic diseases.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/metabolism/virology
Neoplasms/metabolism/drug therapy
*Calcium Channels/metabolism/chemistry
Animals
SARS-CoV-2
Calcium Signaling
*Calcium Release Activated Calcium Channels/metabolism/chemistry
Two-Pore Channels

@article {pmid41096893,
year = {2025},
author = {McCarthy, MW and Chong, C and Riedemann, NC and Guo, R},
title = {A Targeted Blockade of Terminal C5a Is Critical to Management of Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Mechanism of Action of Vilobelimab.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26199628},
pmid = {41096893},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {N/A//Inflarx (Germany)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy ; *Sepsis/drug therapy ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Complement C5a/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Vilobelimab, a first-in-class, human-mouse chimeric immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) kappa monoclonal antibody, targets human complement component 5a (C5a) in plasma. Unlike upstream complement inhibitors, vilobelimab does not inhibit the generation of the membrane attack complex (C5b-9), necessary to mitigate certain infections. C5a is a strong anaphylatoxin and chemotactic agent that plays an essential role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Elevated levels of C5a have been associated with pathologic processes, including sepsis and inflammatory respiratory disorders such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Blocking C5a with vilobelimab has shown therapeutic promise. A randomized, multicenter placebo-controlled Phase III study of vilobelimab in patients with severe COVID-19 (PANAMO) found that patients treated with vilobelimab had a significantly lower risk of death by day 28 and 60. Based on this study, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for Gohibic[®] (vilobelimab) injection for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized adults when initiated within 48 h of receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In January 2025, the European Commission (EC) granted marketing authorization for Gohibic[®] (vilobelimab) for the treatment of adult patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced ARDS who are receiving systemic corticosteroids as part of standard of care and receiving IMV with or without ECMO. Herein, we review the mechanism of action of vilobelimab in selectively inhibiting C5a-induced inflammation, outlining its bench-to-bedside development from the fundamental biology of the complement system and preclinical evidence through to the clinical data demonstrating its life-saving potential in the management of COVID-19-induced ARDS.},
}

Humans
*Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy
*Sepsis/drug therapy
*Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use/pharmacology
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*Complement C5a/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
Animals

@article {pmid41096176,
year = {2025},
author = {Bankov, D and Kostadinova, N and Marinova, J},
title = {The Way of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia-An Early-Pandemic Review of the Key Manifestations and Severity.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm14197096},
pmid = {41096176},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {The disease COVID-19, which has befallen mankind in recent years, was a challenge that we had not faced for centuries. The first registered patient case was in China. This review is performed by the inspection of a large body of worldwide investigations conducted in the peak period of the disease's progress. The disease is spread by airborne droplets and develops mainly with fever, cough, sputum, and shortness of breath. Laboratory tests show leukopenia, lymphopenia, a decrease in the levels of sodium, potassium, and calcium, and an increase in the levels of CRP, LDH, and D-dimer. Radiological changes in most cases are bilateral and of the "ground glass" type in the lower parts of the lungs. The most severe complication of COVID-19 pneumonia is ARDS. The risk groups are people with chronic lung diseases, the elderly, and those who are overweight. This article analyzes and summarizes the main characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in order to better understand and apply better clinical management of this condition.},
}

@article {pmid41096157,
year = {2025},
author = {Wołowiec, Ł and Osiak-Gwiazdowska, J and Jaśniak, A and Mucha, W and Wojtaluk, M and Czerniecka, W and Wołowiec, A and Banach, J and Grześk, G},
title = {Colchicine in Contemporary Pharmacotherapy: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Horizons.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm14197078},
pmid = {41096157},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Colchicine, a natural alkaloid, has emerged as a promising anti-inflammatory therapy with applications in cardiovascular diseases, dermatological conditions, and COVID-19 management. Its mechanisms, including the modulation of neutrophil activity, the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the mitigation of cytokine storms, have expanded its therapeutic potential beyond traditional uses. This review synthesizes current evidence on colchicine's clinical applications and mechanisms of action. In cardiovascular medicine, colchicine has been shown to reduce risks of pericarditis, coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. In dermatology, most evidence derives from small-scale studies, case series, and retrospective analyses, suggesting potential benefits in conditions such as leukocytoclastic vasculitis, cutaneous amyloidosis, and pemphigus, although these findings require confirmation through randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Emerging studies also indicate a potential role for colchicine in improving outcomes in severe COVID-19. Overall, colchicine demonstrates broad therapeutic utility, warranting further research to clarify its effectiveness across diverse clinical settings.},
}

@article {pmid41096088,
year = {2025},
author = {Cotet, IG and Mateescu, DM and Ilie, AC and Guse, C and Pah, AM and Badalica-Petrescu, M and Iurciuc, S and Craciun, ML and Buleu, F and Tudoran, C},
title = {Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Myocarditis Prevalence and Diagnostics in COVID-19:Acute, Post-COVID, and MIS-C (2020-2025).},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm14197008},
pmid = {41096088},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background: Myocarditis is a recognized complication of COVID-19, but prevalence estimates vary by disease phase and diagnostic method. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 54 studies including 32,500 patients, stratified by acute COVID-19, post-COVID, and MIS-C phases. Results: The pooled prevalence of myocarditis was 1.2% (95% CI: 0.8-1.6) in acute COVID-19, 7.4% (95% CI: 5.1-9.8) in post-COVID, and 39.8% (95% CI: 32.4-47.2) in MIS-C. CMR-based diagnosis yielded higher prevalence than clinical criteria (8.1% vs. 0.9%). Major cardiac outcomes included reduced LVEF in 22% and ventricular arrhythmias in 15% of cases. Heterogeneity across studies remained high (I[2] = 98%). Conclusions: Myocarditis prevalence in COVID-19 varies widely across phases and diagnostic methods. Findings suggest a need for cautious screening approaches, particularly in MIS-C and selected post-COVID or athlete populations, while emphasizing the importance of standardized reporting and long-term follow-up data.},
}

@article {pmid41096079,
year = {2025},
author = {Sandu, A and Bratu, D and Mihețiu, A and Serban, D and Tănăsescu, C},
title = {Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hematoma in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: Diagnostic and Management Challenges-A Literature Review.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm14196999},
pmid = {41096079},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background: Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematomas constitute a rare clinical entity, yet their incidence has markedly increased during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The pathophysiological substrate is incompletely elucidated, being influenced by anticoagulant therapy, vascular inflammatory alterations induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and comorbidities in critically ill patients that exacerbate hemorrhagic risk. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature review of published case reports and case series on spontaneous retroperitoneal hematomas in COVID-19 patients, complemented by our institutional experience, in order to synthesize current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Results: Available evidence indicates that most cases occur in anticoagulated patients, with clinical manifestations often limited to nonspecific abdominal or lumbar pain. Diagnosis relies primarily on contrast-enhanced CT imaging. Reported therapeutic strategies include conservative management, endovascular embolization, and surgical intervention, with outcomes ranging from complete recovery to fatal progression, particularly in elderly and comorbid individuals. Conclusions: Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematomas in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Early recognition, prompt imaging, and individualized multidisciplinary management are essential, while further research is needed to clarify incidence, risk factors, and preventive strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41095193,
year = {2025},
author = {Muchtaridi, M and Lestyawan, S and Fakhirah, MA and Rusdin, A and Salsabila, S and Megantara, S and Subarnas, A and Khairul Ikram, NK},
title = {Therapeutic Potential of Erythrina Genus: Bioactive Phytoconstituents with Potent Antiviral and Antimicrobial Activities.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants14193053},
pmid = {41095193},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2097/UN6.0ffU.00/2025//Universitas Padjadjaran/ ; },
abstract = {Infectious diseases present a significant global health challenge, further exacerbated by the rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the limited availability of effective antiviral and antimicrobial agents. The Erythrina genus has garnered scientific interest due to its diverse array of bioactive phytoconstituents, with potential therapeutic relevance. This review aims to synthesize and critically assess the existing literature on the antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiplasmodial properties of Erythrina species. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Relevant studies were identified through keyword searches combining pathogen-specific terms with "Erythrina". The extracted data were categorized based on the pathogen type and its associated bioactive compounds. Several Erythrina species exhibited substantial antiviral activity against prominent viral pathogens, such as HIV and SARS-CoV-2. Notably, strong antibacterial efficacy was observed against Staphylococcus aureus, including multidrug-resistant strains. Antifungal activity was most pronounced against Candida albicans, while potent antiplasmodial effects were reported against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. These pharmacological effects were predominantly attributed to prenylated flavonoids, isoflavones, pterocarpans, and erythrina-type alkaloids. Further mechanistic studies and in vivo evaluations are essential to fully assess their clinical efficacy and support the development of plant-derived antimicrobial agents.},
}

@article {pmid41094663,
year = {2025},
author = {Lemarchand, P and Pape, M and Schwarz, J},
title = {Understanding sex and gender disparities in COVID-19 mortality: a narrative review beyond biology.},
journal = {Biology of sex differences},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {76},
pmid = {41094663},
issn = {2042-6410},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality ; Female ; Male ; *Health Status Disparities ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sex Factors ; *Sex Characteristics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Men have consistently experienced higher COVID-19 mortality than women across most countries and time periods, prompting widespread investigation into potential biological causes. Early research focused on sex-related genetic, hormonal, and immunological mechanisms to explain these disparities.

MAIN BODY: This narrative review traces the evolution of scientific explanations for women/men mortality differences in COVID-19, from early biological hypotheses to more nuanced gendered and intersectional models. While some studies suggest sex-linked genetic variants, chromosomal mechanisms, or hormone-regulated expression of viral entry receptors might partially explain men's higher mortality, the overall evidence remains inconsistent and inconclusive. Increasingly, attention has shifted to social and structural factors, including occupational exposure, pre-existing health conditions, healthcare access, and behaviors, that can differently shape vulnerability to COVID-19 in women and men. Data disaggregated by gender and race further revealed significant heterogeneity in outcomes, underscoring the influence of intersecting axes of inequality. International comparisons suggested that gender inequality at the societal level was associated with wider women/men COVID-19 mortality gaps. Analyses that overlook the interaction between sex- and gender-related factors and their intersection with racial disparities and socioeconomic status risk obscuring the underlying drivers of COVID-19 disparities.

CONCLUSION: Sex-related biological factors may have influenced COVID-19 outcomes, but they do not adequately account for the observed differences in mortality between women and men. Approaching the study of health inequities through a gendered, intersectional framework is essential for accurately identifying and addressing underlying risk factors, and for better understanding how sex- and gender-related factors may interact, not only in COVID-19, but across a broad range of health conditions.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/mortality
Female
Male
*Health Status Disparities
SARS-CoV-2
Sex Factors
*Sex Characteristics

@article {pmid41094650,
year = {2025},
author = {D'Angelo, S and Zaballa, E and Ntani, G and Bloom, I and Walker-Bone, K},
title = {The impact of changes to work circumstances enforced by COVID-19 on anxiety: a systematic review.},
journal = {Systematic reviews},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {195},
pmid = {41094650},
issn = {2046-4053},
support = {22090/VAC_/Versus Arthritis/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Anxiety/epidemiology/psychology ; *Employment/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Middle Aged ; *Unemployment/psychology ; Adult ; Return to Work/psychology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic enforced changes on employment circumstances for all workers but older workers experiencing job loss are less likely to return to work than younger individuals. Under normal circumstances, job loss is a well-recognised risk factor for poor mental health, while it is unclear whether working from home is beneficial or harmful to mental health. We systematically reviewed the literature to explore the association between enforced changes in employment (job loss, working from home or being furloughed) and anxiety in the adult population, with a particular focus on older workers.

METHODS: The protocol was registered in June 2021 in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL (January 2020-July 2023) databases for studies including older adults (some of the study sample were workers aged over 50 years). Results were presented by narrative review, complemented by a vote-counting technique and effect direction plots to summarise the relationship between exposures and anxiety.

RESULTS: Forty-eight studies from several countries met the inclusion criteria, including 39 cross-sectional and nine longitudinal studies. The prevalence of anxiety varied between studies due to different tools and cut-offs chosen, reaching as high as 63% in one study. The vote-counting method showed convincing evidence that job loss since lockdown negatively impacted anxiety overall and among people aged 50 and over. Inconsistent results were observed across studies investigating the effect of working from home or furlough on anxiety.

CONCLUSION: Disruption of employment during the pandemic and related lockdowns has increased anxiety levels in the adult population and among older workers. More research is needed to know how persistent these effects are and to identify strategies to support those most affected.

The protocol of the systematic review was registered in June 2021 in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews database (PROSPERO: CRD42021260499), and it is provided as supporting information (Additional File 1).},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
*Anxiety/epidemiology/psychology
*Employment/psychology
SARS-CoV-2
Middle Aged
*Unemployment/psychology
Adult
Return to Work/psychology

@article {pmid41094377,
year = {2025},
author = {Arab, Z and Shayanfar, N and Mojaver, MR and Khormali, M and Boskabady, MH and Niazmand, S},
title = {Cardiopulmonary crosstalk in Long COVID: a systematic review of emerging evidence.},
journal = {BMC cardiovascular disorders},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {742},
pmid = {41094377},
issn = {1471-2261},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/physiopathology/complications ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology ; *Pulmonary Fibrosis/physiopathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Long COVID is a complex, multisystem syndrome with significant cardiopulmonary implications. Persistent inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and microvascular injury contribute to prolonged symptoms such as dyspnea, chest pain, and exercise intolerance. Despite growing recognition of these complications, the underlying mechanisms of cardiopulmonary interactions remain poorly understood.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science covering studies from 2019 to 2025. Keywords included "Long COVID", "cardiopulmonary interaction", "pulmonary fibrosis", "myocardial inflammation", and "endothelial dysfunction". A total of 102 articles were included, comprising 65 original research studies and 37 review articles.

RESULTS: Pulmonary sequelae, such as fibrotic remodeling, persistent hypoxia, and microthrombosis, impose significant strain on the cardiovascular system, exacerbating myocardial inflammation, arrhythmias, and endothelial dysfunction. Shared mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, and neurohumoral activation, create a vicious cycle of sustained cardiopulmonary impairment. The disruption of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) further contributes to systemic vascular dysregulation.

CONCLUSION: A deeper understanding of cardiopulmonary interactions in Long COVID is essential for developing effective management strategies. Targeting inflammatory pathways, restoring endothelial function, and addressing autonomic instability may provide therapeutic benefits. As the long-term impact of this syndrome continues to evolve, further research is needed to refine treatment approaches and mitigate its burden on global health.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/physiopathology/complications
Renin-Angiotensin System
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
SARS-CoV-2
*Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
*Pulmonary Fibrosis/physiopathology

@article {pmid41093597,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, Y and Kim, I},
title = {Medical certification in sickness benefit schemes (I): theoretical perspectives and return-to-work.},
journal = {Annals of occupational and environmental medicine},
volume = {37},
number = {},
pages = {e23},
doi = {10.35371/aoem.2025.37.e23},
pmid = {41093597},
issn = {2052-4374},
abstract = {This study explores the theoretical foundations and practical applications of medical certification within the sickness benefit systems, particularly in the context of Korea's pilot program and its planned national rollout. While sickness benefit systems have long existed in many Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, Korea has only recently initiated pilot projects, largely prompted by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. These systems aim to compensate for income loss due to illness or injury, and medical certification plays a central role in determining eligibility and work ability. This study defines medical certification as a two-stage process: clinical diagnosis and formal assessment of a worker's ability to return-to-work. The dual nature highlights the distinct objectives of the medical treatment and social security policies. Drawing on international practices, this study reviews the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a key global framework for assessing disability and work ability, although it acknowledges the limitations of its application to sickness benefits. The research emphasizes a shift in global trends toward return-to-work-oriented certification models, such as the UK's "fit note" system, which focuses on evaluating fitness-for-work rather than merely documenting illness. Sweden and Japan also offer models that integrate rehabilitation with flexible work accommodations. Three key issues were identified in Korea's system: the role of medical certification and concerns about moral hazard, the burden of proof and workload on physicians, and public perceptions of the program's purpose. We believe that medical certification should not only verify illness but also support early intervention and a healthy workforce. Ultimately, this study advocates for a balanced and efficient medical certification system tailored to Korea's healthcare context closely aligning with labor market policies to ensure long-term sustenance and integration of the sickness benefit program.},
}

@article {pmid41093340,
year = {2025},
author = {Petka-Nosal, N and Bielska, IA and Badora-Musiał, K and Nowak-Zając, K and Domagała, A and Gałązka-Sobotka, M and Kowalska-Bobko, I},
title = {Skill mix changes in healthcare professions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e100024},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2025-100024},
pmid = {41093340},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Health Occupations ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The objective of the scoping review was to systematise the existing knowledge about skill mix changes among the healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic.

DESIGN: Scoping review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Review.

DATA SOURCES: Five databases including CINAHL Ultimate, Web of Science, Medline, Embase and Scopus were searched in August 2024.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: The review encompassed original research studies published from January 2020 to August 2024, on the skill mix of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quantitative and qualitative studies were included without geographical or linguistic restrictions.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were independently extracted by two researchers, capturing details such as publication year, study title, country, target population, study purpose and methodology, sample size, analysed variables, results and recommendations.

RESULTS: A total of 13 563 records were identified in the databases of which 3962 remained for abstract review. 32 articles were included in the final analysis. 17 of the 32 papers were from Western and Southern Europe. The healthcare professions which were described in the studies were physicians, nurses, midwives, paramedics, pharmacists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and medical assistants, of which the majority of the studies were conducted among nurses (n=16), pharmacists (n=11) and physicians (n=6). Most studies (n=9) concerned the adding of new tasks/roles and reallocating tasks in combination with teamwork (n=8). Research covered a range of topics, including psychological aspects of work, patient safety, work reorganisation, training and collaboration. Many studies focused on the challenges related to skill mix, such as the blurring of responsibilities and role ambiguity.

CONCLUSIONS: The research summarised in this review demonstrates the impact of implementing skill mix changes on healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the area of mental health. The research highlights the importance of adaptation in response to pressures among healthcare professions and the entire system. Further research is needed to examine the long-term impact of skill mix on healthcare workers across regions and professions in crisis situations.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Health Personnel/psychology
SARS-CoV-2
*Health Occupations
Pandemics

@article {pmid40189291,
year = {2025},
author = {Tome, R and Arima, S and Akamine, M and Hashioka, H and Arakaki, W and Kami, W and Nabeya, D and Ideguchi, S and Nakamura, H and Kinjo, T and Nakamatsu, M and Furugen, M and Miyagi, K and Haranaga, S and Yamamoto, K},
title = {Varicella-zoster Virus Reactivation with Severe Pneumonia Following Convalescence from Coronavirus Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review.},
journal = {Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)},
volume = {64},
number = {20},
pages = {3051-3056},
doi = {10.2169/internalmedicine.4932-24},
pmid = {40189291},
issn = {1349-7235},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Aged ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Herpesvirus 3, Human/physiology ; *Virus Activation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Convalescence ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *Pneumonia, Viral/virology/diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Acyclovir/therapeutic use ; *Varicella Zoster Virus Infection/diagnosis/virology/complications/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {An association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and concomitant varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation has been proposed. We herein report a case of severe VZV pneumonia in a 73-year-old man who underwent corticosteroid tapering after recovering from COVID-19 and presented with fever, vesicular rashes, and hypoxemia. Chest computed tomography revealed ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and multiple granular shadows. Varicella-zoster virus was detected in the skin and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The patient was diagnosed with disseminated VZV reactivation and thereafter successfully recovered with acyclovir treatment. Physicians should consider the possibility of VZV reactivation when GGOs or patchy nodular shadows appear during the course of patients with COVID-19.},
}

Humans
Male
Aged
*COVID-19/complications
*Herpesvirus 3, Human/physiology
*Virus Activation
SARS-CoV-2
Convalescence
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
*Pneumonia, Viral/virology/diagnosis
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Acyclovir/therapeutic use
*Varicella Zoster Virus Infection/diagnosis/virology/complications/drug therapy

@article {pmid39692910,
year = {2025},
author = {Joyner, MJ and Carter, RE and Wright, RS and Senefeld, JW},
title = {The Safety Profile of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {79-88},
pmid = {39692910},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; Immunization, Passive/adverse effects ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Plasma/immunology ; },
abstract = {Despite concerns about potential side effects, based both on historical experience with plasma products and more recent concerns about contemporary use of plasma, COVID-19 convalescent plasma has been shown to be a very safe product. Research early in the COVID-19 pandemic documented-among the very large population of convalescent plasma recipients in the US Convalescent Plasma Study component of the FDA-authorized Expanded Access Program-that the overall risk profile was no different than that seen for fresh frozen plasma, a product used routinely in medical practice. The safety of CCP was further demonstrated using real-world evidence, pragmatic trials, and formal randomized trials. The rates of all serious adverse events were very low, an especially impressive finding in light of the fact that nearly all safety data came from the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in patients who were hospitalized, were older, and/or had significant co-morbid cardiopulmonary and metabolic disorders. The well-known complications of blood and plasma transfusions-transfusion-associated circulatory overload and transfusion-related acute lung injury-were found with no higher incidence than with standard use of blood and plasma, nor was there evidence for antibody-dependent enhancement or increased incidence of thromboembolic events. The comprehensive safety profile derived from studies enrolling hundreds of thousands of recipients of COVID-19 convalescent plasma across the world should allay safety fears about the rapid deployment of convalescent plasma in future pandemics.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/immunology
COVID-19 Serotherapy
Immunization, Passive/adverse effects
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Plasma/immunology

@article {pmid39692909,
year = {2025},
author = {Paneth, N and Joyner, MJ and Casadevall, A},
title = {Using Passive Antibody Therapies in the Next Pandemic.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {259-273},
pmid = {39692909},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunization, Passive/methods ; *COVID-19/therapy ; *Pandemics ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {The twenty-first century has witnessed seven human viral pandemics. Approximately once every three to four years over the past quarter-century, the world has experienced a new viral epidemic that expanded well beyond its original national borders to become a pandemic. The probability that another pandemic caused by a previously unknown agent will occur in the near future is thus very high and public health agencies must prioritize mechanisms for detecting their first signals. At the onset of these recent pandemics, no specific therapeutic agent was available for any of the newly emergent pathogens. However, convalescent plasma therapy can be available as soon as there are survivors and is likely to be effective if used early and in sufficient strength. But for the three forms of passive antibody-convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies, and hyperimmune globulins-to be available and effective in a pandemic situation, careful strategic planning will be necessary. In the pre-pandemic period, we must reinforce the capacities of blood banks and plasma fractionating companies in the production and storage of their products; ensure that outpatient settings can provide intravenous products; educate providers in the proper use of plasma; and create a research infrastructure to examine the effectiveness of passive antibody products. Once a pandemic is underway, regulatory bodies should simplify the approval of research and emergency use protocols and develop treatment registries. Incentives for the rapid production of monoclonal antibodies and hyperimmune globulins will likely be required. A national resource to link providers with passive antibody products and national databases to monitor pandemic progress and pandemic treatment will permit the most effective allocation of pandemic-fighting resources. We cannot afford to wait until the next pandemic is upon us to respond. The time to strengthen clinical, research, and manufacturing infrastructure to permit us to be ready to confront the next new virulent pathogen is now.},
}

Humans
*Immunization, Passive/methods
*COVID-19/therapy
*Pandemics
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
COVID-19 Serotherapy
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use

@article {pmid39641791,
year = {2025},
author = {Marks, PW},
title = {The Importance of Antibody Titer Determination to the Effective Use of Convalescent Plasma.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {55-62},
pmid = {39641791},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; Immunization, Passive ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood/immunology ; Neutralization Tests ; },
abstract = {Convalescent Plasma (CP) has been used prophylactically and therapeutically over the past century to address a variety of infectious threats. Two tenets of the use of CP were clear from prior experience in the setting of other infectious outbreaks: (1) best results are obtained when CP is given early in the course of the disease, and (2) plasma containing high-titer neutralizing capacity is necessary to achieve optimal results. The magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic along with the initial lack of effective therapeutic alternatives, combined with the relative safety of the approach of administration of CP, led to the initiation of an expanded access program (EAP) that ultimately provided CP to tens of thousands of individuals. When the program was initiated, no high-throughput assay was available for the determination of antibody titers, so antibody positive units were administered without regard to titer. With foresight regarding the need to ultimately determine such titers, samples from the CP units administered were retained and titers were determined retrospectively. An automated live-virus neutralization assay was ultimately selected for this purpose based on an evaluation of its accuracy and precision. Ultimately, an analysis performed in 13,794 individuals from the EAP for which clinical outcomes were known following the administration of single units of COVID-19 CP between the period of April and August 2020 indicated that higher titer COVID-19 CP was associated with a modest reduction in absolute mortality. The benefit observed was confined to individuals who were not intubated, and there was a trend toward a greater reduction in mortality using the highest SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody-containing CP units. This experience during the COVID-19 pandemic is instructive for the future. To facilitate the production of CP that is likely to be most effective, high-throughput assays to determine neutralizing antibody titers need to be developed and implemented early during an outbreak to facilitate the identification and early administration of high-titer units.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/immunology
*Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology
COVID-19 Serotherapy
Immunization, Passive
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood/immunology
Neutralization Tests

@article {pmid39207508,
year = {2025},
author = {Paneth, N and Walsh, M and Kornatowski, B and Casadevall, A},
title = {A Brief History of Polyclonal Antibody Therapies Against Bacterial and Viral Diseases Before COVID-19.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {15-39},
pmid = {39207508},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; History, 20th Century ; *Immunization, Passive/history ; History, 19th Century ; *Bacterial Infections/therapy/immunology/history ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Animals ; *Virus Diseases/therapy/immunology ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; History, 21st Century ; },
abstract = {The use of the serum or plasma of patients or animals who have recovered from an infectious disease, or had been immunized with a relevant antigen, to treat or prevent the same infection in others began in the late 1880s when French and German scientists uncovered, one step at a time, several of the elements of the immune system's response to infection. A key finding was that the damage caused by some bacteria depends upon their secreted toxins which can be neutralized by biologic agents. Antitoxins to diphtheria and tetanus began to be manufactured in large animals in France, Germany, and the US in the 1890s and were soon being used worldwide. The impact of diphtheria antitoxin on childhood mortality was profound. Shortly after the development of antitoxins, convalescent serum began to be used for its anti-bactericidal properties thus addressing serious infections caused by non-toxin-producing organisms. The effectiveness of antitoxins and antisera was demonstrated by examining mortality rates in hospitals before and after the introduction of antitoxins, by comparisons of treated and untreated patients, by comparing early and late treatment and dosage, by examining vital data mortality trends, and by several randomized and alternate assignment trials. Antitoxins continue to have a role in the rare cases of diphtheria and other conditions largely eradicated by immunization, but serum therapy nearly disappeared from the medical armamentarium with the development of antibiotics in the 1940s. Inasmuch as new human pathogens are now emerging with unprecedented regularity as seen in the recent COVID-19 pandemic, and because specific therapies are unlikely to be available for them, plasma-based antibody therapies are likely to again carve out a niche in infectious disease control.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/immunology
History, 20th Century
*Immunization, Passive/history
History, 19th Century
*Bacterial Infections/therapy/immunology/history
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Animals
*Virus Diseases/therapy/immunology
COVID-19 Serotherapy
History, 21st Century

@article {pmid39192049,
year = {2025},
author = {Klassen, SA and Senefeld, JW},
title = {Evidence for the Efficacy of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {99-117},
pmid = {39192049},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/mortality/immunology ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; Immunization, Passive ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {During the global health emergency caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), evidence relating to the efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy-evidence critically needed for both public policy and clinical practice-came from multiple levels of the epistemic hierarchy. The challenges of conducting clinical research during a pandemic, combined with the biological complexities of convalescent plasma treatment, required the use of observational data to fully assess the impact of convalescent plasma therapy on COVID symptomatology, hospitalization rates, and mortality rates. Observational studies showing the mortality benefits of convalescent plasma emerged early during the COVID-19 pandemic from multiple continents and were substantiated by real-time pragmatic meta-analyses. Although many randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were initiated at the onset of the pandemic and were designed to provide high-quality evidence, the relative inflexibility in the design of clinical trials meant that findings generally lagged behind other forms of emerging information and ultimately provided inconsistent results on the efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma. In the pandemic framework, it is necessary to emphasize more flexible analytic strategies in clinical trials, including secondary, subgroup, and exploratory analyses. We conclude that in totality, observational studies and clinical trials taken together provide strong evidence of a mortality benefit conferred by COVID-19 convalescent plasma, while acknowledging that some randomized clinical trials examined suboptimal uses of convalescent plasma.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/mortality/immunology
COVID-19 Serotherapy
Immunization, Passive
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Treatment Outcome
Pandemics

@article {pmid39126485,
year = {2025},
author = {Nierich, A and Bihariesingh, R and Bansie, R},
title = {HemoClear: A Practical and Cost-Effective Alternative to Conventional Convalescent Plasma Retrieval Methods.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {185-201},
pmid = {39126485},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; Immunization, Passive/methods/economics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Plasmapheresis/economics/instrumentation/methods ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Plasma ; },
abstract = {Convalescent plasma has increasingly been used to treat various viral infections and confer post-exposure prophylactic protection during the last decade and has demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes in patients infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has highlighted the need for cost-effective, accessible, and easy-to-use alternatives to conventional blood plasmapheresis techniques, allowing hospitals to become more self-sufficient in harvesting and transfusing donor plasma into recipients in a single setting. To this end, the use of a membrane-based bedside plasmapheresis device (HemoClear) was evaluated in an open-label, non-randomized prospective trial in Suriname in 2021, demonstrating its practicality and efficacy in a low-to middle-income country. This paper will review the use of this method and its potential to expedite the process of obtaining convalescent plasma, especially during pandemics and in resource-constrained settings.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy
COVID-19 Serotherapy
Immunization, Passive/methods/economics
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Plasmapheresis/economics/instrumentation/methods
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Antibodies, Viral/blood
Plasma

@article {pmid39126484,
year = {2025},
author = {Focosi, D},
title = {Monoclonal Antibody Therapies Against SARS-CoV-2: Promises and Realities.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {131-147},
pmid = {39126484},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology ; COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use/immunology ; },
abstract = {Monoclonal antibodies targeting the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been widely deployed in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. I review here the impact of those therapeutics in the early pandemic, ranging from structural classification to outcomes in clinical trials to in vitro and in vivo evidence of basal and treatment-emergent immune escape. Unfortunately, the Omicron variant of concern has completely reset all achievements so far in mAb therapy for COVID-19. Despite the intrinsic limitations of this strategy, future developments such as respiratory delivery of further engineered mAb cocktails could lead to improved outcomes.},
}

Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology
COVID-19/therapy/immunology
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology
Animals
Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use/immunology

@article {pmid39117848,
year = {2025},
author = {Shoham, S},
title = {Convalescent Plasma for Immunocompromised Patients.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {119-130},
pmid = {39117848},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; Immunization, Passive ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is an important therapeutic option for immunocompromised patients with COVID-19. Such patients are at increased risk for serious complications of infection and may also develop a unique syndrome of persistent infection. This article reviews the rationale for CCP utilization in immunocompromised patients and the evidence for its value in immunosuppressed patients with both acute and persistent COVID-19. Both historical precedence and understanding of the mechanisms of action of antibody treatment support this use, as do several lines of evidence derived from case series, comparative studies, randomized trials, and systematic reviews of the literature. A summary of recommendations from multiple practice guidelines is also provided.},
}

Humans
*Immunocompromised Host
COVID-19 Serotherapy
*COVID-19/therapy/immunology
Immunization, Passive
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology

@article {pmid39117847,
year = {2025},
author = {Yoon, H and Pirofski, LA},
title = {Generating the Evidence Base for Convalescent Plasma Use for a New Infectious Disease.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {205-217},
pmid = {39117847},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; *Immunization, Passive/methods ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; },
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) swept across the world in the waning months of 2019 and emerged as the cause of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020. The use of convalescent plasma (CP) for prior respiratory pandemics provided a strong biological rationale for the rapid deployment of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) in early 2020 when no validated treatments or prior immunity existed. CCP is an antiviral agent, with its activity against SARS-CoV-2 stemming from specific antibodies elicited by the virus. Early efforts to investigate the efficacy of CCP in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that targeted hospitalized patients with COVID-19 did not demonstrate the overall efficacy of CCP despite signals of benefit in certain subgroups, such as those treated earlier in disease. In contrast, studies adhering to the principles of antibody therapy in their study design, choice of patient population, and product qualification, i.e., those that administered high levels of specific antibody during the viral phase of disease in immunocompromised or very early in immunocompetent individuals, demonstrated benefits. In this chapter, we leverage the knowledge gained from clinical studies of CCP for COVID-19 to propose a framework for future studies of CP for a new infectious disease. This framework includes obtaining high-quality CP and designing clinical studies that adhere to the principles of antibody therapy to generate a robust evidence base for using CP.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/immunology
COVID-19 Serotherapy
*Immunization, Passive/methods
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

@article {pmid39117846,
year = {2025},
author = {Sullivan, DJ},
title = {Convalescent Plasma and Other Antibody Therapies for Infectious Diseases-Lessons Learned from COVID-19 and Future Prospects.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {219-242},
pmid = {39117846},
issn = {0070-217X},
support = {R01 AI152078/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; *Immunization, Passive/methods ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use/immunology ; },
abstract = {Antiviral passive antibody therapy includes convalescent plasma, hyperimmune globulin, and monoclonal antibodies. Passive antibodies have proven effective in reducing morbidity and mortality for SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious diseases when given early in the disease course with sufficiently high specific total and neutralizing antibody levels. Convalescent plasma can be delivered to patients before vaccination implementation or novel drug production. Carefully designed and executed randomized controlled trials near the pandemic outset are important for regulatory bodies, healthcare workers, guideline committees, the public, and the government. Unfortunately, many otherwise well-designed antibody-based clinical trials in COVID-19 were futile, either because they intervened too late in the disease or provided plasma with insufficient antibodies. The need for early treatment mandates outpatient clinical trials in parallel with inpatient trials. Early outpatient COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion with high antibody content within 9 days of symptom onset has proven effective in blunting disease progression and reducing hospitalization, thus reducing hospital overcrowding in a pandemic. Convalescent plasma offers the opportunity for hope by enabling community participation in outpatient curative therapy while monoclonal therapies, vaccines, and drugs are being developed. Maintaining the appropriate infrastructure for antibody infusion in both outpatient and inpatient facilities is critical for future pandemic readiness.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/immunology
*Immunization, Passive/methods
COVID-19 Serotherapy
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use/immunology

@article {pmid39117845,
year = {2025},
author = {Kunze, KL and Johnson, PW},
title = {The Importance of Geographic Proximity of Convalescent Plasma Donors.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {89-98},
pmid = {39117845},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/mortality/immunology ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; *Blood Donors ; Immunization, Passive ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Pandemics ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; },
abstract = {Donor-recipient proximity emerged as an important factor influencing the efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) treatment during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. This relationship was uncovered while analyzing data collected in the collaborative Expanded Access Program (EAP) for CCP at Mayo Clinic, a project aimed to establish protocols for CCP use amid the uncertainty of the novel disease. Analysis of data from nearly 28,000 patients revealed a significant reduction in risk of 30-day mortality for those receiving near-sourced plasma when compared to those receiving distantly sourced plasma [pooled relative risk, 0.73 (95% CI 0.67-0.80)], prompting adjustments in treatment protocols at selected institutions, and highlighting the importance of proximity in optimizing CCP outcomes. Despite its significance, subsequent studies of CCP effectiveness in COVID-19 have often overlooked donor-recipient proximity. Our findings emphasize the importance of donor-recipient proximity in CCP treatment in the current pandemic, and we discuss potential methods for improving CCP efficacy in future pandemics. Our recommendations include prioritizing virus genotyping for vulnerable patients, establishing a robust testing infrastructure, and collecting additional donor data to enhance plasma selection. This chapter underscores the importance of comprehensive data collection and sharing to navigate the evolving landscape of newly emerging infectious diseases.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/mortality/immunology
COVID-19 Serotherapy
*Blood Donors
Immunization, Passive
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Pandemics
Antibodies, Viral/blood

@article {pmid38877204,
year = {2025},
author = {Joyner, MJ},
title = {Convalescent Plasma and the US Expanded Access Program: A Personal Narrative.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {63-78},
pmid = {38877204},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Immunization, Passive ; },
abstract = {Between early April 2020 and late August 2020, nearly 100,000 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV2 infections were treated with COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) in the US under the auspices of an FDA-authorized Expanded Access Program (EAP) housed at the Mayo Clinic. Clinicians wishing to provide CCP to their patients during that 5-month period early in the COVID pandemic had to register their patients and provide clinical information to the EAP program. This program was utilized by some 2,200 US hospitals located in every state ranging from academic medical centers to small rural hospitals and facilitated the treatment of an ethnically and socio-economically diverse cross section of patients. Within 6 weeks of program initiation, the first signals of safety were found in 5,000 recipients of CCP, supported by a later analysis of 20,000 recipients (Joyner et al. in J Clin Invest 130:4791-4797, 2020a; Joyner et al. in Mayo Clin Proc 95:1888-1897, 2020b). By mid-summer of 2020, strong evidence was produced showing that high-titer CCP given early in the course of hospitalization could lower mortality by as much as a third (Joyner et al. in N Engl J Med 384:1015-1027, 2021; Senefeld et al. in PLoS Med 18, 2021a). These data were used by the FDA in its August decision to grant Emergency Use Authorization for CCP use in hospitals. This chapter provides a personal narrative by the principal investigator of the EAP that describes the events leading up to the program, some of its key outcomes, and some lessons learned that may be applicable to the next pandemic. This vast effort was a complete team response to a crisis and included an exceptional level of collaboration both inside and outside of the Mayo Clinic. Writing just 4 years after the initiation of the EAP, this intense professional effort, comprising many moving parts, remains hard to completely understand or fully explain in this brief narrative. As Nelson Mandela said of the perception of time during his decades in prison, "the days seemed like years, and the years seemed like days."},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/immunology/epidemiology
United States/epidemiology
COVID-19 Serotherapy
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Immunization, Passive

@article {pmid38877203,
year = {2025},
author = {Lebovits, C},
title = {The Role of the Patient Advocate During a Pandemic: The Case of Convalescent Plasma.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {167-172},
doi = {10.1007/82_2024_271},
pmid = {38877203},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/epidemiology ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; Immunization, Passive ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Patient Advocacy ; Pandemics ; Antibodies, Viral ; },
abstract = {The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic confronted medicine with several difficulties, including a lack of specific therapeutic options, the absence of out-of-hospital testing facilities to diagnose the condition, and the sudden extraordinary need for intensive medical care that overwhelmed most hospitals. Early in the pandemic, many physicians recognized that using antibodies harvested from recovering patients was a treatment that had a proven track record for many diseases and that might be used to manage the disease at least as a stopgap until more specific medicines for COVID-19 were developed. But using convalescent plasma raised many additional complications, most especially the logistics that needed to be put in place to collect and distribute such plasma. Unlike drugs ordered from a pharmacy, plasma and other blood products are procured by a complex process that depends intensely on interaction with the public, the provider of all blood products that are directly provided to patients. Blood components such as convalescent plasma, intended to be used immediately without major processing, are entirely supplied by donations from the public. This form of treatment can therefore benefit from patient advocates, especially if they are experienced in solving problems of logistics and in the process of matching supply to demand that is more commonly encountered in the business world than in medicine. In this chapter, one patient advocate, Chaim Lebovits, describes the process of mobilizing the population, interacting with blood banks and hospitals, and successfully channeling thousands of units of plasma from volunteers recovering from COVID-19 to patients in hospitals. Starting in New York City in early 2020 and initially working with communities with which Mr. Lebovits was familiar, the efforts steadily spread across many parts of the US. The model described here, which uses patient advocates to serve as a link between patients, blood banks, and hospitals in the service of gathering and distributing high-titer convalescent plasma to patients is likely to be relevant to the next pandemic.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/epidemiology
COVID-19 Serotherapy
Immunization, Passive
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Patient Advocacy
Pandemics
Antibodies, Viral

@article {pmid38877202,
year = {2025},
author = {Franchini, M and Focosi, D},
title = {Monoclonal Antibodies and Hyperimmune Immunoglobulins in the Next Pandemic.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {243-257},
pmid = {38877202},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; Immunization, Passive/methods ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Pandemics are highly unpredictable events that are generally caused by novel viruses. There is a high likelihood that such novel pathogens belong to entirely novel viral families for which no targeted small-molecule antivirals exist. In addition, small-molecule antivirals often have pharmacokinetic properties that make them contraindicated for the frail patients who are often the most susceptible to a novel virus. Passive immunotherapies-available from the first convalescent patients-can then play a key role in controlling pandemics. Convalescent plasma is immediately available, but if manufacturers have fast platforms to generate marketable drugs, other forms of passive antibody treatment can be produced. In this chapter, we will review the technological platforms for generating monoclonal antibodies and hyperimmune immunoglobulins, the current experience on their use for treatment of COVID-19, and the pipeline for pandemic candidates.},
}

Humans
*Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology
*COVID-19/therapy/immunology
Immunization, Passive/methods
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
COVID-19 Serotherapy
Pandemics
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology
Animals

@article {pmid38877201,
year = {2025},
author = {Maor, Y and Zimhony, O},
title = {Hyperimmune Globulins in COVID-19.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {149-164},
pmid = {38877201},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; Immunization, Passive/methods ; Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, resulting from the emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, posed unprecedented challenges to global health systems as no proven therapy was available. Initially, COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) from recovered COVID-19 patients showed promise as a therapeutic option. However, the efficacy of this approach was closely correlated with the neutralizing antibody titer in the administered plasma and thus effectiveness was not always guaranteed. In response, hyperimmune immunoglobulins (hIG) derived from CCP obtained by apheresis from recovered or vaccinated individuals emerged as a potential alternative. hIG were purified through stringent chromatographic processing from CCP units and displayed varying results in clinical trials, although it seems likely that they improved outcomes compared to placebo or CCP at day 28, particularly in unvaccinated patients. The variability in the effect of hIG likely stems from factors such as the timing of outcome assessment, the administered dose of hIG, the patients' immunological background, and the matching between the variant infecting patients and the neutralization ability of the immunoglobulin batch, which depended on the timing of the CCP collection. Despite logistical challenges and high production costs, hIG showcase advantages over CCP, offering versatility in administration routes and eliminating the need for blood matching, thus facilitating administration in the community, and allowing for variant-specific preparations. hIG appear to be of particular importance in the treatment of immunocompromised patients and patients with persistent COVID-19, although studies in these populations are lacking. Non-human alternatives, such as equine-derived hIG and recombinant hIG, may provide a solution to the logistical challenges of large-scale hIG preparation. Further study is needed to explore these avenues. Establishing the infrastructure for large-scale hIG production independent of plasma donations emerges as a strategic approach for future pandemics, justifying exploration and promotion by health authorities.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
COVID-19 Serotherapy
Immunization, Passive/methods
Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use/immunology
Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology

@article {pmid38772970,
year = {2025},
author = {Casadevall, A and Paneth, N},
title = {The Logic and History of Passive Immunity and Antibody Therapies.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {41-52},
pmid = {38772970},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; *Immunization, Passive/history/methods ; History, 20th Century ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Pandemics/history ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; History, 19th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Coronavirus Infections/therapy/immunology ; *Pneumonia, Viral/therapy/immunology ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; Betacoronavirus/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {This volume takes a broad overview of antibody-based therapies prior to and during the COVID pandemic and examines their potential use in future pandemics. Passive antibody therapy was the first effective antimicrobial treatment and its development in the early twentieth century helped catalyze immunological and microbiological research. During the era of serum therapy (1890-1940) antibody-based therapies were developed against both viral and bacterial diseases. Effective treatment required an understanding of how to quantify antibodies, how to develop serotype-specific sera and recognition of the need to treat early in disease. Thus, although the era of serum therapy essentially ended with the development of small molecule antimicrobial therapy in the 1940s, antibody-based therapies led to important new scientific understanding, while remaining in use for some toxin and venom-caused diseases and in the prevention of outbreaks of viral hepatitis. A renewed interest in antibody-based therapies was seen in the widespread deployment of convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Convalescent plasma will likely be the first specific therapy during outbreaks with new pathogens for which there is no other therapy. For all forms of antibody-based therapies, effectiveness relies on the key principles of antibody therapy, namely, treatment early in disease with preparations containing sufficient antibody specific to the microbe in question.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/therapy/immunology
*Immunization, Passive/history/methods
History, 20th Century
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Pandemics/history
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
History, 19th Century
History, 21st Century
*Coronavirus Infections/therapy/immunology
*Pneumonia, Viral/therapy/immunology
COVID-19 Serotherapy
Betacoronavirus/immunology
Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use

@article {pmid38772969,
year = {2025},
author = {Bloch, EM},
title = {Blood Banking Capacity in Low-and Middle-Income Countries: Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma in Context.},
journal = {Current topics in microbiology and immunology},
volume = {443},
number = {},
pages = {173-184},
pmid = {38772969},
issn = {0070-217X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/epidemiology/blood ; Developing Countries ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; *Blood Banks/supply & distribution ; Immunization, Passive ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Blood Donors/supply & distribution ; Blood Transfusion ; *Blood Banking ; Donor Selection ; },
abstract = {Blood transfusion capacity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), encompassing both the safety and adequacy of the blood supply, is limited. The challenges facing blood banks in LMICs include regulatory oversight, blood donor selection, collection procedures, laboratory testing, and post-transfusion surveillance. A high proportion of LMICs are unable to fully meet clinical demands for blood products, and many do not meet even the minimum threshold of collection (10 units per 1000 population). Suboptimal clinical transfusion practices, in large part due to a lack of training in transfusion medicine, contribute to blood wastage. During the COVID-19 pandemic, high- and LMICs alike experienced blood shortages, in large part due to quarantine and containment measures that impeded donor mobility. COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was particularly appealing for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 in LMICs, as it is a relatively inexpensive intervention and makes use of the existing blood collection infrastructure. Nonetheless, the challenges of using CCP in LMICs need to be contextualized among broad concerns surrounding blood safety and availability. Specifically, reliance on first time, family replacement and paid donors, coupled with deficient infectious disease testing and quality oversight, increase the risk of transfusion transmitted infections from CCP in LMICs. Furthermore, many LMICs are unable to meet general transfusion needs; therefore, CCP collection also risked exacerbation of pervasive blood shortages.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/epidemiology/blood
Developing Countries
COVID-19 Serotherapy
*Blood Banks/supply & distribution
Immunization, Passive
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Blood Donors/supply & distribution
Blood Transfusion
*Blood Banking
Donor Selection

@article {pmid41091675,
year = {2025},
author = {Nagra, G and Ezeugwu, VE and Bostick, GP and Branton, E and Dennett, L and Drake, K and Durand-Moreau, Q and Guptill, C and Hall, M and Ho, C and Hung, P and Khan, A and Lam, GY and Nowrouzi-Kia, B and Gross, DP},
title = {Return-to-work for people living with long COVID: A scoping review of interventions and recommendations.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {10},
pages = {e0321891},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0321891},
pmid = {41091675},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/rehabilitation/epidemiology ; *Return to Work ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Long COVID is characterized by the presence of new onset or persistent symptoms 3 months after a suspected or confirmed history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is a complex and multi-faceted condition that affects people in different ways. Long COVID affects individuals' labour market participation. While some cannot work, others may return to work (RTW) in a limited capacity. Determining what rehabilitation or related strategies are safe and effective for facilitating RTW is necessary.

OBJECTIVES: To synthesize evidence on RTW interventions for people living with Long COVID and to identify 'promising' interventions for enhancing work ability and RTW.

METHODS: We followed Arksey & O'Malley's methodology and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Five electronic bibliographic databases and grey literature were searched. The literature search included various study designs, such as randomized controlled trials (RCT), quasi-experimental designs, and observational studies as well as clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Two reviewers conducted screening and data extraction, with disagreements resolved through consensus. Intervention studies were categorized as promising (statistically significant RTW outcomes or ≥ 50% RTW), somewhat promising (20% to < 50% RTW), not promising (non-statistically significant RTW outcomes or < 20% RTW), or uncertain (did not specify proportion of RTW).

RESULTS: Twelve CPGs and nineteen intervention studies were identified. Of the intervention studies, 5 were cohort studies, 3 quasi-experimental studies, 4 observational, 2 interventional, 3 RCTs, and 2 case reports. Promising interventions included multimodal and interdisciplinary work-focused rehabilitation, multidisciplinary inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation, psychoeducation, pacing, and breathing strategies, shifting focus from symptom monitoring to optimizing functional outcomes, enhanced external counterpulsation inflatable pressure to improve blood flow, and constraint-induced cognitive therapy.

CONCLUSION: Many uncertainties remain regarding which RTW interventions are effective or the optimal characteristics of these interventions.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/rehabilitation/epidemiology
*Return to Work
SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification

@article {pmid41090740,
year = {2025},
author = {Filippatos, F and Matara, DI and Michos, A and Kakleas, K},
title = {Immunological Mechanisms Underlying Allergy Predisposition After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {14},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cells14191511},
pmid = {41090740},
issn = {2073-4409},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications/epidemiology ; Child ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Hypersensitivity/immunology/epidemiology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Cytokines/immunology ; },
abstract = {As the pediatric COVID-19 landscape evolves, it is essential to evaluate whether SARS-CoV-2 infection predisposes children to allergic disorders. This narrative review synthesizes current epidemiological and immunological evidence linking pediatric COVID-19 with new-onset atopy. Epidemiological data remain heterogeneous: large Korean and multinational cohorts report increased risks of asthma and allergic rhinitis following COVID-19, whereas U.S. cohorts show neutral or protective associations, highlighting geographic and methodological variability. Mechanistic insights provide biological plausibility: epithelial injury and the release of alarmin cytokines (IL-33, IL-25, TSLP) promote Th2 polarization and ILC2 expansion, while epigenetic "scars" (e.g., LMAN2 methylation changes) and hematopoietic stem cell reprogramming may sustain long-term Th2 bias. Cytokine memory involving IL-7 and IL-15 contributes to altered T- and B-cell homeostasis, whereas disrupted regulatory T-cell function may reduce tolerance thresholds. Paradoxical trade-offs exist, such as ACE2 downregulation in allergic airways, which may lower viral entry but simultaneously amplify type-2 inflammation. Together, these processes suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection could foster a pro-allergic milieu in susceptible children. Although current evidence is inconclusive, integrating epidemiological surveillance with mechanistic studies is crucial for predicting and alleviating post-COVID allergic outcomes. Longitudinal pediatric cohorts and interventions targeting epithelial alarmins or microbiome restoration may hold promise for prevention.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/complications/epidemiology
Child
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Hypersensitivity/immunology/epidemiology
Disease Susceptibility
Cytokines/immunology

@article {pmid41089981,
year = {2025},
author = {Alamri, A and Alkhathami, A and Alshabab, SQA and Ogran, MAH and Alqahtani, YSYA and Hamdi, AMA and Alshehri, MAA and Aldhabaan, WA and Alwalidi, AK and Alshahrani, ST and Alshehri, DA and Mousa, MSA},
title = {Prevalence of depression anxiety and stress among health professionals during COVID-19 pandemic A systematic review.},
journal = {Journal of family medicine and primary care},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {3646-3651},
pmid = {41089981},
issn = {2249-4863},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems and the mental well-being of healthcare professionals (HCPs) globally. This systematic review synthesizes existing research on the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among HCPs during the pandemic. We employed a systematic search strategy to identify relevant studies published between December 2019 and December 2023, ultimately including 30 studies that met our inclusion criteria. The findings reveal a significant increase in the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among HCPs compared to pre-pandemic levels. Several risk factors were identified, including direct exposure to COVID-19 patients, female gender, the nursing profession, inadequate resources, and lack of support. This review highlights the detrimental impact of the pandemic on HCPs' mental health and emphasizes the need for urgent interventions and support systems to address this critical public health issue.},
}

@article {pmid41089861,
year = {2025},
author = {Hu, S and Song, D and Wan, S and Zhang, S and Luo, C and Li, N and Liu, G and da Graça Espírito Santo Vasconcelos, J and de Carvalho, LLC and Neobísi, E and da Costa, MLB and Etchu Takounjou, J and Neves, KMD and Dos Ramos da Conceição, L and da Costa Encarnação, M and Zhao, LY},
title = {Digital health: current applications, challenges, and future directions for enhancing healthcare quality and safety.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1646802},
pmid = {41089861},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *Telemedicine ; *Quality of Health Care ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Patient Safety ; Artificial Intelligence ; *Digital Technology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Delivery of Health Care ; Digital Health ; },
abstract = {Digital Health Technologies (DHTs) have become a cornerstone of modern healthcare, significantly improving quality and safety across clinical practice, public health, and medical research. Originating in the mid-to-late 20th century, DHTs have facilitated substantial progress in personalized medicine, predictive analytics, and remote patient monitoring through the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), wearable devices, and telemedicine platforms. During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, these technologies proved indispensable for epidemic surveillance and precision containment, while also mitigating healthcare access disruptions. Nevertheless, critical challenges including the digital ethics and equity, technical and regulatory policy restrictions, privacy and data security concerns, and clinical workflow integration issues remain to be addressed. This narrative review explores the transformative role of DHTs throughout the disease management continuum-from prevention to prognosis-and evaluates their contributions to healthcare quality and safety. It also provides strategies for stakeholders to address existing barriers. By overcoming these challenges, DHTs can further elevate healthcare standards, fostering a safer and more efficient global healthcare system.},
}

Humans
*Telemedicine
*Quality of Health Care
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Patient Safety
Artificial Intelligence
*Digital Technology
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
Delivery of Health Care
Digital Health

@article {pmid41089699,
year = {2025},
author = {Hojecki, CE and Tursi, NJ and Livingston, C and Weiner, DB and Gary, EN},
title = {Advances in molecular adjuvants for nucleic acid vaccines.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1646800},
pmid = {41089699},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; *Adjuvants, Immunologic ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {As nucleic acid vaccine technology continues to advance, modern adjuvants are being engineered to quantitatively and qualitatively shape immune responses. Since their development in the early 1990's, nucleic acid approaches have garnered significant attention, and numerous platform technologies have been developed both to improve delivery as well as immunogenicity. These advances were highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the approval of both mRNA-LNP and DNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Early clinical trials with DNA antigens alone displayed suboptimal immunogenicity, supporting interest in adjuvant molecules. Molecular adjuvants, nucleic acid-encoded cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes, among others, are used to enhance and direct nucleic acid antigen-induced immunity in vivo. Additionally, mRNA-LNP vaccines, and more recently DNA-LNP vaccines, have demonstrated robust immunogenicity with intrinsic adjuvant activity based on the delivery mode. This review summarizes the molecular adjuvant landscape and highlights recent findings in the context of nucleic acid vaccines.},
}

Humans
*Vaccines, DNA/immunology
*Adjuvants, Immunologic
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccines/immunology
Animals

@article {pmid41089693,
year = {2025},
author = {Pollmann, NS and Dondorf, F and Rauchfuß, F and Settmacher, U and Pollmann, L and Selzner, M},
title = {Impact of recent COVID-19 infection on liver and kidney transplantation - a worldwide meta-analysis and systematic review.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1626391},
pmid = {41089693},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/mortality ; *Kidney Transplantation ; *Liver Transplantation ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Graft Survival ; Tissue Donors ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The shortage of suitable donor organs represents an ongoing global challenge for organ transplantation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of transplantable organs was especially limited. To date, the impact of recent coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infection on liver and kidney transplant recipients has not been systematically analyzed, which is essential for the development of future transplant management.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the clinical outcomes of recent COVID-19 infection in the donor (1) or the recipient (2). A total of 17 studies were considered for systematic review, seven of these were included for meta-analysis.

RESULTS: Transplantation of COVID-19 positive donors did not result in an impaired graft survival for liver or kidney transplantation up to 180-days of follow up. Additionally, a positive COVID-19 donor status was not associated with decreased overall survival in kidney transplant recipients within 180 days of transplantation. Nevertheless, an association was found with decreased overall survival in liver transplant recipients within the 180-day follow-up period.

DISCUSSION: However, the heterogeneity of studies investigating COVID-19 infection of the recipient did not allow a classification of the significance of COVID-19 positive recipients. Conclusively, a COVID-19 positive donor status should not be considered as an exclusive factor for declining a suitable liver or kidney for transplantation.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024562551.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/mortality
*Kidney Transplantation
*Liver Transplantation
*SARS-CoV-2
Graft Survival
Tissue Donors

@article {pmid41089653,
year = {2025},
author = {Demaria, F and Pontillo, M and Bertoncini, I and Vicari, S},
title = {Obsessive trajectories in children and adolescents exposed to adverse events (coronavirus disease 2019: global crisis teaches).},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1623629},
pmid = {41089653},
issn = {1664-1078},
abstract = {Adverse events (AEs), such as natural disasters, community violence and public health crises, impact global health and are associated with fear, anxiety and disorientation. AEs are related to both short-term and long-term mental health problems in children and adolescents. Particularly, research has shown a significantly higher prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in individuals with a history of trauma. This work aims to explore the obsessive-compulsive (OC) trajectories following an AE, considering the role played by individual vulnerability, anxiety and psychological consequences for children and adolescents. In this direction, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has represented an ideal and unique AE of concomitant factors that can help to understand the obsessive trajectory. Our framework shows that intrusive flashbacks, following a traumatic experience, can turn into automatic intrusive thoughts that become persistent and emotionally intense, similar to obsessive reactions. Intrusive thoughts can evolve into obsessive patterns, leading to compulsive behaviors aimed at reducing discomfort. The nature of the traumatic event may influence the development of specific OC symptoms. Risk factors include individual vulnerability, such as developmental stage and emotional reactivity, which can exacerbate obsessive stress responses. Anxiety plays a key role, as increased stress can stimulate automatic intrusive thoughts and amplify OCD reactions, especially in younger individuals. Disruptions in daily life can further increase anxiety and maladaptive behaviors in children and adolescents, affecting psychological well-being. The psychological effects of AEs can continue well beyond the events themselves. It is necessary to monitor and support young people involved to prevent their development. Community and individual resources are essential to promote resilience following such events.},
}

@article {pmid41089625,
year = {2025},
author = {Nojomi, M and Babaee, E and Rampisheh, Z and Roohravan Benis, M and Soheyli, M and Rady Raz, N},
title = {AI-Powered Clinical Decision Support Systems in Disease Diagnosis, Treatment Planning, and Prognosis: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran},
volume = {39},
number = {},
pages = {81},
pmid = {41089625},
issn = {1016-1430},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare with applications that can surpass human performance in prevention, detection, and treatment. This systematic review aimed to collect and assess the impact and success of AI technologies across various healthcare domains.

METHODS: A systematic search of major databases (including PubMed, Scopus, and ISI) was conducted for articles published up to 2023. Keywords related to AI-driven disease detection, classification, and prognosis were used. Non-English articles or those with inaccessible full texts were excluded. Data was extracted by two researchers, and the quality of selected articles was evaluated based on the strengths and limitations stated by the authors.

RESULTS: In total, 123 articles were included. AI contributions were categorized into three areas. For disease detection (n=75), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was the most frequent topic (n=18), followed by oncology. Chest X-rays were the most common input (n=15). In disease classification (n=23), oncology (especially breast cancer) was the most researched field (n=7), primarily using breast imaging. For prediction and prevention (n=25), oncology was again the most studied category, with clinical and laboratory parameters being the most utilized input (n=12).

CONCLUSION: AI-driven clinical decision support systems (CDSS) exhibit strong diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in imaging and laboratory settings. However, many models function as "black boxes," which limits interpretability and clinician trust. Data bias and challenges in integrating AI tools into practice also persist. The findings suggest that future work should focus on explainable AI and rigorous real-world validation to safely implement these tools in healthcare.},
}

@article {pmid41089587,
year = {2025},
author = {Albazee, E and Alajmi, SA and Alkandari, AM and Aladwani, AN and Alenezi, YY and Alsaeed, MA and Uqlah, B and Abu-Zaid, A},
title = {Platelet-Rich Plasma for COVID-19-Related Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {e94386},
pmid = {41089587},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {A notable rise in olfactory dysfunction (OD) prevalence has been observed since the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19-related OD is associated with several consequences, especially deteriorated quality of life. Hence, several treatment options have been investigated, with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) showing promising results. A systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science up to June 2025. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 assessment tool. Data were analyzed using Stata MP version 18 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX), pooling dichotomous outcomes as relative risks (RRs) and continuous outcomes as standardized mean differences (SMDs), each with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Four RCTs, including 198 participants, were included in our meta-analysis. PRP significantly improved objective olfactory scores (SMD = 1.86, 95% CI (0.14, 3.57), p = 0.03) and subjective olfactory scores (SMD = 0.92, 95% CI (0.32, 1.51), p < 0.001). Additionally, PRP significantly increased the response rate (RR = 1.79, 95% CI (1.14, 2.81), p = 0.01). PRP was generally well-tolerated across the included trials, with no major adverse events reported. Two RCTs showed an overall low risk of bias, one trial showed some concerns, and another showed a high risk of bias. With uncertain evidence, PRP may improve both objective and subjective smell function and clinical outcomes in people with long COVID-related OD. PRP treatment was reported to be safe, with minor, temporary side effects primarily related to the procedure. Although initial results are promising, the small number of RCTs requires a cautious approach to interpretation.},
}

@article {pmid41089328,
year = {2025},
author = {Blitshteyn, S and Funez-dePagnier, G and Szombathy, A and Hutchinson, M},
title = {Immunotherapies for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, other common autonomic disorders, and Long COVID: current state and future direction.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1647203},
pmid = {41089328},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome/therapy/immunology ; *COVID-19/therapy/immunology/complications ; *Immunotherapy/methods/trends ; *Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/therapy/immunology ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Plasmapheresis ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; },
abstract = {Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), neurocardiogenic syncope, and orthostatic hypotension are the most common autonomic disorders encountered in clinical practice. The autoimmune etiology and association of these conditions with systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, autonomic neuropathy, and post-acute infectious syndromes, including Long COVID, suggest that immunotherapies should be considered as a therapeutic option, at least in a subset of patients. However, the treatment of common autonomic disorders has traditionally included pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic symptomatic therapies as the standard approach. Unfortunately, these symptomatic therapies have been of limited or insufficient efficacy to meaningfully improve functional status or result in recovery, especially in patients with severe symptoms. Case reports, case series, and clinical experience suggest that intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulin, as well as other immunologic therapies (such as plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, and rituximab), may be effective in some patients with severe POTS and other common autonomic disorders who are refractory to standard therapies. In this narrative review, we summarize the literature available on the topic of immunotherapies for POTS, other common autonomic disorders, and Long COVID. We also highlight the need for large, multicenter, placebo-controlled trials of immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, intermittent corticosteroids, and other repurposed immunotherapies in patients with common autonomic disorders who have significant functional impairment.},
}

Humans
*Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome/therapy/immunology
*COVID-19/therapy/immunology/complications
*Immunotherapy/methods/trends
*Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/therapy/immunology
Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use
SARS-CoV-2
Plasmapheresis
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

@article {pmid41088290,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, X and Lou, Z and Wang, X and Li, Z and Liu, Q and Guo, K and Yang, Y and Gong, L and Wang, K and Xu, H and Zheng, B and Liu, W and Fu, C and Chen, H and Jiang, X},
title = {Resistance profile and influence factors of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) causing infections in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {56},
pmid = {41088290},
issn = {1476-0711},
support = {2020YFE0204300//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 82072314//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; SYS202202//Shandong Provincial Laboratory Project/ ; 2022ZFJH003//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; China/epidemiology ; *Klebsiella Infections/microbiology/epidemiology/drug therapy/mortality ; *Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Carbapenems/pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; *Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; },
abstract = {The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections has surged in China over the past decade, posing a significant public health concern. However, comprehensive data on CRKP antimicrobial resistance patterns and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these patterns in China remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review of CRKP infections in China, utilizing data from PubMed spanning 2006 to July 2023. We focused on resistance rates of CRKP causing infections, examining variations across time, regions, and age groups, as well as factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Our analysis included 68 studies from 19 provinces in China, comprising 1,284 CRKP isolates obtained from 779 patients. The overall mortality rate for CRKP infections in China was 27% (95% CI: 0.14-0.41, I[2] = 73%, k = 47), with ST11 being the predominant sequence type (Pooled Rate: 80%, 95% CI: 0.67-0.90, I[2] = 86%, k = 31). Temporal and spatial analyses indicated increased resistance to ciprofloxacin (Random effects model: Qb = 9.88, df = 1, P < 0.010) and levofloxacin (Random effects model: Qb = 7.69, df = 1, P < 0.010) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Resistance to chloramphenicol (Random effects model: Qb = 4.97, df = 1, P = 0.030) and ceftazidime-avibactam (Random effects model: Qb = 8.58, df = 1, P < 0.010) was lower in southern regions, while tetracycline resistance (Random effects model: Qb = 9.69, df = 1, P < 0.010) was lower in the north. Higher resistance rates were observed in adults and the elderly. Age and geographic location were key factors associated with antimicrobial resistance. Fourteen out of thirty-five drugs showed a positive correlation with mortality rates, emphasizing their significant impact on CRKP infection mortality. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions to address regional and age-related variations in CRKP resistance and highlights the critical role of antimicrobial resistance in influencing mortality outcomes.},
}

Humans
China/epidemiology
*Klebsiella Infections/microbiology/epidemiology/drug therapy/mortality
*Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Carbapenems/pharmacology
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
*Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
SARS-CoV-2
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial

@article {pmid41088154,
year = {2025},
author = {Ríos-Quituizaca, P and Endara-Mina, J and Ramos-Avasola, S and Yánez, A and Armenta-Paulino, N},
title = {Ethnic inequalities and contraception in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review.},
journal = {International journal for equity in health},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {272},
pmid = {41088154},
issn = {1475-9276},
mesh = {Humans ; Latin America ; Caribbean Region ; *Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data ; *Contraception/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Healthcare Disparities/ethnology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Health Services Accessibility ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is SDG 3.7. Ensuring universal access to sexual and reproductive health. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated pre-existing inequalities, disproportionately impacting ethnic groups in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This review examines 23 years of evidence on contraceptive inequalities among these populations.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted covering the period from 2000 to 2023 across seven databases. A combination of natural language and MESH/DECS terms was used, focusing on ethnicity and contraception in LAC countries. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), 856 studies were identified. After title and abstract screening, 92 full texts were reviewed, and 33 studies were included that analyzed or compared contraceptive coverage based on ethnicity.

RESULTS: The countries with the highest output on this topic are Guatemala, Mexico, and Ecuador. More than half (22) relied on national representative surveys, with most focusing on women of reproductive age, while only five included adolescents. Eight studies analyzed Afro-descendant populations, and 27 studies included indigenous populations. Although some studies reported increases in contraceptive coverage over time, 85% identified lower usage rates or probabilities among ethnic minorities, with persistent gaps.

CONCLUSION: This review highlights contraceptive coverage gaps related to ethnicity in LAC, revealing enduring inequalities. As post-pandemic efforts aim to reduce disparities, countries with significant indigenous populations must prioritize evidence generation. Further research is needed in countries showing progress and among subgroups, such as adolescents or intra-country ethnic groups, to understand underlying causes and enhance contraceptive Access.},
}

Humans
Latin America
Caribbean Region
*Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data
*Contraception/statistics & numerical data
Female
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Healthcare Disparities/ethnology
Socioeconomic Factors
SARS-CoV-2
Health Services Accessibility

@article {pmid40069950,
year = {2025},
author = {Komura, T and Watanabe, M and Shioda, K},
title = {Exploring the application of target trial emulation in vaccine evaluation: scoping review.},
journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
volume = {194},
number = {10},
pages = {3028-3040},
doi = {10.1093/aje/kwaf053},
pmid = {40069950},
issn = {1476-6256},
support = {CDC-RFA-FT-23-0069//CDC's Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccines ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/methods ; },
abstract = {Target trial emulation (TTE) has gained popularity in evaluating treatments and health interventions. Its application to infectious disease outcomes requires careful consideration, as infectious disease transmission violates the assumption of no interference. Thus, we conducted a scoping review to understand how TTE approaches have been applied to vaccine evaluation. We searched literature published in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until May 2024, using keywords related to TTE, infectious diseases, and vaccines. Full-text articles meeting inclusion criteria were further assessed for eligibility. Our keyword-based search and citation search identified a total of 241 studies. Of these, 35 original research studies used TTE approaches to evaluate vaccines, predominantly published from 2022 to 2024. The majority (n = 32, 91%) evaluated the effect of COVID-19 vaccines, with 1 study each evaluating influenza, mpox, and rotavirus vaccines. Most studies did not define which of the 4 effects of vaccination they evaluated (direct, indirect, total, or overall effect), and none incorporated interference in vaccine evaluation. Our review highlights the increasing popularity of TTE in vaccine evaluation following the COVID-19 pandemic. Further discussions are needed to establish TTE approaches to estimating 4 effects of vaccination, using large, routinely collected data.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines
*COVID-19/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2
*Vaccines
*Clinical Trials as Topic/methods

@article {pmid41087797,
year = {2025},
author = {Amelimojarad, M and Amelimojarad, M},
title = {The dual role of ACE2 in viral infections and neurodegeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.},
journal = {Journal of neurovirology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41087797},
issn = {1538-2443},
abstract = {Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a key regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), maintains central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis by metabolizing neuroinflammatory peptides like angiotensin II (Ang II) and apelin-13, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. Recent evidence underscores ACE2's paradoxical roles in neurodegeneration: its loss of function due to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding exacerbates neuroinflammation and cognitive decline, while its upregulation may mitigate AD pathology by reducing amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation. The COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted ACE2 axis dysregulation as a potential accelerator of AD progression, with studies reporting elevated biomarkers of neurodegeneration in post-COVID patients. Therefore, in this review, we highlight the emerging insights into ACE2's dual role in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing its interactions with microglial activation, blood-brain barrier integrity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We also critically evaluate novel therapeutic strategies, including recombinant ACE2, ACE2-derived peptides, and gene therapy approaches designed to restore RAS balance without compromising viral defense mechanisms. By integrating mechanistic and clinical insights, this work highlights ACE2 as a promising target for neurodegenerative disease interventions.},
}

@article {pmid41087378,
year = {2025},
author = {Yonker, LM and Dredge, D and Munro, A and Di Chiara, C and Cotugno, N and Buonsenso, D},
title = {The second-order effects that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on pediatric populations.},
journal = {Expert review of anti-infective therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14787210.2025.2575044},
pmid = {41087378},
issn = {1744-8336},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There is growing recognition that SARS-CoV-2 can have long-term health consequences that persist beyond acute infection. While the long-term health impact of SARS-CoV-2 is evident in adults and the elderly, the impact on children and adolescents remains under recognized. In this paper, we navigate the second-order post-acute effects that the COVID-19 has had on the pediatric populations, with the exception of mental health implication of social restrictions, out of the scope of this review.

AREAS COVERED: We outline common scenarios related with SARS-CoV-2 infection encountered in pediatric clinical practice, such as in the Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), Long Covid, neurological and autoimmune complications of Covid-19, immunological impact of the viral infection, as well as epidemiological and public health consequences associated with the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions.

EXPERT OPINION: SARS-CoV-2 has had several second-order effects on child health, from a biological, epidemiological, and public health perspective, highlighting the complexity of dealing with new infections and the urgent need to implement multidisciplinary interventions that support the health of people at single person and societal level. Funding on modern surveillance system, preventing strategies and research to better understand and cure post-acute complications of viral infections should be a priority of every funding agency.},
}

@article {pmid41086954,
year = {2025},
author = {Taxiarchis, A and Antovic, J and Rooyackers, O and Dumitrescu, G},
title = {High complement expression on extracellular vesicles in Covid-19 patients without pulmonary embolism leading to death. Case Report.},
journal = {Immunology letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107104},
doi = {10.1016/j.imlet.2025.107104},
pmid = {41086954},
issn = {1879-0542},
abstract = {This case report analyzes two severe COVID-19 patients without pulmonary embolism, revealing persistently elevated levels of extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying tissue factor (TF+), complement proteins (C3a+, TCC+), and endothelial markers (CD144+, CD54+). Temporal trends in these EV subpopulations correlated with clinical deterioration, suggesting their role in endothelial injury, complement hyperactivation, and thromboinflammation. Notably, TF+EV dynamics aligned with anticoagulant treatment responses, while MPO+EVs reflected neutrophil activity without thrombotic complications. Despite differences in patient characteristics, these findings propose that patient-specific EV profiles may serve as potential indicators of disease progression, warranting targeted studies to validate their biomarker potential in severe COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid41086951,
year = {2025},
author = {Marco, M and Luigi, U},
title = {What's the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on global diabetic foot care?.},
journal = {Diabetes research and clinical practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {112942},
doi = {10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112942},
pmid = {41086951},
issn = {1872-8227},
abstract = {The Covid-19 Pandemic has significantly disrupted diabetic foot care worldwide, leading to several key impacts and changes. Due to the reduced access to care and limited face-to-face consultations, the pathway of clinical assistance is partially shifted to telemedicine and remote monitoring to provide care while minimizing in-person visits. At the same time, new triage systems have been developed to identify high risk patients requiring urgent in-person care versus those who could be managed remotely. Accordingly, in the post-pandemic period there is an increased emphasis on tailoring care plans based on individual patient risk factors and co-morbidities. The pandemic highlighted the importance of coordinated care between specialists, primary care, and community services. There is also a greater focus on educating patients about self-monitoring and when to seek urgent care. The pandemic drove innovation in diabetic care delivery that may lead to more flexible, patient-centered approaches in the future, maintaining crucial the face-to-face visit for many patients.},
}

@article {pmid41084514,
year = {2025},
author = {Prazeres, PHDM and Costa da Silva, GH and Azevedo, GV and Alves da Silva, NJ and Carvalho Costa, PA and Da Silva, WN and Lobo, AO and Guimaraes, PPG},
title = {Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy Using Lipid Nanoparticle-Based Approaches.},
journal = {International journal of nanomedicine},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {12283-12305},
pmid = {41084514},
issn = {1178-2013},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; *Lipids/chemistry ; Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Animals ; RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage ; Liposomes ; },
abstract = {Cancer immunotherapy, including adoptive cell therapies, cancer vaccines, and cytokine-based therapies, have revolutionized targeted approaches in the treatment of different tumors. However, the broader application of immunotherapies, such as for engineered T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T cells), remains limited by challenges in production, systemic toxicity, and inefficient delivery, especially in solid tumors. Recent advances in nucleic acid delivery technologies, notably ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNP), offer promising solutions to overcome these barriers. LNPs have shown potential in delivering messenger RNA (mRNA), and DNA for the generation of CAR-T cells, cancer vaccines, bispecific antibodies, and cytokine-based immunotherapies. The clinical success of LNP-based platforms in mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and interference RNA therapies for genetic disorders further validates their effectiveness in gene delivery, highlighting LNPs as versatile carriers for therapeutic nucleic acids. Furthermore, LNPs can be optimized for off-the-shelf formulations, enabling personalized treatments targeting specific patient needs. In this review, we highlight the role of LNP platforms in advancing mRNA and DNA delivery for cancer immunotherapy. We explore their potential to improve CAR-T cell production, advance cancer vaccines, and support the development of bispecific antibody- and cytokine-based therapies, ultimately paving the way for more effective, scalable, and accessible immunotherapeutic strategies.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/therapy/immunology
*Nanoparticles/chemistry
*Immunotherapy/methods
*Lipids/chemistry
Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
Animals
RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage
Liposomes

@article {pmid41082551,
year = {2025},
author = {Berihun, G and Walle, Z and Desye, B and Daba, C and Geto, AK and Kumlachew, L and Berhanu, L},
title = {Healthcare waste management practices and associated factors among healthcare workers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {10},
pages = {e0334290},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0334290},
pmid = {41082551},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; Africa South of the Sahara ; *Health Personnel ; *Waste Management/methods ; *Medical Waste Disposal/methods ; Female ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Inadequate management of healthcare waste present significant health hazards to healthcare workers, patients, waste handlers, and the whole communities, especially in developing countries. Although various primary studies have been conducted in different countries across the continent, there has been no comprehensive research examining healthcare waste management practices in Sub-Saharan Africa.

OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to assess healthcare waste management practices and associated factors among healthcare workers in Sub-Saharan Africa.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA 20) guidelines. PubMed, Science-Direct, Google Scholar, Hinari, and Google databases were used to find essential literature. The extracted data were analyzed using statistical software, STATA version 14. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger test and funnel plot, whereas heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.

RESULTS: This review include 29 studies comprising 7588 participants. The pooled estimate of good healthcare waste management practices among participants was 49.74% (95% CI: 43.73-55.76) (I2 = 96.8%, P < 0.000). Sex, knowledge, training on healthcare waste management, use of working manuals/guidelines, and working hours were factors significantly associated with healthcare waste management practices among healthcare workers., Studies done in South Africa reported the highest good healthcare waste management practices with a value of 54.34% (95% CI: 48.05, 60.63), I2 = 0.00%, P < 0.00. The pooled estimate of good healthcare waste management practices before the occurrences of COVID-19 pandemic was 50.49% (95% CI: 40.7, 60.25), (I2 = 97.9%, P < 0.000). Public health facilities also reported having lower waste management practices with a value of 46.86% (95%CI: 39.33, 54.38%), I2 = 96.8%, P < 0.000.

CONCLUSIONS: This review showed that only half of the healthcare workers practiced good healthcare waste management practices. Sex of the healthcare workers, training status, use of working manuals/guidelines, knowledge towards healthcare waste management, and their daily working hours were factors significantly associated with healthcare waste management practices among healthcare workers. Hence, respective healthcare authorities should develop and implement different healthcare waste management strategies, including ongoing in-service training, provision of healthcare waste management manuals, and conducting regular monitoring to enhance healthcare workers' knowledge and practices towards healthcare waste management practices.},
}

Humans
Africa South of the Sahara
*Health Personnel
*Waste Management/methods
*Medical Waste Disposal/methods
Female

@article {pmid41082248,
year = {2025},
author = {Marx, C and Piotrowiak, R and Schirrmann, T and Gebinoga, M and Bekeredjian-Ding, I and Schober, A},
title = {A comprehensive strategy for pandemic preparedness with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.},
journal = {mAbs},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {2573180},
doi = {10.1080/19420862.2025.2573180},
pmid = {41082248},
issn = {1942-0870},
mesh = {Humans ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use/immunology ; *Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology/therapeutic use ; Pandemic Preparedness ; },
abstract = {The success of nucleic acid-based vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic positioned these technologies at the forefront of global preparedness. A retrospective analysis, however, demonstrates that while vaccines play a central role, they do not provide universal protection. Therapeutic interventions, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), are also critical for an effective pandemic response, as they ensure both prophylaxis and treatment of vulnerable populations, prevent overload of healthcare systems, and safeguard the continuity of critical infrastructures. Despite the proven efficacy of antiviral mAbs, the rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants frequently diminished their effectiveness. Thus, innovative strategies are required to accelerate the development, manufacturing, and adaptation of mAbs to continuously evolving viral targets. Viable approaches consist of targeting conserved viral epitopes and producing multi-mAb formulations to maintain therapeutic efficacy. Notably, the development of prototype mAbs can help to protect high-risk groups and exposed medical personnel early in a pandemic. Here, we propose that a comprehensive mAb strategy - encompassing targeted support for research and development, expansion of resilient manufacturing capacities on a regional level, and collaborative networks integrating standardized procedures for development, production and distribution - should be considered a hallmark of pandemic preparedness, to ensure the rapid and effective deployment of mAbs in future pandemics.},
}

Humans
*Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control/epidemiology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use/immunology
*Pandemics/prevention & control
*Antibodies, Viral/immunology/therapeutic use
Pandemic Preparedness

@article {pmid41082082,
year = {2025},
author = {Wasim, R},
title = {From infection to intervention: post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiovascular risk.},
journal = {Inflammopharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41082082},
issn = {1568-5608},
abstract = {COVID is now a worldwide epidemic of non-communicable diseases. The symptoms, which impact several organs, might last for hours, weeks, or even months after the SARS-CoV-2 infection has ended. Electrocardiogram abnormalities (ECG), postural orthostatic tachycardia, and supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias are among the common signs of long COVID-19. According to data, certain patient groups have persistent, post-infectious perimyocarditis, which may lead to left or right ventricular failure, arterial wall inflammation, or microthrombosis. This information has been made available by cardiac and vasculature imaging, and it may be used to develop efficient treatment plans for the cardiovascular symptoms of long COVID. Long COVID requires a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular processes. There are a variety of approaches that have been put forward, some of which include direct impacts on the heart and others that involve microthrombotic damage to the arteries or heart. When evaluated 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, the currently employed circulating biomarkers, such as coagulation and inflammatory markers, do not serve as a highly predictive predictor for the existence or outcome of long COVID. However, further study is required to better understand the underlying processes and particular biomarkers for future COVID preventive methods.},
}

@article {pmid41081074,
year = {2025},
author = {Kotfis, K and Szredzki, P and Maciejewska-Markiewicz, D and Sołek-Pastuszka, J and Wiśniewska, H and Lara, LF and Marlicz, M and Kaczmarczyk, M and Kukla, M and Belina, A and Koulaouzidis, G and Syczewska, M and Jakubczyk, K and Ekstedt, N and Stachowska, E and Kaniewska, M and Rydzewska, G and Łoniewski, I and Koulaouzidis, A and Marlicz, W and Skonieczna-Żydecka, K},
title = {The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the liver function tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.},
journal = {Przeglad gastroenterologiczny},
volume = {20},
number = {3},
pages = {261-271},
pmid = {41081074},
issn = {1895-5770},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with respiratory distress syndrome and hepatic injury. The mechanism of liver injury is not fully understood and may be a combined effect of viral hepatitis, systemic inflammation, gut barrier disruption, microbiome alterations or drug toxicity.

AIM: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the level of liver-produced molecules: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGTP), bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and prothrombin (with INR).

METHODS: Ten authors independently searched PubMed and Embase from their inception until 04/03/2021 for observational studies to evaluate whether SARS CoV-2 infection influences the level of liver-produced molecules. This early search aimed to capture changes associated with the initial variants of SARS-CoV-2 before widespread vaccination efforts. Full-text studies in adult humans in which the aim was liver damage were included. Eligible studies included adult populations with more than 30 subjects, and the analysis adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Data extraction involved a thorough process to ensure accuracy, with inconsistencies resolved by senior clinicians. Statistical analysis was conducted using random effects meta-analysis of outcomes for which ≥ 2 studies contributed data, and the risk of bias was assessed using the New Ottawa Scale. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021242958).

RESULTS: The initial search yielded 3180 hits. 2644 studies were excluded as duplicates and/or after evaluation on the title/abstract level. No additional articles were identified via hand search. There were 536 full-text articles reviewed. Overall, the search strategy yielded 252 studies that were included in the meta-analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: The overall mean liver parameter values were not altered compared to physiological values, except for GGTP, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and INR values. In the case of AST, ALT and albumin levels, mean point estimates were close to limit values of standards. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers gut barrier defects, which results in transient elevation of liver enzymes and clotting times.},
}

@article {pmid41080602,
year = {2025},
author = {Bai, L and Geng, C and Guan, H},
title = {Rediscovering parainfectious encephalopathy in the post-COVID-19 era.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1634383},
pmid = {41080602},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Brain Diseases/diagnosis/therapy/etiology/immunology ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has unveiled the pivotal role of systemic inflammatory responses in neurological complications, particularly parainfectious encephalopathy. Accumulating evidence has established innate immune overreaction-distinct from direct viral neuro-invasion or autoantibody-mediated reaction-as the fundamental mechanism. The clinical manifestations of parainfectious encephalopathy are highly diverse, spanning from mild cases, such as mild encephalopathy with or without a reversible splenial lesion (MERS or ME), to catastrophic syndromes like acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) and febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome with or without a claustrum lesion (FIRES-C or FIRES). In this article, we summarize the phenotypes, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for parainfectious encephalopathy to enhance clinical recognition and understanding of this re-emerging disorder.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2
*Brain Diseases/diagnosis/therapy/etiology/immunology

@article {pmid41080537,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, L and Jin, S and Qin, C and Ma, D and Ye, J and Liu, Q},
title = {Bibliometric analysis of traditional Chinese medicine for viral infections through immune modulation (2015-2025).},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1647900},
pmid = {41080537},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Bibliometrics ; *Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods ; *Virus Diseases/immunology/therapy/drug therapy ; *Immunomodulation ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The immunomodulatory properties of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have attracted significant attention as a strategy for addressing viral infections. However, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis is still lacking. This study aims to systematically identify research trends, knowledge hotspots, and emerging themes in TCM applications for viral infections through immune modulation from 2015 to 2025.

METHODS: We collected publications from the Web of Science database from 2015 to 2025 and performed a comprehensive analysis using R, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. In addition, clinical trial records published during this period were obtained from the PubMed database to assess clinical advancements in this field.

RESULTS: A total of 3,370 publications were analyzed in this study. Between 2015 and 2021, the number of publications in this field showed two distinct stepwise increases, separated by a period of relative stability, followed by a modest decline from 2021 to 2025. China contributed the highest volume of publications and demonstrated the broadest international collaborations, establishing itself as the leading country in this area. Frontiers in Immunology published the largest number of articles, while the Journal of Virology was the most frequently cited journal. Core topics included "Infection," "COVID-19," "Expression," "Antiviral," and "Protein." The primary research focus centered on TCM's antiviral effects and its modulation of immune responses, investigating its regulatory impact on inflammation and cytokine storms during viral infections, and examining TCM's role in modulating immune responses to viral vaccines. Clinical trials in this field focus on improving the management of viral infections, and immune reconstitution strategies for chronic infections.

CONCLUSION: This study systematically analyzes the scientific literature in this field, providing valuable insights into current research trends and highlighting future directions in the application of TCM to the immunomodulation of viral infections.},
}

Humans
*Bibliometrics
*Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods
*Virus Diseases/immunology/therapy/drug therapy
*Immunomodulation
SARS-CoV-2/immunology

@article {pmid41080534,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Z and Xie, J and Li, Q and Liu, Y and Zhang, X and Mi, E and Wang, L and Wang, L and Zhang, F},
title = {Mechanism by which porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus disrupts host innate immunity.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1675572},
pmid = {41080534},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Animals ; *Immunity, Innate ; *Transmissible gastroenteritis virus/immunology ; Swine ; *Immune Evasion ; *Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/immunology/virology ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Autophagy ; },
abstract = {Innate immune evasion is a critical aspect of viral infections, as it disrupts the host's defense mechanisms.The innate immune system, as the primary defense against pathogens, detects pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). This recognition triggers the production of interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory factors, initiating the antiviral immune response. During evolution, viruses have found many ways to evade innate immune response in order to increase the replication efficiency, transmission ability and to establish persistent infection through co-evolution with hosts. Pigs act as natural hosts for a variety of significant viruses, including both DNA and RNA viruses. These viruses not only jeopardize animal health but also present a potential risk of interspecies transmission. Among these, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) stands out as a highly prevalent and severely detrimental enterovirus in the global swine industry. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the interaction between TGEV and host cells, emphasizing the molecular underpinnings of its immune evasion strategies. In addition, we will describe the programmed cell death types induced by TGEV, including autophagy, apoptosis and pyroptosis. Compared with existing reviews, this article not only provides a systematic integration of the multilayered immune evasion mechanisms of TGEV but also, for the first time, offers a comprehensive overview of its interactions with various forms of programmed cell death. This perspective highlights the complex regulatory networks underlying TGEV's adaptive evolution in the host, thereby enhancing our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of porcine coronaviruses and offering novel theoretical foundations for the development of vaccines and antiviral therapeutics.},
}

Animals
*Immunity, Innate
*Transmissible gastroenteritis virus/immunology
Swine
*Immune Evasion
*Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/immunology/virology
*Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
Autophagy

@article {pmid41080217,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohammadi Lapevandani, M and Bazmi, E and Jahani, S and Asgari, N and Sahraian, MA},
title = {Environmental risk factors of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a systematic review.},
journal = {Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {17562864251363293},
pmid = {41080217},
issn = {1756-2856},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) may be triggered by environmental risk factors.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore and integrate the recent research advances in this field. Here we describe relevant studies and summarize current knowledge on non-genetic factors that influence the onset of the disease.

DESIGN: Systematic review.

METHODS: We performed a systematic review up to May 21, 2024, following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Two independent reviewers evaluated the quality of the included studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for risk of bias assessment.

DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.

RESULTS: A total of 15,869 articles were evaluated. Of those 50 studies met the eligibility criteria. A total of 21,410 NMOSD patients were included in the studies; 17,080 patients were females. Totally, 14 risk factors, including vitamin D deficiency, vaccination, virus infections, lifestyle, and dietary factors, were assessed. A total of 37% of the included articles were conducted in East Asia, mainly focusing on the effects of infection and vitamin D deficiency. These studies suggested vitamin D deficiency as a possible NMOSD risk factor. A total of 25% of the studies included Caucasian populations from Western countries. They showed that smoking decreased the odds of NMOSD, in contrast to observations from Eastern studies. Few cases reported NMOSD onset after COVID-19 vaccination. Antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, and Helicobacter pylori were observed to be more frequently positive in the serum of NMOSD patients. Lower protein and fat and higher carbohydrate intakes were correlated with NMOSD development.

CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency, cigarette smoking, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection, and diet were reported as environmental risk factors for NMOSD. The difference in the onset of NMOSD between Asian and Caucasian populations could be affected by smoking and vitamin D deficiency. Knowledge of modifiable risk factors for NMOSD may be beneficial in preventing and improving disease outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41079530,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, K and Lei, Y and Zhou, Y and Zhan, J},
title = {Evolution of split-protein technologies in virology: From mechanistic discovery and diagnostics to therapeutic promise.},
journal = {Journal of virus eradication},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {100610},
pmid = {41079530},
issn = {2055-6640},
abstract = {The persistent challenge posed by viruses such as HIV, HBV, and SARS-CoV-2 necessitates the continuous evolution of molecular tools for their study and for advancing therapeutic research. Split-protein complementation assays (PCAs), where a reporter protein is divided into two inactive fragments, have evolved from simple reporters of biological events into an increasingly important tool in modern virology. This review traces the evolutionary trajectory of split-protein systems. We begin with their foundational use in mechanistic discovery, where they first visualized viral-host interactions in living cells. We then explore their translation into practical applications, such as high-throughput drug screening and rapid point-of-care diagnostics. A step in this evolution was the development of systematic engineering platforms, dramatically accelerating the creation of novel biosensors. Finally, we discuss the latest frontier: engineering therapeutically active "split effectors." By integrating principles from synthetic biology, these advanced systems can function as programmable logic gates that respond to specific viral signatures. While therapeutic translation remains preclinical, split-protein platforms are emerging as tangible tools for advanced research and potential therapeutic development.},
}

@article {pmid41079451,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, SC and Dong, YX and Tian, J and Che, GW and Lai, Y},
title = {Advancing the understanding of alveolar regeneration: Global research trends, thematic evolution, and emerging frontiers.},
journal = {Regenerative therapy},
volume = {30},
number = {},
pages = {778-794},
pmid = {41079451},
issn = {2352-3204},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Alveolar regeneration represents a critical research direction in respiratory disease treatment. Despite the surge in studies following the COVID-19 pandemic, comprehensive bibliometric analysis to systematically evaluate global research trends and future directions remains lacking.

METHODS: This study employed bibliometric methodology to analyze 1564 publications related to alveolar regeneration from 1974 to 2024 using the Web of Science Core Collection database. Data visualization and analysis were conducted using VOSviewer (version 1.6.19), CiteSpace (version 6.2.R3), and the biblioshiny R package.

RESULTS: The analysis encompassed 68 countries, 1930 institutions, and 9150 researchers across 658 journals. The United States leads with 601 publications and 32,172 citations, with Harvard University as the most influential institution. The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine has the highest impact factor (19.3), while the American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology has the most co-citations (2,402). Edward E. Morrisey is the most prolific author, and C. E. Barkauskas has the highest co-citations. Keyword analysis revealed six major research clusters: stem cells and regenerative medicine, acute lung injury and fibrosis, COVID-19-related research, chronic lung disease repair, cellular behavior and molecular mechanisms, and post-pneumonectomy regeneration. Thematic mapping indicates future research should prioritize lung injury repair mechanisms, matrix environment in tissue regeneration, stem cell therapeutics, and immune regulation in lung injury repair.

CONCLUSION: This first comprehensive 50-year bibliometric analysis of alveolar regeneration reveals the evolutionary trend from basic mechanistic exploration toward clinical translational applications, providing important reference for researchers and funding agencies.},
}

@article {pmid40997530,
year = {2025},
author = {Rees, GH and Willis, G and Scotter, C},
title = {Health workforce planning should be strategy or policy-driven: From linear forecasts to normative futures.},
journal = {Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {161},
number = {},
pages = {105440},
doi = {10.1016/j.healthpol.2025.105440},
pmid = {40997530},
issn = {1872-6054},
mesh = {Humans ; *Health Workforce/organization & administration/trends ; Forecasting/methods ; *Health Policy ; *Health Planning/organization & administration ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {Health workforce planning (HWP) remains persistently ineffective, a weakness that was starkly exposed during the pandemic and amplified in today's ongoing health permacrisis. Despite the development of increasingly sophisticated workforce models and planning techniques, outcomes continue to fall short. We argue that a central reason lies in how the HWP problem is framed: the dominant reliance on linear, forward-looking forecasting methods constrains both the scope of planning and the relevance of its outputs. We propose reframing HWP through the use of normative futures methods, which begin with a desired future and then work backwards to identify the steps needed to reach it. Such approaches are well established in other complex policy domains and are particularly suited to HWP's long-term horizon, multi-stakeholder setting, and inherent uncertainties. By aligning workforce planning with the strategic directions already articulated in national health strategies, normative backcasting offers three key advantages: (1) improved integration of drivers of change into workforce modelling, (2) more meaningful stakeholder engagement and ownership, and (3) stronger governance through clearer milestones, responsibilities, and monitoring. As a result, HWP is more likely to deliver actionable, timely, and resource-efficient plans. We therefore call on policymakers and planners to shift from linear forecasting toward normative futures approaches to enable more reliable decisions and achieve the health workforce needed for resilient health systems.},
}

Humans
*Health Workforce/organization & administration/trends
Forecasting/methods
*Health Policy
*Health Planning/organization & administration
COVID-19
Pandemics

@article {pmid40623698,
year = {2025},
author = {Lerner, A and Mainelis, G and Hallman, W and Kipen, H and Magalhaes, M and Buckley, B and Cedeño Laurent, JG and Eyal, N},
title = {Managing infectious aerosols to counter engineered pandemics: Current recommendations and future research.},
journal = {Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis},
volume = {45},
number = {10},
pages = {3045-3078},
doi = {10.1111/risa.70054},
pmid = {40623698},
issn = {1539-6924},
support = {P30 ES05022//National Institutes of Health / ; 2039320//Longview Philanthropy / ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Aerosols ; *Pandemics/prevention & control ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Ultraviolet Rays ; },
abstract = {In the increasingly likely event of an engineered-virus outbreak or pandemic of catastrophic potential, managing infectious aerosols to reduce transmission will be crucial. Now is the time to start preparing our buildings, public opinion, and regulatory environments for the infectious aerosol management interventions necessary to protect the public. But which interventions should governments and institutions invest in the most? We review the leading candidate methods for infectious aerosol management and discuss their respective advantages, disadvantages, and suitable settings. There is strong emerging evidence that two recently explored technologies, direct exposure to far-ultraviolet-C (UVC) light and triethylene glycol, are particularly efficacious and safe, but there remain open questions about the long-term safety and efficacy of these interventions. In the meantime, we recommend other interventions-especially upper-room UVC and in-room air cleaners-for settings where most occupants regularly spend more than a small fraction of their day. We conclude by listing research questions about these interventions that still need to be researched in social science, product development, medicine, engineering, economics, and ethics.},
}

Humans
Aerosols
*Pandemics/prevention & control
COVID-19/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2
Ultraviolet Rays

@article {pmid40582541,
year = {2025},
author = {Hazique, M and Jafar, Z and Lohana, S and Reyaz, I and Burhan, M and Narayan, R and Alraies, MC},
title = {The Cusp Overlap Technique Reduces Pacemaker Implantation in TAVR: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.},
journal = {The American journal of cardiology},
volume = {254},
number = {},
pages = {75-84},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjcard.2025.06.024},
pmid = {40582541},
issn = {1879-1913},
mesh = {Humans ; *Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/methods ; *Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery ; *Pacemaker, Artificial ; *Postoperative Complications ; },
abstract = {Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the preferred treatment for symptomatic aortic stenosis, yet conduction disturbances leading to permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) remain a significant complication, particularly with self-expanding valves (SEVs). The cusp overlap view (COV) technique has been introduced to achieve a higher, more controlled valve implantation compared to the conventional coplanar view (CPV). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (14 studies; 5,266 TAVR patients) comparing the COV to the CPV. Data were pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model with I[2] for heterogeneity. The analysis demonstrated that the COV technique was associated with significantly lower PPI rates (11.2% vs 17.7%; OR = 0.63; p <0.0001). Additionally, patients in the COV group experienced a significantly shorter hospital stay (SMD = -0.56; p = 0.016) and a modestly lower mean transvalvular gradient (SMD = -0.10; p = 0.049). Although the depth measured from the non-coronary cusp did not differ significantly between groups, the arithmetic mean distance from the non-coronary and left coronary cusps was significantly lower in the COV group (SMD = -0.21; p <0.001), indicating a higher valve position. Our meta-analysis suggests that the cusp overlap technique significantly reduces PPI rates and improves procedural outcomes in TAVR with SEVs. In conclusion, these findings suggest that COV not only enhances patient outcomes by reducing conduction disturbances and shortening hospital stays but also optimizes healthcare resource utilization. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these benefits and further standardize TAVR protocols in clinical practice.},
}

Humans
*Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/methods
*Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery
*Pacemaker, Artificial
*Postoperative Complications

@article {pmid41077088,
year = {2025},
author = {Meerasa, SS and Ahmad, A and Khan, AA and Haque, S and Saleem, I},
title = {Endosomal escape and current obstacles in ionizable lipid nanoparticles mediated gene delivery: lessons from COVID-19 vaccines.},
journal = {International journal of pharmaceutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {126263},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126263},
pmid = {41077088},
issn = {1873-3476},
abstract = {During last pandemic of COVID-19, two vaccines based on ionizable lipid nanoparticles (ILNP) were developed for COVID-19 prevention: Pfizer/BioNTech Vaccine (BNT162b2) and Moderna Vaccine (mRNA-1273). The observed efficacy of these two vaccine formulations catalyzed a global intensification of scientific inquiry into the therapeutic potential of these ionizable lipids, driving research efforts aimed at developing novel agents for a diverse range of pathologies. Successful ILNP-based delivery requires both selection of a suitable ionizable lipid and elucidation of its endosomal escape mechanism. This review focuses current knowledge on lipid diversity, emphasizing the structural and functional attributes of ionizable lipids essential for endosomal escape. A detailed analysis of COVID-19 vaccine lipid components, correlating their physicochemical properties with cellular and humoral immune responses, and exploring their implications for therapeutic innovation. Finally, we evaluate current challenges and future directions in ILNP-based therapy development.},
}

@article {pmid41077052,
year = {2025},
author = {Rehm, J and Assanangkornchai, S and Hendershot, CS and Franklin, A and Neufeld, M and Hassan, AS and Shield, KD},
title = {Alcohol use disorders.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01496-5},
pmid = {41077052},
issn = {1474-547X},
abstract = {Alcohol use disorders consist of conditions characterised by compulsive heavy alcohol use and loss of control over alcohol intake. Alcohol use disorders are some of the most prevalent mental disorders globally, with higher prevalence in high-income countries and lower prevalence in low-income countries. The recent COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in fully alcohol-attributable mortality, in part triggered by alcohol-specific interactions with stress. Despite their high prevalence, alcohol use disorders remain undertreated, even though there are scientifically established and cost-effective psychosocial, community, and pharmacological interventions available. In addition, promising new treatment modalities have been developed and are currently being tested. The two main barriers to better access to evidence-based alcohol use disorder treatment are low availability, due to the absence of government or public funding for such treatment, and stigma. The first barrier could be overcome by increasing alcohol excise taxation, which currently falls considerably short of covering the social costs of alcohol use. In addition to generating revenues, increasing excise taxation could reduce health-care costs by reducing hospitalisations for all alcohol-attributable conditions, including alcohol use disorders. Overall, integrated alcohol control policies could improve the prevention of alcohol use disorders, improve access to treatment, and reduce stigma.},
}

@article {pmid41076808,
year = {2025},
author = {de Melo Araújo, AC and Frugoli, AG and de Sena Gonçalves, JE and Pércio, J and Da Silva, TP and da Fonseca Victer, TN and Matozinhos, FP and Fernandes, ÉG},
title = {Monitoring strategies after the incorporation of vaccines into national immunization programs: a systematic review.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {127850},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127850},
pmid = {41076808},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The 2030 Immunization Agenda envisions a global landscape where everyone can equally access the benefits of both new and existing vaccines by expanding equitable coverage. Post-introduction evaluation strategies are essential to ensure efficient and rational use of resources invested in immunization programs. However, a notable gap remains in the literature on how these strategies are applied in low- and middle-income countries. This study identify the main strategies used worldwide to monitor vaccines after their incorporation into immunization programs.

METHODS: This systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and reported following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were retrieved from PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Core Collection, SCOPUS, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases. The review included studies on vaccine monitoring after incorporation into immunization programs, with no date restrictions. Excluded were narrative and systematic reviews, meta-analyses, letters, book chapters, posters, COVID-19 vaccine studies, non-human vaccination research, and studies assessing general impact without post-introduction monitoring.

RESULTS: The search identified 4812 citations, with 1477 duplicates removed. After screening 3335 titles and abstracts, nine studies met the inclusion criteria. While the concept of post-introduction monitoring strategies remains poorly defined, the studies revealed that such monitoring can be performed through evaluation of surveillance systems, economic assessments, and adapted analytical tools. Sentinel surveillance, involving healthcare workers and services, was the most frequently reported strategy, followed by synthetic control methods, pre- and post-introduction comparisons, and use of a World Health Organization tool.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the absence of a standardized framework for post-introduction vaccine monitoring, existing studies demonstrate that evaluations can address effectiveness, safety, coverage, and cost. Beyond epidemiological significance, the incorporation of vaccines into immunization programs provides an opportunity to strengthen policies, promote workforce development, and foster social mobilization in support of vaccination.},
}

@article {pmid41076807,
year = {2025},
author = {Domingo, JL},
title = {Differentiating COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse events from long COVID: A comprehensive review of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, and diagnostic approaches.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {127842},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127842},
pmid = {41076807},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {The global deployment of COVID-19 vaccines has introduced diagnostic challenges due to overlapping symptoms with long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), prompting a comprehensive review of vaccine safety profiles, long COVID manifestations, and evidence-based differentiation strategies. Through a literature search (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) from December 2020 to June 2025, including peer-reviewed studies, clinical trials, and cohort studies, the present review reports that COVID-19 vaccines maintain robust safety, with rare adverse events like myocarditis and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, while long COVID affects 10-40 % of SARS-CoV-2 survivors, presenting symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and dyspnea. Differentiation between these conditions relies on careful analysis of the timing of symptom onset, detailed symptom characterization, and the use of advanced diagnostic tools. Systematic clinical assessment is essential for accurate diagnosis, which is critical for appropriate patient management, maintaining public confidence in vaccination, and guiding future research. Further studies are needed to validate diagnostic biomarkers, develop targeted therapies, and monitor long-term outcomes, with standardized global registries and interdisciplinary collaboration identified as key priorities for improving care and advancing the field.},
}

@article {pmid41076756,
year = {2025},
author = {Douglas, KM},
title = {Antecedents and consequences of science-related conspiracy beliefs.},
journal = {Current opinion in psychology},
volume = {67},
number = {},
pages = {102191},
doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2025.102191},
pmid = {41076756},
issn = {2352-2518},
abstract = {Many social, political, and psychological factors influence the extent to which people put their trust in science. The current article examines recent evidence for the role of conspiracy beliefs about science. The article examines the consequences of such beliefs, focusing on the domains of health (e.g., vaccinations) and the environment (e.g., climate change). Using the COVID-19 context as an example, the article focuses on the epistemic, existential, and social motives that underpin science-related conspiracy beliefs. Finally, the article considers whether science-related conspiracy beliefs satisfy these psychological motives, and what implications there are for future trust in science.},
}

@article {pmid41076553,
year = {2025},
author = {Kappenberg, A and Licandro, U},
title = {One Call Away: Bilingual Teleassessment for Preschool and Elementary Children: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {International journal of language & communication disorders},
volume = {60},
number = {6},
pages = {e70136},
doi = {10.1111/1460-6984.70136},
pmid = {41076553},
issn = {1460-6984},
mesh = {Humans ; *Multilingualism ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; COVID-19 ; Telemedicine ; *Language Therapy/methods ; Language Tests ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite the growing need for language and communication assessments in both languages for bilingual children, there remains a shortage of bilingual speech and language therapists (SLTs). Teleassessment has emerged as a promising solution to address this gap, but there is a pressing need for a comprehensive understanding of its organisation, implementation and feasibility across children of different ages, language combinations and proficiency levels.

AIMS: This systematic review aims to synthesise the current studies on bilingual language and communication teleassessment for preschool and elementary-aged children. Specifically, it focuses on the language skills assessed in teleassessments, the tools and technology used and the organisational and implementation factors associated with bilingual teleassessment.

METHODS: The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search was performed across five electronic databases as follows: APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Education Source, Medline and Web of Science. Data from the selected studies were extracted and categorised, with study quality assessed using the Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies (QuADS).

MAIN CONTRIBUTION: A total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The review found that bilingual teleassessment typically focused on assessing productive and receptive vocabulary and grammar, using standardised tests adapted for remote administration. Most assessments were conducted in hybrid formats, combining both tele- and face-to-face elements. The results showed that language skills assessed via teleassessment were generally comparable to those assessed in face-to-face settings, indicating the feasibility of bilingual teleassessment.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: While bilingual teleassessment offers a promising approach to supporting bilingual children, its application should be approached with caution due to the limited number of studies and small sample sizes. Future research should prioritise the development of standardised guidelines for their implementation and the creation of targeted training and networking opportunities for bilingual SLTs. This will help enhance the quality and accessibility of bilingual teleassessment services. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS?: What is already known on this subject Telepractice has been studied for several decades, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, research on bilingual teleassessment for children with varying ages, language constellations and competencies remains limited. The variability in study objectives and target populations has made it challenging to identify optimal methods for organising bilingual teleassessment in both research and clinical practice. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This study contributes to the existing literature by synthesising and critically evaluating research on bilingual teleassessment. It provides a comprehensive overview of the language and communication skills assessed, the tools and technologies used and the organisational, implementation and feasibility considerations in bilingual teleassessment. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Although research on bilingual teleassessment is still evolving, this review highlights several effective organisational methods, best practices and challenges. The findings suggest that, similar to monolingual teleassessment, bilingual teleassessment is generally comparable to face-to-face assessment. To further support evidence-based decision-making in bilingual teleassessment, future studies-both single-case and large-scale-along with further training and networking for bilingual and monolingual SLTs, are essential.},
}

Humans
*Multilingualism
Child, Preschool
Child
COVID-19
Telemedicine
*Language Therapy/methods
Language Tests

@article {pmid40683284,
year = {2025},
author = {Carlson, CJ and Trisos, CH and Oppenheim, B and Bansal, S and Davies, SE and Diongue-Niang, A and Fan, VY and Kraemer, JD and Golden Kroner, R and Gostin, LO and Hayman, DTS and Koopmans, M and Lavelle, TE and das Neves, CG and O'Donoghue, Z and Pereira, LM and Roche, B and Sirleaf, M and Zamanian, K and Zambrana-Torrelio, C and Phelan, AL},
title = {Pathways to an Intergovernmental Panel on Pandemics: lessons from the IPCC and IPBES.},
journal = {The Lancet. Microbe},
volume = {6},
number = {10},
pages = {101178},
doi = {10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101178},
pmid = {40683284},
issn = {2666-5247},
mesh = {Humans ; *Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Climate Change ; Biodiversity ; Global Health ; Ecosystem ; International Cooperation ; COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {Pandemics pose a global threat to human wellbeing, justice, economies, and ecosystems and are comparable with other planetary crises such as climate change and biodiversity loss in terms of urgency and impact. The global community would benefit from a dedicated scientific synthesis body to assess pandemic risks and solutions. In this Personal View, we explore proposals for an Intergovernmental Panel on Pandemics and assess potential pathways to its creation. Learning lessons from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) might help national governments and international organisations to chart a course through important decisions about format, governance, operations, scientific scope and process, and ability to recommend policies that make the world safer.},
}

Humans
*Pandemics/prevention & control
*Climate Change
Biodiversity
Global Health
Ecosystem
International Cooperation
COVID-19

@article {pmid41076270,
year = {2025},
author = {Meier, RT and Kapur, R},
title = {Antibody-mediated multicellular pathophysiology of HIT and VITT: the dynamic roles of platelets, neutrophils, endothelial cells, and monocytes.},
journal = {Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtha.2025.09.014},
pmid = {41076270},
issn = {1538-7836},
abstract = {Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a severe immune-mediated reaction to heparin, characterized by thrombocytopenia and an increased risk of thrombosis. Its pathophysiology is centered around the formation of antibodies directed against platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin complexes. These PF4/heparin-antibodies engage platelet-FcγRIIa, leading to platelet activation and subsequent degranulation, aggregation and the release of procoagulant extracellular vesicles (EVs). Activation of neutrophils, monocytes and endothelial cells have also been suggested to be important features of HIT; neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are increasingly recognized as key contributors to thrombus propagation, monocytes may stimulate a prothrombotic state via FcγRIIa-mediated generation of tissue factor and thrombin, and endothelial activation may lead to the exposure of von Willebrand factor, further enhancing platelet recruitment and thrombosis. Importantly, interactions between different cell types, directly or indirectly, for instance via EVs or dynamic shuttling of PF4, may consequently influence HIT responses. Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), also a rare but serious complication of thrombocytopenia and thrombosis reported after administration of adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines, shares mechanistic parallels with HIT but is initiated by antibodies directed against PF4. These VITT antibodies also activate platelets via the FcγRIIa and may also induce the release of NETs, which could contribute to thrombus formation. Overall, in both HIT and VITT there appears to be a complex antibody-mediated interplay between various cells in promoting the regulation of thrombo-inflammatory responses. However, critical gaps remain regarding the precise cellular interactions driving thrombosis and/or thrombocytopenia. Further research is essential for developing improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these life-threatening complications.},
}

@article {pmid41076051,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, SY and Schneider, AB and Walton, H and Isaac, J and Hansell, A and Katsouyanni, K and Wood, D and Evangelopoulos, D},
title = {Investigating links between long-term air pollution exposure and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalisation and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {127222},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127222},
pmid = {41076051},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {Air pollution exposure is suggested to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcomes. Available systematic reviews and meta-analyses included studies of various study designs which could be vulnerable to ecological bias. We systematically reviewed the association between particulate matter less than 2.5 aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalisation, and COVID-19 mortality, focusing on cohort studies with individual-level data. A systematic literature search was conducted on MEDLINE and Scopus in July 2023 and subsequently updated in April 2025. The risk of bias of eligible studies was assessed using a modified Risk of Bias assessment instrument developed by the World Health Organization. Qualitative synthesis was performed on all eligible studies, and random-effects meta-analyses were performed when more than three studies were available for an exposure-outcome pair, after removing studies with overlapping populations. Long-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased risk of all outcomes investigated (RR for SARS-CoV-2 infection: 1.04 [1.02-1.07], RR for COVID-19 hospitalisation: 1.11 [1.06-1.15], RR for COVID-19 mortality: 1.09 [1.03-1.15], per 1 μg/m[3] increase), whereas NO2 exposure was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation (RR: 1.02 [1.01-1.03], per 1 μg/m[3] increase) and COVID-19 mortality (RR: 1.01 [1.01-1.02], per 1 μg/m[3] increase). No associations were found for O3 exposure. Univariate meta-regression suggested that country of study accounted for a substantial proportion of the heterogeneity observed in meta-analyses. This review presents a comprehensive, up-to-date synthesis of the evidence regarding the adverse effects of air pollutant exposure on COVID-19 outcomes based on robustly conducted cohort studies with individual-level information.},
}

@article {pmid41075357,
year = {2025},
author = {Zahedipour, F and Gol, TM and Wisser, S and Ramesh, A and Ureña-Bailén, G and Jaafari, MR and Mezger, M},
title = {Revolutionizing pediatric gene and cell therapy: The hope for lipid-based nanoparticles in blood disorders.},
journal = {Current research in translational medicine},
volume = {73},
number = {4},
pages = {103545},
doi = {10.1016/j.retram.2025.103545},
pmid = {41075357},
issn = {2452-3186},
abstract = {The rapidly advancing field of lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) as delivery systems for nucleic acids has the potential to revolutionize treatment strategies. LNPs have demonstrated exceptional versatility in delivering genetic material and therapeutic agents to target cells. In gene and cell therapy, LNPs could serve as efficient carriers for introducing genetic materials into the cells, addressing inherited genetic disorders at their root. Their minimal toxicity and immune response make them particularly suitable for pediatric applications. Additionally, the scalability and cost-effectiveness of LNP production offer practical advantages over methods such as viral vectors and electroporation (EP), improving accessibility to advanced therapies for children worldwide. In 2018, the first FDA-approved LNP-based siRNA therapy (Patisiran/ Onpattro®) for treating hereditary amyloidosis brought attention to the feasibility of LNPs for gene therapy. Eventually, authorization and approval of the mRNA-LNP vaccines against COVID-19 (Comirnaty® of BioNTech/Pfizer and SpikeVax® of Moderna) was another milestone for the development of LNP-based nucleic acid therapies. Later, LNPs were applied successfully for the delivery of pDNA, mRNA and siRNA in many types of genetic disorders and cancers. This innovative approach offers a brighter future for pediatric healthcare, where children can look forward to healthier and more fulfilling lives. This review paper provides an overview of the applications of LNPs in gene and cell therapies with a special focus on their pre-clinical application in primary cells, including natural killer cells, T cells, and hematopoietic stem cells, highlighting LNPs' efficacy, safety profile, and potential for transforming the landscape of pediatric healthcare in the future.},
}

@article {pmid41074196,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Dong, B and Yang, YL and Zhang, YQ and Zhang, Y and Pan, D and Du, EZ and Zhu, SJ and Wang, B and Huang, YW},
title = {Intestinal microbiota dynamics in piglets: the interplay with swine enteric coronavirus infections and implications for disease control.},
journal = {Animal microbiome},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {107},
pmid = {41074196},
issn = {2524-4671},
support = {32302873//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U22A20521//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Infections of swine enteric coronavirus (SECoV), including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), cause severe diarrhea in piglets and result in substantial losses to the pig industry. The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in SECoV disease progression and outcomes, yet current research largely focuses on specific age groups or intestinal segments. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic microbiota changes in piglets after SECoV infections across different ages and intestinal regions. It discusses differential microbiota analyses, functional changes, metabolic products, alongside their effects on immune responses. Additionally, we explore fecal bacterial transplantation as a potential intervention and highlight the role of the microbiota in either promoting or inhibiting SECoV infections. The development of advanced research tools, including culturomics, sequencing technologies, and multi-omics approaches, is pivotal in understanding the intricate relationship between the porcine intestinal microbiota and SECoV infections, offering potential strategies for preventing and controlling SECoV-related diseases.},
}

@article {pmid41074055,
year = {2025},
author = {Zuo, P and Ramamurthy, C and Gowing, A and De Silva, A and Minas, H},
title = {Factors associated with mental health of Chinese international students in the global context: a systematic review.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {3460},
pmid = {41074055},
issn = {1471-2458},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Students/psychology ; *Mental Health ; China/ethnology ; East Asian People ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chinese international students (CIS) form the biggest cohort in popular host countries such as the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom, but research shows that their mental health is challenged by multifaceted stressors. Despite this, we are unaware of any previous systematic review that has synthesised both quantitative and qualitative findings on factors associated with their mental health across different countries, and no existing review has included studies done during or after the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review aims to answer the following questions: What are the factors associated with the mental health of CIS across different countries? Among identified factors which factors emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic, and which were exacerbated during the pandemic?

METHODS: This review follows PRISMA guidelines. Six English and three Chinese databases were searched in November 2023: PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP. All types of empirical studies were eligible. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Data were extracted and findings were narratively synthesised using a convergent approach.

RESULTS: Thirty-nine English language papers and one Chinese language paper were included. The mental health of CIS is associated with various factors, including academic issues, parents and family, language proficiency, social support, discrimination, acculturative stress, the COVID-19 pandemic, and other factors. Among these, academic-related issues are their main concern, intertwined with family expectation and Confucian cultural values. Language plays a fundamental role in their daily life. During COVID-19, other than pandemic-related fear, there was an increase in experiences of discrimination and social isolation, associated with poorer mental health. Satisfaction with online learning is related to better mental health. Concerns about face, self-esteem, perfectionism, physical health, green space usage, and other factors were also reported.

CONCLUSIONS: The mental health of CIS is associated with various factors, and it worsened during the pandemic. Universities, and professionals in education and mental health could provide resources for students to enhance language abilities, academic skills, and social networks. CIS could be more prepared academically and mentally. Suggestions on future research directions were also provided.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
*Students/psychology
*Mental Health
China/ethnology
East Asian People

@article {pmid41073977,
year = {2025},
author = {Teffera, ZH and Belay, WY and Tegegne, BA and Belew, H and Adugna, A and Laykun, Y and Tefera, S and Muche, Y and Melkamu, A and Amare, GA and Abebaw, D and Akelew, Y and Jemal, M and Getinet, M and Fenta Mengist, E and Baylie, T and Haimanot, AB and Hibistu, T and Enchalew, K},
title = {Efficacy of novel SARS-CoV2 vaccines in preventing SARS- CoV- 2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1267},
pmid = {41073977},
issn = {1471-2334},
}

@article {pmid41073371,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, RY and Yin, KF and He, SY and Su, WM and Duan, QQ and Wen, XJ and Chen, T and Shen, C and Li, JR and Cao, B and Chen, YP},
title = {Viral infections and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review.},
journal = {Translational psychiatry},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {388},
pmid = {41073371},
issn = {2158-3188},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neurodegenerative Diseases/epidemiology/virology ; *Virus Diseases/epidemiology/complications ; *Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/epidemiology/virology ; *Parkinson Disease/epidemiology/virology ; Risk Factors ; *Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology/virology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Viral infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs); however, evidence linking specific viruses to Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains inconclusive. This study conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to investigate these associations.

METHODS: Thorough searches were conducted across Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus until May 18, 2025, to identify observational studies investigating the relationship between viral infections and the risk of NDs, including AD, PD, and ALS. Meta-analyses were executed using a random-effects model with Stata MP18.0.

RESULTS: A total of 34,417 articles were identified, of which 73 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, and 48 were included in the systematic review. The analysis demonstrated that infections with cytomegalovirus (CMV) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 1.93), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.53, 2.32), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.69), and human herpesvirus (HHV) (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.51) were associated with an increased risk of AD. Regarding PD, infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.35) and HCV (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.41) were identified as risk factors. Conversely, no significant correlation was found between any viral infection and the risk of ALS.

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis supports the role of select viral infections in AD and PD pathogenesis. However, no association was found between viral infections and ALS, warranting further large, multicenter, and longitudinal studies to elucidate mechanisms and confirm causality.},
}

Humans
*Neurodegenerative Diseases/epidemiology/virology
*Virus Diseases/epidemiology/complications
*Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/epidemiology/virology
*Parkinson Disease/epidemiology/virology
Risk Factors
*Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology/virology

@article {pmid41073313,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, MC and Liu, X and Hu, K},
title = {[Intermittent hypoxia exposure in the rehabilitation of long COVID patients].},
journal = {Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases},
volume = {48},
number = {10},
pages = {961-964},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20250601-00295},
pmid = {41073313},
issn = {1001-0939},
support = {JCRCYG-2022-012//Interdisciplinary Innovative Talents Foundation from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/rehabilitation ; *Hypoxia/rehabilitation ; Quality of Life ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Fatigue ; },
abstract = {Patients recovering from COVID-19 infection often experience "Long COVID", which is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, reduced exercise capacity or dyspnea, and cognitive dysfunction. These symptoms negatively impact their quality of life. Currently, there is a lack of widely recognized therapeutic approaches or specific pharmacological interventions for managing these conditions. During intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE), participants are alternated to hypoxic and normoxic exposure, which induced beneficial adaptive responses in the body. Emerging evidence suggests that IHE can alleviate symptoms of Long COVID through mechanisms such as improving ventilatory function, enhancing cardiopulmonary endurance, modulating immune responses, and reducing inflammation. These effects contribute to an improved quality of life and more holistic recovery, highlighting the promising potential of IHE in managing long COVID.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/rehabilitation
*Hypoxia/rehabilitation
Quality of Life
SARS-CoV-2
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Fatigue

@article {pmid41073150,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, D and Zhang, J and Zeng, X and Zhang, Y and Song, E},
title = {RNA vaccines for cancer: revolutionizing immunization strategies.},
journal = {Trends in cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.trecan.2025.09.003},
pmid = {41073150},
issn = {2405-8025},
abstract = {Cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy, capable of eliciting robust antitumor immune responses by targeting tumor-associated antigens or tumor-specific antigens. Among the various vaccine platforms, RNA-based vaccines have garnered substantial attention, especially in light of the success of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review outlines the fundamental characteristics of different RNA vaccine modalities, summarizes recent clinical applications in cancer treatment, and highlights strategies aimed at improving their efficacy and safety. Furthermore, we discuss the current challenges facing RNA vaccine development and offer perspectives on future directions in this rapidly advancing field.},
}

@article {pmid41072100,
year = {2025},
author = {Kolarič, A and Jukič, M and Bren, U},
title = {Machine learning in antiviral drug design.},
journal = {Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry},
volume = {132},
number = {},
pages = {118426},
doi = {10.1016/j.bmc.2025.118426},
pmid = {41072100},
issn = {1464-3391},
abstract = {Viral infections pose a significant health threat worldwide. Due to the high mutation rates of many viruses and their reliance on host cellular machinery, the development of effective antiviral therapies is particularly difficult. As a result, only a limited number of antiviral agents is currently available. In parallel to modern vaccines, traditional antiviral drug development is both time-consuming and costly, underscoring the need for faster, more efficient approaches. In recent years, particularly since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, machine learning (ML) together with broader artificial intelligence (AI), have emerged as powerful methodologies for drug discovery and offer the potential to accelerate the identification and development of antiviral agents. This review examines the application of ML in the early stages of antiviral drug discovery, with a particular focus on recent studies where ML methods have successfully identified hit compounds with experimentally demonstrated activity in biological assays. By highlighting these successful case studies, the review illustrates the growing impact of ML in advancing the discovery of urgently needed novel antivirals.},
}

@article {pmid41071742,
year = {2025},
author = {Jano, K and Babu, TM and Kottkamp, AC and Rebolledo, PA and Parameswaran, L and Wiley, Z and Branche, AR and Kotloff, K},
title = {Historical Advances in Clinical Trial Design and Expanding Representation as the New Frontier for Innovation.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {81},
number = {Supplement_2},
pages = {S117-S124},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaf377},
pmid = {41071742},
issn = {1537-6591},
mesh = {Humans ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/history/methods ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Research Design ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; *Vaccine Development/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {Since its establishment in 1962, the Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units (VTEUs) have employed cutting-edge technologies to develop novel vaccines and therapeutics to mitigate emerging public health threats in the United States and globally. Clinical trial innovation has been the hallmark of these efforts as novel approaches to testing countermeasures are investigated in pace with advances in technology and evolving public health needs. The spectrum of trials conducted by the VTEUs ranges from proof-of-concept or first-in-human phase 1 to late-phase trials that establish efficacy and inform licensure decisions or "real world" vaccine usage such as with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rotavirus mix-and-match trials aimed to inform standard of care. The VTEUs have also been instrumental in developing experimental wild-type challenge studies to preliminarily assess vaccine immunogenicity against influenza, shigellosis, cholera, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, and malaria to help select promising vaccine candidates for further development. During the COVID-19 pandemic, novel strategies for recruitment and improved accessibility of vaccine clinical trials emerged. However, the pandemic also highlighted the need for improved representation in clinical trials and underscored the importance of community engagement. As we consider what challenges to address in the upcoming years, engagement of the population in clinical trials is critical to establishing safety and efficacy and community acceptance of vaccines and therapeutics. It is imperative to develop skills that engender community advocacy while staying on the cutting edge of science, henceforth serving as the guideposts for new frontiers in clinical trial innovation.},
}

Humans
*Clinical Trials as Topic/history/methods
COVID-19/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2
*Research Design
COVID-19 Vaccines
*Vaccine Development/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Pandemics

@article {pmid41071737,
year = {2025},
author = {Atmar, RL and Abate, G and Deming, ME and George, SL and Fleming, A and Frey, SE and Lyke, KE and Stephens, DS and Del Rio, C and El Sahly, HM},
title = {Emerging and Pandemic Pathogens: Lessons Learned From a Clinical Research Network.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {81},
number = {Supplement_2},
pages = {S89-S102},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaf380},
pmid = {41071737},
issn = {1537-6591},
support = {//Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium/ ; //Vaccine Treatment and Evaluation Units/ ; //National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; UM1AI148574/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; UM1AI148575/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; UM1AI148576/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; UM1AI148684/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; UM1AI148685/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; UM1AI148689/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Biomedical Research ; United States ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines/immunology ; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.) ; },
abstract = {Pathogens infecting humans continue to emerge or reemerge to cause outbreaks and widespread disease. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has funded Vaccine Treatment and Evaluation Units (VTEUs) for more than 50 years. VTEUs perform clinical studies to assess the safety and immunogenicity of candidate vaccines and other interventions to mitigate the impact of emerging and ongoing infectious diseases. Here, we review clinical studies conducted in the VTEUs since 2000 that have addressed emerging pathogens and other infectious agents with pandemic potential or of bioterrorism concern. The studies conducted range from phase 1 to phase 3 clinical trials, and they have included vaccines, therapeutics, and epidemiological studies. The results of the trials have guided national and often international recommendations for treatment and prevention of many of the evaluated pathogens, culminating in coronavirus disease 2019 studies that began within three months of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 identification. The VTEU network continues to be a critical public health resource for addressing emerging pathogens and expediting the development of safe and effective vaccines and treatments to protect at-risk populations.},
}

Humans
*Pandemics/prevention & control
*Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control/epidemiology
COVID-19/prevention & control
Biomedical Research
United States
Clinical Trials as Topic
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 Vaccines
Vaccines/immunology
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)

@article {pmid41070480,
year = {2025},
author = {Ghandour, M and Gerges, NE and Zeaiter, N},
title = {The Prevalence and Determinants of Mental Health Problems in Lebanon: A Meta-Analytic Study of 3957 Healthcare Workers.},
journal = {Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry},
volume = {36},
number = {},
pages = {17},
doi = {10.5080/u27427},
pmid = {41070480},
issn = {2651-3463},
mesh = {Humans ; Lebanon/epidemiology ; *Health Personnel/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Male ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Healthcare workers are continuously exposed to challenging environments, making them liable for poor mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this problem, however available data in Lebanon is scarce. We conducted this investigation to provide comprehensive evidence on the mental health of Lebanese healthcare workers.

METHODS: In this systematic review, we analyzed 3957 workers reported in 15 cross-sectional studies (10 during and five before the pandemic), identified after searching four databases. Examined mental health problems included depression, anxiety, stress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and poor sleep quality. STATA software was used to pool the prevalence across studies. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the pandemic status, severity of mental health problems, and healthcare worker type. Gender and marital status were analyzed as potential risk factors. The methodological quality of all included studies was good as per the National Institute of Health risk of bias tool.

RESULTS: Anxiety, depression, stress, PTSD, insomnia, and poor sleep quality were reported in 50%, 52%, 50%, 35%, 45%, and 41% of the population, respectively. Most cases had mild anxiety (40%), mild depression (45%), but severe stress (27%). Depression and anxiety were highest among pharmacists (69% and 56%) and nurses (49% and 45%), respectively. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, depression (36% vs. 62%) and anxiety (30% vs. 56%) rates were higher during the pandemic, while stress levels were lower (62% vs. 45%). Both gender and marital status were insignificant predictors of depression, anxiety, stress, or PTSD.

CONCLUSIONS: Depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, insomnia, and poor sleep quality are experienced by approximately one in every two Lebanese healthcare workers. The rate of depression and anxiety almost doubled during the pandemic with higher rates among pharmacists and nurses than physicians and residents. Both gender and marital status were deemed insignificant predictors of reported mental health problems.},
}

Humans
Lebanon/epidemiology
*Health Personnel/psychology/statistics & numerical data
Prevalence
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
*Mental Disorders/epidemiology
Risk Factors
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Male

@article {pmid41070200,
year = {2025},
author = {Yan, C and Lu, P and Jiang, Y and Miao, S and Zhao, L and Xu, X},
title = {2B4/CD244 Signaling in Immune Regulation and Its Role in Infection, Cancer, and Immune Tolerance.},
journal = {ImmunoTargets and therapy},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1111-1131},
pmid = {41070200},
issn = {2253-1556},
abstract = {2B4 (CD244), the fourth member of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family, is expressed by virtually all human and murine hematopoietic lineages and functions as a context-dependent activating or inhibitory receptor. This review provides a comprehensive update on the gene organization, molecular architecture, glycosylation patterns, and alternatively spliced isoforms of 2B4, highlighting how these structural variables dictate ligand (CD48) affinity and downstream signaling outcome. The roles of 2B4 in natural killer (NK) cells, CD8[+] T cells, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, B cells, eosinophils, and basophils were then systematically demonstrated, emphasizing their dual capacity to either potentiate cytotoxicity and cytokine production or enforce immune tolerance and exhaustion. Mechanistically, the balance between SLAM-associated protein (SAP)-mediated activation and SHP-1/2/SHIP-driven inhibition emerges as a central rheostat that is dynamically tuned by SAP availability, and the microenvironment. Clinically, exaggerated 2B4 signaling is associated with viral persistence in MCMV, HCV, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections, promotes tumor immune escape in melanoma, multiple myeloma, and head-and-neck cancer, and compromises maternal-fetal tolerance, whereas insufficient signaling weakens antimicrobial immunity. Parallel pre-clinical studies validate 2B4 blockade as a rational combinatorial strategy to reinvigorate exhausted CD8[+] T and NK cells, while soluble CD48 emerges as a dynamic biomarker of disease activity. Collectively, these insights redefine 2B4 as a systems-level integrator of immune homeostasis and a tractable precision-immunotherapy node whose therapeutic manipulation can rebalance immunity across infection, cancer, and pregnancy.},
}

@article {pmid40914991,
year = {2025},
author = {Mathkor, DM and Tawil, S and Johargy, AK and Faidah, H and Babalghith, AO and Jalal, NA and Bantun, F and Ahmad, F and Haque, S},
title = {Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections among Hajj pilgrims during the 2012-2025 seasons: A systematic review.},
journal = {Journal of infection and public health},
volume = {18},
number = {11},
pages = {102951},
doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102951},
pmid = {40914991},
issn = {1876-035X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/virology ; *Islam ; *Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; *Travel ; *Mass Gatherings ; Seasons ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Hajj is the largest annual mass gathering in the world, attracting more than 2 million pilgrims from 184 countries. Adverse climatic conditions and close proximity of pilgrims during Hajj rituals create a facilitating environment for the transmission of infectious agents, including multi-drug resistant organisms. Although, several individual reports have been published on specific type of infections, there is a paucity of published work reflecting the overall picture of the prevalence of pathogenic infections during Hajj.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to examine the prevalence of Hajj-associated pathogenic respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) infections during the pilgrimage sessions of 2012-2025.

RESULTS: A total of 56 studies involving Hajj pilgrims and healthcare workers in close contact with them were included. Most common respiratory viruses detected among pilgrims included influenza and rhinovirus. Bacterial pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae were also detected among the subjects. However, acquisition of the coronaviruses, MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 remained very limited and systematic screening of pilgrims showed limited infections. Amongst the pilgrims with GI infections, Escherichia coli was found to be the commonest bacterial pathogen.

CONCLUSION: This study provides the most updated overview of the prevalence of pathogenic infections during Hajj. While it appears that well-conducted multinational follow-up and post-Hajj studies are necessary for further evaluation of the impact of the Hajj on the acquisition of these pathogens, pilgrims may be at high risk of infections and may carry and transfer them to their home countries. Preventive measures, including hygiene practices and vaccination for high-risk pilgrims should be mandated.},
}

Humans
*Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/virology
*Islam
*Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology
Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
Prevalence
*Travel
*Mass Gatherings
Seasons
COVID-19/epidemiology

@article {pmid41067931,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, S and Zhang, H},
title = {Risk Factors for Maltreatment of Adolescents in Asia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.},
journal = {Trauma, violence & abuse},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {15248380251366255},
doi = {10.1177/15248380251366255},
pmid = {41067931},
issn = {1552-8324},
abstract = {Adolescent maltreatment is a public health issue with far-reaching consequences. This systematic review aimed to identify its risk factors within Asian settings. Seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, ProQuest, CNKI, and Wanfang) were systematically searched for publications published before May 3, 2024. Twenty-four studies from nine Asian countries were included. Results revealed multilevel risk factors across ecological systems. At the individual level, younger age predicted physical abuse, while male gender was associated with higher neglect and overall maltreatment rates. Poor health condition, behavioral problems, and high-risk sexual behaviors/attitudes increased vulnerability. Parental substance use and addictive behaviors consistently predicted maltreatment, while family-level factors, including economic hardship and non-traditional structures, showed robust associations. Within microsystems, poor family relationships and negative parenting patterns were found to be significant. Mesosystem risks centered on academic underperformance, while exosystem influences consistently reflected patterns in neighborhood disorganization and migration status. Evidence at the macrosystem level remains scarce, while findings concerning chronosystem factors-including COVID-19 pandemic impacts and intergenerational transmission of abuse-remain preliminary. These findings underscore the need for both rigorous longitudinal research to establish causal relationships and macro-level investigations to examine societal, cultural, and policy influences in Asian contexts, thereby building comprehensive evidence to inform culturally appropriate and multilevel prevention strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41067656,
year = {2025},
author = {Vavougios, GD and Liampas, A and Tseriotis, VS and Hadjigeorgiou, G and de Erausquin, GA},
title = {SARS-CoV-2's influence on tau and Αβ1-42 measurements: A novel potential confounder for the AT(N) framework.},
journal = {Brain, behavior, and immunity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106131},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106131},
pmid = {41067656},
issn = {1090-2139},
}

@article {pmid41067176,
year = {2025},
author = {Grossi, PA and Burra, P and Cozzi, E and Gesualdo, L and Grandaliano, G and Potena, L and Vitulo, P},
title = {An update on SARS-CoV-2 prevention strategy in solid organ transplant recipients: an expert opinion.},
journal = {Transplantation reviews (Orlando, Fla.)},
volume = {39},
number = {4},
pages = {100966},
doi = {10.1016/j.trre.2025.100966},
pmid = {41067176},
issn = {1557-9816},
abstract = {Compared to immunocompetent individuals, solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) develop a weaker immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination. Although anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can prevent symptomatic and severe disease, the SOTR population remains at risk as long as SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate. To protect transplanted patients against severe COVID-19, two primary preventive strategies have been proposed: anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with monoclonal antibodies that possess neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2. The effectiveness of vaccination varies depending on the type of organ transplanted and the immunosuppressive therapy used, whereas the effectiveness of PrEP does not depend on these factors. The timing of vaccination and PrEP administration is also crucial. A stronger immune response is observed when vaccination is conducted during the nadir of immunosuppressive therapy. However, when PrEP is administered concomitantly with the vaccine, the efficacy of the vaccination could be reduced, both in terms of antibody production and cell-mediated immunity. Therefore, PrEP should be administered at least 15 days after vaccine administration. In addition to the availability of various preventive measures against COVID-19 for the most vulnerable transplant patients, the scientific community strongly recommends adhering to protective measures, such as wearing masks, practicing hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing. These expert recommendations offer crucial guidance on preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in solid organ transplant patients and are applicable to everyday clinical practice.},
}

@article {pmid41066926,
year = {2025},
author = {Andrews, SJ and Gallagher, O and Miles, A and Crevacore, C and Mills, B},
title = {Nursing leadership and pandemic preparedness via game-based learning simulation: A narrative review (Registered nurses and undergraduate nursing students).},
journal = {Nurse education today},
volume = {156},
number = {},
pages = {106888},
doi = {10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106888},
pmid = {41066926},
issn = {1532-2793},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early progression of newly registered nurses into leadership roles is commonplace in clinical settings. Nurses and student nurses can prepare for leadership by gaining exposure through simulation-based learning. A novel and expanding modality are game-based learning (GBL) simulation. Nurse leaders play a crucial role during pandemics, guiding their teams through crises and ensuring effective response strategies. Reviewing the literature to identify the content, structure, and effectiveness of current pandemic preparedness and GBL simulation in nursing education is necessary to identify lessons learnt during the COVID-19 pandemic response to guide workforce preparation for future surge planning.

AIM: The aim of this narrative review was to explore the literature regarding current pandemic preparedness and GBL simulation in nursing education.

METHODS: This narrative review was conducted in accordance with the sequence outlined by Gregory and Denniss (2018). The review process adhered to the PRISMA protocol and used the population, concept, and context (PCC) framework to define inclusion and exclusion criteria. A search of five major healthcare databases: CINAHL Ultimate (EBSCO), Medline (Ovid), APA PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Scopus was supplemented with a grey literature search via Google Scholar.

RESULTS: Screening and review identified 48 manuscripts that met inclusion criterion. Analysis revealed variation in duration of pandemic preparedness programs (n = 30 articles), theoretical versus practical content, and face-to-face or online modes of delivery. GBL simulation (n = 18 articles) was revealed as an emerging modality in nursing education curriculum.

DISCUSSION: Existing learning strategies in use within the nursing field comprise a raft of various teaching methods which facilitate preparedness of nurses for pandemics, leadership and workforce shortages. Despite implementation challenges such as considerable resource investment and ongoing maintenance, GBL simulation achieves significant improvements in knowledge, confidence, engagement, motivation and skill acquisition among nurses and nursing students.

CONCLUSION: There is limited evidence describing pandemic preparedness training of nursing students via GBL simulation. Further research is needed to identify if GBL simulation of real-world pandemic scenarios in a low-risk setting could provide learning benefit through integration into nursing education curricula.},
}

@article {pmid41066388,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohammed, J and Parveen, A and Ubaid Chhapra, H and Naaz Mashooq, F and Shadan, M},
title = {Iron deficiency and vaccine efficacy: A mini-review of immunological interplay and evidence across vaccine types.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {2572195},
doi = {10.1080/21645515.2025.2572195},
pmid = {41066388},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *Vaccine Efficacy ; *Iron Deficiencies/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *Iron ; COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; Cytokines/immunology ; *Vaccines/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; },
abstract = {Iron deficiency (ID), the world's most prevalent micronutrient disorder, is known to impair immune function. However, its influence on vaccine efficacy remains under-explored. This mini-review examines the interplay between iron status and immunological responses to vaccines, synthesizing evidence from human and animal studies across various vaccine types. We highlight key immune mechanisms affected by iron, such as T-cell proliferation, B-cell differentiation, and cytokine modulation, and examine how these disruptions alter vaccine responsiveness. While some studies show clear negative effects of iron deficiency, particularly in pediatric and animal models, others find minimal impact, particularly with mRNA and COVID-19 vaccines. Iron supplementation appears to improve immune outcomes in several studies, though evidence varies by pathogen, vaccine type, and severity of deficiency. These findings carry important implications for global immunization strategies, especially in iron-deficient populations. We recommend that future vaccine policy and research incorporate iron status as a critical factor in optimizing vaccine effectiveness.},
}

Humans
Animals
*Vaccine Efficacy
*Iron Deficiencies/immunology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
*Iron
COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
Cytokines/immunology
*Vaccines/immunology
T-Lymphocytes/immunology

@article {pmid41065846,
year = {2025},
author = {Chang, CC and Li, YH and Chen, HH and Sun, SF},
title = {Clinical applications and molecular mechanisms for intravenous laser blood irradiation: a systematic review.},
journal = {Lasers in medical science},
volume = {40},
number = {1},
pages = {416},
pmid = {41065846},
issn = {1435-604X},
support = {TSGH-D-110120//Tri-Service General Hospital/ ; VTA114-V3-1-2//Taipei, Taichung, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tri-Service General Hospital, Academia Sinica Joint Research Program/ ; VTA114-V3-1-1//Taipei, Taichung, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Tri-Service General Hospital, Academia Sinica Joint Research Program/ ; KAFGH-ZY-A-113016//Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital/ ; KSVGH-114-102//Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Low-Level Light Therapy/methods ; Cardiovascular Diseases/radiotherapy ; *Blood/radiation effects ; Musculoskeletal Diseases/radiotherapy ; COVID-19 ; Nervous System Diseases/radiotherapy ; },
abstract = {Intravenous Laser Irradiation of Blood (ILIB) is a therapeutic approach that utilizes low-level laser energy to irradiate blood, showing potential clinical value in treating various diseases in recent years. This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine the basic principles, technological developments, biological effects, and clinical applications of ILIB, while analyzing the level of evidence and limitations of existing research. Through searching relevant literature in databases such as PubMed, this study collected research on ILIB applications in musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Results indicate that ILIB exhibits multiple biological effects, including improved blood rheological properties, enhanced erythrocyte oxygen-carrying capacity, immune regulation, and reduction of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Clinical studies suggest that ILIB has positive therapeutic effects on musculoskeletal pain, sleep disorders, pulmonary diseases, and long COVID-related cognitive impairments. However, existing research still has limitations such as small sample sizes, lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials, and non-standardized dosage parameters. Future research should focus on developing standardized treatment protocols, exploring mechanisms of action in depth, and strategies for combining with conventional therapies to further establish ILIB's position in clinical practice.},
}

Humans
*Low-Level Light Therapy/methods
Cardiovascular Diseases/radiotherapy
*Blood/radiation effects
Musculoskeletal Diseases/radiotherapy
COVID-19
Nervous System Diseases/radiotherapy

@article {pmid41065785,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohmad Misnan, N and Muhamad, A and Mohd Abd Razak, MR and Lam, KW},
title = {How does NMR support SARS-CoV-2 protein-ligand interaction studies?.},
journal = {Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41065785},
issn = {1618-2650},
support = {NMRR-23-00540-UHV//Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia/ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for effective antiviral strategies against SARS-CoV-2. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has played a critical role by providing detailed insights into protein-ligand interactions at atomic resolution. This review compiles and critically evaluates recent NMR-based findings, highlighting how these studies have supported the identification and optimization of antiviral compounds targeting viral proteins involved in replication and immune evasion. By revealing structural and dynamic details, NMR has significantly advanced structure-based drug design and enhanced the selection of promising antiviral candidates. Integration of NMR with complementary experimental methods has further improved our understanding of small molecule interactions and mechanisms of action. Looking forward, the review emphasizes the need for greater translational application of NMR findings through interdisciplinary collaboration and recommends increased integration with clinical and preclinical research. These recommendations aim to fully harness NMR's potential, thereby strengthening preparedness for future viral threats and guiding current therapeutic development efforts.},
}

@article {pmid41065710,
year = {2025},
author = {Smith, R and Brookes, C and Morris, M and Barran, P},
title = {Twenty-Five Years of High-Throughput Screening of Biological Samples with Mass Spectrometry: Current Platforms and Emerging Methods.},
journal = {Analytical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.analchem.5c02331},
pmid = {41065710},
issn = {1520-6882},
abstract = {Robust high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches for discovering new chemical entities are desirable for research and translation. Applications for which high-throughput (HT) methods are particularly required also include the screening of potential therapeutics for drug discovery and development, profiling of biofluids for disease biomarker discovery, and clinical diagnostics. Complementing the demand for HTS from specific application areas are substantial technological advancements in the fields of automation, microfluidics, and ambient ionization that facilitate highly automated and sophisticated analytical workflows. The time period spanning 2000-2025 has witnessed a significant expansion in the mass spectrometry (MS) capabilities and technology. This has included novel ionization approaches that can achieve rapid analysis with minimal solvent and sample consumption, while retaining high sensitivity and specificity in the absence of chromatography. Despite the demand for HTS methods and the well-documented analytical capabilities of MS, optical methods dominate as the HTS detection methods of choice. This perspective provides an overview of the evolution of HTS-MS over the last 25 years, focusing on emerging approaches that also provide efficient and sustainable workflows that compete with optical detection. Additionally, this perspective will highlight challenges in the field that may hinder widespread adoption and consider lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the impact of sustainability on the future of HTS-MS and analytical chemistry.},
}

@article {pmid41065536,
year = {2025},
author = {Escandell Rico, FM and Pérez Fernández, L},
title = {[Factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 vaccination in young adults: a systematic review].},
journal = {Revista espanola de salud publica},
volume = {99},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41065536},
issn = {2173-9110},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Young Adult ; *Vaccination/statistics & numerical data/psychology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Young adults may be more likely to spread COVID-19 as they have low adherence to public health guidelines and are more reluctant to get vaccinated. The purpose of this review was to provide the most current evidence regarding the assessment of adherence to COVID-19 vaccination in young adults.

METHODS: The bibliographic search was carried out in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SCOPUS, Scielo, MedLine/PubMed, Cochrane databases and in the Google Scholar search engine, with free and controlled language, using the MeSh search terms: "Treatment Adherence and Compliance", "COVID-19 Vaccines", "Young Adult". Ten selected articles were analyzed. The articles were selected based on their relevance, published in peer-reviewed academic journals and published between 2021 and 2024.

RESULTS: The main study tool represents the adherence of COVID-19 vaccines. The most important discussion topics extracted in the analyzed articles refer to concern about side effects, mistrust, beliefs or low income level.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate the need to carry out vaccination promotion programs to provide accessible, transparent and age-appropriate information. Thus, it could be considered a useful tool to improve adherence and confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration & dosage
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Young Adult
*Vaccination/statistics & numerical data/psychology

@article {pmid41064518,
year = {2025},
author = {El Zawily, A and Eckert, S and Adajar, R and Wagih, N and Elmaidomy, AH and Helmy, AM and Mustafa, M and Elshorbagi, M and Ghali, E and Fadl, RG and Bodem, J and Abdelmohsen, UR and Zaki, MYW},
title = {Comprehensive review on COVID-19: etiology, pathogenicity, and treatment.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1569013},
pmid = {41064518},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {With the unprecedented surge of severe COVID-19 cases in early 2020, researchers and medical professionals worked actively to identify effective viral infection treatments based on a scientific understanding of viruses. Over the past few years, an enormous amount of research has investigated the viral infection and replication processes following the first SARS-CoV-2 case. With this knowledge, many drugs have been explicitly created to inhibit viral replication or decrease the severity of the immune response. Additionally, scientists have utilized decades of research and techniques to expedite SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development. SARS-CoV-2, a positive-strand RNA virus, belongs to the Sarbecovirus subgroup of Betacoronaviruses. Its emergence is not unique; previous outbreaks like SARS and MERS have shaped our understanding of coronavirus-related diseases. Molecular clock analysis suggests that the ancestor of all current coronaviruses existed over 10,000 years ago, with subsequent evolution occurring around 3300-2400 BC. Researchers have explored synthetic and natural treatments alongside other antiviral therapies, corticosteroids, and immunotherapies. Additionally, using artificial intelligence and nano-based technologies enriched SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and management. In this comprehensive review, we provide recent literature on COVID-19, exploring its evolving etiology, pathogenicity, and pathophysiology, alongside developments in synthetic and natural therapeutic strategies, vaccines, artificial intelligence in diagnosis, and nano-based technologies.},
}

@article {pmid41063995,
year = {2025},
author = {Wolszczak-Biedrzycka, B and Cieślikiewicz, B and Studniarz, F and Dąbrowski, Ł and Fąs, M and Matyszkiewicz-Suchodolska, K and Harasimowicz, M and Dorf, J},
title = {Chemokines as potential biomarkers for predicting the course of COVID-19 - a review of the literature.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1662643},
pmid = {41063995},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/diagnosis ; Biomarkers/blood ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Chemokines/blood/immunology ; Prognosis ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; },
abstract = {Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, research has been ongoing to find the best diagnostic parameters to identify patients with a high risk of severe infection. Numerous studies have examined chemokine biomarkers in COVID-19 as a biomarker for high risk patients. The four main structural proteins of the SARS-CoV-2, spike protein, membrane protein, envelope protein and nucleocapsid protein enable the virus to penetrate host cells and stimulate the immune system. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells via ACE2 in upper respiratory tract the virus entries by binding to the spike protein. Uncontrolled activation and enhancement of the immune response leads to massive release of cytokines and chemokines known as cytokine storm (CS). Chemokines are described as important cytokines in COVID-19 with a potential role as prognostic factor particularly for the severity of the infection and the risk of death from complications, to identify high-risk patients. Our review contains chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL10), which level is significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 infection vs control individuals.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/diagnosis
Biomarkers/blood
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Chemokines/blood/immunology
Prognosis
Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology

@article {pmid41063068,
year = {2025},
author = {Aghajafari, F and Guzek, D and Kamal, H and Ness, A and Wall, L and McClurg, C and Pooladi-Darvish, A and Weightman, AM and Coakley, A},
title = {Vaccination models of delivery for refugees and migrants: a global scoping review.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {3396},
pmid = {41063068},
issn = {1471-2458},
support = {CoRIG II//College of Family Physicians of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Refugees/statistics & numerical data ; *Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; *Vaccination ; Global Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Refugees and migrants face inequities in healthcare and vaccination access. Diverse vaccination programs have been implemented globally among refugee and migrant populations targeting vaccine hesitancy and other barriers to vaccination. The aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview of current models of vaccination delivery of COVID-19 and other vaccines to inform best practices of vaccine delivery for refugee and migrant populations.

METHODS: A scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Eleven electronic databases, including SCOPUS, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science, as well as grey literature, were searched with keywords including: 'COVID-19', 'vaccines','immunizations', 'refugees', 'asylum seekers', and 'migrants'. The search included all studies published between January 2000 and October 2023 to capture COVID-19 and other vaccine models of delivery. The main outcome was models of delivery of COVID-19 vaccines and other vaccines for refugee or migrant populations. Models of vaccination delivery were reviewed and analyzed with the 2022 World Health Organization's Strengthening COVID-19 vaccine demand and uptake in refugees and migrants: An operational guide (2022 WHO Guide) as a guiding framework.

RESULTS: A total of n = 11,825 unique studies were identified through database searches. Thirty-three (n = 33) studies were included in this review. Fifteen studies (n = 15) related to the COVID-19 vaccine and eighteen studies (n = 18) focused on other vaccines. Studies were mainly implemented in high-income countries with the majority from the United States (n = 17). Studies targeted various migrant groupings (i.e., migrants, immigrants, refugees, and asylum-seekers), ethnic groups, and age groups globally, including various underserved populations including migrant populations. There was general alignment with most of the 2022 WHO Guide priority action areas across both COVID-19 and other vaccine studies, pointing to ongoing understandings of the importance of administratively accessible and culturally/linguistically appropriate models of vaccine delivery for refugee and migrant populations. Increasingly dominant approaches in the COVID-19 pandemic include multipronged strategies with wide community and multisectoral collaborations to co-design strategies addressing barriers. Additionally, COVID-19 vaccination models increasingly utilized innovative social media and customization strategies, including targeted communication campaigns responsive to misinformation. Although there are increased calls for the use of data to design and evaluate interventions, notable gaps remain in the collection, use and reporting of data used to conduct interventions.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings summarize vaccination models of delivery for COVID-19 and other vaccines for diverse refugee and migrant populations globally. Healthcare professionals, policy makers, and vaccination campaign planners can draw and build from strategies employed in other settings as aligned with WHO priority actions to increase equitable access to vaccines for refugee and migrant communities. Further collection and use of disaggregated and real-time data to inform and evaluate customized strategies for specific migrant groups is recommended to improve understandings of equitable vaccine delivery models.},
}

Humans
*Refugees/statistics & numerical data
*Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
*Vaccination
Global Health
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40767402,
year = {2025},
author = {Prasannan, A and Venkatachalam, K and Binesh, A},
title = {Factor VIII beyond haemophilia: a hidden regulator of venous thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction.},
journal = {Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis},
volume = {36},
number = {7},
pages = {335-346},
doi = {10.1097/MBC.0000000000001385},
pmid = {40767402},
issn = {1473-5733},
mesh = {Humans ; *Factor VIII/metabolism/genetics/physiology ; *Hemophilia A/blood/complications ; *Venous Thrombosis/blood/etiology/metabolism ; COVID-19/complications/blood ; *Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism/physiopathology/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Thrombin/metabolism ; Sepsis/blood ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Factor VIII (FVIII), a critical cofactor protein traditionally acknowledged for its deficiency in haemophilia A (HA), has been attracting interest for its substantial role in vascular disease. Recent data highlights its essential role beyond haemostasis, in the development of venous thrombosis (VT) and endothelial dysfunction influenced by genetic and acquired factors. This review summarizes the biology, synthesis, and activation of FVIII, emphasizing its role in thrombin generation and endothelial dysfunction. FVIII is implicated in inflammatory and thrombotic disorders, such as COVID-19, sepsis, and cancer-associated thrombosis. Although anticoagulant medication indirectly reduces elevated FVIII levels, direct intervention is constrained by the associated bleeding risks. Novel approaches like RNA interference, gene editing, and endothelial-specific modulation might offer compelling opportunities for the regulation of FVIII. This study highlights the potential of FVIII as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in thrombosis by integrating molecular insights with clinical data, hence promoting future precision-based therapies.},
}

Humans
*Factor VIII/metabolism/genetics/physiology
*Hemophilia A/blood/complications
*Venous Thrombosis/blood/etiology/metabolism
COVID-19/complications/blood
*Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism/physiopathology/pathology
SARS-CoV-2
Thrombin/metabolism
Sepsis/blood
Animals

@article {pmid39869829,
year = {2025},
author = {Bachy, E and Linton, K},
title = {Frontline treatment of follicular lymphoma: what will it take to change current practice?.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {146},
number = {15},
pages = {1770-1781},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2024026019},
pmid = {39869829},
issn = {1528-0020},
mesh = {Humans ; *Lymphoma, Follicular/therapy/diagnosis/drug therapy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Prognosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Follicular lymphoma is the most common subtype of indolent lymphoma. Despite multiple trials over the past decades showing improved progression-free survival with new first-line therapeutic strategies, such as anti-CD20 maintenance therapy and new glycoengineered anti-CD20 antibodies, no standardized approach has been widely adopted in routine clinical practice. Several factors may explain this, including the increased incidence of infectious adverse events associated with these therapies, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the lack of overall survival benefit despite long-term follow-up. A consensus has emerged acknowledging the high prognostic variability of follicular lymphoma, which complicates the adoption of a one-size-fits-all first-line treatment strategy. A plethora of prognostic scores (Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index [FLIPI], FLIPI2, PRIMA-Prognostic Index, m7-FLIPI, FLEX [Follicular Lymphoma Evaluation Index], 23-gene score, etc) has been proposed but none can reliably identify the ∼20% of patients who will die within 10 years of first-line immunochemotherapy and for whom a critical medical need remains despite recent therapeutic improvements. Consequently, current prognostic models mainly serve as tools to cross-compare and stratify clinical trials. In this review, we highlight current and future strategies aimed at reshaping frontline treatment paradigms to improve outcomes, including tailored approaches based on risk- or response-adapted designs, development of new predictive, rather than prognostic, tools, approaches to reduce adverse events to enhance health-related quality of life, and the potential use of T-cell-engaging therapies to improve survival in the highest risk patients.},
}

Humans
*Lymphoma, Follicular/therapy/diagnosis/drug therapy
COVID-19/epidemiology
Prognosis
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41063671,
year = {2024},
author = {Walsh, KA and O'Donnell, H and O'Loughlin, M and Eames, H and Jiang, J and O'Brien, KM and Broderick, N and O'Brien, KK and Carrigan, M and Comber, L and Cardwell, K and Quigley, J and Smith, SM and Ó Murchú, É and Butler, K and Corcoran, B and Connolly, K and Harrington, P and Ryan, M and O'Neill, M},
title = {Duration of protective immunity following COVID-19 vaccination of individuals with underlying health conditions: A rapid review.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {e2504},
doi = {10.1002/rmv.2504},
pmid = {41063671},
issn = {1099-1654},
support = {/HRBI_/Health Research Board/Ireland ; },
abstract = {The World Health Organization has stated that the primary goal of immunisation in the COVID-19 pandemic remains to protect against hospitalisation, severe disease and death. Vaccination is particularly important for those with underlying health conditions given the high risk of severe disease in this population. The aim of this review was to examine the change in efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination over time in individuals with underlying conditions. A rapid review was undertaken in Cochrane, Embase, Medline, Europe PMC, MedRxiv and Google Scholar from 01/01/2020 to 27/10/2021. A total of 14 unique studies (3 randomised controlled trials and 11 observational studies) were included. Overall, there was limited and inconsistent evidence regarding vaccine efficacy and effectiveness in those with underlying health conditions. However, the evidence suggests potentially faster waning of vaccine effectiveness against infection, severe disease and death in individuals with underlying conditions, particularly for older adults with these conditions, and in those who are immunocompromised. Protection in younger age groups with underlying conditions who are not immunocompromised, may be largely comparable to that observed in the general population, though this is uncertain. Given the significant burden of infection on individuals with underlying conditions, any small decrease in protection is likely to have a substantial impact in this population. Hence, the evidence supports a policy of providing additional doses to those who are immunocompromised, and boosters to all those with underlying health conditions. Further research is required to understand the impact of new variants on vaccine efficacy/effectiveness in this population.},
}

@article {pmid41063178,
year = {2025},
author = {Derakhshani, N and Aghdam, ET and Nafar, H and Tavakoli, ME and Gladkova, L and Pouyan, SN and Joudyian, N},
title = {Identifying the effective strategies in reducing the effects of mental health issues caused by COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare providers: a systematic review.},
journal = {BMC health services research},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1323},
pmid = {41063178},
issn = {1472-6963},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic was among the most stressful global events that caused a significant workload on healthcare systems and profoundly impacted the mental health of healthcare workers. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of strategies to reduce the effects of mental health issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare providers.

METHODS: The current research is a systematic review. The required data was obtained from the databases ProQuest, Embase, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar search engine using related keywords. The study had no time limit. EndNote 20 was used to manage the articles. Various quality appraisal JBI tools were used to assess the quality of studies. Content analysis was used to analyze the obtained data.

FINDINGS: Out of the total 7933 primary articles, 20 were selected and entered the current study. The implemented interventions were analyzed based on the utilized strategies and categorized into four primary groups: comprehensive support package strategy, psychological training, psychological support with online consultations, and strategies related to sports and music therapy. These interventions were generally effective in promoting the mental health of healthcare providers in the short term.

CONCLUSION: The results indicated that appropriate interventions for critical conditions and the utilization of modern technologies positively affected healthcare workers' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. To improve the sustainability and effectiveness of such interventions, it is recommended that healthcare systems institutionalize psychosocial support within occupational health programs, develop organizational policies for continuous mental health support, and enhance access to digital platforms. Furthermore, incorporating mental health education, conducting regular psychological assessments, and adapting interventions to local socio-cultural contexts can foster greater acceptance and lead to more sustainable outcomes.},
}