@article {pmid31428782, year = {2019}, author = {Aigbedion-Atalor, PO and Hill, MP and Zalucki, MP and Obala, F and Idriss, GE and Midingoyi, SK and Chidege, M and Ekesi, S and Mohamed, SA}, title = {The South America Tomato Leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Spreads Its Wings in Eastern Africa: Distribution and Socioeconomic Impacts.}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toz220}, pmid = {31428782}, issn = {1938-291X}, abstract = {Following the arrival of Tuta absoluta Meyrick in the eastern African subregion in 2012, several studies have shown numerous ecological aspects of its invasion. We investigated the impact of T. absoluta on people's livelihoods across four counties of Kenya. Here, 200 farmers in the country were interviewed in person using semistructured questionnaires. In addition to livelihood surveys, T. absoluta distribution was mapped between 2016 and 2018 to determine its current distribution across four countries (Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda) in the subregion. Albeit a recent invader, T. absoluta is abundant and distributed throughout the subregion and is viewed as the worst invasive alien species of agriculturally sustainable livelihoods by tomato farmers. The arrival of T. absoluta in the subregion has resulted in livelihood losses and increased both the cost of tomato production and frequency of pesticide application. We recommend the implementation of biological control along, with other control measures in an integrated approach, against T. absoluta in the subregion, where its impact on sustainable livelihoods is serious and long-term control strategies are required to curb its detrimental effects.}, }
@article {pmid31427653, year = {2019}, author = {Maggiora, R and Saccani, M and Milanesio, D and Porporato, M}, title = {An Innovative Harmonic Radar to Track Flying Insects: the Case of Vespa velutina.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {11964}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-48511-8}, pmid = {31427653}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {LIFE14/NAT/IT/001128 STOPVESPA//European Commission (EC)/ ; LIFE14/NAT/IT/001128 STOPVESPA//European Commission (EC)/ ; LIFE14/NAT/IT/001128 STOPVESPA//European Commission (EC)/ ; LIFE14/NAT/IT/001128 STOPVESPA//European Commission (EC)/ ; }, abstract = {Over the last 30 years, harmonic radars have been effective only in tracking insects flying at low altitude and over flat terrain. We developed an innovative harmonic radar, implementing the most advanced radar techniques, which covers a large field of view in elevation (with an angular aperture of about 24°) and can track insects up to a range of 500 m. We show all the components of this new harmonic radar and its first application, the tracking of Vespa velutina (yellow-legged Asian hornet). This is an invasive species which, although indigenous to South-East Asia, is spreading quickly to other regions of the world. Because of its fast diffusion and the serious threat it poses to both honeybee colonies and to humans, control measures are mandatory. When equipped with a small passive transponder, this radar system can track the flight trajectory of insects and locate nests to be destroyed. This tool has potential not only for monitoring V. velutina but also for tracking other larger insects and small size vertebrates.}, }
@article {pmid31426224, year = {2019}, author = {Miralles, L and Parrondo, M and Hernández de Rojas, A and Garcia-Vazquez, E and Borrell, YJ}, title = {Development and validation of eDNA markers for the detection of Crepidula fornicata in environmental samples.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {146}, number = {}, pages = {827-830}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.050}, pmid = {31426224}, issn = {1879-3363}, abstract = {The invasive Crepidula fornicata caused major problems along the European Atlantic coast, especially in France and Netherlands where high densities leads on changes in the habitat, disturb native marine wildlife as well as it originates competition for space and food. Despite its dangerous invasive nature, regular monitoring to alert about its presence in risk areas, like the south Bay of Biscay (Spain and south France), is not done yet. Here, we developed a species-specific marker to detect the presence of C. fornicata in environmental samples (eDNA) of seawater. The novel C. fornicata specific primers amplified a region of 239 bp within the COI gen. We employed this tool to check its presence in 6 estuaries of the Cantabrian Sea, an area comprised between the Spanish and French limits of the previously reported presence of this limpet in the south Bay of Biscay. The presence of C. fornicata was confirmed in A Coruña (Galicia, Spain), Eo and Villaviciosa estuaries (Asturias, Spain) while it was not detected in Santander, Bilbao (Spain), and Bayonne (France). This new method to detect C. fornicata could be easily implemented in regular monitoring to prevent and manage future invasions of this species.}, }
@article {pmid31426141, year = {2019}, author = {Purba, NP and Handyman, DIW and Pribadi, TD and Syakti, AD and Pranowo, WS and Harvey, A and Ihsan, YN}, title = {Marine debris in Indonesia: A review of research and status.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {146}, number = {}, pages = {134-144}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.057}, pmid = {31426141}, issn = {1879-3363}, abstract = {With the status as the world's top contributor of marine plastic debris, Indonesia has committed to reduce marine plastic debris up to 70% in 2025 by establishing the National Action Plan (NAP) on Marine Debris. The high amount of marine plastic debris as a result of transport and accumulation become a complex issue in Indonesia due to its ocean-atmospheric circulation, high population of coastal communities, and marine activities. Based on our findings, there are gap of publications related to marine debris in Indonesia that had been already published. Marine debris is ubiquitous and transboundary, as they were found in marine environment and transported by currents to various direction including uninhabited islands, thus, we propose more comprehensive future research about the impact of marine debris on ecosystem (e.g. biological impact of organisms in the water column, ecological alteration in distribution pattern, and invasive species), human health, and economic loss.}, }
@article {pmid31037725, year = {2019}, author = {Rodríguez, H and Bañón, R and Ramilo, A}, title = {The hidden companion of non-native fishes in north-east Atlantic waters.}, journal = {Journal of fish diseases}, volume = {42}, number = {7}, pages = {1013-1021}, doi = {10.1111/jfd.13005}, pmid = {31037725}, issn = {1365-2761}, support = {070401150009//CSIC and Xunta de Galicia agreement/ ; }, mesh = {Animals ; Anisakis/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Ascaridoidea/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Atlantic Ocean ; Climate Change ; Female ; Fish Diseases/*parasitology ; Fishes/*parasitology ; *Introduced Species ; Larva/genetics ; Male ; Temperature ; Tropical Climate ; }, abstract = {A tropicalization phenomenon of ichthyofauna has been described in the last decades in Galicia (north-eastern Atlantic), with increasing reports of tropical and subtropical fishes appearing northward this distribution range. A search for parasites was carried out in the digestive tract of two specimens first captured in Galician waters: the prickly puffer Ephippion guttifer (Tetraodontidae) and the African stripped grunt Parapristipoma octolineatum (Haemulidae). Examination of E. guttifer showed high intensity of nematodes, from three different genera: Cucullanus (Cucullanidae), Hysterothylacium (Raphidascaridae) and Anisakis (Anisakidae), with demonstrated pathogenicity to humans. Molecular identification allowed the identification of Anisakis pegreffii, already described in the area, and first reports for European waters of Cucullanus dodsworthi, Hysterothylacium reliquens and a new Hysterothylacium sp. P. octolineatum showed a far lower level of parasitization, with two Hysterothylacium larvae, genetically identified as Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum, also its first report in the eastern Atlantic. Thus, possible ecological impact of the occurrence of two non-native individual fishes in a new area could be remarkably higher if we see this issue through the lens of the parasitological perspective, as far as only two individual fish can harbour more of one hundred nematode parasites belonging to different species, most of them also new species for that area.}, }
@article {pmid31424325, year = {2019}, author = {Taggart, PL and Fancourt, BA and Fabijan, J and Peacock, DE and Speight, KN and Caraguel, CGB and McAllister, MM}, title = {No Evidence of Toxoplasma Gondii Exposure in South Australian Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus).}, journal = {The Journal of parasitology}, volume = {105}, number = {4}, pages = {638-641}, pmid = {31424325}, issn = {1937-2345}, abstract = {Infection with the cat-borne parasite Toxoplasma gondii has been detected in numerous Australian marsupials and can lead to severe disease (toxoplasmosis) in some cases. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma on Kangaroo Island, South Australia has been reported to be higher than the South Australian mainland in macropods, cats, and sheep, suggesting an increased risk of infection on this island. However, Toxoplasma seroprevalence in small- and medium-sized terrestrial mammals was almost zero on the island and did not differ from that on the mainland. We surveyed Toxoplasma seroprevalence in koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations on the island and on the mainland and assessed their risk of infection and their role in the life cycle of Toxoplasma. All screened koalas from the island (n = 94) and the mainland (n = 63) were seronegative. This represents the largest Toxoplasma seroprevalence survey in this species and provided sufficient evidence to confidently demonstrate freedom from parasite exposure in both island and mainland populations at the time of the survey. Because koalas are extensively arboreal and predominately consume tree foliage, they appear to be at negligible risk of Toxoplasma infection. Furthermore, as koalas are rarely consumed by cats, we suggest that they have a minor role in the parasite's life cycle.}, }
@article {pmid31422435, year = {2019}, author = {Rojas-Hucks, S and Gutleb, AC and González, CM and Contal, S and Mehennaoui, K and Jacobs, A and Witters, HE and Pulgar, J}, title = {Xenopus laevis as a Bioindicator of Endocrine Disruptors in the Region of Central Chile.}, journal = {Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00244-019-00661-6}, pmid = {31422435}, issn = {1432-0703}, support = {DI-592-14//Universidad Andres Bello/ ; }, abstract = {One of the direct causes of biodiversity loss is environmental pollution resulting from the use of chemicals. Different kinds of chemicals, such as persistent organic pollutants and some heavy metals, can be endocrine disruptors, which act at low doses over a long period of time and have a negative effect on the reproductive and thyroid system in vertebrates worldwide. Research on the effects of endocrine disruptors and the use of bioindicators in neotropical ecosystems where pressure on biodiversity is high is scarce. In Chile, although endocrine disruptors have been detected at different concentrations in the environments of some ecosystems, few studies have been performed on their biological effects in the field. In this work, Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog), an introduced species, is used as a bioindicator for the presence of endocrine disruptors in aquatic systems with different degrees of contamination in a Mediterranean zone in central Chile. For the first time for Chile, alterations are described that can be linked to exposure to endocrine disruptors, such as vitellogenin induction, decreased testosterone in male frogs, and histological changes in gonads. Dioxin-like and oestrogenic activity was detected in sediments at locations where it seem to be related to alterations found in the frogs. In addition, an analysis of land use/cover use revealed that urban soil was the best model to explain the variations in frog health indicators. This study points to the usefulness of an invasive species as a bioindicator for the presence of endocrine-disruptive chemicals.}, }
@article {pmid31422300, year = {2019}, author = {Mohd Zaideen, IM}, title = {The paradox in implementing Ballast Water Management Convention 2004 (BWMC) in Malaysian water.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {148}, number = {}, pages = {3-4}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.041}, pmid = {31422300}, issn = {1879-3363}, abstract = {The strategic location of Malaysia along the world's busiest trade waterways underscores the need to cope ballast water issues for both domestic and international shipping. The adoption of Ballast Water Management Convention 2004 (BWMC) by the International Maritime Organization is suitable for management plans intended to prevent the introduction of invasive species through ballast water discharge. Malaysia has ratified the BWMC in September 2010 and the Convention has come into force in September 2017. However up to now, the BWMC has not been fully implemented by Malaysia for ships operating in its waters. This paper analyse the headway in implementing the provisions of the BWMC in Malaysia as well as the issues and challenges encountered for the implementation. The paper concludes that Malaysian government should promulgate laws and policies to clearly communicate on ballast water issues to the shipping industry communities.}, }
@article {pmid31065101, year = {2019}, author = {Tollefson, J}, title = {Humans are driving one million species to extinction.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {569}, number = {7755}, pages = {171}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-019-01448-4}, pmid = {31065101}, issn = {1476-4687}, mesh = {Agriculture/economics/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence/methods/trends ; Ecosystem ; Endangered Species/economics/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Environmental Policy/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; *Extinction, Biological ; Global Warming/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; *Human Activities ; Introduced Species/statistics & numerical data/trends ; United Nations ; }, }
@article {pmid31419603, year = {2019}, author = {Jeffrey, JD and Jeffries, KM and Suski, CD}, title = {Physiological status of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the Illinois River: An assessment of fish at the leading edge of the invasion front.}, journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics}, volume = {32}, number = {}, pages = {100614}, doi = {10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100614}, pmid = {31419603}, issn = {1878-0407}, abstract = {Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) are invasive to North America, and their range has expanded within the Mississippi River Basin, seemingly unchecked, since their introduction in the late 1970s, with the exception of the upper reaches of the Illinois River. With the imminent threat of their movement into the Great Lakes, the goal of the present study was to assess whether differences in the physiological status between silver carp at the leading edge of their invasion front and core population sites could explain their lack of expansion upstream toward Lake Michigan over the past decade. A transcriptomic approach using RNA sequencing and analysis of plasma variables were used to quantify differences among fish at the leading edge and two downstream core population sites. Leading-edge fish exhibited upregulation of genes associated with xenobiotic defense (e.g., ATP-binding cassette C1 [abcc1], abcc2, abcc6), decreased cell integrity (i.e., macroautophagy and apoptosis; autophagy-related protein 9A [atg9a], caspase 3b [casp3b]), and cholesterol metabolism (e.g., abca1, apolipoprotein A1 [apoa1], sterol O-acyltransferase [soat1]) and downregulation of genes associated with DNA repair (e.g., tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 [tp53bp1]) compared to core population sites. Transcriptomic profiles of leading-edge fish were consistent with fish inhabiting a polluted environment and suggest that poorer water quality conditions upstream of the leading edge may represent a non-permanent barrier to silver carp range expansion. The present study provides potential molecular targets for monitoring the physiological status of silver carp over time and in response to future improvements in water quality upstream of their leading edge.}, }
@article {pmid31418921, year = {2019}, author = {Niemiec, RM and Asner, GP and Gaertner, JA and Brodrick, PG and Vaughn, N and Heckler, J and Hughes, F and Keith, L and Matsumoto, T}, title = {Using spatially explicit, time-dependent analysis to understand how social factors influence conservation outcomes.}, journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/cobi.13409}, pmid = {31418921}, issn = {1523-1739}, abstract = {Conservation across human-dominated landscapes requires an understanding of the social and ecological factors driving outcomes. Studies that link conservation outcomes to social and ecological factors have examined temporally static patterns. However, there may be different social and ecological processes driving increases and decreases in conservation outcomes that can only be revealed through temporal analyses. Through a case study of the invasion of Falcataria moluccana in Hawaii, we examined the association of social factors with increases and decreases in invader distributions over time and space. Over 7 years, rates of invader decrease varied substantially (66-100%) relative to social factors, such as building value, whether land was privately or publically owned, and primary residence by a homeowner, whereas rates of increase varied only slightly (<0.1-3.6%) relative to such factors. These findings suggest that links between social factors and invasion in the study system may be driven more by landowners controlling existing invasive species, rather than by landowners preventing the spread of invasive species. We suggest that spatially explicit, time-dependent analyses provide a more nuanced understanding of the way social factors influence conservation outcomes. Such an understanding can help managers develop outreach programs and policies targeted at different types of landowners in human-dominated landscapes. Article Impact Statement: Spatially explicit, time-dependent analysis reveals whether social-factor and conservation-outcome links are due to preservation or restoration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31418193, year = {2019}, author = {Li, ZP and Zhao, J and Chen, YB and Chen, H and Lin, N and Qiu, RZ}, title = {[Spatial variation and driving factors of invasive plants in Fujian Province, China].}, journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology}, volume = {30}, number = {8}, pages = {2682-2690}, doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.201908.010}, pmid = {31418193}, issn = {1001-9332}, abstract = {Based on the field investigation data and the integration GIS spatial methods and geographical detector model, we analyzed the main and interactive effects of geographical and social environmental factors on the distribution of invasive plants in Fujian Province, China. The results showed that a total of 82 invasive plant species were recorded, with Compositae as the dominant family. Conyza canadensis, Ageratum conyzoides, and Alternanthera philoxeroides had the highest frequencies. There were more invasive species in coastal areas than in inland areas. Fuzhou and Xiamen were the hot areas for plant invaision. The invasive plants widely distributed at different altitudes, and the invasion reduced with the increasing altitude. The geographical detector analysis showed that rainfall as a natural environment factor and road density and people density as socio-economy factors were the major driving factors for the distribution of invasive plant species. The multi-factor interaction had a positive effect on the spatial distribution of invasive plants, implying the complexity of impact factors on the distribution of invasive plant species. In conclusion, the geographical detector could be used in the studies of invasive plants, and environmental factors could be also applied for monitoring the suitable establishment areas of invasive plants in Fujian Province. Our results provide a scientific basis for effective management of invasive plants.}, }
@article {pmid31417622, year = {2019}, author = {Geladi, I and De León, LF and Torchin, ME and Hendry, AP and González, R and Sharpe, DMT}, title = {100-year time series reveal little morphological change following impoundment and predator invasion in two Neotropical characids.}, journal = {Evolutionary applications}, volume = {12}, number = {7}, pages = {1385-1401}, doi = {10.1111/eva.12763}, pmid = {31417622}, issn = {1752-4571}, abstract = {Human activities are dramatically altering ecosystems worldwide, often resulting in shifts in selection regimes. In response, natural populations sometimes undergo rapid phenotypic changes, which, if adaptive, can increase their probability of persistence. However, in many instances, populations fail to undergo any phenotypic change, which might indicate a variety of possibilities, including maladaptation. In freshwater ecosystems, the impoundment of rivers and the introduction of exotic species are among the leading threats to native fishes. We examined how the construction of the Panama Canal, which formed Lake Gatun, and the subsequent invasion of the predatory Cichla monoculus influenced the morphology of two native fishes: Astyanax ruberrimus and Roeboides spp. Using a 100-year time series, we studied variation in overall body shape over time (before vs. after impoundment and invasion) as well as across space (between an invaded and an uninvaded reservoir). In addition, we examined variation in linear morphological traits associated with swim performance and predator detection/avoidance. Notwithstanding a few significant changes in particular traits in particular comparisons, we found only limited evidence for morphological change associated with these two stressors. Most observed changes were subtle, and tended to be site- and species-specific. The lack of a strong morphological response to these stressors, coupled with dramatic population declines in both species, suggests they may be maladapted to the anthropogenically perturbed environment of Lake Gatun, but direct measures of fitness would be needed to test this. In general, our results suggest that morphological responses to anthropogenic disturbances can be very limited and, when they do occur, are often complex and context-dependent.}, }
@article {pmid31417614, year = {2019}, author = {Gering, E and Incorvaia, D and Henriksen, R and Wright, D and Getty, T}, title = {Maladaptation in feral and domesticated animals.}, journal = {Evolutionary applications}, volume = {12}, number = {7}, pages = {1274-1286}, doi = {10.1111/eva.12784}, pmid = {31417614}, issn = {1752-4571}, abstract = {Selection regimes and population structures can be powerfully changed by domestication and feralization, and these changes can modulate animal fitness in both captive and natural environments. In this review, we synthesize recent studies of these two processes and consider their impacts on organismal and population fitness. Domestication and feralization offer multiple windows into the forms and mechanisms of maladaptation. Firstly, domestic and feral organisms that exhibit suboptimal traits or fitness allow us to identify their underlying causes within tractable research systems. This has facilitated significant progress in our general understandings of genotype-phenotype relationships, fitness trade-offs, and the roles of population structure and artificial selection in shaping domestic and formerly domestic organisms. Additionally, feralization of artificially selected gene variants and organisms can reveal or produce maladaptation in other inhabitants of an invaded biotic community. In these instances, feral animals often show similar fitness advantages to other invasive species, but they are also unique in their capacities to modify natural ecosystems through introductions of artificially selected traits. We conclude with a brief consideration of how emerging technologies such as genome editing could change the tempos, trajectories, and ecological consequences of both domestication and feralization. In addition to providing basic evolutionary insights, our growing understanding of mechanisms through which artificial selection can modulate fitness has diverse and important applications-from enhancing the welfare, sustainability, and efficiency of agroindustry, to mitigating biotic invasions.}, }
@article {pmid31414400, year = {2019}, author = {Pazmiño-Palomino, A and Mendoza, J and Brito-Vera, GA}, title = {First Record of Invasive Tawny Crazy Ant Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Continental Ecuador and Notes on Its Ecology in Sugarcane Crops.}, journal = {Neotropical entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s13744-019-00709-1}, pmid = {31414400}, issn = {1678-8052}, abstract = {We report the first known record of the tawny crazy ant Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) in continental Ecuador. In addition, we describe the mutualistic association between ants and white aphids Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) in a sugarcane crop. Finally, we highlight the necessity to carry out studies of this nature due to an increasing number of invasive ant species in Ecuador and their potential damage to agricultural and natural ecosystems.}, }
@article {pmid31411547, year = {2019}, author = {Dennert, F and Meyer, JB and Rigling, D and Prospero, S}, title = {Assessing the phytosanitary risk posed by an intraspecific invasion of Cryphonectria parasitica in Europe.}, journal = {Phytopathology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1094/PHYTO-06-19-0197-R}, pmid = {31411547}, issn = {0031-949X}, abstract = {Intraspecific cryptic invasions may occur when new strains of an invasive species are introduced into an area where this species had already been introduced previously. In plant pathogens, such invasions are not well studied, even if potentially they can have severe consequences. Here, we investigated the effects of a potential intraspecific invasion in Europe of Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight. Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that (1) non-European strains are more virulent on Castanea sativa than those already present in Europe because they have never encountered this new host, and (2) the variation in virulence among strains is higher within native than within introduced populations. In a greenhouse, two-year old C. sativa seedlings were inoculated with C. parasitica strains from South Korea, the USA and Switzerland and lesion development and seedling mortality weekly recorded. Additionally, growth and sporulation of the strains were measured in vitro on agar medium at 15 and 24 °C. While lesion growth was similar for all strains, seedlings inoculated with strains from South Korea and Switzerland died faster than seedlings inoculated with strains from the USA. Moreover, in vitro strains from South Korea grew faster and produced more spores at both temperatures than the strains from the other two countries. In conclusion, our results did not support the two hypotheses. All strains, regardless of their origin, were found to be highly virulent on the inoculated chestnut seedlings. Nevertheless, current phytosanitary measures to avoid the introduction of new genotypes of C. parasitica into Europe should be further implemented.}, }
@article {pmid31410272, year = {2019}, author = {Pimsler, ML and Sze, SH and Saenz, S and Fu, S and Tomberlin, JK and Tarone, AM}, title = {Gene expression correlates of facultative predation in the blow fly Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae).}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {15}, pages = {8690-8701}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5413}, pmid = {31410272}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Effects of intraguild predation (IGP) on omnivores and detritivores are relatively understudied when compared to work on predator guilds. Functional genetic work in IGP is even more limited, but its application can help answer a range of questions related to ultimate and proximate causes of this behavior. Here, we integrate behavioral assays and transcriptomic analysis of facultative predation in a blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to evaluate the prevalence, effect, and correlated gene expression of facultative predation by the invasive species Chrysomya rufifacies. Field work observing donated human cadavers indicated facultative predation by C. rufifacies on the native blow fly Cochliomyia macellaria was rare under undisturbed conditions, owing in part to spatial segregation between species. Laboratory assays under conditions of starvation showed predation had a direct fitness benefit (i.e., survival) to the predator. As a genome is not available for C. rufifacies, a de novo transcriptome was developed and annotated using sequence similarity to Drosophila melanogaster. Under a variety of assembly parameters, several genes were identified as being differentially expressed between predators and nonpredators of this species, including genes involved in cell-to-cell signaling, osmotic regulation, starvation responses, and dopamine regulation. Results of this work were integrated to develop a model of the processes and genetic regulation controlling facultative predation.}, }
@article {pmid31410262, year = {2019}, author = {Muha, TP and Skukan, R and Borrell, YJ and Rico, JM and Garcia de Leaniz, C and Garcia-Vazquez, E and Consuegra, S}, title = {Contrasting seasonal and spatial distribution of native and invasive Codium seaweed revealed by targeting species-specific eDNA.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {15}, pages = {8567-8579}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5379}, pmid = {31410262}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Aim: Codium fragile, an invasive seaweed, has spread widely during the last century, impacting on local seaweed communities through competition and disturbance. Early detection of C. fragile can help on its control and management. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has proved successful for early detection of aquatic invasive species but its potential use for seaweed remains understudied. We used a species-specific eDNA qPCR approach to investigate the spatial distribution, abundance, and coexistence of the invasive C. fragile and three native Codium species (Codium vermilara, Codium tomentosum, and Codium decorticatum) in the Cantabrian Sea.<br><br>Location: Bay of Biscay, Northern Atlantic Coast of the Iberian Peninsula; two ports, a beach and a rocky cliff.<br><br>Methods: We designed species-specific primers in barcoding regions targeting short fragments of the rbcL gene for the invasive Codium species, and the elongation factor Tu (tufA) gene for the native species, to assess their spatial and seasonal distributions using quantitative real-time PCR in samples collected during summer, autumn, and winter.<br><br>Results: We found seasonal differences in the presence of the invasive Codium fragile and two of the native Codium species, but did not detect C. decorticatum at any point. Species distribution patterns produced with qPCR targeting species-specific eDNA coincided with the known distribution based on previous conventional sampling, with a seasonal alternance of C. fragile and C. vermilara, and a marked dominance of invasive C. fragile in ports, which are known hotspots for invasive species.<br><br>Main conclusions: Our results demonstrate the utility of using eDNA for early detection and monitoring of invasive seaweed. Native and invasive Codium spp. displayed significant seasonal and spatial differentiation that needs to be taken into account in risk management. Regular monitoring of ports and adjacent areas using eDNA should help to assess the potential expansion of invasive Codium and the need for management interventions to avoid the displacement of native seaweed.}, }
@article {pmid31405065, year = {2019}, author = {Shang, L and Hu, Z and Deng, Y and Liu, Y and Zhai, X and Chai, Z and Liu, X and Zhan, Z and Dobbs, FC and Tang, YZ}, title = {Metagenomic Sequencing Identifies Highly Diverse Assemblages of Dinoflagellate Cysts in Sediments from Ships' Ballast Tanks.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {7}, number = {8}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/microorganisms7080250}, pmid = {31405065}, issn = {2076-2607}, support = {U1606404//NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences/ ; 41476142//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 61533011//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 41606126//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 41506143//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2016ASKJ02//Scientific and Technological Innovation Project Financially Supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology/ ; LMEES-CTSP-2018-1//Creative Team Project of the Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology/ ; }, abstract = {Ships' ballast tanks have long been known as vectors for the introduction of organisms. We applied next-generation sequencing to detect dinoflagellates (mainly as cysts) in 32 ballast tank sediments collected during 2001-2003 from ships entering the Great Lakes or Chesapeake Bay and subsequently archived. Seventy-three dinoflagellates were fully identified to species level by this metagenomic approach and single-cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sequencing, including 19 toxic species, 36 harmful algal bloom (HAB) forming species, 22 previously unreported as producing cysts, and 55 reported from ballast tank sediments for the first time (including 13 freshwater species), plus 545 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) not fully identified due to a lack of reference sequences, indicating tank sediments are repositories of many previously undocumented taxa. Analyses indicated great heterogeneity of species composition among samples from different sources. Light and scanning electron microscopy and single-cell PCR sequencing supported and confirmed results of the metagenomic approach. This study increases the number of fully identified dinoflagellate species from ballast tank sediments to 142 (> 50% increase). From the perspective of ballast water management, the high diversity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of dinoflagellates in ballast tanks argues for continuing research and stringent adherence to procedures intended to prevent unintended introduction of non-indigenous toxic and HAB-forming species.}, }
@article {pmid29234116, year = {2017}, author = {Neilly, H and Schwarzkopf, L}, title = {The response of an arboreal mammal to livestock grazing is habitat dependant.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {17382}, pmid = {29234116}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Animals ; Australia ; *Ecosystem ; Forests ; Grassland ; Introduced Species ; *Livestock ; Poaceae ; *Population Dynamics ; Trees ; *Trichosurus ; }, abstract = {Inappropriate livestock grazing is implicated in the decline of vertebrate fauna species globally. Faunal responses to grazing can interact with the vegetation community in which they occur. We measured the response of an arboreal marsupial, the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula vulpecula) to different cattle grazing strategies and vegetation types, and examined whether micro-habitat selection is driving this response. We hypothesised that where arboreal habitat is intact, brushtail possums would be resistant to the impacts of heavy grazing. We conducted a mark-recapture survey among four grazing treatments and in two vegetation types (Box and Ironbark), at a 20-year grazing trial in northern Australia. We found that brushtail possums were resistant to the impact of heavy grazing in both vegetation types, but preferred the heavy grazing treatment in the Box vegetation type. Complex arboreal habitat and low ground cover was preferred, and high grass cover and low tree species richness avoided. Most individuals exclusively used one vegetation type, with few using both, suggesting a 'matrix' vegetation between the Box and Ironbark may be creating a movement barrier. Vegetation type should provide a context for determining the benefits to arboreal wildlife of adopting a particular grazing management strategy.}, }
@article {pmid31400190, year = {2019}, author = {Auffret, AG and Thomas, CD}, title = {Synergistic and antagonistic effects of land use and non-native species on community responses to climate change.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.14765}, pmid = {31400190}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {2015-1065//Swedish Research Council Formas/ ; }, abstract = {Climate change, land-use change and introductions of non-native species are key determinants of biodiversity change worldwide. However, the extent to which anthropogenic drivers of environmental change interact to affect biological communities is largely unknown, especially over longer time periods. Here, we show that plant community composition in 996 Swedish landscapes has consistently shifted to reflect the warmer and wetter climate that the region has experienced during the second half of the 20th century. Using community climatic indices, which reflect the average climatic associations of the species within each landscape at each time period, we found that species compositions in 74% of landscapes now have a higher representation of warm-associated species than they did previously, while 84% of landscapes now host more species associated with higher levels of precipitation. In addition to a warmer and wetter climate, there have also been large shifts in land use across the region, while the fraction of non-native species has increased in the majority of landscapes. Climatic warming at the landscape level appeared to favour the colonization of warm-associated species, while also potentially driving losses in cool-associated species. However, the resulting increases in community thermal means were apparently buffered by landscape simplification (reduction in habitat heterogeneity within landscapes) in the form of increased forest cover. Increases in non-native species, which generally originate from warmer climates than Sweden, were a strong driver of community-level warming. In terms of precipitation, both landscape simplification and increases in non-natives appeared to favour species associated with drier climatic conditions, to some extent counteracting the climate-driven shift towards wetter communities. Anthropogenic drivers can act both synergistically and antagonistically to determine trajectories of change in biological communities over time. Therefore, it is important to consider multiple drivers of global change when trying to understand, manage and predict biodiversity in the future.}, }
@article {pmid31400182, year = {2019}, author = {Zhao, Z and Hui, C and Plant, RE and Su, M and Papadopoulos, NT and Carpenter, TE and Li, Z and Carey, JR}, title = {The failure of success: Cyclic recurrences of a globally invasive pest.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1991}, pmid = {31400182}, issn = {1051-0761}, abstract = {For the past six decades since 1960 the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), has been announced successfully eradicated in California by the US Department of Agriculture for a total of 564 times. This includes eradication declarations in 1 city a total of 25 different years, in 12 cities 8 to 19 different years, and in 101 cities 2 to 7 different years. We here show that the false negatives in declaring elimination success hinge on the easily-achieved regulatory criteria, which have virtually guaranteed the failure of complete extirpation of this pest. Analyses of the time series of fly detection over California gridded into 100 km2 cells revealed, (1) partial success of eradication program in controlling the invasion of the oriental fruit fly; (2) low prevalence of the initial detection in these cells is often followed by high prevalence of recurrences; (3) progressively shorter intervals between years of consecutive detections; and (4) high likelihood of early-infested cells also experiencing the most frequent outbreaks. Facing the risk of recurrent invasions, such short-term eradication programs have only succeeded annually according to the current regulatory criteria but have failed to achieve the larger goal of complete extirpation of the oriental fruit fly. Based on the components and running costs of the current programs, we further estimated the efficiency of eradication programs with different combinations of eradication radius, duration, and edge impermeability in reducing invasion recurrences and slowing the spread of the oriental fruit fly. We end with policy implications including the need for agricultural agencies worldwide to revisit eradication protocols in which monitoring and treatments are terminated when the regulatory criteria for declaring eradication are met. Our results also have direct implications to invasion biologists and agriculture policy makers regarding long-term risks of short-term expediency. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31400179, year = {2019}, author = {Suckling, DM and Stringer, LD and Baird, DB and Kean, JM}, title = {Will growing invasive arthropod biodiversity outpace our ability for eradication?.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1992}, pmid = {31400179}, issn = {1051-0761}, abstract = {The Global Eradication Database (http://b3.net.nz/gerda) documents 811 eradication attempts against invasive arthropods since 1890, in 104 countries. Eradication programs show a greater than exponential increase in the number of programs started in recent decades. In addition, there is a trend of a rapidly diversifying burden of the most severe threats. The species richness showed a three-fold increase in number of species under eradication in the last 50 years, and all taxonomic levels rose dramatically. The increase in number of eradication programs shows that current management measures for constraining the spread of invasive species are inadequate. A similar surge in the number of governments trying to prevent the establishment of new pests has occurred. Increased biodiversity of arthropod eradication targets includes new pest groups with fewer tools developed for management. We argue that a rapid increase in biodiversity of invasive and economically or environmentally damaging organisms represents a substantial and underestimated challenge for managers wanting to prevent their establishment, requiring a shift in research focus to accelerate delimitation and suppression options with less reliance on insecticides. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31399718, year = {2019}, author = {Puckett, EE and Magnussen, E and Khlyap, LA and Strand, TM and Lundkvist, Å and Munshi-South, J}, title = {Genomic analyses reveal three independent introductions of the invasive brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) to the Faroe Islands.}, journal = {Heredity}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41437-019-0255-6}, pmid = {31399718}, issn = {1365-2540}, support = {16-14-10323//Russian Science Foundation (RSF)/ ; 1457523//National Science Foundation (NSF)/ ; }, abstract = {Population genomics offers innovative approaches to test hypotheses related to the source and timing of introduction of invasive species. These approaches are particularly appropriate to study colonization of island ecosystems. The brown rat is a cold-hardy global invasive that has reached most of the world's island ecosystems, including even highly isolated archipelagoes such as the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. Historic records tell of rats rafting to the southern island of Suðuroy in 1768 following a shipwreck off the coast of Scotland, then expanding across the archipelago. We investigated the demographic history of brown rats in the Faroes using 50,174 SNPs. We inferred three independent introductions of rats, including to Suðuroy, the islands of Borðoy and Viðoy, and onto Streymoy from which they expanded to Eysturoy and Vágar. All Faroese populations showed signs of strong bottlenecks and declining effective population size. We inferred that these founder events removed low frequency alleles, the exact data needed to estimate recent demographic histories. Therefore, we were unable to accurately estimate the timing of each invasion. The difficulties with demographic inference may be applicable to other invasive species, particularly those with extreme and recent bottlenecks. We identified three invasions of brown rats to the Faroe Islands that resulted in highly differentiated populations that will be useful for future studies of life history variation and genomic adaptation.}, }
@article {pmid31399606, year = {2019}, author = {Holman, LE and de Bruyn, M and Creer, S and Carvalho, G and Robidart, J and Rius, M}, title = {Detection of introduced and resident marine species using environmental DNA metabarcoding of sediment and water.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {11559}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-47899-7}, pmid = {31399606}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {NE/L002531/1//RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)/ ; }, abstract = {Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys are increasingly being used for biodiversity monitoring, principally because they are sensitive and can provide high resolution community composition data. Despite considerable progress in recent years, eDNA studies examining how different environmental sample types can affect species detectability remain rare. Comparisons of environmental samples are especially important for providing best practice guidance on early detection and subsequent mitigation of non-indigenous species. Here we used eDNA metabarcoding of COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and 18S (nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA) genes to compare community composition between sediment and water samples in artificial coastal sites across the United Kingdom. We first detected markedly different communities and a consistently greater number of distinct operational taxonomic units in sediment compared to water. We then compared our eDNA datasets with previously published rapid assessment biodiversity surveys and found excellent concordance among the different survey techniques. Finally, our eDNA surveys detected many non-indigenous species, including several newly introduced species, highlighting the utility of eDNA metabarcoding for both early detection and temporal / spatial monitoring of non-indigenous species. We conclude that careful consideration on environmental sample type is needed when conducting eDNA surveys, especially for studies assessing community change.}, }
@article {pmid31398632, year = {2019}, author = {Petri, B and Chaganti, SR and Chan, PS and Heath, D}, title = {Phytoplankton growth characterization in short term MPN culture assays using 18S metabarcoding and qRT-PCR.}, journal = {Water research}, volume = {164}, number = {}, pages = {114941}, doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2019.114941}, pmid = {31398632}, issn = {1879-2448}, abstract = {The most probable number dilution-culture assay (MPN) is used to enumerate viable phytoplankton in regulatory tests of ballast water treatment systems. However the United States Coast Guard has not yet accepted MPN, in part due to concerns of biased results due to cells being viable but not growing. MPN does not assess the fate of every cell, and thus the bias can only be evaluated by a companion method that assesses the ability of the various taxa to grow. This growth ability (&quot;growability&quot;) is the complement of the bias, and has been evaluated by microscopic taxonomy of before-culture and after-culture samples. However, microscopic taxonomy is extremely laborious and few data have been produced for phytoplankton growability in MPN assays. To address the need for more and more reliable growability data, a method was developed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) techniques that target the V9 region of the 18S rRNA gene for the taxonomic identification and growth assessment of eukaryotic phytoplankton, respectively. This growability method was applied to MPN samples from a ballast water management system test that were incubated with two different enrichment media at two different temperatures. DNA was extracted from filters of before-culture and after-culture samples, and assessed for taxonomy by NGS and for PCR template DNA concentration by qRT-PCR. Growth ratios based on changes in 18S template concentration over the incubation period were calculated for each taxon, and dead-cell DNA persistence through a 14 day incubation was verified to be <1% and did not influence the growth calculations. In total, 95 of 97 eukaryotic phytoplankton in the before-culture sample demonstrated growth, with definitive growth ratios ranging from 4.0 × 101-2.6 × 105. An additional 13 taxa demonstrated growth from non-detect in before-culture samples. Taxa-based growability values were 87-88% in individual incubation conditions with no statistical differences among conditions, and 98% for all conditions combined. When growability was weighted by the before-culture abundance of each taxa, relevant to regulations based on all organisms regardless of taxa, community-based growability was >99% in each condition and in all conditions combined because the most abundant taxa all exhibited growth. This study verifies that conventional phytoplankton MPN assays produce accurate results with low bias from undetected viable cells, regardless of enrichments and incubation temperatures. This work can provide regulatory confidence for broader acceptance of MPN assays without limitations.}, }
@article {pmid31398280, year = {2019}, author = {Bortolus, A and Adam, P and Adams, JB and Ainouche, ML and Ayres, D and Bertness, MD and Bouma, TJ and Bruno, JF and Caçador, I and Carlton, JT and Castillo, JM and Costa, CSB and Davy, AJ and Deegan, L and Duarte, B and Figueroa, E and Gerwein, J and Gray, AJ and Grosholz, ED and Hacker, SD and Hughes, AR and Mateos-Naranjo, E and Mendelssohn, IA and Morris, JT and Muñoz-Rodríguez, AF and Nieva, FJJ and Levin, LA and Li, B and Liu, W and Pennings, SC and Pickart, A and Redondo-Gómez, S and Richardson, DM and Salmon, A and Schwindt, E and Silliman, BR and Sotka, EE and Stace, C and Sytsma, M and Temmerman, S and Turner, RE and Valiela, I and Weinstein, MP and Weis, JS}, title = {Supporting Spartina: Interdisciplinary perspective shows Spartina as a distinct solid genus.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e02863}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2863}, pmid = {31398280}, issn = {1939-9170}, abstract = {In 2014 a DNA-based phylogenetic study confirming the paraphyly of the grass subtribe Sporobolinae proposed the creation of a large monophyletic genus Sporobolus, including (among others) species previously included in the genera Spartina, Calamovilfa, and Sporobolus. Spartina species have contributed substantially (and continue contributing) to our knowledge in multiple disciplines, including ecology, evolutionary biology, molecular biology, biogeography, experimental ecology, biological invasions, environmental management, restoration ecology, history, economics, and sociology. There is no rationale so compelling to subsume the name Spartina as a subgenus that could rival the striking, global iconic history and use of the name Spartina for over 200 years. We do not agree with the subjective arguments underlying the proposal to change Spartina to Sporobolus. We understand the importance of both the objective phylogenetic insights and of the subjective formalized nomenclature and hope that by opening this debate we will encourage positive feedback that will strengthen taxonomic decisions with an interdisciplinary perspective. We consider that the strongly distinct, monophyletic clade Spartina should simply and efficiently be treated as the genus Spartina. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31396444, year = {2019}, author = {Moreno Salas, L and Espinoza-Carniglia, M and Lizama Schmeisser, N and Torres, LG and Silva-de la Fuente, MC and Lareschi, M and González-Acuña, D}, title = {Fleas of black rats (Rattus rattus) as reservoir host of Bartonella spp. in Chile.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {e7371}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.7371}, pmid = {31396444}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {Background: Rattus rattus is a widely distributed, invasive species that presents an important role in disease transmission, either directly or through vector arthropods such as fleas. These black rats can transmit a wide variety of pathogens, including bacteria of the genus Bartonella, which can cause diseases in humans and animals. In Chile, no data are available identifying fleas from synanthropic rodents as Bartonella vectors. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Bartonella spp. in the fleas of R. rattus in areas with different climate conditions and featuring different human population densities.<br><br>Methods: In all, 174 fleas collected from 261 R. rattus captured from 30 localities with different human densities (cities, villages, and wild areas) across five hydrographic zones of Chile (hyper-arid, arid, semi-arid, sub-humid, and hyper-humid) were examined. Bartonella spp. presence was determined through polymerase chain reaction, using gltA and rpoB genes, which were concatenated to perform a similarity analysis with BLAST and phylogenetic analysis.<br><br>Results: Overall, 15 fleas species were identified; Bartonella gltA and rpoB fragments were detected in 21.2% (37/174) and 19.5% (34/174) of fleas, respectively. A total of 10 of the 15 fleas species found were positive for Bartonella DNA. Leptopsylla segnis was the most commonly collected flea species (n = 55), and it also presented a high prevalence of Bartonella DNA (P% = 34.5%). The highest numbers of fleas of this species were collected in villages of the arid zone. There were no seasonal differences in the prevalence of Bartonella DNA. The presence of Bartonella DNA in fleas was recorded in all hydrographic areas, and the arid zone presented the highest prevalence of this species. Regarding areas with different human densities, the highest prevalence was noted in the villages (34.8% gltA and 31.8% rpoB), followed by cities (14.8% gltA and 11.1% rpoB) and wild areas (7.4% gltA and 14.8% rpoB). The BLAST analysis showed a high similitude (>96%) with four uncharacterized Bartonella genotypes and with two species with zoonotic potential: B. mastomydis and B. tribocorum. The phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship with B. elizabethae and B. tribocorum. This is the first study to provide evidence of the presence of Bartonella in fleas of R. rattus in Chile, indicating that the villages and arid zone correspond to areas with higher infection risk.}, }
@article {pmid31394338, year = {2019}, author = {Shabani, F and Nasrolahi, A and Thiel, M}, title = {Assemblage of encrusting organisms on floating anthropogenic debris along the northern coast of the Persian Gulf.}, journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)}, volume = {254}, number = {Pt A}, pages = {112979}, doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112979}, pmid = {31394338}, issn = {1873-6424}, abstract = {Global concern about floating marine debris and its fundamental role in shaping coastal biodiversity is growing, yet there is very little knowledge about debris-associated rafting communities in many areas of the world's oceans. In the present study, we examined the encrusting assemblage on different types of stranded debris (wood, plastic, glass, and metal cans) along the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf. In total, 21 taxa were identified on 132 items. The average frequency of occurrence (±SE) across all sites and stranded debris showed that the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (68.9 ± 1.1%), the oyster Saccostrea cucullata (40.9 ± 0.7%), the polychaete Spirobranchus kraussii (27.3 ± 0.5%), green algae (22 ± 0.5%) and the coral Paracyathus stokesii (14.4 ± 0.7%) occurred most frequently. Relative substratum coverage was highest for A. amphitrite (44.3 ± 2.7%), followed by green algae (14.4 ± 1.5%), Spirobranchus kraussii (9.3 ± 1.3%), Saccostrea cucullata (7.6 ± 1.3%) and the barnacle Microeuraphia permitini (5.8 ± 0.9%). Despite the significant difference in coverage of rafting species on plastic items among different sites, there was no clear and consistent trend of species richness and coverage from the eastern (Strait of Hormuz) to the western part of the Persian Gulf. Some rafting species (bryozoans and likely barnacles) were found to be non-indigenous species in the area. As floating marine debris can transport non-indigenous species and increase the risk of bio-invasions to this already naturally- and anthropogenically-stressed water body, comprehensive monitoring efforts should be made to elucidate the vectors and arrival of new invasive species to the region.}, }
@article {pmid31394331, year = {2019}, author = {Hintz, WD and Schuler, MS and Jones, DK and Coldsnow, KD and Stoler, AB and Relyea, RA}, title = {Nutrients influence the multi-trophic impacts of an invasive species unaffected by native competitors or predators.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {694}, number = {}, pages = {133704}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133704}, pmid = {31394331}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Non-native species often lead to undesirable ecological and environmental impacts. Two hypotheses that predict establishment of non-native species are enemy release and biotic resistance. Support for these hypotheses in freshwater invasions is mixed. Experiments combined with field observations provide a complementary approach to understanding how interactions between native and non-native species lead to enemy release or biotic resistance. We tested experimentally whether these hypotheses provided insights into the invasion of the banded mystery snail (Viviparus georgianus), which has invaded the Great Lakes region and northeastern Unites States (US) from the southeastern US. Because freshwater systems vary widely in their nutrient concentrations due to natural and anthropogenic processes, we tested whether nutrient additions altered competitive and predatory interactions that regulate mechanisms of enemy release or biotic resistance. We evaluated the status of the mystery snail invasion in a 3-year field survey of Lake George (NY, US) to identify if field observations supported any experimental conclusions. The presence of the banded mystery snail led to a 14% and 27% reduction in biomass of a native competitor under low- and high-nutrient concentrations, respectively. The mystery snail also triggered a 29% biomass loss of a native snail predator, but only in low-nutrient concentrations. Field surveys indicated that the mystery snail dominated the snail community; of seven snail species, it comprised 77% of all snails. Results from the field surveys combined with experimental results indicate that neither competitors nor predators have likely suppressed the invasion of the banded mystery snail. This conclusion is consistent with competitive- and predatory-enemy release as we found no indication of biotic resistance via competition or predation from native species. Our results further highlight that the post-establishment impacts of invasive species are altered by the trophic state of freshwater ecosystems.}, }
@article {pmid31394018, year = {2019}, author = {Cornelissen, B and Neumann, P and Schweiger, O}, title = {Global warming promotes biological invasion of a honey bee pest.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.14791}, pmid = {31394018}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {Climate change and biological invasions are two major global environmental challenges. Both may interact, e.g. via altered impact and distribution of invasive alien species. Even though invasive species play a key role for compromising the health of honey bees, the impact of climate change on the severity of such species is still unknown. The small hive beetle (SHB, Aethina tumida, Murray) is a parasite of honey bee colonies. It is endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa and has established populations on all continents except Antarctica. Since SHBs pupate in soil, pupation performance is governed foremost by two abiotic factors, soil temperature and moisture, which will be affected by climate change. Here, we investigated SHB invasion risk globally under current and future climate scenarios. We modelled survival and development time during pupation (= pupal performance) in response to soil temperature and soil moisture using published and novel experimental data. Presence data on SHB distribution were used for model validation. We then linked the model with global soil data in order to classify areas (resolution: 10 arcmin; i.e. 18.6 km at the equator) as unsuitable, marginal and suitable for SHB pupation performance. Under the current climate, the results show that many areas globally yet uninvaded are actually suitable, suggesting considerable SHB invasion risk. Future scenarios of global warming project a vehement increase in climatic suitability for SHB and corresponding potential for invasion, especially in the temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere, thereby creating demand for enhanced and adapted mitigation and management. Our analysis shows, for the first time, effects of global warming on a honey bee pest and will help areas at risk to prepare adequately. In conclusion, this is a clear case for global warming promoting biological invasion of a pest species with severe potential to harm important pollinator species globally. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31393980, year = {2019}, author = {Milnes, JM and Beers, EH}, title = {Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Causes Low Levels of Parasitism in Three North American Pentatomids Under Field Conditions.}, journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)}, volume = {19}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jisesa/iez074}, pmid = {31393980}, issn = {1536-2442}, abstract = {Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead), an Asian parasitoid of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), was first detected in North America in 2014. Although testing in quarantine facilities as a candidate for classical biological control is ongoing, adventive populations have appeared in multiple sites in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Extensive laboratory testing of T. japonicus against other North American pentatomids and H. halys has revealed a higher rate of parasitism of H. halys, but not complete host specificity. However, laboratory tests are necessarily artificial, in which many host finding and acceptance cues may be circumvented. We offered sentinel egg masses of three native pentatomid (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) pest species (Chinavia hilaris (Say), Euschistus conspersus Uhler, and Chlorochroa ligata (Say)) in a field paired-host assay in an area with a well-established adventive population of T. japonicus near Vancouver, WA. Overall, 67% of the H. halys egg masses were parasitized by T. japonicus during the 2-yr study. Despite the 'worst case' scenario for a field test (close proximity of the paired egg masses), the rate of parasitism (% eggs producing adult wasps) on all three native species was significantly less (0.4-8%) than that on H. halys eggs (77%). The levels of successful parasitism of T. japonicus of the three species are C. hilaris > E. conspersus > C. ligata. The potential impact of T. japonicus on these pentatomids is probably minimal.}, }
@article {pmid31393870, year = {2019}, author = {Martín-Torrijos, L and Kokko, H and Makkonen, J and Jussila, J and Diéguez-Uribeondo, J}, title = {Mapping 15 years of crayfish plague in the Iberian Peninsula: The impact of two invasive species on the endangered native crayfish.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {8}, pages = {e0219223}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0219223}, pmid = {31393870}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Crayfish plague, caused by the pathogen Aphanomyces astaci, is one of the main factors responsible for the decimation of the native European crayfish species Austropotamobius pallipes. In Spain, two North American freshwater crayfish species, Procambarus clarkii and Pacifastacus leniusculus, were intentionally introduced during the 1970s for aquaculture and fishery purposes. Since then, incidences of crayfish plague have been continually reported. In this work, we evaluated more than 50 diagnosed cases of crayfish plague that have occurred in the Iberian Peninsula since 2004 by performing a microscopic examination of infected specimens and by molecularly identifying and haplotyping the pathogen. Our results showed that (i) the pathogen A. astaci has been active 45 years since the first introductions of the invasive North American crayfish species in the Iberian Peninsula, and (ii) P. clarkii and P. leniusculus are chronic reservoirs of the crayfish plague pathogen. Moreover, our data confirmed a correspondence between pathogen origin and spread and the specific haplotypes carried by the North American invasive crayfish located in the vicinity of each outbreak. We generated a crayfish plague incidence map of the Iberian Peninsula that shows (i) a northern area, mainly inhabited by alien P. leniusculus, where crayfish plague cases are associated with the b-haplotype specific to P. leniusculus, and (ii) southern, central and eastern areas that are basically inhabited by alien P. clarkii, where crayfish plague cases are associated with the d1- and d2-haplotypes specific to P. clarkii. The results presented here are evidence of the long standing and negative impact of the two invasive crayfish species on the native species, indicating the need for more extensive control measures.}, }
@article {pmid31392089, year = {2019}, author = {DeBellis, T and Kembel, SW and Lessard, JP}, title = {Shared mycorrhizae but distinct communities of other root-associated microbes on co-occurring native and invasive maples.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {e7295}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.7295}, pmid = {31392089}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {Background: Biological invasions are major drivers of environmental change that can significantly alter ecosystem function and diversity. In plants, soil microbes play an important role in plant establishment and growth; however, relatively little is known about the role they might play in biological invasions. A first step to assess whether root microbes may be playing a role in the invasion process is to find out if invasive plants host different microbes than neighbouring native plant species.<br><br>Methods: In this study we investigated differences in root associated microbes of native sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and exotic Norway maple (A. platanoides L.) collected from a forested reserve in eastern Canada. We used microscopy to examine root fungi and high-throughput sequencing to characterize the bacterial, fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal communities of both maple species over one growing season.<br><br>Results: We found differences in root associated bacterial and fungal communities between host species. Norway maple had a higher bacterial and fungal OTU (operational taxonomic units) richness compared to sugar maple, and the indicator species analysis revealed that nine fungal OTUs and three bacterial OTUs had a significant preference for sugar maple. The dominant bacterial phyla found on the roots of both maple species were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The most common fungal orders associated with the Norway maple roots (in descending order) were Helotiales, Agaricales, Pleosporales, Hypocreales, Trechisporales while the Agaricales, Pleosporales, Helotiales, Capnodiales and Hypocreales were the dominant orders present in the sugar maple roots. Dark septate fungi colonization levels were higher in the sugar maple, but no differences in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and colonization rates were detected between maple species.<br><br>Discussion: Our findings show that two congeneric plant species grown in close proximity can harbor distinct root microbial communities. These findings provide further support for the importance of plant species in structuring root associated microbe communities. The high colonization levels observed in Norway maple demonstrates its compatibility with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the introduced range. Plant-associated microbial communities can affect host fitness and function in many ways; therefore, the observed differences suggest a possibility that biotic interactions can influence the dynamics between native and invasive species.}, }
@article {pmid31391496, year = {2019}, author = {Heuring, C and Barber, D and Rains, N and Erxleben, D and Martin, C and Williams, D and McElroy, EJ}, title = {Genetics, morphology and diet of introduced populations of the ant-eating Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum).}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {11470}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-47856-4}, pmid = {31391496}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Introduced species can diverge from their source population when they become established in a new ecosystem. The Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) is native to the western United States (US) and was historically introduced to several locations in the southeastern US. We studied three introduced populations in South Carolina, US to determine if they exhibit dietary, morphological and genetic divergence from the native western US populations. We expected little divergence from western populations because P. cornutum is a specialist whose biology is largely shaped by its diet of Pogonomyrmex harvester ants. We show that the introduced populations have mixed ancestry between south Texas and more northern areas and experienced founder effects and genetic bottlenecks resulting in decreased genetic diversity. South Carolina lizards primarily consume ants (94%), but surprisingly, they did not eat harvester ants. Introduced lizards primarily eat Dorymyrmex ants, but each introduced population complements Dorymyrmex with significantly different amounts of other species of ants, insects and plant matter. Introduced populations have smaller body size and have different limb and head shapes compared to western populations. This study demonstrates successful persistence of an introduced vertebrate that may be attributed to phenotypic change, even in the face of reduced genetic diversity.}, }
@article {pmid31390318, year = {2019}, author = {Ramírez-Pizarro, F and Silva-de la Fuente, C and Hernández-Orellana, C and López, J and Madrid, V and Fernández, Í and Martín, N and González-Acuña, D and Sandoval, D and Ortega, R and Landaeta-Aqueveque, C}, title = {Zoonotic Pathogens in the American Mink in Its Southernmost Distribution.}, journal = {Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1089/vbz.2019.2445}, pmid = {31390318}, issn = {1557-7759}, abstract = {The American mink, Neovison vison, is an invasive species in Chile. Its impact on native fauna and public health has not been studied in depth in the country. In this study, we searched for gastrointestinal parasites, including helminths and zoonotic Cryptosporidium sp., the presence of Trichinella sp. in muscle, and the renal carriage of pathogenic Leptospira sp. in minks caught on Navarino Island, &quot;Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena&quot; Region, and Maullín and Ancud, &quot;Los Lagos&quot; Region, Chile. A total of 58, 15, and 21 minks from Navarino Island, Maullín, and Ancud, respectively, were examined for Trichinella sp. (artificial digestion of muscle). A total of 36, 11, and 17 minks from Navarino Island, Maullín, and Ancud, respectively, were examined for pathogenic Leptospira species (molecular detection of LipL32 gen fragment in renal tissue) infection. Finally, 45, 11, and 17 minks from Navarino Island, Maullín, and Ancud, respectively, were analyzed to detect gastrointestinal parasites (by optical inspection of the digestive tract for helminths, and by both Ziehl-Neelsen stain and molecular detection of small subunit-ribosomal DNA for Cryptosporidium species). Trichinella larvae were not observed. Pathogenic Leptospira sp. was detected in 22 samples: 15 from Navarino Island, 3 from Maullín, and 4 from Ancud. Two nematodes, belonging to Ascaridinae (subfamily) and Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) sp., were found in samples of two minks from Navarino Island. Oocysts and DNA of Cryptosporidium sp. were detected in three fecal samples from Navarino Island. Further studies could determine the zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium sp., as well as the potential impact of the zoonotic Leptospira sp. on the human population of the Navarino Island, Maullín, and Ancud districts. The enemy release theory could explain the low helminth species richness in the minks. In addition, we did not find evidence of parasite transmission from native fauna.}, }
@article {pmid31389203, year = {2019}, author = {Poirier, MV}, title = {A trade-off model for immunocompetence: The potential contribution of immunological regulation in invasive vertebrate success.}, journal = {Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/jez.2314}, pmid = {31389203}, issn = {2471-5646}, abstract = {Invasive species have become a prolific environmental issue, second only to climate change, yet many of the phenomena that facilitate invasive success are not well understood (Phillip &amp; Shine, Proc. Roy. Soc. B, 273, 1545-1550). The combination of several generalist life-history traits, certain physiological mechanisms, and environmental conditions is thought to play a significant role in invasion success. The ability to undergo fitness trade-offs-to reallocate nutritional and energetic resources towards processes that increase reproduction, growth, and dispersal-is also thought to be an adaptive quality of many invasive species. Due to their inherent flexibility, phenotypically plastic traits in particular are often targeted for fitness reallocations. Immune function, for example, is determined by a highly plastic phenotype, which is crucial for combating a diverse array of pathogens. When active, immune function also demands extensive resources from the host. Laboratory and field studies suggest that certain aspects of the immune system are more costly than others, though, and that its components can be regulated independent of one another. In invasive species undergoing fitness trade-offs, costly innate inflammatory responses are often downregulated, while antibody-mediated responses may be enhanced. A combination of fixed physiological responses and environmentally induced trade-offs are thought to regulate the immune system, though the relationship between these facets of regulation is still an area of active research. The field of ecoimmunology, then, has emerged in effort to understand the phenomena by which individual immune regulation can drive (and be driven by) species-level ecology and evolution, and therefore be linked to invasive success (Downs et al., 2014. Integr. Compar. Biol., 54, 340-352).}, }
@article {pmid31388506, year = {2019}, author = {Sadchatheeswaran, S and Moloney, CL and Branch, GM and Robinson, TB}, title = {Blender interstitial volume: A novel virtual measurement of structural complexity applicable to marine benthic habitats.}, journal = {MethodsX}, volume = {6}, number = {}, pages = {1728-1740}, doi = {10.1016/j.mex.2019.07.014}, pmid = {31388506}, issn = {2215-0161}, abstract = {Blender interstitial volume is a novel method that utilizes 3D modeling techniques to accurately and efficiently quantify the volume of interstitial gaps in marine benthic habitats, as well as the space provided by substrate rugosity. This method builds upon the analog methods routinely used on rocky shores and intertidal habitats, including those that measure rugosity, topography, fractals and volume. The method provides a direct Euclidean measurement and uniquely allows retrospective analysis if historical data on species composition are available. Blender interstitial volume allows users to quickly build and measure a large number of samples at no extra cost. •The program for Blender is free and opensource, and requires no extra equipment.•Once 3D models of species are made, the entire method takes less than ten minutes to complete.•Blender interstitial volume is as accurate as Fractal analysis in determining structural complexity on rocky shores, but is more consistent and precise, and better at discerning differences.}, }
@article {pmid31388050, year = {2019}, author = {Ahmad, R and Khuroo, AA and Charles, B and Hamid, M and Rashid, I and Aravind, NA}, title = {Global distribution modelling, invasion risk assessment and niche dynamics of Leucanthemum vulgare (Ox-eye Daisy) under climate change.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {11395}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-47859-1}, pmid = {31388050}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {In an era of climate change, biological invasions by alien species represent one of the main anthropogenic drivers of global environmental change. The present study, using an ensemble modelling approach, has mapped current and future global distribution of the invasive Leucanthemum vulgare (Ox-eye Daisy) and predicted the invasion hotspots under climate change. The current potential distribution of Ox-eye Daisy coincides well with the actual distribution records, thereby indicating robustness of our model. The model predicted a global increase in the suitable habitat for the potential invasion of this species under climate change. Oceania was shown to be the high-risk region to the potential invasion of this species under both current and future climate change scenarios. The results revealed niche conservatism for Australia and Northern America, but contrastingly a niche shift for Africa, Asia, Oceania and Southern America. The global distribution modelling and risk assessment of Ox-eye Daisy has immediate implications in mitigating its invasion impacts under climate change, as well as predicting the global invasion hotspots and developing region-specific invasion management strategies. Interestingly, the contrasting patterns of niche dynamics shown by this invasive plant species provide novel insights towards disentangling the different operative mechanisms underlying the process of biological invasions at the global scale.}, }
@article {pmid31387317, year = {2019}, author = {Ibáñez, MD and Blázquez, MA}, title = {Phytotoxic Effects of Commercial Eucalyptus citriodora, Lavandula angustifolia, and Pinus sylvestris Essential Oils on Weeds, Crops, and Invasive Species.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {24}, number = {15}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/molecules24152847}, pmid = {31387317}, issn = {1420-3049}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: essential oils are well known for their pharmacological effectiveness as well as their repellent, insecticide, and herbicide activities. The emergence of resistant weeds, due to the overuse of synthetic herbicides, makes it necessary to find natural alternatives for weed control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of Eucalyptus citriodora, Lavandulaangustifolia, and Pinus sylvestris, three common commercial essential oils, on weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli), food crops (tomato and cucumber), and the invasive species Nicotiana glauca. Methods: to determine herbicidal effects, essential oils were tested at different concentrations (0.125-1µL/mL). The index of germination and seedling length data were recorded over 14 days.<br><br>RESULTS: the in vitro assays showed that L. angustifolia with linalool (38.7 ± 0.1%), 1,8-cineole (26.5 ± 0.1%), and camphor (14.2 ± 0.1%) as the main compounds showed the most phytotoxic effects affecting seed germination in weeds and tomato, and the aforementioned invasive species. L. multiflorum was the most sensitive weed, particularly to lavender essential oil, which decreased the growth of its hypocotyl and radicle by 87.8% and 76.7%, respectively, at a dose of 1 µL/mL. Cucumber was the most resistant food crop, with no significant reduction observed in seed germination and hypocotyl growth with E. citriodora and L. angustifolia essential oils.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: lavender essential oil represents a promising candidate for the development of effective and safe herbicides in the management of L. multiflorum affecting cucumber crops.}, }
@article {pmid31148310, year = {2019}, author = {Trøjelsgaard, K and Heleno, R and Traveset, A}, title = {Native and alien flower visitors differ in partner fidelity and network integration.}, journal = {Ecology letters}, volume = {22}, number = {8}, pages = {1264-1273}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13287}, pmid = {31148310}, issn = {1461-0248}, support = {//AAU Talent Management Programme/ ; CGL2017-88122-P//Spanish Government/ ; }, mesh = {Animals ; Ecuador ; *Flowers ; Insecta ; *Introduced Species ; Islands ; Plants ; *Pollination ; }, abstract = {Globalisation persistently fuels the establishment of non-native species outside their natural ranges. While alien plants have been intensively studied, little is known about alien flower visitors, and especially, how they integrate into natural communities. Here, we focus on mutualistic networks from five Galápagos islands to quantify whether alien and native flower visitors differ consistently in their pairwise interactions. We find that (1) alien flower visitors have more interaction partners and larger species strengths (i.e. plants are more connected to alien insects), (2) native insects tend to have higher partner fidelity as they deviate more from random partner utilisation, and iii) the difference between native and alien flower visitors in network integration intensifies with island degradation. Thus, native and alien flower visitors are not interchangeable, and alien establishment might have yet unforeseen consequences for the pairwise dynamics between plants and flower visitors on the Galápagos - especially on the heavily disturbed islands.}, }
@article {pmid30779414, year = {2019}, author = {Catford, JA and Smith, AL and Wragg, PD and Clark, AT and Kosmala, M and Cavender-Bares, J and Reich, PB and Tilman, D}, title = {Traits linked with species invasiveness and community invasibility vary with time, stage and indicator of invasion in a long-term grassland experiment.}, journal = {Ecology letters}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {593-604}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13220}, pmid = {30779414}, issn = {1461-0248}, support = {//Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, Australian Research Council/ ; DEB-0620652//National Science Foundation/ ; DEB-1234162//National Science Foundation/ ; DE120102221//Australian Research Council/ ; }, mesh = {*Ecosystem ; *Grassland ; *Introduced Species ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; }, abstract = {Much uncertainty remains about traits linked with successful invasion - the establishment and spread of non-resident species into existing communities. Using a 20-year experiment, where 50 non-resident (but mostly native) grassland plant species were sown into savannah plots, we ask how traits linked with invasion depend on invasion stage (establishment, spread), indicator of invasion success (occupancy, relative abundance), time, environmental conditions, propagule rain, and traits of invaders and invaded communities. Trait data for 164 taxa showed that invader occupancy was primarily associated with traits of invaders, traits of recipient communities, and invader-community interactions. Invader abundance was more strongly associated with community traits (e.g. proportion legume) and trait differences between invaders and the most similar resident species. Annuals and invaders with high-specific leaf area were only successful early in stand development, whereas invaders with conservative carbon capture strategies persisted long-term. Our results indicate that invasion is context-dependent and long-term experiments are required to comprehensively understand invasions.}, }
@article {pmid31385368, year = {2019}, author = {Pereyra, PJ}, title = {Rethinking the native range concept.}, journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/cobi.13406}, pmid = {31385368}, issn = {1523-1739}, abstract = {A species is not native outside its native range, but native range is not precisely defined. The invasion literature contains wide discussion of the core concepts, such as naturalization, invasiveness, and ecological impact, but the concept has received so little attention that a formal definition does not exist. I considered, among other impediments to a formal definition of native range, the sometimes arbitrariness of the spatial and temporal limits assigned to native range. Broad questions that remain include whether invasion theory can be used to define the native range for species without non-native ranges. Article impact statement: A precise definition of native range is needed to properly define native species and thus apply the origin of species in conservation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31383885, year = {2019}, author = {Margus, A and Piiroinen, S and Lehmann, P and Tikka, S and Karvanen, J and Lindström, L}, title = {Sublethal Pyrethroid Insecticide Exposure Carries Positive Fitness Effects Over Generations in a Pest Insect.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {11320}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-47473-1}, pmid = {31383885}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Stress tolerance and adaptation to stress are known to facilitate species invasions. Many invasive species are also pests and insecticides are used to control them, which could shape their overall tolerance to stress. It is well-known that heavy insecticide usage leads to selection of resistant genotypes but less is known about potential effects of mild sublethal insecticide usage. We studied whether stressful, sublethal pyrethroid insecticide exposure has within-generational and/or maternal transgenerational effects on fitness-related traits in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and whether maternal insecticide exposure affects insecticide tolerance of offspring. Sublethal insecticide stress exposure had positive within-and transgenerational effects. Insecticide-stressed larvae had higher adult survival and higher adult body mass than those not exposed to stress. Furthermore, offspring whose mothers were exposed to insecticide stress had higher larval and pupal survival and were heavier as adults (only females) than those descending from control mothers. Maternal insecticide stress did not explain differences in lipid content of the offspring. To conclude, stressful insecticide exposure has positive transgenerational fitness effects in the offspring. Therefore, unsuccessful insecticide control of invasive pest species may lead to undesired side effects since survival and higher body mass are known to facilitate population growth and invasion success.}, }
@article {pmid31382493, year = {2019}, author = {Feás Sánchez, X and Charles, RJ}, title = {Notes on the Nest Architecture and Colony Composition in Winter of the Yellow-Legged Asian Hornet, Vespa velutina Lepeletier 1836 (Hym.: Vespidae), in Its Introduced Habitat in Galicia (NW Spain).}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {10}, number = {8}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects10080237}, pmid = {31382493}, issn = {2075-4450}, abstract = {Fifteen years ago, at least one multimated female yellow-legged Asian hornet (Vespa velutina Lepeletier 1836) arrived in France, giving rise to a pan-European invasion, altering the environment, affecting ecosystem processes, and impacting society. During winter, V. velutina nests (n = 3) were collected in Galicia and data on internal and external aspects of the nests and the colony as a whole were collected. The whole colony population (WCPN; adult insects, larvae, and pupae in percentages) was as follows: nest A: n = 176 (49%, 3%, and 48%); nest B: n = 1979 (52%, 36%, and 12%); and nest C: n = 662 (5%, 27%, and 8%). The adult insect population (IAPN; males, workers, and gynes in percentages) was as follows: nest A: n = 87 (11%, 66%, and 23%); nest B: n = 1021 (3%, 62%, and 35%); and nest C: n = 430 (20%, 73%, and 7%). As a small number of queens is sufficient for a population to develop, it is necessary to avoid continued spread by deactivating and removing all nests, even those detected in winter. This practice can be of greatest importance in border areas where V. velutina is expanding into new territory.}, }
@article {pmid31382394, year = {2019}, author = {Peng, Z and Bhattarai, K and Parajuli, S and Cao, Z and Deng, Z}, title = {Transcriptome Analysis of Young Ovaries Reveals Candidate Genes Involved in Gamete Formation in Lantana camara.}, journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {8}, number = {8}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/plants8080263}, pmid = {31382394}, issn = {2223-7747}, support = {FLA-GCR-005065//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; FLA-GCC-005507//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; }, abstract = {Lantana (Lantana camara L., Verbenaceae) is an important ornamental crop, yet can be a highly invasive species. The formation of unreduced female gametes (UFGs) is a major factor contributing to its invasiveness and has severely hindered the development of sterile cultivars. To enrich the genomic resources and gain insight into the genetic mechanisms of UFG formation in lantana, we investigated the transcriptomes of young ovaries of two lantana genotypes, GDGHOP-36 (GGO), producing 100% UFGs, and a cultivar Landmark White Lantana (LWL), not producing UFGs. The de novo transcriptome assembly resulted in a total of 90,641 unique transcript sequences with an N50 of 1692 bp, among which, 29,383 sequences contained full-length coding sequences (CDS). There were 214 transcripts associated with the biological processes of gamete production and 10 gene families orthologous to genes known to control unreduced gamete production in Arabidopsis. We identified 925 transcription factor (TF)-encoding sequences, 91 nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-containing genes, and gene families related to drought/salt tolerance and allelopathy. These genomic resources and candidate genes involved in gamete formation will be valuable for developing new tools to control the invasiveness in L. camara, protect native lantana species, and understand the formation of unreduced gametes in plants.}, }
@article {pmid31380562, year = {2019}, author = {Faúndez, EI and Carvajal, MA and Villablanca, J}, title = {Alien Invasion: The Case of the Western Conifer-Seed Bug (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Chile, Overreaction, and Misidentifications.}, journal = {Journal of medical entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jme/tjz127}, pmid = {31380562}, issn = {1938-2928}, abstract = {Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) is an invasive species introduced in Europe, Asia, and most recently South America. In the present study, we report the overreaction situation caused by this bug in Chile, as it has been confused with kissing bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae), Chagas' disease vectors. During 2018 and first months of 2019, we received 74 alleged cases of kissing bugs to confirm identification. From these, a total of 63 were identified as L. occidentalis, representing a 85% of the total denounces. Additionally, the first bite case in a human is described. The situation caused by L. occidentalis in Chile is discussed, and an illustrated table is provided to correctly identify this species and tell it apart from Triatomines. It is concluded that L. occidentalis is well established in Chile, and it is necessary to educate the population on recognition of the bug and to avoid overreaction as the species can inflict painful bites, but not transmit any disease.}, }
@article {pmid31380064, year = {2019}, author = {Queffelec, J and Wooding, AL and Greeff, JM and Garnas, JR and Hurley, BP and Wingfield, MJ and Slippers, B}, title = {Mechanisms that influence sex ratio variation in the invasive hymenopteran Sirex noctilio in South Africa.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {14}, pages = {7966-7973}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5305}, pmid = {31380064}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Sirex noctilio is an economically important invasive pest of commercial pine forestry in the Southern Hemisphere. Newly established invasive populations of this woodwasp are characterized by highly male-biased sex ratios that subsequently revert to those seen in the native range. This trend was not observed in the population of S. noctilio from the summer rainfall regions in South Africa, which remained highly male-biased for almost a decade. The aim of this study was to determine the cause of this persistent male bias. As an explanation for this pattern, we test hypotheses related to mating success, female investment in male versus female offspring, and genetic diversity affecting diploid male production due to complementary sex determination. We found that 61% of females in a newly established S. noctilio population were mated. Microsatellite data analysis showed that populations of S. noctilio from the summer rainfall regions in South Africa are far less genetically diverse than those from the winter rainfall region, with mean Nei's unbiased gene diversity indexes of 0.056 and 0.273, respectively. These data also identified diploid males at low frequencies in both the winter (5%) and summer (2%) rainfall regions. The results suggest the presence of a complementary sex determination mechanism in S. noctilio, but imply that reduced genetic diversity is not the main driver of the male bias observed in the summer rainfall region. Among all the factors considered, selective investment in sons appears to have the most significant influence on male bias in S. noctilio populations. Why this investment remains different in frontier or early invasive populations is not clear but could be influenced by females laying unfertilized eggs to avoid diploid male production in populations with a high genetic relatedness.}, }
@article {pmid31380062, year = {2019}, author = {van Boheemen, LA and Bou-Assi, S and Uesugi, A and Hodgins, KA}, title = {Rapid growth and defence evolution following multiple introductions.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {14}, pages = {7942-7956}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5275}, pmid = {31380062}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Rapid adaptation can aid invasive populations in their competitive success. Resource allocation trade-off hypotheses predict higher resource availability or the lack of natural enemies in introduced ranges allow for increased growth and reproduction, thus contributing to invasive success. Evidence for such hypotheses is however equivocal and tests among multiple ranges over productivity gradients are required to provide a better understanding of the general applicability of these theories.Using common gardens, we investigated the adaptive divergence of various constitutive and inducible defence-related traits between the native North American and introduced European and Australian ranges, while controlling for divergence due to latitudinal trait clines, individual resource budgets, and population differentiation, using >11,000 SNPs.Rapid, repeated clinal adaptation in defence-related traits was apparent despite distinct demographic histories. We also identified divergence among ranges in some defence-related traits, although differences in energy budgets among ranges may explain some, but not all, defence-related trait divergence. We do not identify a general reduction in defence in concert with an increase in growth among the multiple introduced ranges as predicted trade-off hypotheses. Synthesis: The rapid spread of invasive species is affected by a multitude of factors, likely including adaptation to climate and escape from natural enemies. Unravelling the mechanisms underlying invasives' success enhances understanding of eco-evolutionary theory and is essential to inform management strategies in the face of ongoing climate change.<br><br>OPEN RESEARCH BADGES: This article has been awarded Open Materials, Open Data, Preregistered Research Designs Badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8028875.v1, https://github.com/lotteanna/defence_adaptation,https://doi.org/10.1101/435271.}, }
@article {pmid31380061, year = {2019}, author = {Winkler, DE and Chapin, KJ and François, O and Garmon, JD and Gaut, BS and Huxman, TE}, title = {Multiple introductions and population structure during the rapid expansion of the invasive Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii).}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {14}, pages = {7928-7941}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5239}, pmid = {31380061}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {The specific mechanisms that result in the success of any species invasion case are difficult to document. Reproductive strategies are often cited as a primary driver of invasive success, with human activities further facilitating invasions by, for example, acting as seed vectors for dispersal via road, train, air, and marine traffic, and by producing efficient corridors for movement including canals, drainages, and roadways. Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii) is a facultative autogamous annual native to Eurasia that has rapidly invaded the southwestern United States within the past century, displacing natives, and altering water-limited landscapes in the southwest. We used a genotyping-by-sequencing approach to study the population structure and spatial geography of Sahara mustard from 744 individuals from 52 sites across the range of the species' invasion. We also used herbaria records to model range expansion since its initial introduction in the 1920s. We found that Sahara mustard occurs as three populations in the United States unstructured by geography, identified three introduction sites, and combined herbaria records with genomic analyses to map the spread of the species. Low genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium are consistent with self-fertilization, which likely promoted rapid invasive spread. Overall, we found that Sahara mustard experienced atypical expansion patterns, with a relatively constant rate of expansion and without the lag phase that is typical of many invasive species.}, }
@article {pmid31380056, year = {2019}, author = {Ladino, G and Ospina-Bautista, F and Estévez Varón, J and Jerabkova, L and Kratina, P}, title = {Ecosystem services provided by bromeliad plants: A systematic review.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {7360-7372}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5296}, pmid = {31380056}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {The unprecedented loss of biological diversity has negative impacts on ecosystems and the associated benefits which they provide to humans. Bromeliads have high diversity throughout the Neotropics, but they have been negatively affected by habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, invasive species, and commercialization for ornamental purpose. These plants provide direct benefits to the human society, and they also form microecosystems in which accumulated water and nutrients support the communities of aquatic and terrestrial species, thus maintaining local diversity. We performed a systematic review of the contribution of bromeliads to ecosystem services across their native geographical distribution. We showed that bromeliads provide a range of ecosystem services such as maintenance of biodiversity, community structure, nutrient cycling, and the provisioning of food and water. Moreover, bromeliads can regulate the spread of diseases, and water and carbon cycling, and they have the potential to become important sources of chemical and pharmaceutical products. The majority of this research was performed in Brazil, but future research from other Neotropical countries with a high diversity of bromeliads would fill the current knowledge gaps and increase the generality of these findings. This systematic review identified that future research should focus on provisioning, regulating, and cultural services that have been currently overlooked. This would enhance our understanding of how bromeliad diversity contributes to human welfare, and the negative consequences that loss of bromeliad plants can have on communities of other species and the healthy functioning of the entire ecosystems.}, }
@article {pmid31380037, year = {2019}, author = {Walls, SC and Barichivich, WJ and Chandler, J and Meade, AM and Milinichik, M and O'Donnell, KM and Owens, ME and Peacock, T and Reinman, J and Watling, RC and Wetsch, OE}, title = {Seeking shelter from the storm: Conservation and management of imperiled species in a changing climate.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {12}, pages = {7122-7133}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5277}, pmid = {31380037}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Climate change is anticipated to exacerbate the extinction risk of species whose persistence is already compromised by habitat loss, invasive species, disease, or other stressors. In coastal areas of the southeastern United States (USA), many imperiled vertebrates are vulnerable to hurricanes, which climate models predict to become more severe in the 21st century. Despite this escalating threat, explicit adaptation strategies that address hurricane threats, in particular, and climate change more generally, are largely underrepresented in recovery planning and implementation. We provide a basis for stronger emphasis on strategic planning for imperiled species facing the increasing threat of catastrophic hurricanes. Our reasoning comes from observations of short-term environmental and biological impacts of Hurricane Michael, which impacted the Gulf Coast of the southeastern USA in October 2018. During this storm, St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, located along the northern Gulf of Mexico's coast in the panhandle region of Florida, received storm surge that was 3.0-3.6 m (NAVD88) above sea level. Storm surge pushed sea water into some ephemeral freshwater ponds used for breeding by the federally threatened frosted flatwoods salamander (Ambystoma cingulatum). After the storm, specific conductance across all ponds measured varied from 80 to 23,100 µS/cm, compared to 75 to 445 µS/cm in spring 2018. For 17 overwashed wetlands that were measured in both spring and fall 2018, posthurricane conductance observations were, on average, more than 90 times higher than in the previous spring, setting the stage for varying population responses across this coastal landscape. Importantly, we found live individual flatwoods salamanders at both overwashed and non-overwashed sites, although we cannot yet assess the demographic consequences of this storm. We outline actions that could be incorporated into climate adaptation strategies and recovery planning for imperiled species, like A. cingulatum, that are associated with freshwater coastal wetlands in hurricane-prone regions.}, }
@article {pmid31379419, year = {2019}, author = {Crenna, E and Sinkko, T and Sala, S}, title = {Biodiversity impacts due to food consumption in Europe.}, journal = {Journal of cleaner production}, volume = {227}, number = {}, pages = {378-391}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.054}, pmid = {31379419}, issn = {0959-6526}, abstract = {Food security and biodiversity conservation are closely interconnected challenges to be addressed to achieve a sustainable food system on a global scale. Due to the complex nature of food production and consumption system, quantifying the impacts of food supply chains on biodiversity is challenging. Life cycle assessment (LCA) allows for systematically addressing environmental impacts along supply chains, representing a reference methodology that can be applied for assessing food systems. In the present study, 32 representative food products of consumption in the European Union (EU) were selected and their environmental impacts calculated through a process-based LCA. The potential contribution of EU food consumption to the current biodiversity decline has been evaluated adopting both midpoint and endpoint indicators. A comparison of the impact drivers was performed. Meat products, the underpinning land use for agricultural purposes, and climate change represent the main hotspots of impacts on biodiversity. Notwithstanding several drivers of biodiversity loss can be accounted for with LCA, the evidence of the increasing biodiversity decline on both a European and a global scale indicates that the assessment system should be further expanded, especially for what concerns refining impact categories such as ecotoxicity, and including resource overexploitation, and impact due to invasive species. This study illustrates: how far the current LCA based impact assessment framework may help to address the drivers of biodiversity loss; which are the main uncertainties associated to results stemming from the application of different endpoint methods; which aspects need to be elaborated further to ensure a comprehensive assessment of biodiversity impacts due to food production and consumption.}, }
@article {pmid31257773, year = {2019}, author = {Jiang, C and Shui, W and Jian, XM and Guo, PP and Chen, YP}, title = {[Soil microbial community characteristics in degraded karst tiankeng invaded by Eupatorium adenophorum.].}, journal = {Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology}, volume = {30}, number = {6}, pages = {2002-2010}, doi = {10.13287/j.1001-9332.201906.032}, pmid = {31257773}, issn = {1001-9332}, mesh = {*Ageratina ; Forests ; *Introduced Species ; *Microbiota ; Plants ; Soil ; *Soil Microbiology ; }, abstract = {After invading the grand negative landform karst degraded tiankeng, Eupatorium adenophorum will affect the plant diversity, community succession and natural ecological restoration of degraded tiankeng by changing soil microbial community. Taking the degraded tiankeng &quot;Bajiaxiantang&quot; as the research area, the soil around E. adenophorum roots in different habitats was selected to explore the microbial community characteristics of E. adenophorum roots using the Biolog-ECO micro-plate method. The results showed that the invasion degree of E. adenophorum was in order of pit slope shrub-grassland > pit bottom grassland > pit slope forest > pit head shrub-grassland. The characteristics of E. adenophorum varied among different habitats due to habitat heterogeneity. The change of microbial community metabolic activity, dominance index, richness index and evenness index of E. adenophorum roots was closely related with the invasion degree, with significant diffe-rence between inside and outside of the tiankeng. Amino acids and polymers were the main carbon sources utilized by soil microorganism. The α diversity of herbaceous plants in different habitats were correlated with that of soil microbial community. The diversity of soil microbial community around E. adenophorum roots increased significantly with the increases of invasion level, which could form a microenvironment conducive to invasion and colonization. In the future, the degraded tiankeng would eventually form the climax community of underground forests with community succession and natural ecological restoration, which might result in the disappearance of E. adenophorum in the degraded tiankeng.}, }
@article {pmid29908143, year = {2018}, author = {Sarabeev, V and Balbuena, JA and Morand, S}, title = {Invasive parasites are detectable by their abundance-occupancy relationships: the case of helminths from Liza haematocheilus (Teleostei: Mugilidae).}, journal = {International journal for parasitology}, volume = {48}, number = {9-10}, pages = {793-803}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.04.001}, pmid = {29908143}, issn = {1879-0135}, mesh = {Animals ; Fish Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Fishes ; Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Helminths/classification/*isolation &amp; purification ; Introduced Species ; Pacific Ocean/epidemiology ; }, abstract = {The biogeographic patterns of abundance and prevalence of helminths from Liza haematocheilus were studied across its native (Sea of Japan) and introduced (Sea of Azov) distribution ranges. Abundance-occupancy relationships (AORs) were tested for the core-satellite and enemy release (ERH) species hypotheses in eight and 14 host samples from the native and introduced host ranges, respectively. The AOR model fitted parasite data extremely well, irrespective of whether the host or the parasite species were native or invasive. Except for co-introduced monogeneans, species were less abundant and prevalent in the introduced host population than in the native one, which agrees well with the ERH. Two occupancy patterns were observed. A unimodal, right-skewed distribution of prevalence frequency was common for the acquired groups of helminth parasites in the introduced range, whereas a bimodal distribution was more common in the native range. Core species in the native range were monogeneans, adult and larval digeneans, whereas host-specific, co-introduced monogeneans were the only core species in the introduced range. Acquired grey-mullet specialists and host generalists infected only a small portion of the introduced host population with low mean abundance. These results indicate that strict host specificity, together with a direct life cycle, are the traits that enabled helminth species to entirely occupy the invasive host population. The AORs showed that parasite individuals tend to accumulate in a relatively small fraction of susceptible introduced hosts, probably as an adaptation to enhance mating opportunities, thereby providing a mechanistic explanation of the ERH. All this evidence suggests that co-introduced and acquired species use the introduced host population in very different ways. Therefore, we posit that the examination of AORs can be instrumental in understanding the role of co-introduced parasites in invasion theory.}, }
@article {pmid29070818, year = {2017}, author = {Eritja, R and Palmer, JRB and Roiz, D and Sanpera-Calbet, I and Bartumeus, F}, title = {Direct Evidence of Adult Aedes albopictus Dispersal by Car.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {14399}, pmid = {29070818}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {*Aedes ; *Animal Distribution ; Animals ; *Automobiles ; Cities ; Female ; Introduced Species ; Models, Theoretical ; Mosquito Vectors ; Spain ; }, abstract = {Whereas the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) has low active dispersal capabilities, its worldwide colonization has been rapid. Indirect evidence and informal reports have long implicated passive transportation in cars, but this has not previously been studied systematically given the difficulties of real-time roadside surveys. Here we report the first sampling study confirming that adult tiger mosquitoes travel with humans in cars and enabling us to estimate the frequency of these events. We combine the results with citizen science data to model the car-facilitated dispersal of Aedes albopictus at a nationwide level. During the summer of 2015, we sampled 770 cars in north-eastern Spain, discovering 4 adult female tiger mosquitoes that had entered cars prior to sampling. Our Bayesian model suggests that of the 6.5 million daily car trips in the Barcelona metropolitan area, between 13,000 and 71,500 facilitate tiger mosquito movement, and that Barcelona is the largest source of inter-province tiger mosquito transfers in Spain. Our results are supported by expert-validated citizen science data, and will contribute to better understanding the tiger mosquito's invasion process and ultimately lead to more effective vector control strategies.}, }
@article {pmid28796311, year = {2019}, author = {Cope, RC and Ross, JV and Wittmann, TA and Watts, MJ and Cassey, P}, title = {Predicting the Risk of Biological Invasions Using Environmental Similarity and Transport Network Connectedness.}, journal = {Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis}, volume = {39}, number = {1}, pages = {35-53}, doi = {10.1111/risa.12870}, pmid = {28796311}, issn = {1539-6924}, support = {DP140102319//Australian Research Council/International ; FT0991420//Australian Research Council/International ; FT130100254//Australian Research Council/International ; }, mesh = {Air Travel ; Animals ; Australia ; Environment ; Geography ; *Insecta ; Introduced Species ; Models, Biological ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Assessment/*methods ; Ships ; }, abstract = {Understanding the risk of biological invasions associated with particular transport pathways and source regions is critical for implementing effective biosecurity management. This may require both a model for physical connectedness between regions, and a measure of environmental similarity, so as to quantify the potential for a species to be transported from a given region and to survive at a destination region. We present an analysis of integrated biosecurity risk into Australia, based on flights and shipping data from each global geopolitical region, and an adaptation of the &quot;range bagging&quot; method to determine environmental matching between regions. Here, we describe global patterns of environmental matching and highlight those regions with many physical connections. We classify patterns of global invasion risk (high to low) into Australian states and territories. We validate our analysis by comparison with global presence data for 844 phytophagous insect pest species, and produce a list of high-risk species not previously known to be present in Australia. We determined that, of the insect pest species used for validation, the species most likely to be present in Australia were those also present in geopolitical regions with high transport connectivity to Australia, and those regions that were geographically close, and had similar environments.}, }
@article {pmid28425474, year = {2017}, author = {Wu, Y and Wang, H and Hadly, EA}, title = {Invasion of Ancestral Mammals into Dim-light Environments Inferred from Adaptive Evolution of the Phototransduction Genes.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {46542}, pmid = {28425474}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics/physiology/radiation effects ; Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fossils ; Introduced Species ; Light ; Light Signal Transduction/*genetics/physiology/radiation effects ; Mammals/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Time Factors ; Vision, Ocular/*genetics/physiology/radiation effects ; }, abstract = {Nocturnality is a key evolutionary innovation of mammals that enables mammals to occupy relatively empty nocturnal niches. Invasion of ancestral mammals into nocturnality has long been inferred from the phylogenetic relationships of crown Mammalia, which is primarily nocturnal, and crown Reptilia, which is primarily diurnal, although molecular evidence for this is lacking. Here we used phylogenetic analyses of the vision genes involved in the phototransduction pathway to predict the diel activity patterns of ancestral mammals and reptiles. Our results demonstrated that the common ancestor of the extant Mammalia was dominated by positive selection for dim-light vision, supporting the predominate nocturnality of the ancestral mammals. Further analyses showed that the nocturnality of the ancestral mammals was probably derived from the predominate diurnality of the ancestral amniotes, which featured strong positive selection for bright-light vision. Like the ancestral amniotes, the common ancestor of the extant reptiles and various taxa in Squamata, one of the main competitors of the temporal niches of the ancestral mammals, were found to be predominate diurnality as well. Despite this relatively apparent temporal niche partitioning between ancestral mammals and the relevant reptiles, our results suggested partial overlap of their temporal niches during crepuscular periods.}, }
@article {pmid31374896, year = {2019}, author = {Liu, HB and Rui, L and Feng, YQ and Wu, XQ}, title = {Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of Three Autophagy Genes, BxATG5, BxATG9, and BxATG16, in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {20}, number = {15}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijms20153769}, pmid = {31374896}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {No. 2018YFD0600203//the National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; No. CX (16) 1005//Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund/ ; PAPD//the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions/ ; DFF//the Doctorate Fellowship Foundation of Nanjing Forestry University/ ; }, abstract = {The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the pathogen responsible for pine wilt disease (PWD), a devastating forest disease with a pathogenic mechanism that remains unclear. Autophagy plays a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes in eukaryotes, but its regulatory mechanism and significance in PWN are unknown. Therefore, we cloned and characterized three autophagy genes, BxATG5, BxATG9, and BxATG16, in PWN. BxATG9 and BxATG16 were efficiently silenced through RNA interference, and we found that BxATG16 positively regulated the expression of BxATG5. Silencing BxATG9 and BxATG16 severely inhibited feeding and reproduction in PWN, indicating that autophagy is essential for these processes. We then examined the expression patterns of these three autophagy genes in PWN under the stresses of α-pinene and H2O2, the main defense substances of pine trees, and during the development of PWD using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of BxATG5, BxATG9, and BxATG16 all significantly increased after nematodes were stressed with α-pinene and H2O2 and inoculated into pine trees, suggesting that autophagy plays an important role in the defense and pathogenesis of PWN. In this study, the molecular characteristics and functions of the autophagy genes BxATG5, BxATG9, and BxATG16 in PWN were elucidated.}, }
@article {pmid31373390, year = {2019}, author = {Padilla, P and Courant, J and Herrel, A}, title = {Allocation trade-offs impact organ size and muscle architecture in an invasive population of Xenopus laevis in Western France.}, journal = {Journal of anatomy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/joa.13063}, pmid = {31373390}, issn = {1469-7580}, support = {ANR-13-EBID-0008-01//ERA-Net BiodivERsA/ ; }, abstract = {Invasive species are a global scourge and often negatively impact native species. Understanding the expansion and dispersal limits of these species is essential. As previous studies have demonstrated increased locomotor performance for populations at the edge of the range of expanding populations, studies of locomotion including the anatomical and physiological traits underlying dispersal capacity are of interest. We focus here on an invasive population of Xenopus laevis introduced in France nearly forty years ago. Previous studies have demonstrated differences in mobility between populations from the centre and the edge of the invasive range, with individuals from the range edge possessing a higher endurance capacity. We test here whether range-edge frogs show anatomical differences in organs or muscles underlying these observed differences of performance. We dissected 10 males and 10 females from central and range-edge sites (40 animals in total) and measured the mass of their organs and the mass, the length, and the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) of 28 hind limb muscles. Our results show anatomical differences with individuals from the range edge possessing heavier, longer and more forceful muscles. Moreover, females from the range edge had a heavier heart but lighter stomach than those of the centre of the range. Future studies comparing the morphology between native and invasive populations in other regions or for other species will be especially insightful to better understand the possible adaptive changes in invasive populations and the limits on dispersal capacity.}, }
@article {pmid31371774, year = {2019}, author = {Wauters, LA and Mazzamuto, MV and Santicchia, F and Van Dongen, S and Preatoni, DG and Martinoli, A}, title = {Interspecific competition affects the expression of personality-traits in natural populations.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {11189}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-47694-4}, pmid = {31371774}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Competition between animal species can cause niche partitioning and shape an individual's phenotype, including its behaviour. However, little is known about effects of interspecific competition on personality, the among-individual variation in behaviour that is consistent across different spatial and temporal contexts. We investigated whether alien grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) influenced the expression of personality traits in native red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). In Italy, alien grey squirrels replaced native reds through competition for food resources and space, reducing breeding and recruitment in the native species. We compared personality of red squirrels in red-only (no interspecific competition) and red-grey (with interspecific competition) sites, using arena-tests. The trait activity was measured by Open Field Test while sociability and avoidance were quantified by Mirror Image Stimulation test. Red squirrels co-occurring with the alien species had higher sociability scores and higher between-individual variation in sociability than in red-only sites. Differences in activity and avoidance were not significant. Personality - fitness relationships were not affected by presence or absence of grey squirrels, suggesting that the expression of sociability in red squirrels was not due to short-term selection, but was likely the result of context-related advantages when co-occurring with the competing species.}, }
@article {pmid30693622, year = {2019}, author = {da Silva, ÍF and Vieira, EA}, title = {Phytotoxic potential of Senna occidentalis (L.) Link extracts on seed germination and oxidative stress of Ipê seedlings.}, journal = {Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {770-779}, doi = {10.1111/plb.12969}, pmid = {30693622}, issn = {1438-8677}, mesh = {Germination/*drug effects ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Introduced Species ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/*drug effects ; Plant Extracts/*pharmacology ; Plant Leaves/drug effects/metabolism ; Plant Roots/drug effects/metabolism ; Seedlings/*drug effects/metabolism ; Seeds/*drug effects ; Senna Plant/*chemistry ; Tabebuia/*drug effects/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; }, abstract = {Senna occidentalis is an invasive plant producing a series of allelochemicals that might inhibit the development of other plants. The objective of this study was to assess the phytotoxic effect of S. occidentalis extracts on the germination, development and antioxidant defence of the native species Tabebuia chrysotricha, T. pentaphylla, T. roseoalba and Handroanthus impetiginosus (Ipê species). We evaluated the effects of chemicals extracted from S. occidentalis on the germination rate, germination speed index (GSI) and biometric parameters of the test species under controlled conditions. The effect of the extracts on the pigment content, amount of H2 O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in roots and leaves were also tested. Alkaloids, coumarins, phenols, saponins, free steroids and condensed tannins were present in all extracts of S. occidentalis, while catechins were present only in leaf and stem extracts. Stem and root extracts caused a growth reduction in all Ipê species and total inhibition of seed germination in T. chrysotricha and T. roseoalba. All target species showed an increase in H2 O2 and MDA in radicles and leaves. Oxidative stress contributed strongly to the morphological changes, such as seed blackening, thinning and darkening of radicle tips and reduction of biomass allocation in all Ipê species. Although there was activation of antioxidant defence mechanisms, such as an increase in activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes, the joint action of the allelochemicals caused phytotoxicity, leading to cell dysfunction in all Ipê species.}, }
@article {pmid30025641, year = {2018}, author = {Abram, PK and Moffat, CE}, title = {Rethinking biological control programs as planned invasions.}, journal = {Current opinion in insect science}, volume = {27}, number = {}, pages = {9-15}, doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2018.01.011}, pmid = {30025641}, issn = {2214-5753}, mesh = {Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Insecta/*physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Pest Control, Biological ; }, abstract = {Biological control of pests with their natural enemies essentially consists of planned invasions, with the opportunity to select both the invader and the invaded environment. Recent advances in invasion science link 'intrinsic invasion factors' (life history and behavioral traits) with invader success; connect 'extrinsic invasion factors' (abiotic and biotic aspects of the invaded environment) with environmental invasibility; and demonstrate that their interaction leads not only to ecologically driven variability but also to rapid evolutionary change in biocontrol systems. However, current theory and empirical evidence from invasion science have not yet been extensively adopted into biological control research and practice.}, }
@article {pmid31366125, year = {2019}, author = {Lim, SR and Lee, DH and Park, SY and Lee, S and Kim, HY and Lee, MS and Lee, JR and Han, JE and Kim, HK and Kim, JH}, title = {Wild Nutria (Myocastor coypus) Is a Potential Reservoir of Carbapenem-Resistant and Zoonotic Aeromonas spp. in Korea.}, journal = {Microorganisms}, volume = {7}, number = {8}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/microorganisms7080224}, pmid = {31366125}, issn = {2076-2607}, support = {KGM2111931//Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology/ ; 201800227001//Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute/ ; 20180430//Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology promotion/ ; }, abstract = {The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas spp. is a serious public and animal health concern. Wild animals serve as reservoirs, vectors, and sentinels of these bacteria and can facilitate their transmission to humans and livestock. The nutria (Myocastor coypus), a semi-aquatic rodent, currently is globally considered an invasive alien species that has harmful impacts on natural ecosystems and carries various zoonotic aquatic pathogens. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant zoonotic Aeromonas spp. in wild invasive nutrias captured in Korea during governmental eradication program. Three potential zoonotic Aeromonas spp. (A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. dhakensis) were identified among isolates from nutria. Some strains showed unexpected resistance to fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems. In carbapenem-resistant isolates, the cphA gene, which is related to intrinsic resistance of Aeromonas to carbapenems, was identified, and phylogenetic analysis based on this gene revealed the presence of two major groups represented by A. hydrophila (including A. dhakensis) and other Aeromonas spp. These results indicate that wild nutrias in Korea are a potential reservoir of zoonotic and antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas spp. that can cause infection and treatment failure in humans. Thus, measures to prevent contact of wild nutrias with livestock and humans are needed.}, }
@article {pmid30052904, year = {2018}, author = {Evans, JS and Erwin, PM and Shenkar, N and López-Legentil, S}, title = {A comparison of prokaryotic symbiont communities in nonnative and native ascidians from reef and harbor habitats.}, journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology}, volume = {94}, number = {9}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiy139}, pmid = {30052904}, issn = {1574-6941}, abstract = {Harbor systems represent passive gateways for the introduction of nonnative ascidians that compete with the surrounding benthos and may spread through localized dispersal, even populating adjacent natural reefs. To investigate the potential role of microbial symbionts in the success of ascidian introductions and spread, we evaluated the host-specificity of prokaryotic communities within two ascidian species commonly found off the North Carolina coast. Replicate samples of the native ascidian Eudistoma capsulatum, the nonnative ascidian Distaplia bermudensis and seawater were collected from artificial (harbor) and natural reef substrates. Prokaryotic communities in seawater samples and ascidian tunics were characterized via next-generation sequencing of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Ascidian microbiomes clustered strongly in response to host species, with significant differences in community structure between the two species and seawater. Further, symbiont community structure differed significantly between E. capsulatumindividuals collected from artificial and natural habitats, though this was not the case for D. bermudensis. These findings suggested that some ascidian species possess stable microbial symbiont communities that allow them to thrive in a wide range of habitats, while other species rely on the restructuring of their microbial communities with specific symbionts (e.g. Chelativorans) to survive under particular environmental conditions such as increased pollution.}, }
@article {pmid31364763, year = {2019}, author = {McDonald, IJ and McKinnon, M}, title = {Communicating biosecurity information to Australian-registered veterinarians.}, journal = {Australian veterinary journal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/avj.12843}, pmid = {31364763}, issn = {1751-0813}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Updating veterinarians (vets) on the latest biosecurity resources, information and alerts is important to ensure protection of domesticated and native animals. This preliminary questionnaire aimed to better understand the communication preferences of Australian-registered vets for biosecurity information, and their trust of these sources.<br><br>METHODS: An online questionnaire asking vets about their current communication preferences for biosecurity information, and their level of trust of these was created and distributed to Australian-registered vets.<br><br>RESULTS: Survey respondents (158) use and highly trust communication from (in order) vet and animal health organisations, vet surgeons' boards, the scientific literature, and government agencies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study identifies that using vet surgeon's boards, government agencies and vet and animal health organisations may be an effective means for communicating biosecurity information to vets. Future research should consider which sources vets trust and why, to facilitate effective communication to them and the clients they serve.}, }
@article {pmid31363753, year = {2019}, author = {Piper, AM and Batovska, J and Cogan, NOI and Weiss, J and Cunningham, JP and Rodoni, BC and Blacket, MJ}, title = {Prospects and challenges of implementing DNA metabarcoding for high-throughput insect surveillance.}, journal = {GigaScience}, volume = {8}, number = {8}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/gigascience/giz092}, pmid = {31363753}, issn = {2047-217X}, abstract = {Trap-based surveillance strategies are widely used for monitoring of invasive insect species, aiming to detect newly arrived exotic taxa as well as track the population levels of established or endemic pests. Where these surveillance traps have low specificity and capture non-target endemic species in excess of the target pests, the need for extensive specimen sorting and identification creates a major diagnostic bottleneck. While the recent development of standardized molecular diagnostics has partly alleviated this requirement, the single specimen per reaction nature of these methods does not readily scale to the sheer number of insects trapped in surveillance programmes. Consequently, target lists are often restricted to a few high-priority pests, allowing unanticipated species to avoid detection and potentially establish populations. DNA metabarcoding has recently emerged as a method for conducting simultaneous, multi-species identification of complex mixed communities and may lend itself ideally to rapid diagnostics of bulk insect trap samples. Moreover, the high-throughput nature of recent sequencing platforms could enable the multiplexing of hundreds of diverse trap samples on a single flow cell, thereby providing the means to dramatically scale up insect surveillance in terms of both the quantity of traps that can be processed concurrently and number of pest species that can be targeted. In this review of the metabarcoding literature, we explore how DNA metabarcoding could be tailored to the detection of invasive insects in a surveillance context and highlight the unique technical and regulatory challenges that must be considered when implementing high-throughput sequencing technologies into sensitive diagnostic applications.}, }
@article {pmid31363104, year = {2019}, author = {Nogueira, CB and Menéndez, E and Ramírez-Bahena, MH and Velázquez, E and Peix, Á and Mateos, PF and Scotti, MR}, title = {The N-fixing legume Periandra mediterranea constrains the invasion of an exotic grass (Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv) by altering soil N cycling.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {11033}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-47380-5}, pmid = {31363104}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Melinis minutiflora is an invasive species that threatens the biodiversity of the endemic vegetation of the campo rupestre biome in Brazil, displacing the native vegetation and favouring fire spread. As M. minutiflora invasion has been associated with a high nitrogen (N) demand, we assessed changes in N cycle under four treatments: two treatments with contrasting invasion levels (above and below 50%) and two un-invaded control treatments with native vegetation, in the presence or absence of the leguminous species Periandra mediterranea. This latter species was considered to be the main N source in this site due to its ability to fix N2 in association with Bradyrhizobia species. Soil proteolytic activity was high in treatments with P. mediterranea and in those severely invaded, but not in the first steps of invasion. While ammonium was the N-chemical species dominant in plots with native species, including P.mediterranea, soil nitrate prevailed only in fully invaded plots due to the stimulation of the nitrifying bacterial (AOB) and archaeal (AOA) populations carrying the amoA gene. However, in the presence of P. mediterranea, either in the beginning of the invasion or in uninvaded plots, we observed an inhibition of the nitrifying microbial populations and nitrate formation, suggesting that this is a biotic resistance strategy elicited by P. mediterranea to compete with M. minutiflora. Therefore, the inhibition of proteolytic activity and the nitrification process were the strategies elicited by P.mediterranea to constrain M.munitiflora invasion.}, }
@article {pmid31359571, year = {2019}, author = {Briscoe, NJ and Elith, J and Salguero-Gómez, R and Lahoz-Monfort, JJ and Camac, JS and Giljohann, KM and Holden, MH and Hradsky, BA and Kearney, MR and McMahon, SM and Phillips, BL and Regan, TJ and Rhodes, JR and Vesk, PA and Wintle, BA and Yen, JDL and Guillera-Arroita, G}, title = {Forecasting species range dynamics with process-explicit models: matching methods to applications.}, journal = {Ecology letters}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13348}, pmid = {31359571}, issn = {1461-0248}, support = {DE160100904//Australian Research Council/ ; DP180101852//Australian Research Council/ ; R/142195-11-1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; CE11001000104//Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, Australian Research Council/ ; }, abstract = {Knowing where species occur is fundamental to many ecological and environmental applications. Species distribution models (SDMs) are typically based on correlations between species occurrence data and environmental predictors, with ecological processes captured only implicitly. However, there is a growing interest in approaches that explicitly model processes such as physiology, dispersal, demography and biotic interactions. These models are believed to offer more robust predictions, particularly when extrapolating to novel conditions. Many process-explicit approaches are now available, but it is not clear how we can best draw on this expanded modelling toolbox to address ecological problems and inform management decisions. Here, we review a range of process-explicit models to determine their strengths and limitations, as well as their current use. Focusing on four common applications of SDMs - regulatory planning, extinction risk, climate refugia and invasive species - we then explore which models best meet management needs. We identify barriers to more widespread and effective use of process-explicit models and outline how these might be overcome. As well as technical and data challenges, there is a pressing need for more thorough evaluation of model predictions to guide investment in method development and ensure the promise of these new approaches is fully realised.}, }
@article {pmid31358626, year = {2019}, author = {Craven, D and Knight, TM and Barton, KE and Bialic-Murphy, L and Chase, JM}, title = {Dissecting macroecological and macroevolutionary patterns of forest biodiversity across the Hawaiian archipelago.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1901954116}, pmid = {31358626}, issn = {1091-6490}, abstract = {Biodiversity patterns emerge as a consequence of evolutionary and ecological processes. Their relative importance is frequently tested on model ecosystems such as oceanic islands that vary in both. However, the coarse-scale data typically used in biogeographic studies have limited inferential power to separate the effects of historical biogeographic factors (e.g., island age) from the effects of ecological ones (e.g., island area and habitat heterogeneity). Here, we describe local-scale biodiversity patterns of woody plants using a database of more than 500 forest plots from across the Hawaiian archipelago, where these volcanic islands differ in age by several million years. We show that, after controlling for factors such as island area and heterogeneity, the oldest islands (Kaua'i and O'ahu) have greater native species diversity per unit area than younger islands (Maui and Hawai'i), indicating an important role for macroevolutionary processes in driving not just whole-island differences in species diversity, but also local community assembly. Further, we find that older islands have a greater number of rare species that are more spatially clumped (i.e., higher within-island β-diversity) than younger islands. When we included alien species in our analyses, we found that the signal of macroevolutionary processes via island age was diluted. Our approach allows a more explicit test of the question of how macroevolutionary factors shape not just regional-scale biodiversity, but also local-scale community assembly patterns and processes in a model archipelago ecosystem, and it can be applied to disentangle biodiversity drivers in other systems.}, }
@article {pmid31357277, year = {2019}, author = {García-Valcárcel, AI and Martínez-Ferrer, MT and Campos-Rivela, JM and Hernando Guil, MD}, title = {Analysis of pesticide residues in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and in corbicular pollen. Exposure in citrus orchard with an integrated pest management system.}, journal = {Talanta}, volume = {204}, number = {}, pages = {153-162}, doi = {10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.106}, pmid = {31357277}, issn = {1873-3573}, abstract = {In the last years, the honeybee population is facing growing threats such as expansion of pathogens, incorrect use of phytosanitary products and environmental contaminants, loss or fragmentation of habitat, invasive species and climate change. The citrus cropping by Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Spain combines strategies to reduce pest populations preventing environmental problems and reducing levels of damage by using chemicals only when it is strictly necessary. The goal of this study is to develop a simple analytical method to evaluate pesticide residue levels in honeybees and corbicular pollen when honeybees are exposed to plant protection products (PPPs) used in integrated pest management citrus orchards. The proposed method is based in an ultrasound assisted extraction procedure followed by a dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up with alumina and LC-MS/MS pesticides determination. The method was validated in samples of honeybee and corbicular pollen for 10 pesticides commonly used in citrus orchards under IPM. This procedure was compared with QuEChERS methodologies for these matrices. The developed method was applied to determine pesticides in both matrices in a two -year study in citrus orchards.}, }
@article {pmid31059877, year = {2019}, author = {Stefanowicz, AM and Zubek, S and Stanek, M and Grześ, IM and Rożej-Pabijan, E and Błaszkowski, J and Woch, MW}, title = {Invasion of Rosa rugosa induced changes in soil nutrients and microbial communities of coastal sand dunes.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {677}, number = {}, pages = {340-349}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.408}, pmid = {31059877}, issn = {1879-1026}, mesh = {Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Fungi/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Microbiota ; Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Nutrients/analysis ; Plant Dispersal ; Poland ; Rosa/*physiology ; Soil/*chemistry ; *Soil Microbiology ; }, abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of R. rugosa invasion on soil physicochemical and microbial properties of coastal sand dunes. The study was performed at 25 paired invaded-native plots along the Hel Peninsula at the coast of the Baltic Sea. A number of soil physicochemical and microbial parameters were measured, namely organic matter layer thickness, pH, electrical conductivity, organic C, total Ca, N, Na, P, N-NH4, N-NO3 and P-PO4 concentrations, phospholipid and neutral fatty acid (PLFA, NLFA) markers of total microbial, bacterial, fungal biomass and microbial community structure, as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore and species numbers, and the degree of AMF root colonization. Since potential alterations in soil parameters induced by R. rugosa may be related to large amounts of secondary metabolites provided to the soil with litter or root exudates, total phenolic concentration in senescing tissues of R. rugosa and native species was compared. Rosa rugosa invasion was associated with increased organic C, total N and P-PO4 concentrations in mineral soil relative to native vegetation. Organic matter layer under R. rugosa was thicker, had higher pH and Ca concentration. Rosa rugosa invasion was associated with reduced total microbial, bacterial and G+ bacterial biomass and increased AMF biomass markers (16:1ω5 NLFA and 16:1ω5 NLFA/PLFA), and changes in microbial community structure in mineral soil. The reduction in total and bacterial biomass under R. rugosa might have been related to the production of secondary metabolites as total phenolic concentration was approx. 5 times higher in senescing tissues of R. rugosa than in native vegetation. The observed increase in element concentrations and alterations in microbial community structure suggest that invasion of R. rugosa may threaten nutrient-poor habitats of coastal dunes. Changes in the soil environment may hinder restoration of these valuable habitats after invader removal.}, }
@article {pmid31051382, year = {2019}, author = {Zhao, M and Lu, X and Zhao, H and Yang, Y and Hale, L and Gao, Q and Liu, W and Guo, J and Li, Q and Zhou, J and Wan, F}, title = {Ageratina adenophora invasions are associated with microbially mediated differences in biogeochemical cycles.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {677}, number = {}, pages = {47-56}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.330}, pmid = {31051382}, issn = {1879-1026}, mesh = {Ageratina ; Carbon/*analysis ; China ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, Fungal ; *Introduced Species ; *Microbiota ; Nitrogen/*analysis ; Population Dynamics ; Rhizosphere ; Soil/*chemistry ; *Soil Microbiology ; }, abstract = {Invasive plant species may alter soil nutrient availability to facilitate their growth and competitiveness. However, the roles and functional mechanisms of plant-associated microbes that mediate these soil biogeochemical cycles remain elusive. Here, we studied how soil microorganisms and their functional processes differed between soils invaded by Ageratina adenophora and adjacent non-invaded soils in a region of China with heavy invasion. Our results indicated that soil nitrogen contents were over 4.32 mg/kg higher (p < 0.05) in both rhizosphere soils and bulk soils dominated by A. adenophora as compared with those in soils dominated by non-invaded plants. Concurrently, soil microbial-mediated functional processes, i.e. nitrogen fixation rate, nitrification rate and ammonification rate, were also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in either rhizosphere soils or bulk soils of invasive A. adenophora. Using a functional gene microarray, we found higher relative abundances of soil microbial genes involved in N cycling processes in A. adenophora soils, e.g. nifH, required for nitrogen fixation, which significantly correlated with ammonia contents (r = 0.35 in bulk soils, r = 0.37 in rhizosphere soils, p < 0.05) and the nitrogen fixation rate (r = 0.44, p < 0.05). We also found that the relative abundances of labile carbon decomposition genes were higher in invasive A. adenophora soils, implying a potential higher availability of carbon. These results suggest that the soil surrounding the invasive plant A. adenophora is a self-reinforcing environment. The plant litter and rhizosphere environment of the invasive may influence soil microbial communities, promoting self-supporting soil processes. Alternatively, the regions invaded by A. adenophora may have already had properties that facilitated these beneficial microbial community traits, allowing easier invasion by the exotics. Both scenarios offer important insights for the mitigation of plant invasion and provide an ecosystem-level understanding of the invasive mechanisms utilized by alien plants.}, }
@article {pmid30184119, year = {2018}, author = {Mathai, PP and Dunn, HM and Magnone, P and Brown, CM and Chun, CL and Sadowsky, MJ}, title = {Spatial and temporal characterization of epiphytic microbial communities associated with Eurasian watermilfoil: a highly invasive macrophyte in North America.}, journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology}, volume = {94}, number = {12}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiy178}, pmid = {30184119}, issn = {1574-6941}, mesh = {Aquatic Organisms/microbiology ; Bacteria/*classification/*genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Introduced Species ; Lakes/*microbiology ; Microbiota/genetics ; North America ; Plants ; Saxifragales/*microbiology ; }, abstract = {Bacterial communities that inhabit the surface of aquatic plants are thought to play a critical role in relation to host fitness and function. However, little is known about their structure and dynamics in comparison with those of bacterioplankton. In this study, we performed a comprehensive spatial and temporal characterization of epibacterial communities associated with Eurasian watermilfoil (EWM; Myriophyllum spicatum), an invasive macrophyte, which has established itself in thousands of lakes across North America. EWM samples were collected from 10 lakes in Minnesota, once a month, for six consecutive months, along with surrounding water and sediment. High-throughput DNA sequencing analyses, performed on all samples (n = 522) using the Illumina platform, indicated that EWM-associated epibacterial communities were distinct from those found in water and sediment. EWM-specific microbiota was comprised of operational taxonomic units classified to the families Rhodobacteraceae, Comamonadaceae, Cyanobacteria Subsection I Family I, Aeromonadaceae, Planctomycetaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae. In addition, several identified taxa were overrepresented in EWM samples when compared to water and sediment. Amongst all the environmental factors examined, water temperature had the greatest influence on epibacterial community structure. Our findings suggest that EWM harbor specific, but temporally adapted, epibacterial communities that are potentially involved in host-microbe interactions.}, }
@article {pmid31355448, year = {2019}, author = {Queiroz-Sousa, J and Keith, SA and David, GS and Brandão, H and Nobile, AB and Paes, JVK and Souto, AC and Lima, FP and Silva, RJ and Henry, R and Richardson, K}, title = {Species richness and functional structure of fish assemblages in three freshwater habitats: effects of environmental factors and management.}, journal = {Journal of fish biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jfb.14109}, pmid = {31355448}, issn = {1095-8649}, abstract = {In this study, the inverted trophic hypothesis was tested in the freshwater fish communities of a reservoir. The distribution of fish species in three freshwater habitats in the Jurumirim Reservoir, Brazil, was examined using both species richness and the relative proportions of different trophic groups. These groups were used as a proxy for functional structure in an attempt to test the ability of these measures to assess fish diversity. Assemblage structures were first described using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The influence of environmental conditions for multiple fish assemblage response variables (richness, total abundance and abundance per trophic group) was tested using generalised linear mixed models (GLMM). The metric typically employed to describe diversity; i.e., species richness, was not related to environmental conditions. However, absolute species abundance was relatively well explained with up to 54% of the variation in the observed data accounted for. Differences in the dominance of trophic groups were most apparent in response to the presence of introduced fish species: the iliophagous and piscivorous trophic groups were positively associated, while detritivores and herbivores were negatively associated, with the alien species. This suggests that monitoring functional diversity might be more valuable than species diversity for assessing effects of disturbances and managements policies on the fish community. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31352886, year = {2019}, author = {Tamburello, N and Ma, BO and Côté, IM}, title = {From individual movement behaviour to landscape-scale invasion dynamics and management: a case study of lionfish metapopulations.}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences}, volume = {374}, number = {1781}, pages = {20180057}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2018.0057}, pmid = {31352886}, issn = {1471-2970}, abstract = {Modelling the dynamics of small, interconnected populations, or metapopulations, can help pinpoint habitat patches that are critical for population persistence in patchy habitats. For conservation purposes, these patches are typically earmarked for protection, but for invasive species management, these patches could be targeted to hasten the populations' demise. Here, we show how metapopulation modelling, coupled with an understanding of size-dependent dispersal behaviour, can be used to help optimize the distribution of limited resources for culling specific populations of invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans) in the western Atlantic. Through simulation using fitted model parameters, we derive three insights that can inform management. First, culling lionfish from target patches reduces the probability of lionfish occupancy at surrounding patches. Second, this effect depends on patch size and connectivity, but is strongest at the local scale and decays with distance. Finally, size-dependent dispersal in lionfish means that size-selective culling can change both a population's size distribution and dispersal potential, with cascading effects on network connectivity, population dynamics and management outcomes. By explicitly considering seascape structure and movement behaviour when allocating effort to the management of invasive species, managers can optimize resource use to improve management outcomes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking behaviour to dynamics of populations and communities: application of novel approaches in behavioural ecology to conservation'.}, }
@article {pmid30254322, year = {2019}, author = {Li, SP and Tan, J and Yang, X and Ma, C and Jiang, L}, title = {Niche and fitness differences determine invasion success and impact in laboratory bacterial communities.}, journal = {The ISME journal}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {402-412}, doi = {10.1038/s41396-018-0283-x}, pmid = {30254322}, issn = {1751-7370}, mesh = {Bacteria/*classification/*genetics ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Laboratories ; Microbiota ; *Models, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; }, abstract = {There is increasing awareness of invasion in microbial communities worldwide, but the mechanisms behind microbial invasions remain poorly understood. Specifically, we know little about how the evolutionary and ecological differences between invaders and natives regulate invasion success and impact. Darwin's naturalization hypothesis suggests that the phylogenetic distance between invaders and natives could be a useful predictor of invasion, and modern coexistence theory proposes that invader-native niche and fitness differences combine to determine invasion outcome. However, the relative importance of phylogenetic distance, niche difference and fitness difference for microbial invasions has rarely been examined. By using laboratory bacterial microcosms as model systems, we experimentally assessed the roles of these differences for the success of bacterial invaders and their impact on native bacterial community structure. We found that the phylogenetic distance between invaders and natives failed to explain invasion success and impact for two of three invaders at the phylogenetic scale considered. Further, we found that invasion success was better explained by invader-native niche differences than relative fitness differences for all three invaders, whereas invasion impact was better explained by invader-native relative fitness differences than niche differences. These findings highlight the utility of considering modern coexistence theory to gain a more mechanistic understanding of microbial invasions.}, }
@article {pmid31351148, year = {2019}, author = {De Araujo, LI and Karsten, M and Terblanche, JS}, title = {Exploring thermal flight responses as predictors of flight ability and geographic range size in Drosophila.}, journal = {Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular &amp; integrative physiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {110532}, doi = {10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110532}, pmid = {31351148}, issn = {1531-4332}, abstract = {Thermal flight performance curves (TFPCs) may be a useful proxy for determining dispersal on daily timescales in winged insect species. Few studies have assessed TFPCs across a range of species under standard conditions despite that they may be useful in predicting variation in performance, abundance or geographic range shifts with forecast climate variability. Indeed, the factors determining realized dispersal within and among flying insect species are generally poorly understood. To better understand how flight performance may be correlated with geographic range extent and potential latitudinal climate variability, we estimated the thermal performance curves of flight ability in 11 Drosophilidae species (in 4 °C increments across 16-28 °C) after standard laboratory rearing for two generations. We tested if key morphological, evolutionary or ecological factors (e.g. species identity, sex, body mass, wing loading, geographic range size) predicted traits of TFPCs (including optimum temperature, maximum performance, thermal breadth of performance) or flight ability (success/failure to fly). Although several parameters of TFPCs varied among species these were typically not statistically significant probably owing to the relatively small pool of species assessed and the limited trait variation detected. The best explanatory model of these flight responses across species included significant positive effects of test temperature and wing area. However, the rank of geographic distribution breadth and phylogeny failed to explain significant variation in most of the traits, except for thermal performance breadth, of thermal flight performance curves among these 11 species. Future studies that employ a wider range of Drosophilidae species, especially if coupled with fine-scale estimates of species' environmental niches, would be useful.}, }
@article {pmid31349161, year = {2019}, author = {Guzzetti, E and Salabery, E and Ferriol, P and Díaz, JA and Tejada, S and Faggio, C and Sureda, A}, title = {Oxidative stress induction by the invasive sponge Paraleucilla magna growing on Peyssonnelia squamaria algae.}, journal = {Marine environmental research}, volume = {150}, number = {}, pages = {104763}, doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104763}, pmid = {31349161}, issn = {1879-0291}, abstract = {The introduction of invasive species can lead to significant adverse effects on the colonized areas. The aim of the present research was to determine if the invasive behavior of Paraleucilla magna could induce the activation of the antioxidant defences in the native red algae, Peyssonnelia squamaria. Individuals of isolated P. squamaria and individuals epiphytized by P. magna, both growing on rocky bottoms, were collected. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes - catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase - and the levels of the malondialdehyde were significantly higher in the algae of the epiphytic group compared to the control group, while the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase did not show significant differences. The levels of reduced glutathione and total polyphenols were higher in the algae affected by the sponge. In conclusion, the arrival of the species P. magna induces an adaptative antioxidant response in P. squamaria determined by the use of biomarkers.}, }
@article {pmid31349024, year = {2019}, author = {Thomas, JR and Masefield, S and Hunt, R and Wood, MJ and Hart, AG and Hallam, J and Griffiths, SW and Cable, J}, title = {Terrestrial emigration behaviour of two invasive crayfish species.}, journal = {Behavioural processes}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {103917}, doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103917}, pmid = {31349024}, issn = {1872-8308}, abstract = {To disperse between isolated waterbodies, freshwater organisms must often cross terrestrial barriers and many freshwater animals that are incapable of flight must rely on transport via flooding events, other animals or anthropogenic activity. Decapods such as crayfish, on the other hand, can disperse to nearby waterbodies by walking on land, a behaviour that has facilitated the spread of invasive species. Overland movement could play a key role in the management of non-native crayfish, though to what extent terrestrial emigration occurs in different species is poorly understood. Here, we directly compared the terrestrial emigration tendency of two non-native crayfish species in Great Britain; red swamp (Procambarus clarkii) and signal (Pacifastacus leniusculus) crayfish. We found that both species emigrated from the water and that there was no significant difference in terms of their terrestrial emigration tendency, suggesting that there is a risk both of these species will migrate overland and disperse to new habitats. This study shows that terrestrial emigration is an important behavioural trait to consider when preventing the escape of crayfish from aquaculture and further spread of invasive species.}, }
@article {pmid31346442, year = {2019}, author = {Liu, M and Liao, H and Peng, S}, title = {Salt-tolerant native plants have greater responses to other environments when compared to salt-tolerant invasive plants.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {13}, pages = {7808-7818}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5368}, pmid = {31346442}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {The strong expansion potential of invasive plants is often attributed to fast adaptive responses to stress. However, the evolution of tolerance to one stressor may affect the responses to other stressors. Currently, it remains unclear what effect the evolution to one stressor might have on the responses to other single or combined stressors. Moreover, it is unknown how this might differ between invasive and native species.Invasive plants (Mikania micrantha and Bidens pilosa) and native plants (Merremia hederacea and Sida acuta) from low- and high-salinity habitats were grown under control and stressful conditions [salt stress, water stress (drought/waterlogging), and their combinations]. We explored the effects of evolved salt tolerance on the responses to water stress/combined stresses and the underlying trait mechanisms.The high-salinity populations of all species exhibited stronger salt tolerance than the low-salinity populations. As to the tolerance to other stressors, the high-salinity and low-salinity populations of the invasive species were similar, whereas the high-salinity populations of the native species exhibited stronger tolerance than the low-salinity populations under most stress treatments. However, the enhanced salt tolerance in native species was accompanied by reduced total biomass under control condition. The stress tolerance of native species correlated with leaf production rate and allocation to root, while the performance of native species under control condition correlated with leaf morphology and carbon assimilation rate. This suggests a trade-off between salt tolerance and performance in the native but not the invasive species, probably resulting from altered phenotypic/physiological traits.<br><br>Synthesis: Our work suggests that the evolution of tolerance to one stressor may have stronger effects on the tolerance to other stressors of the native compared with the invasive species. This may be a new paradigm to explain the greater advantage of invasive vs. native species in highly stressful habitats.}, }
@article {pmid31346422, year = {2019}, author = {Langdon, B and Pauchard, A and Bustamante, RO}, title = {Acacia dealbata invasion in Chile: Surprises from climatic niche and species distribution models.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {13}, pages = {7562-7573}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5295}, pmid = {31346422}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Aim: Tree invasions are a threat to biodiversity conservation, and although it is hard to predict the future spread of invasive tree species, there are tools available which could allow some estimations. The magnitude of spatial spread (a proxy of invasiveness) can be predicted from species climatic requirement (climatic niche) and can be represented by species distribution models (SDMs). We aimed to assess whether Acacia dealbata conserves its niche in the new environment of south-central Chile, and also, to estimate the invasive stage of the species.<br><br>Location: South-central area of Chile, between the O'Higgins (34°0″0'S) and Aysen Regions (47°0″0'S).<br><br>Methods: We used a combination of global, native, and regional data to improve the estimation of the potential distribution of A. dealbata, which has been considered one of the most invasive species of the genus, being registered in at least 34 countries in all the Continents.<br><br>Results: Our results show that A. dealbata does not conserve its niche in the study area, invading areas with climatic conditions different from those of the native range. It is also not at equilibrium with the environment. According to the global versus regional SDM comparisons, populations present in south-central Chile present different invasion stages. There are some stable populations, but there are other populations colonizing new areas, occupying unsuitable habitats and some of them are adapting to new climatic conditions. Climatic factors, such as precipitation seasonality, could be acting behind the expansion to new environments, and biotic factors or dispersal limitations could be preventing the species to colonize suitable areas.<br><br>Main conclusions: The invasion process of A. dealbata is far from stabilizing, and management options should focus on prevention, avoiding, for example, the introduction of the species to Patagonia where the species has not spread yet. More research is needed to complement our results and enhance the development of effective management strategies.}, }
@article {pmid31346410, year = {2019}, author = {Gonçalves, RM and Mastrangelo, T and Rodrigues, JCV and Paulo, DF and Omoto, C and Corrêa, AS and de Azeredo-Espin, AML}, title = {Invasion origin, rapid population expansion, and the lack of genetic structure of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) in the Americas.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {13}, pages = {7378-7401}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5123}, pmid = {31346410}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {In 2013, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was officially declared as present in Brazil and, after two years, the species was detected in the Caribbean and North America. Information on genetic features and accurate distribution of pests is the basis for agricultural protection policies. Furthermore, such knowledge is imperative to develop control strategies, understand the geographical range, and genetic patterns of this species in the Americas. Here, we carried out the widest sampling of H. armigera in the South American continent and Puerto Rico, after we estimated the diversity, demographic parameters, and genetic structure. The Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) nuclear marker was used to investigate the presence of putative hybrids between H. armigera and H. zea, and they were observed at a frequency of 1.5%. An ABC analysis, based in COI gene fragment, suggested Europe as the origin of South America specimens of H. armigeraand following a movement northward through the Caribbean. Three mtDNA genes and three nDNA markers revealed high genetic diversity distributed without the defined population structure of H. armigera in South America. Most of the genetic variation is within populations with a multidirectional expansion of H. armigera among morphoclimatic regions. High genetic diversity, rapid population expansion, and hybridization have implications for pest management since they suggest that adaptive alleles are spread through wide areas in South America that favor rapid local adaptation of H. armigera to new and disturbed environments (e.g., in agricultural areas).}, }
@article {pmid31344901, year = {2019}, author = {Marcantonio, M and Winokur, OC and Barker, CM}, title = {Revisiting Alkali Metals As a Tool to Characterize Patterns of Mosquito Dispersal and Oviposition.}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {10}, number = {8}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects10080220}, pmid = {31344901}, issn = {2075-4450}, support = {1U01CK000516//Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ ; }, abstract = {Mark-recapture methods constitute a set of classical ecological tools that are used to collect information on species dispersal and population size. These methods have advanced knowledge in disparate scientific fields, from conservation biology to pest control. Gathering information on the dispersal of mosquito species, such as Aedes aegypti, has become critical since the recognition of their role as vectors of pathogens. Here, we evaluate a method to mark mosquitoes that exploits the rare alkali metals rubidium (Rb) and caesium (Cs), which have been used previously to mark adult insects through feeding. We revised this method by adding Rb and Cs directly to water in which the immature stages of Ae. aegypti were allowed to develop. We then assessed the effect of Rb- and Cs-enriched water on fitness, survival and bioaccumulation in both adult females and their eggs. Results indicated that Cs had adverse effects on Ae. aegypti, even at low concentrations, whereas Rb at low concentrations had no measured effects on exposed individuals and accumulated at detectable levels in adult females. The method described here relies on passive uptake of Rb during immature stages, which has the benefit of avoiding handling or manipulation of the dispersive adults, which enables purer measurement of movement. Moreover, we demonstrated that Rb was transferred efficiently from the marked females to their eggs. To our knowledge, Rb is the only marker used for mosquitoes that has been shown to transfer vertically from females to eggs. The application of Rb rather than more traditional markers may therefore increase the quality (no impact on released individuals) and quantity (both adults and eggs are marked) of data collected during MR studies. The method we propose here can be used in combination with other markers, such as stable isotopes, in order to maximize the information collected during MR experiments.}, }
@article {pmid31344489, year = {2019}, author = {Dobigny, G and Gauthier, P and Houéménou, G and Dossou, HJ and Badou, S and Etougbétché, J and Tatard, C and Truc, P}, title = {Spatio-temporal survey of small mammal-borne Trypanosoma lewisi in Cotonou, Benin, and the potential risk of human infection.}, journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {103967}, doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103967}, pmid = {31344489}, issn = {1567-7257}, abstract = {Human trypanosomoses are the sleeping sickness in Africa and Chagas disease in Latin America. However, atypical human infections by animal trypanosomes have been described, but poorly investigated. Among them, the supposed rat-specific T. lewisi was shown to be responsible for a few severe cases. In Africa, the scarcity of data and the null awareness about the atypical human trypanosomoses suggest that the number of cases may be higher that currently thought. Furthermore, T. lewisi is resistant to normal human serum and therefore a potential human pathogen. In order to document T. lewisi distribution and ecology, a qPCR- and 16DNA sequencing-based survey was conducted in 369 rodents from three urban districts of Cotonou city, Benin, during three different periods of the same year. Our study demonstrated very high prevalence (57.2%) even when considering only individuals identified as positive through DNA sequencing (39.2%). Black rats represented the most dominant as well as the most T. lewisi-parasitized species. No difference was retrieved neither between seasons nor districts, suggesting a large infestation of rodents by trypanosomes throughout the year and the city. Our results suggest that conditions are gathered for rat to human transmission of T. lewisi in these socio-environmentally degraded urban areas, thus pointing towards the rapidly urbanizing Abidjan-Lagos corridor as a region at particular risk.}, }
@article {pmid31344095, year = {2019}, author = {DeGolia, AH and Hiroyasu, EHT and Anderson, SE}, title = {Economic losses or environmental gains? Framing effects on public support for environmental management.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {7}, pages = {e0220320}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0220320}, pmid = {31344095}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Environmental managers face major challenges related to project implementation and communicating the significance of those projects to the public. Effective communication can mitigate public opposition or increase support for specific projects and increase public and political support for environmental management more generally. In this study, we evaluate which types of benefits or losses environmental managers should communicate and how to frame those attributes to achieve greater public support. To do so, we field a survey experiment that presents the benefits of an invasive species management project, utilizing a two (economic, ecological) by two (gain, loss) factorial design as well as a control message. Ecological messages lead to significantly more support for invasive species management than economic messages, and loss frames are more effective than gain frames. We also find that treatment responses differ across several covariates including political ideology and environmentalism. These results indicate that the public is more concerned with managing invasive species for intrinsic environmental worth than economic benefit and that preventing further environmental degradation is more motivating than promoting additional environmental gains.}, }
@article {pmid31341747, year = {2019}, author = {García-Fernández, A and Manzano, P and Seoane, J and Azcárate, FM and Iriondo, JM and Peco, B}, title = {Herbivore corridors sustain genetic footprint in plant populations: a case for Spanish drove roads.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {e7311}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.7311}, pmid = {31341747}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {Habitat fragmentation is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem productivity mediated by direct human impact. Its consequences include genetic depauperation, comprising phenomena such as inbreeding depression or reduction in genetic diversity. While the capacity of wild and domestic herbivores to sustain long-distance seed dispersal has been proven, the impact of herbivore corridors in plant population genetics remains to be observed. We conducted this study in the Conquense Drove Road in Spain, where sustained use by livestock over centuries has involved transhumant herds passing twice a year en route to winter and summer pastures. We compared genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients of Plantago lagopus populations along the drove road with populations in the surrounding agricultural matrix, at varying distances from human settlements. We observed significant differences in coefficients of inbreeding between the drove road and the agricultural matrix, as well as significant trends indicative of higher genetic diversity and population nestedness around human settlements. Trends for higher genetic diversity along drove roads may be present, although they were only marginally significant due to the available sample size. Our results illustrate a functional landscape with human settlements as dispersal hotspots, while the findings along the drove road confirm its role as a pollinator reservoir observed in other studies. Drove roads may possibly also function as linear structures that facilitate long-distance dispersal across the agricultural matrix, while local P. lagopus populations depend rather on short-distance seed dispersal. These results highlight the role of herbivore corridors for conserving the migration capacity of plants, and contribute towards understanding the role of seed dispersal and the spread of invasive species related to human activities.}, }
@article {pmid31341496, year = {2019}, author = {Kong, JY and Yeon, SC and Lee, HJ and Kang, C and Park, JK and Jeong, KS and Hong, IH}, title = {Protective Effects of Nutria Bile against Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Injury in Mice.}, journal = {Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM}, volume = {2019}, number = {}, pages = {6059317}, doi = {10.1155/2019/6059317}, pmid = {31341496}, issn = {1741-427X}, abstract = {Several eradication programs have been developed and executed to curb alien invasive species that tend to damage the ecological environments they colonize; however, only few studies have evaluated the utilization of carcasses of these species after eradication. Nutria (Myocastor coypus) is an invasive rodent species targeted by eradication programs in many countries. We noted that nutria produce large amounts of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in their bile. UDCA is a unique component responsible for the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects exerted by bear bile. Therefore, we sought to examine the medicinal utility of nutria carcasses by investigating the hepatoprotective effect of their bile in mice. C57BL/6 mice were injected with thioacetamide (TAA), which induced liver damage by increasing Kupffer cell infiltration. Administration of nutria bile reduced hepatic inflammation, improved hepatic function, and increased the levels of senescence marker protein 30 (an indicator of hepatocyte viability). Our results show that nutria bile exerts protective effects against TAA-induced liver injury in mice, suggesting that nutria carcasses may be used for the treatment of liver injuries.}, }
@article {pmid31338113, year = {2019}, author = {Jourdan, J and Piro, K and Weigand, A and Plath, M}, title = {Small-scale phenotypic differentiation along complex stream gradients in a non-native amphipod.}, journal = {Frontiers in zoology}, volume = {16}, number = {}, pages = {29}, doi = {10.1186/s12983-019-0327-8}, pmid = {31338113}, issn = {1742-9994}, abstract = {Background: Selective landscapes in rivers are made up by an array of selective forces that vary from source to downstream regions or between seasons, and local/temporal variation in fitness maxima can result in gradual spatio-temporal variation of phenotypic traits. This study aimed at establishing freshwater amphipods as future model organisms to study adaptive phenotypic diversification (evolutionary divergence and/or adaptive plasticity) along stream gradients.<br><br>Methods: We collected Gammarus roeselii from 16 sampling sites in the Rhine catchment during two consecutive seasons (summer and winter). Altogether, we dissected n = 1648 individuals and quantified key parameters related to morphological and life-history diversification, including naturally selected (e.g., gill surface areas) as well as primarily sexually selected traits (e.g., male antennae). Acknowledging the complexity of selective regimes in streams and the interrelated nature of selection factors, we assessed several abiotic (e.g., temperature, flow velocity) and biotic ecological parameters (e.g., conspecific densities, sex ratios) and condensed them into four principal components (PCs).<br><br>Results: Generalized least squares models revealed pronounced phenotypic differentiation in most of the traits investigated herein, and components of the stream gradient (PCs) explained parts of the observed differences. Depending on the trait under investigation, phenotypic differentiation could be ascribed to variation in abiotic conditions, anthropogenic disturbance (influx of thermally polluted water), or population parameters. For example, female fecundity showed altitudinal variation and decreased with increasing conspecific densities, while sexual dimorphism in the length of male antennae-used for mate finding and assessment-increased with increasing population densities and towards female-biased sex ratios.<br><br>Conclusions: We provide a comprehensive protocol for comparative analyses of intraspecific variation in life history traits in amphipods. Whether the observed phenotypic differentiation over small geographical distances reflects evolutionary divergence or plasticity (or both) remains to be investigated in future studies. Independent of the mechanisms involved, variation in several traits is likely to have consequences for ecosystem functions. For example, leaf-shredding in G. roeselii strongly depends on body size, which varied in dependence of several ecological parameters.}, }
@article {pmid31337838, year = {2019}, author = {Idrissou, FO and Huang, Q and Yañez, O and Neumann, P}, title = {International beeswax trade facilitates small hive beetle invasions.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {10665}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-47107-6}, pmid = {31337838}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {1.16.05//Bundesamt f&amp;#x00FC;r Lebensmittelsicherheit und Veterin&amp;#x00E4;rwesen (Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office)/ ; }, abstract = {International trade can facilitate biological invasions, but the possible role of beeswax trade for small hive beetles (SHBs), Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is poorly understood. SHBs are parasites of social bee colonies native to sub-Saharan Africa and have become an invasive species. Since 1996, SHBs have established in all continents except Antarctica. Here, we combine mitochondrial DNA analyses (COI gene, N = 296 SHBs, 98 locations) with previously published beeswax trade data (FAO) for 12 confirmed SHB invasions. Our genetic data confirm previous findings and suggest novel SHB African origins. In nine out of 12 invasion cases, the genetic and beeswax trade data match. When excluding one confirmed pathway (bee imports) and two cases, for which no FAO data were available, the genetics and beeswax trade data consistently predict the same source. This strongly suggests that beeswax imports from Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania and the USA, respectively, have mainly been responsible for the past invasion success of this beetle species. Adequate mitigation measures should be applied to limit this key role of beeswax imports for the further spread of SHBs. Combining genetics with trade data appears to be a powerful tool to better understand and eventually mitigate biological invasions.}, }
@article {pmid31334498, year = {2019}, author = {Tarter, KD and Levy, CE and Yaglom, HD and Adams, LE and Plante, L and Casal, MG and Gouge, DH and Rathman, R and Stokka, D and Weiss, J and Venkat, H and Walker, KR}, title = {USING CITIZEN SCIENCE TO ENHANCE SURVEILLANCE OF AEDES AEGYPTI IN ARIZONA, 2015-17.}, journal = {Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association}, volume = {35}, number = {1}, pages = {11-18}, doi = {10.2987/18-6789.1}, pmid = {31334498}, issn = {1943-6270}, abstract = {Vector surveillance is an essential component of vector-borne disease prevention, but many communities lack resources to support extensive surveillance. The Great Arizona Mosquito Hunt (GAMH) was a collaborative citizen science project conducted during 2015-17 to enhance surveillance for Aedes aegypti in Arizona. Citizen science projects engage the public in scientific research in order to further scientific knowledge while improving community understanding of a specific field of science and the scientific process. Participating schools and youth organizations across the state conducted oviposition trapping for 1-4 wk during peak Ae. aegypti season in Arizona and returned the egg sheets to collaborating entomologists for identification. During the 3-year program, 120 different schools and youth organizations participated. Few participants actually collected Aedes eggs in their traps in 2015 or 2017, but about one-third of participants collected eggs during 2016, including 3 areas that were not previously reported to have Ae. aegypti. While relatively few new areas of Ae. aegypti activity were identified, GAMH was found to be a successful method of engaging citizen scientists. Future citizen science mosquito surveillance projects might be useful to further define the ecology and risk for vector-borne diseases in Arizona.}, }
@article {pmid31333698, year = {2019}, author = {Thiébaut, G and Tarayre, M and Rodríguez-Pérez, H}, title = {Allelopathic Effects of Native Versus Invasive Plants on One Major Invader.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {854}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00854}, pmid = {31333698}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Allelopathy is defined as the effects (stimulatory and inhibitory) of a plant on the development of neighboring plants through the release of secondary compounds. Autoallelophaty is the beneficial or harmful effect of a plant species on itself. The allelopathic potential belonging to a native species could induce a biotic resistance against invasive plants, whereas allelochemicals released by exotic species could favor the establishment of invasive species (invasional meltdown). The aim of our study was to examine the potential allelopathic effect of four plant species on the target species Ludwigia hexapetala using two experiments. In the first experiment, we tested the allelopathic effect of root and leaf leachates of the two congeneric exotic species Ludwigia hexapetala and Ludwigia peploides on L. hexapetala, while in the second experiment, we studied the allelopathic effect of root and leaf leachates of a sympatric exotic species Myriophyllum aquaticum and of one native species Mentha aquatica on L. hexapetala. We measured the stem length to calculate the relative growth rate and four physiological traits (nitrogen balance index and flavonol, chorophyll, anthocyanin indices) of the target plants on a weekly basis. At the end of the experiment, we determined the aboveground and belowground biomass. We also counted the number of lateral branches and measured their lengths. We found that the root leachates of L. peploides and of Myriophyllum aquaticum had stimulated the synthesis of flavonols of L. hexapetala. Leaf leachate of L. hexapetala also stimulated its own flavonol synthesis. Also, the root leachate of L. peploides had stimulated the total biomass and length of lateral branches of L. hexapetala, whereas the production of lateral branches had been stimulated by root leachates of both Ludwigia species and by leaf leachate of Myriophyllum aquaticum. The autoallelopathy of L. hexapetala could explain its invasiveness. Both leachates produced by Mentha aquatica had no effect on the physiological and morphological traits of the invasive L. hexapetala and indicated no biotic resistance in the recipient community. The two invasive plant species Myriophyllum aquaticum and L. peploides could favor the establishment of L. hexapetala. These results suggested an &quot;invasional meltdown.&quot;}, }
@article {pmid31333475, year = {2019}, author = {Bertoldi, V and Rondoni, G and Brodeur, J and Conti, E}, title = {An Egg Parasitoid Efficiently Exploits Cues From a Coevolved Host But Not Those From a Novel Host.}, journal = {Frontiers in physiology}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {746}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2019.00746}, pmid = {31333475}, issn = {1664-042X}, abstract = {Egg parasitoids have evolved adaptations to exploit host-associated cues, especially oviposition-induced plant volatiles and odors of gravid females, when foraging for hosts. The entire host selection process is critical for successful parasitism and relevant in defining host specificity of parasitoids. We hypothesized that naïve egg parasitoid females reared on their coevolved host are able to exploit cues related to the coevolved host but not those from a novel host. We used the egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus, its coevolved host Halyomorpha halys, and the non-coevolved host Podisus maculiventris to evaluate this hypothesis. H. halys, a polyphagous pest native from Eastern Asia, has invaded North America and Europe, resulting in serious damage to crops. T. japonicus is the most effective egg parasitoid of H. halys in its native area and thus considered a major candidate for biological control. This parasitoid was detected in North America and Europe as a result of accidental introductions. Laboratory host range of T. japonicus includes P. maculiventris, an American predatory stink bug used as a biological control agent of several pests. Using T. japonicus reared on its natural host H. halys, we tested in a Y-tube olfactometer the responses of naïve parasitoid females to volatiles from tomato plants with a deposited egg mass and feeding punctures of either H. halys or P. maculiventris. Additionally, using two different olfactometer set-ups, we tested T. japonicus responses to volatiles emitted by eggs and mature males and females of H. halys or P. maculiventris. Tomato plants subjected to oviposition and feeding by H. halys were preferred by the wasp compared to clean plants, suggesting a possible activation of an indirect defense mechanism. Furthermore, T. japonicus females were attracted by cues from gravid females and mature males of H. halys but not from eggs. By contrast, naïve parasitoid females never responded to cues associated with P. maculiventris, although this non-target host is suitable for complete parasitoid development. Such lack of responses might reduce the probability of T. japonicus locating and parasitizing P. maculiventris under field conditions. Our experimental approach properly simulates the parasitoid host-location process and could be combined with the required host specificity tests for risk assessment in biological control programs.}, }
@article {pmid31332577, year = {2019}, author = {Rivera, B and Cook, K and Andrews, K and Atkinson, MS and Savage, AE}, title = {Pathogen Dynamics in an Invasive Frog Compared to Native Species.}, journal = {EcoHealth}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10393-019-01432-4}, pmid = {31332577}, issn = {1612-9210}, abstract = {Emerging infectious diseases threaten the survival of wildlife populations and species around the world. In particular, amphibians are experiencing population declines and species extinctions primarily in response to two pathogens, the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and the iridovirus Ranavirus (Rv). Here, we use field surveys and quantitative (q)PCR to compare infection intensity and prevalence of Bd and Rv across species and seasons on Jekyll Island, a barrier island off the coast of Georgia, USA. We collected oral and skin swabs for 1 year from four anuran species and three families, including two native hylids (Hyla cinerea and Hyla squirella), a native ranid (Rana sphenocephala), and the invasive rain frog Eleutherodactylus planirostris. Bd infection dynamics did not vary significantly over sampling months, but Rv prevalence and intensity were significantly higher in fall 2014 compared to spring 2015. Additionally, Rv prevalence and intensity were significantly higher in E. planirostris than in the other three species. Our study highlights the potential role of invasive amphibians as drivers of disease dynamics and demonstrates the importance of pathogen surveillance across multiple time periods and species to accurately capture the infectious disease landscape.}, }
@article {pmid28445000, year = {2017}, author = {González, E and Sher, AA and Anderson, RM and Bay, RF and Bean, DW and Bissonnete, GJ and Bourgeois, B and Cooper, DJ and Dohrenwend, K and Eichhorst, KD and El Waer, H and Kennard, DK and Harms-Weissinger, R and Henry, AL and Makarick, LJ and Ostoja, SM and Reynolds, LV and Robinson, WW and Shafroth, PB}, title = {Vegetation response to invasive Tamarix control in southwestern U.S. rivers: a collaborative study including 416 sites.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {27}, number = {6}, pages = {1789-1804}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1566}, pmid = {28445000}, issn = {1051-0761}, mesh = {Animals ; *Biota ; Coleoptera ; Fires ; Introduced Species ; Pest Control, Biological/methods ; *Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Rivers ; Southwestern United States ; *Tamaricaceae ; Trees ; Weed Control/*methods ; }, abstract = {Most studies assessing vegetation response following control of invasive Tamarix trees along southwestern U.S. rivers have been small in scale (e.g., river reach), or at a regional scale but with poor spatial-temporal replication, and most have not included testing the effects of a now widely used biological control. We monitored plant composition following Tamarix control along hydrologic, soil, and climatic gradients in 244 treated and 172 reference sites across six U.S. states. This represents the largest comprehensive assessment to date on the vegetation response to the four most common Tamarix control treatments. Biocontrol by a defoliating beetle (treatment 1) reduced the abundance of Tamarix less than active removal by mechanically using hand and chain-saws (2), heavy machinery (3) or burning (4). Tamarix abundance also decreased with lower temperatures, higher precipitation, and follow-up treatments for Tamarix resprouting. Native cover generally increased over time in active Tamarix removal sites, however, the increases observed were small and was not consistently increased by active revegetation. Overall, native cover was correlated to permanent stream flow, lower grazing pressure, lower soil salinity and temperatures, and higher precipitation. Species diversity also increased where Tamarix was removed. However, Tamarix treatments, especially those generating the highest disturbance (burning and heavy machinery), also often promoted secondary invasions of exotic forbs. The abundance of hydrophytic species was much lower in treated than in reference sites, suggesting that management of southwestern U.S. rivers has focused too much on weed control, overlooking restoration of fluvial processes that provide habitat for hydrophytic and floodplain vegetation. These results can help inform future management of Tamarix-infested rivers to restore hydrogeomorphic processes, increase native biodiversity and reduce abundance of noxious species.}, }
@article {pmid31330144, year = {2019}, author = {Makkonen, J and Kokko, H and Gökmen, G and Ward, J and Umek, J and Kortet, R and Petrusek, A and Jussila, J}, title = {The signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in Lake Tahoe (USA) hosts multiple Aphanomyces species.}, journal = {Journal of invertebrate pathology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {107218}, doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2019.107218}, pmid = {31330144}, issn = {1096-0805}, abstract = {The genus Aphanomyces (Oomycetes) comprises approximately 50 known species of water molds in three lineages. One of the most notorious is Aphanomyces astaci, the causative agent of crayfish plague. In this study, fresh isolates of Aphanomyces astaci were collected from 20 live specimens of the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) from Lake Tahoe, California, providing 35 axenic cultures of A. astaci as well as two apparently undescribed Aphanomyces spp. isolates. Based on the results of ITS-, chitinase-, mitochondrial rnnS- and rnnL-sequences and microsatellite markers combined, the Lake Tahoe A. astaci isolates were identical to isolates of A. astaci B-haplogroup commonly detected in Europe, and infection experiments confirmed their high virulence towards noble crayfish. One of the two undescribed Aphanomyces spp. isolates was highly similar to an Aphanomyces lineage detected previously in crustacean zooplankton (Daphnia) in Central Europe, while the other was distinct and most closely related (ITS sequence similarity of 93%) to either A. astaci or to Aphanomyces fennicus isolated recently from Astacus astacus in Finland. Neither of the two Aphanomyces spp. isolates caused crayfish mortality under experimental conditions. Our results indicate that the populations of North American signal crayfish can act as carriers of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Aphanomyces at the same time. Furthermore, considering that a limited number of crayfish individuals from a single location yielded multiple distinct Aphanomyces isolates, our results suggest that substantial species diversity within this genus remains undescribed.}, }
@article {pmid31329912, year = {2019}, author = {Kamiyama, MT and Guédot, C}, title = {Varietal and Developmental Susceptibility of Tart Cherry (Rosales: Rosaceae) to Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae).}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toz102}, pmid = {31329912}, issn = {1938-291X}, abstract = {Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an invasive species of vinegar fly that infests soft-skinned and stone fruits. Since its first detection in the United States, D. suzukii has become a prominent economic threat in fruit crop industries, particularly affecting caneberry and sweet cherry growers. This study examined the susceptibility of tart cherries (Prunus cerasus) to D. suzukii and sampled for larvae and adult D. suzukii during the tart cherry growing season. Four tart cherry cultivars (Montmorency, Balaton, Carmine Jewel, and Kántorjánosi) were tested at three different ripeness stages (unripe, ripening, and ripe), in no-choice laboratory bio-assays. Field monitoring and sampling revealed that first adult D. suzukii detection occurred on 16 June, and first field larval D. suzukii detection occurred on 28 July. Adult D. suzukii populations increased through late August, and high numbers of adults overlapped with the tart cherry harvest. Lab assays indicated that tart cherry cultivars generally became more susceptible to D. suzukii as they ripened. As the fruit developed, °Brix (sugar content) increased and firmness generally decreased. Tart cherry °Brix and firmness were not correlated with the number of D. suzukii eggs per gram of fruit, but showed a significant interaction effect with the number of larvae and adults per gram of fruit. This study shows that tart cherries are largely not susceptible to D. suzukii when unripe and become susceptible as soon as the fruits change color, suggesting that fruits should be protected as soon as they begin to ripen and D. suzukii populations begin to rise.}, }
@article {pmid31329897, year = {2019}, author = {Puterka, GJ and Hammon, RW and Franklin, M and Mornhinweg, DW and Springer, T and Armstrong, S and Brown, MJ}, title = {Distribution of a New Invasive Species, Sipha maydis (Heteroptera: Aphididae), on Cereals and Wild Grasses in the Southern Plains and Rocky Mountain States.}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toz068}, pmid = {31329897}, issn = {1938-291X}, abstract = {Sipha maydis Passerini (Heteroptera: Aphididae) is a cereal pest with an extensive geographical range that includes countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. Reports of S. maydis in the United States have been infrequent since it was first detected in California, 2007. Two studies, focused (NW CO) and multistate (OK, TX, NM, CO, UT, WY), were conducted to determine the distribution and host range of S. maydis in the Rocky Mountain and Southern Plains states over a 3-yr period, 2015-2017. In 2015, focused sampling in NW Colorado found S. maydis at 59% of the 37 sites, primarily on wheat. Sipha maydis did not survive extreme winter temperatures from late December 2015 to early January 2016 that ranged from -9.0 to -20.9°C over a 9-d period, which resulted in no aphids detected in 2016. In the multistate study, S. maydis occurred in 14.6% of 96 sites sampled in 2015, 8% of 123 sites in 2016, and 9% of 85 sites in 2017 at wide range of altitudes from 1,359 to 2,645 m. Sipha maydis occurred mainly in NW and SW Colorado and NE New Mexico along with a few sites in NE Colorado, SE Utah, and SE Wyoming. This aphid mainly infested wheat followed by a variety of eight wild grass species. No parasites, predators, sexual morphs, or significant plant damage occurred at the sites. Sipha maydis utilized 14 hosts in the United States including 8 new host records, which expands its host range to 52 plant species worldwide. Sipha maydis may be of concern to wheat, barley, and sorghum production in the United States if its populations continue to increase.}, }
@article {pmid28207174, year = {2017}, author = {Boiffin, J and Badeau, V and Bréda, N}, title = {Species distribution models may misdirect assisted migration: insights from the introduction of Douglas-fir to Europe.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {446-457}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1448}, pmid = {28207174}, issn = {1051-0761}, mesh = {*Ecosystem ; Europe ; Introduced Species ; Models, Biological ; North America ; *Plant Dispersal ; Pseudotsuga/*physiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; }, abstract = {Species distribution models (SDMs), which statistically relate species occurrence to climatic variables, are widely used to identify areas suitable for species growth under future climates and to plan for assisted migration. When SDMs are projected across times or spaces, it is assumed that species climatic requirements remain constant. However, empirical evidence supporting this assumption is rare, and SDM predictions could be biased. Historical human-aided movements of tree species can shed light on the reliability of SDM predictions in planning for assisted migration. We used Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), a North American conifer introduced into Europe during the mid-19th century, as a case-study to test niche conservatism. We combined transcontinental data sets of Douglas-fir occurrence and climatic predictors to compare the realized niches between native and introduced ranges. We calibrated a SDM in the native range and compared areas predicted to be climatically suitable with observed presences. The realized niches in the native and introduced ranges showed very limited overlap. The SDM calibrated in North America had very high predictive power in the native range, but failed to predict climatic suitability in Europe where Douglas-fir grows in climates that have no analogue in the native range. We review the ecological mechanisms and silvicultural practices that can trigger such shifts in realized niches. Retrospective analysis of tree species introduction revealed that the assumption of niche conservatism is erroneous. As a result, distributions predicted by SDM are importantly biased. There is a high risk that assisted migration programs may be misdirected and target inadequate species or introduction zones.}, }
@article {pmid31324974, year = {2019}, author = {Hohenadler, MAA and Nachev, M and Freese, M and Pohlmann, JD and Hanel, R and Sures, B}, title = {How Ponto-Caspian invaders affect local parasite communities of native fish.}, journal = {Parasitology research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00436-019-06399-3}, pmid = {31324974}, issn = {1432-1955}, abstract = {Invasive species are a major threat to ecosystems worldwide. Their effects are versatile and mostly well studied. However, not much is known about the impact of invasion on native parasite communities, although parasites are usually important response variables for ecosystem health. To improve the knowledge on how native fish parasite communities and their dynamics are affected by invasive species and how these processes change local host-parasite interactions over time, we studied different host-parasite systems in four German rivers. Three of these rivers (Rhine, Ems, and Elbe) are heavily invaded by different Ponto-Caspian species such as the amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus and various gobiids such as Neogobius melanostomus and Ponticola kessleri that serve as potential hosts for different local parasite species, while the fourth river (Schwentine) was free of any Ponto-Caspian invaders. Due to the lack of additional uninvaded river systems, literature data on parasite communities before invasion were compared with the post invasion status for the rivers Rhine and Elbe. The results showed differences among the parasite communities of different host species from the three invaded rivers when compared to the Schwentine River. Among the local internal parasite communities, especially the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis and the nematode Raphidascaris acus have to be considered as key species associated with invasions from the Ponto-Caspian region. As the examined invasive Ponto-Caspian fish species serves as suitable host for both parasite species, the increases in their infection rates in native fish species are examples of parasite spill back (R. acus) and spill over (P. laevis, at least in the river Rhine). These results were further supported by the analysis of literature data on parasite communities of the past 20 years. Consequences for local parasite communities range from decreased prevalence of native parasites towards an extinction of entire parasite species.}, }
@article {pmid31323713, year = {2019}, author = {Liu, G and Tang, H and Fan, J and Xie, Z and He, T and Shi, R and Liao, B}, title = {Removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol from water by Eupatorium adenophorum biochar-loaded nano-iron/nickel.}, journal = {Bioresource technology}, volume = {289}, number = {}, pages = {121734}, doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121734}, pmid = {31323713}, issn = {1873-2976}, abstract = {From the perspective of waste utilization, the invasive species, Eupatorium adenophorum was used to prepare biochar, which was then loaded with iron/nickel bimetals. Compared with pure biochar, the biochar-loaded nano-iron/nickel bimetals have a significant effect on the removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) from water, and their degradation rate can be increased by 39.7%-71.6% under different conditions. Several factors can influence the removal of 2,4,6-TCP, including the load ratio, pH of the solution, concentration of 2,4,6-TCP, and coexisting ions in water (HCO3-, SO42-, NO3-). Based on the density functional model (DET), Ni can activate H2 (produced in the reaction between nano-Fe and H2O) to convert to H*, which can then substitute Cl. The activation energy is 109.5 kJ/mol, indicating the reaction is easy to take place.}, }
@article {pmid31323117, year = {2019}, author = {Mcgeoch, MA and Latombe, G and Andrew, NR and Nakagawa, S and Nipperess, DA and Roigé, M and Marzinelli, EM and Campbell, AH and Vergés, A and Thomas, T and Steinberg, PD and Selwood, KE and Henriksen, MV and Hui, C}, title = {Measuring continuous compositional change using decline and decay in zeta diversity.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e02832}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2832}, pmid = {31323117}, issn = {1939-9170}, abstract = {Incidence, or compositional, matrices are generated for a broad range of research applications in biology. Zeta diversity provides a common currency and conceptual framework that links incidence-based metrics with multiple patterns of interest in biology, ecology and biodiversity science. It quantifies the variation in species (or OTU) composition of multiple assemblages (or cases) in space or time, to capture the contribution of the full suite of narrow, intermediate and wide-ranging species to biotic heterogeneity. Here we provide a conceptual framework for the application and interpretation of patterns of continuous change in compositional diversity using zeta diversity. This includes consideration of the survey design context, and the multiple ways in which zeta diversity decline and decay can be used to examine and test turnover in the identity of elements across space and time. We introduce the zeta ratio-based retention rate curve to quantify rates of compositional change. We illustrate these applications using 11 empirical datasets from a broad range of taxa, scales and levels of biological organisation - from DNA molecules and microbes to communities and interaction networks - including one of the original data sets used to express compositional change and distance decay in ecology. We show (i) how different sample selection schemes used during the calculation of compositional change are appropriate for different data types and questions, (ii) how higher orders of zeta may in some cases better detect shifts and transitions, and (iii) the relative roles of rare versus common species in driving patterns of compositional change. By exploring the application of zeta diversity decline and decay, including the retention rate, across this broad range of contexts, we demonstrate its application for understanding continuous turnover in biological systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31323076, year = {2019}, author = {Cheng, D and Chen, S and Huang, Y and Pierce, NE and Riegler, M and Yang, F and Zeng, L and Lu, Y and Liang, G and Xu, Y}, title = {Symbiotic microbiota may reflect host adaptation by resident to invasive ant species.}, journal = {PLoS pathogens}, volume = {15}, number = {7}, pages = {e1007942}, doi = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1007942}, pmid = {31323076}, issn = {1553-7374}, abstract = {Exotic invasive species can influence the behavior and ecology of native and resident species, but these changes are often overlooked. Here we hypothesize that the ghost ant, Tapinoma melanocephalum, living in areas that have been invaded by the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, displays behavioral differences to interspecific competition that are reflected in both its trophic position and symbiotic microbiota. We demonstrate that T. melanocephalum workers from S. invicta invaded areas are less aggressive towards workers of S. invicta than those inhabiting non-invaded areas. Nitrogen isotope analyses reveal that colonies of T. melanocephalum have protein-rich diets in S. invicta invaded areas compared with the carbohydrate-rich diets of colonies living in non-invaded areas. Analysis of microbiota isolated from gut tissue shows that T. melanocephalum workers from S. invicta invaded areas also have different bacterial communities, including a higher abundance of Wolbachia that may play a role in vitamin B provisioning. In contrast, the microbiota of workers of T. melanocephalum from S. invicta-free areas are dominated by bacteria from the orders Bacillales, Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriales that may be involved in sugar metabolism. We further demonstrate experimentally that the composition and structure of the bacterial symbiont communities as well as the prevalence of vitamin B in T. melanocephalum workers from S. invicta invaded and non-invaded areas can be altered if T. melanocephalum workers are supplied with either protein-rich or carbohydrate-rich food. Our results support the hypothesis that bacterial symbiont communities can help hosts by buffering behavioral changes caused by interspecies competition as a consequence of biological invasions.}, }
@article {pmid31321981, year = {2019}, author = {Escobar-Correas, S and Mendoza-Porras, O and Dellagnola, F and Colgrave, ML and Vega, IA}, title = {Integrative proteomic analysis of digestive tract glycosidases from the invasive golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata.}, journal = {Journal of proteome research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00282}, pmid = {31321981}, issn = {1535-3907}, abstract = {The freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata, an invasive species of global significance, possesses a well-developed digestive system and diverse feeding mechanisms enabling the intake of a wide variety of food. The identification of glycosidases in adult snails would increase the understanding of their digestive physiology and potentially generate new opportunities to eradicate and/or control this invasive species. In this study, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was applied to define the occurrence, diversity, and origin of glycoside hydrolases along the digestive tract of P. canaliculata. A range of cellulases, hemicellulases, amylases, maltases, fucosidases, and galactosidases were identified across the digestive tract. The digestive gland and the contents of the crop and style sac yield a higher diversity of glycosidase-derived peptides. Subsequently, peptides derived from 81 glycosidases (46 proteins from the public database and 35 uniquely from the transcriptome database) that were distributed amongst 13 glycoside hydrolase families were selected and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. This study showed a high glycosidase abundance and diversity in the gut contents of P. canaliculata which participate in extracellular digestion of complex dietary carbohydrates. Salivary and digestive glands were the main tissues involved in their synthesis and secretion.}, }
@article {pmid31320714, year = {2019}, author = {Abril, S and Gómez, C}, title = {Factors triggering queen executions in the Argentine ant.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {10427}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-46972-5}, pmid = {31320714}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Competition among queens in polygynous societies may result in queen executions or conflicts over personal reproduction. Understanding the factors that mediate the executions of ant queens should provide insight into how queen numbers are regulated in polygynous insect societies. The Argentine ant is a widespread invasive species that displays secondary polygyny, and workers execute 90% of their nestmate queens each spring. In this study, we investigated: (1) whether ambient temperature, queen number, and protein deprivation have an effect on queen executions and (2) whether workers select the queens slated for execution based on their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles. We found that the percentage of queens executed was positively correlated with temperature and queen number but that protein deprivation did not play a role. As for queen fate, the levels of some CHCs were higher in surviving queens. One of these CHCs is associated with queen productivity (i.e egg-laying rate and ovarian index) suggesting that workers execute the least productive queens. Our findings suggest that chemical cues related to fertility signaling may mediate queen executions in Argentine ants.}, }
@article {pmid30288545, year = {2019}, author = {Benucci, GMN and Bonito, V and Bonito, G}, title = {Fungal, Bacterial, and Archaeal Diversity in Soils Beneath Native and Introduced Plants in Fiji, South Pacific.}, journal = {Microbial ecology}, volume = {78}, number = {1}, pages = {136-146}, doi = {10.1007/s00248-018-1266-1}, pmid = {30288545}, issn = {1432-184X}, support = {project MICL02416//Michigan State University AgBioResearch NIFA/ ; DEB1737898//National Science Foundation/ ; }, mesh = {Archaea/classification/genetics/*isolation &amp; purification ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation &amp; purification ; *Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Fiji ; Fungi/classification/genetics/*isolation &amp; purification ; Introduced Species ; Phylogeny ; Plants/microbiology ; Soil/chemistry ; *Soil Microbiology ; }, abstract = {The Fiji Islands is an archipelago of more than 330 islands located in the tropics of the South Pacific Ocean. Microbial diversity and biogeography in this region is still not understood. Here, we present the first molecular characterization of fungal, bacterial, and archaeal communities in soils from different habitats within the largest Fijian island, Viti Levu. Soil samples were collected from under native vegetation in maritime-, forest-, stream-, grassland-, and casuarina-dominated habitats, as well as from under the introduced agricultural crops sugarcane, cassava, pine, and mahogany. Soil microbial diversity was analyzed through MiSeq amplicon sequencing of 16S (for prokaryotes), ITS, LSU ribosomal DNA (for fungi). Prokaryotic communities were dominated by Proteobacteria (~ 25%), Acidobacteria (~ 19%), and Actinobacteria (~ 17%), and there were no indicator species associated with particular habitats. ITS and LSU were congruent in β-diversity patterns of fungi, and fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota (~ 57-64%), followed by Basidiomycota (~ 20-23%) and Mucoromycota (~ 10%) according to ITS, or Chytridiomycota (~ 9%) according to LSU. Indicator species analysis of fungi found statistical associations of Cenococcum, Wilcoxina, and Rhizopogon to Pinus caribaea. We hypothesize these obligate biotrophic fungi were co-introduced with their host plant. Entoloma was statistically associated with grassland soils, and Fusarium and Lecythophora with soils under cassava. Observed richness varied from 65 (casuarina) to 404 OTUs (cassava) for fungi according to ITS region, and from 1268 (pine) to 2931 OTUs (cassava) for bacteria and archaea. A major finding of this research is that nearly 25% of the fungal OTUs are poorly classified, indicative of novel biodiversity in this region. This preliminary survey provides important baseline data on fungal, bacterial, and archaeal diversity and biogeography in the Fiji Islands.}, }
@article {pmid29269734, year = {2017}, author = {Tamate, S and Iwasaki, WM and Krysko, KL and Camposano, BJ and Mori, H and Funayama, R and Nakayama, K and Makino, T and Kawata, M}, title = {Inferring evolutionary responses of Anolis carolinensis introduced into the Ogasawara archipelago using whole genome sequence data.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {18008}, pmid = {29269734}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Islands ; Lizards/*genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; }, abstract = {Invaded species often can rapidly expand and establish in novel environments through adaptive evolution, resulting in devastating effects on native communities. However, it is unclear if genetic variation at whole-genomic levels is actually reduced in the introduced populations and which genetic changes have occurred responding to adaptation to new environments. In the 1960s, Anolis carolinensis was introduced onto one of the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, and subsequently expanded its range rapidly throughout two of the islands. Morphological comparison showed that lower hindlimb length in the introduced populations tended to be longer than those in its native Florida populations. Using re-sequenced whole genomic data, we estimated that the effective population size at the time of introduction was actually small (less than 50). We also inferred putative genomic regions subject to natural selection after this introduction event using SweeD and a method based on Tajima's D, π and F ST . Five candidate genes that were potentially subject to selection were estimated by both methods. The results suggest that there were standing variations that could potentially contribute to adaptation to nonnative environments despite the founder population being small.}, }
@article {pmid28401624, year = {2017}, author = {White, JD and Sarnelle, O and Hamilton, SK}, title = {Unexpected population response to increasing temperature in the context of a strong species interaction.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {27}, number = {5}, pages = {1657-1665}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1558}, pmid = {28401624}, issn = {1051-0761}, mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; Dreissena/*physiology ; Eutrophication ; *Hot Temperature ; Introduced Species ; *Lakes ; Michigan ; Microcystis/*physiology ; }, abstract = {Climate change is driving large changes in the spatial and temporal distributions of species, with significant consequences for individual populations. Community- and ecosystem-level implications of altered species distributions may be complex and challenging to anticipate due to the cascading effects of disrupted interactions among species, which may exhibit threshold responses to extreme climatic events. Toxic, bloom-forming cyanobacteria like Microcystis are expected to increase worldwide with climate change, due in part to their high temperature optima for growth. In addition, invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) have caused an increase in Microcystis aeruginosa, a species typically associated with eutrophication, in low-nutrient lakes. We conducted a 13-yr study of a M. aeruginosa population in a low-nutrient lake invaded by zebra mussels. In 10 of the 13 years, there was a significant positive relationship between M. aeruginosa biomass and accumulated degree days, which are projected to increase with climate change. In contrast, Microcystis biomass was up to an order of magnitude lower than predicted by the above relationship during the other three years, including the warmest in the data set, following repeated heat-induced mass mortality of D. polymorpha. Thus, the positive relationship between Microcystis biomass and temperature was negated when its facilitating species was suppressed during a series of exceptionally warm summers. Predicting the net response of a species to climate change may therefore require, at minimum, quantification of responses of both the focal species and species that strongly interact with it over sufficiently long time periods to encompass the full range of climatic variability. Our results could not have been predicted from existing data on the short-term responses of these two interacting species to increased temperature.}, }
@article {pmid28370632, year = {2017}, author = {Schuster, MJ and Dukes, JS}, title = {Rainfall variability counteracts N addition by promoting invasive Lonicera maackii and extending phenology in prairie.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {27}, number = {5}, pages = {1555-1563}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1547}, pmid = {28370632}, issn = {1051-0761}, mesh = {*Grassland ; Indiana ; Introduced Species ; Lonicera/*growth &amp; development/physiology ; Nitrogen/administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism ; Plant Dispersal ; Quercus/*growth &amp; development/physiology ; *Rain ; Seedlings/growth &amp; development/physiology ; Soil/chemistry ; }, abstract = {Although encroaching woody plants have reduced the global extent of grasslands, continuing increases in soil nitrogen availability could slow this trend by favoring resident herbaceous species. At the same time, projected increases in rainfall variability could promote woody encroachment by aligning spatiotemporal patterns of soil moisture availability with the needs of woody species. We evaluated the responses of two deciduous woody species to these simulated environmental changes by planting seedlings of Quercus palustris and Lonicera maackii into tallgrass prairie communities grown under a factorial combination of increased rainfall variability and nitrogen addition. Lonicera maackii growth was reduced 20% by nitrogen addition, and increased rainfall variability led to 33% larger seedlings, despite greater competition for light and soil resources. In contrast, Q. palustris growth showed little response to either treatment. Increased rainfall variability allowed both species to retain their leaves for an additional 6.5 d in autumn, potentially in response to wetter end-of-season shallow soils. Our findings suggest increases in rainfall variability will counteract the inhibitory effect of nitrogen deposition on growth of L. maackii, extend autumn phenology, and promote the encroachment of some woody species into grasslands.}, }
@article {pmid28317278, year = {2017}, author = {Ceradini, JP and Chalfoun, AD}, title = {Species' traits help predict small mammal responses to habitat homogenization by an invasive grass.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {27}, number = {5}, pages = {1451-1465}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1535}, pmid = {28317278}, issn = {1051-0761}, mesh = {Animals ; Bromus/*physiology ; *Grassland ; Introduced Species ; *Life History Traits ; Rodentia/*physiology ; Species Specificity ; Wyoming ; }, abstract = {Invasive plants can negatively affect native species, however, the strength, direction, and shape of responses may vary depending on the type of habitat alteration and the natural history of native species. To prioritize conservation of vulnerable species, it is therefore critical to effectively predict species' responses to invasive plants, which may be facilitated by a framework based on species' traits. We studied the population and community responses of small mammals and changes in habitat heterogeneity across a gradient of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) cover, a widespread invasive plant in North America. We live-trapped small mammals over two summers and assessed the effect of cheatgrass on native small mammal abundance, richness, and species-specific and trait-based occupancy, while accounting for detection probability and other key habitat elements. Abundance was only estimated for the most common species, deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). All species were pooled for the trait-based occupancy analysis to quantify the ability of small mammal traits (habitat association, mode of locomotion, and diet) to predict responses to cheatgrass invasion. Habitat heterogeneity decreased with cheatgrass cover. Deer mouse abundance increased marginally with cheatgrass. Species richness did not vary with cheatgrass, however, pocket mouse (Perognathus spp.) and harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys spp.) occupancy tended to decrease and increase, respectively, with cheatgrass cover, suggesting a shift in community composition. Cheatgrass had little effect on occupancy for deer mice, 13-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), and Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii). Species' responses to cheatgrass primarily corresponded with our a priori predictions based on species' traits. The probability of occupancy varied significantly with a species' habitat association but not with diet or mode of locomotion. When considered within the context of a rapid habitat change, such as caused by invasive plants, relevant species' traits may provide a useful framework for predicting species' responses to a variety of habitat disturbances. Understanding which species are likely to be most affected by exotic plant invasion will help facilitate more efficient, targeted management and conservation of native species and habitats.}, }
@article {pmid28140497, year = {2017}, author = {Thoresen, JJ and Towns, D and Leuzinger, S and Durrett, M and Mulder, CPH and Wardle, DA}, title = {Invasive rodents have multiple indirect effects on seabird island invertebrate food web structure.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {27}, number = {4}, pages = {1190-1198}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1513}, pmid = {28140497}, issn = {1051-0761}, mesh = {Animals ; Birds ; *Food Chain ; *Introduced Species ; *Invertebrates ; Islands ; Models, Biological ; New Zealand ; Predatory Behavior ; *Rats ; }, abstract = {Burrowing seabirds that nest on islands transfer nutrients from the sea, disturb the soil through burrowing, damage tree foliage when landing, and thereby modify the surface litter. However, seabirds are in decline worldwide, as are their community- and ecosystem-level impacts, primarily due to invasive predatory mammals. The direct and indirect effects of seabird decline on communities and ecosystems are inherently complex. Here we employed network analysis, as a means of simplifying ecological complexity, to better understand the effects seabird loss may have on island invertebrate communities. Using data on leaf litter communities, we constructed invertebrate food webs for each of 18 offshore oceanic islands in northeastern New Zealand, nine of which have high seabird densities and nine of were invaded by rats. Ten network topological metrics (including entropy, generality, and vulnerability) were compared between rat-invaded and uninvaded (seabird-dominant) islands. We found that, on rat-invaded islands, the invertebrate food webs were smaller and less complex than on their seabird-dominated counterparts, which may be due to the suppression of seabird-derived nutrients and consequent effects on trophic cascades. This decreased complexity of food webs due to the presence of rats is indicative of lower ecosystem resistance via lower trophic redundancy. Our results show that rat effects on island ecosystems are manifested throughout entire food webs, and demonstrate how network analysis may be useful to assess ecosystem recovery status as these invaded islands are restored.}, }
@article {pmid31318960, year = {2019}, author = {Hiller, T and Haelewaters, D}, title = {A case of silent invasion: Citizen science confirms the presence of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in Central America.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {7}, pages = {e0220082}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0220082}, pmid = {31318960}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) is a globally invasive ladybird. It has been intentionally introduced in many countries as a biological control agent, whereas it has been unintentionally released in many others. Climatic factors are important in limiting the spread of H. axyridis. For example, very few records are known from tropical or desert regions. Currently, no published reports are known from Central America. Here, we report H. axyridis from Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, and Puerto Rico. Specimens were either observed by the authors, discovered in dried insect collections, or retrieved from searching through online photographs available from the citizen science project iNaturalist and the photo-sharing website Flickr. These new records and the wide distribution of H. axyridis in Latin America suggest several invasion events, which have gone unnoticed until now. We stress the need for further, large-scale monitoring and show the advantage of citizen science to assess the presence of invasive alien species.}, }
@article {pmid31318017, year = {2019}, author = {Lu, X and He, M and Tang, S and Wu, Y and Shao, X and Wei, H and Siemann, E and Ding, J}, title = {Herbivory may promote a non-native plant invasion at low but not high latitudes.}, journal = {Annals of botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/aob/mcz121}, pmid = {31318017}, issn = {1095-8290}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The strengths of biotic interactions such as herbivory are expected to decrease with increasing latitude for native species. To what extent this applies to invasive species and what the consequences of this variation are for competition among native and invasive species remain unexplored. Here, herbivore impacts on the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its competition with the native congener A. sessilis were estimated across latitudes in China.<br><br>METHODS: An experiment in common gardens spanning ten latitudinal degrees was conducted to test how herbivore impacts on A. philoxeroides, A. sessilis and competition between them change with latitude. In addition, a field survey was conducted from 21 °N to 36.8 °N to test whether A. philoxeroides invasiveness changes with latitude in nature as a result of variations in herbivory.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: In the experiment, A. sessilis cover was significantly higher than A. philoxeroides cover when they competed in the absence of herbivores but otherwise their cover was comparable. But, A. philoxeroides cover was always higher on average than A. sessilis cover at middle latitude. At high latitude, only A. sessilis emerged in the second year. Herbivore abundance decreased with latitude and A. philoxeroides emerged earlier than A. sessilis at middle latitude. In the field survey, the ratio of A. philoxeroides to A. sessilis cover was hump-shaped with latitude.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These results indicate that herbivory may promote A. philoxeroides invasion only at low latitude by altering the outcome of competition in favour of the invader and points to the importance of other factors, such as earlier emergence, in A. philoxeroides invasion at higher latitudes. These results suggest that the key factors promoting plant invasions might change with latitude, highlighting the importance of teasing apart the roles of multiple factors in plant invasions within a bio-geographic framework.}, }
@article {pmid31316530, year = {2019}, author = {Wegner, B and Kronsbein, AL and Gillefalk, M and van de Weyer, K and Köhler, J and Funke, E and Monaghan, MT and Hilt, S}, title = {Mutual Facilitation Among Invading Nuttall's Waterweed and Quagga Mussels.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {789}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00789}, pmid = {31316530}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Nuttall's waterweed (Elodea nuttallii) is the most abundant invasive aquatic plant species in several European countries. Elodea populations often follow a boom-bust cycle, but the causes and consequences of this dynamics are yet unknown. We hypothesize that both boom and bust periods can be affected by dreissenid mussel invasions. While mutual facilitations between these invaders could explain their rapid parallel expansion, subsequent competition for space might occur. To test this hypothesis, we use data on temporal changes in the water quality and the abundance of E. nuttallii and the quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis in a temperate shallow lake. Lake Müggelsee (Germany) was turbid and devoid of submerged macrophytes for 20 years (1970-1989), but re-colonization with macrophytes started in 1990 upon reductions in nutrient loading. We mapped macrophyte abundance from 1999 and mussel abundance from 2011 onwards. E. nuttallii was first detected in 2011, spread rapidly, and was the most abundant macrophyte species by 2017. Native macrophyte species were not replaced, but spread more slowly, resulting in an overall increase in macrophyte coverage to 25% of the lake surface. The increased abundance of E. nuttallii was paralleled by increasing water clarity and decreasing total phosphorus concentrations in the water. These changes were attributed to a rapid invasion by quagga mussels in 2012. In 2017, they covered about one-third of the lake area, with mean abundances of 3,600 mussels m-2, filtering up to twice the lake's volume every day. The increasing light availability in deeper littoral areas supported the rapid spread of waterweed, while in turn waterweed provided surface for mussel colonization. Quantities of dreissenid mussels and E. nuttallii measured at 24 locations were significantly correlated in 2016, and yearly means of E. nuttallii quantities increased with increasing mean dreissenid mussel quantities between 2011 and 2018. In 2018, both E. nuttallii and dreissenid abundances declined. These data imply that invasive waterweed and quagga mussels initially facilitated their establishment, supporting the invasional meltdown hypothesis, while subsequently competition for space may have occurred. Such temporal changes in invasive species interaction might contribute to the boom-bust dynamics that have been observed in Elodea populations.}, }
@article {pmid29208989, year = {2017}, author = {Ozaslan, C and Farooq, S and Onen, H and Ozcan, S and Bukun, B and Gunal, H}, title = {Germination Biology of Two Invasive Physalis Species and Implications for Their Management in Arid and Semi-arid Regions.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {16960}, pmid = {29208989}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Dehydration ; Germination/*physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Introduced Species ; Photoperiod ; Physalis/*physiology ; Plant Dormancy ; Salt Stress ; Seedlings/growth &amp; development ; Soil/chemistry ; Temperature ; Turkey ; Weed Control ; }, abstract = {Two Solanaceae invasive plant species (Physalis angulata L. and P. philadelphica Lam. var. immaculata Waterfall) infest several arable crops and natural habitats in Southeastern Anatolia region, Turkey. However, almost no information is available regarding germination biology of both species. We performed several experiments to infer the effects of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of different populations of both species collected from various locations with different elevations and habitat characteristics. Seed dormancy level of all populations was decreased with increasing age of the seeds. Seed dormancy of freshly harvested and aged seeds of all populations was effectively released by running tap water. Germination was slightly affected by photoperiods, which suggests that seeds are slightly photoblastic. All seeds germinated under wide range of temperature (15-40 °C), pH (4-10), osmotic potential (0 to -1.2 MPa) and salinity (0-400 mM sodium chloride) levels. The germination ability of both plant species under wide range of environmental conditions suggests further invasion potential towards non-infested areas in the country. Increasing seed burial depth significantly reduced the seedling emergence, and seeds buried below 4 cm of soil surface were unable to emerge. In arable lands, soil inversion to maximum depth of emergence (i.e., 6 cm) followed by conservational tillage could be utilized as a viable management option.}, }
@article {pmid29070787, year = {2017}, author = {Marie, AD and Smith, S and Green, AJ and Rico, C and Lejeusne, C}, title = {Transcriptomic response to thermal and salinity stress in introduced and native sympatric Palaemon caridean shrimps.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {13980}, pmid = {29070787}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Animals ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/*methods ; *Introduced Species ; Palaemonidae/*genetics ; Salinity ; *Salt Stress ; *Temperature ; *Transcriptome ; }, abstract = {Organisms develop local adaptations to cope with spatially and temporally variable environments such as estuarine habitats, where abiotic parameters such as salinity and temperature fluctuate continuously. Studying the regulation of gene expression in a variable environment allows us to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of these adaptations and the relative roles of the genetic and plastic response. The transcriptomes of the European native Palaemon longirostris (PL) and the introduced P. macrodactylus (PM) shrimps are described and compared after an experiment simulating summer conditions in the Guadalquivir Estuary, Spain. Specimens, collected in the Guadalquivir Estuary, were maintained at a temperature and salinity of 20 °C and 5 ppt for the control, and 30 °C and 15 ppt for the stress treatment. A large amount of differential gene expression was observed: 16,013 and 2,594 for PL and PM respectively. Functionally annotated unigenes revealed some differences, with PL seemingly having to face stronger physiological stress than PM. Thus, PM seems to have greater resistance than PL under conditions of high temperature and salinity. These results constitute a step forward in the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of genetic adaptation of native invertebrates, and alien taxa that have successfully invaded estuaries in temperate regions around the world.}, }
@article {pmid28963523, year = {2017}, author = {Shinobe, S and Uchida, S and Mori, H and Okochi, I and Chiba, S}, title = {Declining soil Crustacea in a World Heritage Site caused by land nemertean.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {12400}, pmid = {28963523}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Crustacea ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species/*trends ; Islands ; Japan ; Predatory Behavior ; Soil ; }, abstract = {Invasive non-native species are of great concern throughout the world. Potential severity of the impacts of non-native species is assessed for effective conservation managements. However, such risk assessment is often difficult, and underestimating possible harm can cause substantial issues. Here, we document catastrophic decline of a soil ecosystem in the Ogasawara Islands, a UNESCO World Heritage site, due to predation by non-native land nemertine Geonemertes pelaensis of which harm has been previously unnoticed. This nemertine is widely distributed in tropical regions, and no study has shown that it feeds on arthropods. However, we experimentally confirmed that G. pelaensis predates various arthropod groups. Soil fauna of Ogasawara was originally dominated by isopods and amphipods, but our surveys in the southern parts of Hahajima Island showed that these became extremely scarce in the areas invaded by G. pelaensis. Carnivorous arthropods decreased by indirect effects of its predation. Radical decline of soil arthropods since the 1980s on Chichijima Island was also caused by G. pelaensis and was first recorded in 1981. Thus, the soil ecosystem was already seriously damaged in Ogasawara by the nemertine. The present findings raise an issue and limitation in recognizing threats of non-native species.}, }
@article {pmid28054408, year = {2017}, author = {Alexiades, AV and Flecker, AS and Kraft, CE}, title = {Nonnative fish stocking alters stream ecosystem nutrient dynamics.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {27}, number = {3}, pages = {956-965}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1498}, pmid = {28054408}, issn = {1051-0761}, mesh = {Animals ; Biomass ; *Fisheries ; Introduced Species ; New York ; Nitrogen/*analysis ; Nutrients/analysis ; Phosphorus/*analysis ; Rivers/*chemistry ; Trout/*physiology ; }, abstract = {Each year, millions of hatchery-raised fish are stocked into streams and rivers worldwide, yet the effects of hatchery-raised fish on stream nutrient cycles have seldom been examined. We quantified the influence of supplemental nonnative fish stocking, a widespread recreational fishery management practice, on in-stream nutrient storage and cycling. We predicted that supplemental, hatchery-raised brown trout (Salmo trutta) stocking would result in increased N and P supply relative to in-stream biotic demand for those nutrients and that stocked fishes would remineralize and store a significantly greater amount of N and P than the native fish community, due to higher areal biomass. To test these predictions, we measured the biomass, nutrient (NH4+ -N and soluble reactive phosphorus [SRP]) remineralization rates, and body carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of the native fish community and trout stocked into four study streams. We then estimated fish growth rates to determine species-specific nutrient sequestration rates in body tissues for both stocked and native fish and measured ammonium and phosphorus uptake rates to determine the relative influence of net fish nutrient remineralization on stream nutrient cycles. When brown trout were stocked in these systems at density levels that were orders of magnitude higher than ambient native fish density, they provided a sizeable source of NH4+ -N that could account for up to 85% of demand for that nutrient. Stocked trout had minimal effects on in-stream SRP cycles even at high release densities, likely due to low per capita SRP excretion rates. A unique feature of our study was that we evaluated the temporal component of the stocked trout nutrient subsidy by estimating the number of fish removed from the system through natural mortality and angler harvest, which indicated that the stocked trout subsidy lasted approximately 6-8 weeks after stocking. By combining population models with areal nutrient excretion rates and estimates of biotic nutrient uptake, we showed that trout stocking provided a strong pulsed nutrient subsidy.}, }
@article {pmid27935670, year = {2017}, author = {Douma, JC and van der Werf, W and Hemerik, L and Magnusson, C and Robinet, C}, title = {Development of a pathway model to assess the exposure of European pine trees to pine wood nematode via the trade of wood.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {27}, number = {3}, pages = {769-785}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1480}, pmid = {27935670}, issn = {1051-0761}, mesh = {Animals ; *Commerce ; Europe ; Introduced Species ; Models, Biological ; Pinus/*parasitology ; Plant Diseases/*parasitology ; Population Dynamics ; Tylenchida/*physiology ; Wood/economics/*parasitology ; }, abstract = {Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a threat for pine species (Pinus spp.) throughout the world. The nematode is native to North America, and invaded Japan, China, Korea, and Taiwan, and more recently Portugal and Spain. PWN enters new areas through trade in wood products. Once established, eradication is not practically feasible. Therefore, preventing entry of PWN into new areas is crucial. Entry risk analysis can assist in targeting management to reduce the probability of entry. Assessing the entry of PWN is challenging due to the complexity of the wood trade and the wood processing chain. In this paper, we develop a pathway model that describes the wood trade and wood processing chain to determine the structure of the entry process. We consider entry of PWN through imported coniferous wood from China, a possible origin of Portuguese populations, to Europe. We show that exposure increased over years due to an increase in imports of sawn wood. From 2000 to 2012, Europe received an estimated 84 PWN propagules from China, 88% of which arose from imported sawn wood and 12% from round wood. The region in Portugal where the PWN was first reported is among those with the highest PWN transfer per unit of imported wood due to a high host cover and vector activity. An estimated 62% of PWN is expected to enter in countries where PWN is not expected to cause the wilt of pine trees because of low summer temperatures (e.g., Belgium, Sweden, Norway). In these countries, PWN is not easily detected, and such countries can thus serve as potential reservoirs of PWN. The model identifies ports and regions with high exposure, which helps targeting monitoring and surveillance, even in areas where wilt disease is not expected to occur. In addition, we show that exposure is most efficiently reduced by additional treatments in the country of origin, and/or import wood from PWN-free zones. Pathway modelling assists plant health managers in analyzing risks along the pathway and planning measures for enhancing biosecurity.}, }
@article {pmid27935663, year = {2017}, author = {Mitchell, RM and Bakker, JD and Vincent, JB and Davies, GM}, title = {Relative importance of abiotic, biotic, and disturbance drivers of plant community structure in the sagebrush steppe.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {27}, number = {3}, pages = {756-768}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1479}, pmid = {27935663}, issn = {1051-0761}, mesh = {Artemisia ; *Biodiversity ; *Grassland ; Introduced Species ; *Plants ; Poaceae ; Washington ; }, abstract = {Abiotic conditions, biotic factors, and disturbances can act as filters that control community structure and composition. Understanding the relative importance of these drivers would allow us to understand and predict the causes and consequences of changes in community structure. We used long-term data (1989-2002) from the sagebrush steppe in the state of Washington, USA, to ask three questions: (1) What are the key drivers of community-level metrics of community structure? (2) Do community-level metrics and functional groups differ in magnitude or direction of response to drivers of community structure? (3) What is the relative importance of drivers of community structure? The vegetation in 2002 was expressed as seven response variables: three community-level metrics (species richness, total cover, compositional change from 1989 to 2002) and the relative abundances of four functional groups. We used a multi-model inference framework to identify a set of top models for each response metric beginning from a global model that included two abiotic drivers, six disturbances, a biotic driver (initial plant community), and interactions between the disturbance and biotic drivers. We also used a permutational relative variable importance metric to rank the influence of drivers. Moisture availability was the most important driver of species richness and of native forb cover. Fire was the most important driver of shrub cover and training area usage was important for compositional change, but disturbances, including grazing, were of secondary importance for most other variables. Biotic drivers, as represented by the initial plant communities, were the most important driver for total cover and for the relative covers of exotics and native grasses. Our results indicate that the relative importance of drivers is dependent on the choice of metric, and that drivers such as disturbance and initial plant community can interact.}, }
@article {pmid31314052, year = {2019}, author = {Liu, H and Wu, X and Feng, Y and Rui, L}, title = {Autophagy contributes to the feeding, reproduction, and mobility of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus at low temperatures.}, journal = {Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/abbs/gmz068}, pmid = {31314052}, issn = {1745-7270}, abstract = {The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the pathogen causing pine wilt disease (PWD), which is a devastating forest disease. At present, little is known about the defense mechanisms of the PWN, which limits PWD control. Although autophagy plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of eukaryotes, its significance in the PWN remains unknown. In this study, we prepared an anti-BxATG8 polyclonal antibody and identified two PWN autophagy marker proteins: BxATG8-I and BxATG8-II. By western blot analysis, we found that the ratio of BxATG8-II to BxATG8-I, which represents autophagic activity, was decreased significantly when samples were treated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. As such, we were able to successfully detect and quantify autophagic activity in the PWN. Thereafter, we investigated the effects of low and high temperatures on PWN growth and reproduction. The results revealed that feeding rate, reproduction rate, and mobility decreased at 15°C and increased at 35°C. By contrast, autophagic activity was high at 15°C and low at 35°C, suggesting that the PWN regulates autophagic activity in response to changes in temperature to maintain physiological homeostasis. When autophagy was inhibited at 15°C, feeding rate, reproductive rate, and mobility declined further, indicating that autophagy is crucial for PWN growth and reproduction at low temperature. These results indicate that autophagy in the PWN is an important response mechanism to temperature changes.}, }
@article {pmid31313825, year = {2019}, author = {Sherpa, S and Blum, MGB and Després, L}, title = {Cold adaptation in the Asian tiger mosquito's native range precedes its invasion success in temperate regions.}, journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/evo.13801}, pmid = {31313825}, issn = {1558-5646}, abstract = {Adaptation to environmental conditions within the native range of exotic species can condition the invasion success of these species outside their range. The striking success of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, to invade temperate regions has been attributed to the winter survival of diapause eggs in cold environments. In this study, we evaluate genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) and wing morphometric variation among three biogeographical regions of the native range of A. albopictus. Reconstructed demographic histories of populations show an initial expansion in Southeast Asia and suggest that marine regression during late Pleistocene and climate warming after the last glacial period favored expansion of populations in southern and northern regions respectively. Searching for genomic signatures of selection, we identified significantly differentiated SNPs among which several are located in or within 20kb distance from candidate genes for cold adaptation. These genes involve cellular and metabolic processes and several of them have been shown to be differentially expressed under diapausing conditions. The three biogeographical regions also differ for wing size and shape, and wing size increases with latitude supporting Bergmann's rule. Adaptive genetic and morphometric variation observed along the climatic gradient of A. albopictus native range suggests that colonization of northern latitudes promoted adaptation to cold environments prior to its worldwide invasion. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31313450, year = {2019}, author = {Dalal, A and Cuthbert, RN and Dick, JTA and Gupta, S}, title = {Prey preferences of notonectids towards larval mosquitoes across prey ontogeny and search area.}, journal = {Pest management science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ps.5556}, pmid = {31313450}, issn = {1526-4998}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Predatory biological control agents can be effective natural means of managing pests, vectors and invasive species. However, the strength of predator-prey interactions can be regulated through context-dependencies that often remain unquantified. In particular, refuge effects can influence the efficacy of biological agents towards target species, and such effects are often driven by prey size and search area differences. In the present study, we thus quantify prey preferences of two predaceous notonectids, Anisops breddini and Anisops sardeus, towards four different aquatic larval instar stages of the medically-important mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus across variations in surface area and water depth.<br><br>RESULTS: Consumption rates differed significantly among the four larval sizes but not between the notonectids. Search area variations also elicited differences in consumption rates. Both predators tended to prefer second instar mosquito prey among surface area and water depth variations, whilst generally avoiding the largest (fourth instar) and smallest (first instar) prey instar stages. For both predators, differential selectivity traits were emergent across search area variations and water depth, with refuge effects for small prey generally greatest under intermediate-high depths with high surface areas. We thus demonstrate that predatory impacts of notonectids towards mosquito larvae differ significantly according to prey size, and likely peak at intermediate size classes.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Different mosquito size classes often coexist and compete, this selectivity has important implications for adult mosquito proliferations. Further, in ephemeral aquatic habitats where search areas and water depths are highly variable spatiotemporally, the efficacy of notonectids in controlling mosquito prey may differ substantially. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31311998, year = {2019}, author = {Ke, F and You, S and Huang, S and Chen, W and Liu, T and He, W and Xie, D and Li, Q and Lin, X and Vasseur, L and Gurr, GM and You, M}, title = {Herbivore range expansion triggers adaptation in a subsequently-associated third trophic level species and shared microbial symbionts.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {10314}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-46742-3}, pmid = {31311998}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {31320103922//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 31230061//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; }, abstract = {Invasive species may change the life history strategies, distribution, genetic configuration and trophic interactions of native species. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., is an invasive herbivore attacking cultivated and wild brassica plants worldwide. Here we present phylogeographic analyses of P. xylostella and one of its major parasitoids, Cotesia vestalis, using mitochondrial markers, revealing the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of these two species. We find evidence that C. vestalis originated in Southwest China, then adapted to P. xylostella as a new host by ecological sorting as P. xylostella expanded its geographic range into this region. Associated with the expansion of P. xylostella, Wolbachia symbionts were introduced into local populations of the parasitoid through horizontal transfer from its newly associated host. Insights into the evolutionary history and phylogeographic system of the herbivore and its parasitoid provide an important basis for better understanding the impacts of biological invasion on genetic configuration of local species.}, }
@article {pmid30575278, year = {2019}, author = {Cohen, O and Bar Kutiel, P and Gamliel, A and Katan, J and Kurzbaum, E and Weber, G and Schubert, I and Riov, J}, title = {Rain-based soil solarization for reducing the persistent seed banks of invasive plants in natural ecosystems - Acacia saligna as a model.}, journal = {Pest management science}, volume = {75}, number = {7}, pages = {1933-1941}, doi = {10.1002/ps.5306}, pmid = {30575278}, issn = {1526-4998}, support = {312526//Israeli Ministry of Science, Technology and Space (Israel)/ ; }, mesh = {Acacia/*physiology ; Australia ; Germination/physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Introduced Species ; Plant Dormancy/physiology ; Plant Weeds/growth &amp; development ; *Rain ; Seeds/*physiology ; Soil ; Weed Control/*methods ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: A large persistent seed bank of invasive plants is a significant obstacle to restoration programs. Soil solarization was demonstrated to be an effective method for reducing the seed bank of Australian acacias. However, use of this method in natural habitats might be limited due to the requirement to moisten the soil by irrigation. This study examined the possibility of replacing irrigation by trapping the soil moisture caused by the most recent rainfall, i.e. rain-based soil solarization (RBS).<br><br>RESULTS: Exposure of Acacia saligna seeds to 57 °C at 20% soil moisture for 68 h resulted in almost complete loss of seed viability. Similarly, RBS treatment significantly reduced the viability of A. saligna seeds buried at a soil depth of 1-19 cm as well as seed density in the natural seed bank, and almost completely eliminated seedling emergence from natural seed banks of A. saligna and other environmental weeds.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that RBS is an effective method for reducing the seed bank of invasive plants in natural habitats located in various climate regions characterized by different soil types. This is the first demonstration of a successful application of RBS for soil disinfestation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.}, }
@article {pmid31308996, year = {2019}, author = {Pinochet, J and Rivera, R and Neill, PE and Brante, A and Hernández, CE}, title = {Spread of the non-native anemone Anemonia alicemartinae Häussermann &amp; Försterra, 2001 along the Humboldt-current large marine ecosystem: an ecological niche model approach.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {e7156}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.7156}, pmid = {31308996}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {The geographical expansion of invasive species depends mainly on its dispersal potential, and the abiotic and biotic factors affecting it. Knowing the invasive dynamic of non-native species, as well as its behavior at different natural or anthropogenic scenarios, is fundamental for planning conservation management policies and control plans. The invasive sea anemone Anemonia alicemartinae in habits from the north (18°S) to the south-central (36°S) coast of Chile and its distribution range has expanded by approximately 1,928 km in the last 50 years. Previous works have proposed that human-mediated southward transport associated with regional-scale maritime activities could explain its rapid spread. To evaluate this hypothesis, we used ecological niche models (ENM) to evaluate the potential colonization of the southernmost area of South America. Additionally, we conducted a post hoc analysis to evaluate the relationship between the prediction of the ENM and human activity measured as the number of landings of ships in ports. The models were built based on presence records of A. alicemartinae, and oceanographic variables. Results showed that sea surface salinity and annual sea surface temperature (variance) are the best predictor variables to explain the distribution of A. alicemartinae. There was a positive and significant relationship between the geographical distribution of the sea anemone predicted by the ENM and the number of landings, as a proxy of anthropogenic activity. The most susceptible areas to invasion were those that showed the highest variability in both oceanographic predictors. These areas included the Biobío region, Chiloé´s inland sea, Aysén, and Chacabuco regions, which together comprise two biogeographical provinces. These results sustain the proposed hypothesis and, overall, the results suggest that along with the characteristics of the life history of A. alicemartinae, oceanographic conditions and maritime transport as vector contribute to the southern range expansion of this invasive cryptogenic species in the Humboldt-current large marine ecosystem.}, }
@article {pmid31308227, year = {2019}, author = {Godfree, RC and Knerr, N and Godfree, D and Busby, J and Robertson, B and Encinas-Viso, F}, title = {Historical reconstruction unveils the risk of mass mortality and ecosystem collapse during pancontinental megadrought.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1902046116}, pmid = {31308227}, issn = {1091-6490}, abstract = {An important new hypothesis in landscape ecology is that extreme, decade-scale megadroughts can be potent drivers of rapid, macroscale ecosystem degradation and collapse. If true, an increase in such events under climate change could have devastating consequences for global biodiversity. However, because few megadroughts have occurred in the modern ecological era, the taxonomic breadth, trophic depth, and geographic pattern of these impacts remain unknown. Here we use ecohistorical techniques to quantify the impact of a record, pancontinental megadrought period (1891 to 1903 CE) on the Australian biota. We show that during this event mortality and severe stress was recorded in >45 bird, mammal, fish, reptile, and plant families in arid, semiarid, dry temperate, and Mediterranean ecosystems over at least 2.8 million km2 (36%) of the Australian continent. Trophic analysis reveals a bottom-up pattern of mortality concentrated in primary producer, herbivore, and omnivore guilds. Spatial and temporal reconstruction of premortality rainfall shows that mass mortality and synchronous ecosystem-wide collapse emerged in multiple geographic hotspots after 2 to 4 y of severe (>40%) and intensifying rainfall deficits. However, the presence of hyperabundant herbivores significantly increased the sensitivity of ecosystems to overgrazing-induced meltdown and permanent ecosystem change. The unprecedented taxonomic breadth and spatial scale of these impacts demonstrate that continental-scale megadroughts pose a major future threat to global biodiversity, especially in ecosystems affected by intensive agricultural use, trophic simplification, and invasive species.}, }
@article {pmid28947832, year = {2017}, author = {Hradsky, BA and Robley, A and Alexander, R and Ritchie, EG and York, A and Di Stefano, J}, title = {Human-modified habitats facilitate forest-dwelling populations of an invasive predator, Vulpes vulpes.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {12291}, pmid = {28947832}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Animals ; Australia ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Female ; *Forests ; Foxes ; Geographic Information Systems ; Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data/*trends ; Male ; Population Dynamics/statistics &amp; numerical data/trends ; *Predatory Behavior ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; }, abstract = {Invasive and over-abundant predators pose a major threat to biodiversity and often benefit from human activities. Effective management requires understanding predator use of human-modified habitats (including resource subsidies and disturbed environments), and individual variation within populations. We investigated selection for human-modified habitats by invasive red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, within two predominantly forested Australian landscapes. We predicted that foxes would select for human-modified habitats in their range locations and fine-scale movements, but that selection would vary between individuals. We GPS-tracked 19 foxes for 17-166 days; ranges covered 33 to >2500 ha. Approximately half the foxes selected for human-modified habitats at the range scale, with some 'commuting' more than five kilometres to farmland or townships at night. Two foxes used burnt forest intensively after a prescribed fire. In their fine-scale nocturnal movements, most foxes selected for human-modified habitats such as reservoirs, forest edges and roads, but there was considerable individual variation. Native fauna in fragmented and disturbed habitats are likely to be exposed to high rates of fox predation, and anthropogenic food resources may subsidise fox populations within the forest interior. Coordinating fox control across land-tenures, targeting specific landscape features, and limiting fox access to anthropogenic resources will be important for biodiversity conservation.}, }
@article {pmid28935956, year = {2017}, author = {Rizzo, L and Pusceddu, A and Stabili, L and Alifano, P and Fraschetti, S}, title = {Potential effects of an invasive seaweed (Caulerpa cylindracea, Sonder) on sedimentary organic matter and microbial metabolic activities.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {12113}, pmid = {28935956}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {*Biodiversity ; Caulerpa/genetics/*physiology ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Geologic Sediments/*analysis ; *Introduced Species ; *Microbiota ; Seaweed/genetics/*physiology ; }, abstract = {Caulerpa cylindracea (Sonder), among the most successful marine bio-invaders on a global scale, poses severe threats to biodiversity. However, the effects of this seaweed on the quantity and the biochemical composition of sedimentary organic matter are still poorly known. Since the whole set of sedimentary features affects the availability of substrates for benthic microbial communities, we: i) investigated the biochemical composition of sediments colonized and not-colonized by C. cylindracea, and ii) compared the metabolic patterns of the microbial communities associated with C. cylindracea and in the sediments colonized and not-colonized by the seaweed. Our results show that C. cylindracea can influence the quantity and biochemical composition of sedimentary organic matter (OM), and that microbial populations associated with colonized sediments do have specific metabolic patterns and degradation capacities. Caulerpa cylindracea can also influence the metabolic patterns of the microbial community specifically adapted to degrade compounds released by the seaweed itself, with possible consequences on C cycling.}, }
@article {pmid31303348, year = {2019}, author = {Rossberg, AG and Barabás, G and Possingham, HP and Pascual, M and Marquet, PA and Hui, C and Evans, MR and Meszéna, G}, title = {Let's Train More Theoretical Ecologists - Here Is Why.}, journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2019.06.004}, pmid = {31303348}, issn = {1872-8383}, abstract = {A tangled web of vicious circles, driven by cultural issues, has prevented ecology from growing strong theoretical roots. Now this hinders development of effective conservation policies. To overcome these barriers in view of urgent societal needs, we propose a global network of postgraduate theoretical training programs.}, }
@article {pmid29255306, year = {2017}, author = {Zhang, L and Yu, L and Lou, A}, title = {No evolutionary change in the mating system of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) during its invasion in China.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {17698}, pmid = {29255306}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Biological Evolution ; China ; Crosses, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genotype ; Introduced Species/trends ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Population Density ; Reproduction/genetics/physiology ; Solanum/*genetics/*physiology ; }, abstract = {The mating system of flowering plants plays a key role during the process of invasion. Evolution from outcrossing to selfing can allow rapid regeneration of a population after long-distance dispersal by providing reproductive assurance. Solanum rostratum is a self-compatible annual herb that exhibits a high level of outcrossing in its native populations. However, the mating system of invasive populations of S. rostratum has never been assessed. Here, we investigated the mating system based on 11 microsatellite loci and explored ecological factors that may influence the outcrossing rate among 10 invasive populations of S. rostratum in China. We found that the mean outcrossing rate was 0.69 ± 0.12 (range 0.49 to 0.83) with multiple paternity within progeny arrays (average effective number of sires = 7.86), which suggests a mixed mating system dominated by outcrossing. Combined with the uniformly high outcrossing rate (0.70 ± 0.03) previously reported in its native range, these results indicate that there has been no evolutionary shift in mating system during the invasion in China by S. rostratum. There were no relationships between outcrossing and population size, population density, altitude, latitude or longitude. Furthermore, high outcrossing of S. rostratum in China may be facilitated by enantiostyly and heteranthery.}, }
@article {pmid28916828, year = {2017}, author = {Rossiter-Rachor, NA and Setterfield, SA and Hutley, LB and McMaster, D and Schmidt, S and Douglas, MM}, title = {Invasive Andropogon gayanus (Gamba grass) alters litter decomposition and nitrogen fluxes in an Australian tropical savanna.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {11705}, pmid = {28916828}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Andropogon/*metabolism ; Animals ; Australia ; Ecosystem ; Fires ; Grassland ; *Introduced Species ; Isoptera ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Poaceae/*metabolism ; }, abstract = {The African grass Andropogon gayanus Kunth. is invading Australian savannas, altering their ecological and biogeochemical function. To assess impacts on nitrogen (N) cycling, we quantified litter decomposition and N dynamics of grass litter in native grass and A. gayanus invaded savanna using destructive in situ grass litter harvests and litterbag incubations (soil surface and aerial position). Only 30% of the A. gayanus in situ litter decomposed, compared to 61% of the native grass litter, due to the former being largely comprised of highly resistant A. gayanus stem. In contrast to the stem, A. gayanus leaf decomposition was approximately 3- and 2-times higher than the dominant native grass, Alloteropsis semilata at the surface and aerial position, respectively. Lower initial lignin concentrations, and higher consumption by termites, accounted for the greater surface decomposition rate of A. gayanus. N flux estimates suggest the N release of A. gayanus litter is insufficient to compensate for increased N uptake and N loss via fire in invaded plots. Annually burnt invaded savanna may lose up to 8.2% of the upper soil N pool over a decade. Without additional inputs via biological N fixation, A. gayanus invasion is likely to diminish the N capital of Australia's frequently burnt savannas.}, }
@article {pmid31301595, year = {2019}, author = {Boegehold, AG and Johnson, NS and Kashian, DR}, title = {Dreissenid (quagga and zebra mussel) veligers are adversely affected by bloom forming cyanobacteria.}, journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety}, volume = {182}, number = {}, pages = {109426}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109426}, pmid = {31301595}, issn = {1090-2414}, abstract = {Quagga (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) and zebra (D. polymorpha) mussels are broadcast spawners that produce planktonic, free swimming veligers, a life history strategy dissimilar to native North American freshwater bivalves. Dreissenid veligers require highly nutritious food to grow and survive, and thus may be susceptible to increased mortality rates during harsh environmental conditions like cyanobacteria blooms. However, the impact of cyanobacteria and one of the toxins they can produce (microcystin) has not been evaluated in dreissenid veligers. Therefore, we exposed dreissenid veligers to eleven distinct cultures (isolates) of cyanobacteria representing Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Microcystis, and Planktothrix species and the cyanotoxin microcystin to determine the lethality of cyanobacteria on dreissenid veligers. Six-day laboratory bioassays were performed in microplates using dreissenid veligers collected from the Detroit River, Michigan, USA. Veligers were exposed to increasing concentrations of cyanobacteria and microcystin using the green algae Chlorella minutissima as a control. Based on dose response curves formulated from a Probit model, the LC50 values for cyanobacteria used in this study range between 15.06 and 135.06 μg/L chlorophyll-a, with the LC50 for microcystin-LR at 13.03 μg/L. Because LC50 values were within ranges observed in natural waterbodies, it is possible that dreissenid recruitment may be suppressed when veliger abundances overlap with seasonal cyanobacteria blooms. Thus, the toxicity of cyanobacteria to dreissenid veligers may be useful to include in models forecasting dreissenid mussel abundance and spread.}, }
@article {pmid31300700, year = {2019}, author = {Mazzei, M and Cilia, G and Forzan, M and Lavazza, A and Mutinelli, F and Felicioli, A}, title = {Detection of replicative Kashmir Bee Virus and Black Queen Cell Virus in Asian hornet Vespa velutina (Lepelieter 1836) in Italy.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {10091}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-46565-2}, pmid = {31300700}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Information concerning the pathogenic role of honey bee viruses in invasive species are still scarce. The aim of this investigation was to assess the presence of several honey bee viruses, such as Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV), Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV), Slow Paralysis Virus (SPV), Sac Brood Virus (SBV), Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV), Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV), Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (CBPV), in Vespa velutina specimens collected in Italy during 2017. Results of this investigation indicate that among pathogens, replicative form of KBV and BQCV were detected, assessing the spillover effect of both these viruses from managed honey bees to hornets.}, }
@article {pmid31300666, year = {2019}, author = {Görres, CM and Chesmore, D}, title = {Active sound production of scarab beetle larvae opens up new possibilities for species-specific pest monitoring in soils.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {10115}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-46121-y}, pmid = {31300666}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Root-feeding Scarabaeidae larvae can pose a serious threat to agricultural and forest ecosystems, but many details of larval ecology are still unknown. We developed an acoustic data analysis method based on active sound production by larvae (i.e. stridulations) for gaining new insights into larval ecology. In a laboratory study, third instar larvae of the Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) (n = 38) and the Forest Cockchafer (M. hippocastani) (n = 15) kept in soil-filled containers were acoustically monitored for 5 min each, resulting in the first known stridulation recordings for each species. Subsequent continuous monitoring of three M. hippocastani larvae over several hours showed that a single larva could stridulate more than 70 times per hour, and stridulation rates increased drastically with increasing larval abundance. The new fractal dimension-based data analysis method automatically detected audio sections with stridulations and provided a semi-quantitative estimate of stridulation activity. It is the first data analysis method specifically targeting Scarabaeidae larvae stridulations in soils, enabling for the first time non-invasive species-specific pest monitoring.}, }
@article {pmid31300020, year = {2019}, author = {Cheng, H and Liu, J and Wen, J and Nie, X and Xu, L and Chen, N and Li, Z and Wang, Q and Zheng, Z and Li, M and Cui, L and Liu, Z and Bian, J and Wang, Z and Xu, S and Yang, Q and Appels, R and Han, D and Song, W and Sun, Q and Jiang, Y}, title = {Frequent intra- and inter-species introgression shapes the landscape of genetic variation in bread wheat.}, journal = {Genome biology}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {136}, doi = {10.1186/s13059-019-1744-x}, pmid = {31300020}, issn = {1474-760X}, support = {2016YFD0100302 and 2016YFD0101004//State's Key Project of Research and Development Program of China/ ; 31771778 and 31561143005//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31822052//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Bread wheat is one of the most important and broadly studied crops. However, due to the complexity of its genome and incomplete genome collection of wild populations, the bread wheat genome landscape and domestication history remain elusive.<br><br>RESULTS: By investigating the whole-genome resequencing data of 93 accessions from worldwide populations of bread wheat and its diploid and tetraploid progenitors, together with 90 published exome-capture data, we find that the B subgenome has more variations than A and D subgenomes, including SNPs and deletions. Population genetics analyses support a monophyletic origin of domesticated wheat from wild emmer in northern Levant, with substantial introgressed genomic fragments from southern Levant. Southern Levant contributes more than 676 Mb in AB subgenomes and enriched in the pericentromeric regions. The AB subgenome introgression happens at the early stage of wheat speciation and partially contributes to their greater genetic diversity. Furthermore, we detect massive alien introgressions that originated from distant species through natural and artificial hybridizations, resulting in the reintroduction of ~ 709 Mb and ~ 1577 Mb sequences into bread wheat landraces and varieties, respectively. A large fraction of these intra- and inter-introgression fragments are associated with quantitative trait loci of important traits, and selection events are also identified.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We reveal the significance of multiple introgressions from distant wild populations and alien species in shaping the genetic components of bread wheat, and provide important resources and new perspectives for future wheat breeding.}, }
@article {pmid31299064, year = {2019}, author = {Anglès d'Auriac, MB and Strand, DA and Mjelde, M and Demars, BOL and Thaulow, J}, title = {Detection of an invasive aquatic plant in natural water bodies using environmental DNA.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {7}, pages = {e0219700}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0219700}, pmid = {31299064}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {The ability to detect founding populations of invasive species or rare species with low number of individuals is important for aquatic ecosystem management. Traditional approaches use historical data, knowledge of the species' ecology and time-consuming surveys. Within the past decade, environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a powerful additional tracking tool. While much work has been done with animals, comparatively very little has been done with aquatic plants. Here we investigated the transportation and seasonal changes in eDNA concentrations for an invasive aquatic species, Elodea canadensis, in Norway. A specific probe assay was developed using chloroplast DNA to study the fate of the targeted eDNA through space and time. The spatial study used a known source of Elodea canadensis within Lake Nordbytjern 400 m away from the lake outlet flowing into the stream Tveia. The rate of disappearance of E. canadensis eDNA was an order of magnitude loss over about 230 m in the lake and 1550 m in the stream. The time series study was performed monthly from May to October in lake Steinsfjorden harbouring E. canadensis, showing that eDNA concentrations varied by up to three orders of magnitude, peaking during fall. In both studies, the presence of suspended clay or turbidity for some samples did not hamper eDNA analysis. This study shows how efficient eDNA tools may be for tracking aquatic plants in the environment and provides key spatial and temporal information on the fate of eDNA.}, }
@article {pmid31297612, year = {2019}, author = {Kiehnau, EL and Weider, LJ}, title = {Phototactic behavior of native Daphnia in the presence of chemical cues from a non-native predator Bythotrephes.}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00442-019-04461-6}, pmid = {31297612}, issn = {1432-1939}, support = {Adams Scholarship Fund//Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma (US)/ ; }, abstract = {Chemical cues are used by many taxa to communicate within and among species. Behavioral defenses induced by predator cues are a mechanism by which prey species resist or avoid predator attack. This study examined the egg bank of native Daphnia species in a lake that has been invaded by Bythotrephes longimanus, an invertebrate zooplanktivore native to northern-central Europe and Asia (initial invasion 1994, population boom in 2009). Daphnia resting eggs from both pre- and post-B. longimanus invasion lake sediments were hatched and established as isofemale clonal lines. Phototactic behavior (a proxy for vertical migration behavior) was assessed in the presence and absence of B. longimanus cue. This was done to evaluate the hypothesis that the heavy predation imposed by B. longimanus would have been selected for Daphnia clones that are more negatively phototactic in the presence of B. longimanus cue, because B. longimanus is a visual predator. The behavior of the clones derived from pre-B. longimanus era resting eggs was not significantly different from the behavior of the clones from the post-B. longimanus era and exposure to predator cue did not affect the phototactic response of the clones. There was a significant difference in the phototactic behavior of the three Daphnia species tested (Daphnia ambigua, Daphnia mendotae, and Daphnia pulicaria). These results suggest that predation by B. longimanus is not the main factor that is influencing the phototactic behavior of Daphnia in the lake. Other factors such as fish predation may be playing a more significant role in this system.}, }
@article {pmid31294092, year = {2019}, author = {Salinas, ZA and Babini, MS and Grenat, PR and Biolé, FG and Martino, AL and Salas, NE}, title = {Effect of parasitism of Lernaea cyprinacea on tadpoles of the invasive species Lithobates catesbeianus.}, journal = {Heliyon}, volume = {5}, number = {6}, pages = {e01834}, doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01834}, pmid = {31294092}, issn = {2405-8440}, abstract = {The introduction of invasive species is one of the greatest threats currently faced by natural ecosystems, causing ecological imbalances between native populations and transmission of a variety of diseases. We reported the interaction between two exotic species given by the parasitic infestation of the copepod Lernaea cyprinacea in the early stages of the development of the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus in the central area of Argentina. In this paper we analysed the leukocyte profile of parasitized and non-parasitized tadpoles of L. catesbeianus with L. cyprinacea and their body condition (BC) as biomarkers of the health status of organisms. A total of 27 tadpoles of L. catesbeianus were analysed (12 non-parasitized and 15 parasitized). The lower BC recorded in parasitized organisms show a lower health status in these tadpoles, which could be affecting the metamorphosis and therefore impact at the population level. Leukocyte response of L. catesbeianus tadpoles to the parasitism of L. cyprinacea was found. Mature and immature lymphocyte frequencies and hematocrit were higher in parasitized compared to non-parasitized tadpoles, which is a typical response to the presence of parasites. However, eosinophils and monocytes were recorded at high frequencies in not parasitized tadpoles, which could be due to the important role played by these leucocytes in the metamorphosis of frogs. The results of this study constitute a first antecedent on leukocyte profile in aquatic stages of anurans during an ectoparasitosis and its possible implications for environmental health. The parasitism of L. cyprinacea influences the biology of the American bullfrog at both the individual and population levels. Parasitized individuals are not killed directly by the parasite, but they can create conditions for secondary infections, growth retardation, behavioral changes and, ultimately, reduce populations.}, }
@article {pmid31293628, year = {2019}, author = {Gu, X and Zhao, Y and Su, Y and Wu, J and Wang, Z and Hu, J and Liu, L and Zhao, Z and Hoffmann, AA and Chen, B and Li, Z}, title = {A transcriptional and functional analysis of heat hardening in two invasive fruit fly species, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera correcta.}, journal = {Evolutionary applications}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {1147-1163}, doi = {10.1111/eva.12793}, pmid = {31293628}, issn = {1752-4571}, abstract = {Many insects have the capacity to increase their resistance to high temperatures by undergoing heat hardening at nonlethal temperatures. Although this response is well established, its molecular underpinnings have only been investigated in a few species where it seems to relate at least partly to the expression of heat shock protein (Hsp) genes. Here, we studied the mechanism of hardening and associated transcription responses in larvae of two invasive fruit fly species in China, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera correcta. Both species showed hardening which increased resistance to 45°C, although the more widespread B. dorsalis hardened better at higher temperatures compared to B. correcta which hardened better at lower temperatures. Transcriptional analyses highlighted expression changes in a number of genes representing different biochemical pathways, but these changes and pathways were inconsistent between the two species. Overall B. dorsalis showed expression changes in more genes than B. correcta. Hsp genes tended to be upregulated at a hardening temperature of 38°C in both species, while at 35°C many Hsp genes tended to be upregulated in B. correcta but not B. dorsalis. One candidate gene (the small heat shock protein gene, Hsp23) with a particularly high level of upregulation was investigated functionally using RNA interference (RNAi). We found that RNAi may be more efficient in B. dorsalis, in which suppression of the expression of this gene removed the hardening response, whereas in B. correcta RNAi did not decrease the hardening response. The different patterns of gene expression in these two species at the two hardening temperatures highlight the diverse mechanisms underlying hardening even in closely related species. These results may provide target genes for future control efforts against such pest species.}, }
@article {pmid29062114, year = {2017}, author = {Guzzetti, L and Galimberti, A and Bruni, I and Magoni, C and Ferri, M and Tassoni, A and Sangiovanni, E and Dell'Agli, M and Labra, M}, title = {Bioprospecting on invasive plant species to prevent seed dispersal.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {13799}, pmid = {29062114}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Animals ; Bioprospecting/*methods ; Birds ; *Ecosystem ; Fruit/*physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Plants ; *Seed Dispersal ; }, abstract = {ABSRACT: The most anthropized regions of the world are characterized by an impressive abundance of invasive plants, which alter local biodiversity and ecosystem services. An alternative strategy to manage these species could be based on the exploitation of their fruits in a framework of bioprospecting to obtain high-added value compounds or phytocomplexes that are useful for humans. Here we tested this hypothesis on three invasive plants (Lonicera japonica Thunb., Phytolacca americana L., and Prunus serotina Ehrh.) in the Po plain (northern Italy) which bear fruits that are highly consumed by frugivorous birds and therefore dispersed over large distances. Our biochemical analyses revealed that unripe fruit shows high antioxidant properties due to the presence of several classes of polyphenols, which have a high benchmark value on the market. Fruit collection for phytochemical extraction could really prevent seed dispersal mediated by frugivorous animals and produce economic gains to support local management actions.}, }
@article {pmid31288708, year = {2019}, author = {Jan, PL and Lehnen, L and Besnard, AL and Kerth, G and Biedermann, M and Schorcht, W and Petit, EJ and Le Gouar, P and Puechmaille, SJ}, title = {Range expansion is associated with increased survival and fecundity in a long-lived bat species.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1906}, pages = {20190384}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.0384}, pmid = {31288708}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {The speed and dynamics of range expansions shape species distributions and community composition. Despite the critical impact of population growth rates for range expansion, they are neglected in existing empirical studies, which focus on the investigation of selected life-history traits. Here, we present an approach based on non-invasive genetic capture-mark-recapture data for the estimation of adult survival, fecundity and juvenile survival, which determine population growth. We demonstrate the reliability of our method with simulated data, and use it to investigate life-history changes associated with range expansion in 35 colonies of the bat species Rhinolophus hipposideros. Comparing the demographic parameters inferred for 19 of those colonies which belong to an expanding population with those inferred for the remaining 16 colonies from a non-expanding population reveals that range expansion is associated with higher net reproduction. Juvenile survival was the main driver of the observed reproduction increase in this long-lived bat species with low per capita annual reproductive output. The higher average growth rate in the expanding population was not associated with a trade-off between increased reproduction and survival, suggesting that the observed increase in reproduction stems from a higher resource acquisition in the expanding population. Environmental conditions in the novel habitat hence seem to have an important influence on range expansion dynamics, and warrant further investigation for the management of range expansion in both native and invasive species.}, }
@article {pmid31288467, year = {2019}, author = {Pascoe, EL and Marcantonio, M and Caminade, C and Foley, JE}, title = {Modeling Potential Habitat for Amblyomma Tick Species in California.}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {10}, number = {7}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects10070201}, pmid = {31288467}, issn = {2075-4450}, support = {1U01CK000516//Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ ; }, abstract = {The Amblyomma genus of ticks comprises species that are aggressive human biters and vectors of pathogens. Numerous species in the genus are undergoing rapid range expansion. Amblyomma ticks have occasionally been introduced into California, but as yet, no established populations have been reported in the state. Because California has high ecological diversity and is a transport hub for potentially parasitized humans and animals, the risk of future Amblyomma establishment may be high. We used ecological niche modeling to predict areas in California suitable for four tick species that pose high risk to humans: Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Amblyomma cajennense and Amblyomma mixtum. We collected presence data in the Americas for each species from the published literature and online databases. Twenty-three climatic and ecological variables were used in a MaxEnt algorithm to predict the distribution of each species. The minimum temperature of the coldest month was an important predictor for all four species due to high mortality of Amblyomma at low temperatures. Areas in California appear to be ecologically suitable for A. americanum, A. maculatum, and A. cajennense, but not A. mixtum. These findings could inform targeted surveillance prior to an invasion event, to allow mitigation actions to be quickly implemented.}, }
@article {pmid31287815, year = {2019}, author = {Wepprich, T and Adrion, JR and Ries, L and Wiedmann, J and Haddad, NM}, title = {Butterfly abundance declines over 20 years of systematic monitoring in Ohio, USA.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {7}, pages = {e0216270}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0216270}, pmid = {31287815}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Severe insect declines make headlines, but they are rarely based on systematic monitoring outside of Europe. We estimate the rate of change in total butterfly abundance and the population trends for 81 species using 21 years of systematic monitoring in Ohio, USA. Total abundance is declining at 2% per year, resulting in a cumulative 33% reduction in butterfly abundance. Three times as many species have negative population trends compared to positive trends. The rate of total decline and the proportion of species in decline mirror those documented in three comparable long-term European monitoring programs. Multiple environmental changes such as climate change, habitat degradation, and agricultural practices may contribute to these declines in Ohio and shift the makeup of the butterfly community by benefiting some species over others. Our analysis of life-history traits associated with population trends shows an impact of climate change, as species with northern distributions and fewer annual generations declined more rapidly. However, even common and invasive species associated with human-dominated landscapes are declining, suggesting widespread environmental causes for these trends. Declines in common species, although they may not be close to extinction, will have an outsized impact on the ecosystem services provided by insects. These results from the most extensive, systematic insect monitoring program in North America demonstrate an ongoing defaunation in butterflies that on an annual scale might be imperceptible, but cumulatively has reduced butterfly numbers by a third over 20 years.}, }
@article {pmid31284685, year = {2019}, author = {Xue, Q and Xiang, Y and Wu, XQ and Li, MJ}, title = {Bacterial Communities and Virulence Associated with Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus from Different Pinus spp.}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {20}, number = {13}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijms20133342}, pmid = {31284685}, issn = {1422-0067}, support = {2016YFC1202100//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; NO.31270683//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; PAPD//Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions/ ; }, abstract = {Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease, is a destructive threat to pine forests. The role of bacteria associated with B. xylophilus in pine wilt disease has attracted widespread attention. This study investigated variation in bacterial communities and the virulence of surface-sterilized B. xylophilus from different Pinus spp. The predominant culturable bacteria of nematodes from different pines were Stenotrophomonas and Pseudomonas. Biolog EcoPlate analysis showed that metabolic diversity of bacteria in B. xylophilus from P. massoniana was the highest, followed by P. thunbergii and P. densiflora. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that bacterial diversity and community structure in nematodes from the different pine species varied, and the dominant bacteria were Stenotrophomonas and Elizabethkingia. The virulence determination of B. xylophilus showed that the nematodes from P. massoniana had the greatest virulence, followed by the nematodes from P. thunbergii and P. densiflora. After the nematodes were inoculated onto P. thunbergii, the relative abundance of the predominant bacteria changed greatly, and some new bacterial species emerged. Meanwhile, the virulence of all the nematode isolates increased after passage through P. thunbergii. These inferred that some bacteria associated with B. xylophilus isolated from different pine species might be helpful to adjust the PWN's parasitic adaptability.}, }
@article {pmid31284196, year = {2019}, author = {Yang, RM}, title = {Mechanisms of soil organic carbon storage response to Spartina alterniflora invasion and climate change.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {690}, number = {}, pages = {7-15}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.472}, pmid = {31284196}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Coastal wetlands have been identified as vital global carbon (C) sinks; however, soil C sequestration in these ecosystems is susceptible to impacts of non-native species invasion and climate change worldwide. Although their potential impacts on soil organic C (SOC) storage have been reported in previous literature, the well-established mechanisms that control SOC storage response, especially in relation to soil depths, is still limited. To fill this knowledge gap, we developed a structural equation model (SEM) to identify mechanisms that account for SOC changes in topsoil (0-0.3 m) and subsoil (0.3-0.6 m) on coastal wetland of the East China Sea, where SOC in both depths increased with exotic Spartina alterniflora invasion. In the initial model, we hypothesized that there were a set of direct and indirect effects of the invasion, climate, and soil physicochemical properties on SOC storage. By evaluating the interactions of these factors, we found relatively complex patterns that vary with depth. For topsoil, the invasion had not only direct effects on SOC storage, but also indirect effects through mediating effects of soil water content (SWC) that was linked to fine soil fractions. For subsoil, the invasion was indirectly related to SOC storage through mediating effects of SOC in topsoil, SWC, and salinity. SOC in subsoil was also affected by temperature. Our results highlight that the response of SOC storage to the invasion and climate change results from the interacting effects of climate-plant-soil system.}, }
@article {pmid30185637, year = {2018}, author = {Towers, IR and Dwyer, JM}, title = {Regional climate and local-scale biotic acceptance explain native-exotic richness relationships in Australian annual plant communities.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {285}, number = {1886}, pages = {}, pmid = {30185637}, issn = {1471-2954}, mesh = {Biodiversity ; *Biota ; *Climate ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Magnoliopsida/*physiology ; *Plant Dispersal ; Western Australia ; }, abstract = {Native and exotic species richness is expected to be negatively related at small spatial scales where individuals interact, and positive at larger spatial scales as a greater variety of habitats are sampled. However, a range of native-exotic richness relationships (NERRs) have been reported, including positive at small scales and negative at larger scales. We present a hierarchical metacommunity framework to explain how contrasting NERRs may emerge across scales and study systems, and then apply this framework to NERRs in an invaded winter annual plant system in southwest Western Australia. We analysed NERRs at increasing spatial scales from neighbourhoods (0.09 m2) to communities (225 m2) to metacommunities (greater than 10 ha) within a multilevel structural equation model. In contrast to many previous studies, native and exotic richness were positively related at the neighbourhood scale and were not significantly associated at larger scales. Heterogeneity in soil surface properties was weakly, but positively, associated with native and exotic richness at the community scale. Metacommunity exotic richness increased strongly with regional temperature and moisture availability, but relationships for native richness were negative and much weaker. Thus, we show that neutral NERRs can emerge at larger scales owing to differential climatic filtering of native and exotic species pools.}, }
@article {pmid29196646, year = {2017}, author = {Koch, MA and Michling, F and Walther, A and Huang, XC and Tewes, L and Müller, C}, title = {Early-Mid Pleistocene genetic differentiation and range expansions as exemplified by invasive Eurasian Bunias orientalis (Brassicaceae) indicates the Caucasus as key region.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {16764}, pmid = {29196646}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ; Biodiversity ; Brassicaceae/*genetics ; DNA, Plant ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genetics, Population ; Genome, Plastid ; Genomics/methods ; Geography ; Haplotypes ; *Introduced Species ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; }, abstract = {Turkish Warty cabbage, Bunias orientalis L. (Brassicaceae) is a perennial herb known for its 250 years of invasion history into Europe and worldwide temperate regions. Putative centers of origin were debated to be located in Turkey, the Caucasus or Eastern Europe. Based on the genetic variation from the nuclear and plastid genomes, we identified two major gene pools in the Caucasian-Irano-Turanian region and close to the Northern Caucasus, respectively. These gene pools are old and started to diverge and expand approximately 930 kya in the Caucasus. Pleistocene glaciation and deglaciation cycles favoured later expansion of a European gene pool 230 kya, which was effectively separated from the Caucasian-Irano-Turanian gene pool. Although the European gene pool is genetically less diverse, it has largely served as source for colonization of Western and Northern Europe in modern times with rare observations of genetic contributions from the Caucasian-Irano-Turanian gene pool such as in North-East America. This study largely utilized herbarium material to take advantage of a biodiversity treasure trove providing biological material and also giving access to detailed collection information.}, }
@article {pmid29102623, year = {2018}, author = {Osten-Sacken, N and Heddergott, M and Schleimer, A and Anheyer-Behmenburg, HE and Runge, M and Horsburgh, GJ and Camp, L and Nadler, SA and Frantz, AC}, title = {Similar yet different: co-analysis of the genetic diversity and structure of an invasive nematode parasite and its invasive mammalian host.}, journal = {International journal for parasitology}, volume = {48}, number = {3-4}, pages = {233-243}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.08.013}, pmid = {29102623}, issn = {1879-0135}, mesh = {Alleles ; Animals ; Ascaridida Infections/epidemiology/parasitology/*veterinary ; Ascaridoidea/*genetics/growth &amp; development ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA, Helminth/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification ; Feces/parasitology ; Genes, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Genotyping Techniques/veterinary ; Germany/epidemiology ; Haplotypes ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology/parasitology/veterinary ; *Introduced Species ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Multigene Family ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Raccoons/genetics/*parasitology ; }, abstract = {Animal parasitic nematodes can cause serious diseases and their emergence in new areas can be an issue of major concern for biodiversity conservation and human health. Their ability to adapt to new environments and hosts is likely to be affected by their degree of genetic diversity, with gene flow between distinct populations counteracting genetic drift and increasing effective population size. The raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis), a gastrointestinal parasite of the raccoon (Procyon lotor), has increased its global geographic range after being translocated with its host. The raccoon has been introduced multiple times to Germany, but not all its populations are infected with the parasite. While fewer introduced individuals may have led to reduced diversity in the parasite, admixture between different founder populations may have counteracted genetic drift and bottlenecks. Here, we analyse the population genetic structure of the roundworm and its raccoon host at the intersection of distinct raccoon populations infected with B. procyonis. We found evidence for two parasite clusters resulting from independent introductions. Both clusters exhibited an extremely low genetic diversity, suggesting small founding populations subjected to inbreeding and genetic drift with no, or very limited, genetic influx from population admixture. Comparison of the population genetic structures of both host and parasite suggested that the parasite spread to an uninfected raccoon founder population. On the other hand, an almost perfect match between cluster boundaries also suggested that the population genetic structure of B. procyonis has remained stable since its introduction, mirroring that of its raccoon host.}, }
@article {pmid29101373, year = {2017}, author = {Diagne, C and Galan, M and Tamisier, L and d'Ambrosio, J and Dalecky, A and Bâ, K and Kane, M and Niang, Y and Diallo, M and Sow, A and Gauthier, P and Tatard, C and Loiseau, A and Piry, S and Sembène, M and Cosson, JF and Charbonnel, N and Brouat, C}, title = {Ecological and sanitary impacts of bacterial communities associated to biological invasions in African commensal rodent communities.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {14995}, pmid = {29101373}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Animals ; Bacteria/*isolation &amp; purification ; Biodiversity ; Ecology ; Introduced Species ; Mice/*microbiology ; Rats/*microbiology ; Senegal ; }, abstract = {Changes in host-parasite ecological interactions during biological invasion events may affect both the outcome of invasions and the dynamics of exotic and/or endemic infections. We tested these hypotheses, by investigating ongoing house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) and black rat (Rattus rattus) invasions in Senegal (West Africa). We used a 16S gene rRNA amplicon sequencing approach to study potentially zoonotic bacterial communities in invasive and native rodents sampled along two well-defined independent invasion routes. We found that individual host factors (body mass and sex) were important drivers of these bacterial infections in rodents. We observed that the bacterial communities varied along invasion routes and differed between invasive and native rodents, with native rodents displaying higher overall bacterial diversity than invasive rodents. Differences in prevalence levels for some bacterial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) provided support for ecological processes connecting parasitism and invasion success. Finally, our results indicated that rodent invasions may lead to the introduction of exotic bacterial genera and/or to changes in the prevalence of endemic ones. This study illustrates the difficulty of predicting the relationship between biodiversity and disease risks, and advocate for public health prevention strategies based on global pathogen surveillance followed by accurate characterization of potential zoonotic agents.}, }
@article {pmid29101347, year = {2017}, author = {Suehiro, W and Hyodo, F and Tanaka, HO and Himuro, C and Yokoi, T and Dobata, S and Guénard, B and Dunn, RR and Vargo, EL and Tsuji, K and Matsuura, K}, title = {Radiocarbon analysis reveals expanded diet breadth associates with the invasion of a predatory ant.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {15016}, pmid = {29101347}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Animals ; *Ants ; *Diet ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Herbivory ; Introduced Species ; Radiometric Dating ; }, abstract = {Invasions are ecologically destructive and can threaten biodiversity. Trophic flexibility has been proposed as a mechanism facilitating invasion, with more flexible species better able to invade. The termite hunting needle ant Brachyponera chinensis was introduced from East Asia to the United States where it disrupts native ecosystems. We show that B. chinensis has expanded dietary breadth without shifting trophic position in its introduced range. Transect sampling of ants and termites revealed a negative correlation between the abundance of B. chinensis and the abundance of other ants in introduced populations, but this pattern was not as strong in the native range. Both termite and B. chinensis abundance were higher in the introduced range than in native range. Radiocarbon (14C) analysis revealed that B. chinensis has significantly younger 'diet age', the time lag between carbon fixation by photosynthesis and its use by the consumer, in the introduced range than in the native range, while stable isotope analyses showed no change. These results suggest that in the introduced range B. chinensis remains a termite predator but also feeds on other consumer invertebrates with younger diet ages such as herbivorous insects. Radiocarbon analysis allowed us to elucidate cryptic dietary change associated with invasion success.}, }
@article {pmid31280502, year = {2019}, author = {Mihalca, AD and Păstrav, IR and Sándor, AD and Deak, G and Gherman, CM and Sarmaşi, A and Votýpka, J}, title = {First report of the dog louse fly Hippobosca longipennis in Romania.}, journal = {Medical and veterinary entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/mve.12395}, pmid = {31280502}, issn = {1365-2915}, support = {PCCDI 57/2018//Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI), Romania/ ; 16_019/0000759//European Regional Development (ERD) Fund/ ; }, abstract = {Hippobosca longipennis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), the dog fly or dog louse fly, is an obligate blood-feeding ectoparasite of wild and domestic carnivores in Africa and the Middle East. Outside its typically known geographic range, H. longipennis has been reported occasionally on mainly domestic dogs in Asia and southern Europe, and infrequently in other areas (central Europe and the U.S.A.). This paper presents the first report of H. longipennis in Romania and the second record of Lipoptena fortisetosa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), a potentially invasive species. Hippobosca longipennis was found on domestic dogs in two regions of the country (northern Romania in Maramures and southwestern Romania in Dobrogea) and on two road-killed wildcats in Maramures. Lipoptena fortisetosa was found on domestic dogs in Maramures. In both species identification was based on morphology and confirmed by barcoding of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. It is not clear for how long H. longipennis has been present in central Europe, nor if it was introduced (via the movement of domestic dogs or import of exotic carnivores) or present historically (Holocene remnants). This paper discusses the possible origins of H. longipennis in central Europe as its current distribution in the area is sparse and patchy.}, }
@article {pmid31280369, year = {2019}, author = {Russo, L and Vaudo, AD and Fisher, CJ and Grozinger, CM and Shea, K}, title = {Bee community preference for an invasive thistle associated with higher pollen protein content.}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00442-019-04462-5}, pmid = {31280369}, issn = {1432-1939}, support = {1313115//Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences/ ; 2014-02219//USDA/ ; FOMN 705287//Marie Curie/United Kingdom ; 1556444//Directorate for Biological Sciences/ ; }, abstract = {Non-native plant species reliant on insect pollination must attract novel pollinators in their introduced habitat to reproduce. Indeed, pollination services provided by resident floral visitors may contribute to the spread of non-native species, which may then affect the pollination services received by native plants. To determine the mechanisms by which an invasive thistle attracts pollinators in its introduced range, and whether its presence changes the pollinator visitation to native plant species, we compared bee visitation to native plants in the presence or absence of the invader. We experimentally tested the effect of a thistle invasion into a native plant community. We found that the non-native thistle was the most attractive of the plant species to visiting bee species. However, there was no effect of experimental treatment (presence of thistle) on bee abundance or visitation rate (bees per unit floral area per sample) to native plant species. Across 68 bee and 6 plant species, we found a significant correlation between pollen protein content and bee abundance and visitation rate. Thistle pollen also had a similar protein:lipid ratio to legumes, which correlated with bumble bee visitation. The high protein content of the thistle pollen, as compared to four native asters, may allow it to attract pollinators in novel ecosystems, and potentially contribute to its success as an invader. At the same time, this high protein pollen may act as a novel resource to pollinators in the thistle's invaded range.}, }
@article {pmid31280152, year = {2019}, author = {Leza, M and Herrera, C and Marques, A and Roca, P and Sastre-Serra, J and Pons, DG}, title = {The impact of the invasive species Vespa velutina on honeybees: A new approach based on oxidative stress.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {689}, number = {}, pages = {709-715}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.511}, pmid = {31280152}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Honeybees have an essential role in ecosystems pollinating wild flowers and cultivated crops, representing an important cultural and economic benefit for humans. Honeybee populations are decreasing over the last decade, due to multifactorial causes. The aim of this field study was to investigate the effects of the presence of the invasive species Vespa velutina, a bee predator, in oxidative stress parameters of honeybee workers. To achieve this objective, positive or negative apiaries for the presence of the V. velutina were selected. Five honeybees from six hives of each apiary were sampled in spring, summer and autumn, analysing a total of 233 samples. Analysis of mRNA expression of oxidative stress-related genes, catalase enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation were performed. An increase in sod2, tpx3, trxR1, gtpx1, gstS1, coxI, cytC and if2mt genes expression, as well as a raise in catalase activity and lipid peroxidation were observed in V. velutina positive samples. Thus, here we present a new methodology to analyze the impact of the predation pressure of the invasive species V. velutina on honeybees under field conditions. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study indicate the negative impact of the presence of the yellow-legged hornet on honeybees' health and the activation of their antioxidant system to protect them against this biotic stressor. Moreover, the redox status they present could increase the susceptibility of honeybees, essential insects that currently receive many inputs of different stresses, to another stressor.}, }
@article {pmid31279211, year = {2019}, author = {Cuthbert, RN and Dalu, T and Mutshekwa, T and Wasserman, RJ}, title = {Leaf inputs from invasive and native plants drive differential mosquito abundances.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {689}, number = {}, pages = {652-654}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.470}, pmid = {31279211}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Ecological impacts of invasive alien species can be unpredictable and simultaneously span multiple habitat types and taxonomic groups. Invasive alien plants can have particularly severe impacts, and plant inputs into aquatic environments can profoundly alter community composition of invertebrates, such as mosquitoes. Here, we examine larval mosquito colonisation of aquatic containers treated with leaves from four different terrestrial plants: the invasive tickberry Lantana camara, invasive guava Psidium guajava, native sycamore fig Ficus sycomorus and native silver cluster-leaf Terminalia sericea. Larval mosquito abundances differed significantly accordingly to leaf treatment, whilst no mosquitoes colonised leaf-free controls. Leaf litter from the invasive L. camara, invasive P. guajava and native F. sycomorus drove significant increases in mosquito abundances relative to native T. sericea. We demonstrate the importance of plant identity for larval mosquito proliferations in aquatic habitats, with changes in plant community composition following terrestrial plant invasions potentially resulting in increased mosquito abundances. In turn, this may have implications for the vectoring of mosquito-borne disease.}, }
@article {pmid31277680, year = {2019}, author = {Ballardini, M and Ferretti, S and Chiaranz, G and Pautasso, A and Riina, MV and Triglia, G and Verna, F and Bellavia, V and Radaelli, MC and Berio, E and Accorsi, A and De Camilli, M and Cardellino, U and Fiorino, N and Acutis, PL and Casalone, C and Mignone, W}, title = {First report of the invasive mosquito Aedes koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) and of its establishment in Liguria, northwest Italy.}, journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {334}, doi = {10.1186/s13071-019-3589-2}, pmid = {31277680}, issn = {1756-3305}, support = {IZS PLV 02/14 RC//Ministero della Salute/ ; IZS PLV 15/16 RC//Ministero della Salute/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive mosquito species (IMS) of the genus Aedes are a cause of increasing concern in Europe owing to their ability to vector important human viral diseases. Entomological surveillance to early detect alien mosquito and flavivirus circulation in Liguria, northwest Italy, has been carried out since 2011.<br><br>RESULTS: The invasive species Aedes koreicus was first detected in Genoa in September 2015, when a male specimen was caught near the international airport; species identity was confirmed by genetic analysis. Over the next three years, 86 more adult specimens were trapped at sites throughout the city, accounting for 0.50% of all mosquitoes and 1.04% of Aedes sp. mosquitoes trapped in Genova in the four-year period 2015-2018. So far, no other monitored sites in Liguria have revealed the presence of this species. Ovitraps at two sites became positive for the species in July-August 2017. All female Ae. koreicus pools analysed were negative in biomolecular assays for Flavivirus.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings of Ae. koreicus in Genoa constitute, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of the species in northwest Italy and in a Mediterranean port city. The species appears to be established; trapping and climatic data support survival of Ae. koreicus in the area through three consecutive winters. Monitoring of adult mosquitoes detected the species two years before its discovery with ovitraps; trapping for adult specimens appears to be a more effective tool for the early detection of IMS. The airport (located near the commercial port area) and the flower market are the most probable sites of introduction; however, the exact time and place of arrival of this IMS in Liguria remain unknown. Based on morphological and genetic data, a common origin for most of the Ae. koreicus populations established in Europe is suspected. So far, no control measures have been adopted in Genoa and the species will probably colonize an even wider area in the next few years.}, }
@article {pmid31277503, year = {2019}, author = {Łukowski, A and Janek, W and Baraniak, E and Walczak, U and Karolewski, P}, title = {Changing Host Plants Causes Structural Differences in the Parasitoid Complex of the Monophagous Moth Yponomeuta evonymella, but Does Not Improve Survival Rate.}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {10}, number = {7}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects10070197}, pmid = {31277503}, issn = {2075-4450}, support = {N N304 037640//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; }, abstract = {Recently in Poland, cases of host expansion have frequently been observed in the typically monophagous bird-cherry ermine moth (Yponomeuta evonymella), which has moved from its native host plant, bird cherry (Prunus padus), to a new, widely distributed plant that is invasive in Europe, black cherry (P.serotina). We attempted to verify the reasons behind this host change in the context of the enemy-free space hypothesis by focusing on parasitoids attacking larval Y. evonymella on one of three host plant variants: The primary host, P. padus; initially P. padus and later P. serotina (P. padus/P. serotina); or the new host, P. serotina. This experiment investigated if changing the host plant could be beneficial to Y. evonymella in terms of escaping from harmful parasitoids and improving survival rate. We identified nine species of parasitoids that attack larval Y. evonymella, and we found that the number of parasitoid species showed a downward trend from the primary host plant to the P. padus/P. serotina combination to the new host plant alone. We observed a significant difference among variants in relation to the percentage of cocoons killed by specific parasitoids, but no effects of non-specific parasitoids or other factors. Total mortality did not significantly differ (ca. 37%) among larval rearing variants. Changing the host plant caused differences in the structure of the parasitoid complex of Y. evonymella but did not improve its survival rate. This study does not indicate that the host expansion of Y. evonymella is associated with the enemy-free space hypothesis; we therefore discuss alternative scenarios that may be more likely.}, }
@article {pmid31275055, year = {2014}, author = {Adebayo, AA and Zhan, A and Bailey, SA and MacIsaac, HJ}, title = {Domestic ships as a potential pathway of nonindigenous species from the Saint Lawrence River to the Great Lakes.}, journal = {Biological invasions}, volume = {16}, number = {4}, pages = {793-801}, doi = {10.1007/s10530-013-0537-5}, pmid = {31275055}, issn = {1387-3547}, abstract = {Ballast water moved by transoceanic vessels has been recognized globally as a predominant vector for the introduction of aquatic nonindigenous species (NIS). In contrast, domestic ships operating within confined geographic areas have been viewed as low risk for invasions, and are exempt from regulation in consequence. We examined if the St. Lawrence River could serve as a source of NIS for the Laurentian Great Lakes by surveying ballast water carried by domestic vessels and comparing biological composition in predominant St. Lawrence River-Great Lakes port-pairs in order to determine the likelihood that NIS could be transported to, and survive in, the Great Lakes. Thirteen potential invaders were sampled from ballast water, while 26 taxa sampled from St. Lawrence River ports are not reported from the Great Lakes. The majority of NIS recorded in samples are marine species with low potential for survival in the Great Lakes, however two euryhaline species (copepod Oithona similis, and amphipod Gammarus palustris) and two taxa reported from brackish waters (copepod Microsetella norvegica and decapod Cancer irroratus) may pose a risk for invasion. In addition, four marine NIS were collected in freshwater samples indicating that at least a subset of marine species have potential as new invaders to the Great Lakes. Based on results from this study, the ports of Montreal, Sorel, Tracy and Trois Rivières appear to pose the highest risk for new ballast-mediated NIS from the St. Lawrence River to the Great Lakes.}, }
@article {pmid31273967, year = {2019}, author = {Sun, W and Zeng, CR and Yue, D and Hu, YC}, title = {Involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatotoxicity induced by Ageratina adenophora in mice.}, journal = {Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B}, volume = {20}, number = {8}, pages = {693-698}, doi = {10.1631/jzus.B1800645}, pmid = {31273967}, issn = {1862-1783}, abstract = {Ageratina adenophora is a noxious plant and it is known to cause acute asthma, diarrhea, depilation, and even death in livestock (Zhu et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2017). A. adenophora grows near roadsides and degraded land worldwide (He et al., 2015b). In the areas where it grows, A. adenophora is an invasive species that inhibits the growth of local plants and causes poisoning in animals that come in contact with it (Nie et al., 2012). In China, these plants can be found in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, and other southwestern areas (He et al., 2015a) and they have become a dominant species in these local regions. It threatens the native biodiversity and ecosystem in the invaded areas and causes serious economic losses (Wang et al., 2017). It has been reported that A. adenophora can grow in the northeast direction at a speed of 20 km per year in China (Guo et al., 2009). Because of the damage caused by A. adenophora, it ranks among the earliest alien invasive plant species in China (Wang et al., 2017).}, }
@article {pmid31271050, year = {2019}, author = {Newete, SW and Allem, SM and Venter, N and Byrne, MJ}, title = {Tamarix efficiency in salt excretion and physiological tolerance to salt-induced stress in South Africa.}, journal = {International journal of phytoremediation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-7}, doi = {10.1080/15226514.2019.1633997}, pmid = {31271050}, issn = {1549-7879}, abstract = {This study, investigated the salt excretion efficiency and the level of the physiological response to salt-induced stresses between the native and exotic Tamarix species as well as their hybrids (Tamarix chinensis × Tamarix ramosissima and Tamarix chinensis × Tamarix usneoides). Ten potted plants from each of the five taxa were exposed to salt at a concentration of 3% (w/w) (180 mM) for 3 weeks. Measurements of electro-conductivity (EC), physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and water pressure and plant growth were taken from salt-treated and control plants. The EC in the exotic T. chinensis significantly increased by >30% compared with all other Tamarix taxa, suggesting that it is the most effective taxon for phytoremediation. Although there was no significant difference in plant growth between T. chinensis and T. usneoides, they both showed a significantly greater plant growth than the other taxa. However, the plant physiological parameters indicated that T. usneoides was less stressed by the salt exposure than the T. chinensis and the others. Thus, considering the T. usneoides greater tolerance to salt-induced and/water stresses and the strict environmental regulations of planting exotic Tamarix, the native Tamarix remains the preferred plant of choice for phytoremediation in South Africa.}, }
@article {pmid31268545, year = {2019}, author = {Parker, C and Bernaola, L and Lee, BW and Elmquist, D and Cohen, A and Marshall, A and Hepler, J and Pekarcik, A and Justus, E and King, K and Lee, TY and Esquivel, C and Hauri, K and McCullough, C and Hadden, W and Ragozzino, M and Roth, M and Villegas, J and Kraus, E and Becker, M and Mulcahy, M and Chen, R and Mittapelly, P and Clem, CS and Skinner, R and Josek, T and Pearlstein, D and Tetlie, J and Tran, A and Auletta, A and Benkert, E and Tussey, D}, title = {Entomology in the 21st Century: Tackling Insect Invasions, Promoting Advancements in Technology, and Using Effective Science Communication-2018 Student Debates.}, journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)}, volume = {19}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jisesa/iez069}, pmid = {31268545}, issn = {1536-2442}, abstract = {The 2018 student debates of the Entomological Society of America were held at the Joint Annual Meeting for the Entomological Societies of America, Canada, and British Columbia in Vancouver, BC. Three unbiased introductory speakers and six debate teams discussed and debated topics under the theme 'Entomology in the 21st Century: Tackling Insect Invasions, Promoting Advancements in Technology, and Using Effective Science Communication'. This year's debate topics included: 1) What is the most harmful invasive insect species in the world? 2) How can scientists diffuse the stigma or scare factor surrounding issues that become controversial such as genetically modified organisms, agricultural biotechnological developments, or pesticide chemicals? 3) What new/emerging technologies have the potential to revolutionize entomology (other than Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)? Introductory speakers and debate teams spent approximately 9 mo preparing their statements and arguments and had the opportunity to share this at the Joint Annual Meeting with an engaged audience.}, }
@article {pmid29753340, year = {2018}, author = {Trujillo-González, A and Becker, JA and Hutson, KS}, title = {Parasite Dispersal From the Ornamental Goldfish Trade.}, journal = {Advances in parasitology}, volume = {100}, number = {}, pages = {239-281}, doi = {10.1016/bs.apar.2018.03.001}, pmid = {29753340}, issn = {2163-6079}, mesh = {Animals ; Communicable Diseases, Imported/parasitology/*veterinary ; Fish Diseases/*parasitology/*transmission ; Goldfish/*parasitology ; Industry/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Introduced Species ; }, abstract = {Goldfish, Carassius auratus Linnaeus, 1758, are immensely popular ornamental cyprinid fish, traded in more than 100 countries. For more than 500 years, human translocation has facilitated the spread of goldfish globally, which has enabled numerous and repeated introductions of parasite taxa that infect them. The parasite fauna assemblage of goldfish is generally well documented, but few studies provide evidence of parasite coinvasion following the release of goldfish. This review provides a comprehensive synopsis of parasites that infect goldfish in farmed, aquarium-held, native, and invasive populations globally and summarises evidence for the cointroduction and coinvasion of goldfish parasites. More than 113 species infect goldfish in their native range, of which 26 species have probably coinvaded with the international trade of goldfish. Of these, Schyzocotyle acheilognathi (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidae), Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora: Ichthyophthiriidae), Argulus japonicus (Crustacea: Argulidae), Lernaea cyprinacea (Crustacea: Ergasilidae), Dactylogyrus anchoratus, Dactylogyrus vastator and Dactylogyrus formosus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) are common to invasive goldfish populations in more than four countries and are considered a high risk of continued spread. Coinvasive parasites include species with direct and complex life cycles, which have successfully colonised new environments through utilisation of either new native hosts or suitable invasive hosts. Specifically, I. multifiliis, A. japonicus and L. cyprinacea can cause harm to farmed freshwater fish species and are important parasites to consider for biosecurity. These species may threaten other aquatic animal industries given their low host specificity and adaptable life histories. Future attention to biosecurity, management and border detection methods could limit the continued spread of exotic parasites from the ornamental trade of goldfish.}, }
@article {pmid29185467, year = {2017}, author = {Hyldgaard, B and Lambertini, C and Brix, H}, title = {Phylogeography reveals a potential cryptic invasion in the Southern Hemisphere of Ceratophyllum demersum, New Zealand's worst invasive macrophyte.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {16569}, pmid = {29185467}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Australia ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genotype ; Haplotypes/*genetics ; Introduced Species ; New Zealand ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; }, abstract = {Ceratophyllum demersum (common hornwort) is presently considered the worst invasive submerged aquatic macrophyte in New Zealand. We explored the global phylogeographic pattern of the species, based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA, in order to identify the origin of the invasive populations in New Zealand and to clarify if there were multiple introductions. The phylogeographic study identified geographically differentiated gene pools in North America, tropical Asia, Australia, and South Africa, likely native to these regions, and a recent dispersal event of a Eurasian-related haplotype to North America, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa. At least two different invasive genotypes of this Eurasian-related haplotype have been found in New Zealand. One genotype is closely related to genotypes in Australia and South Africa, while we could not trace the closest relatives of the other genotype within our C. demersum sample set. Contrasting spectra of genetic distances in New Zealand and in a region within the native range (Denmark), suggest that the invasive population was founded by vegetative reproduction, seen as low genetic distances among genotypes. We also discovered the introduction of the same Eurasian-related haplotype in Australia and South Africa and that a cryptic invasion may be occurring in these continents.}, }
@article {pmid29093523, year = {2017}, author = {Ju, RT and Gao, L and Wei, SJ and Li, B}, title = {Spring warming increases the abundance of an invasive specialist insect: links to phenology and life history.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {14805}, pmid = {29093523}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Animals ; China ; *Climate Change ; Heteroptera/*physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Plant Leaves ; *Seasons ; }, abstract = {Under global warming, shifts in phenological synchrony between insects and host plants (i.e., changes in the relative timing of the interaction) may reduce resource availability to specialist insects. Some specialists, however, can flexibly track the shifts in host-plant phenology, allowing them to obtain sufficient resources and therefore to benefit from rising temperatures. Here, we investigated the effects of experimental warming on the life history of an invasive, specialist lace bug (Corythucha ciliata) and on the leaf expansion of its host plant (Platanus × acerifolia) in two spring seasons under field conditions in Shanghai, China. We found that a 2 °C increase in mean air temperature advanced the timing of the expansion of host leaves and of the activities of overwintering adult insects in both years but did not disrupt their synchrony. Warming also directly increased the reproduction of overwintering adults and enhanced the development and survival of their offspring. These results indicate that C. ciliata can well track the earlier emergence of available resources in response to springtime warming. Such plasticity, combined with the direct effects of rising temperatures, may increase the insect's population size and outbreak potential in eastern China under climate warming.}, }
@article {pmid28983105, year = {2017}, author = {Hansson, SV and Sonke, J and Galop, D and Bareille, G and Jean, S and Le Roux, G}, title = {Transfer of marine mercury to mountain lakes.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {12719}, pmid = {28983105}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Animals ; Fisheries ; France ; *Introduced Species ; Lakes/*chemistry ; Mercury/analysis/*metabolism ; Trout/*metabolism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/*metabolism ; *Water Pollution, Chemical ; }, abstract = {Stocking is a worldwide activity on geographical and historical scales. The rate of non-native fish introductions have more than doubled over the last decades yet the effect on natural ecosystems, in the scope of biologically mediated transport and biomagnification of Hg and Hg-isotopes, is unknown. Using geochemistry (THg) and stable isotopes (N, Sr and Hg), we evaluate natal origin and trophic position of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario), as well as mercury biomagnification trends and potential pollution sources to three high-altitude lakes. Farmed trout show Hg-isotope signatures similar to marine biota whereas wild trout shows Hg-isotope signatures typical of fresh water lakes. Stocked trout initially show Hg-isotope signatures similar to marine biota. As the stocked trout age and shifts diet to a higher trophic level, THg concentrations increase and the marine Hg isotope signatures, induced via farm fish feed, shift to locally produced MeHg with lower δ202Hg and higher Δ199Hg. We conclude that stocking acts a humanly induced biovector that transfers marine Hg to freshwater ecosystems, which is seen in the Hg-isotopic signature up to five years after stocking events occurred. This points to the need of further investigations of the role of stocking in MeHg exposure to freshwater ecosystems.}, }
@article {pmid28980497, year = {2018}, author = {Bentur, Y and Altunin, S and Levdov, I and Golani, D and Spanier, E and Edelist, D and Lurie, Y}, title = {The clinical effects of the venomous Lessepsian migrant fish Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787) in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea.}, journal = {Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)}, volume = {56}, number = {5}, pages = {327-331}, doi = {10.1080/15563650.2017.1386308}, pmid = {28980497}, issn = {1556-9519}, mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; *Catfishes ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fish Venoms/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Introduced Species ; Male ; Mediterranean Sea ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult ; }, abstract = {CONTEXT: Plotosus lineatus is a venomous fish that has migrated from the Indo-Pacific region to the Mediterranean Sea (Lessepsian migrant). Its presence in the Mediterranean Sea was first recorded in 2002 and was observed in growing schools. Its spines contain toxins with lytic, hemolytic and edematous activities.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To characterize the injuries caused by Plotosus lineatus in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea.<br><br>METHODS: A prospective observational case series of consultations provided by a national Poison Center pertaining to Plotosus lineatus from 2007 to 2016. Demographic and clinical data and method of fish identification were retrieved from the medical toxicological records, and described.<br><br>RESULTS: Eighty four cases were included; the main findings are: median age 35 (range 3-80) years, 91.7% males, 51.2% fishermen, 78.6% palm injuries, 94% and 4.8% were mildly and moderately injured, respectively. Main local manifestations included pain, puncture wound, swelling, and erythema (90.5%, 70.2%, 33.3%, and 16.7%, respectively). Systemic signs were minor and infrequent (≤7.1%), including hypertension, tachycardia, vomiting, chills, and weakness. Management included wound disinfection, immersion in hot water, tetanus prophylaxis, and analgesics. No patient required hospital admission. The fish was identified mostly by the victim with the aid of the Poison Center (mainly by typical description, and a picture), and some by marine biologists.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Plotosus lineatus is a new fish in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. It affects fishermen handling fishing nets, and beach hikers stepping on or holding it. Injuries caused by its spines usually result in minor effects; pain may be intense. Treatment includes disinfection, analgesics, and antitetanus and antibiotics as needed. No lethal cases were recorded, unlike exposure of animals to the venom of the Indo-Pacific species; reason is unclear. Our series illustrates the consequences of manmade disruption of ecosystem resulting in invasion of toxic species to a new environment, affecting human health.}, }
@article {pmid31265727, year = {2019}, author = {Beuzelin, JM and VanWeelden, MT and Soto-Adames, FN and Sandhu, HS and Davidson, RW and Baucum, L and Swanson, S}, title = {Effect of Sugarcane Cultivar and Foliar Insecticide Treatment on Infestations of the Invasive Sugarcane Thrips, Fulmekiola serrata (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in Florida.}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toz188}, pmid = {31265727}, issn = {1938-291X}, abstract = {Fulmekiola serrata (Kobus) was observed infesting sugarcane, Saccharum spp. hybrids, in the United States for the first time in January 2017 in Florida. Field studies were conducted to determine F. serrata infestation levels on popular sugarcane cultivars and to determine the efficacy of foliar insecticide treatments that could be used for management. Cultivar evaluations comparing six and five commercial cultivars representing >46% of the sugarcane production area in Florida were conducted in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Fulmekiola serrata infestation levels did not differ among cultivars in 2017. However, infestation levels on CP 00-1101 were greater than on CP 96-1252 grown on organic soils, and infestation levels on CP 96-1252 were greater than on CPCL 97-2730 grown on mineral soils in 2018. Three insecticide evaluations, two in 2017 and one in 2018, were conducted. The pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin, which is registered for use on sugarcane, was consistently associated with the greatest decreases in F. serrata infestation levels. The neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, as well as the butenolide flupyradifurone, decreased infestation levels but to a lesser extent than did lambda-cyhalothrin. The spinosyn spinetoram was associated with the lowest decreases in F. serrata infestation levels. Our results supported short-term F. serrata management recommendations: Popular Florida sugarcane cultivars should be considered equally susceptible to F. serrata until additional evaluations are conducted and F. serrata outbreaks can be treated with lambda-cyhalothrin when infestations stress the crop beyond acceptable levels.}, }
@article {pmid31265726, year = {2019}, author = {Villazana, J and Alyokhin, A}, title = {Tolerance of Immature Black Soldier Flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) to Cold Temperatures Above and Below Freezing Point.}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toz186}, pmid = {31265726}, issn = {1938-291X}, abstract = {Black soldier flies, Hermetia illucens (L.), consume decaying organic materials at the larval stage and can be used for recycling a variety of biogenic wastes into value-added products. Black soldier flies are normally found in subtropical and warm temperate regions. Cold temperatures may prevent their establishment in colder areas, thus alleviating a concern of their becoming an invasive species. Potentially, cold temperatures can also be used to manipulate the rate of black soldier fly development, which may be needed for timing certain life stages for mass-production needs. In the present study, immature black soldier flies were highly susceptible to freezing. Their survivorship decreased as time spent at -12°C increased from 10 to 60 min. Only ca. 2% of eggs, <1% of larvae, and no pupae survived after 60 min of exposure. Chilling at 4°C also had a significant negative effect that became more pronounced as duration of exposure increased from 24 to 72 h. Only ca. 2% of eggs and second instars and ca. 23% of pupae survived after 72 h. In the same time, >80% of third instars and >90% of fifth instars were still alive following 72 h of exposure. Chilling fifth instars resulted in smaller adults but freezing them for 48 h resulted in bigger adults. Based on these results, black soldier fly is unlikely to establish in areas with long periods of subfreezing winter temperatures. Low temperatures may be used to manipulate development of the late instars, but at a cost of higher mortality.}, }
@article {pmid31265475, year = {2019}, author = {Rose, JP and Wademan, C and Weir, S and Wood, JS and Todd, BD}, title = {Traditional trapping methods outperform eDNA sampling for introduced semi-aquatic snakes.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {7}, pages = {e0219244}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0219244}, pmid = {31265475}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Given limited resources for managing invasive species, traditional survey methods may not be feasible to implement at a regional scale. Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling has proven to be an effective method for detecting some invasive species, but comparisons between the detection probability of eDNA and traditional survey methods using modern occupancy modeling methods are rare. We developed a qPCR assay to detect two species of watersnake (Nerodia fasciata and Nerodia sipedon) introduced to California, USA, and we compared the efficacy of eDNA and aquatic trapping. We tested 3-9 water samples each from 30 sites near the known range of N. fasciata, and 61 sites near the known range of N. sipedon. We also deployed aquatic funnel traps at a subset of sites for each species. We detected N. fasciata eDNA in three of nine water samples from just one site, but captured N. fasciata in traps at three of ten sites. We detected N. sipedon eDNA in five of six water samples from one site, which was also the only site of nine at which this species was captured in traps. Traditional trapping surveys had a higher probability of detecting watersnakes than eDNA surveys, and both survey methods had higher detection probability for N. sipedon than N. fasciata. Occupancy models that integrated both trapping and eDNA surveys estimated that 5 sites (95% Credible Interval: 4-10) of 91 were occupied by watersnakes (both species combined), although snakes were only detected at four sites (three for N. fasciata, one for N. sipedon). Our study shows that despite the many successes of eDNA surveys, traditional sampling methods can have higher detection probability for some species. We recommend those tasked with managing species invasions explicitly compare eDNA and traditional survey methods in an occupancy framework to inform their choice of the best method for detecting nascent populations.}, }
@article {pmid31263272, year = {2019}, author = {Salinitro, M and Alessandrini, A and Zappi, A and Tassoni, A}, title = {Impact of climate change and urban development on the flora of a southern European city: analysis of biodiversity change over a 120-year period.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {9464}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-46005-1}, pmid = {31263272}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Ecological studies in cities are not only aimed at investigating floristic diversity, but also represent informative test cases for understanding ecological system dynamics and responses to urban and climate changes since cities represent microcosms of environmental changes happening globally. The city of Bologna was selected as a case study since two specific and complete studies have been carried out in a 120-years timespan, one in 1894 and one in 2018. Since 1894, a large increase occurred in the number of taxa (families from 41 to 101, species from 176 to 477) and alien species (from 22 to 144), with a 65% total species turnover. The comparison of species life forms pointed out a noticeable recent expansion of phanerophytes and geophytes at the expense of therophytes and hemicryptophytes. The correlation between urbanistic features and plant richness indicated that the main factor affecting plant richness is the presence of green spaces (parks, tree lines, flowerbeds, etc.). Analysis of variation in Ellenberg's indicator values over the last 120 years evidenced a shift toward shade-tolerant species, mainly connected to the increased presence of parks and trees within the city. Climate change and the presence of artificially irrigated areas within the city has led to an increase in both hygrophilous and drought-resistant species. In particular, the temperature index showed a significantly higher amount of macrothermal species in accordance with a warmer climate and the urban heat island effect.}, }
@article {pmid31263245, year = {2019}, author = {Barral, A}, title = {Invasive species like it hot.}, journal = {Nature plants}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41477-019-0483-z}, pmid = {31263245}, issn = {2055-0278}, }
@article {pmid31262813, year = {2019}, author = {Beechler, BR and Boersma, KS and Buss, PE and Coon, CAC and Gorsich, EE and Henrichs, BS and Siepielski, AM and Spaan, JM and Spaan, RS and Ezenwa, VO and Jolles, AE}, title = {Bovine tuberculosis disturbs parasite functional trait composition in African buffalo.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1903674116}, pmid = {31262813}, issn = {1091-6490}, abstract = {Novel parasites can have wide-ranging impacts, not only on host populations, but also on the resident parasite community. Historically, impacts of novel parasites have been assessed by examining pairwise interactions between parasite species. However, parasite communities are complex networks of interacting species. Here we used multivariate taxonomic and trait-based approaches to determine how parasite community composition changed when African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) acquired an emerging disease, bovine tuberculosis (BTB). Both taxonomic and functional parasite richness increased significantly in animals that acquired BTB than in those that did not. Thus, the presence of BTB seems to catalyze extraordinary shifts in community composition. There were no differences in overall parasite taxonomic composition between infected and uninfected individuals, however. The trait-based analysis revealed an increase in direct-transmitted, quickly replicating parasites following BTB infection. This study demonstrates that trait-based approaches provide insight into parasite community dynamics in the context of emerging infections.}, }
@article {pmid31262500, year = {2019}, author = {David, M and Magaletti, E and Kraus, R and Marini, M}, title = {Vulnerability to bioinvasions: Current status, risk assessment and management of ballast water through A regional approach - The Adriatic Sea.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.057}, pmid = {31262500}, issn = {1879-3363}, abstract = {The United Nations recognised the transfer of invasive species across natural barriers as one of the greatest pressures to the world's oceans and seas. The BWM Convention sets the global standards on ballast water management (BWM) requirements, while recognising that regional and local specifics have to be considered for its effective implementation. In the Adriatic Sea cross-border activities were conducted to provide for essential information/data and tools to support a regionally coordinated implementation of the BWM Convention. This special issue contains 18 publications that include results and recommendations from studying the ballast water and management issues through sampling of ballast water on vessels, risk assessment for exemptions and BWM, biological and chemical port baseline surveys and monitoring conducted in ports along the Adriatic Sea coast, oceanographic conditions, ballast water sediment issues and their management in ports, and the implementation options of the BWM Convention through the Adriatic States' environmental law and institutions cooperation. Essential data and tools to support a regional approach in the implementation of the BWM Convention were provided, and are therefore available to the administrations of the Adriatic countries to enable protection of the Adriatic Sea environment, human health property and resources from negative impacts of ballast water being discharged in the area. Data, approaches and tools provided here may be helpful in any other region to support an effective BWM Convention implementation.}, }
@article {pmid31261896, year = {2019}, author = {Tabanca, N and Masi, M and Epsky, ND and Nocera, P and Cimmino, A and Kendra, PE and Niogret, J and Evidente, A}, title = {Laboratory Evaluation of Natural and Synthetic Aromatic Compounds as Potential Attractants for Male Mediterranean fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata.}, journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {24}, number = {13}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/molecules24132409}, pmid = {31261896}, issn = {1420-3049}, abstract = {Ceratitis capitata, the Mediterranean fruit fly, is one of the most serious agricultural pests worldwide responsible for significant reduction in fruit and vegetable yields. Eradication is expensive and often not feasible. Current control methods include the application of conventional insecticides, leading to pesticide resistance and unwanted environmental effects. The aim of this study was to identify potential new attractants for incorporation into more environmentally sound management programs for C. capitata. In initial binary choice bioassays against control, a series of naturally occurring plant and fungal aromatic compounds and their related analogs were screened, identifying phenyllactic acid (7), estragole (24), o-eugenol (21), and 2-allylphenol (23) as promising attractants for male C. capitata. Subsequent binary choice tests evaluated five semisynthetic derivatives prepared from 2-allylphenol, but none of these were as attractive as 2-allylphenol. In binary choice bioassays with the four most attractive compounds, males were more attracted to o-eugenol (21) than to estragole (24), 2-allylphenol (23), or phenyllactic acid (7). In addition, electroantennography (EAG) was used to quantify antennal olfactory responses to the individual compounds (1-29), and the strongest EAG responses were elicited by 1-allyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (11), estragole (24), 4-allyltoluene (14), trans-anethole (9), o-eugenol (21), and 2-allylphenol (23). The compounds evaluated in the current investigation provide insight into chemical structure-function relationships and help direct future efforts in the development of improved attractants for the detection and control of invasive C. capitata.}, }
@article {pmid31261751, year = {2019}, author = {Bian, C and Li, J and Lin, X and Chen, X and Yi, Y and You, X and Zhang, Y and Lv, Y and Shi, Q}, title = {Whole Genome Sequencing of the Blue Tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) Provides a Valuable Genetic Resource for Biomedical Research on Tilapias.}, journal = {Marine drugs}, volume = {17}, number = {7}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/md17070386}, pmid = {31261751}, issn = {1660-3397}, support = {JSGG20170412153411369//shenzhen Bureau for Economy and Information/ ; KY20190108, KY20180205, and KY20160307//Shenzhen Dapeng Bureau for Promotion of Economy/ ; }, abstract = {Blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) has been an economically important fish in Asian countries. It can grow and reproduce in both freshwater and brackish water conditions, whereas it is also considered as a significant invasive species around the world. This species has been widely used as the hybridization parent(s) for tilapia breeding with a major aim to produce novel strains. However, available genomic resources are still limited for this important tilapia species. Here, we for the first time sequenced and assembled a draft genome for a seawater cultured blue tilapia (0.92 Gb), with 97.8% completeness and a scaffold N50 of 1.1 Mb, which suggests a relatively high quality of this genome assembly. We also predicted 23,117 protein-coding genes in the blue tilapia genome. Comparisons of predicted antimicrobial peptides between the blue tilapia and its close relative Nile tilapia proved that these immunological genes are highly similar with a genome-wide scattering distribution. As a valuable genetic resource, our blue tilapia genome assembly will benefit for biomedical researches and practical molecular breeding for high resistance to various diseases, which have been a critical problem in the aquaculture of tilapias.}, }
@article {pmid31261669, year = {2019}, author = {Kopeć, D and Zakrzewska, A and Halladin-Dąbrowska, A and Wylazłowska, J and Kania, A and Niedzielko, J}, title = {Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging Spectroscopy to Accurately Monitor Invasive and Expansive Herb Plants: Limitations and Requirements of the Method.}, journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {19}, number = {13}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/s19132871}, pmid = {31261669}, issn = {1424-8220}, support = {DZP/BIOSTRATEG-II/390/2015//Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju/ ; }, abstract = {Remote sensing (RS) is currently regarded as one of the standard tools used for mapping invasive and expansive plants for scientific purposes and it is increasingly widely used in nature conservation management. The applicability of RS methods is determined by its limitations and requirements. One of the most important limitations is the species percentage cover at which the classification result is correct and useful for nature conservation. The primary objective, carried out in 2017 in three areas of Poland, was to determine the minimum percentage cover from which it is possible to identify a target species by RS methods. A secondary objective of this research, related to the requirements of the method, was to optimize the set of training polygons for a target species in terms of the number of polygons and abundance percentage cover of the target species. Our method has to be easy to use, effective, and applicable, therefore the analysis was carried out using the basic set of rasters-the first 30 channels after the Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation (the mosaic of hyperspectral data from HySpex sensors with spectral range 0.4-2.5 µm) and commonly used Random Forest algorithm. The analysis used airborne hyperspectral data with a spatial resolution of 1 m to perform classification of one invasive and three expansive plants-two grasses and two large perennials. On-ground training and validation data sets were collected simultaneously with airborne data collection. When testing different classification scenarios, only the set of training polygons for a target species was changed. Classification results were evaluated based on three methods: accuracy measures (Kappa and F1), true-positive pixels in subclasses with different species cover and compatibility with field mapping. The classification results indicate that to classify the target plant species at the accepted level, the training dataset should contain polygons with a species cover ranging from 80-100%. Training performed only using polygons with a species characterized by a variable, but lower, cover (20-70%) and missing samples in the 80-100% range, led to a map which was not acceptable because of a high overestimation of target species. We achieved effective identification of species in areas where the species cover is above 50%, considering that ecosystems are heterogeneous. The results of these studies developed a methodology of field data acquisition and the necessity of synchronization in the acquisition of airborne data, and training and validation of on-ground sampling.}, }
@article {pmid31258384, year = {2018}, author = {Epstein, G and Smale, DA}, title = {Environmental and ecological factors influencing the spillover of the non-native kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, from marinas into natural rocky reef communities.}, journal = {Biological invasions}, volume = {20}, number = {4}, pages = {1049-1072}, doi = {10.1007/s10530-017-1610-2}, pmid = {31258384}, issn = {1387-3547}, abstract = {The non-native kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, is considered one of the world's worst invasive species. The northeast Atlantic is a hotspot of Undaria invasion, yet there is limited knowledge on its invasion dynamics. In the UK its distribution is strongly associated with artificial structures, primarily marina and harbour pontoons, with relatively few records of Undaria on natural substrates. Here, the southwest UK is used as a case region, to explicitly link Undaria distribution-abundance patterns in artificial marina habitats with those in natural rocky reef habitats. Using a mixture of in situ recording and video survey techniques, Undaria was found at all thirteen marina sites surveyed; but in only 17 of 35 rocky reef sites, all of which were in 2 of the 5 larger systems surveyed (Plymouth Sound and Torbay). The distribution-abundance patterns of Undaria at reef sites were analysed using zero-inflated models. The probability of finding Undaria on rocky reef increased with increasing proximity to marinas with high abundances of Undaria. Total propagule pressure from marinas also increased the probability of occurrence, and was positively related to Undaria abundance and cover at reef sites. Increases in the cover of native kelps, Laminaria spp., and wave exposure at reef sites were linked to a reduced probability of Undaria occurrence, and lower abundance and cover. Identifying high risk areas, natural boundaries and factors affecting the spread and abundance of non-native species in natural habitats is key to future management prioritisation. Where Undaria is confined to artificial substrates management may be deemed a low priority. However, the results of this study suggest that controlling the abundance and propagule pressure in artificial habitats may limit, to some extent, the spillover of Undaria into natural rocky reef habitats, where it has the potential to interact with and influence native communities.}, }
@article {pmid31260528, year = {2019}, author = {Shogren, CJ and Paine, TD}, title = {Identification of the Klambothrips myopori (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) Predator Complex in California.}, journal = {Environmental entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/ee/nvz076}, pmid = {31260528}, issn = {1938-2936}, abstract = {To identify the predator complex of the invasive thrips, Klambothrips myopori, on its ornamental host plant Myoporum laetum, field surveys were conducted at three sites in southern California over the period of 1 y. Five insect orders and five spider families were represented in the survey. Although the most abundant groups differed among collection sites, syrphid larvae, anthocorids, Chrysoperla spp., Franklinothrips orizabensis Johansen (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae), and one spider family (Salticidae) were all collected at each site. Based on the field surveys, Orius spp. and Chrysoperla spp. were identified as possible key natural enemies of K. myopori. Laboratory studies were then conducted to determine the consumption rates of Orius insidiosus Say (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Chrysoperla rufilabris Burmeister (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) at constant densities of K. myopori and to define the functional responses of the predators. Both predators consumed more second-instar larvae than other prey stages. Orius insidious displayed a type II functional response, while C. rufilabris displayed both type II and type III depending on prey stage. Generally speaking, O. insidiosus and C. rufilabris consumed a higher proportion of prey at lower pest densities, implying that in an augmentative control program using these commercially available natural enemies, predators could be released early in the year when host plants begin to flush and thrips populations are low to suppress population growth.}, }
@article {pmid31259746, year = {2019}, author = {Vega, A and Castro, L}, title = {Impact of climate change on insect-human interactions.}, journal = {Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/ACI.0000000000000565}, pmid = {31259746}, issn = {1473-6322}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To update the influence of the global climate change on Hymenoptera venom allergy.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Climate change facilitates biological invasions of hymenopteran species and plays a role in the impact of introduced species relevant for human health. It contributes to a rise in the incidence of sting injuries and allergy reactions across the world.<br><br>SUMMARY: Global climate change has contributed to the expansion and the redistribution of allergenic insect species, increasing the number of allergy cases caused by stinging insects worldwide. Imported insects are trending species in systemic reactions for multiple stings or hymenopteran venom allergy. They represent a threat for humans and a challenge for the allergists.}, }
@article {pmid31259466, year = {2019}, author = {Yang, Q and Umina, PA and Rašić, G and Bell, N and Fang, J and Lord, A and Hoffmann, AA}, title = {Origin of resistance to pyrethroids in the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) in Australia: repeated local evolution and migration.}, journal = {Pest management science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ps.5538}, pmid = {31259466}, issn = {1526-4998}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Halotydeus destructor is a major pest of crops and pastures across southern parts of Australia. This invasive mite has been chemically controlled for over 50 years, but resistance to synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates is developing. Understanding processes behind the emerging resistance is important for effective management efforts. We undertook a ddRAD pool-sequencing approach to analyse genome-wide SNP variation in H. destructor population samples at two scales: local resistance across a set of fields, and regional resistance across their Australian range, along with toxicology bioassays to screen for pyrethroid resistance.<br><br>RESULTS: Spatial patterns of genomic variation and resistance at a local scale indicated genetic similarity among samples were more closely correlated with distance along roads and fence-lines than with straight-line geographic distance. This pattern was particularly strong in resistant samples, which were also more related than the susceptible samples, suggesting local spread of resistance within an area after it emerged. In contrast, regional data suggests resistance has repeatedly emerged within parts of Australia. Our de novo annotation of the H. destructor draft genome sequence and Bayesian analysis identified several candidate loci strongly associated with population-level resistance to pyrethroids, located in genomic regions that code for transmembrane transport and signalling proteins which have been previously linked to insecticide resistance in other arthropods.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight multiple independent evolutionary events leading to resistance in H. destructor, and demonstrate the utility and cost-effectiveness of a cross-population, genome-wide association study to reveal processes underlying adaptive evolution in a non-model invasive species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31256202, year = {2019}, author = {Rumbold, DG and Bartoszek, IA}, title = {Mercury Concentrations in Invasive Burmese Pythons (Python bivitattus) of Southwest Florida.}, journal = {Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00128-019-02670-6}, pmid = {31256202}, issn = {1432-0800}, abstract = {We determined mercury (Hg) concentrations in various tissues of Burmese pythons (Python bivitattus; n = 227) caught in southwest Florida from 2012-2018 as part of a program to control this invasive species. Mercury ranged as high as 4.86 mg/kg in liver tissue from a snake that was 4.7 m long but overall averaged 0.12 ± 0.19 mg/kg in tail tips (n = 123). These levels were relatively low as compared to concentrations reported in pythons from Everglades National Park, a recognized Hg hotspot. These results show that snakes, particularly watersnakes, present another opportunity to biomonitor Hg at the aquatic-terrestrial interface. Although capturing snakes presents obvious challenges, which differ from sampling other taxa typically used in monitoring programs, taking advantage of this program to control an invasive species was cost effective and alleviated concerns about sampling and possibly reducing native snake populations.}, }
@article {pmid31252230, year = {2019}, author = {Mankad, A and Kennedy, U and Carter, L}, title = {Biological control of pests and a social model of animal welfare.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {247}, number = {}, pages = {313-322}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.080}, pmid = {31252230}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {This paper considers the sociocultural implications of biological pest control that sit at the cusp of managing an invasive species for conservation or productivity (i.e. a 'natural enemy') and socially driven 'manipulating life' arguments. We consider the role of perceived humaneness or, more accurately, animal welfare as it relates to managing invasive species from a scientific and social perspective. In order to highlight and articulate particular nuances and standards across different pest control contexts, we use three case examples (feral cats, wild rabbits, and invasive cane toads) and explore where biological pest control and animal welfare interests intersect. The paper summarises key scientific welfare concerns and then extends the literature to also examine key social characteristics of each pest management scenario, including lay perceptions of animal welfare, the sociocultural context that pests exist within, and overarching psychological factors contributing to public sentiment, including perceived risks. The subsequent descriptive model presented is useful in articulating core sociocultural beliefs relative to each case and how these antecedent associations and attitudes about an animal influence subsequent beliefs about a pest management strategy and ultimately acceptance of the management approach. The model can inform invasive species management policies and highlight key sociocultural factors likely to influence public responses. The model also informs interdisciplinary science designed to develop acceptable and socially responsible biocontrol strategies that consider public perceptions of animal welfare and cultural appropriateness.}, }
@article {pmid31249587, year = {2019}, author = {Wu, H and Ding, J}, title = {Global Change Sharpens the Double-Edged Sword Effect of Aquatic Alien Plants in China and Beyond.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {787}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00787}, pmid = {31249587}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Many alien aquatic plants are deliberately introduced because they have economic, ornamental, or environmental values; however, they may also negatively affect aquatic ecosystems, by blocking rivers, restricting aquatic animals and plants by decreasing dissolved oxygen, and reducing native biodiversity. These positive and/or negative ecological effects may be enhanced under global change. Here, we examine the impacts of global change on aquatic alien plant introduction and/or invasions by reviewing their introduction pathways, distributions, and ecological effects. We focus on how climate change, aquatic environmental pollution, and China's rapid economic growth in recent decades affect their uses and invasiveness in China. Among 55 species of alien aquatic plants in China, 10 species are invasive, such as Eichhornia crassipes, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and Pistia stratiotes. Most of these invaders were intentionally introduced and dispersed across the country but are now widely distributed and invasive. Under climate warming, many species have expanded their distributions to areas where it was originally too cold for their survival. Thus, these species are (and will be) considered to be beneficial plants in aquaculture and for the restoration of aquatic ecosystems (for water purification) across larger areas. However, for potential invasive species, climate warming is (and will be) increasing their invasion risk in more areas. In addition, nitrogen deposition and phosphorus inputs may also alter the status of some alien species. Furthermore, climate warming has shifted the interactions between alien aquatic plants and herbivores, thus impacting their future spreads. Under climate change, more precipitation in North China and more frequent flooding in South China will increase the uncertainties of ecological effects of alien aquatic plants in these regions. We also predict that, under the continuing booming economy in China, more and more alien aquatic plants will be used for aquatic landscaping and water purification. In conclusion, our study indicates that both human activities under rapid economic growth and climate change can either increase the potential uses of alien aquatic plants or make the aquatic invaders worse in China and other areas in the world. These findings are critical for future risk assessment of aquatic plant introduction and aquatic ecosystem restoration.}, }
@article {pmid30656979, year = {2018}, author = {Lane, SE and Hollings, T and Hayes, KR and McEnnulty, FR and Green, M and Georgiades, E and Robinson, AP}, title = {Risk factors for fouling biomass: evidence from small vessels in Australia.}, journal = {Biofouling}, volume = {34}, number = {9}, pages = {1032-1045}, doi = {10.1080/08927014.2018.1536202}, pmid = {30656979}, issn = {1029-2454}, mesh = {Australia ; Biodiversity ; Biofouling/*prevention &amp; control ; Biomass ; *Introduced Species ; *Paint ; Risk Factors ; *Ships ; }, abstract = {Invasive non-indigenous species (NIS) are a threat to marine biodiversity and marine reliant industries. Recreational vessels are recognised as an important vector of NIS translocation, particularly domestically. This paper reports on a novel application of multilevel modelling and multiple imputation in order to quantify the relationship between biofouling biomass (wet weight) and the vessel-level characteristics of recreational and fishing vessels. It was found that the number of days since the vessel was last cleaned strongly related to the biofouling biomass, yet differed dependent on vessel type. Similarly, the median number of trips undertaken was related to the biofouling biomass, and varied according to the type of antifouling paint (AF) used. No relationship was found between vessel size and biofouling biomass per sample unit. To reduce the spread of NIS, vessel owners should use an AF paint suitable to their vessel's operational profile, and follow a maintenance schedule according to the paint manufacturer's specifications.}, }
@article {pmid31247076, year = {2019}, author = {Chester, M}, title = {The makings of higher-order polyploids. A commentary on 'The story of promiscuous crucifers: origin and genome evolution of an invasive species, Cardamine occulta (Brassicaceae), and its relatives'.}, journal = {Annals of botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/aob/mcz109}, pmid = {31247076}, issn = {1095-8290}, }
@article {pmid31245177, year = {2019}, author = {Yang, ML and Rice, E and Leimbach-Maus, H and Partridge, CG}, title = {Identification and characterization of Gypsophila paniculata color morphs in Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, MI, USA.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {e7100}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.7100}, pmid = {31245177}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {Background: Gypsophila paniculata (baby's breath) is an invasive species found throughout much of the northwest United States and western Canada. Recently, plants exhibiting a different color morphology were identified within the coastal dunes along eastern Lake Michigan. The common baby's breath (G. paniculata) typically produces stems that are purple in color (purple morph), while the atypical morph has stems that are green-yellow (green-yellow morph). The purpose of this study was to characterize these newly identified morphs and determine if they are genetically distinct species from the common baby's breath in order to assess whether alternative management strategies should be employed to control these populations.<br><br>Methods: We sequenced two chloroplast regions, ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcL), and maturase K (matK), and one nuclear region, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), from the purple morphs and green-yellow morphs collected from Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, MI, USA (SBDNL). Sequences were aligned to reference sequences from other Gypsophila species obtained from the Barcode of Life Database and GenBank databases. We also collected seeds from wild purple morph and wild green-yellow morph plants in SBDNL. We grew the seeds in a common garden setting and characterized the proportion of green-yellow individuals produced from the two color morphs after 5-months of growth.<br><br>Results: Phylogenetic analyses based upon rbcL, matK, and ITS2 regions suggest that the two color morphs are not distinct species and they both belong to G. paniculata. Seeds collected from wild green-yellow morphs produced a significantly higher proportion of green-yellow individuals compared to the number produced by seeds collected from wild purple morphs. However, seeds collected from both color morphs produced more purple morphs than green-yellow morphs.<br><br>Discussion: Based upon these results, we propose that the two color morphs are variants of G. paniculata. Given the significant difference in the number of green-yellow morphs produced from the seeds of each morph type, we also suggest that this color difference has some genetic basis. We propose that current management continue to treat the two color morphs in a similar manner in terms of removal to prevent the further spread of this species.}, }
@article {pmid31239297, year = {2019}, author = {Plantamp, C and Henri, H and Andrieux, T and Regis, C and Mialdea, G and Dray, S and Gibert, P and Desouhant, E}, title = {Phenotypic plasticity in the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii: activity rhythms and gene expression in response to temperature.}, journal = {The Journal of experimental biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.199398}, pmid = {31239297}, issn = {1477-9145}, abstract = {Phenotypic plasticity may contribute to the invasive success of an alien species in a new environment. A higher plastic species may survive and reproduce in more diverse environments, thereby supporting establishment and colonization. We focused on plasticity in the circadian rhythm of activity, which can favour species coexistence in invasion, for the invasive species Drosophila suzukii, which is expected to be a weaker direct competitor than other Drosophila species of the resident community. We compared between the invasive D. suzukii and the resident D. melanogaster the circadian rhythms of the locomotor activity in adults and the expression of clock genes in response to temperature. We showed that D. suzukii is active in a narrower range of temperatures than D. melanogaster and that the activities of both species overlap during the day, regardless of the temperature. Both species are diurnal and exhibit rhythmic activity at dawn and dusk, with a much lower activity at dawn for D. suzukii females. Our results showed that the timeless and clock genes are good candidates to explain the plastic response that is observed in relation to temperature. Overall, our results suggest that thermal phenotypic plasticity in D. suzukii activity is not sufficient to explain the invasive success of D. suzukii and calls for testing other hypotheses, such as the release of competitors and/or predators.}, }
@article {pmid31238850, year = {2019}, author = {Garcia, RA and Clusella-Trullas, S}, title = {Thermal landscape change as a driver of ectotherm responses to plant invasions.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1905}, pages = {20191020}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.1020}, pmid = {31238850}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {A growing body of research demonstrates the impacts of invasive alien plants on native animals, but few studies consider thermal effects as a driver of the responses of native organisms. As invasive alien plants establish and alter the composition and arrangement of plant communities, the thermal landscapes available to ectotherms also change. Our study reviews the research undertaken to date on the thermal effects of alien plant invasions on native reptiles, amphibians, insects and arachnids. The 37 studies published between 1970 and early 2019 portray an overall detrimental effect of invasive plants on thermal landscapes, ectothermic individuals' performance and species abundance, diversity and composition. With a case study of a lizard species, we illustrate the use of thermal ecology tools in plant invasion research and test the generality of alien plant effects: changes in thermoregulation behaviour in invaded landscapes varied depending on the level of invasion and lizard traits. Together, the literature review and case study show that thermal effects of alien plants on ectotherms can be substantial albeit context-dependent. Further research should cover multiple combinations of native/invasive plant growth forms, invasion stages and ectotherm traits. More attention is also needed to test causality along the chain of effects from thermal landscapes to individuals, populations and communities.}, }
@article {pmid31237729, year = {2019}, author = {Li, XJ and Wu, MF and Ma, J and Gao, BY and Wu, QL and Chen, AD and Liu, J and Jiang, YY and Zhai, BP and Early, R and Chapman, JW and Hu, G}, title = {Prediction of migratory routes of the invasive fall armyworm in eastern China using a trajectory analytical approach.}, journal = {Pest management science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ps.5530}, pmid = {31237729}, issn = {1526-4998}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest from the Americas, is rapidly spreading through the Old World, and has recently invaded the Indochinese Peninsula and southern China. In the Americas, FAW migrates from winter-breeding areas in the south into summer-breeding areas throughout North America where it is a major pest of corn. Asian populations are also likely to evolve migrations into the corn-producing regions of eastern China, where they will pose a serious threat to food security.<br><br>RESULTS: To evaluate the invasion risk in eastern China, the rate of expansion and future migratory range was modelled by a trajectory simulation approach, combined with flight behaviour and meteorological data. Our results predict that FAW will migrate from its new year-round breeding regions into the two main corn-producing regions of eastern China (Huang-Huai-Hai Summer Corn and Northeast Spring Corn Regions), via two pathways. The western pathway originates in Myanmar and Yunnan, and FAW will take four migration steps (i.e. four generations) to reach the Huang-Huai-Hai Region by July. Migration along the eastern pathway from Indochina and southern China progresses faster, with FAW reaching the Huang-Huai-Hai Region in three steps by June and reaching the Northeast Spring Region in July.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that there is a high risk that FAW will invade the major corn-producing areas of eastern China via two migration pathways, and cause significant impacts to agricultural productivity. Information on migration pathways and timings can be used to inform integrated pest management strategies for this emerging pest. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31237022, year = {2019}, author = {Bebber, DP and Field, E and Gui, H and Mortimer, P and Holmes, T and Gurr, SJ}, title = {Many unreported crop pests and pathogens are probably already present.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.14698}, pmid = {31237022}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {//British Society for Plant Pathology/ ; }, abstract = {Invasive species threaten global biodiversity, food security and ecosystem function. Such incursions present challenges to agriculture where invasive species cause significant crop damage and require major economic investment to control production losses. Pest risk analysis (PRA) is key to prioritize agricultural biosecurity efforts, but is hampered by incomplete knowledge of current crop pest and pathogen distributions. Here, we develop predictive models of current pest distributions and test these models using new observations at subnational resolution. We apply generalized linear models (GLM) to estimate presence probabilities for 1,739 crop pests in the CABI pest distribution database. We test model predictions for 100 unobserved pest occurrences in the People's Republic of China (PRC), against observations of these pests abstracted from the Chinese literature. This resource has hitherto been omitted from databases on global pest distributions. Finally, we predict occurrences of all unobserved pests globally. Presence probability increases with host presence, presence in neighbouring regions, per capita GDP and global prevalence. Presence probability decreases with mean distance from coast and known host number per pest. The models are good predictors of pest presence in provinces of the PRC, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.75-0.76. Large numbers of currently unobserved, but probably present pests (defined here as unreported pests with a predicted presence probability >0.75), are predicted in China, India, southern Brazil and some countries of the former USSR. We show that GLMs can predict presences of pseudoabsent pests at subnational resolution. The Chinese literature has been largely inaccessible to Western academia but contains important information that can support PRA. Prior studies have often assumed that unreported pests in a global distribution database represent a true absence. Our analysis provides a method for quantifying pseudoabsences to enable improved PRA and species distribution modelling.}, }
@article {pmid31236254, year = {2019}, author = {Selechnik, D and Richardson, MF and Shine, R and Brown, GP and Rollins, LA}, title = {Immune and environment-driven gene expression during invasion: An eco-immunological application of RNA-Seq.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {11}, pages = {6708-6721}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5249}, pmid = {31236254}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Host-pathogen associations change rapidly during a biological invasion and are predicted to impose strong selection on immune function. It has been proposed that the invader may experience an abrupt reduction in pathogen-mediated selection (&quot;enemy release&quot;), thereby favoring decreased investment into &quot;costly&quot; immune responses. Across plants and animals, there is mixed support for this prediction. Pathogens are not the only form of selection imposed on invaders; differences in abiotic environmental conditions between native and introduced ranges are also expected to drive rapid evolution. Here, we use RNA-Seq to assess the expression patterns of immune and environmentally associated genes in the cane toad (Rhinella marina) across its invasive Australian range. Transcripts encoding mediators of costly immune responses (inflammation, cytotoxicity) showed a curvilinear relationship with invasion history, with highest expression in toads from oldest and newest colonized areas. This pattern is surprising given theoretical expectations of density dynamics in invasive species and may be because density influences both intraspecific competition and parasite transmission, generating conflicting effects on the strength of immune responses. Alternatively, this expression pattern may be the result of other evolutionary forces, such as spatial sorting and genetic drift, working simultaneously with natural selection. Our findings do not support predictions about immune function based on the enemy release hypothesis and suggest instead that the effects of enemy release are difficult to isolate in wild populations, especially in the absence of information regarding parasite and pathogen infection. Additionally, expression patterns of genes underlying putatively environmentally associated traits are consistent with previous genetic studies, providing further support that Australian cane toads have adapted to novel abiotic challenges.}, }
@article {pmid31236232, year = {2019}, author = {Gonthier, J and Papach, A and Straub, L and Campbell, JW and Williams, GR and Neumann, P}, title = {Bees and flowers: How to feed an invasive beetle species.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {11}, pages = {6422-6432}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5217}, pmid = {31236232}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Invasive species may exploit a wide range of food sources, thereby fostering their success and hampering mitigation, but the actual degree of opportunism is often unknown. The small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida, is a parasite of honeybee colonies endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. SHBs have now spread on all habitable continents and can also infest colonies of other social bees. To date, the possible role of solitary bee nests as alternative hosts is unknown. Similarly, flowers as possible alternative food sources are not well understood. Here, we show that SHBs can complete an entire life cycle in association with nests of solitary bees Megachile rotundata. The data also show that flowers can serve as alternative food sources. These results support the opportunistic nature of this invasive species, thereby generating further obstacles for mitigation efforts in the field. It also suggests that SHB invasions may result in more serious consequences for endemic bee fauna than previously thought. This provides further motivation to slow down the global spread of this pest, and to improve its management in areas, where it is established.}, }
@article {pmid31236217, year = {2019}, author = {Lishawa, SC and Lawrence, BA and Albert, DA and Larkin, DJ and Tuchman, NC}, title = {Invasive species removal increases species and phylogenetic diversity of wetland plant communities.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {11}, pages = {6231-6244}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5188}, pmid = {31236217}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Plant invasions result in biodiversity losses and altered ecological functions, though quantifying loss of multiple ecosystem functions presents a research challenge. Plant phylogenetic diversity correlates with a range of ecosystem functions and can be used as a proxy for ecosystem multifunctionality. Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands are ideal systems for testing invasive species management effects because they support diverse biological communities, provide numerous ecosystem services, and are increasingly dominated by invasive macrophytes. Invasive cattails are among the most widespread and abundant of these taxa. We conducted a three-year study in two Great Lakes wetlands, testing the effects of a gradient of cattail removal intensities (mowing, harvest, complete biomass removal) within two vegetation zones (emergent marsh and wet meadow) on plant taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. To evaluate native plant recovery potential, we paired this with a seed bank emergence study that quantified diversity metrics in each zone under experimentally manipulated hydroperiods. Pretreatment, we found that wetland zones had distinct plant community composition. Wet meadow seed banks had greater taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity than emergent marsh seed banks, and high-water treatments tended to inhibit diversity by reducing germination. Aboveground harvesting of cattails and their litter increased phylogenetic diversity and species richness in both zones, more than doubling richness compared to unmanipulated controls. In the wet meadow, harvesting shifted the community toward an early successional state, favoring seed bank germination from early seral species, whereas emergent marsh complete removal treatments shifted the community toward an aquatic condition, favoring floating-leaved plants. Removing cattails and their litter increased taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity across water levels, a key environmental gradient, thereby potentially increasing the multifunctionality of these ecosystems. Killing invasive wetland macrophytes but leaving their biomass in situ does not address their underlying mechanism of dominance and is less effective than more intensive treatments that also remove their litter.}, }
@article {pmid31236214, year = {2019}, author = {Sodhi, DS and Livingstone, SW and Carboni, M and Cadotte, MW}, title = {Plant invasion alters trait composition and diversity across habitats.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {11}, pages = {6199-6210}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5130}, pmid = {31236214}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Increased globalization has accelerated the movement of species around the world. Many of these nonnative species have the potential to profoundly alter ecosystems. The mechanisms underpinning this impact are often poorly understood, and traits are often overlooked when trying to understand and predict the impacts of species invasions on communities. We conducted an observational field experiment in Canada's first National Urban Park, where we collected trait data for seven different functional traits (height, stem width, specific leaf area, leaf percent nitrogen, and leaf percent carbon) across an abundance gradient of the invasive Vincetoxicum rossicum in open meadow and understory habitats. We assessed invasion impacts on communities, and associated mechanisms, by examining three complementary functional trait measures: community-weighted mean, range of trait values, and species' distances to the invader in trait space. We found that V. rossicum invasion significantly altered the functional structure of herbaceous plant communities. In both habitats V. rossicum changed the community-weighted means, causing invaded communities to become increasingly similar in their functional structure. In addition, V. rossicum also reduced the trait ranges for a majority of traits indicating that species are being deterministically excluded in invaded communities. Further, we observed different trends in the meadow and understory habitats: In the understory, resident species that were more similar to V. rossicum in multivariate trait space were excluded more, however this was not the case in the meadow habitat. This suggests that V. rossicum alters communities uniquely in each habitat, in part by creating a filter in which only certain resident species are able to persist. This filtering process causes a nonrandom reduction in species' abundances, which in turn would be expected to alter how the invaded ecosystems function. Using trait-based frameworks leads to better understanding and prediction of invasion impacts. This novel framework can also be used in restoration practices to understand how invasion impacts communities and to reassemble communities after invasive species management.}, }
@article {pmid31235806, year = {2019}, author = {Louppe, V and Leroy, B and Herrel, A and Veron, G}, title = {Current and future climatic regions favourable for a globally introduced wild carnivore, the raccoon Procyon lotor.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {9174}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-45713-y}, pmid = {31235806}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Invasive species are considered as one of the major threats to biodiversity and represent a major challenge in the conservation of natural ecosystems, in preventing damage to agricultural production, and human health risks. Environmental Niche Modelling has emerged as a powerful tool to predict the patterns of range expansion of non-native species and to direct effective strategies for managing biological invasions. The raccoon, Procyon lotor, is a wild mesocarnivore presenting a high adaptability and showing successful introduced populations worldwide. Here, we modelled the current and future climatically favourable areas for the raccoon using two protocols, based on data sets filtrated in geographic and environmental spaces. Projections from these models show extensive current favourable geographical areas covering extensive regions of temperate biomes. Moreover, predictions for 2050 reveals extensive new favourable areas north of the current favourable regions. However, the results of the two modeling approaches differ in the extent of predicted favourable spaces. Protocols using geographically filtered data present more conservative forecasts, while protocol using environmental filtration presents forecasts across greater areas. Given the biological characteristics and the ecological requirements of a generalist carnivore such as the raccoon, the latter forecasts appears more relevant and should be privileged in the development of conservation plans for ecosystems.}, }
@article {pmid31235309, year = {2019}, author = {Bonacic, C and Almuna, R and Ibarra, JT}, title = {Biodiversity Conservation Requires Management of Feral Domestic Animals.}, journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2019.05.002}, pmid = {31235309}, issn = {1872-8383}, abstract = {The proliferation of feral domestic animals (FDAs) has been favored by human-induced landscape changes, a world population becoming increasingly urban, and by inappropriate management of domestic animals. Here, we describe the impact of FDAs and the opposing views in societies that affect the decision-making process and management actions. We provide general recommendations for the participatory management of this emerging threat to biodiversity and rural ecosystems.}, }
@article {pmid30981037, year = {2019}, author = {Olivares-Ferretti, P and Hernandez, K and Peredo-Parada, M and Chavez, V and Carmona, E and Astuya, A and Parodi, J}, title = {Polyphenols obtained from Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) Schmith altered the viability and proliferation of salmonids cells lines SHK-1 and CHSE-214.}, journal = {Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)}, volume = {211}, number = {}, pages = {141-147}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.03.022}, pmid = {30981037}, issn = {1879-1514}, mesh = {Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation/*drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Chile ; Diatoms/*chemistry ; Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; Models, Theoretical ; Polyphenols/isolation &amp; purification/*toxicity ; Rivers/chemistry ; *Salmonidae ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation &amp; purification/*toxicity ; }, abstract = {Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) Schmidt, also referred to as Didymo, is an invasive diatom that forms nuisance mats. Since it was first reported in our country in approximately 2010, Didymo has expanded and colonized different rivers in the Zona Austral region of Chile. Its biology and effects on ecosystems are still being studied because Didymo is an invasive algal mat that forms in a range of systems from oligotrophic austral rivers to more subtropical systems. We aimed to evaluate the viability of two salmonid cell lines, CHSE-214 and SHK-1 (somatic and embryonic cell lines, respectively), in dilutions of river water alone and in river water contaminated with Didymo or polyphenols extracted from Didymo under controlled conditions. We developed an artificial river system (2 aquariums/replicate) from five different rivers from the central area (Bio-Bio) and Patagonia area (Futaleufú) of Chile to maintain Didymo in the benthic phase. The Didymo populations were maintained for six months in the water from the rivers, after which samples were obtained. Following the extraction of polyphenols from the Didymo samples maintained in the artificial rivers, toxicity assays (10 assays) were performed to determine cell viability. Our results indicated that the CHSE-214 cells were highly sensitive to increasing concentrations of Didymo extracts. We observed a 50% reduction in cell viability after 24 h of exposure to a 0.01 V/V dilution, and this treatment further reduced the proliferative capacity by 70% after 120 h. The SHK-1 cells were less responsive, showing only a 20% decrease in viability at 24 h and a lower cell proliferation rate (45%) after 120 h, which remained higher than that of the CHSE-214 cells. We conclude that certain cell types are sensitive to Didymo in rivers, suggesting that there are chronic effects on several aquatic species following exposure to these diatom substances. These effects should be further studied using this laboratory model to understand the full impact of Didymo on river ecosystems.}, }
@article {pmid30506975, year = {2019}, author = {Gutiérrez, Y and Bacca, T and Zambrano, LS and Pineda, M and Guedes, RN}, title = {Trade-off and adaptive cost in a multiple-resistant strain of the invasive potato tuber moth Tecia solanivora.}, journal = {Pest management science}, volume = {75}, number = {6}, pages = {1655-1662}, doi = {10.1002/ps.5283}, pmid = {30506975}, issn = {1526-4998}, support = {//Universidad de Nariño (Vicerectoría de Investigaciones)/ ; }, mesh = {*Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Insecticide Resistance ; *Introduced Species ; Larva/physiology ; Moths/*physiology ; Time Factors ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Resistance to pesticides is an evolutionary process that entails, in most cases, substantial consequences to the biology of the resistant populations. In this study we focus on the life history traits of the potato tuber moth Tecia solanivora, an invasive and voracious pest for which resistance to pyrethroid insecticides was recently reported. Marginally resistant and multiple-resistant populations were selected from eight sampled localities in Colombia; the use of a fully susceptible population was not possible since none was recognized in the laboratory or field. The multiple-resistant Siachoque population exhibited a 42-fold resistance to the carbamate insecticide carbofuran, and low levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos, a trend observed in six of the eight tested populations. This population also exhibits 24-fold resistance to permethrin. The marginally resistant population of Gualmatán showed 4-fold resistance to chlorpyrifos.<br><br>RESULTS: The multiple-resistant population exhibited a 3.8-day shorter developmental time than the susceptible population, but with higher larval mortality. The peak of egg-laying was delayed in the resistant population in 9 days and the population growth rate was lower than that of the susceptible population.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that the short developmental time of the multiple-resistant population may be an adaptation to minimize exposure to insecticides, which are applied to the soil. This adaptation is likely to require the surviving adults to compensate for the smaller nutrient amounts accumulated by the larvae in investing part of its adult life in securing the necessary resources for late-life egg production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.}, }
@article {pmid30488535, year = {2019}, author = {Tang, J and Li, J and Lu, H and Lu, F and Lu, B}, title = {Potential distribution of an invasive pest, Euplatypus parallelus, in China as predicted by Maxent.}, journal = {Pest management science}, volume = {75}, number = {6}, pages = {1630-1637}, doi = {10.1002/ps.5280}, pmid = {30488535}, issn = {1526-4998}, support = {2018YFD0201100//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 1630042017015//Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/ ; //Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Institute of Environment and Plant Protection/ ; 2017hzs1J003//Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/ ; 2130108//Crop Diseases, Pests and Rats Monitoring and Controlling Funds of China/ ; ZDYF2016031//Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province/ ; }, mesh = {Animals ; China ; Environment ; Introduced Species/*statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Models, Statistical ; Pest Control ; *Weevils ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Euplatypus parallelus is a highly polyphagous invasive pest native to Central and South America. In recent years it has invaded many countries in Africa and Asia and resulted in considerable economic loss. In China it has been reported to have invaded Taiwan, and been also recorded in Hainan Province. Until now there has been no invasion into the mainland. In order to better manage this invasive pest, here we predicted the suitable area of E. parallelus in China by the Maxent model.<br><br>RESULTS: The Maxent model predicted the potential distribution of E. parallelus with a test AUC value of 0.962 and a training AUC value of 0.978. Temperature seasonality (Bio_04), annual temperature range (Bio_07), annual precipitation (Bio_12) and mean temperature of the coldest quarter (Bio_11) were the strongest predictors of E. parallelus distribution with 32.1%, 19.8%, 15% and 10.4% contributions, respectively. The potential suitable area for E. parallelus was mainly distributed in the southeastern coast, the southwestern border, and Taiwan and Hainan provinces in China, and the highly suitable areas were located in the northern coast of Hainan Province and the southwestern coast of Taiwan Province. This pest prefers a stable, warm and rainy climate, which indicates that tropics and subtropics would be its ideal area.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Euplatypus parallelus has invaded Hainan and Taiwan in China. Measures should be taken to prevent it from spreading on these two islands. Moreover, strict quarantine, biological study and control measures are necessary to block its spread, invasion and damage, especially in these climate-suitable areas. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.}, }
@article {pmid30013163, year = {2018}, author = {Lu, X and He, M and Ding, J and Siemann, E}, title = {Latitudinal variation in soil biota: testing the biotic interaction hypothesis with an invasive plant and a native congener.}, journal = {The ISME journal}, volume = {12}, number = {12}, pages = {2811-2822}, pmid = {30013163}, issn = {1751-7370}, mesh = {Amaranthaceae/growth &amp; development/*microbiology/parasitology ; Animals ; Bacteria ; *Biota ; China ; Climate ; Coleoptera/*physiology ; Fungi/physiology ; Geography ; Introduced Species ; Nematoda/physiology ; Plant Diseases/microbiology/parasitology ; Rhizosphere ; Seeds/growth &amp; development/microbiology/parasitology ; Soil/*parasitology ; *Soil Microbiology ; }, abstract = {Soil biota community structure can change with latitude, but the effects of changes on native plants, invasive plants, and their herbivores remain unclear. Here, we examined latitudinal variation in the soil biota community associated with the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener A. sessilis, and the effects of soil biota community variation on these plants and the beetle Agasicles hygrophila. We characterized the soil bacterial and fungal communities and root-knot nematodes of plant rhizospheres collected from 22 °N to 36.6 °N in China. Soil biota community structure changed with latitude as a function of climate and soil properties. Root-knot nematode abundance and potential soil fungal pathogen diversity (classified with FUNGuild) decreased with latitude, apparently due to higher soil pH and lower temperatures. A greenhouse experiment and lab bioassay showed native plant mass, seed production, and mass of beetles fed native foliage increased with soil collection latitude. However, there were no latitudinal patterns for the invasive plant. These results suggest that invasive and native plants and, consequently, their herbivores have different responses to latitudinal changes in soil-borne enemies, potentially creating spatial variation in enemy release or biotic resistance. This highlights the importance of linking above- and below-ground multitrophic interactions to explore the role of soil biota in non-native plant invasions with a biogeographic approach.}, }
@article {pmid29021562, year = {2017}, author = {Wen, P and Cheng, YN and Dong, SH and Wang, ZW and Tan, K and Nieh, JC}, title = {The sex pheromone of a globally invasive honey bee predator, the Asian eusocial hornet, Vespa velutina.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {12956}, pmid = {29021562}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Animal Structures/drug effects/metabolism ; Animals ; Bees/*physiology ; Female ; *Introduced Species ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Predatory Behavior/*drug effects ; Sex Attractants/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Wasps/*physiology ; Weather ; }, abstract = {The Asian hornet, Vespa velutina, is an invasive, globally-distributed predator of European honey bees and other insects. To better under its reproductive biology and to find a specific, effective, and low-impact control method for this species, we identified and tested the key compounds in V. velutina sex pheromone. Virgin gynes (reproductive females) produced this sex pheromone in the sixth intersegmental sternal glands of their abdomens. The active compounds were 4-oxo-octanoic acid (4-OOA, 10.4 μg bee-1) and 4-oxo-decanoic acid (4-ODA, 13.3 μg bee-1) at a 0.78 ratio of 4-OOA/4-ODA. We synthesized these compounds and showed that male antennae were highly sensitive to them. Moreover, males were only strongly attracted to a 4-OOA/4-ODA blend at the natural ratio produced by gynes. These results provide the first demonstration of an effective way to lure V. velutina males, and the first chemical identification of a sex pheromone in the eusocial hornets.}, }
@article {pmid31234233, year = {2019}, author = {Nunez-Mir, GC and Guo, Q and Rejmánek, M and Iannone, BV and Fei, S}, title = {Predicting invasiveness of exotic woody species using a traits-based framework.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e02797}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2797}, pmid = {31234233}, issn = {1939-9170}, abstract = {Identifying potentially invasive species and preventing their introduction and establishment are of critical importance in invasion ecology and land management. Although an extensive body of research has been dedicated to identifying traits that confer invasiveness, our current knowledge is still often inconclusive due to limitations in geographic extent and/or scope of traits analyzed. Here, using a comprehensive set of 45 traits, we performed a case study of invasive traits displayed by exotic woody plants in the United States (U.S.) by comparing 63 invasive and 794 non-invasive exotic woody plant species naturalized across the country. We found that invasive woody species often bear the following two key traits: vegetative reproduction and long-distance seed dispersal (via water, birds or mammals). Boosted classification tree models based on these traits accurately predicted species invasiveness (86% accuracy on average). Presented findings provide a generalized understanding of the relative importance of functional traits in identifying potentially invasive woody species in the U.S. The knowledge generated in this study can be used to improve current classification systems of non-native woody plants used by various U.S. governmental agencies and land managers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31233636, year = {2019}, author = {Dobelmann, J and Alexander, A and Baty, JW and Gemmell, NJ and Gruber, MAM and Quinn, O and Wenseleers, T and Lesterv, PJ}, title = {The association between mitochondrial genetic variation and reduced colony fitness in an invasive wasp.}, journal = {Molecular ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/mec.15159}, pmid = {31233636}, issn = {1365-294X}, abstract = {Despite the mitochondrion's long recognised role in energy production, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation commonly found in natural populations was assumed to be effectively neutral. However, variation in mtDNA has now been increasingly linked to phenotypic variation in life-history traits and fitness. We examined whether the relative fitness in native and invasive common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) populations in Belgium and New Zealand (NZ), respectively, can be linked to mtDNA variation. Social wasp colonies in NZ were smaller with comparatively fewer queen cells, indicating a reduced relative fitness in the invaded range. Interestingly, queen cells in this population were significantly larger leading to larger queen offspring. By sequencing 1872 bp of the mitochondrial genome we determined mitochondrial haplotypes and detected reduced genetic diversity in NZ. Three common haplotypes in NZ frequently produced many queens, whereas the four rare haplotypes produced significantly fewer or no queens. The entire mitochondrial genome for each of these haplotypes was sequenced to identify polymorphisms associated with fitness reduction. We found 16 variable sites, however, no non-synonymous mutation that was clearly causing impaired mitochondrial function was detected. We discuss how detected variants may alter secondary structures, gene expression or mito-nuclear interactions, or could be associated with nuclear-encoded variation. Whatever the ultimate mechanism, we show reduced fitness and mtDNA variation in an invasive wasp population as well as specific mtDNA variants associated with fitness variation within this population. Ours is one of only a few studies that confirm fitness impacts of mtDNA variation in wild non-model populations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31233614, year = {2019}, author = {Esch, EH and Lipson, D and Cleland, EE}, title = {Invasion and drought alter phenological sensitivity and synergistically lower ecosystem production.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e02802}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2802}, pmid = {31233614}, issn = {1939-9170}, abstract = {Climate change and shifting species composition have influenced ecosystem-scale phenology worldwide. For instance, invasive plant species have greater vegetation phenological sensitivity to climate change than native plant species in some regions, and hence invasion could modify how ecosystem carbon gain responds to increased drought frequencies expected with climate change. Results from a four-year drought experiment show that invasion reduced ecosystem potential for carbon gain via increased sensitivity to reduced rainfall. Using canopy greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) as a proxy for potential ecosystem carbon gain we show that areas invaded by herbaceous species had up to a 70% reduction in maximum NDVI under severe drought conditions as compared to areas dominated by native shrubs. Phenological differences between herbaceous- and shrub- dominated vegetation contributed to this reduction in potential ecosystem carbon gain because invaded areas had delayed green-up, especially under drought conditions, while shrubs senescence was accelerated by drought. Hence, invasion by herbaceous species and increased drought frequencies are likely to act synergistically to reduce ecosystem capacity for carbon gain in this system. Our findings suggest that predicting ecosystem responses to future climate change could be improved by projecting of the spread of invasive species and accounting for phenological variation between native and invading species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31232325, year = {2019}, author = {Joyce, PWS and Cuthbert, RN and Kregting, L and Crane, K and Vong, GYW and Cunningham, EM and Dick, JTA and Coughlan, NE}, title = {Stay clean: direct steam exposure to manage biofouling risks.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {142}, number = {}, pages = {465-469}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.011}, pmid = {31232325}, issn = {1879-3363}, abstract = {Biofouling by marine organisms can result in a variety of negative environmental and economic consequences, with decontamination procedures remaining problematic, costly and labour-intensive. Here, we examined the efficacy of direct steam exposure to induce mortality of selected biofouling species: Mytilus edulis; Magallana gigas; Semibalanus balanoides; Fucus vesiculosus; and an Ulva sp. Total mortality occurred at 60-sec of steam exposure for M. edulis and juvenile M. gigas, at 30-sec for S. balanoides, while 300-sec was required for adult M. gigas. Application of steam reduced the biomass of F. vesiculosus and significantly reduced Ulva sp. biomass, with complete degradation being observed for Ulva sp. following 120-sec of exposure. Accordingly, it appears that steam exposure can cause mortality of biofouling organisms through thermal shock. Although preliminary, our novel and promising results suggest that steam applications could potentially be used to decontaminate niche areas and equipment.}, }
@article {pmid31232304, year = {2019}, author = {Lattuada, M and Albrecht, C and Wilke, T}, title = {Differential impact of anthropogenic pressures on Caspian Sea ecoregions.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {142}, number = {}, pages = {274-281}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.046}, pmid = {31232304}, issn = {1879-3363}, abstract = {Over the past decades, overall ecological conditions in the Caspian Sea have deteriorated. However, a comprehensive understanding of lake-wide spatial differences in anthropogenic pressures is lacking and the biological consequences of human impacts are poorly understood. This paper therefore aims at assessing the individual and combined effects of critical anthropogenic pressures on the Caspian Sea ecoregions. First, cumulative pressure scores were calculated with a cumulative environmental assessment (CEA) analysis. Then, the individual contribution of anthropogenic pressures was quantified. Finally, ecoregion-specific differences were assessed. The analyses show that both cumulative and individual pressure scores are unevenly distributed across the Caspian Sea. The most important individual pressures are invasive species, chemical pollution and poaching. This uneven distribution of pressure scores across Caspian Sea ecoregions creates new challenges for future conservation strategies, as different ecoregions usually require different conservation measures.}, }
@article {pmid31230219, year = {2019}, author = {Plank, MJ and Stringer, N and Lamoureaux, SL and Bourdôt, GW and James, A}, title = {Limiting Effect of Self-Shading on the Height of Tradescantia fluminensis Mats.}, journal = {Bulletin of mathematical biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11538-019-00631-y}, pmid = {31230219}, issn = {1522-9602}, support = {C09X0905//Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment/ ; }, abstract = {Tradescantia fluminensis is an invasive plant species in New Zealand, Australia and parts of the USA. It reproduces vegetatively and can grow to form dense mats up to 60 cm deep. Growth is limited by available light, and shading is one of the few effective methods of control. In this paper, we develop a dynamic model of a vertical cross section of a T. fluminensis mat, capturing vertical variation in its biomass and internal light intensity. We measure both variables at different heights in experimental mats of the species and use these data to parameterize the model. The model produces realistic vertical biomass and light intensity profiles. We show that the mat grows to a steady-state biomass that depends only on: (i) the light absorption coefficient, which we estimate from experimental data and (ii) the ratio of photosynthesis to respiration rate. This steady state undergoes a transcritical bifurcation; when the ambient light intensity falls below a critical level, the biomass shrinks to zero and the mat cannot survive.}, }
@article {pmid30051826, year = {2018}, author = {Arredondo, TM and Marchini, GL and Cruzan, MB}, title = {Evidence for human-mediated range expansion and gene flow in an invasive grass.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {285}, number = {1882}, pages = {}, pmid = {30051826}, issn = {1471-2954}, mesh = {Brachypodium/*genetics/physiology ; *Gene Flow ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Introduced Species ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Dynamics ; Regression Analysis ; Seed Dispersal ; }, abstract = {Cities and adjacent regions represent foci of intense human activity and provide unique opportunities for studying human-mediated dispersal and gene flow. We examined the effect of landscape features on gene flow in the invasive grass Brachypodium sylvaticum across an urban-rural interface at the edge of its expanding range. We used genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism surveys of individuals from 22 locations. Resistance surfaces were created for each landscape feature, using ResistanceGA to optimize resistance parameters. Our Structure analysis identified three distinct clusters, and diversity analyses support the existence of at least three local introductions. Multiple regression on distance matrices showed no evidence that development, roads, canopy cover or agriculture had a significant influence on genetic distance in B. sylvaticum Geographical distance was a mediocre predictor of genetic distance and reflected geographical clustering. The model of rivers acting as a conduit explained a large portion of variation in genetic distance, but the lack of evidence of directional gene flow eliminated hydrochory as a dispersal mechanism. These results and observations of the distribution of populations in disturbed sites indicate that the influence of rivers on patterns of dispersal of B. sylvaticum probably reflects seed dispersal due to human recreational activity.}, }
@article {pmid30051824, year = {2018}, author = {Pantoja, PO and Paine, CET and Vallejo-Marín, M}, title = {Natural selection and outbreeding depression suggest adaptive differentiation in the invasive range of a clonal plant.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {285}, number = {1882}, pages = {}, pmid = {30051824}, issn = {1471-2954}, mesh = {*Adaptation, Biological ; Biological Evolution ; Flowers/genetics/physiology ; Introduced Species ; Mimulus/genetics/*physiology ; Phenotype ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; }, abstract = {Analyses of phenotypic selection and demography in field populations are powerful ways to establishing the potential role of natural selection in shaping evolution during biological invasions. Here we use experimental F2 crosses between native and introduced populations of Mimulus guttatus to estimate the pattern of natural selection in part of its introduced range, and to seek evidence of outbreeding depression of colonists. The F2s combined the genome of an introduced population with the genome of either native or introduced populations. We found that the introduced × introduced cross had the fastest population growth rate owing to increased winter survival, clonality and seed production. Our analysis also revealed that selection through sexual fitness favoured large floral displays, large vegetative and flower size, lateral spread and early flowering. Our results indicate a source-of-origin effect, consistent with outbreeding depression exposed by mating between introduced and native populations. Our findings suggest that well-established non-native populations may pay a high fitness cost during subsequent bouts of admixture with native populations, and reveal that processes such as local adaptation in the invasive range can mediate the fitness consequences of admixture.}, }
@article {pmid31227931, year = {2019}, author = {Wickham, P and Singh, L and Pandey, P and Lesmeister, S and Gilbert, P and Kwong, M and Caudill, J and O'Brien, J and Biswas, S and Teh, S}, title = {Development of extraction and detection method for fluridone in water and sediment by HPLC-UV.}, journal = {AMB Express}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {90}, doi = {10.1186/s13568-019-0807-4}, pmid = {31227931}, issn = {2191-0855}, abstract = {Fluridone is widely used as a herbicide for controlling invasive aquatic plants such as hydrilla in surface water bodies. When applied on surface waters fluridone can attach to bed sediment, requiring rigorous extraction methods prior to analysis. Currently, very limited information exists in terms of fluridone residue detection in delta sediment. In this study, we researched fluridone detection in both water and sediment. To extract fluridone from sediment, here we have tested two extraction methods: (1) a rotavapor method (RM); and (2) a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method (QM). The extraction results of RM were compared with those of QM. To quantify fluridone concentrations in extracts, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV detector was used. HPLC separation was achieved using an Allure C18 5 µm 150 × 4.6 mm column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water (60:40, v/v). The UV detector was operated at 237 nm. The method was tested and validated using a series of water and sediment samples taken from Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California. The average recovery of fluridone was 73% and 78% using RM and QM respectively. The proposed method can be used for testing fluridone in water and sediment samples.}, }
@article {pmid31227552, year = {2019}, author = {He, J and Dai, Q and Qi, Y and Su, P and Huang, M and Ke, C and Feng, D}, title = {Bacterial nucleobases synergistically induce larval settlement and metamorphosis in the invasive mussel Mytilopsis sallei.}, journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1128/AEM.01039-19}, pmid = {31227552}, issn = {1098-5336}, abstract = {Marine bacterial biofilms have long been recognized as potential inducers of larval settlement and metamorphosis in marine invertebrates, but few chemical cues from bacteria have been identified. Here, we show that larval settlement and metamorphosis of an invasive fouling mussel Mytilopsis sallei could be induced by biofilms of bacteria isolated from its adult shells and other substrates from the natural environment. One of the strains isolated, Vibrio owensii MS-9 showed strong inducing activity which was attributed to the release of a mixture of nucleobases, including uracil, thymine, xanthine, hypoxanthine and guanine into seawater. In particular the synergistic effect of hypoxanthine and guanine was sufficient for the inducing activity of V. owensii MS-9. The presence of two or three other nucleobases could enhance to some extent, the activity of the mixture of hypoxanthine and guanine. Furthermore, we determined that bacteria producing higher concentrations of nucleobases were more likely to induce larval settlement and metamorphosis of M. sallei The present study demonstrates that bacterial nucleobases play an important role in larval settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrates. This provides new insights into our understanding of the role of environmental bacteria in the colonization and aggregation of invasive fouling organisms, and of the metabolites used as chemical mediators in cross-kingdom communication within aquatic systems.Importance Invasive species are an increasingly serious problem globally. In aquatic ecosystems, invasive dreissenid mussels are well-known ecological and economic pests because they appear to effortlessly invade new environments and foul submerged structures with high-density aggregations. To efficiently control the exotic mussel recruitment and colonization, the need to investigate the mechanisms of substrates selection for larval settlement and metamorphosis is apparent. Our work is one of very few to experimentally demonstrate that compounds produced by environmental bacteria play an important role in larval settlement and metamorphosis in marine invertebrates. Additionally, this study demonstrates that bacterial nucleobases can be used as chemical mediators in cross-kingdom communication within aquatic systems, which will enhance our understanding of how microbes induce larval settlement and metamorphosis of dreissenid mussels, and furthermore, may allow the development of new methods for application in antifouling.}, }
@article {pmid31222417, year = {2019}, author = {Herlihy, AT and Sifneos, JC and Lomnicky, GA and Nahlik, AM and Kentula, ME and Magee, TK and Weber, MH and Trebitz, AS}, title = {The response of wetland quality indicators to human disturbance indicators across the United States.}, journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment}, volume = {191}, number = {Suppl 1}, pages = {296}, doi = {10.1007/s10661-019-7323-5}, pmid = {31222417}, issn = {1573-2959}, abstract = {We analyzed data from 1138 wetland sites across the conterminous United States (US) as part of the 2011 National Wetland Condition Assessment (NWCA) to investigate the response of indicators of wetland quality to indicators of human disturbance at regional and continental scales. The strength and nature of these relationships in wetlands have rarely been examined over large regions, due to the paucity of large-scale datasets. Wetland response indicators were a multimetric index of vegetation condition (VMMI), percent relative cover of alien plant species, soil lead and phosphorus, and water column total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Site-level disturbance indices were generated from field observations of disturbance types within a circular 140-m radius area around the sample point. Summary indices were calculated representing disturbances for ditching, damming, filling/erosion, hardening, vegetation replacement, and vegetation removal. Landscape-level disturbance associated with agricultural and urban land cover, roads, and human population were based on GIS data layers quantified in 200, 500, and 1000-m circular buffers around each sample point. Among these three buffer sizes, the landscape disturbance indicators were highly correlated and had similar relationships with the response indictors. Consequently, only the 1000-m buffer data were used for subsequent analyses. Disturbance-response models built using only landscape- or only site-level disturbance variables generally explained a small portion of the variance in the response variables (R2 < 0.2), whereas models using both types of disturbance data were better at predicting wetland responses. The VMMI was the response variable with the strongest relationship to the disturbances assessed in the NWCA (national model R2 = 0.251). National multiple regression models for the soil and water chemistry and percent alien cover responses to disturbance indices were not significant. The generally low percentage of significant models and the wide variation in predictor variables suggests that stressor-response relationships vary considerably across the diversity of wetland types and landscape settings found across the conterminous US. Logistic regression modeling was more informative, resulting in significant national and regional models predicting site presence/absence of alien species and/or the concentration of lead in wetland soils above background.}, }
@article {pmid30999100, year = {2019}, author = {Cano-Rocabayera, O and de Sostoa, A and Coll, L and Maceda-Veiga, A}, title = {Managing small, highly prolific invasive aquatic species: Exploring an ecosystem approach for the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki).}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {673}, number = {}, pages = {594-604}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.460}, pmid = {30999100}, issn = {1879-1026}, mesh = {Animals ; Aquatic Organisms ; Cyprinodontiformes ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Female ; Introduced Species/*statistics &amp; numerical data ; Male ; Spain ; }, abstract = {Invasive exotic species threaten native biodiversity worldwide and their management is on the agenda of an increasing number of countries. We explored the potential of an ecosystem approach for the natural control of Gambusia holbrooki, which is among the most pernicious and widely distributed fish invaders. Individual-based linear mixed models were used to identify the ecosystem factors (conspecific density, environment and piscivorous birds) that most influenced life-history variation in male and female G. holbrooki (N = 654). All traits (body condition, growth, length, gonad weight, offspring size and number, real and potential fertility) were associated with at least one ecosystem factor from the 18 water bodies surveyed in north-eastern Spain. Models for female reproductive traits had the highest fit (R2 = 0.89) and those for body condition in both sexes the lowest (0.12). The life history of G. holbrooki was mostly affected by its density; increasing offspring number at the expense of offspring size at the sites with the highest fish density. Weaker effects on G. holbrooki life history were observed for the abundance of piscivorous birds and water-quality conditions, including turbidity and nutrient concentrations. Although effects were not consistent between traits, outputs supported that G. holbrooki has a wide tolerance to changes in water quality. Therefore, actions based solely on environmental changes within the range tested probably will fail in reducing the proliferation of G. holbrooki, especially if its body condition improved at the most naturalised sites. Overall, this study suggests that the management of G. holbrooki using ecologically sound treatments is likely to be very difficult in stagnant waters. Preventing new introductions and direct removal once established are the most appropriate actions for the management of this small, highly prolific fish invader.}, }
@article {pmid30995584, year = {2019}, author = {Sun, H and Jiang, J and Cui, L and Feng, W and Wang, Y and Zhang, J}, title = {Soil organic carbon stabilization mechanisms in a subtropical mangrove and salt marsh ecosystems.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {673}, number = {}, pages = {502-510}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.122}, pmid = {30995584}, issn = {1879-1026}, mesh = {Carbon ; *Carbon Cycle ; Climate Change ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Introduced Species ; Microbiota ; Soil/chemistry ; *Wetlands ; }, abstract = {Mangrove and salt marsh ecosystems are one of the most productive ecosystems in terrestrial ecosystems, playing an important role in global carbon (C) cycling. The anaerobic condition in coastal wetland usually impedes the decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the intrinsic stabilization mechanisms of SOC other than environmental factors are poorly understood in coastal wetland. In this paper, we investigated the relative contribution of mineral association and chemical compounds in maintaining the stabilization of SOC in the mangrove/salt marsh ecotone, and how the microbial community is involved in the stabilization. From NMR spectroscopy, we found that the SOC molecular structure of Spartina. alterniflora soils is simpler than that in mangrove forest, indicating an increased SOC decomposition with invasion of S. alterniflora. On the contrary, the molecular structure of SOC in mangrove forest was dominated by recalcitrant aromatic C. Meanwhile, the larger fractions of silt/clay content in S. alterniflora and the transitional community were corresponding to higher percentage of mineral organic carbon (MOC), which suggest that the SOC in S. alterniflora vegetated soil was mainly protected by the mineral association. The transitional community contained highest MOC content probably due to both physical protection of mineral association and recalcitrant C input from adjacent mangroves. We also found that the fraction of SOC and its chemical structure of functional groups were associated with microbial communities. This study revealed the occurrence of different SOC stabilization mechanisms between mangroves and salt marshes. The knowledge gained may help to make predictions about future SOC dynamics as the different stabilization processes may response to climate change or human activities differently.}, }
@article {pmid28623270, year = {2017}, author = {Rondoni, G and Ielo, F and Ricci, C and Conti, E}, title = {Behavioural and physiological responses to prey-related cues reflect higher competitiveness of invasive vs. native ladybirds.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {3716}, pmid = {28623270}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Cues ; Female ; *Insecta ; *Introduced Species ; *Predatory Behavior ; Sex Factors ; }, abstract = {Understanding the traits that might be linked with biological invasions represents a great challenge for preventing non-target effects on local biodiversity. In predatory insects, the ability to exploit habitats for oviposition and the physiological response to prey availability differs between species. Those species that respond more readily to environmental changes may confer to their offspring a competitive advantage over other species. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the invasive Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) makes better use of information from a plant-prey (Vicia faba - Aphis fabae) system compared to the native Oenopia conglobata. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays revealed that both species used olfactory cues from the system, but H. axyridis exhibited a more complete response. This species was also attracted by plants previously infested by aphids, indicating the capacity to exploit volatile synomones induced in plants by aphid attack. Oocyte resorption was investigated when different olfactory stimuli were provided under prey shortage and the readiness of new oogenesis was measured when prey was available again. H. axyridis exhibited higher plasticity in oogenesis related to the presence/absence of plant-aphid volatiles. Our results support the hypothesis that H. axyridis is more reactive than O. conglobata to olfactory cues from the plant-prey system.}, }
@article {pmid31220393, year = {2019}, author = {Falaschi, M and Manenti, R and Thuiller, W and Ficetola, GF}, title = {Continental-scale determinants of population trends in European amphibians and reptiles.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.14739}, pmid = {31220393}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {The continuous decline of biodiversity is determined by the complex and joint effects of multiple environmental drivers. Still, a large part of past global change studies reporting and explaining biodiversity trends have focused on a single driver. Therefore, we are often unable to attribute biodiversity changes to different drivers, since a multi-variable design is required to disentangle joint effects and interactions. In this work, we used a meta-regression within a Bayesian framework to analyze 843 time-series of population abundance from seventeen European amphibian and reptile species over the last 45 years. We investigated the relative effects of climate change, alien species, habitat availability, and habitat change in driving trends of population abundance over time, and evaluated how the importance of these factors differs across species. A large number of populations (54%) declined, but differences between species were strong, with some species showing positive trends. Populations declined more often in areas with a high number of alien species, and in areas where climate change has caused loss of suitability. Habitat features showed small variation over the last 25 years, with an average loss of suitable habitat of 0.1% / year per population. Still, a strong interaction between habitat availability and the richness of alien species indicated that the negative impact of alien species was particularly strong for populations living in landscapes with less suitable habitat. Furthermore, when excluding the two commonest species, habitat loss was the main correlate of negative population trends for the remaining species. By analyzing trends for multiple species across a broad spatial scale, we identify alien species, climate change, and habitat changes as the major drivers of European amphibian and reptile decline. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31220167, year = {2019}, author = {Krabbe, BA and Arnan, X and Lannes, P and Bergstedt, CE and Larsen, RS and Pedersen, JS and Shik, JZ}, title = {Using nutritional geometry to define the fundamental macronutrient niche of the widespread invasive ant Monomorium pharaonis.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {e0218764}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0218764}, pmid = {31220167}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {The emerging field of nutritional geometry (NG) provides powerful new approaches to test whether and how organisms prioritize specific nutritional blends when consuming chemically complex foods. NG approaches can thus help move beyond food-level estimates of diet breadth to predict invasive success, for instance by revealing narrow nutritional niches if broad diets are actually composed of nutritionally similar foods. We used two NG paradigms to provide different, but complementary insights into nutrient regulation strategies and test a hypothesis of extreme nutritional generalism in colony propagules of the globally distributed invasive ant Monomorium pharaonis. First, in two dimensions (protein:carbohydrates; P:C), M. pharaonis colonies consistently defended a slightly carbohydrate-biased intake target, while using a generalist equal-distance strategy of collectively overharvesting both protein and carbohydrates to reach this target when confined to imbalanced P:C diets. Second, a recently developed right-angled mixture triangle method enabled us to define the fundamental niche breadth in three dimensions (protein:carbohydrates:lipid, P:C:L). We found that colonies navigated the P:C:L landscape, in part, to mediate a tradeoff between worker survival (maximized on high-carbohydrate diets) and brood production (maximized on high-protein diets). Colonies further appeared unable to avoid this tradeoff by consuming extra lipids when the other nutrients were limiting. Colonies also did not rely on nutrient regulation inside their nests, as they did not hoard or scatter fractions of harvested diets to adjust the nutritional blends they consumed. These complementary NG approaches highlight that even the most successful invasive species with broad fundamental macronutrient niches must navigate complex multidimensional nutritional landscapes to acquire limiting macronutrients and overcome developmental constraints as small propagules.}, }
@article {pmid31219681, year = {2019}, author = {Ryo, M and Jeschke, JM and Rillig, MC and Heger, T}, title = {Machine learning with the hierarchy-of-hypotheses (HoH) approach discovers novel pattern in studies on biological invasions.}, journal = {Research synthesis methods}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/jrsm.1363}, pmid = {31219681}, issn = {1759-2887}, abstract = {Research synthesis on simple yet general hypotheses and ideas is challenging in scientific disciplines studying highly context-dependent systems such as medical, social, and biological sciences. This study shows that machine learning, equation-free statistical modeling of artificial intelligence, is a promising synthesis tool for discovering novel patterns and the source of controversy in a general hypothesis. We apply a decision tree algorithm, assuming that evidence from various contexts can be adequately integrated in a hierarchically nested structure. As a case study, we analyzed 163 articles that studied a prominent hypothesis in invasion biology, the enemy release hypothesis. We explored if any of nine attributes that classify each study can differentiate conclusions, as classification problem. Results corroborated that machine learning can be useful for research synthesis, as the algorithm could detect patterns that had been already focused in previous narrative reviews. Compared with the previous synthesis study that assessed the same evidence collection based on experts' judgement, the algorithm has newly proposed that the studies focusing on Asian regions mostly supported the hypothesis, suggesting that more detailed investigations in these regions can enhance our understanding of the hypothesis. We suggest that machine learning algorithms can be a promising synthesis tool especially where studies (i) reformulate a general hypothesis from different perspectives, (ii) use different methods or variables, or (iii) report insufficient information for conducting meta-analyses.}, }
@article {pmid31218361, year = {2019}, author = {Tognetti, PM and Mazia, N and Ibáñez, G}, title = {Seed local adaptation and seedling plasticity account for Gleditsia triacanthos tree invasion across biomes.}, journal = {Annals of botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/aob/mcz077}, pmid = {31218361}, issn = {1095-8290}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Phenotypic plasticity and local adaption can contribute to the success of invasive species. While the former is an environmentally induced trait, the latter involves a selection process to filter the best genotype for a location. We examined the evidence for phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation for seed and seedling traits of the invasive tree Gleditsia triacanthos, with three origins distributed along an approx. 10° latitude gradient across three biomes.<br><br>METHODS: In sub-tropical forests, dry woodlands and secondary temperate grasslands in Argentina, we harvested seeds from clusters of neighbouring trees (i.e. families) distributed within 15-20 km in each origin (biome). We manipulated the environmental conditions relevant to each biome, assuming that propagule availability did not represent an ecological barrier. In growth chambers, we evaluated seed imbibition and seed germination under different light, temperature and water potential. In a 2 year common garden, we evaluated the impact of resident vegetation removal on seedling survival and growth.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: Mean time to complete seed imbibition differed among origins; seeds from temperate grasslands reached full imbibition before seeds from dry woodlands and sub-tropical forests. Germination was always >70 %, but was differentially affected by water potential, and light quantity (dark-light) and quality (red-far red) among origins, suggesting local adaptation. In the common garden, vegetation removal rather than origin negatively affected seedling survival and enhanced seedling growth. Vegetation removal increased basal diameter, leaves per plant and spine number, and reduced the height:basal diameter ratio.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that local adaptation in seed germination traits and plastic changes in seedling allometry (e.g. height:diameter) may allow this tree to respond over the short and long term to changes in environmental conditions, and to contribute to shape G. triacanthos as a successful woody invader. Overall, our study revealed how local adaptation and plasticity can explain different aspects of tree invasion capacity across biomes.}, }
@article {pmid31218119, year = {2019}, author = {Srėbalienė, G and Olenin, S and Minchin, D and Narščius, A}, title = {A comparison of impact and risk assessment methods based on the IMO Guidelines and EU invasive alien species risk assessment frameworks.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {e6965}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.6965}, pmid = {31218119}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {A comparative analysis of two risk assessment (RA) frameworks developed to support the implementation of the international Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC) and European Regulation on Invasive Alien Species (IAS) was performed. This analysis revealed both differences and similarities between the IMO Risk Assessment Guidelines (IMO, 2007) and EU Regulation supplement on RA of IAS (EU, 2018) in RA approaches, key principles, RA components and categories of IAS impacts recommended for assessment. The results of this analysis were used to produce a common procedure for the evaluation of the bioinvasion risk and impact assessment methods intended to support international, regional and/or national policy on IAS. The procedure includes a scoring scheme to assess compliance with the key principles, RA components and categories of bioinvasion impacts taken into account by the methods. In these methods the categories of impacts on human health and economy are underrepresented comparing with impacts on environment.}, }
@article {pmid31217580, year = {2019}, author = {Redding, DW and Pigot, AL and Dyer, EE and Şekercioğlu, ÇH and Kark, S and Blackburn, TM}, title = {Location-level processes drive the establishment of alien bird populations worldwide.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-019-1292-2}, pmid = {31217580}, issn = {1476-4687}, abstract = {Human-mediated translocation of species to areas beyond their natural distribution (which results in 'alien' populations1) is a key signature of the Anthropocene2, and is a primary global driver of biodiversity loss and environmental change3. Stemming the tide of invasions requires understanding why some species fail to establish alien populations, and others succeed. To achieve this, we need to integrate the effects of features of the introduction site, the species introduced and the specific introduction event. Determining which, if any, location-level factors affect the success of establishment has proven difficult, owing to the multiple spatial, temporal and phylogenetic axes along which environmental variation may influence population survival. Here we apply Bayesian hierarchical regression analysis to a global spatially and temporally explicit database of introduction events of alien birds4 to show that environmental conditions at the introduction location, notably climatic suitability and the presence of other groups of alien species, are the primary determinants of successful establishment. Species-level traits and the size of the founding population (propagule pressure) exert secondary, but important, effects on success. Thus, current trajectories of anthropogenic environmental change will most probably facilitate future incursions by alien species, but predicting future invasions will require the integration of multiple location-, species- and event-level characteristics.}, }
@article {pmid29675652, year = {2018}, author = {Lin, CJ and Wang, L and Wolkowicz, GSK}, title = {An Alternative Formulation for a Distributed Delayed Logistic Equation.}, journal = {Bulletin of mathematical biology}, volume = {80}, number = {7}, pages = {1713-1735}, doi = {10.1007/s11538-018-0432-4}, pmid = {29675652}, issn = {1522-9602}, mesh = {Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Introduced Species/statistics &amp; numerical data ; *Logistic Models ; Mathematical Concepts ; *Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Population Dynamics/*statistics &amp; numerical data ; Population Growth ; Species Specificity ; }, abstract = {We study an alternative single species logistic distributed delay differential equation (DDE) with decay-consistent delay in growth. Population oscillation is rarely observed in nature, in contrast to the outcomes of the classical logistic DDE. In the alternative discrete delay model proposed by Arino et al. (J Theor Biol 241(1):109-119, 2006), oscillatory behavior is excluded. This study adapts their idea of the decay-consistent delay and generalizes their model. We establish a threshold for survival and extinction: In the former case, it is confirmed using Lyapunov functionals that the population approaches the delay modified carrying capacity; in the later case the extinction is proved by the fluctuation lemma. We further use adaptive dynamics to conclude that the evolutionary trend is to make the mean delay in growth as short as possible. This confirms Hutchinson's conjecture (Hutchinson in Ann N Y Acad Sci 50(4):221-246, 1948) and fits biological evidence.}, }
@article {pmid31213206, year = {2019}, author = {Kroth, N and Cozzer, GD and de Carvalho, G and Cassol, AS and Breaux, J and Lutinski, JA and Busato, MA and Roman Junior, WA and Dos Santos, JJ and Albeny-Simões, D}, title = {Oviposition preferences of the mosquito Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 (Culicidae): an urban environment bioassay.}, journal = {Bulletin of entomological research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-9}, doi = {10.1017/S000748531900021X}, pmid = {31213206}, issn = {1475-2670}, abstract = {The establishment of an invasive species depends on reproductive success and dispersion capability in the new environment. One of the striking examples of invasion in urban environments is the mosquito Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 (Culicidae). The success of this species is primarily attributed to its ability to colonize urban environments, and some of the important adaptive strategies associated with this ability is the preference for humans as a blood source and intense occupation of residential (indoor) environments. This study evaluated the effects of location (indoor vs. outdoor) and water nutrient level (% organic matter) on the oviposition preference of A. aegypti in an urban environment. We used oviposition choice experiments to evaluate mosquito oviposition in containers holding 1:1 vs 1:0 ratios of water: organic matter placed indoors and outdoors. Eggs were sampled once per week for nine weeks. Our results revealed a strong oviposition preference for outdoor containers, with a significant preference for containers with higher concentrations of organic matter during the fifth to ninth weeks. However, mosquitoes occupying indoor environments did not prefer to lay eggs in containers with lower levels of organic matter. A better understanding of the preferences of A. aegypti regarding the nutrient level and location of oviposition containers can increase our understanding of the behavioral factors allowing mosquitoes to utilize anthropogenic environments.}, }
@article {pmid31212913, year = {2019}, author = {Kapantaidaki, DE and Evangelou, VI and Morrison, WR and Leskey, TC and Brodeur, J and Milonas, P}, title = {Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Genetic Diversity in North America and Europe.}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects10060174}, pmid = {31212913}, issn = {2075-4450}, support = {690952//H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions/ ; 2016-51181-25409//USDA NIFA SCRI CAP/ ; }, abstract = {The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an invasive species in North America and Europe that damages many different host plants. Substantial work has been conducted on the genetic diversity and invasion pathways of H. halys in some of the countries where it has been found, based on mitochondrial sequences. The main objective of the present study was to further explore the genetic diversity of invasive populations of H. halys exploiting both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We used two molecular markers: the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene, an ideal standardized molecular marker for distinguishing closely related species, and the ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1), because only a few sequences of H. halys exist to this point in global databases. We used specimens from eight populations from Greece, Italy, Canada, and the US. Among the 14 haplotypes retrieved based on the mtCOI gene, two of them (H162-H163) were detected for the first time. These two haplotypes were found in specimens from Canada, Italy, and the US. Concerning the ITS1 region, 24 haplotypes were identified, with 15 being unique for a sampled population. In Greece and the US, 14 and 12 haplotypes were found, respectively, with 7 and 6 of them being unique for Greece and the US, respectively. Our analysis of the nuclear genes of H. halys indicates high genetic diversity of the invading populations in North America and Europe.}, }
@article {pmid30696964, year = {2019}, author = {Marris, E}, title = {Drones unleashed against invasive rats in the Galapagos.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {565}, number = {7741}, pages = {543-544}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-019-00176-z}, pmid = {30696964}, issn = {1476-4687}, mesh = {Animals ; Ecuador ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; Islands ; Morals ; Pest Control/ethics/*instrumentation/*methods ; Rats ; Rodenticides/*administration &amp; dosage ; }, }
@article {pmid31210722, year = {2019}, author = {Neumann, KM and Pinter-Wollman, N}, title = {Collective responses to heterospecifics emerge from individual differences in aggression.}, journal = {Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology}, volume = {30}, number = {3}, pages = {801-808}, doi = {10.1093/beheco/arz017}, pmid = {31210722}, issn = {1045-2249}, abstract = {Variation in individual behavior among group members impacts collective outcomes. The ability of both individuals and groups to outcompete others can determine access to resources. The invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, dominates resources and displaces native species. To determine how access to resources by groups of L. humile is impacted by their behavioral composition, we first determined that L. humile workers consistently vary in aggressive behavior. We then asked if variation in aggression within a group influences the group's ability to access a resource in the presence of cues of a native species, Tapinoma sessile. We found that the behavioral composition of L. humile groups impacted the groups' collective response to cues of T. sessile. Group behavior was the result of mostly additive, rather than synergistic, combinations of the behaviors of the group members. The behavior of groups that contained 50% highly aggressive and 50% low-aggression individuals was similar to the average of the behaviors of groups of all highly aggressive and groups of all low-aggression individuals. Uncovering the mechanisms that allow social invasive species to dominate the ecological communities they invade can inform the mitigation of invasion.}, }
@article {pmid31209600, year = {2019}, author = {Donnelly, A and Yu, R}, title = {Temperate deciduous shrub phenology: the overlooked forest layer.}, journal = {International journal of biometeorology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00484-019-01743-9}, pmid = {31209600}, issn = {1432-1254}, support = {101x368//University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Research Growth Initiative/ ; }, abstract = {Temperate deciduous shrub phenology plays a pivotal role in forest ecology by regulating the timing of suitable habitat and food of a range of organisms as well as influencing the timing and duration of the carbon uptake period especially in early spring and late autumn when trees are leafless. However, given the overwhelming influence of canopy trees on forest ecosystem functioning, shrubs are often ignored in ecosystem modeling. Isolating the shrub contribution to C flux or satellite-derived forest phenology is challenging. In addition, since shrubs are more likely to be invasive than trees, future changes to shrub species composition are likely, with consequent implications for both over- and understory species composition and ecosystem functioning. Surprisingly, given their multifaceted role, our review revealed that studies on temperate deciduous shrub phenology are limited with the majority focusing on managing invasive shrubs in USA forests. In addition, results of some studies using a large number of species from a range of geographical locations suggested that, in general, invasive shrubs leafed out earlier and retained leaves longer than native species. However, this may not be directly applicable to local conditions with a smaller range of locally adapted species. Therefore, in order to fully understand the role of shrub phenology in temperate deciduous forests, in terms of invasive species, response to climate change and subsequent influence on C balance it will be necessary to establish phenological monitoring sites in which both tree and shrub phenology are recorded concurrently across a range of geographical locations.}, }
@article {pmid31209552, year = {2019}, author = {McLeod, LJ and Hine, DW}, title = {Using Audience Segmentation to Understand Nonparticipation in Invasive Mammal Management in Australia.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00267-019-01176-5}, pmid = {31209552}, issn = {1432-1009}, abstract = {Invasive mammals threaten agriculture, biodiversity, and community health. Yet many landholders fail to engage in control activities recommended by experts. We surveyed a representative sample of 731 Western Australian rural landholders. The survey assessed landholders' participation in a range of activities to control invasive mammals, as well as their capabilities, opportunities, and motivation for engaging in such activities. We found that over half of our respondents had not participated in any individual or group activities to control invasive mammals during the previous 12 months. Using latent profile analysis, we identified six homogeneous subgroups of nonparticipating landholders, each with their distinct psycho-graphic profiles: Unaware, Unskilled, and Unmotivated, Aware but Unskilled and Doubtful, Unskilled and Time Poor, Disinterested, Skilled but Dismissive, and Capable but Unmotivated. Our results indicate that engagement specialists should not treat nonparticipating landholders as a single homogeneous group. Nonparticipators differ considerably in terms of their capabilities, opportunities, and motivations, and require targeted engagement strategies informed by these differences.}, }
@article {pmid31209471, year = {2019}, author = {Martinez, KA and Fridley, JD and Oguchi, R and Aiba, M and Hikosaka, K}, title = {Functional shifts in leaves of woody invaders of deciduous forests between their home and away ranges.}, journal = {Tree physiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/treephys/tpz065}, pmid = {31209471}, issn = {1758-4469}, abstract = {Temperate forests are widely invaded by shade-tolerant shrubs and trees, including those of Eastern North America (ENA). However, it remains unknown whether these invaders are 'pre-adapted' for success in their new ranges due to unique aspects of their evolutionary history, or whether selection due to enemy release or other post-introduction processes have driven rapid evolution in the invaded range. We sampled leaf traits of populations of woody understory invaders across light gradients in their native range in Japan and in their invaded ENA range to examine potential phenotypic shifts related to carbon gain and nitrogen use between ranges. We also measured leaf traits in three co-occurring ENA native shrub species. In their invaded range, invaders invested significantly less in leaf chlorophyll content (both per unit leaf mass and area) compared to native range populations of the same species, yet maintained similar rates of photosynthesis in low light. In addition, compared to ENA natives, ENA invaders displayed greater trait variation in response to increasing light availability (forest edges, gaps), giving them a potential advantage over ENA natives in a variety of light conditions. We conclude that, for this group of species, newly evolved phenotypes in the invaded range are more important than preadaptation for their success as shade-tolerant forest invaders.}, }
@article {pmid31207933, year = {2019}, author = {Jacobus, LM and Macadam, CR and Sartori, M}, title = {Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and Their Contributions to Ecosystem Services.}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {10}, number = {6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects10060170}, pmid = {31207933}, issn = {2075-4450}, abstract = {This work is intended as a general and concise overview of Ephemeroptera biology, diversity, and services provided to humans and other parts of our global array of freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. The Ephemeroptera, or mayflies, are a small but diverse order of amphinotic insects associated with liquid freshwater worldwide. They are nearly cosmopolitan, except for Antarctica and some very remote islands. The existence of the subimago stage is unique among extant insects. Though the winged stages do not have functional mouthparts or digestive systems, the larval, or nymphal, stages have a variety of feeding approaches-including, but not limited to, collector-gatherers, filterers, scrapers, and active predators-with each supported by a diversity of morphological and behavioral adaptations. Mayflies provide direct and indirect services to humans and other parts of both freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. In terms of cultural services, they have provided inspiration to musicians, poets, and other writers, as well as being the namesakes of various water- and aircraft. They are commemorated by festivals worldwide. Mayflies are especially important to fishing. Mayflies contribute to the provisioning services of ecosystems in that they are utilized as food by human cultures worldwide (having one of the highest protein contents of any edible insect), as laboratory organisms, and as a potential source of antitumor molecules. They provide regulatory services through their cleaning of freshwater. They provide many essential supporting services for ecosystems such as bioturbation, bioirrigation, decomposition, nutrition for many kinds of non-human animals, nutrient cycling and spiraling in freshwaters, nutrient cycling between aquatic and terrestrial systems, habitat for other organisms, and serving as indicators of ecosystem health. About 20% of mayfly species worldwide might have a threatened conservation status due to influences from pollution, invasive alien species, habitat loss and degradation, and climate change. Even mitigation of negative influences has benefits and tradeoffs, as, in several cases, sustainable energy production negatively impacts mayflies.}, }
@article {pmid30877440, year = {2019}, author = {Schoener, E and Zittra, C and Weiss, S and Walder, G and Barogh, BS and Weiler, S and Fuehrer, HP}, title = {Monitoring of alien mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Austria.}, journal = {Parasitology research}, volume = {118}, number = {5}, pages = {1633-1638}, doi = {10.1007/s00436-019-06287-w}, pmid = {30877440}, issn = {1432-1955}, mesh = {Aedes/*anatomy &amp; histology/*classification/virology ; Animals ; Arbovirus Infections/transmission ; Arboviruses/growth &amp; development ; Austria ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; Italy ; Oviposition/*physiology ; Seasons ; Temperature ; }, abstract = {Systematic, continuous mosquito surveillance is considered the most reliable tool to predict the spread and establishment of alien mosquito species such as the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus), Japanese bush mosquito (Aedes japonicus), and the transmission risk of mosquito-borne arboviruses to humans. Only single individuals of Ae. albopictus have been found in Austria so far. However, it is likely that the species will be able to establish populations in the future due to global trade and traffic as well as increasing temperatures in the course of global climate change. In summer 2017, a project surveilling the oviposition of newly introduced Aedes mosquitoes, using ovitraps, was set up by means of citizen scientists and researchers and was performed in six federal provinces of Austria-Tyrol, Carinthia, Vienna, Lower Austria, Styria, and Burgenland. Eggs of Ae. albopictus were identified in Tyrol during the months August and September, while Ae. japonicus was found in Lower Austria, Styria, and Burgenland. In Vienna and Carinthia, all ovitraps were negative for Aedes eggs; however, Ae. japonicus was found for the first time in Vienna in July 2017 during routine sampling of adult mosquitoes. With this project, we demonstrated the benefits of citizen scientists for ovitrap-based mosquito surveillance. The finding of Ae. albopictus eggs in Northern Tyrol is not yet a proof of the establishment of a self-sustaining population, although it indicates the ongoing introduction of this species along main traffic routes from Italy, where this mosquito is well established. The risk of establishment of the tiger mosquito in the Lower Inn Valley is therefore a given and informing the public about preventive measures to hinder and delay this development is highly recommended.}, }
@article {pmid31207075, year = {2019}, author = {Rendon, D and Hamby, KA and Arsenault-Benoit, AL and Taylor, CM and Evans, RK and Roubos, CR and Sial, AA and Rogers, M and Petran, A and Van Timmeren, S and Fanning, P and Isaacs, R and Walton, V}, title = {Mulching as a cultural control strategy for Drosophila suzukii in blueberry.}, journal = {Pest management science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ps.5512}, pmid = {31207075}, issn = {1526-4998}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fruit growers largely depend on chemical control to reduce populations of the economically damaging invasive fly, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). Drosophila suzukii is susceptible to high temperatures and low humidity; therefore, it may be possible to implement cultural control practices that create microclimates unfavorable for its development and survival. In addition to other fruit production benefits, in-row mulches may impede the development of D. suzukii immatures when larvae leave the fruit to pupate in the soil. This study compared the effects of different mulches (black polypropylene fabric weedmats, sawdust, and wood chips) on temperature and relative humidity (RH), and on adult emergence of D. suzukii from larvae in blueberries and pupae, both above and below the ground surface in blueberry plantings (Vaccinium corymbosum L.).<br><br>RESULTS: Across regions, both lower larval survival and longer periods with high suboptimal temperatures occurred above the ground in comparison to buried below the ground, regardless of mulch type. Fewer D. suzukii adults emerged from larvae on weedmat mulch at one site, but there was no effect of mulch type on temperature, RH, or D. suzukii emergence at most sites. The relationships between temperature, RH, and the emergence of adults from larvae and pupae varied by region. Natural infestation by D. suzukii in blueberries was lower over weedmat compared to wood-based mulches at one site. Greenhouse experiments showed that larvae burrowed to pupate underneath sawdust mulch, but were unable to pupate underneath a weedmat mulch.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Although weedmats may not modify temperatures or RH enough to consistently affect D. suzukii emergence, they can reduce field suitability for D. suzukii by providing a barrier that prevents larvae from reaching favorable pupation microhabitats underground. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31207021, year = {2019}, author = {Zhang, Z and van Kleunen, M}, title = {Common alien plants are more competitive than rare natives but not than common natives.}, journal = {Ecology letters}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13320}, pmid = {31207021}, issn = {1461-0248}, support = {201606100049//China Scholarship Council/ ; }, abstract = {Success of alien plants is often attributed to high competitive ability. However, not all aliens become dominant, and not all natives are vulnerable to competitive exclusion. Here, we quantified competitive outcomes and their determinants, using response-surface experiments, in 48 pairs of native and naturalised alien annuals that are common or rare in Germany. Overall, aliens were not more competitive than natives. However, common aliens (invasive) were, despite strong limitation by intraspecific competition, more competitive than rare natives. This is because alien species had higher intrinsic growth rates than natives, and common species had higher intrinsic growth rates than rare ones. Strength of interspecific competition was not related to status or commonness. Our work highlights the importance of including commonness in understanding invasion success. It suggests that variation among species in intrinsic growth rates is more important in competitive outcomes than inter- or intraspecific competition, and thus contributes to invasion success and rarity.}, }
@article {pmid31206825, year = {2019}, author = {Hayward, MW and Callen, A and Allen, BL and Ballard, G and Broekhuis, F and Bugir, C and Clarke, RH and Clulow, J and Clulow, S and Daltry, JC and Davies-Mostert, HT and Fleming, PJS and Griffin, AS and Howell, LG and Kerley, GIH and Klop-Toker, K and Legge, S and Major, T and Meyer, N and Montgomery, RA and Moseby, K and Parker, DM and Périquet, S and Read, J and Scanlon, R and Seeto, R and Shuttleworth, C and Somers, MJ and Tamessar, CT and Tuft, K and Upton, R and Valenzuela-Molina, M and Wayne, A and Witt, RR and Wüster, W}, title = {Should the Compassionate Tail Wag the Conservation Dog?.}, journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/cobi.13366}, pmid = {31206825}, issn = {1523-1739}, abstract = {Compassionate conservation focuses on 4 tenets: first, do no harm; individuals matter; inclusivity of individual animals; and peaceful coexistence between humans and animals. Recently, compassionate conservation has been promoted as an alternative to conventional conservation philosophy. We believe examples presented by compassionate conservationists are deliberately or arbitrarily chosen to focus on mammals; inherently not compassionate; and offer ineffective conservation solutions. Compassionate conservation arbitrarily focuses on charismatic species, notably large predators and megaherbivores. The philosophy is not compassionate when it leaves invasive predators in the environment to cause harm to vastly more individuals of native species or uses the fear of harm by apex predators to terrorize mesopredators. Hindering the control of exotic species (megafauna, predators) in situ will not improve the conservation condition of the majority of biodiversity even if compassionate conservationists do no harm to individuals of the exotic species. The positions taken by so-called compassionate conservationists on particular species and on conservation actions could be extended to hinder other forms of conservation, including translocations, conservation fencing, and fertility control. Animal welfare is incredibly important to conservation, but ironically compassionate conservation does not offer the best welfare outcomes to animals and is often ineffective in achieving conservation goals. Consequently, compassionate conservation may threaten public and governmental support for conservation because of the general publics' limited understanding of conservation problems. Article impact statement: Compassionate conservation has an arbitrary focus on mammals, lacks compassion, and offers ineffective conservation solutions This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31206531, year = {2019}, author = {Rodríguez-Rey, M and Consuegra, S and Börger, L and Garcia de Leaniz, C}, title = {Improving Species Distribution Modelling of freshwater invasive species for management applications.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {6}, pages = {e0217896}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0217896}, pmid = {31206531}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Freshwater ecosystems rank among the most endangered ecosystems in the world and are under increasing threat from aquatic invasive species (AIS). Understanding the range expansion of AIS is key for mitigating their impacts. Most approaches rely on Species Distribution Models (SDMs) to predict the expansion of AIS, using mainly environmental variables, yet ignore the role of human activities in favouring the introduction and range expansion of AIS. In this study, we use five SDM algorithms (independently and in ensemble) and two accuracy measures (TSS, AUC), combined with a null modelling approach, to assess the predictive performance of the models and to quantify which predictors (environmental and anthropogenic from the native and introduced regions) best explain the distribution of nine freshwater invasive species (including fish, arthropods, molluscs, amphibians and reptiles) in a large island (Great Britain), and which species characteristics affect model performance. Our results show that the distribution of invasive species is difficult to predict by SDMs, even in cases when TSS and AUC model accuracy values are high. Our study strongly advocates the use of null models for testing SDMs performance and the inclusion of information from the native area and a variety of both human-related and environmental predictors for a more accurate modelling of the range expansion of AIS. Otherwise, models that only include climatic variables, or rely only on standard accuracy measures or a single algorithm, might result in mismanagement of AIS.}, }
@article {pmid31203755, year = {2019}, author = {Sunday, J and Bennett, JM and Calosi, P and Clusella-Trullas, S and Gravel, S and Hargreaves, AL and Leiva, FP and Verberk, WCEP and Olalla-Tárraga, MÁ and Morales-Castilla, I}, title = {Thermal tolerance patterns across latitude and elevation.}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences}, volume = {374}, number = {1778}, pages = {20190036}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2019.0036}, pmid = {31203755}, issn = {1471-2970}, abstract = {Linking variation in species' traits to large-scale environmental gradients can lend insight into the evolutionary processes that have shaped functional diversity and future responses to environmental change. Here, we ask how heat and cold tolerance vary as a function of latitude, elevation and climate extremes, using an extensive global dataset of ectotherm and endotherm thermal tolerance limits, while accounting for methodological variation in acclimation temperature, ramping rate and duration of exposure among studies. We show that previously reported relationships between thermal limits and latitude in ectotherms are robust to variation in methods. Heat tolerance of terrestrial ectotherms declined marginally towards higher latitudes and did not vary with elevation, whereas heat tolerance of freshwater and marine ectotherms declined more steeply with latitude. By contrast, cold tolerance limits declined steeply with latitude in marine, intertidal, freshwater and terrestrial ectotherms, and towards higher elevations on land. In all realms, both upper and lower thermal tolerance limits increased with extreme daily temperature, suggesting that different experienced climate extremes across realms explain the patterns, as predicted under the Climate Extremes Hypothesis. Statistically accounting for methodological variation in acclimation temperature, ramping rate and exposure duration improved model fits, and increased slopes with extreme ambient temperature. Our results suggest that fundamentally different patterns of thermal limits found among the earth's realms may be largely explained by differences in episodic thermal extremes among realms, updating global macrophysiological 'rules'. This article is part of the theme issue 'Physiological diversity, biodiversity patterns and global climate change: testing key hypotheses involving temperature and oxygen'.}, }
@article {pmid31200311, year = {2019}, author = {Kiss, T and Nagy, J and Fehérváry, I and Vaszkó, C}, title = {(Mis) management of floodplain vegetation: The effect of invasive species on vegetation roughness and flood levels.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {686}, number = {}, pages = {931-945}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.006}, pmid = {31200311}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Floodplains are prone to plant invasions, which increase their roughness and decrease their flood conveyance capacity. In recent decades, extremely high floods have occurred in the Tisza River (Hungary) without an increase in discharge. This could be partly explained by land cover changes, as plough fields and pastures have been replaced by forest plantations and invasive plants have become widespread in the Tisza River floodplain. The aims of the present research were (1) to evaluate long-term land cover changes from the point of view of floodplain roughness, (2) to calculate vegetation density with and without the invasive shrub Amorpha fruticosa, and (3) to model (HEC-RAS) the flood conveyance in the case of unmanaged and managed vegetation (eliminating invasive plants). The study was carried out at three floodplain sections of the Tisza and Maros rivers, Hungary. In the eighteenth century, wetlands (61-93%) covered the studied floodplain areas, but as a result of mid-nineteenth-century channel regulation works, pastures and plough fields (42-72%) became widespread, and riparian forests (8-19%) appeared. In the late twentieth century, poplar plantations (43-86%) replaced pastures and plough fields and provided a perfect habitat for invasive plants. As a result of these land cover changes, the mean vegetation roughness of the floodplains increased from 0.021-0.032 (1783) to 0.066-0.092 (2017). However, at-site measurements indicate considerably higher vegetation roughness values (0.093-0.134) when the invasive Amorpha is also considered. Invasive species clearance could decrease the vegetation roughness by 86%. Based on our modelled data, peak flood stages could be decreased by 13-34 cm after the clearance of invasive plants. However, these values are influenced by the floodplain slope and characteristics of the modelled flood wave. The management of longer floodplain sections would have a considerable effect on flood stages, while the clearance of smaller patches would not have this effect.}, }
@article {pmid31200182, year = {2019}, author = {Osunkoya, OO and Froese, JG and Nicol, S}, title = {Management feasibility of established invasive plant species in Queensland, Australia: A stakeholders' perspective.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {246}, number = {}, pages = {484-495}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.052}, pmid = {31200182}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {Managing and monitoring invasive alien species (IAS) is costly, and because resources are limited, prioritization decisions are required for planning and management. We present findings on plant pest prioritization for 63 established invader species of natural and grazing ecosystems of Queensland, Australia. We used an expert elicitation approach to assess risk (species occurrence, spread, and impact) and feasibility of control for each IAS. We elicit semi-quantitative responses from diverse expert stakeholders to score IAS on three management approaches (biocontrol, chemical and mechanical) in relation to cost, effectiveness and practicality, and incorporate uncertainty in expert inputs and model outputs. In the process, we look for promising management opportunities as well as seek general trends across species' ecological groups and management methods. Stakeholders were cautiously optimistic about the feasibility of managing IAS. Taking into consideration all factors, the overall feasibility of control was uncorrelated with the stakeholders' level of confidence. However, within individual management criterion, positive trend was observed for the same bivariate traits for chemical control, and negative trends for biocontrol and mechanical controls. Utility and confidence in IAS management options were in the order: chemical > biocontrol = mechanical, with practicality and effectiveness being the main driver components. Management feasibility differed significantly between IAS life forms but not between habitats invaded. Lastly, we combined IAS risk assessment and management feasibility scores to create a risk matrix to guide policy goals (i.e. eradication, spread containment, protection of sensitive sites, targeted control, site management, monitoring, and limited action). The matrix identifies promising species to target for each of these policy outcomes. Overall, our general approach illustrates (i) the importance of understanding the feasibility of IAS control actions and the factors that drive it, and (ii) demonstrates how quantifying management feasibility can be used to enhance traditional risk assessment rankings to improve policy outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid31197316, year = {2019}, author = {Georges-Filteau, J and Hamelin, RC and Blanchette, M}, title = {Mycorrhiza: Genotype Assignment using Phylogenetic Networks.}, journal = {Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btz476}, pmid = {31197316}, issn = {1367-4811}, abstract = {MOTIVATION: The genotype assignment problem consists of predicting, from the genotype of an individual, which of a known set of populations it originated from. The problem arises in a variety of contexts, including wildlife forensics, invasive species detection, and biodiversity monitoring. Existing approaches perform well under ideal conditions but are sensitive to a variety of common violations of the assumptions they rely on.<br><br>RESULTS: In this paper, we introduce Mycorrhiza, a machine learning approach for the genotype assignment problem. Our algorithm makes use of phylogenetic networks to engineer features that encode the evolutionary relationships among samples. Those features are then used as input to a Random Forests classifier. The classification accuracy was assessed on multiple published empirical SNP, microsatellite or consensus sequence datasets with wide ranges of size, geographical distribution and population structure and on simulated datasets. It compared favorably against widely used assessment tests or mixture analysis methods such as STRUCTURE and Admixture, and against another machine-learning based approach using PCA for dimensionality reduction. Mycorrhiza yields particularly significant gains on datasets with a large average FST or deviation from the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Moreover, the phylogenetic network approach estimates mixture proportions with good accuracy.<br><br>AVAILABILITY: Mycorrhiza is released as an easy to use open-source python package at github.com/jgeofil/mycorrhiza.<br><br>SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.}, }
@article {pmid31195967, year = {2019}, author = {Tian, X and Ohtsuki, H and Urabe, J}, title = {Evolution of asexual Daphnia pulex in Japan: variations and covariations of the digestive, morphological and life history traits.}, journal = {BMC evolutionary biology}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {122}, doi = {10.1186/s12862-019-1453-9}, pmid = {31195967}, issn = {1471-2148}, support = {16H02522//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Several genetic lineages of obligate parthenogenetic Daphnia pulex, a common zooplankton species, have invaded Japan from North America. Among these, a lineage named JPN1 is thought to have started colonization as a single genotype several hundred to thousand years ago and subsequently produced many genotypes in Japan. To examine the phenotypic variations due to ecological drivers diverging the genotypes in new habitats, we measured heritability and variation in 17 traits, including life history, morphology and digestive traits, and the genetic distance among the D. pulex JPN1 genotypes in Japan.<br><br>RESULTS: We found that most of the traits measured varied significantly among the genotypes and that heritability was highest in the morphological traits, followed by the digestive and life history traits. In addition, 93% of the variation in these traits was explained by the first three components in the principal component analysis, implying that variation of these heritable traits is not random but rather converged into a few directions. These relations among traits revealed the potential importance of predation pressures and food conditions as factors for diverging and selecting different genotypes. However, the magnitude of the difference in any single trait group did not correlate with the genetic distance.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that the divergent traits evolved within D. pulex JPN1 lineage without genetic recombination, since their ancestral clone invaded Japan. Large variations and covariations of the phenotypic traits, irrespective of the genetic distance among the genotypes, support the view that the invasive success of D. pulex JPN1 was promoted by a genetic architecture that allowed for large phenotypic variations with a limited number of functionally important mutations without recombination.}, }
@article {pmid31195362, year = {2019}, author = {Njokweni, SG and Weimer, PJ and Warburg, L and Botes, M and van Zyl, WH}, title = {Valorisation of the invasive species, Prosopis juliflora, using the carboxylate platform to produce volatile fatty acids.}, journal = {Bioresource technology}, volume = {288}, number = {}, pages = {121602}, doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121602}, pmid = {31195362}, issn = {1873-2976}, abstract = {Biomass derived from low-value, high-volume invasive plant species is an attractive, alternative feedstock to produce biofuels and biochemicals. This study aimed to use the carboxylate platform to valorize the invasive leguminous shrub, Prosopis juliflora (Mesquite), by utilizing in vitro rumen fermentations without chemical pretreatment to produce volatile fatty acids. The three fractions of the mesquite: leaves (ProL), stems (ProS) and branches (ProB) were compared regarding chemical composition, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility at 7 time points and VFA production after 72 h with sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as a reference. NDF digestibility was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in ProL (35.8%) than ProS (30.4%) and ProB (20.9%) compared to SCB (21.9%). VFA concentrations from 20 g biomass L-1 showed significant differences with 8.07, 6.71 and 6.51 g L-1 for ProL, ProS and ProB respectively, while SCB yielded 4.02 g L-1. These concentrations were comparable with other platforms that employ chemically pretreated biomass for VFA production.}, }
@article {pmid31193357, year = {2019}, author = {Muniz, DR and Garcia, JS and Braga, TC and de Fátima, Â and Modolo, LV}, title = {Pre-emergence application of (thio)urea analogues compromises the development of the weed species Bidens pilosa, Urochloa brizantha, and Urochloa decumbens.}, journal = {Journal of advanced research}, volume = {17}, number = {}, pages = {95-102}, doi = {10.1016/j.jare.2019.01.017}, pmid = {31193357}, issn = {2090-1232}, abstract = {Invasive species (weeds) contribute to great losses in crop productivity, and one of the strategies for controlling their distribution in the field involves the use of herbicides. However, the development of new formulations for the control of weeds is challenged by environmental issues, increases in the resistance of weeds to herbicides, and poor selectivity of herbicides towards invasive species. Here, by using pre-emergence experiments, we assessed the phytotoxicity of two (thio)urea analogues (2A10 and 2B2) against the weed species Bidens pilosa (a dicot), Urochloa brizantha and Urochloa decumbens (monocots). Similar to diuron (400 µM), which is a commercial urea analogue herbicide, the urea analogue 2A10 (>200 µM) was lethal to B. pilosa. Although 2A10 failed to disrupt the germination of U. brizantha seeds, this compound (≥600 µM) inhibited the accumulation of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids and resulted in the development of seedlings that presented relatively short roots and small, chlorotic leaves. Moreover, the thiourea analogue 2B2 (≥600 µM) reduced the germination percentage of U. decumbens seeds and delayed their germination, and at a concentration of 800 µM, this analogue impaired root growth and blocked the formation of lateral roots. The presence of an oxygen atom in the urea moiety of the 2A10 structure is critical for its marked activity against B. pilosa seeds, as 2B2 bears a sulphur atom instead and marginally inhibits seed germination. Neither 2A10 nor 2B2 was toxic to the non-weed species Lactuca sativa (lettuce; a dicot), and the latter even exerted beneficial effects by stimulating leaf expansion. Therefore, the evaluated (thio)urea analogues are promising for the design and development of new phytotoxic compounds for the pre-emergent control of the spread of B. pilosa (2A10) or the post-emergence control of U. brizantha (2A10) and U. decumbens (2B2).}, }
@article {pmid31193289, year = {2019}, author = {Cybulska, A and Kornacka, A and Moskwa, B}, title = {The occurrence and muscle distribution of Trichinella britovi in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in wildlife in the Głęboki Bród Forest District, Poland.}, journal = {International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {149-153}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.05.003}, pmid = {31193289}, issn = {2213-2244}, abstract = {The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is an introduced, invasive species in Europe. Literature data show that raccoon dogs act as a reservoir of many dangerous parasites, including nematodes of the genus Trichinella. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of Trichinella spp. infection in raccoon dogs collected from the Głęboki Bród Forest District between 2013 and 2016, and to evaluate their distribution in the muscle tissue of the host. The larvae of Trichinella spp. were detected in 45 raccoon dogs (39.82%), and all of them were identified as T. britovi. No mixed infection was observed. The intensity of infection ranged from 0.02 to 622.92 larvae per gram (LPG), and the highest mean was observed in the tongue and lower forelimb in both examined sexes. The raccoon dog may play a significant role as a reservoir of T. britovi in the wildlife in the examined area.}, }
@article {pmid31096347, year = {2019}, author = {Mouton, TL and Matheson, FE and Stephenson, F and Champion, PD and Wadhwa, S and Hamer, MP and Catlin, A and Riis, T}, title = {Environmental filtering of native and non-native stream macrophyte assemblages by habitat disturbances in an agricultural landscape.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {659}, number = {}, pages = {1370-1381}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.277}, pmid = {31096347}, issn = {1879-1026}, mesh = {*Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Eutrophication ; *Introduced Species ; Invertebrates/*classification/growth &amp; development ; New Zealand ; Rivers/chemistry ; }, abstract = {Understanding how inter-specific variation in functional traits affects native and non-native species responses to stream disturbances, is necessary to inform management strategies, providing tools for biomonitoring, conservation and restoration. This study used a functional trait approach to characterise the responses of macrophyte assemblages to reach-scale disturbances (measured by lack of riparian shading, altered hydromorphology and eutrophication), from 97 wadeable stream sites in an agriculturally impacted region of New Zealand. To determine whether macrophyte assemblages differed due to disturbances, we examined multidimensional assemblage functional structure in relation to eleven functional traits and further related two functional diversity indices (entropy and originality) to disturbances. Macrophyte assemblages showed distinct patterns in response to disturbances, with riparian shading and hydromorphological conditions being the strongest variables shaping macrophyte functional structure. In the multidimensional space, most of the non-native species were associated with disturbed conditions. These species had traits allowing faster colonisation rates (higher number of reproductive organs and larger root-rhizome system) and superior competitive abilities for resources (tall and dense canopy, heterophylly and greater preferences for light and nitrogen). In addition, lack of riparian shading increased the abundance of functionally distinct species (i.e. entropy), and eutrophication resulted in the growth of functionally unique species (i.e. originality). We demonstrated that stream reach-scale habitat disturbances were associated to a dominance of more productive species, equating to a greater abundance of non-native species. This, can result in a displacement of native species, habitat alterations, and changes to higher trophic level assemblages. Our results suggests that reach-scale management efforts such as the conservation and restoration of riparian vegetation that provides substantial shading and hydromorphologically diverse in-stream habitat, would have beneficial direct and indirect effects on ecosystem functioning, and contribute to the mitigation of land-use impacts.}, }
@article {pmid31096340, year = {2019}, author = {Carolus, H and Muzarabani, KC and Hammoud, C and Schols, R and Volckaert, FAM and Barson, M and Huyse, T}, title = {A cascade of biological invasions and parasite spillback in man-made Lake Kariba.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {659}, number = {}, pages = {1283-1292}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.307}, pmid = {31096340}, issn = {1879-1026}, mesh = {Animals ; Disease Vectors ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Fasciola hepatica ; Gastropoda/parasitology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; Lakes/*parasitology ; Parasites/classification/growth &amp; development ; Phylogeny ; Ruminants ; Zimbabwe ; }, abstract = {Parasite spillback, the infection of a non-indigenous organism by a native parasite, is a highly important although understudied component of ecological invasion dynamics. Here, through the first analysis of the parasite fauna of lymnaeid gastropods of Lake Kariba (Zimbabwe). We illustrate how the creation of an artificial lake may lead to a cascade of biological invasions in which an invasive aquatic plant promotes the proliferation of invasive gastropods, which in turn alters the epidemiology of trematodiases of potential medical and veterinary importance. Using a new multiplex Rapid Diagnostic PCR assay, we assessed the prevalence of Fasciola sp. infections in the gastropod populations. Both gastropod hosts and trematode parasites were identified using DNA barcoding. We provide the first record of the invasive North-American gastropod Pseudosuccinea columella in Lake Kariba. This species was found at 14 out of 16 sampled sites and its abundance was strongly positively correlated with the abundance of the invasive South-American water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). About 65% of the P. columella specimens analysed were infected with a hitherto unknown Fasciola species. Phylogenetic analyses indicate close affinity to Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, which cause fasciolosis, an important liver disease affecting both ruminants and humans. In addition, another non-native Lymnaeid species was found: a Radix sp. that clustered closely with a Vietnamese Radix species. Radix sp. hosted both amphistome and Fasciola trematodes. By linking an invasion cascade and parasite spillback, this study shows how both processes can act in combination to lead to potentially important epidemiological changes.}, }
@article {pmid30019849, year = {2019}, author = {Rojas, TN and Vergara-Tabares, DL and Valdez, DJ and Ponzio, MF and Peluc, SI}, title = {Food supplementation by an invasive fleshy-fruited shrub sustains body condition of a native frugivorous bird during winter.}, journal = {Integrative zoology}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {259-269}, doi = {10.1111/1749-4877.12353}, pmid = {30019849}, issn = {1749-4877}, mesh = {Animals ; *Body Weight ; Cortisone/blood ; *Feeding Behavior ; *Fruit ; Introduced Species ; Plants/*classification ; Seasons ; Songbirds/blood/*physiology ; }, abstract = {Birds tend to adjust their behavior and physiology to changes in food availability in their environment. Seasonal fluctuation of food resources may act as an energetic challenge, augmenting hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) activity, leading to an increase in corticosterone concentrations and promoting the metabolism of energy stores. Plant invasions may alter seasonal food fluctuations by providing a food supply during scarce seasons. This could attenuate the energetic challenge, reducing HPA axis activity and the metabolism of reserves. Using a system with seasonal fluctuation in food availability, we tested if fruit supplementation by the invasive fleshy-fruited Pyracantha angustifolia during the season of native fruit scarcity decreases the consumption of energy stores through activity attenuation of the HPA axis. We measured changes in body condition and circulating corticosterone (CORT) concentration in Turdus chiguanco occurring at sites both invaded and not invaded by P. angustifolia over 3 time periods that correspond to the periods prior to, during and after highest fruit production of the plant. Fruit scarcity in the ecosystem appears as an energetic challenge for T. chiguanco, given that body mass, fat score and residuals of body mass/tarsus length decreased during winter in a site not invaded by the exotic shrub. Conversely, the presence of the invasive plant seemed to attenuate the metabolism of energetic reserves, as we did not record changes in body condition in birds inhabiting the invaded site. Unexpectedly, plasma CORT concentration did not vary between sites or periods. Further evaluation is required to elucidate how enhanced body condition, resulting from the consumption of a fleshy-fruited invasive plant, affects survivorship and reproductive performance in T. chiguanco.}, }
@article {pmid29735984, year = {2018}, author = {Donovan, GH and Gatziolis, D and Longley, I and Douwes, J}, title = {Vegetation diversity protects against childhood asthma: results from a large New Zealand birth cohort.}, journal = {Nature plants}, volume = {4}, number = {6}, pages = {358-364}, doi = {10.1038/s41477-018-0151-8}, pmid = {29735984}, issn = {2055-0278}, mesh = {Adolescent ; Air Pollution/adverse effects ; Asthma/*epidemiology/etiology ; *Biodiversity ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coniferophyta ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Introduced Species ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; *Plants ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Ulex ; }, abstract = {We assessed the association between the natural environment and asthma in 49,956 New Zealand children born in 1998 and followed up until 2016 using routinely collected data. Children who lived in greener areas, as measured by the normalized difference vegetation index, were less likely to be asthmatic: a 1 s.d. increase in normalized difference vegetation index was associated with a 6.0% (95% CI 1.9-9.9%) lower risk of asthma. Vegetation diversity was also protective: a 1 s.d. increase in the number of natural land-cover types in a child's residential meshblock was associated with a 6.7% (95% CI 1.5-11.5%) lower risk. However, not all land-cover types were protective. A 1 s.d. increase in the area covered by gorse (Ulex europaeus) or exotic conifers, both non-native, low-biodiversity land-cover types, was associated with a 3.2% (95% CI 0.0-6.0%) and 4.2% (95% CI 0.9-7.5%) increased risk of asthma, respectively. The results suggest that exposure to greenness and vegetation diversity may be protective of asthma.}, }
@article {pmid31188494, year = {2019}, author = {Mize, EL and Erickson, RA and Merkes, CM and Berndt, N and Bockrath, K and Credico, J and Grueneis, N and Merry, J and Mosel, K and Tuttle-Lau, M and Von Ruden, K and Woiak, Z and Amberg, JJ and Baerwaldt, K and Finney, S and Monroe, E}, title = {Refinement of eDNA as an early monitoring tool at the landscape-level: Study design considerations.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e01951}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1951}, pmid = {31188494}, issn = {1051-0761}, abstract = {Natural resource managers use data on the spatial range of species to guide management decisions. These data come from survey or monitoring efforts that use a wide variety of tools. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a surveillance tool that uses genetic markers for detecting species and holds potential as a tool for large-scale monitoring programs. Two challenges of eDNA-based studies are uncertainties created by imperfect capture of eDNA in collection samples (e.g., water field samples) and imperfect detection of eDNA using molecular methods (e.g., quantitative PCR). Occurrence models can be used to address these challenges, thus we use an occurrence model to address two objectives: First, determine how many samples were required to detect species using eDNA; Second, examine when and where to take samples. We collected water samples from three different habitat types in the Upper Mississippi River when both Bighead Carp and Silver Carp were known to be present based on telemetry detections. Each habitat type (backwater, tributary, and impoundment) was sampled during April, May and November. Detections of eDNA for both species varied across sites and months, but were generally low, 0 - 19.3% of samples were positive for eDNA. Overall, we found that eDNA-based sampling holds promise to be a powerful monitoring tool for resource managers, however, limitations of eDNA-based sampling include different biological and ecological characteristics of target species such as seasonal habitat usage patterns as well as aspects of different physical environments that impact the implementation of these methods such as water temperature. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31183689, year = {2019}, author = {Thorn, JPR}, title = {Adaptation &quot;from below&quot; to changes in species distribution, habitat and climate in agro-ecosystems in the Terai Plains of Nepal.}, journal = {Ambio}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s13280-019-01202-0}, pmid = {31183689}, issn = {1654-7209}, abstract = {Recent land-use and climatic shifts are expected to alter species distributions, the provisioning of ecosystem services, and livelihoods of biodiversity-dependent societies living in multifunctional landscapes. However, to date, few studies have integrated social and ecological evidence to understand how humans perceive change, and adapt agro-ecological practices at the landscape scale. Mixed method fieldwork compared observed changes in plant species distribution across a climatic gradient to farmers' perceptions in biodiversity and climate change in rice-cultivated farms. In contrast to the global context, farmers in the Terai Plains of Nepal are acutely aware of high levels of change observed in the last 10 years, and incrementally adapt as new invasive species emerge (93%), the incidence and severity of pest/diseases increase (66%), genetic diversity of indigenous varieties erodes (65%), forest habitats diminish (98%), irrigation water declines (60%), and wildlife ranges shift. Twenty-five changes in climate were reported by 97.5% of farmers to reduce provisioning services and food self-sufficiency, and increase exposure to waterborne pathogens, heat stress, and human or livestock mortality. The study illustrates the need for financial and institutional supports at all levels to strengthen agro-ecological practices, upscale Information Communication Technology for extension services, clarify tenure agreements, and safeguard natural ecosystems to slow biodiversity loss. Existing incentives to conserve, restore, or sustainably manage ecosystems offer lessons for other societies undergoing rapid change.}, }
@article {pmid31180605, year = {2019}, author = {Requena-Mullor, JM and Maguire, KC and Shinneman, DJ and Trevor Caughlin, T}, title = {Integrating anthropogenic factors into regional-scale species distribution models - a novel application in the imperiled sagebrush biome.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.14728}, pmid = {31180605}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {Species distribution models (SDM) that rely on regional-scale environmental variables will play a key role in forecasting species occurrence in the face of climate change. However, in the Anthropocene, a number of local-scale anthropogenic variables, including wildfire history, land-use change, invasive species, and ecological restoration practices can override regional-scale variables to drive patterns of species distribution. Incorporating these human-induced factors into SDMs remains a major research challenge, in part because spatial variability in these factors occurs at fine scales, rendering prediction over regional extents problematic. Here, we used big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) as a model species to explore whether including human-induced factors improves the fit of the SDM. We applied a Bayesian hurdle spatial approach using 21,753 data points of field-sampled vegetation obtained from the LANDFIRE program to model sagebrush occurrence and cover by incorporating fire history metrics and restoration treatments from 1980 to 2015 throughout the Great Basin of North America. Models including fire attributes and restoration treatments performed better than those including only climate and topographic variables. Number of fires and fire occurrence had the strongest relative effects on big sagebrush occurrence and cover, respectively. The models predicted that the probability of big sagebrush occurrence decreases by 1.2% (95% CI; -6.9%, 0.6%) when one fire occurs and that increasing fires from zero to at least one fire would decrease cover by 44.7% (95% CI; -47.9%, -41.3%). Restoration practices increased the probability of big sagebrush occurrence but had minimal effect on cover. Our results demonstrate the potential value of including disturbance and land management along with climate in models to predict species distributions. As an increasing number of datasets representing land use history become available, we anticipate that our modeling framework will have broad relevance across a range of biomes and species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31179179, year = {2019}, author = {Jean Baptiste, A and Macario, PA and Islebe, GA and Vargas-Larreta, B and Pool, L and Valdez-Hernández, M and López-Martínez, JO}, title = {Secondary Succession under invasive species (Pteridium aquilinum) conditions in a seasonal dry tropical forest in southeastern Mexico.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {e6974}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.6974}, pmid = {31179179}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {The role of invasive species in ecosystem functioning represents one of the main challenges in ecology. Pteridium aquilinum is a successful cosmopolitan invasive species with negative effects on the ecological mechanisms that allow secondary succession. In this study, we evaluated the influence of P. aquilinumon secondary succession under different disturbances in a seasonal dry forest of the Yucatán Peninsula. We determined species richness, composition and the relative importance value in four sampling units. Fabaceae followed by Asteraceae, Meliaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae and Verbenaceae were the most species rich families. A dissimilarity analysis determined significant differences in beta diversity between sampling units. With a generalized linear model we found that species richness was best explained by site conditions, followed by calcium and soil organic matter. Also, the generalized linear model showed that abundance resulted in a strong correlation with site conditions and soil characteristics. Specific soil conditions related to phosphoro and calcium were also detected as beneficiary to the successional processes. Our results suggest that applying fire restriction and periodic cutting of the bracken fern, this can increase a higher diversity of species.}, }
@article {pmid31178882, year = {2019}, author = {Mir, SH and Rashid, I and Hussain, B and Reshi, ZA and Assad, R and Sofi, IA}, title = {Silicon Supplementation of Rescuegrass Reduces Herbivory by a Grasshopper.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {671}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00671}, pmid = {31178882}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {The theory of coevolution suggests that herbivores play an important role in the diversification and composition of plant communities. A prevalent idea holds that grasses and grazing animals participated in an evolutionary &quot;arms race&quot; as grassland ecosystems started spreading across the continents. In this race, besides other things, silicification in the form of phytoliths occurred in the grasses, and the graminivorous herbivores responded through specialized mandibles to feed on plants rich in phytoliths. It is important to understand whether these mandibles equip the herbivores in different environments or the grasses can augment their defense by channelizing their energy in high resource milieu. Here we used rescuegrass (Bromus catharticus; Family: Poaceae), an alien species of South America, to understand the mechanism of resistance offered by this species against a local insect herbivore (Oxya grandis; Family: Acrididae), graminivorous grasshopper, in different silicon-rich environments. We used different concentrations of silicon and observed the types of phytoliths formed after Si amendments and studied the effect of phytoliths on mandible wear of the grasshopper. Silicon concentrations increased ca. 12 fold in the highest supplementation treatments. The results reveal that higher foliar silica concentration in Si-rich plants did not result in changing the morphology of the phytoliths; still the leaf tissue consumption was lower in higher Si treatments, perhaps due to mandibular wear of the grasshoppers. The study opens a new dimension of investigating the role of Si amendments in reducing herbivory.}, }
@article {pmid31172253, year = {2019}, author = {Gaudard, CA and Robertson, MP and Bishop, TR}, title = {Low levels of intraspecific trait variation in a keystone invertebrate group.}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00442-019-04426-9}, pmid = {31172253}, issn = {1432-1939}, abstract = {The trait-based approach to ecology promises to provide a mechanistic understanding of species distributions and ecosystem functioning. Typically, trait analyses focus on average species trait values and assume that intraspecific variation is small or negligible. Recent work has shown, however, that intraspecific trait variation can often contribute substantially to total trait variation. Whilst many studies have investigated intraspecific variation in plants, very few have done so for invertebrates. There is no research on the level of intraspecific trait variation in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), despite the fact that there is a growing body of literature using ant morphological trait data and demonstrating that these insects play important roles in many ecosystems and food webs. Here, we investigate the intraspecific variability of four commonly used ant morphological traits from 23 species from the Maloti-Drakensberg Mountains of southern Africa. In total, we measured 1145 different individuals and made 6870 trait measurements. Intraspecific variation accounted for only 1-4% of total trait variation for each of the four traits we analysed. We found no links between intraspecific variation, phylogeny and elevation. On average, six individuals generated robust species means but under biased sampling scenarios 20 individuals were needed. The low levels of intraspecific morphological variation that we find suggest that the approach of using mean species traits is valid, in this fauna at least. Regardless, we encourage ant trait ecologists to measure greater numbers of individuals, especially across gradients, to shed further light on intraspecific variation in this functionally important group of insects.}, }
@article {pmid31170618, year = {2019}, author = {Nicholls, S}, title = {Impacts of environmental disturbances on housing prices: A review of the hedonic pricing literature.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {246}, number = {}, pages = {1-10}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.144}, pmid = {31170618}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {The global environment is susceptible to many types of change, including alterations to the world's climate. Climate change has been linked to a host of modifications to the natural environment, including the increasing frequency and severity of disturbances such as pest outbreaks, invasions by non-native species, and wildfire. These in turn pose substantial risks to human wellbeing and health. Estimates of the direct and indirect costs of these events are important prerequisites to well-rounded cost-benefit analyses of preventative or control measures, themselves essential components of appropriate education, policy and management responses. This review brings together the evidence with respect to the impacts of disturbances such as pests, invasive species and wildfire on residential property values as measured using the hedonic pricing method. It demonstrates that whilst most disturbances have the expected negative or an insignificant house price impact, in some cases disturbances can lead to housing price rise. The possible causes and implications of these unanticipated positive price responses are discussed. Broader consequences of all directions of price impact are also considered, in particular for the development and implementation of polices designed to prevent the occurrence or spread of disturbances, or at a minimum mitigate their negative effects.}, }
@article {pmid31169454, year = {2019}, author = {Sakla, AJ and Detwiler, JT and Caballero, IC and Kelehear, C and Criscione, CD}, title = {Recognizing the Causes of Parasite Morphological Variation to Resolve the Status of a Cryptogenic Pentastome.}, journal = {The Journal of parasitology}, volume = {105}, number = {3}, pages = {432-441}, pmid = {31169454}, issn = {1937-2345}, abstract = {Exotic species can threaten biodiversity by introducing parasites to native hosts. Thus, it is critical to identify if the same parasite species infects both native and exotic hosts. However, developmental- or environmental-induced morphological variation may render species identification ambiguous. Our study reports a range expansion in the southern United States of the pentastome Raillietiella indica from the Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, as well as a host expansion into the green anole, Anolis carolinensis, in the anole's native range. Species identification was based on sequence data and male spicule shape. In agreement with a study from Australia, we found that much of the morphological variation in hook measurements, the primary diagnostic traits of raillietiellid pentastomes, was due to development. Here, we explicitly link this developmental variation to instar stage by incorporating experimental infection data obtained from the literature. We also show that the various hook traits are themselves highly correlated and, thus, likely not independent. Taking instar stage and correlated hook variables into account, we directly controlled for development on a composite hook size measurement. Using a large sample size from H. turcicus, we did not find any consistent effects of potential factors (host sex, host snout-vent-length, or parasite intensity) that may result in environmental-induced variation in relative hook size (corrected for body length). However, relative male spicule size tended to be negatively correlated with parasite intensity. In contrast, both pentastome body length and relative hook size significantly varied among host species whereas relative male spicule size was not significantly different among host species. Our study independently supports the conclusions that developmental- and host-induced morphological variations need to be accounted for to accurately identify pentastome species.}, }
@article {pmid31168619, year = {2019}, author = {DuRant, SE and Willson, JD and Carroll, RB}, title = {Parental effects and climate change: Will avian incubation behavior shield embryos from increasing environmental temperatures?.}, journal = {Integrative and comparative biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/icb/icz083}, pmid = {31168619}, issn = {1557-7023}, abstract = {A major driver of wildlife responses to climate change will include non-genomic effects, like those mediated through parental behavior and physiology (i.e., parental effects). Parental effects can influence lifetime reproductive success and survival, and thus population-level processes. However, the extent to which parental effects will contribute to population persistence or declines in response to climate change is not well understood. These effects may be substantial for species that exhibit extensive parental care behaviors like birds. Environmental temperature is important in shaping avian incubation behavior, both of which interact to determine the thermal conditions embryos are exposed to during development, and subsequently avian phenotypes and secondary sex ratios. In this paper, we argue that incubation behavior may be an important mediator of avian responses to climate change, we compare incubation strategies of two species adapted to different thermal environments nesting in extreme heat, and we present a simple model that estimates changes in egg temperature based on these incubation patterns and predicted increases in maximum daily air temperature. We demonstrate that the predicted increase in air temperature by 2100 in the central United States will increase temperatures eggs experience during afternoon off-bouts, and the proportion of nests exposed to lethal temperatures. To better understand how species and local adaptations and behavioral-plasticity of incubation behavior will contribute to population responses to climate change, comparisons are needed across more avian populations, species, and thermal landscapes.}, }
@article {pmid29317757, year = {2018}, author = {Johansson, ML and Dufour, BA and Wellband, KW and Corkum, LD and MacIsaac, HJ and Heath, DD}, title = {Human-mediated and natural dispersal of an invasive fish in the eastern Great Lakes.}, journal = {Heredity}, volume = {120}, number = {6}, pages = {533-546}, pmid = {29317757}, issn = {1365-2540}, mesh = {Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/classification/*genetics ; Genetic Variation ; *Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Great Lakes Region ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Ontario ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; }, abstract = {The globally invasive Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus) was introduced to the Great Lakes around 1990, spreading widely and becoming the dominant benthic fish in many areas. The speed and scope of this invasion is remarkable and calls into question conventional secondary spread models and scenarios. We utilized nine microsatellites to identify large-scale genetic structure in Round Goby populations in the eastern Great Lakes, and assessed the role of colonization vs. secondary transport and dispersal in developing this structure. We identified three clusters, corresponding with Lake Huron, eastern Lake Erie, and western Lake Erie plus eastern Lake Ontario, along with three highly divergent populations. Bottleneck analysis identified founder effects in two divergent populations. Regression analyses of isolation by distance and allelic richness vs. distance from the initial invasion site were consistent with limited migration. However, some populations in eastern Lake Erie and Lake Ontario showed anomalously low genetic distance from the original site of colonization, consistent with secondary transport of large numbers of individuals via ballast water. We conclude that genetic structure of Round Goby in the Great Lakes principally resulted from long-distance secondary transport via ballast water with additional movement of individual via bait buckets and natural dispersal. The success of Round Gobies represents an interesting model for colonization characterization; however, those same attributes present significant challenges for conservation and fisheries management. Current management likely prevents many new species from arriving in the Great Lakes, but fails to address the transport of species within the lakes after they arrive; this is an issue of clear and pressing importance.}, }
@article {pmid30529381, year = {2019}, author = {Fox, EGP and Wu, X and Wang, L and Chen, L and Lu, YY and Xu, Y}, title = {Queen venom isosolenopsin A delivers rapid incapacitation of fire ant competitors.}, journal = {Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology}, volume = {158}, number = {}, pages = {77-83}, doi = {10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.428}, pmid = {30529381}, issn = {1879-3150}, mesh = {Alkaloids/*toxicity ; Animals ; Ant Venoms/chemistry/*toxicity ; Ants/*drug effects ; Female ; Introduced Species ; Species Specificity ; }, abstract = {Fire ant venom contains insecticidal alkaloids named 'solenopsins'. Whilst species-specific differences are reported, little attention has been given to caste-specific venom adaptations. The venom of fire ant queens has remained particularly poorly studied, though studies have shown it to be strikingly similar across different species, in being primarily composed of the alkaloid isosolenopsin A, regardless of the chemical configuration in workers. We predict that this is the evolutionary outcome of stabilising selection, implying that a shared mechanism is responsible for the conserved venom composition among fire ant queens. The present investigation tests whether venom plays a role in nest founding, when queens must succeed in isolation in the field against competitor species. Here, we report that fire ant queen venom and isosolenopsin A are faster to incapacitate alien ants than the venom of fire ant workers. Representative sympatric competitor ant species were selected and exposed on their heads to the venom of workers and queens of the invasive fire ant species Solenopsis invicta and S. geminata. Queen venom was found to incapacitate rival foragers quicker than worker venom. The effects were reproduced using synthetic solenopsins, establishing that solenopsin A analogues are particularly effective contact neurotoxins. Overall, the venom of S. invicta is more lethal than of S. geminata, regardless of the incapacitation speed. We believe these are fundamental aspects of the chemical ecology of the invasive ants which remain overlooked, and emphasise the need for further studies into the venom biology of founding queens.}, }
@article {pmid29949436, year = {2018}, author = {Battonyai, I and Voronezhskaya, EE and Obukhova, A and Horváth, R and Nezlin, LP and Elekes, K}, title = {Neuronal Development in the Larvae of the Invasive Biofouler Dreissena polymorpha (Mollusca: Bivalvia), with Special Attention to Sensory Elements and Swimming Behavior.}, journal = {The Biological bulletin}, volume = {234}, number = {3}, pages = {192-206}, doi = {10.1086/698511}, pmid = {29949436}, issn = {1939-8697}, mesh = {Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Dreissena/*cytology/growth &amp; development/*physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Larva ; Nervous System/growth &amp; development ; Sensory Receptor Cells/physiology ; *Swimming ; }, abstract = {Although understanding of the neuronal development of Trochozoa has progressed recently, little attention has been paid to freshwater bivalves, including species with a strong ecological impact, such as the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Therefore, an important question might concern how the developing nervous system is involved in the formation of the rapid and successful invasive behavior of this species. Our aim was to reveal the neuronal development of trochophore and veliger larvae of Dreissena, with special attention to the organization of sensory structures and their possible involvement in detecting environmental cues. After applying serotonin and FMRFamide immunocytochemistry, the first serotonin immunoreactive sensory elements appeared 16-18 hours after fertilization, whereas the first FMRFamide immunoreactive sensory cell was seen only at 32 hours of development (trochophore stage). Later, sensory elements were found in three parts of the larval body, including the apical organ, the posterior region, and the stomach. Although differences in the timing of appearance and the morphology of cells were observed, the two signaling systems showed basic similarity in their organization pattern until the end of the veliger stage. Pharmacological, physiological, and quantitative immunocytochemical investigations were also performed, suggesting the involvement of both the serotoninergic system and the FMRFamidergic system in sensomotor processes. Manipulation of the serotonin synthesis by para-chloroplenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophane, as well as application of increased salinity, influenced larval swimming activity, both accompanied by changes in immunofluorescence intensity. We concluded that these two early sensory systems may play an important role in the development of settlement competency of this biofouling invasive bivalve, Dreissena.}, }
@article {pmid29471482, year = {2018}, author = {Rainey, T and Occi, JL and Robbins, RG and Egizi, A}, title = {Discovery of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Parasitizing a Sheep in New Jersey, United States.}, journal = {Journal of medical entomology}, volume = {55}, number = {3}, pages = {757-759}, doi = {10.1093/jme/tjy006}, pmid = {29471482}, issn = {1938-2928}, mesh = {*Animal Distribution ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; Ixodidae/*physiology ; New Jersey/epidemiology ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Sheep, Domestic ; Tick Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/*veterinary ; }, abstract = {We report the discovery of large numbers of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Ixodida: Ixodidae) infesting a sheep in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. All life stages were found on the sheep, which had no history of travel outside the country. H. longicornis is native to East Asia, and there are invasive populations in Australia, New Zealand and several Pacific islands, where this tick is a major livestock pest. It is currently unknown whether the New Jersey collections represent a limited or established population, but because this species could present a significant threat to human and animal health in the United States, vigilance is encouraged.}, }
@article {pmid29452383, year = {2018}, author = {Ibañez-Justicia, A and Teekema, S and den Hartog, W and Jacobs, F and Dik, M and Stroo, A}, title = {The Effectiveness of Asian Bush Mosquito (Aedes japonicus japonicus) Control Actions in Colonised Peri-urban Areas in the Netherlands.}, journal = {Journal of medical entomology}, volume = {55}, number = {3}, pages = {673-680}, pmid = {29452383}, issn = {1938-2928}, mesh = {*Aedes/growth &amp; development ; Animals ; Cities ; Introduced Species ; Larva/growth &amp; development ; *Mosquito Control ; Netherlands ; }, abstract = {The Asian bush mosquito (Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald)) is an invasive mosquito species in Europe. In 2012, it was for the first time detected in the Netherlands, in the municipality of Lelystad. After further research, thousands of specimens were found in the surrounding peri-urban areas of the city. A targeted mosquito control campaign began in 2015 with the objective of reducing populations in locations with the highest concentrations of Ae. japonicus breeding sites: allotment garden complexes. Mosquito control consisted of source reduction combined with application of the larvicide Vectomax in breeding sites. At eight complexes, mosquito control effectiveness has been systematically measured by sampling larvae from breeding sites. Six measurements were performed between 2015 and 2016. Results show that the effectiveness of mosquito control actions was similar in all treated allotment gardens and resulted in a significant reduction in Ae. japonicus larval abundance. Rain barrels at the allotments represent the most frequent breeding site in Lelystad, but every water filled artificial container is a potential breeding site for the species. Ae. japonicus was not found in the samples taken in other allotment gardens in the province of Flevoland; however, the collection methodology used proven to be effective in detecting this species when it has newly colonized surrounding areas. Targeted mosquito control actions at the breeding sites are crucial for successful reduction of populations of an invasive mosquito species, and systematic measurements of the effectiveness, is in this case, the base to understand the dynamics of Ae. japonicus populations after mosquito control.}, }
@article {pmid31163025, year = {2019}, author = {Kolimenakis, A and Bithas, K and Latinopoulos, D and Richardson, C}, title = {On lifestyle trends, health and mosquitoes: Formulating welfare levels for control of the Asian tiger mosquito in Greece.}, journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases}, volume = {13}, number = {6}, pages = {e0007467}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0007467}, pmid = {31163025}, issn = {1935-2735}, abstract = {The expansion of urban ecosystems and climate change, both outcomes of massive lifestyle changes, contribute to a series of side effects such as environmental deterioration, spread of diseases, increased greenhouse gas emissions and introduction of invasive species. In the case of the Athens metropolitan area, an invasive mosquito species-the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus)-has spread widely in the last decade. This spread is favoured within urban environments and is also affected by changing climatic trends. The Asian tiger mosquito is accompanied by risks of mosquito-borne diseases, greater nuisance levels, and increased expenses incurring for its confrontation. The main aims of this paper are (i) to estimate the various costs associated with their control of this invasive species, as well as its health and nuisance impacts, (ii) to evaluate the level of citizens' well-being from averting these impacts and (iii) to record citizens' and experts' perceptions regarding alternative control measures. Evidence shows that experts tend to place a high value on mosquito control when associated with serious health risks, while citizens are more sensitive and concerned about the environmental impacts of control methods. The synthesis of results produced by the current study could act as a preliminary guide for the estimation of societal welfare from the confrontation of similar problems in the context of a complex ecosystem.}, }
@article {pmid31160985, year = {2019}, author = {Matsumoto, Y and Takagi, T and Koda, R and Tanave, A and Yamashiro, A and Tamate, HB}, title = {Evaluation of introgressive hybridization among Cervidae in Japan's Kinki District via two novel genetic markers developed from public NGS data.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {10}, pages = {5605-5616}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5131}, pmid = {31160985}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Hybridization and backcrossing of native populations with introduced species can lead to introgression and genetic alteration. In this study, we evaluated introgression in 43 deer from a potential hybrid zone around Okinoshima Island, Kinki District, Japan. This region witnessed the migration of a hybrid population (cross between the Formosan sika deer [Cervus nippon taiouanus] and other deer species) that could potentially breed with the native Japanese sika deer (C. n. centralis). We used an existing genetic marker for the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and two novel markers for nuclear DNA, developed using publicly available next-generation sequencing data. We identified one mainland deer with a mitochondrial haplotype identical to that of the Formosan sika deer as well as nuclear heterozygous sequences identical to those of Formosan and Japanese sika deer. This suggests that the mainland deer is a hybrid offspring of the Okinoshima population and native deer. However, only Japanese sika deer sequences were found in the other 42 samples, indicating limited introgression. Nevertheless, hybridization pre- and postintroduction in the Okinoshima population could cause multispecies introgression among Japanese sika deer, negatively affecting genetic integrity. We developed a simple test based on polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism to detect introgression in natural populations. Our method can accelerate genetic monitoring of Japanese sika deer in Kinki District. In conclusion, to prevent further introgression and maintain genetic integrity of Japanese sika deer, we recommend establishing fences around Okinoshima Island to limit migration, besides a continued genetic monitoring of the native deer.}, }
@article {pmid30160996, year = {2018}, author = {Mueck, K and Deaton, LE and Lee, A and Guilbeaux, T}, title = {Physiology of the Apple Snail Pomacea maculata: Aestivation and Overland Dispersal.}, journal = {The Biological bulletin}, volume = {235}, number = {1}, pages = {43-51}, doi = {10.1086/698817}, pmid = {30160996}, issn = {1939-8697}, mesh = {*Adaptation, Physiological ; Animal Distribution/*physiology ; Animals ; Body Size ; Desiccation ; *Introduced Species ; Louisiana ; Snails/*physiology ; }, abstract = {Apple snails, in the genus Pomacea, have gained considerable notoriety for their impact on invaded habitats. Louisiana is currently under invasion by Pomacea maculata, which represents a potential threat to the state's valuable plants and cash crops. Insight into the physiology of the invasive snail may assist in developing control measures and enhance our understanding of the processes of adaptation and coevolution that accompany introductions. This paper addresses the capacity, extent, and means by which aquatic apple snails in Louisiana tolerate aerial exposure, as well as the factors that contribute to desiccation tolerance in P. maculata. Invasive P. maculata in Louisiana survived about 10 months of aestivation before 50% mortality was incurred, during which body mass was reduced by only about 30%; mortality and loss of body mass were positively correlated during aestivation. Size affects the loss of body mass in snails under 20 grams. Relative humidity interfered with the induction of aestivation, but it did not significantly affect the loss of body mass. Invasive apple snails in Louisiana also demonstrated the inclination and ability to sustain travel for at least three hours over dry land, at a rate of two meters per hour. The results of this study show that P. maculata is well adapted for survival in the absence of water. The ability to sustain travel over land and to endure long periods of aerial exposure suggests that the dry-down of infested bodies of water would not significantly impact populations of P. maculata in Louisiana.}, }
@article {pmid30160995, year = {2018}, author = {Cadierno, MP and Saveanu, L and Dreon, MS and Martín, PR and Heras, H}, title = {Biosynthesis in the Albumen Gland-Capsule Gland Complex Limits Reproductive Effort in the Invasive Apple Snail Pomacea canaliculata.}, journal = {The Biological bulletin}, volume = {235}, number = {1}, pages = {1-11}, doi = {10.1086/699200}, pmid = {30160995}, issn = {1939-8697}, mesh = {Animals ; Exocrine Glands/metabolism ; *Introduced Species ; Reproduction/physiology ; Snails/*physiology ; }, abstract = {High fecundity often contributes to successful invasives. In molluscs, this may be facilitated by the albumen gland-capsule gland complex, which in gastropods secretes the egg perivitelline fluid that nourishes and protects embryos. The biochemistry of the albumen gland-capsule gland complex and its relationship with fecundity remain largely unknown. We addressed these issues in Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822), a highly invasive gastropod whose fecundity and reproductive effort exceed those of ecologically similar gastropods. We evaluated the dynamics of its major secretion compounds (calcium, polysaccharides, and total proteins) as well as the gene expression and stored levels of perivitellins during key moments of the reproductive cycle, that is, before and after first copulation and at low, medium, and high reproductive output. Copulation and first oviposition do not trigger the onset of albumen gland-capsule gland complex biosynthesis. On the contrary, soon after an intermediate reproductive effort, genes encoding perivitellins overexpressed. A high reproductive effort caused a decrease in all albumen gland-capsule gland complex secretion components. Right after a high reproductive output, the albumen gland-capsule gland complex restored the main secretion components, and calcium recovered baseline reserves; but proteins and polysaccharides did not. These metabolic changes in the albumen gland-capsule gland complex after multiple ovipositions were reflected in a reduction in egg mass but did not compromise egg quality. At the end of the cycle, egg dry weight almost doubled the initial albumen gland-capsule gland complex weight. Results indicate that albumen gland-capsule gland complex biosynthesis limits a constantly high reproductive output. Therefore, lowering fecundity by targeting biosynthesis could effectively reduce the rate of this species' spread.}, }
@article {pmid29040730, year = {2018}, author = {Alto, BW and Wiggins, K and Eastmond, B and Ortiz, S and Zirbel, K and Lounibos, LP}, title = {Diurnal Temperature Range and Chikungunya Virus Infection in Invasive Mosquito Vectors.}, journal = {Journal of medical entomology}, volume = {55}, number = {1}, pages = {217-224}, doi = {10.1093/jme/tjx182}, pmid = {29040730}, issn = {1938-2928}, mesh = {Aedes/*virology ; Animals ; Chikungunya virus/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm ; Extremities/virology ; Female ; Florida ; Introduced Species ; Mosquito Vectors/virology ; Saliva/virology ; *Temperature ; }, abstract = {Climate strongly influences the geographic distribution and timing of mosquito-borne disease outbreaks. Environmental temperature affects phenotypic traits of mosquitoes including vector competence for arboviruses mediated by changes in infection, extrinsic incubation period and in rates of transmission. Most experiments, however, are done at constant temperatures. In nature, mosquitoes are more likely to experience daily fluctuations in temperature. Here we compare disseminated infection (leg infection) and saliva infection of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) from Florida following oral exposure to an Asian genotype of chikungunya virus emergent in the Americas. We evaluated experimentally the effect of variable temperature regimens on disseminated infection and saliva infection of these Aedes species. Each of three temperature regimes had approximately the same average temperature (27-28°C), but differed in the magnitude of the diurnal temperature range (DTR). The large DTR was 8.0°C (range 23-31°C) and the small DTR was 4.0°C (range 26-30°C) which approximate ranges in different locations of Florida during July-October when risk of transmission is highest. The constant temperature was set at 27°C. Testing three geographic populations of each mosquito species, significant effects on disseminated infection were detected for an interaction between temperature regime and geographic population for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. There were no significant treatment effects of temperature, geographic population, or temperature by geographic population interaction on saliva infection for either mosquito species. Constant temperature resulted in a higher viral load in the saliva of Ae. albopictus, but not Ae. aegypti, compared to conditions where the temperature fluctuated.}, }
@article {pmid28887483, year = {2017}, author = {Uddin, MDN and Robinson, RW}, title = {Responses of plant species diversity and soil physical-chemical-microbial properties to Phragmites australis invasion along a density gradient.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {11007}, pmid = {28887483}, issn = {2045-2322}, mesh = {*Biodiversity ; *Chemical Phenomena ; *Introduced Species ; Plants/*classification ; Poaceae/*growth &amp; development ; Population Density ; Soil/*chemistry ; *Soil Microbiology ; Victoria ; }, abstract = {The invasion of ecosystems by strongly colonising plants such as Phragmites australis is viewed as one of the greatest threats to plant diversity and soil properties. This study compared a range of diversity measures including soil properties and mycorrhizal potential under different degrees of Phragmites density among three populations in coastal wetland, Victoria, Australia. Species richness, evenness and Shanon-Wiener index had significantly higher values in low degree of Phragmites density in all populations. Higher densities had the lowest diversity, with Shannon-Wiener index = 0 and Simpson's index = 1 indicating its mono-specificity. Significant alterations in soil properties associated with different degrees of Phragmites density were noticed. These had interactive effects (population × density) on water content, dehydrogenase activity, microbial biomass (C, N and P) but not on pH, electrical conductivity, phenolics, organic carbon, and spore density. Furthermore, the study elucidated decrease of competitive abilities of native plants, by interfering with formation of mycorrhizal associations and biomass. Overall, our results suggest that significant ecological alterations in vegetation and soil variables (including mycorrhizal potential) were strongly dependent on Phragmites density. Such changes may lead to an important role in process of Phragmites invasion through disruption of functional relationships amongst those variables.}, }
@article {pmid31158305, year = {2019}, author = {Germain, RM and Jones, NT and Grainger, TN}, title = {Cryptic dispersal networks shape biodiversity in an invaded landscape.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e02738}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2738}, pmid = {31158305}, issn = {1939-9170}, abstract = {Species interact with the physical world in complex ways, and life-history strategies could cause species to differ in how they experience the connectedness of the same landscape. As a consequence, dispersal limitation might be present but not captured by distance-based measures of connectivity. To test these ideas, we surveyed plant communities that live on discrete patches of serpentine habitat embedded within an invaded nonserpentine habitat matrix. Species in these communities differ in dispersal mode (gravity, animal, or wind); thus we used satellite imagery to quantify landscape features that might differentially influence connectivity for some dispersal- mode groups over others (surface streams, animal paths). Our data yielded two key insights: first, dispersal limitation appeared to be absent using a conventional distance-based measure of connectivity, but emerged after considering forms of landscape connectivity relevant to each dispersal mode. Second, the landscape variables that emerged as most important to each dispersal mode were generally consistent with our predictions based on species' putative dispersal vectors, but also included unexpected interactive effects. For example, the richness of animal-dispersed species was positively associated with animal connectivity when patches were close in space, but when patches were isolated, animals had a strong negative effect. This finding alludes to the reduced ability of animals to disperse seeds between suitable patches in invaded landscapes because of increased inter-patch distances. Real landscapes include complex spatial flows of energy and matter, which, as our work demonstrates, sets up ecological opportunity for organisms to differ in how they disperse in a common landscape.}, }
@article {pmid31157944, year = {2019}, author = {Benkwitt, CE and Wilson, SK and Graham, NAJ}, title = {Seabird nutrient subsidies alter patterns of algal abundance and fish biomass on coral reefs following a bleaching event.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.14643}, pmid = {31157944}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {//Royal Society/ ; //Fondation Bertarelli/ ; }, abstract = {Cross-ecosystem nutrient subsidies play a key role in the structure and dynamics of recipient communities, but human activities are disrupting these links. Because nutrient subsidies may also enhance community stability, the effects of losing these inputs may be exacerbated in the face of increasing climate-related disturbances. Nutrients from seabirds nesting on oceanic islands enhance the productivity and functioning of adjacent coral reefs, but it is unknown whether these subsidies affect the response of coral reefs to mass bleaching events or whether the benefits of these nutrients persist following bleaching. To answer these questions, we surveyed benthic organisms and fishes around islands with seabirds and nearby islands without seabirds due to the presence of invasive rats. Surveys were conducted in the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean, immediately before the 2015-2016 mass bleaching event and, in 2018, two years following the bleaching event. Regardless of the presence of seabirds, relative coral cover declined by 32%. However, there was a post-bleaching shift in benthic community structure around islands with seabirds, which did not occur around islands with invasive rats, characterized by increases in two types of calcareous algae (crustose coralline algae [CCA] and Halimeda spp.). All feeding groups of fishes were positively affected by seabirds, but only herbivores and piscivores were unaffected by the bleaching event and sustained the greatest difference in biomass between islands with seabirds versus those with invasive rats. By contrast, corallivores and planktivores, both of which are coral-dependent, experienced the greatest losses following bleaching. Even though seabird nutrients did not enhance community-wide resistance to bleaching, they may still promote recovery of these reefs through their positive influence on CCA and herbivorous fishes. More broadly, the maintenance of nutrient subsidies, via strategies including eradication of invasive predators, may be important in shaping the response of ecological communities to global climate change.}, }
@article {pmid31156691, year = {2019}, author = {Tóth, VR and Villa, P and Pinardi, M and Bresciani, M}, title = {Aspects of Invasiveness of Ludwigia and Nelumbo in Shallow Temperate Fluvial Lakes.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {647}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00647}, pmid = {31156691}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {The relationship between invasive plant functional traits and their invasiveness is still the subject of scientific investigation, and the backgrounds of transition from non-native to invasive species in ecosystems are therefore poorly understood. Furthermore, our current knowledge on species invasiveness is heavily biased toward terrestrial species; we know much less about the influence of allochthonous plant traits on their invasiveness in aquatic ecosystems. In this paper, we present the results of a study on physiological and ecological traits of two introduced and three native macrophyte species in the Mantua lakes system (northern Italy). We compared their photophysiology, pigment content, leaf reflectance, and phenology in order to assess how the invasive Nelumbo nucifera and Ludwigia hexapetala perform compared to native species, Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba, and Trapa natans. We found L. hexapetala to have higher photosynthetic efficiency and to tolerate higher light intensities than N. nucifera and the native species especially at extreme weather conditions (prolonged exposure to high light and higher temperatures). Chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids content of both allochthonous species were substantially higher than those of native plants, suggesting adaptive response to the ecosystem of Mantua lakes system. Higher variability of recorded data in invasive species was also observed. These observations suggest advanced photosynthetic efficiency of the invasive species, especially L. hexapetala, resulting in faster growth rates and higher productivity. This was supported by the evaluation of seasonal dynamics mapped from satellite remote sensing data. This study provides empirical evidence for the relationship between specific plant physiological traits and invasiveness of aquatic plant species, highlighting the importance of trait studies in predicting ecosystem-level impacts of invasive plant species.}, }
@article {pmid31155422, year = {2019}, author = {Frost, CM and Allen, WJ and Courchamp, F and Jeschke, JM and Saul, WC and Wardle, DA}, title = {Using Network Theory to Understand and Predict Biological Invasions.}, journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2019.04.012}, pmid = {31155422}, issn = {1872-8383}, abstract = {Understanding and predicting biological invasions is challenging because of the complexity of many interacting players. A holistic approach is needed with the potential to simultaneously consider all relevant effects and effectors. Using networks to describe the relevant anthropogenic and ecological factors, from community-level to global scales, promises advances in understanding aspects of invasion from propagule pressure, through establishment, spread, and ecological impact of invaders. These insights could lead to development of new tools for prevention and management of invasions that are based on species' network characteristics and use of networks to predict the ecological effects of invaders. Here, we review the findings from network ecology that show the most promise for invasion biology and identify pressing needs for future research.}, }
@article {pmid30727994, year = {2019}, author = {Andriantsoa, R and Tönges, S and Panteleit, J and Theissinger, K and Carneiro, VC and Rasamy, J and Lyko, F}, title = {Ecological plasticity and commercial impact of invasive marbled crayfish populations in Madagascar.}, journal = {BMC ecology}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {8}, doi = {10.1186/s12898-019-0224-1}, pmid = {30727994}, issn = {1472-6785}, mesh = {Animals ; Astacoidea/*physiology ; Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Life History Traits ; Madagascar ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) is a monoclonal, parthenogenetically reproducing freshwater crayfish species that has formed multiple stable populations worldwide. Madagascar hosts a particularly large and rapidly expanding colony of marbled crayfish in a unique environment characterized by a very high degree of ecological diversity.<br><br>RESULTS: Here we provide a detailed characterization of five marbled crayfish populations in Madagascar and their habitats. Our data show that the animals can tolerate a wide range of ecological parameters, consistent with their invasive potential. While we detected marbled crayfish in sympatry with endemic crayfish species, we found no evidence for the transmission of the crayfish plague pathogen, a potentially devastating oomycete. Furthermore, our results also suggest that marbled crayfish are active predators of the freshwater snails that function as intermediate hosts for human schistosomiasis. Finally, we document fishing, farming and market sales of marbled crayfish in Madagascar.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide a paradigm for the complex network of factors that promotes the invasive spread of marbled crayfish. The commercial value of the animals is likely to result in further anthropogenic distribution.}, }
@article {pmid29228245, year = {2018}, author = {Vajda, EA and Webb, CE and Toi, C and Clancy, JC and Perez Cruz, J and Garcia, J and Baradi, C}, title = {New Record of Wyeomyia mitchellii (Diptera: Culicidae) on Guam, United States.}, journal = {Journal of medical entomology}, volume = {55}, number = {2}, pages = {477-480}, doi = {10.1093/jme/tjx222}, pmid = {29228245}, issn = {1938-2928}, mesh = {*Animal Distribution ; Animals ; Culicidae/growth &amp; development/*physiology ; Guam ; Introduced Species ; Larva/growth &amp; development/physiology ; }, abstract = {Wyeomyia (Wyeomyia) mitchellii (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae) was recovered for the first time on Guam, United States of America, in 2017. Larval specimens were collected from water-filled axils of bromeliads during a larval survey carried out in a residential neighborhood of the Chalan Pago/Ordot area. Native to the New World, Wy. mitchellii has likely made its way to the Pacific Islands through the possibly illegal import of ornamental bromeliads. While this mosquito does not represent a significant threat to public health, this finding highlights the vulnerability of the Pacific Islands to the introduction of exotic species, including mosquito species that may increase public health risks.}, }
@article {pmid31148329, year = {2019}, author = {Fey, SB and Vasseur, DA and Alujević, K and Kroeker, KJ and Logan, ML and O'Connor, MI and Rudolf, VHW and DeLong, JP and Peacor, S and Selden, RL and Sih, A and Clusella-Trullas, S}, title = {Opportunities for behavioral rescue under rapid environmental change.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.14712}, pmid = {31148329}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {Laboratory measurements of physiological and demographic tolerances are important to understanding the impact of climate change on species diversity; however, it has been recognized that forecasts based solely on these laboratory estimates overestimate risk by omitting the capacity for species to utilize microclimatic variation via behavioral adjustments in activity patterns or habitat choice. The complex, and often context-dependent nature, of microclimate utilization has been an impediment to the advancement of general predictive models. Here, we overcome this impediment and estimate the potential impact of warming on the fitness of ectotherms using a benefit/cost tradeoff derived from the simple and broadly documented thermal performance curve and a generalized cost function. Our framework reveals that, for certain environments, the cost of behavioral thermoregulation can be reduced as warming occurs, enabling behavioral buffering (e.g., the capacity for behavior to ameliorate detrimental impacts) and &quot;behavioral rescue&quot; from extinction in extreme cases. By applying our framework to operative temperature and physiological data collected at an extremely fine spatial scale in an African lizard, we show that new behavioral opportunities may emerge. Finally, we explore large-scale geographic differences in the impact of behavior on climate-impact projections using a global dataset of 38 insect species. These multiple lines of inference indicate that understanding the existing relationship between thermal characteristics (e.g., spatial configuration, spatial heterogeneity, and modal temperature) is essential for improving estimates of extinction risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31143945, year = {2019}, author = {Ebbenga, DN and Burkness, EC and Hutchison, WD}, title = {Evaluation of Exclusion Netting for Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Management in Minnesota Wine Grapes.}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toz143}, pmid = {31143945}, issn = {1938-291X}, abstract = {Spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), an economically damaging invasive species of numerous fruit crops, was first detected in Minnesota in 2012. High fecundity, and short generation times facilitated a rapid rise in the global pest status of D. suzukii, particularly in North America and Europe. To date, the majority of crop injury research has focused on fruit crops such as blueberries, raspberries, and cherries. However, little is known regarding the impact of D. suzukii on the wine grape industry in the upper Midwest region of the United States. Field trials were conducted in Minnesota during the summers of 2017-2018 to examine season-long phenology of D. suzukii in wine grape vineyards and wineries, and to assess the efficacy of exclusion netting for control of D. suzukii. Four treatments were evaluated, 1) open plot check (control), 2) open plot treated with an insecticide, 3) exclusion netting, and 4) exclusion netting, with artificial infestations of D. suzukii adults. Exclusion netting was applied at véraison and removed at harvest. On each sample date, 20 berries (10 intact and 10 injured) were collected from each plot for dissection. The number of larvae and adults were recorded for each berry to determine infestation levels. As shown by mean larval infestations and injured berries across treatments, exclusion netting provided a significant reduction in the level of D. suzukii infested berries when compared with the untreated check. These results indicate that exclusion netting could provide an effective alternative management strategy for D. suzukii in wine grapes.}, }
@article {pmid31143535, year = {2019}, author = {Androsiuk, P and Koc, J and Chwedorzewska, KJ and Górecki, R and Giełwanowska, I}, title = {Retrotransposon-based genetic variation of Poa annua populations from contrasting climate conditions.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {e6888}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.6888}, pmid = {31143535}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {Background: Poa annua L. is an example of a plant characterized by abundant, worldwide distribution from polar to equatorial regions. Due to its high plasticity and extraordinary expansiveness, P. annua is considered an invasive species capable of occupying and surviving in a wide range of habitats including pioneer zones, areas intensively transformed by human activities, remote subarctic meadows and even the Antarctic Peninsula region.<br><br>Methods: In the present study, we evaluated the utility of inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers for assessing the genetic variation of P. annua populations representing contrasting environments from the worldwide range of this species. The electrophoretic patterns of polymerase chain reaction products obtained for each individual were used to estimate the genetic diversity and differentiation between populations.<br><br>Results: iPBS genotyping revealed a pattern of genetic variation differentiating the six studied P. annua populations characterized by their different climatic conditions. According to the analysis of molecular variance, the greatest genetic variation was recorded among populations, whereas 41.75% was observed between individuals within populations. The results of principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and model-based clustering analysis showed a clear subdivision of analyzed populations. According to PCoA, populations from Siberia and the Kola Peninsula were the most different from each other and showed the lowest genetic variability. The application of STRUCTURE software confirmed the unique character of the population from the Kola Peninsula.<br><br>Discussion: The lowest variability of the Siberia population suggested that it was subjected to genetic drift. However, although demographic expansion was indicated by negative values of Fu's FS statistic and analysis of mismatch distribution, it was not followed by significant traces of a bottleneck or a founder effect. For the Antarctic population, the observed level of genetic variation was surprisingly high, despite the observed significant traces of bottleneck/founder effect following demographic expansion, and was similar to that observed in populations from Poland and the Balkans. For the Antarctic population, the multiple introduction events from different sources are considered to be responsible for such an observation. Moreover, the results of STRUCTURE and PCoA showed that the P. annua from Antarctica has the highest genetic similarity to populations from Europe.<br><br>Conclusions: The observed polymorphism should be considered as a consequence of the joint influence of external abiotic stress and the selection process. Environmental changes, due to their ability to induce transposon activation, lead to the acceleration of evolutionary processes through the production of genetic variability.}, }
@article {pmid31142287, year = {2019}, author = {Cohen, P and Privman, E}, title = {Speciation and hybridization in invasive fire ants.}, journal = {BMC evolutionary biology}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {111}, doi = {10.1186/s12862-019-1437-9}, pmid = {31142287}, issn = {1471-2148}, support = {2013408//US-Israel Binational Science Foundation/ ; 646/15, 2140/15, 2155/15//Israel Science Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: A major focus of evolutionary biology is the formation of reproductive barriers leading to divergence and ultimately, speciation. Often, it is not clear whether the separation of populations is complete or if there still is ongoing gene flow in the form of rare cases of admixture, known as isolation with migration. Here, we studied the speciation of two fire ant species, Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri, both native to South America, both inadvertently introduced to North America in the early twentieth century. While the two species are known to admix in the introduced range, in the native range no hybrids were found.<br><br>RESULTS: We conducted a population genomic survey of native and introduced populations of the two species using reduced representation genomic sequencing of 337 samples. Using maximum likelihood analysis over native range samples, we found no evidence of any gene flow between the species since they diverged. We estimated their time of divergence to 190,000 (100,000-350,000) generations ago. Modelling the demographic history of native and introduced S. invicta populations, we evaluated their divergence times and historic and contemporary population sizes, including the original founder population in North America, which was estimated at 26 (10-93) unrelated singly-mated queens.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We provide evidence for complete genetic isolation maintained between two invasive species in their natïve range, based, for the first time, on large scale genomic data analysis. The results lay the foundations for further studies into different stages in the formation of genetic barriers in dynamic, invasive populations.}, }
@article {pmid29551097, year = {2018}, author = {Lopes, RJ and Correia, J and Batalha, H and Cardoso, GC}, title = {Haemosporidian parasites missed the boat during the introduction of common waxbills (Estrilda astrild) in Iberia.}, journal = {Parasitology}, volume = {145}, number = {11}, pages = {1493-1498}, doi = {10.1017/S0031182018000331}, pmid = {29551097}, issn = {1469-8161}, mesh = {Animals ; Bird Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Genetic Variation ; Haemosporida/genetics/*physiology ; Introduced Species ; Passeriformes/*parasitology ; Portugal ; Prevalence ; Protozoan Infections, Animal/*epidemiology ; }, abstract = {Exotic species can experience fast expansion in new environments, especially if they left their pathogens behind (Enemy Release hypothesis) or brought novel pathogens to the native competitors (Novel Weapon hypothesis). Common waxbills (Estrilda astrild) are native to sub-Saharan Africa and invaded west Iberia since the 1960s. Past haemosporidian parasite surveys at four locations in Portugal showed that waxbills can be infected with parasites, though with very low prevalence. However, it is not known if this pattern generalizes across their distribution range, or if there are geographic differences in parasite prevalence. It is also not discussed if this is a case of Enemy Release, as opposed to waxbills being also little parasitized in their native range. We screened 617 waxbills in 23 sites in Portugal and detected nine parasite lineages, most of them only known to the Palearctic. Only ten individuals were parasitized, and there was no significant geographical pattern on the prevalence. Overall, this population shows very low prevalence of haemosporidians (1.6% prevalence), which contrasts with significantly higher prevalence in native grounds, as compiled from the literature. These data support Enemy Release as the most likely hypothesis, which may have been important for their success as an exotic species.}, }
@article {pmid31140148, year = {2019}, author = {Assour, HR and Behm, JE}, title = {First Occurrence of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the Caribbean Island of Curaçao.}, journal = {Neotropical entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s13744-019-00699-0}, pmid = {31140148}, issn = {1678-8052}, support = {858.14.040//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NL)/ ; }, abstract = {The predatory ladybird species, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius), is native to Asia and Australia but has established populations outside its native range, most recently on the eastern and northern coast of South America. Here, we report for the first time the identification of the introduced ladybird beetle, C. sexmaculata, to the Caribbean islands, specifically the island of Curaçao. Although C. sexmaculata is typically considered beneficial and used as a means of biological control in continental ecosystems, due to its high predatory and reproductive ability, it has the potential to cause major ecological impacts as an invader to sensitive Caribbean island ecosystems.}, }
@article {pmid31139001, year = {2019}, author = {Robertson, DR and Domínguez-Dominguez, O and Aroyo, YML and Mendoza, RM and Simões, N}, title = {Reef-associated fishes from the offshore reefs of western Campeche Bank, Mexico, with a discussion of mangroves and seagrass beds as nursery habitats.}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {843}, number = {}, pages = {71-115}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.843.33873}, pmid = {31139001}, issn = {1313-2989}, abstract = {A series of small emergent coral reefs and shallow, submerged coralliferous banks are scattered along the western edge of Campeche Bank (southwest Gulf of Mexico), 150-200 km offshore from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Here a reasonably comprehensive, annotated checklist of reef-associated fishes for one reef, Cayo Arcas (expanded from 162 to 209 species) is presented, with preliminary checklists of such fishes from three other emergent reefs (Cayo Arenas, Triángulo Oeste, Triángulo Este) and four submerged bank reefs (Banco Obispo Norte, Banco Obispo Sur, Banco Nuevo and Banco Pera). During 2017-18 a total of 260 species was observed or collected from those reefs, and previous studies and georeferenced museum records in the global aggregator Fishnet2 added another 101 shallow-living species recorded on or adjacent to those reefs. Some coral-reef fishes are thought to be strongly dependent on seagrass and mangrove areas as nursery habitats for maintenance of their local populations on reefs near to those habitats. The abundance of a number of such &quot;nursery&quot; species on these Campeche reefs indicates otherwise, as there are no seagrass- or mangrove habitats for reef fishes within ~ 150 km of the study reefs. Other isolated Caribbean-area reefs that lack mangroves and, in some cases, seagrasses, also support many such nursery species of reef-fishes.}, }
@article {pmid28771819, year = {2017}, author = {Bueno, CG and Marín, C and Silva-Flores, P and Aguilera, P and Godoy, R}, title = {Think globally, research locally: emerging opportunities for mycorrhizal research in South America: First international mycorrhizal meeting in South America, 'Mycorrhizal symbiosis in the southern cone of South America', Valdivia, Chile, 6-9 March 2017.}, journal = {The New phytologist}, volume = {215}, number = {4}, pages = {1306-1309}, doi = {10.1111/nph.14709}, pmid = {28771819}, issn = {1469-8137}, mesh = {Chile ; Congresses as Topic ; Crops, Agricultural/*microbiology ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; Mycorrhizae/*physiology ; Research ; }, }
@article {pmid31134712, year = {2019}, author = {Zettlemoyer, MA and Schultheis, EH and Lau, JA}, title = {Phenology in a warming world: differences between native and non-native plant species.}, journal = {Ecology letters}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13290}, pmid = {31134712}, issn = {1461-0248}, support = {//Michigan State University AgBioResearch/ ; 2124//Kellogg Biological Station/ ; DEB 1637653//NSF Long-term Ecological Research Program/ ; }, abstract = {Phenology is a harbinger of climate change, with many species advancing flowering in response to rising temperatures. However, there is tremendous variation among species in phenological response to warming, and any phenological differences between native and non-native species may influence invasion outcomes under global warming. We simulated global warming in the field and found that non-native species flowered earlier and were more phenologically plastic to temperature than natives, which did not accelerate flowering in response to warming. Non-native species' flowering also became more synchronous with other community members under warming. Earlier flowering was associated with greater geographic spread of non-native species, implicating phenology as a potential trait associated with the successful establishment of non-native species across large geographic regions. Such phenological differences in both timing and plasticity between native and non-natives are hypothesised to promote invasion success and population persistence, potentially benefiting non-native over native species under climate change.}, }
@article {pmid31134115, year = {2019}, author = {Ye, XQ and Yan, YN and Wu, M and Yu, FH}, title = {High Capacity of Nutrient Accumulation by Invasive Solidago canadensis in a Coastal Grassland.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {575}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00575}, pmid = {31134115}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Background: Solidago canadensis is a notorious invasive species from North America that is spreading across East China. It is invading some coastal grasslands and replacing native grass species. The effects of the S. canadensis invasion on soil nutrient cycling in the grasslands remain unclear. This study examined the effects of the invasion of S. canadensis on macronutrient accumulation in species aboveground part and soil.<br><br>Methods: Aboveground biomass, macronutrient (N, P, and K) pools in biomass, litter mass and decomposition rates, soil macronutrient availability and soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity that were related to nutrient transformation were compared between plots invaded by S. canadensis and uninvaded plots dominated by three different native grass species: Phacelurus latifolius, Phragmites australis, and Imperata cylindrica.<br><br>Results: S. canadensis had higher aboveground biomass, higher leaf N, P, and K concentrations, and consequently, a larger macronutrient pool size in the standing biomass. S. canadensis also produced more litter with higher N, P, and K concentrations and faster decomposition rates. The S. canadensis invasion did not change the total N, P, and K concentration in the topsoil (0-10 cm), but the invasion did increase their availability. The S. canadensis invasion did not increase the total soil organic matter (TSOM) content but did increase the soil microbial biomass and the activities of urease, alkaline phosphatase, invertase, amylase, and glucosidase in the topsoil.<br><br>Conclusion: The invasion of S. canadensis accelerates the macronutrient cycling rate via increases in aboveground productivity and nutrient accumulation in standing biomass, faster nutrient release from litter and higher soil microbial activity. An enhanced nutrient cycling rate may further enhance its invasiveness through a positive feedback on soil processes.}, }
@article {pmid31134104, year = {2019}, author = {Pulzatto, MM and Cunha, ER and Dainez-Filho, MS and Thomaz, SM}, title = {Association Between the Success of an Invasive Macrophyte, Environmental Variables and Abundance of a Competing Native Macrophyte.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {514}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00514}, pmid = {31134104}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {The success of invasive species depends on the overcoming of abiotic and biotic filters. Abiotic variables likely have greater relative importance over invasion at broad spatial scales, while biotic interactions are more important at fine spatial scales. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that (i) the abundance of the invasive Hydrilla verticillata is more correlated with abiotic factors than with competing native species at broad spatial grain; and that (ii) H. verticillata abundance is more correlated with competing native species than with abiotic factors at fine spatial grain. Here, we considered spatial scale as the grain size (i.e., the extent of sampling unit) assuming broad spatial scales as a large area encompassing the entire patches of macrophytes, and fine spatial scales as a small area inside one macrophyte patch. We collected the abundance of hydrilla and the competing native species along with environmental variables in a large subtropical reservoir. To evaluate how the relative importance of the abiotic factors and the competing native species vary between spatial grains we used Bayesian Generalized Linear Models. At broad grain, the abundance of the competing native species, maximum fetch (positive correlation), turbidity and conductivity (negative correlation) were the most important factors to explain the hydrilla abundance. At fine grain, alkalinity, total organic matter of the sediment and the abundance of a competitive native species (all negative correlations) were the most important variables. Our results indicate a greater importance of abiotic factors at broader grains while competitive interactions seem to be important only in the finer spatial grains. Environmental heterogeneity may explain the positive correlation between native and invasive abundances at broad grain, while the negative correlation at fine grain suggests the effect of competition. In synthesis, we show that the abiotic factors that explain the invasion success of a submerged invasive macrophyte are the same in two spatial grains, but the importance of biotic interactions changed with grain. Thus, our data suggest that models that attempt to explain the success of invasive plants, should consider spatial scales.}, }
@article {pmid31133883, year = {2019}, author = {Kanakala, S and Kontsedalov, S and Lebedev, G and Ghanim, M}, title = {Plant-Mediated Silencing of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Cyclophilin B and Heat Shock Protein 70 Impairs Insect Development and Virus Transmission.}, journal = {Frontiers in physiology}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {557}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2019.00557}, pmid = {31133883}, issn = {1664-042X}, abstract = {The whitefly B. tabaci is a global pest and transmits extremely important plant viruses especially begomoviruses, that cause substantial crop losses. B. tabaci is one of the top invasive species worldwide and have developed resistance to all major pesticide classes. One of the promising alternative ways for controlling this pest is studying its genetic makeup for identifying specific target proteins which are critical for its development and ability to transmit viruses. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is the most economically important and well-studied begomovirus transmitted by B. tabaci, in a persistent-circulative manner. Recently, we reported that B. tabaci Cyclophilin B (CypB) and heat shock protein 70 proteins (hsp70) interact and co-localize with TYLCV in the whitefly midgut, on the virus transmission pathway, and that both proteins have a significant role in virus transmission. Here, we extended the previous work and used the Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) plant-mediated RNA silencing system for knocking down both genes and testing the effect of their silencing on whitefly viability and virus transmission. Portions of these two genes were cloned into TRV constructs and tomato plants were infected and used for whitefly feeding and transmission experiments. Following whitefly feeding on TRV-plants, the expression levels of cypB and hsp70 in adult B. tabaci significantly decreased over 72 h feeding period. The knockdown in the expression of both genes was further shown in the first generation of silenced whiteflies, where phenotypic abnormalities in the adult, wing, nymph and bacteriosomes development and structure were observed. Additionally, high mortality rates that reached more than 80% among nymphs and adults were obtained. Finally, silenced whitefly adults with both genes showed decreased ability to transmit TYLCV under lab conditions. Our results suggest that plant-mediated silencing of both cypB and hsp70 have profound effects on whitefly development and its ability to transmit TYLCV.}, }
@article {pmid31132703, year = {2019}, author = {Jones, NR and Agnew, M and Banic, I and Grossi, CM and Colón-González, FJ and Plavec, D and Goodess, CM and Epstein, MM and Turkalj, M and Lake, IR}, title = {Ragweed pollen and allergic symptoms in children: Results from a three-year longitudinal study.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {683}, number = {}, pages = {240-248}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.284}, pmid = {31132703}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Common ragweed is a highly allergenic invasive species in Europe, expected to become widespread under climate change. Allergy to ragweed manifests as eye, nasal and lung symptoms, and children may retain these throughout life. The dose-response relationship between symptoms and pollen concentrations is unclear. We undertook a longitudinal study, assessing the association between ragweed pollen concentration and allergic eye, nasal and lung symptoms in children living under a range of ragweed pollen concentrations in Croatia. Over three years, 85 children completed daily diaries, detailing allergic symptoms alongside daily location, activities and medication, resulting in 10,130 individual daily entries. The daily ragweed pollen concentration for the children's locations was obtained, alongside daily weather and air pollution. Parents completed a home/lifestyle/medical questionnaire. Generalised Additive Mixed Models established the relationship between pollen concentrations and symptoms, alongside other covariates. Eye symptoms were associated with mean daily pollen concentration over four days (day of symptoms plus 3 previous days); 61 grains/m3/day (95%CI: 45, 100) was the threshold at which 50% of children reported symptoms. Nasal symptoms were associated with mean daily pollen concentration over 12 days (day of symptoms plus 11 previous days); the threshold for 50% of children reporting symptoms was 40 grains/m3/day (95%CI: 24, 87). Lung symptoms showed a relationship with mean daily pollen concentration over 19 days (day of symptoms plus 18 previous days), with a threshold of 71 grains/m3/day (95%CI: 59, 88). Taking medication on the day of symptoms showed higher odds, suggesting responsive behaviour. Taking medication on the day prior to symptoms showed lower odds of reporting, indicating preventative behaviour. Different symptoms in children demonstrate varying dose-response relationships with ragweed pollen concentrations. Each symptom type responded to pollen exposure over different time periods. Using medication prior to symptoms can reduce symptom presence. These findings can be used to better manage paediatric ragweed allergy symptoms.}, }
@article {pmid31129326, year = {2019}, author = {Ilarri, MI and Souza, AT and Amorim, L and Sousa, R}, title = {Decay and persistence of empty bivalve shells in a temperate riverine system.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {683}, number = {}, pages = {185-192}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.208}, pmid = {31129326}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Bivalve shells can persist over a geological time, acting as important physical resources to the associated fauna. However, few studies have investigated their relevance as persistent long-term ecological attributes to the ecosystem. As such, it is relevant to investigate the shell decays in riverine systems subjected to different environmental conditions. Towards this end, shells of four bivalve species (Anodonta anatina, Corbicula fluminea, Potomida littoralis and Unio delphinus) were made available individually and in clusters of different sizes. The effects of river flow and seasonality were assessed by recording the decay rates of shells in lentic and lotic habitats throughout the year. Our results evidenced that the decays varied among species and depend on shell size, water flow and season. Thin shelled species (A. anatina and U. delphinus) showed the highest mean percentage of decay per month, 3.17% (lotic) and 2.77% (lotic), respectively, and thick shelled species (C. fluminea and P. littoralis) the lowest, 2.02% (lotic) and 1.83% (lotic), respectively. Size was a relevant variable explaining decays, with the smallest shells presenting the highest values, 1.2-2.0 times higher compared to the other size classes. Also, robustness showed to be the most relevant feature explaining the decays in thick shelled species. River flow was also a relevant descriptor of the decays, with higher decays observed in the lotic compared to the lentic habitats. Furthermore, lower decays were observed mainly during summer (lentic site), and autumn (lotic site) associated to the burial effect of leaves. In summary, shells of the native species A. anatina and U. delphinus are expected to persist and contribute less as habitat engineering species, than shells of the native P. littoralis and invasive C. fluminea species. This is especially valid to lotic habitats where the decays were up to 2.13 times higher than in lentic habitats.}, }
@article {pmid31128639, year = {2019}, author = {Lin, TE and Chen, TY and Wei, HL and Richard, R and Huang, SP}, title = {Low cold tolerance of the invasive lizard Eutropis multifasciata constrains its potential elevation distribution in Taiwan.}, journal = {Journal of thermal biology}, volume = {82}, number = {}, pages = {115-122}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.03.015}, pmid = {31128639}, issn = {0306-4565}, abstract = {1. The invasive many-lined sun skink, Eutropis multifasciata, is established in much of southern Taiwan and is spreading northward. We investigated whether winter temperatures constrain further dispersion of this skink by comparing its cold tolerance to the spatial distribution of winter temperatures in Taiwan. 2. We measured the 28-day survival rate of this species at 4 constant temperatures (10-16 °C in 2 °C increments) and its critical thermal minimum (CTmin), i.e., the body temperature at which the righting reflex is lost during the cooling process. For comparison with the spatial distribution of temperatures over Taiwan, we used the biophysical model Niche Mapper™ in order to simulate the soil temperatures, where lizards are inactive in the winter, during the coldest month of the year, January, under three climatic scenarios (average temperature, average-3 °C, average+3 °C). 3. Our results indicate that this species has low tolerance to cold. Combining cold tolerance data with soil temperature data suggests that its upper elevation limit could range from 1000 m to 1500 m, above which the weather is lethal and precludes overwintering. The locations of sightings of E. multifasciata are consistent with this prediction, with no known locations above 500 m elevation. 4. This study highlights that the winter climate is a major factor in determining population establishment and hence in limiting this species' range. Future studies would benefit from accounting for low winter temperatures and their potential influence on range limits of invasive species.}, }
@article {pmid31127981, year = {2019}, author = {Hall, RN and Huang, N and Roberts, J and Strive, T}, title = {Carrion flies as sentinels for monitoring lagovirus activity in Australia.}, journal = {Transboundary and emerging diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/tbed.13250}, pmid = {31127981}, issn = {1865-1682}, abstract = {Lagoviruses are an essential tool for managing wild rabbit populations in Australia. Our understanding of lagovirus epidemiology in Australia currently depends on members of the public submitting liver samples from dead lagomorphs (i.e. rabbits and hares) through a monitoring program called Rabbitscan. However, many wild lagomorphs die in inaccessible locations or are scavenged before sampling can occur, leading to considerable sampling bias. In this study we screened field-caught carrion flies for the presence of lagoviruses to monitor virus circulation patterns in the landscape, with an aim to establish a less biased epidemiological surveillance tool. Carrion flies were collected from two study sites over a 22-month period and these samples were used to optimise and validate molecular testing methods in this sample type for the currently circulating lagovirus variants. Virus was clearly detectable in field-caught carrion flies using optimised SYBR-green RT-qPCR and RT-PCR assays. However, variant identification was frequently hindered by the low virus loads present in carrion fly samples and spurious RT-PCR amplification. This was overcome by frequent sampling, which effectively acts as replicate sampling to verify inconclusive results. There was generally good correlation between virus detections and variant identification in carrion flies and in samples recovered from wild lagomorphs. The methods reported here provide an additional surveillance tool to monitor lagovirus spread and circulation at a landscape scale, which in turn can help to guide more effective rabbit management programs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31127123, year = {2019}, author = {Collado, GA and Vidal, MA and Aguayo, KP and Méndez, MA and Valladares, MA and Cabrera, FJ and Pastenes, L and Gutiérrez Gregoric, DE and Puillandre, N}, title = {Morphological and molecular analysis of cryptic native and invasive freshwater snails in Chile.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {7846}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-41279-x}, pmid = {31127123}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Species delimitation in minute freshwater snails is often difficult to perform using solely shell morphology. The problem intensifies when invasive species spread within the distribution range of morphologically similar native species. In Chile, the Truncatelloidean snails are represented by the native genera Heleobia and Potamolithus plus the invasive mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, which can easily be confused. Using an integrative approach, we performed molecular phylogenetic analysis and studied reproductive and morphological features to identify superficially similar forms inhabiting the central area of the country. Truncatelloidean snails were identified in 40 of 51 localities sampled, 10 containing Potamopyrgus antipodarum, 23 Heleobia and 7 Potamolithus. Based on these results and previously published data, the known distribution of the mudsnail in Chile encompasses 6 hydrological basins, including 18 freshwater ecosystems. The finding of the mudsnails in several type localities of native species/subspecies of &quot;Heleobia&quot; that were not find in situ suggests species replacement or significant extinction of native fauna, a hypothesis supported by the restudy of type material that shows that endemic forms belong to the genus Potamolithus. This study shows the usefulness of integrative taxonomy not only resolving complex taxa with cryptic morphology but also measuring the extent of an ongoing invasion.}, }
@article {pmid31124245, year = {2019}, author = {Byrd, BD and Sither, CB and Goggins, JA and Kunze-Garcia, S and Pesko, KN and Bustamante, DM and Sither, JM and Vonesh, JR and O'Meara, GF}, title = {Aquatic thermal conditions predict the presence of native and invasive rock pool Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the southern Appalachians, U.S.A.}, journal = {Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {30-39}, doi = {10.1111/jvec.12326}, pmid = {31124245}, issn = {1948-7134}, abstract = {The native rock pool mosquito, Aedes atropalpus (Coquillett), and the invasive Aedes japonicus (Theobald) have been found in many types of artificial and natural containers throughout North America. Little is known about the ecology of these two species in habitats where they co-occur, although multiple investigators have reported the decline of the native species concurrent with the introduction and spread of the invasive species. Here we report the results of riverine rock pool collections (n=503) in the southern Appalachian Mountains between 2009-2015. Surface water temperatures strongly predicted the presence of each species across a broad range of observed temperatures (11-39.8° C). For every unit of increase in temperature (°C) the odds of collecting Ae. atropalpus larvae increased by 0.34 while the odds of collecting Ae. japonicus larvae decreased by 0.28. No Ae. japonicus larvae or pupae were collected at temperatures greater than 36° C; however, immature Ae. atropalpus were found in rock pools with temperatures up to 39.8° C. In contrast, Ae. japonicus were highly abundant in cooler rock pools (<17° C) where Ae. atropalpus were infrequent or absent. Our findings suggest that in spite of the successful invasion by Ae. japonicus, Ae. atropalpus remains well established in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Given the strong correlation of temperature with the presence of the two species and the contrasting absence of each species at observed temperature extremes, the role of thermal conditions should be carefully explored in the context of other ecological factors likely influencing the range and abundance of these mosquitoes.}, }
@article {pmid31124225, year = {2019}, author = {Peach, DAH and Almond, M and Pol, JC}, title = {Modeled distributions of Aedes japonicus japonicus and Aedes togoi (Diptera: Culicidae) in the United States, Canada, and northern Latin America.}, journal = {Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {119-129}, doi = {10.1111/jvec.12336}, pmid = {31124225}, issn = {1948-7134}, abstract = {The Asian bush mosquito, Aedes japonicus japonicus, and the coastal rock pool mosquito, Aedes togoi, are potential disease vectors present in both East Asia and North America. While their ranges are fairly well-documented in Asia, this is not the case for North America. We used maximum entropy modeling to estimate the potential distributions of Ae. togoi and Ae. j. japonicus in the United States, Canada, and northern Latin America under contemporary and future climatic conditions. Our results suggest suitable habitat that is not known to be occupied for Ae. j. japonicus in Atlantic and western Canada, Alaska, the western, midwestern, southern, and northeastern United States, and Latin America, and for Ae. togoi along the Pacific coast of North America and the Hawaiian Islands. Such areas are at risk of future invasion or may already contain undetected populations of these species. Our findings further predict that the limits of suitable habitat for each species will expand northward under future climatic conditions.}, }
@article {pmid31122654, year = {2019}, author = {Sadchatheeswaran, S and Moloney, CL and Branch, GM and Robinson, TB}, title = {Using empirical and simulation approaches to quantify merits of rival measures of structural complexity in marine habitats.}, journal = {Marine environmental research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.03.014}, pmid = {31122654}, issn = {1879-0291}, abstract = {Ecosystem engineers often affect structural complexity of habitats. There are multiple methods of quantifying complexity, variously measuring topography, surface area, volume, fractal dimension, or rugosity. We compared eight methods, four employing the 3D modelling program 'Blender' to estimate total surface area, top surface area, their ratio, and interstitial volume; and four empirically measuring interstitial volume, fractals and two indices of rugosity. We compared these using seven metrics: 1) correlations among comparable measures; 2) consistency; 3) accuracy; 4) precision; 5) discrimination among configurations of objects; 6) discernment of complexities among zones on rocky shores; and 7) practicality. Of the eight methods, the virtual volumetric method, Blender interstitial volume, performed the best. Direct measurements of three-dimensional space related more closely to patterns in biodiversity than did measurements of two-dimensional space or indirect measures of complexity like fractals. Blender interstitial volume is thus the recommended means of measuring structural complexity of benthic environments.}, }
@article {pmid30055848, year = {2019}, author = {Bennett, BM and van Sittert, L}, title = {Historicising perceptions and the national management framework for invasive alien plants in South Africa.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {229}, number = {}, pages = {174-181}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.029}, pmid = {30055848}, issn = {1095-8630}, mesh = {Biodiversity ; Government ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; Perception ; Plant Weeds ; South Africa ; }, abstract = {This article offers a historical framework for understanding changes to human perceptions and efforts to manage invasive alien plants and weeds in South Africa from the mid-nineteenth century until the present. The article argues that South African legislation and policy for managing invasive alien plants and weeds has historically been limited because people have held contradictory values about plants, many private land owners have lacked resources and have not been compelled to follow government legislation and because policy has reflected the interests of a small group of farmers or scientific experts who have had limited influence on most private land owners and traditional land users. Successful control efforts often relied on technical expertise that was applied controversially or could be implemented on government land without extensive public consultation or social conflict. The creation of a national framework for invasive alien plants through the Working for Water Programme in 1995 and National Environmental Management of Biodiversity Act (no. 10) of 2004 (NEMBA) has increased public awareness, but the Programme and NEMBA remain limited by many of the same institutional and social constraints that experts and institutions faced in the past. In conclusion, the article draws on history to provide insights to contemporary challenges.}, }
@article {pmid30017110, year = {2019}, author = {Bravo-Vargas, V and García, RA and Pizarro, JC and Pauchard, A}, title = {Do people care about pine invasions? Visitor perceptions and willingness to pay for pine control in a protected area.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {229}, number = {}, pages = {57-66}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.018}, pmid = {30017110}, issn = {1095-8630}, mesh = {Biodiversity ; Forests ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; Perception ; *Pinus ; Seasons ; South America ; Trees ; }, abstract = {Tree invasions are increasing globally, causing major problems for biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. In South America, conifer invasions occur across many ecosystems and while numerous studies address the ecological consequences of these invasions, little is known about social perceptions and people's attitudes toward their control. The social perceptions on the effect of invasive conifers can include recreational, cultural and conservation dimensions. This study, conducted in the Malalcahuello National Reserve, aims to assess visitor's perception about invasive pines (Pinus spp.) and their effects on the endangered Araucaria araucana forests and determine their willingness to pay for pine control. We used a questionnaire to survey visitors to the reserve in both winter and summer (n = 138 for each season). When confronted with six images of araucaria and pine forests with and without snow, visitors consistently preferred landscapes without pines and disliked those completely dominated by pines the most. Almost half, 46.5%, of the visitors expressed their willingness to pay (WTP) for pine control and after given a brief explanation about pine impacts, this number rose to 79%. Visitors who said they were unwilling to pay argue ethical, aesthetic and pragmatic considerations relating closely to a number of social value systems and beliefs. Our study shows that there is a high variation in how people assess the threat of invasive pine species in natural areas, but education even in a very brief format can help to increase awareness of the problem and build social and financial support for its control.}, }
@article {pmid31121168, year = {2019}, author = {Maceda-Veiga, A and Nally, RM and Green, AJ and Poulin, R and de Sostoa, A}, title = {Major determinants of the occurrence of a globally invasive parasite in riverine fish over large-scale environmental gradients.}, journal = {International journal for parasitology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.03.002}, pmid = {31121168}, issn = {1879-0135}, abstract = {The increased rate of outbreaks of infectious diseases in ecosystems is a dramatic consequence of global change, particularly when outbreaks affect important resources such as freshwater fish. However, the links between disease-inducing epizootics and widespread human impacts, including nutrient pollution and high water conductivity, in freshwater organisms are largely unexplored. We used data from extensive surveys in northeastern Spain (99,700 km2, 15 river catchments, n = 530 sites) to explore the environmental factors that singly, or in combination, are likely to influence the occurrence of the invasive parasite, Lernaea cyprinacea, after accounting for host fish characteristics. Smaller fish, lower altitudes, higher water conductivity and nutrient pollution were associated with higher probabilities of infection in 19 endemic and widely distributed fish species. We found no evidence that interactive effects among riverine stressors related to water and physical habitat quality better explained the probability of occurrence of L. cyprinacea in fish than did additive-stressor combinations. Nutrient pollution and high water conductivity were two of the major factors contributing to the increased occurrence of L. cyprinacea. Therefore, the improvement of wastewater treatment processes and agricultural practices probably would help to reduce the occurrence of this parasite among native fish.}, }
@article {pmid31120997, year = {2019}, author = {Dissanayake, AA and Wagner, CM and Nair, MG}, title = {Nitrogenous compounds characterized in the deterrent skin extract of migratory adult sea lamprey from the Great Lakes region.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {e0217417}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0217417}, pmid = {31120997}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {The sea lamprey (Petromzons marinus) is a devastating invasive species that represents a significant impediment to restoration of the Laurentian Great Lakes. There is substantial interest in developing environmentally benign control strategies for sea lamprey, and many other aquatic invasive species, that employ the manipulation of semiochemical information (pheromones and chemical cues) to guide the movements of invaders into control opportunities (e.g. traps, locations for safe pesticide application, etc.). A necessary precursor to the use of semiochemicals in conservation activities is the identification of the chemical constituents that compose the odors. Here, we characterize the major nitrogenous substances from the water-soluble fraction of a skin extract that contains the sea lamprey alarm cue, a powerful repellent that has proven effective in guiding the movements of migrating sea lamprey in rivers. Nitrogenous compounds are suspected components of fish alarm cues as the olfactory sensory neurons that mediate alarm responses transduce amino acids and related compounds. A laboratory assay confirmed the behavioral activity contained in the alarm cue resides in the water-soluble fraction of the skin extract. This water-soluble fraction consisted primarily of creatine (70%), heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds (4.3%) and free amino acids (18.4%), respectively. Among the free amino acids characterized in our study, essential amino acids constituted 13% of the water-soluble fraction. Free amino acids isolated from the water-soluble fraction composed of arginine, phenylalanine, threonine, and asparagine 3.9, 2.7, 2.6 and 2.4% of the water-soluble fraction, respectively. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the nature and use of the sea lamprey alarm cue in conservation activities.}, }
@article {pmid31116447, year = {2019}, author = {Burns, JH and Bennett, JM and Li, J and Xia, J and Arceo-Gómez, G and Burd, M and Burkle, LA and Durka, W and Ellis, AG and Freitas, L and Rodger, JG and Vamosi, JC and Wolowski, M and Ashman, TL and Knight, TM and Steets, JA}, title = {Plant traits moderate pollen limitation of introduced and native plants: a phylogenetic meta-analysis of global scale.}, journal = {The New phytologist}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/nph.15935}, pmid = {31116447}, issn = {1469-8137}, abstract = {•The role of pollination in the success of invasive plants needs to be understood because invasives have substantial effects on species interactions and ecosystem functions. Previous research has shown both that reproduction of invasive plants is often pollen limited and that invasive plants can have high seed production motivating the questions: how do invasive populations maintain reproductive success in spite of pollen limitation? What species traits moderate pollen limitation for invaders? •We conducted a phylogenetic meta-analysis with 68 invasive, 50 introduced non-invasive, and 1931 native plant populations, across a total of 1249 species. •We found that invasive populations with generalist pollination or pollinator dependence were less pollen limited than natives, but invasives and introduced non-invasives did not differ. Invasive species produced 3× fewer ovules/flower and >250× more flowers/plant, compared with their native relatives. While these traits were negatively correlated, consistent with a tradeoff, this did not differ with invasion status. •Invasive plants that produce many flowers and have floral generalization are able to compensate for or avoid pollen limitation, potentially helping explain invaders' reproductive success. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31115439, year = {2019}, author = {Lyttek, E and Lal, P and Nieddu, G and Forgoston, E and Wieczerak, T}, title = {Modeling Agrilus planipennis F. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Spread in New Jersey.}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toz122}, pmid = {31115439}, issn = {1938-291X}, abstract = {Pests and disease have become an increasingly common issue as globalized trade brings non-native species into unfamiliar systems. Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), is an Asiatic species of boring beetle currently devastating the native population of ash (Fraxinus) trees in the northern forests of the United States, with 85 million trees having already succumbed across much of the Midwest. We have developed a reaction-diffusion partial differential equation model to predict the spread of emerald ash borer over a heterogeneous 2-D landscape, with the initial ash tree distribution given by data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis. As expected, the model predictions show that emerald ash borer consumes ash which causes the local ash population to decline, while emerald ash borer spreads outward to other areas. Once the local ash population begins to decline emerald ash borer also declines due to the loss of available habitat. Our model's strength lies with its focus on the county scale and its linkage between emerald ash borer population growth and ash density. This enables one to make accurate predictions regarding emerald ash borer spread which allows one to consider various methods of control as well as to accurately study the economic effects of emerald ash borer spread.}, }
@article {pmid31114554, year = {2019}, author = {Boutier, M and Donohoe, O and Kopf, RK and Humphries, P and Becker, JA and Marshall, J and Vanderplasschen, A}, title = {Biocontrol of Carp: The Australian Plan Does Not Stand Up to a Rational Analysis of Safety and Efficacy.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {882}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2019.00882}, pmid = {31114554}, issn = {1664-302X}, }
@article {pmid30554361, year = {2019}, author = {Rodriguez-Saona, C and Cloonan, KR and Sanchez-Pedraza, F and Zhou, Y and Giusti, MM and Benrey, B}, title = {Differential Susceptibility of Wild and Cultivated Blueberries to an Invasive Frugivorous Pest.}, journal = {Journal of chemical ecology}, volume = {45}, number = {3}, pages = {286-297}, doi = {10.1007/s10886-018-1042-1}, pmid = {30554361}, issn = {1573-1561}, support = {2015-51181-24252//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; }, mesh = {Agriculture ; Animals ; Blueberry Plants/*parasitology ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Herbivory ; *Introduced Species ; }, abstract = {Highbush blueberry is a crop native to the northeast USA that has been domesticated for about 100 years. This study compared the susceptibility of wild and domesticated/cultivated highbush blueberries to an invasive frugivorous pest, the spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii). We hypothesized that: 1) cultivated fruits are preferred by D. suzukii for oviposition and better hosts for its offspring than wild fruits; and, 2) wild and cultivated fruits differ in physico-chemical traits. Fruits from wild and cultivated blueberries were collected from June through August of 2015 and 2016 from 10 to 12 sites in New Jersey (USA); with each site having wild and cultivated blueberries growing in close proximity. The preference and performance of D. suzukii on wild and cultivated blueberries were studied in choice and no-choice bioassays. In addition, we compared size, firmness, acidity (pH), total soluble solids (°Brix), and nutrient, phenolic, and anthocyanin content between wild and cultivated berries. In choice and no-choice bioassays, more eggs were oviposited in, and more flies emerged from, cultivated than wild blueberries. Cultivated fruits were 2x bigger, 47% firmer, 14% less acidic, and had lower °Brix, phenolic, and anthocyanin amounts per mass than wild fruits. Levels of potassium and boron were higher in cultivated fruits, while calcium, magnesium, and copper were higher in wild fruits. These results show that domestication and/or agronomic practices have made blueberries more susceptible to D. suzukii, which was associated with several physico-chemical changes in fruits. Our study documents the positive effects of crop domestication/cultivation on an invasive insect pest.}, }
@article {pmid30422973, year = {2018}, author = {Schlaepfer, MA}, title = {On the importance of monitoring and valuing all forms of biodiversity.}, journal = {PLoS biology}, volume = {16}, number = {11}, pages = {e3000039}, pmid = {30422973}, issn = {1545-7885}, mesh = {Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Introduced Species ; }, abstract = {Pauchard et al claim that non-native species should not be granted conservation value, as this could hinder effort to curtail novel introductions. In this response, Schlaepfer counters that the positive contributions of non-native species to biodiversity and conservation must be included to provide a complete and objective snapshot to policy makers.}, }
@article {pmid29735988, year = {2018}, author = {Bock, DG and Kantar, MB and Caseys, C and Matthey-Doret, R and Rieseberg, LH}, title = {Evolution of invasiveness by genetic accommodation.}, journal = {Nature ecology &amp; evolution}, volume = {2}, number = {6}, pages = {991-999}, doi = {10.1038/s41559-018-0553-z}, pmid = {29735988}, issn = {2397-334X}, mesh = {*Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Europe ; *Genetic Variation ; Helianthus/*physiology ; Introduced Species ; Plant Dispersal/*genetics ; }, abstract = {Invasion success of species introduced to novel environments may be facilitated by adaptive evolution and by phenotypic plasticity. Here we investigate the independent and joint contribution of both mechanisms as drivers of invasiveness in the perennial sunflower Helianthus tuberosus. We show that invasive genotypes have multiple origins, and that invasive spread was facilitated by the repeated evolution of extreme values in a single trait, clonality. In line with genetic accommodation theory, we establish that this evolutionary transition occurred by refining a preexisting plastic response of clonality to water availability. Further, we demonstrate that under the non-drought conditions typically experienced by this plant in its introduced range, invasive spread is mediated by hybrid vigour and/or two major additive-effect loci, and that these mechanisms are complementary. Thus, in H. tuberosus, evolution of invasiveness was facilitated by phenotypic plasticity, and involved the use of multiple genetic solutions to achieve the same invasiveness trait.}, }
@article {pmid31112014, year = {2019}, author = {Pearse, IS and Sofaer, HR and Zaya, DN and Spyreas, G}, title = {Non-native plants have greater impacts because of differing per-capita effects and nonlinear abundance-impact curves.}, journal = {Ecology letters}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13284}, pmid = {31112014}, issn = {1461-0248}, abstract = {Invasive, non-native species can have tremendous impacts on biotic communities, where they reduce the abundance and diversity of local species. However, it remains unclear whether impacts of non-native species arise from their high abundance or whether each non-native individual has a disproportionate impact - that is, a higher per-capita effect - on co-occurring species compared to impacts by native species. Using a long-term study of wetlands, we asked how temporal variation in dominant native and non-native plants impacted the abundance and richness of other plants in the recipient community. Non-native plants reached higher abundances than natives and had greater per-capita effects. The abundance-impact relationship between plant abundance and richness was nonlinear. Compared with increasing native abundance, increasing non-native abundance was associated with steeper declines in richness because of greater per-capita effects and nonlinearities in the abundance-impact relationship. Our study supports eco-evolutionary novelty of non-natives as a driver of their outsized impacts on communities.}, }
@article {pmid31111639, year = {2019}, author = {Azzurro, E and Sbragaglia, V and Cerri, J and Bariche, M and Bolognini, L and Ben Souissi, J and Busoni, G and Coco, S and Chryssanthi, A and Fanelli, E and Ghanem, R and Garrabou, J and Gianni, F and Grati, F and Kolitari, J and Letterio, G and Lipej, L and Mazzoldi, C and Milone, N and Pannacciulli, F and Pešić, A and Samuel-Rhoads, Y and Saponari, L and Tomanic, J and Eda Topçu, N and Vargiu, G and Moschella, P}, title = {Climate change, biological invasions, and the shifting distribution of Mediterranean fishes: A large-scale survey based on local ecological knowledge.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.14670}, pmid = {31111639}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {MPA-Adapt 1MED15_3.2_M2_337//European Regional Development Fund/ ; //Albert II of Monaco Foundation/ ; }, abstract = {Climate change and biological invasions are rapidly reshuffling species distribution, restructuring the biological communities of many ecosystems worldwide. Tracking these transformations in the marine environment is crucial, but our understanding of climate change effects and invasive species dynamics is often hampered by the practical challenge of surveying large geographical areas. Here, we focus on the Mediterranean Sea, a hot spot for climate change and biological invasions to investigate recent spatiotemporal changes in fish abundances and distribution. To this end, we accessed the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of small-scale and recreational fishers, reconstructing the dynamics of fish perceived as &quot;new&quot; or increasing in different fishing areas. Over 500 fishers across 95 locations and nine different countries were interviewed, and semiquantitative information on yearly changes in species abundance was collected. Overall, 75 species were mentioned by the respondents, mostly warm-adapted species of both native and exotic origin. Respondents belonging to the same biogeographic sectors described coherent spatial and temporal patterns, and gradients along latitudinal and longitudinal axes were revealed. This information provides a more complete understanding of the shifting distribution of Mediterranean fishes and it also demonstrates that adequately structured LEK methodology might be applied successfully beyond the local scale, across national borders and jurisdictions. Acknowledging this potential through macroregional coordination could pave the way for future large-scale aggregations of individual observations, increasing our potential for integrated monitoring and conservation planning at the regional or even global level. This might help local communities to better understand, manage, and adapt to the ongoing biotic transformations driven by climate change and biological invaders.}, }
@article {pmid31110660, year = {2019}, author = {Egeter, B and Roe, C and Peixoto, S and Puppo, P and Easton, LJ and Pinto, J and Bishop, PJ and Robertson, BC}, title = {Using molecular diet analysis to inform invasive species management: A case study of introduced rats consuming endemic New Zealand frogs.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {9}, pages = {5032-5048}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.4903}, pmid = {31110660}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {The decline of amphibians has been of international concern for more than two decades, and the global spread of introduced fauna is a major factor in this decline. Conservation management decisions to implement control of introduced fauna are often based on diet studies. One of the most common metrics to report in diet studies is Frequency of Occurrence (FO), but this can be difficult to interpret, as it does not include a temporal perspective. Here, we examine the potential for FO data derived from molecular diet analysis to inform invasive species management, using invasive ship rats (Rattus rattus) and endemic frogs (Leiopelma spp.) in New Zealand as a case study. Only two endemic frog species persist on the mainland. One of these, Leiopelma archeyi, is Critically Endangered (IUCN 2017) and ranked as the world's most evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered amphibian (EDGE, 2018). Ship rat stomach contents were collected by kill-trapping and subjected to three methods of diet analysis (one morphological and two DNA-based). A new primer pair was developed targeting all anuran species that exhibits good coverage, high taxonomic resolution, and reasonable specificity. Incorporating a temporal parameter allowed us to calculate the minimum number of ingestion events per rat per night, providing a more intuitive metric than the more commonly reported FO. We are not aware of other DNA-based diet studies that have incorporated a temporal parameter into FO data. The usefulness of such a metric will depend on the study system, in particular the feeding ecology of the predator. Ship rats are consuming both species of native frogs present on mainland New Zealand, and this study provides the first detections of remains of these species in mammalian stomach contents.}, }
@article {pmid31110510, year = {2019}, author = {Rohal, CB and Cranney, C and Kettenring, KM}, title = {Abiotic and Landscape Factors Constrain Restoration Outcomes Across Spatial Scales of a Widespread Invasive Plant.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {481}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00481}, pmid = {31110510}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {The natural recolonization of native plant communities following invasive species management is notoriously challenging to predict, since outcomes can be contingent on a variety of factors including management decisions, abiotic factors, and landscape setting. The spatial scale at which the treatment is applied can also impact management outcomes, potentially influencing plant assembly processes and treatment success. Understanding the relative importance of each of these factors for plant community assembly can help managers prioritize patches where specific treatments are likely to be most successful. Here, using effects size analyses, we evaluate plant community responses following four invasive Phragmites australis management treatments (1: fall glyphosate herbicide spray, 2: summer glyphosate herbicide spray, 3: summer imazapyr herbicide spray, 4: untreated control) applied at two patch scales (12,000 m2 and 1,000 m2) and monitored for 5 years. Using variation partitioning, we then evaluated the independent and shared influence of patch scale, treatment type, abiotic factors, and landscape factors on plant community outcomes following herbicide treatments. We found that Phragmites reinvaded more quickly in large patches, particularly following summer herbicide treatments, while native plant cover and richness increased at a greater magnitude in small patches than large. Patch scale, in combination with abiotic and landscape factors, was the most important driver for most plant responses. Compared with the small plots, large patches commonly had deeper and more prolonged flooding, and were in areas with greater hydrologic disturbance in the landscape, factors associated with reduced native plant recruitment and greater Phragmites cover. Small patches were associated with less flooding and landscape disturbance, and more native plants in the surrounding landscape than large patches, factors which promoted higher native plant conservation values and greater native plant cover and richness. Herbicide type and timing accounted for very little of the variation in native plant recovery, emphasizing the greater importance of patch selection for better management outcomes. To maximize the success of treatment programs, practitioners should first manage Phragmites patches adjacent to native plant species and in areas with minimal hydrologic disturbance.}, }
@article {pmid31110201, year = {2019}, author = {Kesäniemi, J and Koskimäki, JJ and Jurvansuu, J}, title = {Corpse management of the invasive Argentine ant inhibits growth of pathogenic fungi.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {7593}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-44144-z}, pmid = {31110201}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {A dead conspecific poses a potential pathogen risk for social animals. We have discovered that Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) prevent spread of pathogenic fungi from corpses by depositing the dead to combined toilet and refuse areas and applying pygidial gland secretion on them. The presence of a corpse in a nest increases this secretion behaviour. We identified three fungi growing on Argentine ant corpses. Growth of the Argentine ant pathogen Aspergillus nomius and the plant pathogen Fusarium solani on corpses was inhibited as long as the ants were constantly attending them as the ant anal secretion only delayed germination of their spores. In contrast, the effect of the ant anal secretion on the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus was much stronger: it prevented spore germination and, accordingly, the fungus no longer grew on the treated corpses. The Argentine ants are one of the world's worst invasive alien species as they cause ecological and economical damage in their new habitats. Our discovery points at a novel method to limit Argentine ant colonies through their natural fungal pathogens.}, }
@article {pmid31109131, year = {2019}, author = {Mao, D and Liu, M and Wang, Z and Li, L and Man, W and Jia, M and Zhang, Y}, title = {Rapid Invasion of Spartina Alterniflora in the Coastal Zone of Mainland China: Spatiotemporal Patterns and Human Prevention.}, journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {19}, number = {10}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/s19102308}, pmid = {31109131}, issn = {1424-8220}, support = {2016YFC0500201//the National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 2017FY100706//the Science &amp;Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China/ ; 2017277, 2012178//Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; }, abstract = {Given the extensive spread and ecological consequences of exotic Spartina alterniflora (S. alterniflora) over the coast of mainland China, monitoring its spatiotemporal invasion patterns is important for the sake of coastal ecosystem management and ecological security. In this study, Landsat series images from 1990 to 2015 were used to establish multi-temporal datasets for documenting the temporal dynamics of S. alterniflora invasion. Our observations revealed that S. alterniflora had a continuous expansion with the area increasing by 50,204 ha during the considered 25 years. The largest expansion was identified in Jiangsu Province during the period of 1990-2000, and in Zhejiang Province during the periods 2000-2010 and 2010-2015. Three noticeable hotspots for S. alterniflora invasion were Yancheng of Jiangsu, Chongming of Shanghai, and Ningbo of Zhejiang, and each had a net area increase larger than 5000 ha. Moreover, an obvious shrinkage of S. alterniflora was identified in three coastal cities including the city of Cangzhou of Hebei, Dongguan, and Jiangmen of Guangdong. S. alterniflora invaded mostly into mudflats (>93%) and shrank primarily due to aquaculture (55.5%). This study sheds light on the historical spatial patterns in S. alterniflora distribution and thus is helpful for understanding its invasion mechanism and invasive species management.}, }
@article {pmid30955754, year = {2019}, author = {Shiganova, TA and Mikaelyan, AS and Moncheva, S and Stefanova, K and Chasovnikov, VK and Mosharov, SA and Mosharova, IN and Slabakova, N and Mavrodieva, R and Stefanova, E and Zasko, DN and Dzhurova, B}, title = {Effect of invasive ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata on low trophic webs of the Black Sea ecosystem.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {141}, number = {}, pages = {434-447}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.049}, pmid = {30955754}, issn = {1879-3363}, mesh = {Animals ; Bacteria/*growth &amp; development ; Black Sea ; Chlorophyll A/metabolism ; Ctenophora/*growth &amp; development ; Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; Food Chain ; *Introduced Species ; Phytoplankton/*growth &amp; development ; Seawater ; Zooplankton/*growth &amp; development ; }, abstract = {The study focuses on the impact of life excretion and mucus released by the &quot;biological pollutants&quot; invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and its predator Beroe ovata on the marine environment and lower trophic levels of the Black Sea ecosystem (bacteria, pico-phytoplankton, nano-autotrophic/heterotrophic flagellates, micro-phytoplankton, chlorophyll a, primary production (PP), micro-zooplankton). The chemical and biological variables were analysed in two sets of lab experiments with natural communities from mesotrophic (Gelendzhik) and eutrophic (Varna) coastal waters. While both species altered the chemical properties of experimental media, exerting structural and functional changes in the low food-web biological compartments, the results showed a stronger effect of B. ovata, most likely related to the measured higher rate of excretion and amount of released mucus. In addition the alterations in the Gelendzhik experiment were more pronounced, indicating that environmental implications on lower food-web are more conspicuous in mesotrophic than in eutrophic coastal waters.}, }
@article {pmid30955747, year = {2019}, author = {Ramalhosa, P and Gestoso, I and Duarte, B and Caçador, I and Canning-Clode, J}, title = {Metal pollution affects both native and non-indigenous biofouling recruitment in a subtropical island system.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {141}, number = {}, pages = {373-386}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.072}, pmid = {30955747}, issn = {1879-3363}, mesh = {Animals ; Biofouling/*prevention &amp; control ; Bryozoa/*drug effects/growth &amp; development ; Copper/*pharmacology ; Disinfectants/*pharmacology ; *Introduced Species ; Islands ; *Paint ; Portugal ; Species Specificity ; }, abstract = {Hull fouling has been a driving force behind the development of most modern marine antifouling coatings that mainly contain copper based biocides to inhibit growth of fouling organisms. Despite these efforts, several non-indigenous species continue to be transferred via hull-fouling worldwide. In this study we designed a disturbance gradient with three commercial antifouling paints applied to PVC settling plates with different concentrations of copper oxide and allowed colonization of fouling communities in four marinas located at the Madeira Archipelago (NE Atlantic). Overall, the antifouling treatments were effective in decreasing the diversity of fouling communities and spatial variability across marinas was observed. Increasing exposure to metal pollutants decreases both species cover and total diversity, independently of their native or NIS condition. However, evidences found suggest that long-term effects of copper based antifouling coatings can be modulated by metal-resistant species allowing a secondary substrate for the epibiosis of other species to establish.}, }
@article {pmid30955741, year = {2019}, author = {Outinen, O and Forsström, T and Yli-Rosti, J and Vesakoski, O and Lehtiniemi, M}, title = {Monitoring of sessile and mobile epifauna - Considerations for non-indigenous species.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {141}, number = {}, pages = {332-342}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.055}, pmid = {30955741}, issn = {1879-3363}, mesh = {Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*isolation &amp; purification ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring/*methods ; Finland ; *Introduced Species ; Oceans and Seas ; }, abstract = {The present study aimed to develop monitoring methods for shallow water sessile and mobile epifauna with the main focus on enhancing the chance of early detection for new non-indigenous species (NIS) invasions. The field sampling was conducted between June and September in 2012, in the Archipelago Sea (Finland). The tested monitoring methods included baited traps that capture organisms and habitat collectors that provide habitat and refuges for organisms, as well as fouling plates. Catch efficiency of a trap/collector was defined as the number of NIS and all species caught, including their abundances. The American collector with oyster shells (habitat collector) caught the highest number of NIS, and their use is recommended in all places, where oyster shells are easily accessible. Sampling of all habitats of interest between 1 and 2 m depth is recommended with at least three habitat collectors per site.}, }
@article {pmid31106056, year = {2019}, author = {Strydom, M and Veldtman, R and Ngwenya, MZ and Esler, KJ}, title = {Seed survival of Australian Acacia in the Western Cape of South Africa in the presence of biological control agents and given environmental variation.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {e6816}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.6816}, pmid = {31106056}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {Studies of invasive Australian Acacia have shown that many seeds are still produced and accumulate in soil stored seed banks regardless of the presence of seed-targeting biological control agents. This is despite claims of biological control success, although there is generally a lack of data on the seed production of invasive Australian Acacia before and after the release of the respective agents. We aimed to quantify seed production and seed survival of invasive Australian Acacia currently under biological control. The seed production and survival (proportion of aborted, predated and surviving seeds) of A. longifolia, A. pycnantha and A. saligna were each studied at four to five sites in the Western Cape of South Africa. The relationships between seed production and stand characteristics were determined and the relative effects of seed predation and abortion on seed survival were established. The investigated invasive Australian Acacia produced many seeds that survived the pre-dispersal stage despite long-term presence of released biological control agents. It was shown that seed crop size is the only significant factor influencing seed survival of the studied Australian Acacia species. Furthermore, the seeds surviving per tree and per square meter were related to tree size. No quantitative evidence was found to suggest that seed-reducing biological control agents are having an impact on the population dynamics of their Australian Acacia hosts. This study illustrates the importance of studying the seed ecology of invasive plants before biological control agents are selected and released.}, }
@article {pmid31105441, year = {2019}, author = {Gudžinskas, Z and Petrulaitis, L and Žalneravičius, E}, title = {Asclepiasspeciosa (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae): a rare or unrecognized alien species in Europe?.}, journal = {PhytoKeys}, volume = {121}, number = {}, pages = {29-41}, doi = {10.3897/phytokeys.121.33573}, pmid = {31105441}, issn = {1314-2011}, abstract = {Studies on populations of Asclepiassyriaca L. in Lithuania revealed the occurrence of a new alien plant species, the North American native Asclepiasspeciosa Torr. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), in southern parts of Lithuania - the first report of the latter species in Europe. Interestingly, a thorough analysis of herbarium specimens revealed that A.speciosa had first been collected in Lithuania in 1962, but the specimen was misidentified at the time as A.syriaca. The newly discovered population of A.speciosa occupies mesic grasslands, tall-herb fringe communities and arable field habitats. Sexual reproduction of this species was not recorded; it spreads locally by means of vegetative reproduction. We present here an exhaustive analysis of morphological characteristics and differences between A.speciosa and A.syriaca and other species of the genus, as well as a key for identification of alien Asclepias species in Europe. We predict that the effect of A.speciosa on native habitats and communities, and its economic impact, are comparable to those of the highly invasive A.syriaca. Although A.speciosa currently occurs very rarely as an alien species in Europe, its existence in other regions of Europe is highly probable.}, }
@article {pmid31104609, year = {2019}, author = {McRoberts, N and Figuera, SG and Olkowski, S and McGuire, B and Luo, W and Posny, D and Gottwald, T}, title = {Using models to provide rapid programme support for California's efforts to suppress Huanglongbing disease of citrus.}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences}, volume = {374}, number = {1776}, pages = {20180281}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2018.0281}, pmid = {31104609}, issn = {1471-2970}, abstract = {We describe a series of operational questions posed during the state-wide response in California to the arrival of the invasive citrus disease Huanglongbing. The response is coordinated by an elected committee from the citrus industry and operates in collaboration with the California Department of Food and Agriculture, which gives it regulatory authority to enforce the removal of infected trees. The paper reviews how surveillance for disease and resource allocation between detection and delimitation have been addressed, based on epidemiological principles. In addition, we describe how epidemiological analyses have been used to support rule-making to enact costly but beneficial regulations and we highlight two recurring themes in the programme support work: (i) data are often insufficient for quantitative analyses of questions and (ii) modellers and decision-makers alike may be forced to accept the need to make decisions on the basis of simple or incomplete analyses that are subject to considerable uncertainty. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control'. This theme issue is linked with the earlier issue 'Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes'.}, }
@article {pmid31104597, year = {2019}, author = {Mastin, AJ and van den Bosch, F and van den Berg, F and Parnell, SR}, title = {Quantifying the hidden costs of imperfect detection for early detection surveillance.}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences}, volume = {374}, number = {1776}, pages = {20180261}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2018.0261}, pmid = {31104597}, issn = {1471-2970}, abstract = {The global spread of pathogens poses an increasing threat to health, ecosystems and agriculture worldwide. As early detection of new incursions is key to effective control, new diagnostic tests that can detect pathogen presence shortly after initial infection hold great potential for detection of infection in individual hosts. However, these tests may be too expensive to be implemented at the sampling intensities required for early detection of a new epidemic at the population level. To evaluate the trade-off between earlier and/or more reliable detection and higher deployment costs, we need to consider the impacts of test performance, test cost and pathogen epidemiology. Regarding test performance, the period before new infections can be first detected and the probability of detecting them are of particular importance. We propose a generic framework that can be easily used to evaluate a variety of different detection methods and identify important characteristics of the pathogen and the detection method to consider when planning early detection surveillance. We demonstrate the application of our method using the plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in the UK, and find that visual inspec-tion for this pathogen is a more cost-effective strategy for early detection surveillance than an early detection diagnostic test. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control'. This theme issue is linked with the earlier issue 'Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes'.}, }
@article {pmid30955779, year = {2019}, author = {Vega Fernández, T and Badalamenti, F and Bonaviri, C and Di Trapani, F and Gianguzza, P and Noè, S and Musco, L}, title = {Synergistic reduction of a native key herbivore performance by two non-indigenous invasive algae.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {141}, number = {}, pages = {649-654}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.073}, pmid = {30955779}, issn = {1879-3363}, mesh = {Animals ; Caulerpa/*physiology ; *Herbivory ; *Introduced Species ; Mediterranean Sea ; Paracentrotus/*physiology ; Stress, Physiological ; }, abstract = {Native generalist grazers can control the populations of non-indigenous invasive algae (NIIA). Here, it was found that the simultaneous consumption of two co-occurring NIIA, Caulerpa cylindracea and C. taxifolia var. distichophylla, hinders the grazing ability of the main Mediterranean herbivorous, the native sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The ingestion of any of the two NIIA alone did not produce any difference in sea urchin righting time with respect to usual algal diet. In contrast, the simultaneous consumption of both NIIA, which grow intermingled in nature and are consumed by P. lividus, retarded its righting behavior. Such result reveals substantial physiological stress in the sea urchin, which resulted in reduced motility and coordination. The reported findings reveal the potential of NIIA co-occurrence to escape the supposed control exerted by the main native generalist grazer in Mediterranean sublittoral communities, which in turn can be locked in an &quot;invaded&quot; state.}, }
@article {pmid31097040, year = {2019}, author = {Červená, B and Modrý, D and Fecková, B and Hrazdilová, K and Foronda, P and Alonso, AM and Lee, R and Walker, J and Niebuhr, CN and Malik, R and Šlapeta, J}, title = {Low diversity of Angiostrongylus cantonensis complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from Australia, Hawaii, French Polynesia and the Canary Islands revealed using whole genome next-generation sequencing.}, journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {241}, doi = {10.1186/s13071-019-3491-y}, pmid = {31097040}, issn = {1756-3305}, support = {ID2017010092//&quot;Proyectos I + D de la Consejeria de Economía, Industria, Comercio y Conocimiento de la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias&quot; and FEDER 2014-2020/ ; RD16/0027/0001//Red de Investigación de Centros de Enfermedades Tropicales-RICET, ISCIIISubdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa RETICS, Ministry of Health and Consumption, Spain/ ; CZ02.2.69/0.0/0.0/16_027/0008027//International Collaboration in ecological and evolutionary biology of vertebrates/ ; 123/2018/FVL//Internal Grant agency of UVPS/ ; CEITEC 2020 (LQ1601)//Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rats (Rattus spp.) invaded most of the world as stowaways including some that carried the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the cause of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans and other warm-blooded animals. A high genetic diversity of A. cantonensis based on short mitochondrial DNA regions is reported from Southeast Asia. However, the identity of invasive A. cantonensis is known for only a minority of countries. The affordability of next-generation sequencing for characterisation of A. cantonensis genomes should enable new insights into rat lung worm invasion and parasite identification in experimental studies.<br><br>METHODS: Genomic DNA from morphologically verified A. cantonensis (two laboratory-maintained strains and two field isolates) was sequenced using low coverage whole genome sequencing. The complete mitochondrial genome was assembled and compared to published A. cantonensis and Angiostrongylus malaysiensis sequences. To determine if the commonly sequenced partial cox1 can unequivocally identify A. cantonensis genetic lineages, the diversity of cox1 was re-evaluated in the context of the publicly available cox1 sequences and the entire mitochondrial genomes. Published experimental studies available in Web of Science were systematically reviewed to reveal published identities of A. cantonensis used in experimental studies.<br><br>RESULTS: New A. cantonensis mitochondrial genomes from Sydney (Australia), Hawaii (USA), Canary Islands (Spain) and Fatu Hiva (French Polynesia), were assembled from next-generation sequencing data. Comparison of A. cantonensis mitochondrial genomes from outside of Southeast Asia showed low genetic diversity (0.02-1.03%) within a single lineage of A. cantonensis. Both cox1 and cox2 were considered the preferred markers for A. cantonensis haplotype identification. Systematic review revealed that unequivocal A. cantonensis identification of strains used in experimental studies is hindered by absence of their genetic and geographical identity.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Low coverage whole genome sequencing provides data enabling standardised identification of A. cantonensis laboratory strains and field isolates. The phenotype of invasive A. cantonensis, such as the capacity to establish in new territories, has a strong genetic component, as the A. cantonensis found outside of the original endemic area are genetically uniform. It is imperative that the genotype of A. cantonensis strains maintained in laboratories and used in experimental studies is unequivocally characterised.}, }
@article {pmid31096370, year = {2019}, author = {Koutsikos, N and Zogaris, S and Vardakas, L and Kalantzi, OI and Dimitriou, E and Economou, AN}, title = {Tracking non-indigenous fishes in lotic ecosystems: Invasive patterns at different spatial scales in Greece.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {659}, number = {}, pages = {384-400}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.324}, pmid = {31096370}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Mediterranean lotic waters such as rivers, streams and springs are poorly monitored for non-indigenous fish species (NIFS). Since these systems are stressed by multiple anthropogenic pressures, it is important to build robust procedures to track NIFS distribution and spread. This study applies a multi-faceted assessment of NIFS in the lotic ecosystems of Greece at different spatial scales by providing: a) a historical review of temporal patterns and arrival pathways of fish introductions in river basins of Greece (140 basins) across 100years; b) an analysis of occurrence and abundance data of NIFS assemblages at the lotic site scale (644 electrofished sites); c) the mapping of NIFS distributional patterns at river basin (75 basins) and regional scales (7 freshwater ecoregions); and, d) a vector analysis of fish translocations using an ecoregional framework. In total, 55 NIFS were recorded (25 alien and 30 translocated); however, there is a low incidence of NIFS in lotic waters at the site scale (30 NIFS recorded in the field samples; 10 alien and 20 translocated). NIFS introductions in Greece appear to be influenced by specific socio-historical periods, indicating a gradual increase since late 1970s. Despite this increase, our study provides evidence that only four alien species are currently widespread and common in the rivers and streams of Greece: Gambusia holbrooki, Carassius gibelio, Pseudorasbora parva, and Lepomis gibbosus (in order of recorded abundance). NIFS tend to be absent or distributed in very low numbers in upland streams and in smaller river basins. However, the issue of translocated fish species is shown to be a sorely neglected problem that is difficult to track. This review tests a readily transferable screening procedure, contributes to the application of the European Union Regulation on Invasive Alien Species; it suggests gaps and uncertainties, and proposes conservation and management actions.}, }
@article {pmid31096343, year = {2019}, author = {Chen, W and He, B and Nover, D and Lu, H and Liu, J and Sun, W and Chen, W}, title = {Farm ponds in southern China: Challenges and solutions for conserving a neglected wetland ecosystem.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {659}, number = {}, pages = {1322-1334}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.394}, pmid = {31096343}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Farm ponds, which are sometimes numerous and widely distributed in agricultural regions, have faced widespread degradation in recent decades. Although conservation strategies for these biodiversity hotspots have gradually increased, appropriate approaches for developing country contexts are lacking. Farm ponds provided hydrologic, biogeochemical, and socioeconomic benefits to southern China for thousands of years, but they are facing contemporary threats and management challenges, including (1) inadequate planning in terms of construction and conservation regulations; (2) rural nonpoint source and mini-point source pollution; (3) climate change induced abnormalities in the hydroperiod and disturbance to wildlife; (4) invasive species; and (5) inadequate social and political capacity to consider ecological conservation. Because farm ponds function as wetland complexes that are embedded within or integral to larger ecosystems, their conservation requires collaborative efforts over scales ranging from within-pond to regional. We highlight approaches that build public awareness and involve inventory maps as a basis. Policies that integrate top-down regulation and bottom-up engagement and emphasize sustainable management and utilization are recommended to ensure the effectiveness and continuous improvement of conservation programs. Techniques that involve interconnected smart sensors, volunteering and citizen science, and integrated process-based modeling are preferred when conducting comprehensive descriptions of the pond landscape, numerical assessments on their ecosystem services, and associated conservation cost analyses. Nature-based solutions are increasingly recognized as an important opportunity for coping with water-related crises. This paper presents the first synthetic perspective on the ecological roles of farm ponds in agriculturally dominated developing countries. The analytical framework and conservation suggestions are referential to sustainable rural development and the management of other small, scattered wetlands.}, }
@article {pmid31095990, year = {2019}, author = {Rodríguez, M and Álvarez, B and Loy, I}, title = {Effect of the motivational state on location of novel and familiar food in an invasive land snail species (Theba pisana).}, journal = {Behavioural processes}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2019.05.013}, pmid = {31095990}, issn = {1872-8308}, abstract = {The foraging behaviour of gastropod molluscs usually involves complex decisions that provide a model for the study of high-order cognitive processes. Land snails tested for food-finding in the laboratory, however, have shown an invariable feeding pattern: novel foods are mostly missed (i.e. just found by chance) whilst familiar foods, due to a type of conditioned attraction, are always located and ingested. This effect, known as Food-attraction conditioning, has led to the conclusion that, regardless of their hunger level, land snails are both willing to eat anything at any moment and also blind to the odours of novel foods. An alternative account of these findings emerges from the fact that the snails are usually tested whilst in a moderate state of hunger, so that they benefit from feeding on known foods but not from taking the risk of feeding on those that are unknown. The present experiments suggest that it is the case. Snails of the invasive species Theba pisana were tested for food-finding according to their seasonal cycle in a laboratory located in their native Mediterranean region. Subjects collected at the beginning of their aestivation period succeed in locating novel food items after being deprived for a long period (45 days), but ignored a conditioned food when they were sated with this food at the end of their lethargy. The results allow us to conclude that the feeding behaviour of snails is the product of a complex cost-benefit analysis in which their motivational state and the stimuli they perceive (and the memory of such stimuli), are evaluated. Finally, we anticipate that these results will be of use in increasing the efficiency of current baits employed for the protection of crops.}, }
@article {pmid31095588, year = {2019}, author = {Gleason, JM and Roy, PR and Everman, ER and Gleason, TC and Morgan, TJ}, title = {Phenology of Drosophila species across a temperate growing season and implications for behavior.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {e0216601}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0216601}, pmid = {31095588}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Drosophila community composition is complex in temperate regions with different abundance of flies and species across the growing season. Monitoring Drosophila populations provides insights into the phenology of both native and invasive species. Over a single growing season, we collected Drosophila at regular intervals and determined the number of individuals of the nine species we found in Kansas, USA. Species varied in their presence and abundance through the growing season with peak diversity occurring after the highest seasonal temperatures. We developed models for the abundance of the most common species, Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, D. algonquin, and the recent invasive species, D. suzukii. These models revealed that temperature played the largest role in abundance of each species across the season. For the two most commonly studied species, D. melanogaster and D. simulans, the best models indicate shifted thermal optima compared to laboratory studies, implying that fluctuating temperature may play a greater role in the physiology and ecology of these insects than indicated by laboratory studies, and should be considered in global climate change studies.}, }
@article {pmid31094604, year = {2019}, author = {Willi, Y and Van Buskirk, J}, title = {A Practical Guide to the Study of Distribution Limits.}, journal = {The American naturalist}, volume = {193}, number = {6}, pages = {773-785}, doi = {10.1086/703172}, pmid = {31094604}, issn = {1537-5323}, abstract = {Factors that limit the geographic distribution of species are broadly important in ecology and evolutionary biology, and understanding distribution limits is imperative for predicting how species will respond to environmental change. Good data indicate that factors such as dispersal limitation, small effective population size, and isolation are sometimes important. But empirical research highlights no single factor that explains the ubiquity of distribution limits. In this article, we outline a guide to tackling distribution limits that integrates established causes, such as dispersal limitation and spatial environmental heterogeneity, with understudied causes, such as mutational load and genetic or developmental integration of traits limiting niche expansion. We highlight how modeling and quantitative genetic and genomic analyses can provide insight into sources of distribution limits. Our practical guide provides a framework for considering the many factors likely to determine species distributions and how the different approaches can be integrated to predict distribution limits using eco-evolutionary modeling. The framework should also help predict distribution limits of invasive species and of species under climate change.}, }
@article {pmid31093855, year = {2019}, author = {Jin, PY and Tian, L and Chen, L and Hong, XY}, title = {High genetic diversity in a 'recent outbreak' spider mite, Tetranychus pueraricola, in mainland China.}, journal = {Experimental &amp; applied acarology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10493-019-00377-1}, pmid = {31093855}, issn = {1572-9702}, support = {31672035//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31871976//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {Tetranychus pueraricola is a newly reported spider mite that occurs frequently in mainland China. It is possible that this species was introduced from elsewhere and became a serious pest recently. However, the correct identification of red-pigmented spider mites has repeatedly proven problematic. There is also the possibility that T. pueraricola in China was long misidentified as its sibling species, Tetranychus urticae (red form). To test which of these two scenarios is the more likely, individuals from 14 populations of T. pueraricola and five populations of T. urticae (red form) in China were sampled and genotyped using mitochondrial COI and microsatellite loci. Unlike a recent invasive species, the genetic diversity of T. pueraricola was very high with high mitochondrial genetic diversity (16 haplotypes), high effective alleles (Ne = 2.038 ± 0.081) and expected heterozygosity (He = 0.395 ± 0.016). Surprisingly, we found that all T. urticae (red form) populations shared only one mitochondrial haplotype and showed quite low genetic diversity (Ne = 1.443 ± 0.055; He = 0.234 ± 0.025) which was even lower than that of the green form of T. urticae in mainland China from a previous study. We did not detect significant signals of recent bottlenecks for most populations from both species. These results suggest T. pueraricola is unlikely to be a recent invasive pest but a species that has existed in China for a long time. It is probable that T. pueraricola in China has long been misidentified as T. urticae (red form).}, }
@article {pmid31088282, year = {2019}, author = {Kortz, AR and Magurran, AE}, title = {Increases in local richness (α-diversity) following invasion are offset by biotic homogenization in a biodiversity hotspot.}, journal = {Biology letters}, volume = {15}, number = {5}, pages = {20190133}, doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2019.0133}, pmid = {31088282}, issn = {1744-957X}, abstract = {The world's ecosystems are experiencing unparalleled rates of biodiversity change, with invasive species implicated as one of the drivers that restructure local assemblages. Here we focus on the processes leading to biodiversity change in a biodiversity hotspot, the Brazilian Cerrado. The null expectation that invasion leads to increase in local species richness is supported by our investigation of the grass layer in two key habitats (campo sujo and campo úmido). Our analysis uncovered a linear relationship between total richness and invasive richness at the plot level. However, because the invasive species-even though few in number-are widespread, their contribution to local richness (α-diversity) is offset by their homogenizing influence on composition (β-diversity). We thus identify a mechanism that can help explain the paradox that species richness is not declining in many local assemblages, yet compositional change is exceeding the predictions of ecological theory. As such, our results emphasize the importance of quantifying both α-diversity and β-diversity in assessments of biodiversity change in the contemporary world.}, }
@article {pmid31084415, year = {2019}, author = {Agamuthu, P and Mehran, SB and Norkhairah, A and Norkhairiyah, A}, title = {Marine debris: A review of impacts and global initiatives.}, journal = {Waste management &amp; research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {734242X19845041}, doi = {10.1177/0734242X19845041}, pmid = {31084415}, issn = {1096-3669}, abstract = {Marine debris, defined as any persistent manufactured or processed solid material discarded, disposed of or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment, has been highlighted as a contaminant of global environmental and economic concern. The five main categories of marine debris comprise of plastic, paper, metal, textile, glass and rubber. Plastics is recognised as the major constituent of marine debris, representing between 50% and 90% of the total marine debris found globally. Between 4.8 and 12.7 million metric tonnes of consumer plastics end up in the world oceans annually, resulting in the presence of more than 100 million particles of macroplastics in only 12 regional seas worldwide, and with 51 trillion particles of microplastic floating on the ocean surface globally. The impacts of marine debris can be branched out into three categories; injury to or death of marine organisms, harm to marine environment and effects on human health and economy. Marine mammals often accidentally ingest marine debris because of its appearance that can easily be mistaken as food. Moreover, floating plastics may act as vehicles for chemicals and/or environmental contaminants, which may be absorbed on to their surface during their use and permanence into the environment. Additionally, floating plastics is a potential vector for the introduction of invasive species that get attached to it, into the marine environment. In addition, human beings are not excluded from the impact of marine debris as they become exposed to microplastics through seafood consumption. Moreover, landscape degradation owing to debris accumulation is an eyesore and aesthetically unpleasant, thus resulting in decreased tourism and subsequent income loss. There are a wide range of initiatives that have been taken to tackle the issue of marine debris. They may involve manual removal of marine debris from coastal and aquatic environment in form of programmes and projects organised, such as beach clean-ups by scientific communities, non-governmental organizations and the removal of marine litter from Europe's four regional seas, respectively. Other initiatives focus on assessment, reduction, prevention and management of marine debris under the umbrella of international (the United Nations Environment Programme/Mediterranean Action Plan, the Oslo/Paris Convention) and regional organisations - that is, the Helsinki Commission. There are also a number of international conventions and national regulations that encourage mitigation and management of marine debris. However, it is argued that these initiatives are short-term unsustainable solutions and the long-term sustainable solution would be adoption of circular economy. Similarly, four of the sustainable developmental goals have targets that promote mitigation of marine debris by efficient waste management and practice of 3R. As evident by the Ad Hoc Expert Group on Marine Litter and Microplastics meeting, tackling the marine debris crisis is not a straightforward, one-size-fits-all solution, but rather an integrated and continuous effort required at local, regional and global level.}, }
@article {pmid31082365, year = {2019}, author = {Ehlers, J and Poppert, S and Ratovonamana, RY and Ganzhorn, JU and Tappe, D and Krüger, A}, title = {Ectoparasites of endemic and domestic animals in southwest Madagascar.}, journal = {Acta tropica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.05.008}, pmid = {31082365}, issn = {1873-6254}, abstract = {Human encroachment of natural habitats bears the threat of disease transmission between native and introduced species that had not come into contact before, thus promoting the spread of new diseases in both directions. This is a matter of concern especially in areas where human-wildlife contact has not been intense in the recent past. In southwest Madagascar, we collected ectoparasites from various mammalian hosts and chicken, and examined their host preferences and their prevalence in relation to season and habitat degradation. Field-work took place in the northern portion of Tsimanampetsotsa National Park and the adjacent coastal strip (littoral) in the dry and in the rainy season of 2016/2017. Endemic mammals were trapped with live traps placed in habitats of different degrees of degradation: 1) relatively pristine forest, 2) degraded forest, 3) cultivated and shrub land. Rats and mice were also trapped in 4) villages. We identified 17 species of ectoparasites (296 individuals of ticks [5 species], 535 lice [7 spp.], 389 fleas [4 spp.] and 13 mites [1 sp.]) collected from 15 host species. There was no indication for seasonal or habitat effects on parasite infection. A large portion of the parasites was host-specific. Some ectoparasite species were shared either by several endemic or by several introduced species, but apart from the introduced flea species Echidnophaga gallinacea (collected from six different hosts including the endemic carnivore Galidictis grandidieri) no other ectoparasite species was shared between endemic and introduced host species.}, }
@article {pmid30589878, year = {2018}, author = {Ranjan, R}, title = {Protecting endemic species from African Catfish invasion when community behavioral responses get in the way.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {13}, number = {12}, pages = {e0209009}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0209009}, pmid = {30589878}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Animals ; Catfishes/*physiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Introduced Species ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; }, abstract = {Exotic invasive fish species, when introduced into pristine natural environments, threaten the survival of many endemic species. Management challenges associated with controlling their further spread and protecting endemic species can be exacerbated when the same exotic fish species also provide gastronomical benefits to humans. Local human populations can switch their consumption preferences toward the exotic fish species, leading to an increase in their spread rate and control costs. Using the example of the African Catfish invasion in a freshwater lake, we develop a bioeconomic model of its optimal control, which also incorporates the behavioral challenges arising from a gastronomical preference for the exotic fish species. In particular, the cost of catfish control increases with its consumption demand, which, through altering the inter-species dynamics, threatens the survival of endemic fish species. The manager has at his disposal the market and non-market values of the endemic fish species to invest toward their preservation efforts. The non-market value of the endemic species is further modeled as endogenous to the community's preference switching. Results suggest that a late detection of the exotic fish species in freshwater bodies can increase their control costs enough to make their eradication challenging, especially when the manager faces financial resource constraints. The presence of behavioral effects adds to this challenge - directly, through increasing the control costs, and indirectly, through lowering the non-market value of the endemic fish species.}, }
@article {pmid31081894, year = {2019}, author = {Conzemius, SR and Hesler, LS and Varenhorst, AJ and Tilmon, KJ}, title = {Resistance of Soybean Plant Introductions to Three Colonies of Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotype 4.}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toz116}, pmid = {31081894}, issn = {1938-291X}, abstract = {Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), infestations of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabales: Fabaceae), and the associated yield loss have led to a large dependence on insecticidal management in soybean throughout the Midwestern United States. However, several populations of pyrethroid-resistant soybean aphids have recently been found in Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota, which highlights the importance of alternative management approaches. One such alternative method is host-plant resistance, which uses naturally occurring plant defenses in crop cultivars to reduce the potential for yield loss from a pest population. Current soybean aphid-resistant cultivars do not protect against all soybean aphids due to the presence of virulent biotypes. In particular, soybean aphid biotype 4 is virulent to Rag1 and Rag2 resistance genes both individually and in combination. However, we hypothesized that resistance to biotype 4 may exist in previously identified, but uncharacterized resistant soybean plant introductions (PIs). To test this, we evaluated 51 previously identified but uncharacterized soybean aphid-resistant PIs for their resistance to colonies of soybean aphid biotype 4 collected in separate site-years (Lomira, WI 2013; Volga, SD 2015, 2016). Free-choice tests identified 14 PIs with putative resistance to 'Lomira13', two to 'Volga15', and eight to 'Volga16' soybean aphid colonies. Follow-up, no-choice tests corroborated two to three resistant PIs per colony, and PI 437696, which was resistant to each of the three colonies and could aid in breeding efforts and an integrated approach to soybean aphid management.}, }
@article {pmid31080513, year = {2019}, author = {Sard, N and Robinson, J and Kanefsky, J and Herbst, S and Scribner, K}, title = {Coalescent models characterize sources and demographic history of recent round goby colonization of Great Lakes and inland waters.}, journal = {Evolutionary applications}, volume = {12}, number = {5}, pages = {1034-1049}, doi = {10.1111/eva.12779}, pmid = {31080513}, issn = {1752-4571}, abstract = {The establishment and spread of aquatic invasive species are ecologically and economically harmful and a source of conservation concern internationally. Processes of species invasion have traditionally been inferred from observational data of species presence/absence and relative abundance. However, genetic-based approaches can provide valuable sources of inference. Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing was used to identify and genotype single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for Round Gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) (N = 440) from 18 sampling locations in the Great Lakes and in three Michigan, USA, drainages (Flint, Au Sable, and Cheboygan River basins). Sampled rivers differed in size, accessibility, and physical characteristics including man-made dispersal barriers. Population levels of genetic diversity and interpopulation variance in SNP allele frequency were used in coalescence-based approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to statistically compare models representing competing hypotheses regarding source population, postcolonization dispersal, and demographic history in the Great Lakes and inland waters. Results indicate different patterns of colonization across the three drainages. In the Flint River, models indicate a strong population bottleneck (<3% of contemporary effective population size) and a single founding event from Saginaw Bay led to the colonization of inland river segments. In the Au Sable River, analyses could not distinguish potential source populations, but supported models indicated multiple introductions from one source population. In the Cheboygan River, supported models indicated that colonization likely proceeded from east (Lake Huron source) to west among inland locales sampled in the system. Despite the recent occupancy of Great Lakes and inland habitats, large numbers of loci analyzed in an ABC framework enable statistically supported identification of source populations and reconstruction of the direction of inland spread and demographic history following establishment. Information from analyses can direct management actions to limit the spread of invasive species from identified sources and most probable vectors into additional inland aquatic habitats.}, }
@article {pmid30955756, year = {2019}, author = {Kocak, F and Kucuksezgin, F and Bakal, I}, title = {Impact of environmental variables on fouling bryozoan species in the Eastern Aegean Sea.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {141}, number = {}, pages = {46-51}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.060}, pmid = {30955756}, issn = {1879-3363}, mesh = {Ammonium Compounds/analysis ; Animals ; Bryozoa/*physiology ; Chlorophyll A/analysis ; Introduced Species ; Mediterranean Sea ; Nitrates/analysis ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Oxygen/analysis ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Salinity ; Seawater/analysis/*chemistry ; Temperature ; }, abstract = {Bryozoans are the major component of marine macro-fouling communities. In the study, the relations between bryozoan species and environmental variables were investigated at seven stations along the Aegean coast in August and December 2015. Constant bryozoan species in both sampling periods were Bugula neritina, Amathia verticillata, Shizoporella errata, Cryptosula pallasiana and Celleporaria brunnea. Their relationship with physico-chemical variables (Temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen, orthophosphate phosphorous, total phosphate, chlorophyll-a) were analysed by means of logistic regression analysis. The result showed that temperature with B. neritina; NH4-N, oPO4-P and TPO4-P with A verticillata; dissolved oxygen concentrations with S. errata and C. brunnea were positively related (p < 0.05).}, }
@article {pmid30955744, year = {2019}, author = {Pereda-Briones, L and Terrados, J and Tomas, F}, title = {Negative effects of warming on seagrass seedlings are not exacerbated by invasive algae.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {141}, number = {}, pages = {36-45}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.049}, pmid = {30955744}, issn = {1879-3363}, mesh = {Alismatales/growth &amp; development/*physiology ; Caulerpa/*physiology ; Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; Mediterranean Sea ; Rhodophyta/*physiology ; Seawater ; Seedlings/*growth &amp; development/physiology ; Temperature ; }, abstract = {The observed and projected rise in sea surface temperature challenges marine biodiversity worldwide, and particularly in temperate ecosystems dealing with the arrival of novel species of tropical provenance. When the impacted biota are early life stages of ecosystem engineers, the effects of those impacts are of major concern for ecologists and coastal managers. We experimentally examined the individual and potential additive effects of seawater warming and the presence of the invasive algae on the development of seedlings of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in a three-month mesocosm experiment. Whereas the presence of the invasive algae (Caulerpa cylindracea and Lophocladia lallemandii) did not result in detrimental effects on seedlings, warming negatively affected seedling development. Interestingly, the presence of both invasive algae may ameliorate the negative effects of warming.}, }
@article {pmid30150616, year = {2018}, author = {Stymne, S and Ohlrogge, J}, title = {Tweaking enzymes for exotic plant oils.}, journal = {Nature plants}, volume = {4}, number = {9}, pages = {633-634}, doi = {10.1038/s41477-018-0233-7}, pmid = {30150616}, issn = {2055-0278}, mesh = {Fatty Acids ; *Introduced Species ; Oils ; *Plants ; Seeds ; }, }
@article {pmid29886859, year = {2018}, author = {Landaeta-Aqueveque, C and Robles, MDR and Henríquez, A and Yáñez-Meza, A and Correa, JP and González-Acuña, D and Cattan, PE}, title = {Phylogenetic and ecological factors affecting the sharing of helminths between native and introduced rodents in Central Chile.}, journal = {Parasitology}, volume = {145}, number = {12}, pages = {1570-1576}, doi = {10.1017/S0031182018000446}, pmid = {29886859}, issn = {1469-8161}, mesh = {Animals ; Chile/epidemiology ; Ecology ; Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Helminths/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/*physiology ; Introduced Species ; Phylogeny ; Rodent Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Rodentia ; }, abstract = {In order to analyse the effect of hosts' relationships and the helminthic load on the switching of parasites between native and introduced hosts, we sampled rodents belonging to two suborders from Central Chile. We compared the number of helminthic species shared between murids (introduced) and cricetid (native, same suborder) rodents to those shared between murids and hystricomorphs (native, different suborder), and we assessed the association between parasitic presence, abundance and geographical dispersion in source hosts to the presence and abundance in recipient hosts. Introduced rodent species shared more helminth species with cricetid rodents than with non-cricetids. Presence and abundance in recipient hosts was not associated with the prevalence and mean abundance in source hosts' population. The mean abundance of parasites in source hosts throughout the territory and wider dispersion was positively associated with the likelihood of being shared with a recipient host. Closer relationships between native and introduced hosts and high parasitic abundance and dispersion could facilitate host switching of helminths between native and introduced rodents. This work provides the first documentation of the importance of parasitic abundance and dispersion on the switching of parasites between native and introduced hosts.}, }
@article {pmid31076848, year = {2019}, author = {Goedknegt, MA and Nauta, R and Markovic, M and Buschbaum, C and Folmer, EO and Luttikhuizen, PC and van der Meer, J and Waser, AM and Wegner, KM and Thieltges, DW}, title = {How invasive oysters can affect parasite infection patterns in native mussels on a large spatial scale.}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00442-019-04408-x}, pmid = {31076848}, issn = {1432-1939}, support = {839.11.002//NWO-ZKO/ ; }, abstract = {There are surprisingly few field studies on the role of invasive species on parasite infection patterns in native hosts. We investigated the role of invasive Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas) in determining parasite infection levels in native blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) in relation to other environmental and biotic factors. Using hierarchical field sampling covering three spatial scales along a large intertidal ecosystem (European Wadden Sea), we found strong spatial differences in infection levels of five parasite species associated with mussels and oysters. We applied mixed models to analyse the associations between parasite prevalence and abundance in mussels and oysters, and 12 biological and environmental factors. For each parasite-host relationship, an optimal model (either a null, one-factor or two-factor model) was selected based on AIC scores. We found that the density of invasive oysters contributed to three of the 12 models. Other biological factors such as host size (six models), and the density of target or alternative host species (five models) contributed more frequently to the best models. Furthermore, for parasite species infecting both mussels and oysters, parasite population densities were higher in native mussels, attributed to the higher densities of mussels. Our results indicate that invasive species can affect parasite infection patterns in native species in the field, but that their relative contribution may be further mediated by other biological and environmental parameters. These results stress the usefulness of large-scale field studies for detailed assessments of the mechanisms underlying the impacts of invasive species on native host communities.}, }
@article {pmid31076638, year = {2019}, author = {Aschim, RA and Brook, RK}, title = {Evaluating Cost-Effective Methods for Rapid and Repeatable National Scale Detection and Mapping of Invasive Species Spread.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {7254}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-43729-y}, pmid = {31076638}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {16-9200-0396-CA//U.S. Department of Agriculture (United States Department of Agriculture)/ ; }, abstract = {Invasive species can spread rapidly at local and national scales, creating significant environmental and economic impacts. A central problem in mitigation efforts is identifying methods that can rapidly detect invasive species in a cost-effective and repeatable manner. This challenge is particularly acute for species that can spread over large areas (>1 million km2). Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one of the most prolific invasive mammals on Earth and cause extensive damage to agricultural crops, native ecosystems, and livestock, and are reservoirs of disease. They have spread from their native range in Eurasia and North Africa into large areas of Australia, Africa, South America, and North America. We show that the range of invasive wild pigs has increased exponentially in Canada over the last 27 years following initial and ongoing releases and escapes from domestic wild boar farms. The cumulative range of wild pigs across Canada is 777,783 km2, with the majority of wild pig distribution occurring in the Prairie Provinces. We evaluate eight different data collection and evaluation/validation methods for mapping invasive species over large areas, and assess their benefits and limitations. Our findings effectively map the spread of a highly invasive large mammal and demonstrate that management efforts should ideally rely on a set of complementary independent monitoring methods. Mapping and evaluating resulting species occurrences provide baseline maps against which future changes can be rapidly evaluated.}, }
@article {pmid31076591, year = {2019}, author = {Robinson, CV and de Leaniz, CG and Consuegra, S}, title = {Effect of artificial barriers on the distribution of the invasive signal crayfish and Chinese mitten crab.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {7230}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-43570-3}, pmid = {31076591}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {The role of river obstacles in preventing or facilitating the dispersal and establishment of aquatic invasive species is controversial. Novel detection tools like environmental DNA (eDNA) can be used for monitoring aquatic invasive species (AIS) such as the American signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), providing information on the effect of barriers on their distribution. We analysed eDNA from both water and surface sediment in three river catchments (Medway, Dee and Stour; Great Britain), with differing levels of connectivity, to determine spatial distribution of the two species, and assessed the effect of barriers on their eDNA detection. Positive eDNA detections were obtained within confirmed sites for both species in all catchments, with evidence of species overlap in the River Medway. Upstream barriers in the Medway positively influenced detection success of mitten crab lower in the catchment while detection success of signal crayfish was higher in the highly fragmented catchment (River Medway). This information on the role of river barriers on AIS distribution and eDNA detection is important for management strategies and for predicting both future dispersal and likelihood of new colonisations in previously uninvaded fragmented catchments.}, }
@article {pmid31072605, year = {2019}, author = {Requier, F and Garnery, L and Kohl, PL and Njovu, HK and Pirk, CWW and Crewe, RM and Steffan-Dewenter, I}, title = {The Conservation of Native Honey Bees Is Crucial.}, journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2019.04.008}, pmid = {31072605}, issn = {1872-8383}, abstract = {Recent studies have emphasized the role of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera, as a managed agricultural species worldwide, but also as a potential threat to endangered wild pollinators. This has resulted in the suggestion that honey bees should be regulated in natural areas to conserve wild pollinators. We argue that this perspective fails to appreciate the multifaceted nature of honey bees as native or introduced species with either managed or wild colonies. Wild populations of A. mellifera are currently imperiled, and natural areas are critical for the conservation of local subspecies and genotypes. We propose that a differentiation between managed and wild populations is required and encourage integrated conservation planning for all endangered wild bees, including A. mellifera.}, }
@article {pmid30362595, year = {2019}, author = {Boegehold, AG and Alame, K and Johnson, NS and Kashian, DR}, title = {Cyanobacteria reduce motility of quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) sperm.}, journal = {Environmental toxicology and chemistry}, volume = {38}, number = {2}, pages = {368-374}, doi = {10.1002/etc.4305}, pmid = {30362595}, issn = {1552-8618}, mesh = {Animals ; Cyanobacteria/*growth &amp; development/metabolism ; Dreissena/*physiology ; Eutrophication ; Fresh Water/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; Male ; Reproduction/physiology ; Species Specificity ; Sperm Motility/*physiology ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Water Microbiology ; }, abstract = {The temporal expansion of harmful algal blooms, primarily associated with cyanobacteria, may impact aquatic organisms at vulnerable life-history stages. Broadcast spawning species release gametes into the water column for external fertilization, directly exposing sperm to potential aquatic stressors. To determine if cyanobacteria can disrupt reproduction in freshwater broadcast spawners, we evaluated sublethal effects of cyanobacteria exposure on quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) sperm. In laboratory studies, sperm were collected after inducing mussels to spawn using serotonin and exposed to 11 cultures of cyanobacteria including Anabaena flos-aquae, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Dolichospermum lemmermannii, Gloeotrichia echinulata, 5 cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa, M. wesenbergii, and Planktothrix suspensa. Sperm motility, using endpoints of cumulative distance traveled and mean velocity, was calculated for a minimum of 10 individual sperm using a novel optical biotracking assay method. The distance and velocity at which sperm traveled decreased when exposed to Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and 2 M. aeruginosa cultures. Our findings indicate that cyanobacteria impede the motility of quagga mussel sperm, which can potentially result in reproductive impairments to mussels and potentially other broadcast spawning species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:368-374. © 2018 SETAC.}, }
@article {pmid31069663, year = {2019}, author = {Wollmann, J and Schlesener, DCH and Ferreira, MS and Kruger, AP and Bernardi, D and Garcia, JAB and Nunes, AM and Garcia, MS and Garcia, FRM}, title = {Population Dynamics of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Berry Crops in Southern Brazil.}, journal = {Neotropical entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s13744-019-00686-5}, pmid = {31069663}, issn = {1678-8052}, abstract = {Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an invasive species originating in Southeast Asia and considered a severe pest in berry crops in several countries of the Northern Hemisphere and Europe. In South America, the species was first detected in 2013. The objective of the study was to monitor the seasonal activity of D. suzukii in commercial crops of blackberry, strawberry guava, surinam cherry, blueberry, and strawberry during two consecutive harvests and in three properties in the Southern region of Brazil during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 harvests, with the aid of traps baited with apple cider vinegar. The highest population peaks were observed during late spring to mid-fall in all areas and plant species studied. It was verified that temperature is the factor that most influenced the seasonal activity of D. suzukii in the field, promoting low catches of the species during winter. However, even during periods of low temperatures (winter period), the presence of D. suzukii in the crops was verified, demonstrating the species' ability to stay in place from year to year, surviving in alternative hosts such as Eriobotrya japonica, a common species in the region. The information on the time of the highest occurrence of the pest in different hosts presented in this study provides the basis for decision-making in relation to the management of D. suzukii, to avoid further economic damage.}, }
@article {pmid31065232, year = {2019}, author = {Malumbres-Olarte, J and Cardoso, P and Crespo, LCF and Gabriel, R and Pereira, F and Carvalho, R and Rego, C and Nunes, R and Ferreira, MT and Amorim, IR and Rigal, F and Borges, PAV}, title = {Standardised inventories of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Macaronesia I: The native forests of the Azores (Pico and Terceira islands).}, journal = {Biodiversity data journal}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {e32625}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.7.e32625}, pmid = {31065232}, issn = {1314-2828}, abstract = {Background: The data presented here come from samples collected as part of two recent research projects (NETBIOME - ISLANDBIODIV and FCT - MACDIV) which aimed at understanding the drivers of community assembly in Macaronesian islands. We applied the sampling protocol COBRA (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment, Cardoso 2009) in sixteen 50 m x 50 m native forest plots in the Azorean Islands of Pico (6 plots) and Terceira (10 plots) to assess spider diversity. Through this publication, we contribute to the knowledge of the arachnofauna of the Azores and, more specifically, to that of the islands of Pico and Terceira.<br><br>New information: The collected samples yielded 8,789 specimens, of which 45% were adults (3,970) belonging to 13 families, 36 species and three morphospecies that have yet to be described. Species of the family Linyphiidae dominated the samples, with 17 species and two morphospecies that have yet to be described (48% of the taxa). Out of the identified (morpho)species, 16 were introduced, 13 Azorean endemic (three of which were undescribed) and seven native (five of them Macaronesian endemics). We report the first record of the introduced species Haplodrassus signifer and Agyneta decora in Pico Island.}, }
@article {pmid31063222, year = {2019}, author = {Westby, KM and Sweetman, BM and Van Horn, TR and Biro, EG and Medley, KA}, title = {Invasive species reduces parasite prevalence and neutralizes negative environmental effects on parasitism in a native mosquito.}, journal = {The Journal of animal ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.13004}, pmid = {31063222}, issn = {1365-2656}, abstract = {1.Invasive species research often focuses on direct effects of invasion on native ecosystems and less so on complex effects such as those influencing host-parasite interactions. However, invaders could have important effects on native host-parasite dynamics. Where infectious stages are ubiquitous and native host-pathogen specificity is strong, invasive less-competent hosts may reduce the pool of infectious stages, effectively reducing native host-parasite encounter rate. Alternatively, invasive species could alter transmission via changes in native species abundance. 2.Biotic and abiotic environmental factors can also impact disease dynamics by altering host or parasite condition. However, little is known about potential interactive effects of invasion and environmental context on native species disease dynamics. Moreover, experimental examinations of the mechanisms driving dilution effects are limited, but serve to provide tests of predictions leading to diversity-disease relationships. 3.Using field and laboratory experiments, we tested competing hypotheses that an invasive species reduces the prevalence of a native parasite in its host by removing infectious propagules from the environment or by reducing native host abundance. In addition, we evaluated the role of detritus quantity as a resource base in mediating effects of the invasive species. 4.Native parasite prevalence was reduced when the invasive species was present. Prevalence was also higher in high detritus habitats, although this effect was lost when the invasive species was present. The invasive species significantly reduced infectious propagules from the aquatic habitats. Presence of the invasive species had no effect on the native species abundance; thus, the reduction in parasitism was not due to changes in host density but through a reduction in infectious propagule encounters. 5.We conclude that an invasive species can facilitate a native species by reducing parasite prevalence via a dilution effect and that these effects can be modified by resource level. Reductions in parasitism may have ripple effects throughout the community, altering the strength of competitive interactions, predation rates, or coinfection with other pathogens. We advocate considering potential positive effects of invasive species on recipient communities, in addition to effects of invasions on host-parasite interactions to gain a broader understanding of the complex consequences of invasion. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31062924, year = {2019}, author = {Giuliani, C and Lastrucci, L and Cresti, L and Santini, G and Foggi, B and Mariotti Lippi, M}, title = {The morphology and activity of the extrafloral nectaries in Reynoutria x bohemica (Polygonaceae).}, journal = {Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/plb.13004}, pmid = {31062924}, issn = {1438-8677}, abstract = {RESEARCH AND METHODS APPLIED: Reynoutria x bohemica is an invasive species, causing significant damages to native ecosystems in North America and Europe. In this work, we performed an in-depth micromorphological characterization of the extrafloral nectaries (EFN), during their secretory and post-secretory phases, in combination with field monitoring on their activity over time and the qualitative pool of insect visitors.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: EFN consist of secretory trichomes and vascularized parenchyma. Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins were histochemically detected in all the trichome cells; phenolic substances were detected in the parenchyma cells. Our data indicate that all nectary regions are involved in nectar production and release, constituting a functional unit. Moreover, the main compounds classes of the nectar and their transfer change over time: at first, granulocrine secretion for sugars prevails, afterwards, eccrine secretion of the lipophilic fraction takes place. Active nectaries are mainly located at the apical portion of the stem during the growth phase (April-May) when we detected the highest number of individuals visited by ants; from mid-August onwards, during the flowering, the number of active nectaries declined until it ceased (September), with concomitant decrease of visits by the ants. The spectrum of the nectar-foraging ants mainly included representatives of the genera Formica, Lasius and Camponotus.<br><br>MAIN CONCLUSIONS: R. x bohemica produces an attracting secretion able to recruit local ants that may potentially act as &quot;bodyguards&quot; for protecting young shoots, reducing the secretion during the blooming stage. The defense mechanism against herbivores is the same displayed by the parental species in their native areas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31061419, year = {2019}, author = {Zhao, D and Wang, X and Chen, J and Huang, Z and Huo, H and Jiang, C and Huang, H and Zhang, C and Wei, S}, title = {Selection of reference genes for qPCR normalization in buffalobur (Solanum rostratum Dunal).}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {6948}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-43438-6}, pmid = {31061419}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {6182033//Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (Beijing Natural Science Foundation)/ ; 31171867//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 31572022//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; }, abstract = {Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum Dunal), which belongs to the Solanaceae family, is a worldwide noxious invasive weed and is listed as one of the top 10 alien invasive species in China. It is harmful to humans and livestock because the entire plant is covered with spines containing toxins. Many studies have analysed the gene expression in this weed species under different stress conditions using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). However, until now, there has been no report on suitable reference genes in buffalobur. Herein, 14 candidate reference genes were selected and evaluated for their expression stability in buffalobur in different tissues, at different developmental stages, and in response to several stress conditions using the geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder statistical algorithms. The results showed that EF1α, ACT and SAND are suitable reference genes across all samples tested. We recommend the normalization of target gene expression under different experimental conditions using these three genes together. Validation of selected reference genes was achieved by assessing the relative expression levels of P5CS and GI. This work identified the appropriate reference genes for transcript normalization in buffalobur, which will be helpful in future genetic studies of this invasive weed.}, }
@article {pmid30543700, year = {2018}, author = {Dussault, C and Nelder, MP and Russell, C and Johnson, S and Vrbova, L}, title = {Evaluating the impact of Aedes japonicus invasion on the mosquito community in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region (Ontario, Canada).}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {13}, number = {12}, pages = {e0208911}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0208911}, pmid = {30543700}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Aedes/*pathogenicity/virology ; Animals ; Culicidae/*physiology ; Female ; *Introduced Species ; Ontario/epidemiology ; Population Dynamics ; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/transmission/virology ; West Nile virus/isolation &amp; purification/pathogenicity ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Aedes japonicus was first documented in Ontario, Canada, in 2001. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Ae. japonicus establishment on the abundance of other mosquitoes in the Greater Golden Horseshoe (GGH) region of Ontario.<br><br>METHODS: Adult mosquito data from the Ontario West Nile virus surveillance program were used. Descriptive analyses, linear trends and distribution maps of average trap count per month for six mosquito species of interest were produced. Multivariable negative binomial regression models were constructed to 1) test whether the invasion of Ae. japonicus affected the abundance of other mosquitoes by comparing the time period before Ae. japonicus was identified in an area (pre-detection), to after it was first identified (detection), and subsequently (establishment), and 2) identify the variables that explain the abundance of the various mosquito species.<br><br>RESULTS: The monthly seasonal average (May-October) of Ae. japonicus per trap night increased from 2002 to 2016, peaking in September, when the average of most other mosquitoes decrease. There were increased numbers of Ae. triseriatus/hendersoni (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.40, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.02-1.94) and decreased numbers of Coquillettidia perturbans (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.26-0.73) in the detection period, compared to the pre-detection period. Additionally, there was a decrease in Cx. pipiens/restuans (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76-0.99) and Cq. perturbans (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49-0.94) in the establishment period, compared to the pre-detection period. None of the most parsimonious explanatory models included the period of the establishment of Ae. japonicus.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that the introduction of Ae. japonicus significantly reduced populations of Ae. triseriatus/hendersoni, Cx. pipiens/restuans or An. punctipennis in the GGH. While further research is needed to understand the impact of the Ae. japonicus invasion on other mosquito species, our work indicates that, on a regional scale, little impact has been noted.}, }
@article {pmid30371798, year = {2018}, author = {Lo, PL and Walker, JTS and Wearing, CH and Hedderley, DI}, title = {Factors Responsible for Changes in Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Species Composition on Orchards and Vineyards 1974-2015, in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand.}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {111}, number = {6}, pages = {2755-2763}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toy281}, pmid = {30371798}, issn = {1938-291X}, mesh = {Animals ; Female ; *Insecticides ; Introduced Species ; Male ; *Moths ; New Zealand ; Population Dynamics ; *Rosaceae ; }, abstract = {Leafrollers are polyphagous pests whose larvae damage fruit and cause market access problems for fruit crops exported from New Zealand. Leafroller larvae and pupae were collected mainly from four fruit crops, but also from hedges, ornamental trees, and understory weeds in orchards and vineyards of Hawke's Bay, a major fruit production region. Samples were collected from 1974 to 1977 and 1993 to 2015. This timespan was divided into periods that broadly coincided with broad-spectrum insecticide management, the transition to selective insecticides, and the full implementation of integrated fruit production (IFP) programs in apples, grapes, and stone fruit. Eight tortricid species were identified, but the accidentally introduced Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and two native species, Ctenopseustis obliquana (Walker) and Planotortrix octo Dugdale, comprised 95% of the samples. The proportions of these three species varied according to interactions between four factors: pest management regime, collection period, property location, and host plant. In the 1970s under broad-spectrum insecticide programs, the native species dominated on all hosts. By the mid-late 1990s when IFP was introduced, all the main leafroller species were in decline. However, E. postvittana declined to a lesser extent than the two native species, and consequently, it became relatively more prominent. This change in species composition was delayed in two districts where localized cases of organophosphate insecticide resistance occurred in C. obliquana and P. octo. From 2000 onwards, E. postvittana was the dominant species in all districts and on all hosts, albeit with a much-reduced pest status, except on hedges and ornamental trees where C. obliquana prevailed.}, }
@article {pmid30247661, year = {2018}, author = {San Jose, M and Doorenweerd, C and Leblanc, L and Barr, N and Geib, S and Rubinoff, D}, title = {Tracking the Origins of Fly Invasions; Using Mitochondrial Haplotype Diversity to Identify Potential Source Populations in Two Genetically Intertwined Fruit Fly Species (Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera dorsalis [Diptera: Tephritidae]).}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {111}, number = {6}, pages = {2914-2926}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toy272}, pmid = {30247661}, issn = {1938-291X}, mesh = {Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Hybridization, Genetic ; *Introduced Species ; Phylogeography ; Tephritidae/*genetics ; }, abstract = {Bactrocera carambolae Drew and Hancock and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important pests of many fruits. These flies have been spread across the world through global travel and trade, and new areas are at risk of invasion. Whenever new invasive populations are discovered, quick and accurate identification is needed to mitigate the damage they can cause. Determining invasive pathways can prevent further spread of pests as well as subsequent reinvasions through the same pathway. Molecular markers can be used for both species identification and pathway analysis. We analyzed 1,601 individuals from 19 populations using 765 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene to infer the haplotype diversity and population structure within these flies from across their native and invasive ranges. We analyzed these samples by either grouping by species or geographic populations due to the genetic similarity in the mitochondrial genome. We found no genetic structure between B. dorsalis and B. carambolae and our findings suggest recent and most likely ongoing, genetic exchange between these two species in the wild. Hyper-diverse mitochondrial genetic diversity in the native range suggests large population sizes and relatively high mutation rates. Only 52% of the haplotypes found in the trap captures from California are shared with haplotypes from flies found in our global survey, indicating significant genetic diversity in the native range that is missing from our samples. However, these results provide a foundation for the accurate determination of the provenance of invasive populations around the world.}, }
@article {pmid31057586, year = {2019}, author = {Gallego-Tévar, B and Infante-Izquierdo, MD and Figueroa, E and Nieva, FJJ and Muñoz-Rodríguez, AF and Grewell, BJ and Castillo, JM}, title = {Some Like It Hot: Maternal-Switching With Climate Change Modifies Formation of Invasive Spartina Hybrids.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {484}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00484}, pmid = {31057586}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {Climate change can induce temporary, spatial or behavioral changes in species, so that only some species can adapt to the new climatic conditions. In the case of invasive species, it is expected that they will be promoted in a context of global change, given their high tolerance to environmental factors and phenotypic plasticity. Once in the invaded range, these species can hybridize with native species thus introducing their genotype in the native biota. However, the effects that climate change will have on this process of invasion by hybridization remain unclear. We evaluated the historical establishment of the reciprocal hybrids between the native Spartina maritima and the invasive S. densiflora in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Iberian Peninsula) and we related it to climatic changes during the period 1955-2017. Our results showed that, according to their dating based on their rate of lateral expansion rates, the establishment of S. maritima × densiflora and S. densiflora × maritima in the Gulf of Cadiz has occurred in the last two centuries and has been related to changes in air temperature and rainfall during the flowering periods of their parental species, with antagonist impacts on both hybrids. Thus, the hybrid S. densiflora × maritima has been established in years with mild ends of spring and beginning of summer when the flowering of S. maritima lengthened and its pollen production was higher, and it coincided with the beginning of the flowering period of S. densiflora. Moreover, the establishment of this hybrid was related to higher spring/summer rainfalls, probably due to the reduction in salinity in middle marshes. However, the hybrid S. maritima × densiflora, was established mainly in warmer spring/summers in which the proportion of pollen:ovule of S. maritima was reduced favoring its pollination by S. densiflora. As a consequence of the promotion of S. maritima × densiflora with climate change, the native and endangered species S. maritima would be threatened, as both taxa share the same habitat and the hybrid shows a remarkably higher competitive potential.}, }
@article {pmid31056056, year = {2019}, author = {Bebber, DP}, title = {Climate change effects on Black Sigatoka disease of banana.}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences}, volume = {374}, number = {1775}, pages = {20180269}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2018.0269}, pmid = {31056056}, issn = {1471-2970}, abstract = {Climate change has significantly altered species distributions in the wild and has the potential to affect the interactions between pests and diseases and their human, animal and plant hosts. While several studies have projected changes in disease distributions in the future, responses to historical climate change are poorly understood. Such analyses are required to dissect the relative contributions of climate change, host availability and dispersal to the emergence of pests and diseases. Here, we model the influence of climate change on the most damaging disease of a major tropical food plant, Black Sigatoka disease of banana. Black Sigatoka emerged from Asia in the late twentieth Century and has recently completed its invasion of Latin American and Caribbean banana-growing areas. We parametrize an infection model with published experimental data and drive the model with hourly microclimate data from a global climate reanalysis dataset. We define infection risk as the sum of the number of modelled hourly spore cohorts that infect a leaf over a time interval. The model shows that infection risk has increased by a median of 44.2% across banana-growing areas of Latin America and the Caribbean since the 1960s, due to increasing canopy wetness and improving temperature conditions for the pathogen. Thus, while increasing banana production and global trade have probably facilitated Black Sigatoka establishment and spread, climate change has made the region increasingly conducive for plant infection. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes'. This issue is linked with the subsequent theme issue 'Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control'.}, }
@article {pmid31053849, year = {2019}, author = {McCalla, KA and Keçeci, M and Milosavljević, I and Ratkowsky, DA and Hoddle, MS}, title = {The Influence of Temperature Variation on Life History Parameters and Thermal Performance Curves of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a Parasitoid of the Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae).}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toz067}, pmid = {31053849}, issn = {1938-291X}, abstract = {This study examined the effects of seven constant and fluctuating temperature profiles with corresponding averages of 12 to 38°C on the life history of the Punjab, Pakistan-sourced Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) released in California for biological control of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. One linear and seven nonlinear regression functions were fit to egg-to-adult development rate data to characterize thermal performance curves. Temperature fluctuations significantly affected both development and longevity of T. radiata. Estimates of degree-days predicted by the linear model were 30% higher for the fluctuating regime than the constant regime. Nonlinear model estimations of theoretical minimum and maximum developmental thresholds were lower for the fluctuating regime when compared to the constant regime. These predictions align with experimental observations. Parasitoids reared under fluctuating profiles at low average temperatures developed faster (15°C) and survived longer (15-20°C) when compared to those reared under constant regimes with corresponding means. In contrast, high average fluctuating temperatures produced parasitoids with an extended developmental period (35°C) and reduced longevity (30-35°C). A meta-analysis of published T. radiata development datasets, together with the results of this study, indicated convergence in degree-days and theoretical minimum developmental thresholds among geographically distinct parasitoid populations. These findings demonstrate the significant effects of temperature on T. radiata life history and have important implications for optimization of mass-rearing and release efforts, improvement of predictions from climate modeling, and comparison of T. radiata population performance across climatic gradients and geographic regions.}, }
@article {pmid30715316, year = {2019}, author = {Weintraub, PG}, title = {Growth Chamber Data Should Not be Used to Predict Invasive Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) Establishment.}, journal = {Environmental entomology}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {271-273}, doi = {10.1093/ee/nvz003}, pmid = {30715316}, issn = {1938-2936}, mesh = {Animals ; Diptera/*growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species ; }, }
@article {pmid31050090, year = {2019}, author = {Andersen, JC and Oboyski, P and Davies, N and Charlat, S and Ewing, C and Meyer, C and Krehenwinkel, H and Lim, JY and Suzuki, N and Ramage, T and Gillespie, RG and Roderick, GK}, title = {Categorization of species as native or non-native using DNA sequence signatures without a complete reference library.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e01914}, doi = {10.1002/eap.1914}, pmid = {31050090}, issn = {1051-0761}, abstract = {New genetic diagnostic approaches have greatly aided efforts to document global biodiversity and improve biosecurity. This is especially true for organismal groups in which species diversity has been underestimated historically due to difficulties associated with sampling, the lack of clear morphological characteristics, and/or limited availability of taxonomic expertise. Among these methods, DNA sequence barcoding (a.k.a. &quot;DNA barcoding&quot;) and by extension, meta-barcoding for biological communities, has emerged as one of the most frequently utilized methods for DNA-based species identifications. Unfortunately, the use of DNA barcoding is limited by the availability of complete reference libraries (i.e., a collection of DNA sequences from morphologically identified species), and by the fact that the vast majority of species do not have sequences present in reference databases. Such conditions are critical especially in tropical locations that are simultaneously biodiversity rich and suffer from a lack of exploration and DNA characterization by trained taxonomic specialists. To facilitate efforts to document biodiversity in regions lacking complete reference libraries, we developed a novel statistical approach that categorizes unidentified species as being either likely native or likely non-native based solely on measures of nucleotide diversity. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by categorizing a large sample of specimens of terrestrial insects and spiders (collected as part of the Moorea BioCode project http://www.mooreabiocode.org) using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM). Using a training dataset of known endemic (n = 45) and known introduced species (n = 102), we then estimated the likely native/non-native status for 4,663 specimens representing an estimated 1,288 species (412 identified species), including both those specimens that were either unidentified or whose endemic/introduced status was uncertain. Using this approach, we were able to increase the number of categorized specimens by a factor of 4.4 (from 794 to 3,497), and the number of categorized species by a factor of 4.8 from (147 to 707) at a rate much greater than chance (77.6% accuracy). The study identifies phylogenetic signatures of both native and non-native species and suggests several practical applications for this approach including monitoring biodiversity and facilitating biosecurity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31048040, year = {2019}, author = {Figueras, A and Moreira, R and Sendra, M and Novoa, B}, title = {Genomics and Immunity of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in a changing environment.}, journal = {Fish &amp; shellfish immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.064}, pmid = {31048040}, issn = {1095-9947}, abstract = {The Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) is a marine invasive species cultured all over the world. Mussels are an appreciated resource in local aquaculture enterprises because of their robust production and resilience that translates into a reliable economic value. So far, no massive mortalities have been reported in natural or cultured populations of this species. In the last years, the knowledge about its immune system has greatly improved but there are still many questions to be answered. One of them is why mussels, with their high filtering activity, are able to be exposed to a high number of potential pathogens without getting infected and without developing an elevated inflammatory response. The sequencing of the mussel genome has revealed a very complex organization with high heterozygosity, abundance of repetitive sequences and extreme intraspecific sequence diversity among individuals, mainly in immune related genes. Among those genes, antimicrobial peptides are the most expressed gene families in mussels, highly polymorphic and with antimicrobial effect against molluscs pathogens, but also against pathogens of lower vertebrates and humans. The combination of a complex genome with the adaptation of mussel immune system to a changing environment could explain this high variability, not only in immune-related genes, but also in the functional response among individuals sampled in the same location and date.}, }
@article {pmid31044057, year = {2019}, author = {Latimer, AM and Jacobs, BS and Gianoli, E and Heger, T and Salgado-Luarte, C}, title = {Parallel functional differentiation of an invasive annual plant on two continents.}, journal = {AoB PLANTS}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {plz010}, doi = {10.1093/aobpla/plz010}, pmid = {31044057}, issn = {2041-2851}, abstract = {Rapid local adaptation frequently occurs during the spread of invading species. It remains unclear, however, how consistent, and therefore potentially predictable, such patterns of local adaptation are. One approach to this question is to measure patterns of local differentiation in functional traits and plasticity levels in invasive species in multiple regions. Finding consistent patterns of local differentiation in replicate regions suggests that these patterns are adaptive. Further, this outcome indicates that the invading species likely responds predictably to selection along environmental gradients, even though standing genetic variation is likely to have been reduced during introduction. We studied local differentiation in the invasive annual plant Erodium cicutarium in two invaded regions, California and Chile. We collected seeds from across strong gradients in precipitation and temperature in Mediterranean-climate parts of the two regions (10 populations per region). We grew seeds from maternal families from these populations through two generations and exposed the second generation to contrasting levels of water and nutrient availability. We measured growth, flowering time and leaf functional traits across these treatments to obtain trait means and plasticity measures. We found strong differentiation among populations in all traits. Plants from drier environments flowered earlier, were less plastic in flowering time and reached greater size in all treatments. Correlations among traits within regions suggested a coordinated evolutionary response along environmental gradients associated with growing season length. There was little divergence in traits and trait intercorrelations between regions, but strongly parallel divergence in traits within regions. Similar, statistically consistent patterns of local trait differentiation across two regions suggest that local adaptation to environmental gradients has aided the spread of this invasive species, and that the formation of ecotypes in newly invaded environments has been relatively consistent and predictable.}, }
@article {pmid30900722, year = {2019}, author = {Kistner-Thomas, EJ}, title = {The Potential Global Distribution and Voltinism of the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Under Current and Future Climates.}, journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jisesa/iez023}, pmid = {30900722}, issn = {1536-2442}, mesh = {Animal Distribution/*physiology ; Animals ; *Climate Change ; Coleoptera/growth &amp; development/*physiology ; Introduced Species/*trends ; Life Cycle Stages/physiology ; }, abstract = {Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Newman), is a severe invasive insect pest of turf, landscapes, and horticultural crops. It has successfully colonized much of the United States and has recently established in mainland Europe. The distribution and voltinism of P. japonica will undoubtedly change as a consequence of climate change, posing additional challenges to the management of this species. To assess these challenges, a process-oriented bioclimatic niche model for P. japonica was developed to examine its potential global distribution under current (1981-2010) and projected climatic conditions (2040-2059) using one emission scenario (representative concentration pathway [RCP] 8.5) and two global climate models, ACCESS1-0 and CNRM-CM5. Under current climatic conditions, the bioclimatic niche model agreed well with all credible distribution data. Model projections indicate a strong possibility of further range expansion throughout mainland Europe under both current and future climates. In North America, projected increases in temperature would enable northward range expansion across Canada while simultaneously shifting southern range limits in the United States. In Europe, the suitable range for P. japonica would increase by 23% by midcentury, especially across portions of the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Scandinavia. Under the RCP 8.5 scenario, cumulative growing degree-days increased, thereby reducing the probability of biannual life cycles in northern latitudes where they can occur, including Hokkaido, Japan, northeastern portions of the United States, and southern Ontario, Canada. The results of this study highlight several regions of increasing and emerging risk from P. japonica that should be considered routinely in ongoing biosecurity and pest management surveys.}, }
@article {pmid31039720, year = {2019}, author = {Kovacevic, A and Latombe, G and Chown, SL}, title = {Rate dynamics of ectotherm responses to thermal stress.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1902}, pages = {20190174}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.0174}, pmid = {31039720}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {Critical thermal limits (CTLs) show much variation associated with the experimental rate of temperature change used in their estimation. Understanding the full range of variation in rate effects on CTLs and their underlying basis is thus essential if methodological noise is not to overwhelm or bias the ecological signal. We consider the effects of rate variation from multiple intraspecific assessments and provide a comprehensive empirical analysis of the rate effects on both the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and critical thermal minimum (CTmin) for 47 species of ectotherms, exploring which of the available theoretical models best explains this variation. We find substantial interspecific variation in rate effects, which takes four different forms (increase, decline, no change, mixed), with phylogenetic signal in effects on CTmax, but not CTmin. Exponential and zero exponential failure rate models best explain the rate effects on CTmax. The majority of the empirical rate variation in CTmin could not be explained by the failure rate models. Our work demonstrates that rate effects cannot be ignored in comparative analyses, and suggests that incorporation of the failure rate models into such analyses is a useful further avenue for exploration of the fundamental basis and implications of such variation.}, }
@article {pmid31039716, year = {2019}, author = {Dressler, MD and Conde, J and Eldakar, OT and Smith, RP}, title = {Timing between successive introduction events determines establishment success in bacteria with an Allee effect.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1902}, pages = {20190598}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.0598}, pmid = {31039716}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {Propagule pressure is a leading determinant of population establishment. Yet, an experimental understanding of how propagule size and number (two principal parts of propagule pressure) determine establishment success remains incomplete. Theoretical studies suggest that the timing between introduction events, a component of propagule number, can influence establishment success. However, this dynamic has rarely been explored experimentally. Using Escherichia coli engineered with an Allee effect, we investigated how the timing of two introduction events influences establishment. For populations introduced below the Allee threshold, establishment occurred if the time between two introduction events was sufficiently short, with the length of time between events further reduced by reducing growth rate. Interestingly, we observed that as the density of bacteria introduced in one introduction event increased, the time between introduction events that allowed for establishment increased. Using a mathematical model, we provide support that the mechanism behind these trends is the ability of the first population to modify the environment, which can pave the way for establishment of the second population. Our results provide experimental evidence that the temporal distribution of introduction events regulates establishment, furthering our understanding of propagule pressure and may have implications in invasion biology and infectious disease.}, }
@article {pmid30485341, year = {2018}, author = {Gill, NS and Yelenik, S and Banko, P and Dixon, CB and Jaenecke, K and Peck, R}, title = {Invasive rat control is an efficient, yet insufficient, method for recovery of the critically endangered Hawaiian plant hau kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus giffardianus).}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {13}, number = {11}, pages = {e0208106}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0208106}, pmid = {30485341}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {Animals ; *Endangered Species ; Fruit ; Germination ; Hawaii ; *Introduced Species ; *Malvaceae/growth &amp; development ; *Pest Control ; Population Density ; *Rats ; Seed Dispersal ; Seedlings ; }, abstract = {Biological invasions of rodents and other species have been especially problematic on tropical islands. Invasive Rattus rattus consumption of Hibiscadelphus giffardianus (Malvaceae; common Hawaiian name hau kuahiwi) fruit and seeds has been hypothesized to be the most-limiting factor inhibiting the critically endangered tree, but this has not been experimentally tested, and little is known about other factors affecting seed dispersal, germination, and seedling establishment. Thus, we do not know if rat removal is sufficient to increase hau kuahiwi recruitment. This study aims to evaluate the effect of rat population control on the ability of hau kuahiwi to retain fruit and establish seedlings. We compared hau kuahiwi fruiting and seedling recruitment in a stand treated to reduce rat abundance and a neighbouring control stand. Fruit retention increased following treatment but seedling establishment did not. Although rat control improves the ability of hau kuahiwi to retain fruit, other, presently unknown inhibitors to seed dispersal, germination, and/or seedling development remain. Seed and seedling predation by other species, competition from numerous invasive plant species, unsuitable climate, and/or other factors may be primary inhibitors in the absence of rats, but we emphasize that progressive isolation of these factors at individual hau kuahiwi life stages may be necessary to identify the remaining threats to the conservation of this critically endangered plant.}, }
@article {pmid30348792, year = {2018}, author = {Narango, DL and Tallamy, DW and Marra, PP}, title = {Nonnative plants reduce population growth of an insectivorous bird.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {115}, number = {45}, pages = {11549-11554}, pmid = {30348792}, issn = {1091-6490}, mesh = {Animals ; Arthropods/classification/*physiology ; Clutch Size ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; District of Columbia ; Ecosystem ; *Food Chain ; Genetic Fitness/physiology ; Insectivora/*physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Longevity ; Passeriformes/*physiology ; Plants ; Reproduction/*physiology ; }, abstract = {Human-dominated landscapes represent one of the most rapidly expanding and least-understood ecosystems on earth. Yet, we know little about which features in these landscapes promote sustainable wildlife populations. Historically, in urban areas, landowners have converted native plant communities into habitats dominated by nonnative species that are not susceptible to pest damage and require little maintenance. However, nonnative plants are also poor at supporting insects that are critical food resources for higher order consumers. Despite the logical connection, no study has examined the impact of nonnative plants on subsequent population responses of vertebrate consumers. Here, we demonstrate that residential yards dominated by nonnative plants have lower arthropod abundance, forcing resident Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) to switch diets to less preferred prey and produce fewer young, or forgo reproduction in nonnative sites altogether. This leads to lower reproductive success and unsustainable population growth in these yards compared with those with >70% native plant biomass. Our results reveal that properties landscaped with nonnative plants function as population sinks for insectivorous birds. To promote sustainable food webs, urban planners and private landowners should prioritize native plant species.}, }
@article {pmid29764663, year = {2018}, author = {Chantawannakul, P and Ramsey, S and vanEngelsdorp, D and Khongphinitbunjong, K and Phokasem, P}, title = {Tropilaelaps mite: an emerging threat to European honey bee.}, journal = {Current opinion in insect science}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {69-75}, doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2018.01.012}, pmid = {29764663}, issn = {2214-5753}, mesh = {Animals ; Beekeeping ; Bees/growth &amp; development/*parasitology ; Introduced Species ; Larva/parasitology ; *Mites ; Varroidae ; }, abstract = {The risk of transmission of honey bee parasites has increased substantially as a result of trade globalization and technical developments in transportation efficacy. Great concern over honey bee decline has accelerated research on newly emerging bee pests and parasites. These organisms are likely to emerge from Asia as it is the only region where all 10 honey bee species co-occur. Varroa destructor, an ectoparasitic mite, is a classic example of a pest that has shifted from A. cerana, a cavity nesting Asian honey bee to A. mellifera, the European honey bee. In this review, we will describe the potential risks to global apiculture of the global expansion of Tropilaelaps mercedesae, originally a parasite of the open-air nesting Asian giant honey bee, compared to the impact of V. destructor.}, }
@article {pmid29764662, year = {2018}, author = {Figueroa, CC and Fuentes-Contreras, E and Molina-Montenegro, MA and Ramírez, CC}, title = {Biological and genetic features of introduced aphid populations in agroecosystems.}, journal = {Current opinion in insect science}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {63-68}, doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2018.01.004}, pmid = {29764662}, issn = {2214-5753}, mesh = {Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Animals ; Aphids/*genetics/physiology ; Crops, Agricultural ; Genetic Variation ; Introduced Species ; *Parthenogenesis ; }, abstract = {In agroecosystems, introduced aphids that reproduce by obligate parthenogenesis (OP) show strong biased representation of a few genotypes (superclones), whereas species with cyclical parthenogenesis (CP) exhibit the opposite trend with many unique genotypes. We analyzed the biological and genetic features of 23 different aphid species introduced in different geographic areas and climates, finding putative superclones in about 60% of them. We have examined the proximal causes for aphid establishment and spread after their introduction, and found that OP, host availability, and phenotypic plasticity are among the main variables underpinning the ability of aphids to succeed in new geographic areas, which may explain the high potential for invasion in this group of pest insects.}, }
@article {pmid31038741, year = {2019}, author = {Decru, E and Vranken, N and Bragança, PHN and Snoeks, J and Steenberge, MV}, title = {Where ichthyofaunal provinces meet: the fish fauna of the Lake Edward system, East Africa.}, journal = {Journal of fish biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jfb.13992}, pmid = {31038741}, issn = {1095-8649}, abstract = {Based on literature, museum collections and three recent expeditions, an annotated species list of the Lake Edward, East Africa, drainage system is presented, excluding the endemic haplochromines. A total of 34 non-Haplochromis species belonging to 10 families and 21 genera are recorded from the system. Three of these are endemic and two others have been introduced in the region. Six species are new records for the Lake Edward system. A species accumulation curve indicates that we probably covered most of the non-Haplochromis species in the area sampled during the recent expeditions, but undetected species might still be present in the Congolese part of the system, which is poorly sampled. A comparison of the species list with those of neighbouring basins confirmed the placement of the Lake Edward system within the east-coast ichthyofaunal province. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31038738, year = {2019}, author = {Millane, M and Walsh, L and Roche, WK and Gargan, PG}, title = {Unprecedented widespread occurrence of Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha in Ireland in 2017.}, journal = {Journal of fish biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jfb.13994}, pmid = {31038738}, issn = {1095-8649}, abstract = {The occurrence of non-native pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha in multiple river systems in Ireland in 2017 was unprecedented and reflected similar concurrent events observed in other countries in the North Atlantic region. Thirty-six fish were captured in a total of 11 river systems located in the south-west, west and north-west of Ireland in the period June to September 2017. The biological characteristics of sampled specimens are described and the potential for establishment in Ireland are considered. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31038174, year = {2019}, author = {Quinn, NF and Talamas, EJ and Leskey, TC and Bergh, JC}, title = {Sampling Methods for Adventive Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in a Wild Tree Host of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toz107}, pmid = {31038174}, issn = {1938-291X}, abstract = {Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive pest that has established in much of the United States. Adventive populations of an effective Asian egg parasitoid of H. halys, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), have been detected in several states, including Virginia, and its geographic range is expanding. Documenting changes in its distribution and abundance have thus become key research priorities. For these specific purposes, surveillance of T. japonicus over large geographic areas using sentinel H. halys egg masses may not be optimally efficient, and examination of alternative sampling tactics is warranted. In 2016, sentinel H. halys egg masses were deployed as vertical transects in the canopy of female Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) in Virginia. A brief follow-up study in 2016 using yellow sticky traps deployed in the same trees yielded captures of T. japonicus, leading to a comparison of vertical transects of sentinel eggs and yellow sticky traps in 2017. Both methods yielded T. japonicus detections only in the middle and upper tree canopies, whereas other known H. halys parasitoids were detected in the lower, middle, or upper canopies. Based on this information, a method for deploying yellow sticky traps in the middle canopy of H. halys host trees was assessed in 2017, yielding T. japonicus captures. A comparison of estimated time inputs revealed that traps were more efficient than sentinel eggs in this regard. Results are discussed in relation to the utility of each sampling method to address specific questions about the range expansion and ecology of T. japonicus.}, }
@article {pmid31036667, year = {2019}, author = {Bradley, BA and Laginhas, BB and Whitlock, R and Allen, JM and Bates, AE and Bernatchez, G and Diez, JM and Early, R and Lenoir, J and Vilà, M and Sorte, CJB}, title = {Disentangling the abundance-impact relationship for invasive species.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1818081116}, pmid = {31036667}, issn = {1091-6490}, abstract = {To predict the threat of biological invasions to native species, it is critical that we understand how increasing abundance of invasive alien species (IAS) affects native populations and communities. The form of this relationship across taxa and ecosystems is unknown, but is expected to depend strongly on the trophic position of the IAS relative to the native species. Using a global metaanalysis based on 1,258 empirical studies presented in 201 scientific publications, we assessed the shape, direction, and strength of native responses to increasing invader abundance. We also tested how native responses varied with relative trophic position and for responses at the population vs. community levels. As IAS abundance increased, native populations declined nonlinearly by 20%, on average, and community metrics declined linearly by 25%. When at higher trophic levels, invaders tended to cause a strong, nonlinear decline in native populations and communities, with the greatest impacts occurring at low invader abundance. In contrast, invaders at the same trophic level tended to cause a linear decline in native populations and communities, while invaders at lower trophic levels had no consistent impacts. At the community level, increasing invader abundance had significantly larger effects on species evenness and diversity than on species richness. Our results show that native responses to invasion depend critically on invasive species' abundance and trophic position. Further, these general abundance-impact relationships reveal how IAS impacts are likely to develop during the invasion process and when to best manage them.}, }
@article {pmid30239951, year = {2019}, author = {Zhu, Y and Fu, S and Liu, H and Wang, Z and Chen, HYH}, title = {Heat stress tolerance determines the survival and growth of introduced Canadian sugar maple in subtropical China.}, journal = {Tree physiology}, volume = {39}, number = {3}, pages = {417-426}, doi = {10.1093/treephys/tpy098}, pmid = {30239951}, issn = {1758-4469}, mesh = {Acer/growth &amp; development/*physiology ; Canada ; China ; Climate Change ; Hot Temperature/*adverse effects ; Introduced Species ; Longevity ; *Photosynthesis ; Seasons ; Stress, Physiological ; *Thermotolerance ; }, abstract = {The introduction of species contributes to both ecological restoration and regional economics, while serving as a potential strategy to conserve species under rapid climate change. Despite an anticipated significant increase in temperature at high latitudes by the end of the 21st century, very few experimental migration trials have been conducted regarding large climate range changes. We employed a provenance trial by introducing a temperate sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) of three provenances with a mean annual temperature of 3.0 °C in Manitoba, 4.2 °C in Quebec and 9.4 °C in Ontario, Canada, to 15.8 °C at an introduced site in subtropical China. We measured survival, growth, summer photosynthesis in the field and stress-resistance responses under a temperature gradient in growth chambers with first-year seedlings. We found that the Ontario provenance had the highest propensity for survival and growth, followed by the Quebec provenance, while the Manitoba provenance had the lowest. The photosynthetic parameters of the seedlings changed over time of the day, with the Ontario provenance having a higher photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance than the Quebec and Manitoba provenances. Furthermore, the growth chamber results revealed that the Ontario provenance had the best physiological adjustment for self-protection from heat stress, followed by the Quebec and Manitoba provenances. Our results suggested that the change in climate range drove the survival and growth of introduced seedlings and that the tolerance to summer heat stress through physiological mechanisms was responsible for the success of species introduction, from a cold to a warm climate.}, }
@article {pmid30184191, year = {2019}, author = {Bueno, A and Greenfield, L and Pritsch, K and Schmidt, S and Simon, J}, title = {Responses to competition for nitrogen between subtropical native tree seedlings and exotic grasses are species-specific and mediated by soil N availability.}, journal = {Tree physiology}, volume = {39}, number = {3}, pages = {404-416}, doi = {10.1093/treephys/tpy096}, pmid = {30184191}, issn = {1758-4469}, mesh = {Acacia/metabolism ; Coniferophyta/metabolism ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Cynodon/metabolism ; *Introduced Species ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Pennisetum/metabolism ; Poaceae/*metabolism ; Queensland ; Seedlings/metabolism ; Soil/*chemistry ; Species Specificity ; Trees/*metabolism ; }, abstract = {Competitive interactions between native tree seedlings and exotic grasses frequently hinder forest restoration. We investigated the consequences of competition with exotic grasses on the growth and net nitrogen (N) uptake capacity of native rainforest seedlings used for reforestation depending on soil N availability and N source. Tree seedlings and grasses were grown in the greenhouse in different competition regimes (one tree species vs one grass species) and controls (grass monocultures or single tree seedlings) at low and high soil N. After 8 weeks, we quantified net N uptake capacity using 15N-labelled organic (i.e., glutamine and arginine) and inorganic (i.e., ammonium and nitrate) N sources and biomass indices. Depending on soil N availability, we observed different species-specific responses to growth and N acquisition. Tree seedlings generally increased their net N uptake capacity in response to competition with grasses, although overall seedling growth was unaffected. In contrast, the responses to competition by the grasses were species-specific and varied with soil N availability. The different N acquisition strategies suggest the avoidance of competition for N between trees and grasses. Overall, the results highlight that quantifying underlying mechanisms of N acquisition complements the information on biomass allocation as a measure of responses to competition, particularly with varying environmental conditions.}, }
@article {pmid31034589, year = {2019}, author = {Roy-Dufresne, E and Lurgi, M and Brown, SC and Wells, K and Cooke, B and Mutze, G and Peacock, D and Cassey, P and Berman, D and Brook, BW and Campbell, S and Cox, T and Daly, J and Dunk, I and Elsworth, P and Fletcher, D and Forsyth, DM and Hocking, G and Kovaliski, J and Leane, M and Low, B and Kennedy, M and Matthews, J and McPhee, S and Mellin, C and Mooney, T and Moseby, K and Read, J and Richardson, BJ and Schneider, K and Schwarz, E and Sinclair, R and Strive, T and Triulcio, F and West, P and Saltré, F and Fordham, DA}, title = {The Australian National Rabbit Database: 50 years of population monitoring of an invasive species.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e02750}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2750}, pmid = {31034589}, issn = {1939-9170}, abstract = {With ongoing introductions into Australia since the 1700s, the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has become one of the most widely distributed and abundant vertebrate pests, adversely impacting Australia's biodiversity and agro-economy. To better understand the population and range dynamics of the species and its impacts, occurrence and abundance data have been collected by researchers and citizens from sites covering a broad spectrum of climatic and environmental conditions in Australia. The lack of a common and accessible repository for these data has, however, limited their use in determining important spatiotemporal drivers of the structure and dynamics of the geographical range of rabbits in Australia. To meet this need, we created the Australian National Rabbit Database which combines more than 50 years of historical and contemporary survey data collected from throughout the range of the species in Australia. The survey data, obtained from a suite of complementary monitoring methods, were combined with high-resolution weather, climate and environmental information, and an assessment of data quality. The database provides records of rabbit occurrence (689,265 records) and abundance (51,241 records, > 120 distinct sites) suitable for identifying the spatiotemporal drivers of the rabbit's distribution and for determining spatial patterns of variation in its key life history traits, including maximum rates of population growth. Since all data are georeferenced and date stamped, they can be coupled with information from other databases and spatial layers to explore the potential effects of rabbit occurrence and abundance on Australia's native wildlife and agricultural production. The Australian National Rabbit Database is an important tool for understanding and managing the European rabbit in its invasive range and its effects on native biodiversity and agricultural production. It also provides a valuable resource for addressing questions related to the biology, success, and impacts of invasive species more generally. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set other than citation of this Data Paper. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31032397, year = {2019}, author = {Eisenhauer, N and Ferlian, O and Craven, D and Hines, J and Jochum, M}, title = {Ecosystem responses to exotic earthworm invasion in northern North American forests.}, journal = {Research ideas and outcomes}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3897/rio.5.e34564}, pmid = {31032397}, issn = {2367-7163}, abstract = {Earth is experiencing a substantial loss of biodiversity at the global scale, while both species gains and losses are occurring at local and regional scales. The influence of these nonrandom changes in species distributions could profoundly affect the functioning of ecosystems and the essential services that they provide. However, few experimental tests have been conducted examining the influence of species invasions on ecosystem functioning. Even fewer have been conducted using invasive ecosystem engineers, which can have disproportionately strong influence on native ecosystems relative to their own biomass. The invasion of exotic earthworms is a prime example of an ecosystem engineer that is influencing many ecosystems around the world. In particular, European earthworm invasions of northern North American forests cause simultaneous species gains and losses with significant consequences for essential ecosystem processes like nutrient cycling and crucial services to humanity like soil erosion control and carbon sequestration. Exotic earthworms are expected to select for specific traits in communities of soil microorganisms (fast-growing bacteria species), soil fauna (promoting the bacterial energy channel), and plants (graminoids) through direct and indirect effects. This will accelerate some ecosystem processes and decelerate others, fundamentally altering how invaded forests function. This project aims to investigate ecosystem responses of northern North American forests to earthworm invasion. Using a novel, synthetic combination of field observations, field experiments, lab experiments, and meta-analyses, the proposed work will be the first systematic examination of earthworm effects on (1) plant communities and (2) soil food webs and processes. Further, (3) effects of a changing climate (warming and reduced summer precipitation) on earthworm performance will be investigated in a unique field experiment designed to predict the future spread and consequences of earthworm invasion in North America. By assessing the soil chemical and physical properties as well as the taxonomic (e.g., by the latest next-generation sequencing techniques) and functional composition of plant, soil microbial and animal communities and the processes they drive in four forests, work packages I-III take complementary approaches to derive a comprehensive and generalizable picture of how ecosystems change in response to earthworm invasion. Finally, in work package IV meta-analyses will be used to integrate the information from work packages I-III and existing literature to investigate if earthworms cause invasion waves, invasion meltdowns, habitat homogenization, and ecosystem state shifts. Global data will be synthesized to test if the relative magnitude of effects differs from place to place depending on the functional dissimilarity between native soil fauna and exotic earthworms. Moving from local to global scale, the present proposal examines the influence of earthworm invasions on biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships from an aboveground-belowground perspective in natural settings. This approach is highly innovative as it utilizes the invasion by exotic earthworms as an exciting model system that links invasion biology with trait-based community ecology, global change research, and ecosystem ecology, pioneering a new generation of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research.}, }
@article {pmid31032015, year = {2019}, author = {Ogden, NH and Wilson, JRU and Richardson, DM and Hui, C and Davies, SJ and Kumschick, S and Le Roux, JJ and Measey, J and Saul, WC and Pulliam, JRC}, title = {Emerging infectious diseases and biological invasions: a call for a One Health collaboration in science and management.}, journal = {Royal Society open science}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, pages = {181577}, doi = {10.1098/rsos.181577}, pmid = {31032015}, issn = {2054-5703}, abstract = {The study and management of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) and of biological invasions both address the ecology of human-associated biological phenomena in a rapidly changing world. However, the two fields work mostly in parallel rather than in concert. This review explores how the general phenomenon of an organism rapidly increasing in range or abundance is caused, highlights the similarities and differences between research on EIDs and invasions, and discusses shared management insights and approaches. EIDs can arise by: (i) crossing geographical barriers due to human-mediated dispersal, (ii) crossing compatibility barriers due to evolution, and (iii) lifting of environmental barriers due to environmental change. All these processes can be implicated in biological invasions, but only the first defines them. Research on EIDs is embedded within the One Health concept-the notion that human, animal and ecosystem health are interrelated and that holistic approaches encompassing all three components are needed to respond to threats to human well-being. We argue that for sustainable development, biological invasions should be explicitly considered within One Health. Management goals for the fields are the same, and direct collaborations between invasion scientists, disease ecologists and epidemiologists on modelling, risk assessment, monitoring and management would be mutually beneficial.}, }
@article {pmid31031947, year = {2019}, author = {Xu, C and Ge, Y and Wang, J}, title = {Molecular basis underlying the successful invasion of hexaploid cytotypes of Solidago canadensis L.: Insights from integrated gene and miRNA expression profiling.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {8}, pages = {4820-4852}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5084}, pmid = {31031947}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Dissecting complex connections between cytogenetic traits (ploidy levels) and plant invasiveness has emerged as a popular research subject in the field of invasion biology. Although recent work suggests that polyploids are more likely to be invasive than their corresponding diploids, the molecular basis underlying the successful invasion of polyploids remains largely unexplored. To this end, we adopted an RNA-seq and sRNA-seq approach to describe how polyploids mediate invasiveness differences in two contrasting cytotypes of Solidago canadensis L., a widespread wild hexaploid invader with localized cultivated diploid populations. Our analysis of the leaf transcriptome revealed 116,801 unigenes, of which 12,897 unigenes displayed significant differences in expression levels. A substantial number of these differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs) were significantly associated with the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and environmental adaptation pathways. Gene Ontology term enrichment-based categorization of DEU-functions was consistent with this observation, as terms related to single-organism, cellular, and metabolic processes including catalytic, binding, transporter, and enzyme regulator activity were over-represented. Concomitantly, 186 miRNAs belonging to 44 miRNA families were identified in the same leaf tissues, with 59 miRNAs being differentially expressed. Furthermore, we discovered 83 miRNA-target interacting pairs that were oppositely regulated, and a meticulous study of these targets depicted that several unigenes encoding transcription factors, DNA methyltransferase, and leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases involved in the stress response were greatly influenced. Collectively, these transcriptional and epigenetic data provide new insights into miRNA-mediated gene expression regulatory mechanisms that may operate in hexaploid cytotypes to favor successful invasion.}, }
@article {pmid30187690, year = {2018}, author = {Toussaint, A and Charpin, N and Beauchard, O and Grenouillet, G and Oberdorff, T and Tedesco, PA and Brosse, S and Villéger, S}, title = {Non-native species led to marked shifts in functional diversity of the world freshwater fish faunas.}, journal = {Ecology letters}, volume = {21}, number = {11}, pages = {1649-1659}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13141}, pmid = {30187690}, issn = {1461-0248}, mesh = {Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; Fresh Water ; *Introduced Species ; Rivers ; }, abstract = {Global spread of non-native species profoundly changed the world biodiversity patterns, but how it translates into functional changes remains unanswered at the world scale. We here show that while in two centuries the number of fish species per river increased on average by 15% in 1569 basins worldwide, the diversity of their functional attributes (i.e. functional richness) increased on average by 150%. The inflation of functional richness was paired with changes in the functional structure of assemblages, with shifts of species position toward the border of the functional space of assemblages (i.e. increased functional divergence). Non-native species moreover caused shifts in functional identity toward higher body sized and less elongated species for most of assemblages throughout the world. Although varying between rivers and biogeographic realms, such changes in the different facets of functional diversity might still increase in the future through increasing species invasion and may further modify ecosystem functioning.}, }
@article {pmid31030142, year = {2019}, author = {Shiferaw, H and Bewket, W and Alamirew, T and Zeleke, G and Teketay, D and Bekele, K and Schaffner, U and Eckert, S}, title = {Implications of land use/land cover dynamics and Prosopis invasion on ecosystem service values in Afar Region, Ethiopia.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {675}, number = {}, pages = {354-366}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.220}, pmid = {31030142}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Land use/land cover (LULC) dynamics and the resulting changes in ecosystems, as well as the services they provide, are a consequence of human activities and environmental drivers, such as invasive alien plant species. This study assessed the changes in LULC and ecosystem service values (ESVs) in the Afar National Regional State, Ethiopia, which experiences a rapid invasion by the alien tree Prosopis juliflora (Swartz DC). Landsat satellite data of 1986, 2000 and 2017 were used in Random Forest algorithm to assess LULC changes in the last 31 years, to calculate net changes for different LULC types and the associated changes in ESVs. Kappa accuracies of 88% and higher were obtained for the three LULC classifications. Post-classification change analyses for the period between 1986 and 2017 revealed a positive net change for Prosopis invaded areas, cropland, salt flats, settlements and waterbodies. The rate of Prosopis invasion was estimated at 31,127 ha per year. Negative net changes were found for grassland, bareland, bush-shrub-woodland, and natural forests. According to the local community representatives, the four most important drivers of LULC dynamics were climate change, frequent droughts, invasive species and weak traditional law. Based on two different ESVs estimations, the ecosystem changes caused by LULC changes resulted in an average loss of ESVs in the study area of about US$ 602 million (range US$ 112 to 1091 million) over the last 31 years. With an increase in area by 965,000 ha, Prosopis-invaded land was the highest net change during the study period, followed by grassland (-599,000 ha), bareland (-329,000 ha) and bush-shrub-woodland (-327,000 ha). Our study provides evidence that LULC changes in the Afar Region have led to a significant loss in ESVs, with serious consequences for the livelihoods of the rural people.}, }
@article {pmid31027196, year = {2019}, author = {Javal, M and Terblanche, JS and Conlong, DE and Malan, AP}, title = {First Screening of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Fungus as Biocontrol Agents against an Emerging Pest of Sugarcane, Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects10040117}, pmid = {31027196}, issn = {2075-4450}, support = {///Centre for Invasion Biology/ ; }, abstract = {Cacosceles newmannii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an emerging pest of sugarcane in South Africa. The larvae of this cerambycid beetle live within the sugarcane stalk and drill galleries that considerably reduce sugar production. To provide an alternative to chemical control, entomopathogenic nematodes and fungus were investigated as potential biological control agents to be used in an integrated pest management system. The nematodes Steinernema yirgalemense, S. jeffreyense, Heterorhabditis indica, and different concentrations of the fungus Metarhiziumpinghaense were screened for efficacy (i.e., mortality rate) against larvae of C. newmannii. The different biocontrol agents used, revealed a low level of pathogenicity to C. newmannii larvae, when compared to control treatments.}, }
@article {pmid31025434, year = {2019}, author = {Winkler, DE and Belnap, J and Hoover, D and Reed, SC and Duniway, MC}, title = {Shrub persistence and increased grass mortality in response to drought in dryland systems.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.14667}, pmid = {31025434}, issn = {1365-2486}, abstract = {Droughts in the Southwest U.S. have led to major forest and grassland die-off events in recent decades, suggesting plant community and ecosystem shifts are imminent as native perennial grass populations are replaced by shrub- and invasive plant-dominated systems. These patterns are similar to those observed in arid and semiarid systems around the globe, but our ability to predict which species will experience increased drought-induced mortality in response to climate change remains limited. We investigated meteorological drought-induced mortality of nine dominant plant species in the Colorado Plateau Desert by experimentally imposing a year-round 35% precipitation reduction for eight continuous years. We distributed experimental plots across numerous plant, soil, and parent material types, resulting in 40 distinct sites across a 4500 km2 region of the Colorado Plateau Desert. For all eight years we tracked ca. 400 individual plants and evaluated mortality responses to treatments within and across species, and through time. We also examined the influence of abiotic and biotic site factors in driving mortality responses. Overall, high mortality trends were driven by dominant grass species, including Achnatherum hymenoides, Pleuraphis jamesii, and Sporobolus cryptandrus. Responses varied widely from year to year and dominant shrub species were generally resistant to meteorological drought, likely due to their ability to access deeper soil water. Importantly, mortality increased in the presence of invasive species regardless of treatment, and native plant die-off occurred even under ambient conditions, suggesting that recent climate changes are already negatively impacting dominant species in these systems. Results from this long-term drought experiment suggest major shifts in community composition and, as a result, ecosystem function. Patterns also show that, across multiple soil and plant community types, native perennial grass species may be replaced by shrubs and invasive annuals in the Colorado Plateau Desert. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31024496, year = {2019}, author = {Morrissey, KL and Çavaş, L and Willems, A and De Clerck, O}, title = {Disentangling the Influence of Environment, Host Specificity and Thallus Differentiation on Bacterial Communities in Siphonous Green Seaweeds.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {717}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2019.00717}, pmid = {31024496}, issn = {1664-302X}, abstract = {Siphonous green seaweeds, such as Caulerpa, are among the most morphologically complex algae with differentiated algal structures (morphological niches). Caulerpa is also host to a rich diversity of bacterial endo- and epibionts. The degree to which these bacterial communities are species-, or even niche-specific remains largely unknown. To address this, we investigated the diversity of bacteria associated to different morphological niches of both native and invasive species of Caulerpa from different geographic locations along the Turkish coastline of the Aegean sea. Associated bacteria were identified using the 16S rDNA marker gene for three morphological niches, such as the endobiome, epibiome, and rhizobiome. Bacterial community structure was explored and deterministic factors behind bacterial variation were investigated. Of the total variation, only 21.5% could be explained. Pronounced differences in bacterial community composition were observed and variation was partly explained by a combination of host species, biogeography and nutrient levels. The majority of the explained bacterial variation within the algal holobiont was attributed to the micro-environments established by distinct morphological niches. This study further supports the hypothesis that the bacterial assembly is largely stochastic in nature and bacterial community structure is most likely linked to functional genes rather than taxonomy.}, }
@article {pmid31021184, year = {2018}, author = {Novak, BJ and Maloney, T and Phelan, R}, title = {Advancing a New Toolkit for Conservation: From Science to Policy.}, journal = {The CRISPR journal}, volume = {1}, number = {}, pages = {11-15}, doi = {10.1089/crispr.2017.0019}, pmid = {31021184}, issn = {2573-1602}, abstract = {Climate change and non-native wildlife diseases are exacerbating persistent challenges to biodiversity such as habitat destruction, invasive species and over-harvesting. With these increasing threats there is a pressing need to expand the conservationists' toolbox. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing (GE) offers a precise and potentially transformative tool to confront these challenges. Researchers, regulators, conservationists and the public are all needed to engage proactively in the thoughtful and responsible development and application of these new tools.}, }
@article {pmid31019910, year = {2018}, author = {Darling, JA and Carlton, JT}, title = {A Framework for Understanding Marine Cosmopolitanism in the Anthropocene.}, journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {293}, doi = {10.3389/fmars.2018.00293}, pmid = {31019910}, issn = {2296-7745}, abstract = {Recent years have witnessed growing appreciation for the ways in which human-mediated species introductions have reshaped marine biogeography. Despite this we have yet to grapple fully with the scale and impact of anthropogenic dispersal in both creating and determining contemporary distributions of marine taxa. In particular, the past several decades of research on marine biological invasions have revealed that broad geographic distributions of coastal marine organisms-historically referred to simply as &quot;cosmopolitanism&quot;-may belie complex interplay of both natural and anthropogenic processes. Here we describe a framework for understanding contemporary cosmopolitanism, informed by a synthesis of the marine bioinvasion literature. Our framework defines several novel categories in an attempt to provide a unified terminology for discussing cosmopolitan distributions in the world's oceans. We reserve the term eucosmopolitan to refer to those species for which data exist to support a true, natural, and prehistorically global (or extremely broad) distribution. While in the past this has been the default assumption for species observed to exhibit contemporary cosmopolitan distributions, we argue that given recent advances in marine invasion science this assignment should require positive evidence. In contrast, neocosmopolitan describes those species that have demonstrably achieved extensive geographic ranges only through historical anthropogenic dispersal, often facilitated over centuries of human maritime traffic. We discuss the history and human geography underpinning these neocosmopolitan distributions, and illustrate the extent to which these factors may have altered natural biogeographic patterns. We define the category pseudocosmopolitan to encompass taxa for which a broad distribution is determined (typically after molecular investigation) to reflect multiple, sometimes regionally endemic, lineages with uncertain taxonomic status; such species may remain cosmopolitan only so long as taxonomic uncertainty persists, after which they may splinter into multiple geographically restricted species. We discuss the methods employed to identify such species and to resolve both their taxonomic status and their biogeographic histories. We argue that recognizing these different types of cosmopolitanism, and the important role that invasion science has played in understanding them, is critically important for the future study of both historical and modern marine biogeography, ecology, and biodiversity.}, }
@article {pmid31018410, year = {2015}, author = {Al-Sabi, MNS and Chriél, M and Hansen, MS and Enemark, HL}, title = {Baylisascaris procyonis in wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Denmark.}, journal = {Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports}, volume = {1-2}, number = {}, pages = {55-58}, doi = {10.1016/j.vprsr.2016.03.001}, pmid = {31018410}, issn = {2405-9390}, abstract = {The nematode Baylisascaris procyonis, which may cause severe clinical disease in humans and animals, is emerging in Europe after its introduction with raccoons (Procyon lotor) from North America. B. procyonis has a broad spectrum of paratenic hosts, including rodents, birds, wild carnivores and primates, which are severely affected by the migrating larval stages of the parasite. We report here the recovery of B. procyonis from two out of 18 examined wild raccoons in Denmark. The parasites were identified based on morphology and their identity was confirmed by partial sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. Follow-up telephone interviews of staffs in nine zoos housing captive raccoons and veterinarians supervising these zoos showed that knowledge of B. procyonis and its zoonotic potential were sparse. Eggs of B. procyonis were detected in two raccoons kept in one of three zoos that submitted fecal samples following the telephone interviews. Continuous monitoring and increased awareness are needed to reduce further spread of the parasite and to limit the public health risks associated with baylisascariasis.}, }
@article {pmid31022514, year = {2019}, author = {Zahiri, R and Christian Schmidt, B and Schintlmeister, A and Yakovlev, RV and Rindoš, M}, title = {Global phylogeography reveals the origin and the evolutionary history of the Gypsy moth (Lepidoptera, Erebidae).}, journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.021}, pmid = {31022514}, issn = {1095-9513}, abstract = {We examined the global phylogeography of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) using molecular data based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Populations from all biogeographic regions of the native and introduced range of L. dispar, were sampled to fully document intraspecific and subspecies variation, identify potential cryptic species, and to clarify the relationships among major phylogeographic lineages. We recovered three major mtDNA lineages of L. dispar: Transcaucasia; East Asia+Japan; and Europe+Central Asia. The circumscription of these lineages is only partially consistent with the current taxonomic concept (i.e., L. dispar dispar; L. dispar asiatica; L. dispar japonica), with the following important discrepancies: 1) north-central Asian populations, including topotypical populations of L. dispar asiatica, may be more closely related to European rather than Asian segregates, which would require the synonymization of the taxon asiatica and establishment of a new name; 2) the Japanese populations (L. d. japonica) are not distinct from east Asian populations; 3) the presence of a distinct, unnamed mitogenomic lineage endemic to the Trancaucasus region. We demonstrated that the population from Transcaucasia contains the highest mitochondrial haplotype diversity among L. dispar, potentially indicative of an ancestral area for the entire dispar-group. Our study corroborates the endemic Hokkaido, Japan taxon Lymantria umbrosa (Butler) as the sister group to all other L. dispar populations, but the applicability of the names umbrosa versus hokkaidoensis Goldschmidt needs to be re-evaluated. The ancestral area analysis suggest that Japan was likely colonized via Sakhalin ∼1 Mya, in contrast to previous studies which have suggested colonization of the Japanese archipelago via the Korean Peninsula. Lastly, mitogenomic variation within L. dispar is incongruent with phylogenies based on nuclear DNA, as nDNA gene phylogenies did not recover the three major mtDNA lineages, and also failed to recover L. dispar and L. umbrosa as reciprocally monophyletic.}, }
@article {pmid31018019, year = {2019}, author = {Zhao, Z and Hui, C and Plant, RE and Su, M and Carpenter, T and Papadopoulos, N and Li, Z and Carey, JR}, title = {Life table invasion models: spatial progression and species-specific partitioning.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e02682}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2682}, pmid = {31018019}, issn = {1939-9170}, support = {2017YFD0200400//National Key R &amp; D Program of China/ ; 31770453//National Science Foundation of China/ ; 31770470//National Science Foundation of China/ ; 2017BY080//Key R&amp;D Projects of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region/ ; }, abstract = {Biological invasions are increasingly being considered important spatial processes that drive global changes, threatening biodiversity, regional economies, and ecosystem functions. A unifying conceptual model of the invasion dynamics could serve as a useful tool for comparison and classification of invasion processes involving different species across large geographic ranges. By dividing these geographic ranges that are subject to invasions into discrete spatial units, we here conceptualize the invasion process as the transition from pristine to invaded spatial units. We use California cities as the spatial units and a long-term database of invasive tropical tephritids to characterize the invasion patterns. A new life-table method based on insect demography, including the progression model of invasion stage transition and the species-specific partitioning model of multispecies invasions, was developed to analyze the invasion patterns. The progression model allows us to estimate the probability and rate of transition for individual cities from pristine to infested stages and subsequently differentiate the first year of detection from detection recurrences. Importantly, we show that the interval of invasive tephritid recurrence in a city declines with increasing invasion stages of the city. The species-specific partitioning model revealed profound differences in invasion outcome depending on which tephritid species was first detected (and then locally eradicated) in the early stage of invasion. Taken together, we discuss how these two life-table invasion models can cast new light on existing invasion concepts; in particular, on formulating invasion dynamics as the state transition of cities and partitioning species-specific roles during multispecies invasions. These models provide a new set of tools for predicting the spatiotemporal progression of invasion and providing early warnings of recurrent invasions for efficient management.}, }
@article {pmid31016829, year = {2019}, author = {McCarthy, AH and Peck, LS and Hughes, KA and Aldridge, DC}, title = {Antarctica: The final frontier for marine biological invasions.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.14600}, pmid = {31016829}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {//The General Sir John Monash Foundation/ ; //Zoology Department, University of Cambridge/ ; //University of Melbourne/ ; //British Antarctic Survey/ ; }, abstract = {Antarctica is experiencing significant ecological and environmental change, which may facilitate the establishment of non-native marine species. Non-native marine species will interact with other anthropogenic stressors affecting Antarctic ecosystems, such as climate change (warming, ocean acidification) and pollution, with irreversible ramifications for biodiversity and ecosystem services. We review current knowledge of non-native marine species in the Antarctic region, the physical and physiological factors that resist establishment of non-native marine species, changes to resistance under climate change, the role of legislation in limiting marine introductions, and the effect of increasing human activity on vectors and pathways of introduction. Evidence of non-native marine species is limited: just four marine non-native and one cryptogenic species that were likely introduced anthropogenically have been reported freely living in Antarctic or sub-Antarctic waters, but no established populations have been reported; an additional six species have been observed in pathways to Antarctica that are potentially at risk of becoming invasive. We present estimates of the intensity of ship activity across fishing, tourism and research sectors: there may be approximately 180 vessels and 500+ voyages in Antarctic waters annually. However, these estimates are necessarily speculative because relevant data are scarce. To facilitate well-informed policy and management, we make recommendations for future research into the likelihood of marine biological invasions in the Antarctic region.}, }
@article {pmid31015988, year = {2019}, author = {Derbridge, JJ and Koprowski, JL}, title = {Experimental removals reveal dietary niche partitioning facilitates coexistence between native and introduced species.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {7}, pages = {4065-4077}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5036}, pmid = {31015988}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Niche overlap between native species and ecologically similar invaders can lead to competitive exclusion of threatened native species, but if two such species also co-occur naturally elsewhere, interactions between native and introduced populations may mirror coevolved niche partitioning that reduces competition and promotes coexistence.A single, insular population of Fremont's squirrel (Tamiasciurus fremonti) the Mount Graham red squirrel (MGRS; T. f. grahamensis) in the Pinaleño Mountains, Arizona, USA, is critically endangered and resource competition with introduced Abert's squirrels (Sciurus aberti) may threaten its long-term persistence. The species are naturally synoptic in other mountain sites, and both consume diets comprised primarily of conifer seeds and fungi.We conducted experimental removals of introduced Abert's squirrels and used stable isotope analysis of diets before and after removals, and of diets in naturally syntopic populations to test the hypothesis that dietary niche partitioning can facilitate coexistence between native and introduced species. We also developed a novel approach to determine the influence of fluctuating food availability on carbon enrichment in consumers.Mount Graham red squirrels and introduced Abert's squirrels partitioned the dietary niche similarly to naturally syntopic populations. Removals had no apparent effect. Diet of MGRS was more closely linked to availability of resources than to presence of Abert's squirrels.Flexible dietary niche of introduced Abert's squirrels may have allowed them to exploit a resource opportunity in syntopy with MGRS. Variable food production of MGRS habitat may intensify competition in poor years, and territorial defense against non-native Abert's squirrels likely imposes fitness costs on individual MGRS. Similarity in our model species' diets may make MGRS more vulnerable to competition if climate change eliminates the advantages of larder-hoarding. Where introduced populations of ecologically similar species are better adapted to changing conditions, they may ultimately replace southern peripheral populations of native species.}, }
@article {pmid31015977, year = {2019}, author = {Martinez-Cillero, R and Willcock, S and Perez-Diaz, A and Joslin, E and Vergeer, P and Peh, KS}, title = {A practical tool for assessing ecosystem services enhancement and degradation associated with invasive alien species.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {7}, pages = {3918-3936}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5020}, pmid = {31015977}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Current approaches for assessing the effects of invasive alien species (IAS) are biased toward the negative effects of these species, resulting in an incomplete picture of their real effects. This can result in an inefficient IAS management. We address this issue by describing the INvasive Species Effects Assessment Tool (INSEAT) that enables expert elicitation for rapidly assessing the ecological consequences of IAS using the ecosystem services (ES) framework. INSEAT scores the ecosystem service &quot;gains and losses&quot; using a scale that accounted for the magnitude and the reversibility of its effects. We tested INSEAT on 18 IAS in Great Britain. Here, we highlighted four case studies: Harmonia axyridis (Harlequin ladybird), Astacus leptodactylus (Turkish crayfish), Pacifastacus leniusculus (Signal crayfish) and Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam). The results demonstrated that a collation of different experts' opinions using INSEAT could yield valuable information on the invasive aliens' ecological and social effects. The users can identify certain IAS as ES providers and the trade-offs between the ES provision and loss associated with them. This practical tool can be useful for evidence-based policy and management decisions that consider the potential role of invasive species in delivering human well-being.}, }
@article {pmid31015965, year = {2019}, author = {Bonner, C and Sokolov, NA and Westover, SE and Ho, M and Weis, AE}, title = {Estimating the impact of divergent mating phenology between residents and migrants on the potential for gene flow.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {7}, pages = {3770-3783}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5001}, pmid = {31015965}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Gene flow between populations can allow the spread of beneficial alleles and genetic diversity between populations, with importance to conservation, invasion biology, and agriculture. Levels of gene flow between populations vary not only with distance, but also with divergence in reproductive phenology. Since phenology is often locally adapted, arriving migrants may be reproductively out of synch with residents, which can depress realized gene flow. In flowering plants, the potential impact of phenological divergence on hybridization between populations can be predicted from overlap in flowering schedules-the daily count of flowers capable of pollen exchange-between a resident and migrant population. The accuracy of this prospective hybridization estimate, based on parental phenotypes, rests upon the assumptions of unbiased pollen transfer between resident and migrant active flowers. We tested the impact of phenological divergence on resident-migrant mating frequencies in experiments that mimicked a single large gene flow event. We first prospectively estimated mating frequencies two lines of Brassica rapaselected or early and late flowering. We then estimated realized mating frequencies retrospectively through progeny testing. The two estimates strongly agreed in a greenhouse experiment, where procedures ensured saturating, unbiased pollination. Under natural pollination in the field, the rate of resident-migrant mating, was lower than estimated by phenological divergence alone, although prospective and retrospective estimates were correlated. In both experiments, differences between residents and migrants in flowering schedule shape led to asymmetric hybridization. Results suggest that a prospective estimate of hybridization based on mating schedules can be a useful, although imperfect, tool for evaluating potential gene flow. They also illustrate the impact of mating phenology on the magnitude and symmetry of reproductive isolation.}, }
@article {pmid31015083, year = {2019}, author = {Ulman, A and Ferrario, J and Forcada, A and Arvanitidis, C and Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A and Marchini, A}, title = {A Hitchhiker's guide to Mediterranean marina travel for alien species.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {241}, number = {}, pages = {328-339}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.011}, pmid = {31015083}, issn = {1095-8630}, }
@article {pmid31014215, year = {2019}, author = {Seebens, H and Briski, E and Ghabooli, S and Shiganova, T and MacIsaac, HJ and Blasius, B}, title = {Non-native species spread in a complex network: the interaction of global transport and local population dynamics determines invasion success.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1901}, pages = {20190036}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.0036}, pmid = {31014215}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {The number of released individuals, which is a component of propagule pressure, is considered to be a major driver for the establishment success of non-native species. However, propagule pressure is often assumed to result from single or few release events, which does not necessarily apply to the frequent releases of invertebrates or other taxa through global transport. For instance, the high intensity of global shipping may result in frequent releases of large numbers of individuals, and the complexity of shipping dynamics impedes predictions of invasion dynamics. Here, we present a mathematical model for the spread of planktonic organisms by global shipping, using the history of movements by 33 566 ships among 1477 ports to simulate population dynamics for the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi as a case study. The degree of propagule pressure at one site resulted from the coincident arrival of individuals from other sites with native or non-native populations. Key to sequential spread in European waters was a readily available source of propagules and a suitable recipient environment. These propagules were derived from previously introduced 'bridgehead' populations supplemented with those from native sources. Invasion success is therefore determined by the complex interaction of global shipping and local population dynamics. The general findings probably hold true for the spread of species in other complex systems, such as insects or plant seeds exchanged via commercial trade or transport.}, }
@article {pmid31013809, year = {2019}, author = {Gandhi, KJK and Campbell, F and Abrams, J}, title = {Current Status of Forest Health Policy in the United States.}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects10040106}, pmid = {31013809}, issn = {2075-4450}, abstract = {ederal policies related to forestry and forest health (specifically, insects and diseases) have the potential to affect management practices, terms of international and interstate trade, and long-term sustainability and conservation. Our objectives were to review existing federal policies, the role of federal agencies in managing forest health, and guidance for future policy efforts. Since the 1940s, various federal policies relevant to forest health have been established, and several US Department of Agriculture (USDA) agencies have been empowered to assist with prevention, quarantine, detection, management, and control of insects and diseases. Overall, our review showed that relatively few national policies directly address forest health as a stand-alone objective, as most of them are embedded within forestry bills. Federal funding for forest health issues and the number of personnel dedicated to such issues have declined dramatically for some agencies. Concomitantly, native species continue to gain pestiferous status while non-native species continue to establish and cause impacts in the US. To enhance our ability and capacity to deal with current and future threats, concerted efforts are needed to advocate for both resources and stand-alone policy tools that take seriously the complexity of emerging sustainability challenges in both private and public forestlands.}, }
@article {pmid30517113, year = {2018}, author = {Serebryakova, A and Aires, T and Viard, F and Serrão, EA and Engelen, AH}, title = {Summer shifts of bacterial communities associated with the invasive brown seaweed Sargassum muticum are location and tissue dependent.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {13}, number = {12}, pages = {e0206734}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0206734}, pmid = {30517113}, issn = {1932-6203}, mesh = {*Bacteria/classification/genetics/growth &amp; development ; *Introduced Species ; Microbial Consortia/*physiology ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Sargassum/*microbiology ; *Seasons ; }, abstract = {Seaweed-associated microbiota experience spatial and temporal shifts in response to changing environmental conditions and seaweed physiology. These shifts may result in structural, functional and behavioral changes in the host with potential consequences for its fitness. They, thus, may help the host to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The current knowledge of seasonal variation of seaweed-associated microbiota is however still limited. In this study, we explored temporal and spatial variation of microbial communities associated with the invasive brown seaweed S. muticum. We sampled in northern and southern Portugal, in September, March and July-August (summer). In addition, as (pseudo-)perennial seaweeds display seasonal reproductive phenology, we sampled various parts of the individuals to disentangle the effect of temporal changes from those due to structural development variations. The diversity and structure of associated microbial communities were determined using next generation sequencing of the variable regions V5-7 of the 16S rDNA. We expected to find differentiation in associated microbial communities between regions and sampling months, but with differences depending on the seaweed structure examined. As expected, the study revealed substantial temporal shifts in S. muticum microbiome, for instance with large abundance of Rhodobacteraceae and Loktanella in September-March but prevalence of Pirellulales during the summer months. Variations between regions and tissues were also observed: in northern Portugal and on basal structures, bacterial diversity was higher as compared to the South and apical parts. All examined seaweed structures showed temporal differences in associated microbial community structure over time, except for holdfasts between September and March. Bacteria contributing to these changes varied spatially. Conversely to all other structures, the holdfast also did not show differences in associated community structure between southern and northern regions. Our study highlights the importance of structural microscale differentiations within seaweeds hosts with regard to their associated microbial communities and their importance across temporal and spatial dimensions.}, }
@article {pmid29068708, year = {2018}, author = {Leskey, TC and Nielsen, AL}, title = {Impact of the Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in North America and Europe: History, Biology, Ecology, and Management.}, journal = {Annual review of entomology}, volume = {63}, number = {}, pages = {599-618}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043226}, pmid = {29068708}, issn = {1545-4487}, mesh = {Animal Distribution ; Animals ; Europe ; Feeding Behavior ; *Heteroptera ; Insect Control ; *Introduced Species ; Life History Traits ; North America ; }, abstract = {The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an invasive pentatomid introduced from Asia into the United States, Canada, multiple European countries, and Chile. In 2010, BMSB populations in the mid-Atlantic United States reached outbreak levels and subsequent feeding severely damaged tree fruit as well as other crops. Significant nuisance issues from adults overwintering inside homes were common. BMSB is a highly polyphagous species with a strong dispersal capacity and high reproductive output, potentially enabling its spread and success in invaded regions. A greater understanding of BMSB biology and ecology and its natural enemies, the identification of the male-produced aggregation pheromone, and the recognition that BMSB disperses into crops from adjacent wooded habitats have led to the development of behavior-based integrated pest management (IPM) tactics. Much is still unknown about BMSB, and continued long-term collaborative studies are necessary to refine crop-specific IPM programs and enhance biological control across invaded landscapes.}, }
@article {pmid29029589, year = {2018}, author = {Renault, D and Laparie, M and McCauley, SJ and Bonte, D}, title = {Environmental Adaptations, Ecological Filtering, and Dispersal Central to Insect Invasions.}, journal = {Annual review of entomology}, volume = {63}, number = {}, pages = {345-368}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043315}, pmid = {29029589}, issn = {1545-4487}, mesh = {Adaptation, Biological ; *Animal Distribution ; Animals ; Arachnida ; *Insecta ; *Introduced Species ; }, abstract = {Insect invasions, the establishment and spread of nonnative insects in new regions, can have extensive economic and environmental consequences. Increased global connectivity accelerates rates of introductions, while climate change may decrease the barriers to invader species' spread. We follow an individual-level insect- and arachnid-centered perspective to assess how the process of invasion is influenced by phenotypic heterogeneity associated with dispersal and stress resistance, and their coupling, across the multiple steps of the invasion process. We also provide an overview and synthesis on the importance of environmental filters during the entire invasion process for the facilitation or inhibition of invasive insect population spread. Finally, we highlight important research gaps and the relevance and applicability of ongoing natural range expansions in the context of climate change to gain essential mechanistic insights into insect invasions.}, }
@article {pmid28977776, year = {2018}, author = {Malcolm, SB}, title = {Anthropogenic Impacts on Mortality and Population Viability of the Monarch Butterfly.}, journal = {Annual review of entomology}, volume = {63}, number = {}, pages = {277-302}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043241}, pmid = {28977776}, issn = {1545-4487}, mesh = {Agrochemicals ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; Asclepias ; *Butterflies ; Climate Change ; *Endangered Species ; Forests ; Introduced Species ; Plant Nectar ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; }, abstract = {Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) are familiar herbivores of milkweeds of the genus Asclepias, and most monarchs migrate each year to locate these host plants across North American ecosystems now dominated by agriculture. Eastern migrants overwinter in high-elevation forests in Mexico, and western monarchs overwinter in trees on the coast of California. Both populations face three primary threats to their viability: (a) loss of milkweed resources for larvae due to genetically modified crops, pesticides, and fertilizers; (b) loss of nectar resources from flowering plants; and (c) degraded overwintering forest habitats due to commercially motivated deforestation and other economic activities. Secondary threats to population viability include (d) climate change effects on milkweed host plants and the dynamics of breeding, overwintering, and migration; (e) the influence of invasive plants and natural enemies; (f) habitat fragmentation and coalescence that promote homogeneous, species-depleted landscapes; and (g) deliberate culture and release of monarchs and invasive milkweeds.}, }
@article {pmid31011154, year = {2019}, author = {Buchholz, S and Kowarik, I}, title = {Urbanisation modulates plant-pollinator interactions in invasive vs. native plant species.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {6375}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-42884-6}, pmid = {31011154}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {01LC1501A-H//Bundesministerium f&amp;#x00FC;r Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)/ ; }, abstract = {Pollination is a key ecological process, and invasive alien plant species have been shown to significantly affect plant-pollinator interactions. Yet, the role of the environmental context in modulating such processes is understudied. As urbanisation is a major component of global change, being associated with a range of stressors (e.g. heat, pollution, habitat isolation), we tested whether the attractiveness of a common invasive alien plant (Robinia pseudoacacia, black locust) vs. a common native plant (Cytisus scoparius, common broom) for pollinators changes with increasing urbanisation. We exposed blossoms of both species along an urbanisation gradient and quantified different types of pollinator interaction with the flowers. Both species attracted a broad range of pollinators, with significantly more visits for R. pseudoacacia, but without significant differences in numbers of insects that immediately accessed the flowers. However, compared to native Cytisus, more pollinators only hovered in front of flowers of invasive Robinia without visiting those subsequently. The decision rate to enter flowers of the invasive species decreased with increasing urbanisation. This suggests that while invasive Robinia still attracts many pollinators in urban settings attractiveness may decrease with increasing urban stressors. Results indicated future directions to deconstruct the role of different stressors in modulating plant-pollinator interactions, and they have implications for urban development since Robinia can be still considered as a &quot;pollinator-friendly&quot; tree for certain urban settings.}, }
@article {pmid31010927, year = {2019}, author = {Clifton, EH and Castrillo, LA and Gryganskyi, A and Hajek, AE}, title = {A pair of native fungal pathogens drives decline of a new invasive herbivore.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1903579116}, pmid = {31010927}, issn = {1091-6490}, abstract = {Two North American fungal pathogens caused a coepizootic leading to localized collapse of an outbreak population of the newly invasive planthopper pest, the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula), in the eastern United States. The pathogens partitioned the habitat, with the majority of L. delicatula on tree trunks killed by Batkoa major, while cadavers of L. delicatula killed by Beauveria bassiana were usually on the ground. The future will show whether these pathogens will be drivers in boom-bust cycles or will result in recurrent low population densities of this new invasive species.}, }
@article {pmid31010187, year = {2019}, author = {Philpott, SM and Albuquerque, S and Bichier, P and Cohen, H and Egerer, MH and Kirk, C and Will, KW}, title = {Local and Landscape Drivers of Carabid Activity, Species Richness, and Traits in Urban Gardens in Coastal California.}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects10040112}, pmid = {31010187}, issn = {2075-4450}, support = {NA//University of California New Faculty Research Grant/ ; }, abstract = {Urban ecosystems, as mosaics of residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural land, present challenges for species survival due to impervious surface, degradation, fragmentation, and modification of natural habitat, pollution, and introduced species. Some urban habitats, such as community gardens, support biodiversity and promote ecosystem services. In gardens, local factors (e.g., vegetation, groundcover) and landscape surroundings (e.g., agriculture, built or impervious cover) may influence species abundance, richness, and functional traits that are present. We examined which local and landscape factors within 19 community gardens in the California central coast influence ground beetle (Carabidae) activity density, species richness, functional group richness, and functional traits-body size, wing morphology, and dispersal ability. Gardens with higher crop richness and that are surrounded by agricultural land had greater carabid activity density, while species and functional group richness did not respond to any local or landscape factor. Gardens with more leaf litter had lower carabid activity, and gardens with more leaf litter tended to have more larger carabids. Changes in local (floral abundance, ground cover) and landscape (urban land cover) factors also influenced the distribution of individuals with certain wing morphology and body size traits. Thus, both local and landscape factors influence the taxonomic and functional traits of carabid communities, with potential implications for pest control services that are provided by carabids.}, }
@article {pmid31007567, year = {2018}, author = {Doherty-Bone, TM and Dunn, AM and Liddell, C and Brown, LE}, title = {Transformation of detritus by a European native and two invasive alien freshwater decapods.}, journal = {Biological invasions}, volume = {20}, number = {7}, pages = {1799-1808}, doi = {10.1007/s10530-018-1661-z}, pmid = {31007567}, issn = {1387-3547}, abstract = {Invasive alien species have the potential to alter biodiversity and ecosystem processes. In freshwaters, detritus decomposition is a major ecosystem service but it remains uncertain whether invasive alien decapods process detritus differently to natives. This study examined leaf litter processing, and cascading effects on biofilms, by the European native white clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) compared to two invasive alien decapod species: the American signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Invasive alien decapods were responsible for higher leaf litter decomposition than the native. In comparison with native crayfish, invasive alien crab and crayfish showed higher rates of litter consumption, increased production of smaller leaf fragments, fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) and dissolved organic carbon. Nutrients (ammonia and soluble reactive phosphorous) derived from excretion (measured separately in the absence of biofilms) varied among decapod species, being lower for P. leniusculus. However, nutrient concentrations did not vary among species in the detritivory experiments with biofilm, implying nutrients were utilised for biofilm production and respiration as no differences in biomass were evident among decapod treatments. These results show invasive alien decapods have the potential to increase the magnitude of detrital processing to FPOM in rivers, but indirect impacts on primary producers due to nutrient release are uncertain based on this experimental context.}, }
@article {pmid30136427, year = {2019}, author = {Carvajal, MA and Alaniz, AJ and Núñez-Hidalgo, I and González-Césped, C}, title = {Spatial global assessment of the pest Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): current and future scenarios.}, journal = {Pest management science}, volume = {75}, number = {3}, pages = {809-820}, doi = {10.1002/ps.5183}, pmid = {30136427}, issn = {1526-4998}, mesh = {Animal Distribution ; Animals ; California ; Chile ; *Climate Change ; Crops, Agricultural ; Geography ; *Heteroptera ; Introduced Species/*trends ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The insect Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) an important pest worldwide, mainly due to the serious economic losses incurred and the large number of zones invaded. However, current and future spatial distributions of this pest, and the total area of cropland potentially affected have not been estimated. Here, we aim to: (1) estimate the potential geographic distribution of B. hilaris; (2) quantify the total area of cropland potentially affected worldwide, and in two recently colonized zones (California and Chile); and (3) estimate future changes in distribution under different climate change scenarios.<br><br>RESULTS: We found that B. hilaris shows high environmental suitability in Mediterranean and arid regions, potentially affecting 1 108 184.1 km2 of cropland worldwide. The most affected continents were Asia and America, with 309 659.8 and 294 638.6 km2 of cropland at risk. More than 50% of cropland areas are at risk in seven countries. In California and central Chile, 43.7% and 50% of susceptible crops are at a high level of risk, respectively. Climate change scenarios predict an increase in the potential distribution of B. hilaris worldwide; America being the most affected continent.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide a spatially explicit baseline from which to focus efforts on the prevention, management and control of this pest worldwide. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.}, }
@article {pmid29752496, year = {2018}, author = {Macfarlane, WW and Gilbert, JT and Gilbert, JD and Saunders, WC and Hough-Snee, N and Hafen, C and Wheaton, JM and Bennett, SN}, title = {What are the Conditions of Riparian Ecosystems? Identifying Impaired Floodplain Ecosystems across the Western U.S. Using the Riparian Condition Assessment (RCA) Tool.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {62}, number = {3}, pages = {548-570}, pmid = {29752496}, issn = {1432-1009}, mesh = {Agriculture ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; *Rivers ; United States ; Utah ; Water Supply ; }, abstract = {Environmental stressors associated with human land and water-use activities have degraded many riparian ecosystems across the western United States. These stressors include (i) the widespread expansion of invasive plant species that displace native vegetation and exacerbate streamflow and sediment regime alteration; (ii) agricultural and urban development in valley bottoms that decouple streams and rivers from their floodplains and reduce instream wood recruitment and retention; and (iii) flow modification that reduces water quantity and quality, degrading aquatic habitats. Here we apply a novel drainage network model to assess the impacts of multiple stressors on reach-scale riparian condition across two large U.S. regions. In this application, we performed a riparian condition assessment evaluating three dominant stressors: (1) riparian vegetation departure from historical condition; (2) land-use intensity within valley bottoms; and (3) floodplain fragmentation caused by infrastructure within valley bottoms, combining these stressors in a fuzzy inference system. We used freely available, geospatial data to estimate reach-scale (500 m) riparian condition for 52,800 km of perennial streams and rivers, 25,600 km in Utah, and 27,200 km in 12 watersheds of the interior Columbia River Basin (CRB). Model outputs showed that riparian condition has been at least moderately impaired across ≈70% of the streams and rivers in Utah and ≈49% in the CRB. We found 84% agreement (Cohen's ĸ = 0.79) between modeled reaches and field plots, indicating that modeled riparian condition reasonably approximates on-the-ground conditions. Our approach to assessing riparian condition can be used to prioritize watershed-scale floodplain conservation and restoration by providing network-scale data on the extent and severity of riparian degradation. The approach that we applied here is flexible and can be expanded to run with additional riparian stressor data and/or finer resolution input data.}, }
@article {pmid29129278, year = {2017}, author = {Rafferty, NE}, title = {Effects of global change on insect pollinators: multiple drivers lead to novel communities.}, journal = {Current opinion in insect science}, volume = {23}, number = {}, pages = {22-27}, doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2017.06.009}, pmid = {29129278}, issn = {2214-5753}, mesh = {Animals ; *Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Insecta/*physiology ; Introduced Species ; Magnoliopsida ; *Pollination ; }, abstract = {Global change drivers, in particular climate change, exotic species introduction, and habitat alteration, affect insect pollinators in numerous ways. In response, insect pollinators show shifts in range and phenology, interactions with plants and other taxa are altered, and in some cases pollination services have diminished. Recent studies show some pollinators are tracking climate change by moving latitudinally and elevationally, while others are not. Shifts in insect pollinator phenology generally keep pace with advances in flowering, although there are exceptions. Recent data demonstrate competition between exotic and native bees, along with rapid positive effects of exotic plant removal on pollinator richness. Genetic analyses tie bee fitness to habitat quality. Across drivers, novel communities are a common outcome that deserves more study.}, }
@article {pmid31009532, year = {2019}, author = {Hogg, BN and Moran, PJ and Smith, L}, title = {Relative Performance and Impacts of the Psyllid Arytinnis hakani (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on Nontarget Plants and the Target Weed Genista monspessulana (Fabales: Fabaceae).}, journal = {Environmental entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/ee/nvz041}, pmid = {31009532}, issn = {1938-2936}, abstract = {No-choice tests can help select weed biological control agents with a high degree of host specificity but may exclude potentially effective agents that can develop on nontarget plants under laboratory conditions. The actual amount of damage to nontarget plants often goes unstudied, even though agents may exploit nontarget plants without inflicting significant harm. Furthermore, tests typically assess whether prospective agents can complete one generation on nontarget plants, and rarely examine whether agents are likely to persist on the nontarget plants over the long term. Pre-release assessments that occur over multiple generations of the agent could help determine whether prospective agents pose a threat to nontarget plants under field conditions. This study focused on the psyllid Arytinnis hakani Loginova (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), which is under consideration in California for release against the invasive shrub French broom, Genista monspessulana (L.) LAS Johnson. We examined the host suitability of seven nontarget Lupinus spp. (Fabales: Fabaceae) for the psyllid using no-choice tests, and assessed psyllid impacts on Lupinus arboreus Sims, which consistently supported psyllid oviposition and development. The psyllid oviposited on all of the tested Lupinus spp., and completed two generations on five of the Lupinus spp., although numbers of psyllids were highest on French broom. In an additional experiment, A. hakani did not affect growth or survival of L. arboreus, but reduced growth and dramatically reduced survival of French broom. Taken together, these results indicate that Lupinus spp. are suboptimal hosts for the psyllid and are unlikely to be significantly impacted by its feeding.}, }
@article {pmid31004498, year = {2019}, author = {Valliere, JM and Escobedo, EB and Bucciarelli, GM and Sharifi, MR and Rundel, PW}, title = {Invasive annuals respond more negatively to drought than native species.}, journal = {The New phytologist}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/nph.15865}, pmid = {31004498}, issn = {1469-8137}, abstract = {1. In his foundational list of &quot;ideal weed&quot; characteristics, Baker (1965) proposed that weedy plants maximize reproductive output under high resource availability. Since then, the idea that invasive plant species are more responsive to fluctuating resources than native or non-invasive species has gained considerable traction, though few studies extend this hypothesis to include reproductive output. We revisit Baker's hypothesis in the context of invasion and drought in California grasslands, exploring whether invasives show greater growth and reproductive responses to water availability compared to the native wildflowers they displace. 2. In an outdoor potted study, we grew eight native and eight invasive species of annuals commonly found in southern California grasslands to reproductive maturity under both well-watered and drought conditions. 3. While drought negatively impacted plant performance overall, invasives showed more negative responses for growth and reproductive traits. Invasives also grew larger than native species, especially under well-watered conditions, and produced seed with higher rates of germination. 4. Invasives may be more negatively impacted by drought than natives, but they are also able to capitalize on high resource conditions and greatly increase reproductive output. Such opportunistic responses exhibited by invasives might explain previously observed fluctuations in their abundance under variable precipitation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid31004089, year = {2019}, author = {Rees, DJ and Hanifi, A and Obille, A and Alexander, R and Sone, ED}, title = {Fingerprinting of Proteins that Mediate Quagga Mussel Adhesion using a De Novo Assembled Foot Transcriptome.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {6305}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-41976-7}, pmid = {31004089}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {RGPIN 342455//Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en G&amp;#x00E9;nie du Canada)/ ; }, abstract = {The European freshwater mollusk Dreissena bugensis (quagga mussel), an invasive species to North America, adheres to surfaces underwater via the byssus: a non-living protein 'anchor'. In spite of its importance as a biofouling species, the sequence of the majority of byssal proteins responsible for adhesion are not known, and little genomic data is available. To determine protein sequence information, we utilized next-generation RNA sequencing and de novo assembly to construct a cDNA library of the quagga mussel foot transcriptome, which contains over 200,000 transcripts. Quagga mussel byssal proteins were extracted from freshly induced secretions and analyzed using LC-MS/MS; peptide spectra were matched to the transcriptome to fingerprint the entire protein primary sequences. We present the full sequences of fourteen novel quagga mussel byssal proteins, named Dreissena bugensis foot proteins 4 to 17 (Dbfp4-Dbfp17), and new sequence data for two previously observed byssal proteins Dbfp1 and Dbfp2. Theoretical masses of the newly discovered proteins range from 4.3 kDa to 21.6 kDa. These protein sequences are unique but contain features similar to glue proteins from other species, including a high degree of polymorphism, proteins with repeated peptide motifs, disordered protein structure, and block structures.}, }
@article {pmid31003096, year = {2019}, author = {Young, SL and Goldowsky-Dill, NW and Muhammad, J and Epstein, MM}, title = {Connecting experts in the agricultural and meteorological sciences to advance knowledge of pest management in a changing climate.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {673}, number = {}, pages = {694-698}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.126}, pmid = {31003096}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {There has been considerable progress in elucidating the physical aspects of climate change that directly impact food, feed, and fiber production. However, these impact assessments rarely account for climate induced changes associated with biological pests. The lack of collaboration between the pest management and climate science disciplines could be contributing to the problem. Therefore, we assessed research-based relationships, identifying possible barriers to and gaps in successful collaboration. We developed an algorithm capable of identifying author affiliation and associated disciplines. We found that pest management and climate scientists most often authored papers in their respective disciplines (>90%), but rarely in the opposing disciplines (<1%). Atopica, an international research group, is one of the few examples of how interdisciplinary collaborations have led to the co-production of knowledge to better understand and manage a pest responding to climate change. Researcher-to-researcher relationships, as demonstrated by Atopica, are an often overlooked area of science and key to solving major societal challenges.}, }
@article {pmid31003061, year = {2019}, author = {Kaur, A and Kaur, S and Singh, HP and Batish, DR and Kohli, RK}, title = {Phenotypic variations alter the ecological impact of invasive alien species: Lessons from Parthenium hysterophorus.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {241}, number = {}, pages = {187-197}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.129}, pmid = {31003061}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {Invasive plant species constantly adjust their behavior with ecological shifts by virtue of phenotypic plasticity and/or local adaptations. Changes in the phenotype of an invasive species may also trigger variations in its community level impacts, which is an acceptable, yet unexplored aspect of invasion biology. Our study attempts to fill important knowledge gaps on the basic behavior and ecological interactions of invasive species. Parthenium hysterophorus, a widely distributed invasive alien species of tropical and sub-tropical regions, was evaluated for variations in its morpho-functional traits and ecological performance at a common spatial and temporal scale. Field surveys were conducted in Chandigarh, India, in five sites identified as invaded with P. hysterophorus. Individuals of P. hysterophorus randomly sampled from these sites, showed from trait analyses that the population is differentiated into two morphotypes, PA and PB. Morphotype PB exhibits traits comparable to the shrub life-form in terms of woody stem (with higher stem circumference [+32.26%], stem specific density [+128.57%], twig dry matter content [+25.15%]); profuse branching (+46.38%); larger canopy (+91.16%); and better reproductive output (+190.29%) compared to PA. PA, on the other hand, reflected herbaceous characteristics with greater leaf area (+67.58%) and higher content of chlorophyll (+21.92%) compared to PB. Based on these morphotypes, the plots were divided into three invasion categories: areas invaded by PA [IPA], areas invaded by PB [IPB] and uninvaded areas [UI]. Ecological indices and soil chemical properties were compared across IPA, IPB and UI. Shannon's index (p < 0.001), evenness index (p = 0.008), and richness index (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in IPB compared to IPA. UI areas were found to have higher soil pH, phenolics, organic matter, and concentrations of N, P and K, compared to IPA and IPB, but lower Ca and Mg. Results suggest that phenotypic variations within population of P. hysterophorus regulate its ecological impact on associated vegetation. Conservation managers would benefit from studying its invasion patterns and identifying the morphotype with higher ecological impact to prioritize management efforts. Monitoring these behavioral and ecological patterns in P. hysterophorus over the long-term may also help in anticipating challenges to preventive measures.}, }
@article {pmid30996520, year = {2018}, author = {Dangerfield, CE and Whalley, AE and Hanley, N and Gilligan, CA}, title = {What a Difference a Stochastic Process Makes: Epidemiological-Based Real Options Models of Optimal Treatment of Disease.}, journal = {Environmental &amp; resource economics}, volume = {70}, number = {3}, pages = {691-711}, doi = {10.1007/s10640-017-0168-x}, pmid = {30996520}, issn = {0924-6460}, abstract = {The real options approach has been used within environmental economics to investigate the impact of uncertainty on the optimal timing of control measures to minimise the impacts of invasive species, including pests and diseases. Previous studies typically model the growth in infected area using geometric Brownian motion (GBM). The advantage of this simple approach is that it allows for closed form solutions. However, such a process does not capture the mechanisms underlying the spread of infection. In particular the GBM assumption does not respect the natural upper boundary of the system, which is determined by the maximum size of the host species, nor the deceleration in the rate of infection as this boundary is approached. We show how the stochastic process describing the growth in infected area can be derived from the characteristics of the spread of infection. If the model used does not appropriately capture uncertainty in infection dynamics, then the excessive delay before treatment implies that the full value of the option to treat is not realised. Indeed, when uncertainty is high or the disease is fast spreading, ignoring the mechanisms of infection spread can lead to control never being deployed. Thus the results presented here have important implications for the way in which the real options approach is applied to determine optimal timing of disease control given uncertainty in future disease progression.}, }
@article {pmid30998797, year = {2019}, author = {Geraldi, NR and Anton, A and Lovelock, CE and Duarte, CM}, title = {Are the ecological effects of the &quot;worst&quot; marine invasive species linked with scientific and media attention?.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {e0215691}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0215691}, pmid = {30998797}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Non-native species are a major driver of environmental change. In this study we assessed the ecological impact of the &quot;worst&quot; non-native species and the associated scientific and media publications through time to understand what influences interest in these species. Ecological effect was based on a qualitative assessment reported in research publications and additional searches of the scientific and media attention were conducted to determine published articles and assess attention. We did not detect a relationship between the number of publications for a non-native species and the magnitude of the ecological effects of that species or the number of citations. Media coverage on non-native species was low, only evident for less than 50% of the non-native species assessed. Media coverage was initially related to the number of scientific publications, but was short-lived. In contrast, the attention to individual non-native species in the scientific literature was sustained through time and often continued to increase over time. Time between detection of the non-native species and the scientific/media attention were reduced with each successive introduction to a new geographic location. Tracking publications on non-native species indicated that media attention does seem to be associated with the production of scientific research while scientific attention was not related to the magnitude of the ecological effects.}, }
@article {pmid30997155, year = {2019}, author = {Mahar, JE and Hall, RN and Shi, M and Mourant, R and Huang, N and Strive, T and Holmes, EC}, title = {The discovery of three new hare lagoviruses reveals unexplored viral diversity in this genus.}, journal = {Virus evolution}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {vez005}, doi = {10.1093/ve/vez005}, pmid = {30997155}, issn = {2057-1577}, abstract = {Our knowledge of mammalian viruses has been strongly skewed toward those that cause disease in humans and animals. However, recent metagenomic studies indicate that most apparently healthy organisms carry viruses, and that these seemingly benign viruses may comprise the bulk of virus diversity. The bias toward studying viruses associated with overt disease is apparent in the lagoviruses (family Caliciviridae) that infect rabbits and hares: although most attention has been directed toward the highly pathogenic members of this genus-rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus and European brown hare syndrome virus-a number of benign lagoviruses have also been identified. To determine whether wild European brown hares in Australia might also carry undetected benign viruses, we used a meta-transcriptomics approach to explore the gut and liver RNA viromes of these invasive animals. This led to the discovery of three new lagoviruses. While one was only detected in a single hare, the other two viruses were detected in 20 per cent of all animals tested. All three viruses were most closely related to other hare lagoviruses, but were phylogenetically distinct from both known viruses and from each other, indicating that lagoviruses have circulated for longer than previously assumed. Their evolution was also characterised by complex recombination events. Mapping mutations onto the lagovirus phylogeny revealed no amino acid changes that were consistently associated with virulence phenotype. Overall, our study points to extensive unsampled diversity in this genus, such that additional metagenomic studies are needed to fill gaps in the lagovirus phylogeny and better understand the evolutionary history of this important group of mammalian viruses.}, }
@article {pmid30995765, year = {2019}, author = {Reza, MS and Ahmed, A and Caesarendra, W and Abu Bakar, MS and Shams, S and Saidur, R and Aslfattahi, N and Azad, AK}, title = {Acacia Holosericea: An Invasive Species for Bio-char, Bio-oil, and Biogas Production.}, journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/bioengineering6020033}, pmid = {30995765}, issn = {2306-5354}, support = {UBD/BRC/11 Project//Brunei Research Council/ ; }, abstract = {To evaluate the possibilities for biofuel and bioenergy production Acacia Holosericea, which is an invasive plant available in Brunei Darussalam, was investigated. Proximate analysis of Acacia Holosericea shows that the moisture content, volatile matters, fixed carbon, and ash contents were 9.56%, 65.12%, 21.21%, and 3.91%, respectively. Ultimate analysis shows carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen as 44.03%, 5.67%, and 0.25%, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results have shown that maximum weight loss occurred for this biomass at 357 °C for pyrolysis and 287 °C for combustion conditions. Low moisture content (<10%), high hydrogen content, and higher heating value (about 18.13 MJ/kg) makes this species a potential biomass. The production of bio-char, bio-oil, and biogas from Acacia Holosericea was found 34.45%, 32.56%, 33.09% for 500 °C with a heating rate 5 °C/min and 25.81%, 37.61%, 36.58% with a heating rate 10 °C/min, respectively, in this research. From Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy it was shown that a strong C-H, C-O, and C=C bond exists in the bio-char of the sample.}, }
@article {pmid29851948, year = {2018}, author = {Sikes, BA and Bufford, JL and Hulme, PE and Cooper, JA and Johnston, PR and Duncan, RP}, title = {Import volumes and biosecurity interventions shape the arrival rate of fungal pathogens.}, journal = {PLoS biology}, volume = {16}, number = {5}, pages = {e2006025}, pmid = {29851948}, issn = {1545-7885}, mesh = {Commerce/*history/legislation &amp; jurisprudence/statistics &amp; numerical data/trends ; Crops, Agricultural/microbiology ; *Fungi ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Introduced Species/legislation &amp; jurisprudence/*trends ; New Zealand ; Plant Diseases/*microbiology ; Security Measures/*history/legislation &amp; jurisprudence ; Trees/microbiology ; }, abstract = {Global trade and the movement of people accelerate biological invasions by spreading species worldwide. Biosecurity measures seek to allow trade and passenger movements while preventing incursions that could lead to the establishment of unwanted pests, pathogens, and weeds. However, few data exist to evaluate whether changes in trade volumes, passenger arrivals, and biosecurity measures have altered rates of establishment of nonnative species over time. This is particularly true for pathogens, which pose significant risks to animal and plant health and are consequently a major focus of biosecurity efforts but are difficult to detect. Here, we use a database of all known plant pathogen associations recorded in New Zealand to estimate the rate at which new fungal pathogens arrived and established on 131 economically important plant species over the last 133 years. We show that the annual arrival rate of new fungal pathogens increased from 1880 to about 1980 in parallel with increasing import trade volume but subsequently stabilised despite continued rapid growth in import trade and recent rapid increases in international passenger arrivals. Nevertheless, while pathogen arrival rates for crop and pasture species have declined in recent decades, arrival rates have increased for forestry and fruit tree species. These contrasting trends between production sectors reflect differences in biosecurity effort and suggest that targeted biosecurity can slow pathogen arrival and establishment despite increasing trade and international movement of people.}, }
@article {pmid30993767, year = {2019}, author = {Braasch, J and Barker, BS and Dlugosch, KM}, title = {Expansion history and environmental suitability shape effective population size in a plant invasion.}, journal = {Molecular ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/mec.15104}, pmid = {30993767}, issn = {1365-294X}, abstract = {The margins of an expanding range are predicted to be challenging environments for adaptation. Marginal populations should often experience low effective population sizes (Ne) where genetic drift is high due to demographic expansion and/or census population size is low due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Nevertheless, invasive species demonstrate increasing evidence of rapid evolution and potential adaptation to novel environments encountered during colonization, calling into question whether significant reductions in Ne are realized during range expansions in nature. Here we report one of the first empirical tests of the joint effects of expansion dynamics and environment on effective population size variation during invasive range expansion. We estimate contemporary values of Ne using rates of linkage disequilibrium among genome-wide markers within introduced populations of the highly invasive plant Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) in North America (California, USA), and within native Eurasian populations. As predicted, we find that Ne within the invaded range is positively correlated with both expansion history (time since founding) and habitat quality (abiotic climate). History and climate had independent additive effects with similar effect sizes, indicating an important role for both factors in this invasion. These results support theoretical expectations for the population genetics of range expansion, though whether these processes can ultimately arrest the spread of an invasive species remains an unanswered question. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid30991646, year = {2019}, author = {Stahl, JM and Babendreier, D and Marazzi, C and Caruso, S and Costi, E and Maistrello, L and Haye, T}, title = {Can Anastatus bifasciatus Be Used for Augmentative Biological Control of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in Fruit Orchards?.}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects10040108}, pmid = {30991646}, issn = {2075-4450}, support = {641456//H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions/ ; N/A//Phytosanitary Service of the Canton Ticino/ ; N/A//Associazione frutticoltori ticinesi/ ; N/A//Consorzio Fitosanitario Provinciale di Modena/ ; }, abstract = {The generalist egg parasitoid Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) is the most prevalent egg parasitoid of the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Europe. To assess its efficacy against the pest H. halys and to validate the potential risks for non-target species in a realistic field setting, inundative releases were conducted over three consecutive years in four fruit orchards in Switzerland and Italy. In total, more than 4300 A. bifasciatus females were released, which was equivalent to 11,000 to 26,000 females per hectare, depending on distances between trees in each orchard. Parasitism of freeze-killed sentinel H. halys eggs achieved with the current release strategy was on average 6% (range: 2%-16%) and considered not high enough to effectively suppress the pest. However, the overall impact of A. bifasciatus on the mortality of H. halys eggs was likely underestimated. If pre-imaginal parasitoid mortality (3.3%) and host feeding (6%) are added to the observed parasitism (6%), the actual induced mortality of H. halys eggs may reach more than 15%. Parasitism of lepidopteran non-target species reached an average of 8% and thus, some degree of non-target parasitism after mass releases may be expected. To quantify the impact of the parasitoids in the orchards more precisely, naturally laid egg masses should be used in future trials to include host-finding cues of the host and host plants, and larger scale releases with potentially higher densities of parasitoids should be considered.}, }
@article {pmid29764688, year = {2018}, author = {Bertelsmeier, C and Keller, L}, title = {Bridgehead Effects and Role of Adaptive Evolution in Invasive Populations.}, journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution}, volume = {33}, number = {7}, pages = {527-534}, doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2018.04.014}, pmid = {29764688}, issn = {1872-8383}, mesh = {*Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Introduced Species ; Plants ; }, abstract = {Biological invasions are a major threat to biodiversity, agriculture, and human health. Invasive populations can be the source of additional new introductions, leading to a self-accelerating process whereby invasion begets invasion. This phenomenon, coined bridgehead effect, has been proposed to stem from the evolution of higher invasiveness in a primary introduced population. There is, however, no conclusive evidence that the success of bridgehead populations stems from the evolution of increased invasiveness. Instead, we argue that a high frequency of secondary introductions can be explained by increased abundance in the bridgehead region or the topology of human transport networks. We outline the type of evidence and experiments that are needed to demonstrate adaptive evolution and higher invasion success of introduced populations.}, }
@article {pmid30989338, year = {2019}, author = {Yamasaki, K and Takahashi, R and Harada, R and Matsuo, Y and Nakamura, M and Takahashi, JI}, title = {Reproductive interference by alien hornet Vespa velutina threatens the native populations of Vespa simillima in Japan.}, journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften}, volume = {106}, number = {5-6}, pages = {15}, doi = {10.1007/s00114-019-1609-x}, pmid = {30989338}, issn = {1432-1904}, support = {17K07575//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; }, abstract = {The yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina has become one of the major alien species in European and East Asian countries. As in its homeland, the invading V. velutina is reported as the major predator of honeybees and is becoming a threat to beekeeping in Europe. However, it remains unknown how V. velutina might affect native hornets when it invades Asia, where a large number of Vespa species are distributed. Thus, by analyzing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, we investigated whether interspecific mating occurs between V. velutina and Japanese native Vespa spp. Our results showed that the alien V. velutina causes reproductive interference in Japanese native hornet Vespa simillima. Forty-three percent of native V. simillima queens had the sperm of V. velutina males, and among the all V. simillima queens analyzed, 28% only had V. velutina sperm. We did not find evidence of V. velutina queens having the sperm of V. simillima males. These findings suggest that reproductive interference by V. velutina males poses a threat to the native V. simillima populations. A decline of V. simillima may also negatively affect other insects that interact with V. simillima.}, }
@article {pmid30988898, year = {2019}, author = {Marshall, NT and Stepien, CA}, title = {Invasion genetics from eDNA and thousands of larvae: A targeted metabarcoding assay that distinguishes species and population variation of zebra and quagga mussels.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {6}, pages = {3515-3538}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.4985}, pmid = {30988898}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Identifying species and population genetic compositions of biological invasions at early life stages and/or from environmental (e)DNA using targeted high-throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcode assays offers powerful and cost-effective means for early detection, analysis of spread patterns, and evaluating population changes. The present study develops, tests, and applies this method with a targeted sequence assay designed to simultaneously identify and distinguish between the closely related invasive Eurasian zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis) and their relatives and discern their respective population genetic patterns. Invasions of these dreissenid mussel species have markedly changed freshwater ecosystems throughout North America and Europe, exerting severe ecological and economic damage. Their planktonic early life stages (eggs and larvae) are morphologically indistinguishable, yet each species exerts differential ecological effects, with the quagga often outcompeting the zebra mussel as adults. Our targeted assay analyzes genetic variation from a diagnostic sequence region of the mitochondrial (mt)DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, to assess temporal and spatial inter- and intra-specific genetic variability. The assay facilitates analysis of environmental (e)DNA from water, early life stages from thousands of individuals, and simultaneous analysis of 50-100 tagged field-collected samples. Experiments evaluated its accuracy and performance using: (a) mock laboratory communities containing known DNA quantities per taxon, (b) aquaria with mixed-species/haplotype compositions of adults, and (c) field-collected water and plankton versus traditional sampling of adult communities. Results delineated species compositions, relative abundances, and population-level diversity differences among ecosystems, habitats, time series, and life stages from two allopatric concurrent invasions in the Great Lakes (Lake Erie) and the Hudson River, which had separate founding histories. Findings demonstrate application of this targeted assay and our approach to accurately and simultaneously discern species- and population-level differences across spatial and temporal scales, facilitating early detection and ecological understanding of biological invasions.}, }
@article {pmid30734861, year = {2019}, author = {Steinbrink, A and Zotzmann, S and Cunze, S and Klimpel, S}, title = {Aedes koreicus-a new member of the genus Aedes establishing in Germany?.}, journal = {Parasitology research}, volume = {118}, number = {3}, pages = {1073-1076}, doi = {10.1007/s00436-019-06232-x}, pmid = {30734861}, issn = {1432-1955}, mesh = {Aedes/classification/*physiology ; Animal Distribution ; Animals ; Disease Vectors ; Germany ; *Introduced Species ; Mosquito Vectors/classification/*physiology ; }, abstract = {Aedes koreicus, a mosquito species originating from Japan, China, Korea, and parts of Russia, has been sporadically found in Europe since 2008. It is suspected to be a vector of a variety of viruses and nematodes. In Germany, one individual was found in 2015 in the city of Augsburg, situated in the federal state of Bavaria. Based on morphological and molecular species identification, this study reports a new finding of Ae. koreicus, about 370 km northwest from Augsburg. The sampling point is located in the city of Wiesbaden, in the federal state of Hesse, where four individuals were found over a period of 2 months in 2017. The re-finding of the species in the same location in May and July 2018 suggests that (a) the species was able to reproduce and overwinter at this site, and (b) spreading of non-native mosquito species is an ongoing process in Germany, which requires close monitoring.}, }
@article {pmid30986675, year = {2019}, author = {Modesto, V and Castro, P and Lopes-Lima, M and Antunes, C and Ilarri, M and Sousa, R}, title = {Potential impacts of the invasive species Corbicula fluminea on the survival of glochidia.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {673}, number = {}, pages = {157-164}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.043}, pmid = {30986675}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) are one of the most imperilled faunal groups globally, being the introduction of invasive species a possible major mechanism of threat. The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea is a problematic invasive species in aquatic ecosystems and can impair the survival of parasitic larvae (glochidia) of native freshwater mussels. However, this possible mechanism of threat remains speculative and to date very few studies addressed quantitatively this issue. In order to cover this gap, we have performed a series of manipulative laboratory studies to assess how distinct densities of C. fluminea can affect the survival of glochidia after 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of exposure, using larvae of the native freshwater mussel Anodonta anatina. Our results suggest an increase in mortality of A. anatina glochidia with an increase in density of C. fluminea. Two main mechanisms may possibly explain our results: 1) the high filtration capacity of C. fluminea that can contribute to the mortality of glochidia due to the mechanical damage of their fragile shells when passing by siphons and/or digestive tract of C. fluminea and 2) the high excretion capacity of C. fluminea that can lead to mortality of glochidia due to increase in ammonia concentration. Mortality of glochidia was also time dependent with higher values registered after 48 h. This work is one of the first showing the influence of C. fluminea density on the survival of glochidia, being filtration (and consequent passage in the digestive tract) and biodeposition the main potential mechanisms explaining overall mortality. These results also suggest that sites with high densities of C. fluminea may be highly detrimental for the conservation of freshwater mussels, potentially impairing the survival of glochidia and negatively affecting the recruitment of juveniles.}, }
@article {pmid30985910, year = {2019}, author = {Stroud, JT and Giery, ST and Outerbridge, M and Feeley, KJ}, title = {Ecological character displacement alters the outcome of priority effects during community assembly.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e02727}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2727}, pmid = {30985910}, issn = {1939-9170}, abstract = {Character displacement may facilitate species coexistence through niche partitioning. However, the degree to which character displacement influences broader patterns of community assembly is unclear. Here, we capitalize on a natural experiment of community assembly on the oceanic island of Bermuda. Over the past century, three species of ecologically similar but distantly related Anolis lizards have been introduced to Bermuda where no Anolis has ever naturally existed. The Jamaican anole (A. grahami) arrived first in 1905 and dispersed rapidly across the island. Five decades later, the Antiguan anole (A. leachii) and the Barbadian anole (A. extremus) were introduced to independent locations. In 1991, A. leachii and A. extremus were observed to nearly meet at a contact zone but to not yet coexist. We record that subsequent range expansion at this contact zone has been asymmetrical; A. leachii invaded the range of A. extremus, but reciprocal invasion by A. extremus has not occurred. When in allopatry in Bermuda, both species occupy identical ecological space. However, A. leachii underwent rapid ecological character displacement to use arboreal habitat when invading the range of A. extremus. These findings highlight how character displacement may influence the process of dispersal and drive patterns of coexistence and community assembly. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid30984216, year = {2019}, author = {De Boeck, HJ and Hiltbrunner, E and Jentsch, A and Vandvik, V}, title = {Editorial: Responses to Climate Change in the Cold Biomes.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {347}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00347}, pmid = {30984216}, issn = {1664-462X}, }
@article {pmid30984215, year = {2019}, author = {Bueno, A and Pritsch, K and Simon, J}, title = {Species-Specific Outcome in the Competition for Nitrogen Between Invasive and Native Tree Seedlings.}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {337}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2019.00337}, pmid = {30984215}, issn = {1664-462X}, abstract = {The outcome of competition for nitrogen (N) between native and invasive tree species is a major concern when considering increasing anthropogenic N deposition. Our study investigated whether three native (i.e., Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, and Pinus sylvestris) and two invasive woody species (i.e., Prunus serotina and Robinia pseudoacacia) showed different responses regarding morphological and physiological parameters (i.e., biomass and growth indices, inorganic vs. organic N acquisition strategies, and N allocation to N pools) depending on the identity of the competing species, and whether these responses were mediated by soil N availability. In a greenhouse experiment, tree seedlings were planted either single or in native-invasive competition at low and high soil N availability. We measured inorganic and organic N acquisition using 15N labeling, total biomass, growth indices, as well as total soluble amino acid-N and protein-N levels in the leaves and fine roots of the seedlings. Our results indicate that invasive species have a competitive advantage via high growth rates, whereas native species could avoid competition with invasives via their higher organic N acquisition suggesting a better access to organic soil N sources. Moreover, native species responded to competition with distinct species- and parameter-specific strategies that were partly mediated by soil N availability. Native tree seedlings in general showed a stronger response to invasive P. serotina than R. pseudoacacia, and their strategies to cope with competition reflect the different species' life history strategies and physiological traits. Considering the responses of native and invasive species, our results suggest that specifically Q. robur seedlings have a competitive advantage over those of R. pseudoacacia but not P. serotina. Furthermore, native and invasive species show stronger responses to higher soil N availability under competition compared to when growing single. In conclusion, our study provides insights into the potential for niche differentiation between native and invasive species by using different N forms available in the soil, the combined effects of increased soil N availability and competition on tree seedling N nutrition, as well as the species-specific nature of competition between native and invasive tree seedlings which could be relevant for forest management strategies.}, }
@article {pmid30982964, year = {2019}, author = {Britton, JR and Gutmann Roberts, C and Amat Trigo, F and Nolan, ET and De Santis, V}, title = {Predicting the ecological impacts of an alien invader: experimental approaches reveal the trophic consequences of competition.}, journal = {The Journal of animal ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.12996}, pmid = {30982964}, issn = {1365-2656}, abstract = {1.Ecological theory on the trophic impacts of invasive fauna on native competitors is equivocal. While increased inter-specific competition can result in coexisting species having constricted and diverged trophic niches, the competing species might instead increase their niche sizes to maintain energy intakes. Empirical experiments can test invasion theory on competitive interactions and niche sizes across different spatial scales and complexity. 2.The consequences of increased inter-specific competition from a model alien fish Leuciscus idus were tested on two taxonomically and trophically similar native fishes, Squalius cephalus and Barbus barbus. Competitive interactions were tested in tank aquaria using comparative functional responses (CFRs) and cohabitation trials. The consequences of these competitive interactions for the trophic niche sizes and positions of the fishes were tested in pond mesocosms. 3.CFRs revealed that compared to B. barbus, L. idus had significantly higher attack and consumption rates; cohabitation trials revealed B. barbus growth rates were depressed in sympatry with L. idus. For L. idus and S. cephalus, differences in their functional response parameters and growth rates were not significant. 4.Pond mesocosms used stable isotope metrics to quantify shifts in the trophic niche sizes of the fishes between allopatry and sympatry using a substitutive experimental design. Isotopic niches were smaller and more divergent in sympatric paired species than predicted by their allopatric treatments, suggesting trophic impacts from inter-specific competition. However, an all-species sympatric treatment revealed similar niche sizes with allopatry. This maintenance of niche sizes in the presence of all species potentially resulted from the buffering of direct competitive effects of the species-pairs by indirect effects. 5.Experimental predictions from tank aquaria assisted the interpretation of the constricted and diverged trophic niches detected in the paired-species sympatric treatments of the pond mesocosms. However, the all-species sympatric treatment of this experiment revealed greater complexity in the outcomes of the competitive interactions within and between the species. These results have important implications for understanding how alien species integrate into food webs and influence the trophic relationships between native species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid29534147, year = {2018}, author = {Martinez, MA and Baack, EJ and Hovick, SM and Whitney, KD}, title = {A reassessment of the genome size-invasiveness relationship in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea).}, journal = {Annals of botany}, volume = {121}, number = {7}, pages = {1309-1318}, pmid = {29534147}, issn = {1095-8290}, mesh = {DNA, Plant/genetics ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genome, Plant/*genetics ; *Introduced Species ; Phalaris/*genetics/growth &amp; development ; }, abstract = {Background and Aims: Genome size is hypothesized to affect invasiveness in plants. Key evidence comes from a previous study of invasive eastern North American populations of the grass Phalaris arundinacea: invasive genotypes with smaller genomes had higher growth rates, and genome sizes were smaller in the invasive vs. native range. This study aimed to re-investigate those patterns by examining a broader range of North American populations and by employing the modern best-practice protocol for plant genome size estimation in addition to the previously used protocol.<br><br>Methods: Genome sizes were measured using both internal and pseudo-internal standardization protocols for 20 invasive and nine native range accessions of P. arundinacea. After a round of vegetative propagation to reduce maternal environmental effects, growth (stem elongation) rates of these accessions were measured in the greenhouse.<br><br>Key Results: Using the best-practice protocol, there was no evidence of a correlation between genome size and growth rates (P = 0.704), and no evidence for differences in genome sizes of invasive and native range accessions (P > 0.353). However, using the older genome size estimation protocol, both relationships were significant (reproducing the results of the previous study).<br><br>Conclusions: Genome size reduction has not driven increased invasiveness in a broad sample of North American P. arundinacea. Further, inappropriate genome size estimation techniques can create spurious correlations between genome size and plant traits such as growth rate. Valid estimation is vital to progress in understanding the potentially widespread effects of genome size on biological processes and patterns.}, }
@article {pmid30982122, year = {2019}, author = {Carter, SK and Fleishman, E and Leinwand, IIF and Flather, CH and Carr, NB and Fogarty, FA and Leu, M and Noon, BR and Wohlfeil, ME and Wood, DJA}, title = {Quantifying Ecological Integrity of Terrestrial Systems to Inform Management of Multiple-Use Public Lands in the United States.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00267-019-01163-w}, pmid = {30982122}, issn = {1432-1009}, support = {L16PG00147 and L15PG00136//Bureau of Land Management National Operations Center/ ; L16PG00147 and L15PG00136//Bureau of Land Management National Operations Center/ ; L16PG00147 and L15PG00136//Bureau of Land Management National Operations Center/ ; L15PG00230//Bureau of Land Management Montana/Dakotas State Office/ ; }, abstract = {The concept of ecological integrity has been applied widely to management of aquatic systems, but still is considered by many to be too vague and difficult to quantify to be useful for managing terrestrial systems, particularly across broad areas. Extensive public lands in the western United States are managed for diverse uses such as timber harvest, livestock grazing, energy development, and wildlife conservation, some of which may degrade ecological integrity. We propose a method for assessing ecological integrity on multiple-use lands that identifies the components of integrity and levels in the ecological hierarchy where the assessment will focus, and considers existing policies and management objectives. Both natural reference and societally desired environmental conditions are relevant comparison points. We applied the method to evaluate the ecological integrity of shrublands in Nevada, yielding an assessment based on six indicators of ecosystem structure, function, and composition, including resource- and stressor-based indicators measured at multiple scales. Results varied spatially and among indicators. Invasive plant cover and surface development were highest in shrublands in northwest and southeast Nevada. Departure from reference conditions of shrubland area, composition, patch size, and connectivity was highest in central and northern Nevada. Results may inform efforts to control invasive species and restore shrublands on federal lands in Nevada. We suggest that ecological integrity assessments for multiple-use lands be grounded in existing policies and monitoring programs, incorporate resource- and stressor-based metrics, rely on publicly available data collected at multiple spatial scales, and quantify both natural reference and societally desired resource conditions.}, }
@article {pmid30980778, year = {2019}, author = {Bay, RA and Taylor, EB and Schluter, D}, title = {Parallel introgression and selection on introduced alleles in a native species.}, journal = {Molecular ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/mec.15097}, pmid = {30980778}, issn = {1365-294X}, abstract = {As humans cause the redistribution of species ranges, hybridization between previously allopatric species is on the rise. Such hybridization can have complex effects on overall fitness of native species as new allelic combinations are tested. Widespread species introductions provide a unique opportunity to study selection on introgressed alleles in independent, replicated populations. We examined selection on alleles that repeatedly introgressed from introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) into native westslope cutthroat trout (O. clarkii lewisi) populations in western Canada. We found that degree of introgression of individual SNPs from the invasive species into the native is correlated between independent watersheds. A number of rainbow trout alleles have repeatedly swept to high frequency in native populations, suggesting parallel adaptive advantages. Using simulations, we estimated large selection coefficients up to 0.05 favoring several rainbow trout alleles in the native background. Although previous studies have found reduced hybrid fitness and genome-wide resistance to introgression in westslope cutthroat trout, our results suggest that some introduced genomic regions are strongly favored by selection. Our study demonstrates the utility of replicated introductions as case studies for understanding parallel adaptation and the interactions between selection and introgression across the genome. We suggest that understanding this variation, including consideration of beneficial alleles, can inform management strategies for hybridizing species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid30979963, year = {2019}, author = {Singer, GAC and Fahner, NA and Barnes, JG and McCarthy, A and Hajibabaei, M}, title = {Comprehensive biodiversity analysis via ultra-deep patterned flow cell technology: a case study of eDNA metabarcoding seawater.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {5991}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-42455-9}, pmid = {30979963}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {The characterization of biodiversity is a crucial element of ecological investigations as well as environmental assessment and monitoring activities. Increasingly, amplicon-based environmental DNA metabarcoding (alternatively, marker gene metagenomics) is used for such studies given its ability to provide biodiversity data from various groups of organisms simply from analysis of bulk environmental samples such as water, soil or sediments. The Illumina MiSeq is currently the most popular tool for carrying out this work, but we set out to determine whether typical studies were reading enough DNA to detect rare organisms (i.e., those that may be of greatest interest such as endangered or invasive species) present in the environment. We collected sea water samples along two transects in Conception Bay, Newfoundland and analyzed them on the MiSeq with a sequencing depth of 100,000 reads per sample (exceeding the 60,000 per sample that is typical of similar studies). We then analyzed these same samples on Illumina's newest high-capacity platform, the NovaSeq, at a depth of 7 million reads per sample. Not surprisingly, the NovaSeq detected many more taxa than the MiSeq thanks to its much greater sequencing depth. However, contrary to our expectations this pattern was true even in depth-for-depth comparisons. In other words, the NovaSeq can detect more DNA sequence diversity within samples than the MiSeq, even at the exact same sequencing depth. Even when samples were reanalyzed on the MiSeq with a sequencing depth of 1 million reads each, the MiSeq's ability to detect new sequences plateaued while the NovaSeq continued to detect new sequence variants. These results have important biological implications. The NovaSeq found 40% more metazoan families in this environment than the MiSeq, including some of interest such as marine mammals and bony fish so the real-world implications of these findings are significant. These results are most likely associated to the advances incorporated in the NovaSeq, especially a patterned flow cell, which prevents similar sequences that are neighbours on the flow cell (common in metabarcoding studies) from being erroneously merged into single spots by the sequencing instrument. This study sets the stage for incorporating eDNA metabarcoding in comprehensive analysis of oceanic samples in a wide range of ecological and environmental investigations.}, }
@article {pmid30976920, year = {2019}, author = {Nikolic, B and Josic, P and Buric, D and Tkalec, M and Lisicic, D and Blazevic, SA and Hranilovic, D}, title = {Coexisting lacertid lizard species Podarcis siculus and Podarcis melisellensis differ in dopamine brain concentrations.}, journal = {Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00359-019-01335-3}, pmid = {30976920}, issn = {1432-1351}, support = {UniZg PP0031//University of Zagreb/ ; }, abstract = {In the eastern Adriatic, Podarcis siculus, an invasive species, competitively excludes the native Podarcis melisellensis. Monoamine neurotransmitters-serotonin (5HT), dopamine (DA), and noradrenaline (NA)-are implicated in social behavior, and could lie at the basis of the direct behavioral interference of P. siculus with P. melisellensis. To understand the relationship between social behavior and monoamines, as well as the differences in behavior between P. siculus and P. melisellensis, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (UV/VIS detection) method with which we were able to reliably measure concentrations of 5HT, DA, and NA in 32 brains of the two lizard species. We observed no statistically significant influence of species, sex, or their interaction on brain NA and 5HT concentrations. Statistically significant influence of species on dopamine levels were recorded, with P. siculus having twice as much dopamine in their brains. Taking into account that a significant aggressive relationship, with P. siculus dominating over P. melisellensis, has been previously observed, and that dopamine directly influences this behavior, the observed differences in dopamine levels could represent a trait in these species and may contribute to the competitive exclusion of P. melisellensis by P. siculus in the eastern Adriatic.}, }
@article {pmid30976309, year = {2019}, author = {Hopper, JV and McCue, KF and Pratt, PD and Duchesne, P and Grosholz, ED and Hufbauer, RA}, title = {Into the weeds: Matching importation history to genetic consequences and pathways in two widely used biological control agents.}, journal = {Evolutionary applications}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, pages = {773-790}, doi = {10.1111/eva.12755}, pmid = {30976309}, issn = {1752-4571}, abstract = {The intentional introduction of exotic species through classical biological control programs provides unique opportunities to examine the consequences of population movement and ecological processes for the genetic diversity and population structure of introduced species. The weevils Neochetina bruchi and N. eichhorniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) have been introduced globally to control the invasive floating aquatic weed, Eichhornia crassipes, with variable outcomes. Here, we use the importation history and data from polymorphic microsatellite markers to examine the effects of introduction processes on population genetic diversity and structure. We report the first confirmation of hybridization between these species, which could have important consequences for the biological control program. For both species, there were more rare alleles in weevils from the native range than in weevils from the introduced range. N. eichhorniae also had higher allelic richness in the native range than in the introduced range. Neither the number of individuals initially introduced nor the number of introduction steps appeared to consistently affect genetic diversity. We found evidence of genetic drift, inbreeding, and admixture in several populations as well as significant population structure. Analyses estimated two populations and 11 sub-clusters for N. bruchi and four populations and 23 sub-clusters for N. eichhorniae, indicating divergence of populations during and after introduction. Genetic differentiation and allocation of introduced populations to source populations generally supported the documented importation history and clarified pathways in cases where multiple introductions occurred. In populations with multiple introductions, genetic admixture may have buffered against the negative effects of serial bottlenecks on genetic diversity. The genetic data combined with the introduction history from this biological control study system provide insight on the accuracy of predicting introduction pathways from genetic data and the consequences of these pathways for the genetic variation and structure of introduced species.}, }
@article {pmid30975413, year = {2019}, author = {Lau, ETC and Leung, KMY and Karraker, NE}, title = {Native amphibian larvae exhibit higher upper thermal limits but lower performance than their introduced predator Gambusia affinis.}, journal = {Journal of thermal biology}, volume = {81}, number = {}, pages = {154-161}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.02.014}, pmid = {30975413}, issn = {0306-4565}, abstract = {Information on the thermal limits and physiology of ectothermic amphibians is crucial to our understanding of their ecology in the natural environment, particularly with predicted global changes in climate. We documented the thermal limits of larvae of three amphibian species native to Hong Kong, and their introduced, invasive predator, the mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). We then used larvae of the brown tree frog Polypedates megacephalus as a model amphibian to further investigate growth, oxygen consumption rate and heat shock protein expression with changes in thermal regime. We found that G. affinis was the most tolerant of low temperatures but also the least tolerant of high temperatures. Despite the higher thermal tolerance of the amphibian larvae, further investigation on P. megacephalus demonstrated that optimal temperatures for physiological performance fall within a range of 18.0-21.6 °C, which is far lower than its upper thermal limit, implying that thermal stress occurs during part of the larval stage under natural environmental conditions. This could mean a reduction in their capacity to deal with other stressors such as pollution and predators, and that G. affinis may have an advantage over native amphibians.}, }
@article {pmid30974355, year = {2019}, author = {Liu, YY and Sun, Y and Müller-Schärer, H and Yan, R and Zhou, ZX and Wang, YJ and Yu, FH}, title = {Do invasive alien plants response differ from non-invasives in dominance and nitrogen uptake to variation of abiotic and biotic environments under global anthropogenic change?.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {672}, number = {}, pages = {634-642}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.024}, pmid = {30974355}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Plant invasion is the outcome of complicated interactions of both biotic and abiotic environments (i.e. eutrophication and human-induced propagules) under global anthropogenic change. Here, we want to know why some alien clonal plant species become invasive and others do not in the introduced range with variations of both abiotic and biotic environments under global anthropogenic change. We selected three invasive alien and three co-occurring, non-invasive alien clonal plant species in China, and grew them under the constant or variable soil nutrient environments in a native community with low or high vegetative propagule pressure (i.e. simulating pressure of anthropogenic alien propagules). Invasive alien species produced more biomass than non-invasives. Interestingly, invasive species benefited significantly greater from high propagule pressure than non-invasives. Biomass and evenness of native communities were greater with non-invasive than with invasive target species. Invasive plants showed a greater increase of leaf N and decrease of leaf C: N ratio when subject to variable nutrients in comparison to constant nutrients than non-invasives. The negative effects of variable nutrients on evenness of native communities were significantly greater under invasive than non-invasive target species. Moreover, biomass of native communities was significantly negatively related to biomass of invasive species. Variable nutrients significantly promoted the negative biomass relationship between non-invasive species and native communities under high propagule pressure and the negative biomass-evenness relationship between invasive species and native communities. Our study suggests that soil nutrient variability and vegetative propagule pressure influence the growth and leaf C and N uptake of alien clonal plant species in native experimental communities, especially under the high propagule pressure and nutrient variability. Invasive alien clonal species have higher performance and advantages over non-invasives. Future studies should also test the mechanisms that invasive and non-invasive or native plants differ in native communities of native or introduced ranges in the field.}, }
@article {pmid30974048, year = {2019}, author = {Castro-Díez, P and Vaz, AS and Silva, JS and van Loo, M and Alonso, Á and Aponte, C and Bayón, Á and Bellingham, PJ and Chiuffo, MC and DiManno, N and Julian, K and Kandert, S and Porta, N and Marchante, H and Maule, HG and Mayfield, MM and Metcalfe, D and Monteverdi, MC and Núñez, MA and Ostertag, R and Parker, IM and Peltzer, DA and Potgieter, LJ and Raymundo, M and Rayome, D and Reisman-Berman, O and Richardson, DM and Roos, RE and Saldaña, A and Shackleton, RT and Torres, A and Trudgen, M and Urban, J and Vicente, JR and Vilà, M and Ylioja, T and Zenni, RD and Godoy, O}, title = {Global effects of non-native tree species on multiple ecosystem services.}, journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/brv.12511}, pmid = {30974048}, issn = {1469-185X}, support = {FP1403 NNEXT and TD1209 Alien Challenge//COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)/ ; CGL2015-65346-R//IMPLANTIN project of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad/ ; REMEDINAL3-CM MAE-2719//Comunidad de Madrid/ ; PD/BD/ 52600/2014//FSE/MEC and FCT/ ; SFRH/ PD/84044/2012//POPH/FSE and FCT (Post-Doc grant)/ ; 661118-BioFUNC//EU H2020 research and innovation program (Marie Sklodowska-Curie/ ; }, abstract = {Non-native tree (NNT) species have been transported worldwide to create or enhance services that are fundamental for human well-being, such as timber provision, erosion control or ornamental value; yet NNTs can also produce undesired effects, such as fire proneness or pollen allergenicity. Despite the variety of effects that NNTs have on multiple ecosystem services, a global quantitative assessment of their costs and benefits is still lacking. Such information is critical for decision-making, management and sustainable exploitation of NNTs. We present here a global assessment of NNT effects on the three main categories of ecosystem services, including regulating (RES), provisioning (PES) and cultural services (CES), and on an ecosystem disservice (EDS), i.e. pollen allergenicity. By searching the scientific literature, country forestry reports, and social media, we compiled a global data set of 1683 case studies from over 125 NNT species, covering 44 countries, all continents but Antarctica, and seven biomes. Using different meta-analysis techniques, we found that, while NNTs increase most RES (e.g. climate regulation, soil erosion control, fertility and formation), they decrease PES (e.g. NNTs contribute less than native trees to global timber provision). Also, they have different effects on CES (e.g. increase aesthetic values but decrease scientific interest), and no effect on the EDS considered. NNT effects on each ecosystem (dis)service showed a strong context dependency, varying across NNT types, biomes and socio-economic conditions. For instance, some RES are increased more by NNTs able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, and when the ecosystem is located in low-latitude biomes; some CES are increased more by NNTs in less-wealthy countries or in countries with higher gross domestic products. The effects of NNTs on several ecosystem (dis)services exhibited some synergies (e.g. among soil fertility, soil formation and climate regulation or between aesthetic values and pollen allergenicity), but also trade-offs (e.g. between fire regulation and soil erosion control). Our analyses provide a quantitative understanding of the complex synergies, trade-offs and context dependencies involved for the effects of NNTs that is essential for attaining a sustained provision of ecosystem services.}, }
@article {pmid30972253, year = {2019}, author = {Villaseñor-Derbez, JC and Fitzgerald, S}, title = {Spatial variation in allometric growth of invasive lionfish has management implications.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {e6667}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.6667}, pmid = {30972253}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {Lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) are an invasive species in the Western Atlantic and the Caribbean. Improving management of invasive lionfish populations requires accurate total biomass estimates, which depend on accurate estimates of allometric growth; sedentary species like lionfish often exhibit high levels of spatial variation in life history characteristics. We reviewed 17 published length-weight relationships for lionfish taken throughout their invasive range and found regional differences that led to significant misestimates when calculating weight from length observations. The spatial pattern we observed is consistent with findings from other studies focused on genetics or length-at-age. Here, the use of ex situ parameter values resulted in total biomass estimates between 76.2% and 140% of true observed biomass, and up to a threefold under- or overestimation of total weight for an individual organism. These findings can have implications for management in terms of predicting effects on local ecosystems, evaluating the effectiveness of removal programs, or estimating biomass available for harvest.}, }
@article {pmid30967022, year = {2019}, author = {Zhang, W and Zhao, L and Zhou, J and Yu, H and Zhang, C and Lv, Y and Lin, Z and Hu, S and Zou, Z and Sun, J}, title = {Enhancement of oxidative stress contributes to increased pathogenicity of the invasive pine wood nematode.}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences}, volume = {374}, number = {1767}, pages = {20180323}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2018.0323}, pmid = {30967022}, issn = {1471-2970}, abstract = {Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in defence response of host plants versus pathogens. While generation and detoxification of ROS is well understood, how varied ability of different isolates of pathogens to overcome host ROS, or ROS contribution to a particular isolate's pathogenicity, remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that transcriptional regulation of the ROS pathway, in combination with the insulin pathway, increases the pathogenicity of invasive species Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The results showed a positive correlation between fecundity and pathogenicity of different nematode isolates. The virulent isolates from introduced populations in Japan, China and Europe had significantly higher fecundity than native avirulent isolates from the USA. Increased expression of Mn-SOD and reduced expression of catalase/ GPX-5 and H2O2 accumulation during invasion are associated with virulent strains. Additional H2O2 could improve fecundity of Bu. xylophilus. Furthermore, depletion of Mn-SOD decreased fecundity and virulence of Bu. xylophilus, while the insulin pathway is significantly affected. Thus, we propose that destructive pathogenicity of Bu. xylophilus to pines is partly owing to upregulated fecundity modulated by the insulin pathway in association with the ROS pathway and further enhanced by H2O2 oxidative stress. These findings provide a better understanding of pathogenic mechanisms in plant-pathogen interactions and adaptive evolution of invasive species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management'.}, }
@article {pmid30963867, year = {2019}, author = {Goldstein, J and Park, J and Haran, M and Liebhold, A and Bjørnstad, ON}, title = {Quantifying spatio-temporal variation of invasion spread.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1894}, pages = {20182294}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.2294}, pmid = {30963867}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {- The spread of invasive species can have far-reaching environmental and ecological consequences. Understanding invasion spread patterns and the underlying process driving invasions are key to predicting and managing invasions. - We combine a set of statistical methods in a novel way to characterize local spread properties and demonstrate their application using simulated and historical data on invasive insects. Our method uses a Gaussian process fit to the surface of waiting times to invasion in order to characterize the vector field of spread. - Using this method, we estimate with statistical uncertainties the speed and direction of spread at each location. Simulations from a stratified diffusion model verify the accuracy of our method. - We show how we may link local rates of spread to environmental covariates for two case studies: the spread of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), and hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) in North America. We provide an R-package that automates the calculations for any spatially referenced waiting time data.}, }
@article {pmid30963843, year = {2019}, author = {McNew, SM and Knutie, SA and Goodman, GB and Theodosopoulos, A and Saulsberry, A and Yépez R, J and Bush, SE and Clayton, DH}, title = {Annual environmental variation influences host tolerance to parasites.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1897}, pages = {20190049}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.0049}, pmid = {30963843}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {When confronted with a parasite or pathogen, hosts can defend themselves by resisting or tolerating the attack. While resistance can be diminished when resources are limited, it is unclear how robust tolerance is to changes in environmental conditions. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of tolerance in a single host population living in a highly variable environment. We manipulated the abundance of an invasive parasitic fly, Philornis downsi, in nests of Galápagos mockingbirds (Mimus parvulus) over four field seasons and measured host fitness in response to parasitism. Mockingbird tolerance to P. downsi varied significantly among years and decreased when rainfall was limited. Video observations indicate that parental provisioning of nestlings appears key to tolerance: in drought years, mockingbirds likely do not have sufficient resources to compensate for the effects of P. downsi. These results indicate that host tolerance is a labile trait and suggest that environmental variation plays a major role in mediating the consequences of host-parasite interactions.}, }
@article {pmid30963839, year = {2019}, author = {Vera-Escalona, I and Habit, E and Ruzzante, DE}, title = {Invasive species and postglacial colonization: their effects on the genetic diversity of a Patagonian fish.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1897}, pages = {20182567}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.2567}, pmid = {30963839}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {The present distribution of Patagonian species is the result of a complex history involving Quaternary refugial populations, Holocene range expansions and demographic changes occurring during the Anthropocene. Invasive salmonids were introduced in Patagonia during the last century, occupying most rivers and lakes, preying on and competing with native species, including the fish Galaxias platei. Here, we used G. platei as a case study to understand how long-term (i.e. population differentiation during the Holocene) and short-term historical processes (salmonid introductions) affect genetic diversity. Using a suite of microsatellite markers, we found that the number of alleles is negatively correlated with the presence of salmonids (short-term processes), with G. platei populations from lakes with salmonids exhibiting significantly lower genetic diversity than populations from lakes without salmonids. Simulations (100 years backwards) showed that this difference in genetic diversity can be explained by a 99% reduction in population size. Allelic richness and observed heterozygosities were also negatively correlated with the presence of salmonids, but also positively correlated with long-term processes linked to Quaternary glaciations. Our results show how different genetic parameters can help identify processes taking place at different scales and their importance in terms of conservation.}, }
@article {pmid30963838, year = {2019}, author = {Nunes, AL and Fill, JM and Davies, SJ and Louw, M and Rebelo, AD and Thorp, CJ and Vimercati, G and Measey, J}, title = {A global meta-analysis of the ecological impacts of alien species on native amphibians.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1897}, pages = {20182528}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.2528}, pmid = {30963838}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {The exponential increase in species introductions during the Anthropocene has brought about a major loss of biodiversity. Amphibians have suffered large declines, with more than 16% considered to be threatened by invasive species. We conducted a global meta-analysis of the impacts of alien species on native amphibians to determine which aspects of amphibian ecology are most affected by plant, invertebrate, fish, amphibian, reptile, or mammal introductions. Measures of fitness were most strongly affected; amphibian performance was consistently lower in the presence of alien species. While exposure to alien species caused a significant decrease in amphibian behavioural activity when compared with a no species control, this response was stronger towards a control of native impacting species. This indicates a high degree of prey naiveté towards alien species and highlights the importance of using different types of controls in empirical studies. Alien invertebrates had the greatest overall impact on amphibians. This study sets a new agenda for research on biological invasions, highlighting the lack of studies investigating the impacts of alien species on amphibian terrestrial life-history stages. It also emphasizes the strong ecological impacts that alien species have on amphibian fitness and suggests that future introductions or global spread of alien invertebrates could strongly exacerbate current amphibian declines.}, }
@article {pmid30963833, year = {2019}, author = {Gallien, L and Thornhill, AH and Zurell, D and Miller, JT and Richardson, DM}, title = {Global predictors of alien plant establishment success: combining niche and trait proxies.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1897}, pages = {20182477}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.2477}, pmid = {30963833}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {Biological invasions are on the rise globally. To reduce future invasions, it is imperative to determine the naturalization potential of species. Until now, screening approaches have relied largely on species-specific functional feature data. Such information is, however, time-consuming and expensive to collect, thwarting the screening of large numbers of potential invaders. We propose to resolve such data limitations by developing indicators of establishment success of alien species that can be readily derived from open-access databases. These indicators describe key features of successfully established aliens, including estimates of potential range size, niche overlap with human-disturbed environments, and proxies of species traits related to their palaeoinvasions and local dominance capacities. We demonstrate the utility of this new approach by applying it to two large and highly invasive plant groups: Australian acacias and eucalypts. Our results show that these indicators robustly predict establishment successes and failures in each clade independently, and that they can cross-predict establishment in these two clades. Interestingly, the indicator identified as most important was species potential range size on Earth, a variable too rarely considered as a predictor. By successfully identifying key features that predispose Australian plants to naturalize, we provide an objective and cost-effective protocol for flagging high-risk introductions.}, }
@article {pmid30963829, year = {2019}, author = {Hung, KJ and Kingston, JM and Lee, A and Holway, DA and Kohn, JR}, title = {Non-native honey bees disproportionately dominate the most abundant floral resources in a biodiversity hotspot.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1897}, pages = {20182901}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.2901}, pmid = {30963829}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {Most plant-pollinator mutualisms are generalized. As such, they are susceptible to perturbation by abundant, generalist, non-native pollinators such as the western honey bee (Apis mellifera), which can reach high abundances and visit flowers of many plant species in their expansive introduced range. Despite the prevalence of non-native honey bees, their effects on pollination mutualisms in natural ecosystems remain incompletely understood. Here, we contrast community-level patterns of floral visitation by honey bees with that of the diverse native pollinator fauna of southern California, USA. We show that the number of honey bees visiting plant species increases much more rapidly with flower abundance than does that of non-honey bee insects, such that the percentage of all visitors represented by honey bees increases with flower abundance. Thus, honey bees could disproportionately impact the most abundantly blooming plant species and the large numbers of both specialized and generalized pollinator species that they sustain. Honey bees may preferentially exploit high-abundance floral resources because of their ability to recruit nest-mates; these foraging patterns may cause native insect species to forage on lower-abundance resources to avoid competition. Our results illustrate the importance of understanding foraging patterns of introduced pollinators in order to reveal their ecological impacts.}, }
@article {pmid30963824, year = {2019}, author = {Brandenburger, CR and Sherwin, WB and Creer, SM and Buitenwerf, R and Poore, AGB and Frankham, R and Finnerty, PB and Moles, AT}, title = {Rapid reshaping: the evolution of morphological changes in an introduced beach daisy.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1897}, pages = {20181713}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.1713}, pmid = {30963824}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {Thousands of species have been introduced to new ranges worldwide. These introductions provide opportunities for researchers to study evolutionary changes in form and function in response to new environmental conditions. However, almost all previous studies of morphological change in introduced species have compared introduced populations to populations from across the species' native range, so variation within native ranges probably confounds estimates of evolutionary change. In this study, we used microsatellites to locate the source population for the beach daisy Arctotheca populifolia that had been introduced to eastern Australia. We then compared four introduced populations from Australia with their original South African source population in a common-environment experiment. Despite being separated for less than 100 years, source and introduced populations of A. populifolia display substantial heritable morphological differences. Contrary to the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis, introduced plants were shorter than source plants, and introduced and source plants did not differ in total biomass. Contrary to predictions based on higher rainfall in the introduced range, introduced plants had smaller, thicker leaves than source plants. Finally, while source plants develop lobed adult leaves, introduced plants retain their spathulate juvenile leaf shape into adulthood. These changes indicate that rapid evolution in introduced species happens, but not always in the direction predicted by theory.}, }
@article {pmid30963692, year = {2019}, author = {Erickson, RA and Merkes, CM and Mize, EL}, title = {Sampling designs for landscape-level eDNA monitoring programs.}, journal = {Integrated environmental assessment and management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ieam.4155}, pmid = {30963692}, issn = {1551-3793}, abstract = {Effective natural resources management requires accurate information about species distributions. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a commonly used method to determine species presence and distribution. However, when understanding eDNA-based distribution data, managers must contend with imperfect detection in collection samples and subsamples (i.e. molecular analyses) impacting their ability to detect species and estimate occurrence. Occurrence models can estimate 3 probabilities: occurrence, capture, and eDNA detection. However, most occurrence models do not. To quantify imperfect detection in rare versus common species, we examined multiple field capture and detection probabilities. We studied this with 3 objectives: Determine sample sizes required to detect eDNA given imperfect detection, determine sample sizes required to estimate eDNA capture parameters, and examine performance of a 3-level occurrence model. We found detecting eDNA in ≥1 sample at a site required ≤15 samples per site for common species, but detecting eDNA when looking for rare species required 45-90 samples per site. Our occurrence model recovered known parameters unless capture and detection probabilities were <0.2 where >100 samples per site and ≥8 molecular replicates were required. Our findings illustrate the importance of sample size and molecular replication for eDNA-based work. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid30962894, year = {2019}, author = {Bors, EK and Herrera, S and Morris, JA and Shank, TM}, title = {Population genomics of rapidly invading lionfish in the Caribbean reveals signals of range expansion in the absence of spatial population structure.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {6}, pages = {3306-3320}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.4952}, pmid = {30962894}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Range expansions driven by global change and species invasions may have significant genomic, evolutionary, and ecological implications. During range expansions, strong genetic drift characterized by repeated founder events can result in decreased genetic diversity with increased distance from the center of the historic range, or the point of invasion. The invasion of the Indo-Pacific lionfish, Pterois volitans, into waters off the US East Coast, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea provides a natural system to study rapid range expansion in an invasive marine fish with high dispersal capabilities. We report results from 12,759 single nucleotide polymorphism loci sequenced by restriction enzyme-associated DNA sequencing for nine P. volitans sampling areas in the invaded range, including Florida and other sites throughout the Caribbean, as well as mitochondrial control region D-loop data. Analyses revealed low to no spatially explicit metapopulation genetic structure, which is partly consistent with previous finding of little structure within ocean basins, but partly divergent from initial reports of between-basin structure. Genetic diversity, however, was not homogeneous across all sampled sites. Patterns of genetic diversity correlate with invasion pathway. Observed heterozygosity, averaged across all loci within a population, decreases with distance from Florida while expected heterozygosity is mostly constant in sampled populations, indicating population genetic disequilibrium correlated with distance from the point of invasion. Using an FST outlier analysis and a Bayesian environmental correlation analysis, we identified 256 and 616 loci, respectively, that could be experiencing selection or genetic drift. Of these, 24 loci were shared between the two methods.}, }
@article {pmid30962883, year = {2019}, author = {Watts, AM and Hopkins, GA and Goldstien, SJ}, title = {Chimerism and population dieback alter genetic inference related to invasion pathways and connectivity of biofouling populations on artificial substrata.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {6}, pages = {3089-3104}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.4817}, pmid = {30962883}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {Disentangling pathways by which nonindigenous species expand and spread regionally remains challenging. Molecular ecology tools are often employed to determine the origins and spread of introduced species, but the complexities of some organisms may be reducing the efficacy of these tools. Some colonial species exhibit complexities by way of chimerism and winter colony regression, which may alter the genetic diversity of populations and mask the connectivity occurring among them. This study uses nuclear microsatellite data and simple GIS-based modeling to investigate the influence of chimerism and winter regression on the genetic diversity and patterns of genetic population connectivity among colonies of Didemnum vexillum on artificial substrates. Colonies sampled in summer were shown to form a metapopulation, with high levels of admixture, extreme outcrossing, and some substructure. These patterns were consistent within the subsampled winter colonies and with the inclusion of chimeric data. However, allelic richness and diversity were significantly different between winter and summer samples, altering interpretations relating to population connectivity and pelagic larval duration. This study demonstrates the importance of including seasonal sampling and imperative life history traits in genetic studies for clear interpretations and the successful management of introduced species.}, }
@article {pmid30962470, year = {2019}, author = {Lester, PJ and Buick, KH and Baty, JW and Felden, A and Haywood, J}, title = {Different bacterial and viral pathogens trigger distinct immune responses in a globally invasive ant.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {5780}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-41843-5}, pmid = {30962470}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Invasive species populations periodically collapse from high to low abundance, sometimes even to extinction. Pathogens and the burden they place on invader immune systems have been hypothesised as a mechanism for these collapses. We examined the association of the bacterial pathogen (Pseudomonas spp.) and the viral community with immune gene expression in the globally invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile (Mayr)). RNA-seq analysis found evidence for 17 different viruses in Argentine ants from New Zealand, including three bacteriophages with one (Pseudomonas phage PS-1) likely to be attacking the bacterial host. Pathogen loads and prevalence varied immensely. Transcriptomic data showed that immune gene expression was consistent with respect to the viral classification of negative-sense, positive-sense and double-stranded RNA viruses. Genes that were the most strongly associated with the positive-sense RNA viruses such as the Linepithema humile virus 1 (LHUV-1) and the Deformed wing virus (DWV) were peptide recognition proteins assigned to the Toll and Imd pathways. We then used principal components analysis and regression modelling to determine how RT-qPCR derived immune gene expression levels were associated with viral and bacterial loads. Argentine ants mounted a substantial immune response to both Pseudomonas and LHUV-1 infections, involving almost all immune pathways. Other viruses including DWV and the Kashmir bee virus appeared to have much less immunological influence. Different pathogens were associated with varying immunological responses, which we hypothesize to interact with and influence the invasion dynamics of this species.}, }
@article {pmid30961824, year = {2019}, author = {Dias, GB and do Amaral, RB and Gatto, IRH and Lapera, IM and de Oliveira, LG and Lux Hoppe, EG and Machado, RZ and André, MR}, title = {Molecular detection of Mycoplasma suis in captive white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) and wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Brazil.}, journal = {Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases}, volume = {63}, number = {}, pages = {94-96}, doi = {10.1016/j.cimid.2019.01.013}, pmid = {30961824}, issn = {1878-1667}, abstract = {Mycoplasma suis, the etiological agent of swine hemoplasmosis, is an epicellular bacterium that adheres to the surface of pig erythrocytes leading to deformations of the target cells. Little is known about the occurrence of M. suis in wild swine populations around the world, its economic impact on swine herds, and the risk of human infection. The aim of this study was to investigate, by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) based on the 16S rRNA gene, the occurrence of M. suis in a captive population of white-lipped peccaries (100 Tayassu pecari) and in free-living wild boars (14 Sus scrofa) in Brazil. None of the white-lipped peccaries were positive for M. suis, whereas seven (50%) wild boars were positive in qPCR assays. The quantification of M. suis-16S rRNA copies/μL ranged from 1.42 × 10° to 3.906 × 101 in positive animals, indicating a low bacteremia and a chronic carrier status in free-living wild boars. In conclusion, M. suis might be a non-frequent pathogen in wild suids maintained in captivity. Despite the low bacteremia, the prevalence of M. suis in wild boar population in Brazil seems to be high.}, }
@article {pmid30956539, year = {2018}, author = {Gomes, SIF and Merckx, VSFT and Hynson, NA}, title = {Biological invasions increase the richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from a Hawaiian subtropical ecosystem.}, journal = {Biological invasions}, volume = {20}, number = {9}, pages = {2421-2437}, doi = {10.1007/s10530-018-1710-7}, pmid = {30956539}, issn = {1387-3547}, abstract = {Biological invasions can have various impacts on the diversity of important microbial mutualists such as mycorrhizal fungi, but few studies have tested whether the effects of invasions on mycorrhizal diversity are consistent across spatial gradients. Furthermore, few of these studies have taken place in tropical ecosystems that experience an inordinate rate of invasions into native habitats. Here, we examined the effects of plant invasions dominated by non-native tree species on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in Hawaii. To test the hypothesis that invasions result in consistent changes in AM fungal diversity across spatial gradients relative to native forest habitats, we sampled soil in paired native and invaded sites from three watersheds and used amplicon sequencing to characterize AM fungal communities. Whether our analyses considered phylogenetic relatedness or not, we found that invasions consistently increased the richness of AM fungi. However, AM fungal species composition was not related to invasion status of the vegetation nor local environment, but stratified by watershed. Our results suggest that while invasions can lead to an overall increase in the diversity of microbial mutualists, the effects of plant host identity or geographic structuring potentially outweigh those of invasive species in determining the community membership of AM fungi. Thus, host specificity and spatial factors such as dispersal need to be taken into consideration when examining the effects of biological invasions on symbiotic microbes.}, }
@article {pmid30956538, year = {2018}, author = {Shi, J and Macel, M and Tielbörger, K and Verhoeven, KJF}, title = {Effects of admixture in native and invasive populations of Lythrum salicaria.}, journal = {Biological invasions}, volume = {20}, number = {9}, pages = {2381-2393}, doi = {10.1007/s10530-018-1707-2}, pmid = {30956538}, issn = {1387-3547}, abstract = {Intraspecific hybridization between diverged populations can enhance fitness via various genetic mechanisms. The benefits of such admixture have been proposed to be particularly relevant in biological invasions, when invasive populations originating from different source populations are found sympatrically. However, it remains poorly understood if admixture is an important contributor to plant invasive success and how admixture effects compare between invasive and native ranges. Here, we used experimental crosses in Lythrum salicaria, a species with well-established history of multiple introductions to Eastern North America, to quantify and compare admixture effects in native European and invasive North American populations. We observed heterosis in between-population crosses both in native and invasive ranges. However, invasive-range heterosis was restricted to crosses between two different Eastern and Western invasion fronts, whereas heterosis was absent in geographically distant crosses within a single large invasion front. Our results suggest that multiple introductions have led to already-admixed invasion fronts, such that experimental crosses do not further increase performance, but that contact between different invasion fronts further enhances fitness after admixture. Thus, intra-continental movement of invasive plants in their introduced range has the potential to boost invasiveness even in well-established and successfully spreading invasive species.}, }
@article {pmid30958255, year = {2018}, author = {Adame, MF and Najera, E and Lovelock, CE and Brown, CJ}, title = {Avoided emissions and conservation of scrub mangroves: potential for a Blue Carbon project in the Gulf of California, Mexico.}, journal = {Biology letters}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {20180400}, doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2018.0400}, pmid = {30958255}, issn = {1744-957X}, abstract = {Mangroves are considered ideal ecosystems for Blue Carbon projects. However, because of their short stature, some mangroves ('scrub' mangroves, less than 2 m) do not fulfil the current definition of 'forests', which makes them ineligible for emission reduction programmes such as REDD+. Short stature mangroves can be the dominant form of mangroves in arid and nutrient-poor landscapes, and emissions from their deforestation and degradation could be substantial. Here, we describe a Blue Carbon project in the Gulf of California, Mexico, to illustrate that projects that avoid emissions from deforestation and degradation could provide financial resources to protect mangroves that cannot be included in other emission reduction programmes. The goal of the project is to protect 16 058 ha of mangroves through conservation concessions from the Mexican Federal Government. The cumulative avoided emissions of the project are 2.84 million Mg CO2 over 100 years, valued at $US 426 000 per year (US$15 per Mg CO2 in the California market). The funds could be used for community-based projects that will improve mangrove management, such as surveillance, eradication of invasive species, rehabilitation after tropical storms and environmental education. The strong institutional support, secure financial status, community engagement and clear project boundaries provide favourable conditions to implement this Blue Carbon project. Financial resources from Blue Carbon projects, even in mangroves of short stature, can provide substantial resources to enhance community resilience and mangrove protection.}, }
@article {pmid30958251, year = {2018}, author = {Silva, GG and Green, AJ and Weber, V and Hoffmann, P and Lovas-Kiss, Á and Stenert, C and Maltchik, L}, title = {Whole angiosperms Wolffia columbiana disperse by gut passage through wildfowl in South America.}, journal = {Biology letters}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {20180703}, doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2018.0703}, pmid = {30958251}, issn = {1744-957X}, abstract = {For the first time to our knowledge, we demonstrate that whole angiosperm individuals can survive gut passage through birds, and that this occurs in the field. Floating plants of the genus Wolffia are the smallest of all flowering plants. Fresh droppings of white-faced whistling duck Dendrocygna viduata (n = 49) and coscoroba swan Coscoroba coscoroba (n = 22) were collected from Brazilian wetlands. Intact Wolffia columbiana were recovered from 16% of D. viduata and 32% of Coscoroba samples (total = 164 plantlets). The viability of plants was tested, and asexual reproduction was confirmed. Wolffia columbiana is an expanding alien in Europe. Avian endozoochory of asexual angiosperm propagules may be an important, overlooked dispersal means for aquatic plants, and may contribute to the invasive character of alien species.}, }
@article {pmid30958218, year = {2019}, author = {Lehmann, P and Javal, M and Terblanche, JS}, title = {Oxygen limitation is not the cause of death during lethal heat exposure in an insect.}, journal = {Biology letters}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {20180701}, doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2018.0701}, pmid = {30958218}, issn = {1744-957X}, abstract = {Oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) is a controversial hypothesis claiming to explain variation in, and mechanistically determine, animal thermal limits. The lack of support from Insecta is typically argued to be a consequence of their high-performance respiratory systems. However, no studies have reported internal body oxygen levels during thermal ramping so it is unclear if changes in ambient gas are partially or fully offset by a compensatory respiratory system. Here we provide such an assessment by simultaneously recording haemolymph oxygen (pO2) levels-as an approximation of tissue oxygenation-while experimentally manipulating ambient oxygen and subjecting organisms to thermal extremes in a series of thermolimit respirometry experiments using pupae of the butterfly Pieris napi. The main results are that while P. napi undergo large changes in haemolymph pO2 that are positively correlated with experimental oxygen levels, haemolymph pO2 is similar pre- and post-death during thermal assays. OCLTT predicts that reduction in body oxygen level should lead to a reduction in CTmax. Despite finding the former, there was no change in CTmax across a wide range of body oxygen levels. Thus, we argue that oxygen availability is not a functional determinant of the upper thermal limits in pupae of P. napi.}, }
@article {pmid30955773, year = {2019}, author = {Gracia C, A and Rangel-Buitrago, N and Castro-Barros, JD}, title = {Non-native plant species in the Atlantico Department Coastal Dune Systems, Caribbean of Colombia: A new management challenge.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {141}, number = {}, pages = {603-610}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.009}, pmid = {30955773}, issn = {1879-3363}, abstract = {Although coastal dunes exhibit typical vegetation which involves species adapted to extreme environmental conditions, the mobilization and colonization by non-native species represents a challenge in its conservation and management. In this work, eight dune systems located along the Atlantico Department, Caribbean coast of Colombia were surveyed, finding within them the presence of two plant species recognized as invasive: Calotropis procera and Cryptostegia madagascariensis. The impacts of these two invasive plant species can be significant at all ecological levels in the dune systems. The above demands the implementation of urgent management actions. Eradication seems the optimal control alternative, however preventing invasive plant species from infesting new areas is more cost-effective and efficient than trying to restore the system after it is infested. Data presented in this paper is the first step in the future development of an early detection program in the study area.}, }
@article {pmid30950531, year = {2019}, author = {Roux, DJ and Kingsford, RT and Cook, CN and Carruthers, J and Dickson, K and Hockings, M}, title = {The case for embedding researchers in conservation agencies.}, journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/cobi.13324}, pmid = {30950531}, issn = {1523-1739}, abstract = {While protected areas represent a pivotal response to escalating anthropogenic threats, they face many pressures, inside and outside their boundaries. Amid these challenges, effective conservation needs to be guided by evidence-based decision-making supported by good mechanisms of knowledge exchange. While many different models promote knowledge exchange, we argue that embedding research scientists within conservation management agencies is best suited to supporting evidence-based conservation. From scarce literature on embedding as a model of knowledge exchange, and experiences from several continents, we set out: 1) the benefits of embedded science for effective evidence-based conservation within management agencies; 2) the challenges and opportunities associated with institutionalizing the embedding model; and 3) the research required to understand the effectiveness of embedding research scientists for evidence-based conservation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid30948550, year = {2019}, author = {Vizentin-Bugoni, J and Tarwater, CE and Foster, JT and Drake, DR and Gleditsch, JM and Hruska, AM and Kelley, JP and Sperry, JH}, title = {Structure, spatial dynamics, and stability of novel seed dispersal mutualistic networks in Hawai'i.}, journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, volume = {364}, number = {6435}, pages = {78-82}, doi = {10.1126/science.aau8751}, pmid = {30948550}, issn = {1095-9203}, abstract = {Increasing rates of human-caused species invasions and extinctions may reshape communities and modify the structure, dynamics, and stability of species interactions. To investigate how such changes affect communities, we performed multiscale analyses of seed dispersal networks on O'ahu, Hawai'i. Networks consisted exclusively of novel interactions, were largely dominated by introduced species, and exhibited specialized and modular structure at local and regional scales, despite high interaction dissimilarity across communities. Furthermore, the structure and stability of the novel networks were similar to native-dominated communities worldwide. Our findings suggest that shared evolutionary history is not a necessary process for the emergence of complex network structure, and interaction patterns may be highly conserved, regardless of species identity and environment. Introduced species can quickly become well integrated into novel networks, making restoration of native ecosystems more challenging than previously thought.}, }
@article {pmid30943222, year = {2019}, author = {Poole, JR and Bajer, PG}, title = {A small native predator reduces reproductive success of a large invasive fish as revealed by whole-lake experiments.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {e0214009}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0214009}, pmid = {30943222}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {The extent to which native fish communities might control the success of invasive fish has been of interest to ecologists, but it has been rarely addressed using experiments. We conducted an experiment in six small lakes in the Upper Mississippi Region to test the effects of a small native predator, bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) on the recruitment of a large, invasive fish, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Bluegills are predominant throughout the region and were previously shown to consume carp eggs and larvae. We stocked both lakes at each of our 3 sites with adult carp (spawners) and one lake at each site with bluegills. We repeated the experiment at two of the three sites for two consecutive years. In each lake we assessed the abundance of post-larval carp one month after spawning (backpack electrofishing surveys) and at the end of the season (mark-recapture). For each site/year combination, catch rate of post-larval carp was typically an order of magnitude higher in control than bluegill lakes, but it often declined quickly over time. The abundance of end-of-seasonal juveniles was significantly higher (no 95% CI overlap) in control lakes than in bluegill lakes, except for one pair of lakes during one year when both the control and bluegill lake had similar, low abundance of end-of-season carp. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that common carp recruitment is substantially reduced in habitats dominated by bluegills. We also suggest our results may be applicable to other species, and that managers should explore how predation on early life stages may control other invasive species.}, }
@article {pmid30940053, year = {2019}, author = {Cubas, J and Irl, SDH and Villafuerte, R and Bello-Rodríguez, V and Rodríguez-Luengo, JL and Del Arco, M and Martín-Esquivel, JL and González-Mancebo, JM}, title = {Endemic plant species are more palatable to introduced herbivores than non-endemics.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1900}, pages = {20190136}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.0136}, pmid = {30940053}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {Islands harbour a spectacular diversity and unique species composition. This uniqueness is mainly a result of endemic species that have evolved in situ in the absence of mammal herbivores. However, island endemism is under severe threat by introduced herbivores. We test the assumption that endemic species are particularly vulnerable to generalist introduced herbivores (European rabbit) using an unprecedented dataset covering an entire island with enormous topographic, climatic and biological diversity (Tenerife, Canary Islands). With increasing endemism, plant species are more heavily browsed by rabbits than non-endemic species with up to 67% of endemics being negatively impacted by browsing, indicating a dramatic lack of adaptation to mammal herbivory in endemics. Ecosystems with high per cent endemism are most heavily browsed, suggesting ecosystem-specific vulnerability to introduced herbivores, even within islands. Protection of global biodiversity caused by disproportionally high endemism on oceanic islands via ecosystem-specific herbivore control and eradication measures is of utmost importance.}, }
@article {pmid30937449, year = {2019}, author = {Shogren, CJ and Paine, TD}, title = {Host Plant Recognition and Performance of Klambothrips myopori (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) Across Myoporum Cultivars in Southern California.}, journal = {Journal of economic entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toz063}, pmid = {30937449}, issn = {1938-291X}, abstract = {Myoporum spp. (Lamiales: Scrophulariaceae) native to Australia and New Zealand have been introduced into North America and have been widely planted as shrubs and ground covers in the California urban landscape. The invasive thrips, Klambothrips myopori Mound and Morris, invaded California in 2005 and feed exclusively on Myoporum. However, some commercial cultivars have suffered extensive damage, whereas others have not. In field studies and laboratory feeding tests of six different potential host species or cultivars, Myoporum laetum and Myoporum 'Pacificum' were identified as most suitable host plants of K. myopori. In laboratory trials, K. myopori failed to complete development on M. 'Clean n Green' and M. 'Putah Creek'. Of the six varieties of Myoporum tested, K. myopori damage was only observed on M. laetum and M. 'Pacificum'. Although K. myopori can successfully colonize and reproduce on several varieties of Myoporum, they demonstrated a preference for M. laetum and M. 'Pacificum' in laboratory and field trials.}, }
@article {pmid30937222, year = {2019}, author = {Park, I and Jones, A and Mazer, SJ}, title = {PhenoForecaster: A software package for the prediction of flowering phenology.}, journal = {Applications in plant sciences}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {e01230}, doi = {10.1002/aps3.1230}, pmid = {30937222}, issn = {2168-0450}, abstract = {Premise of the Study: Predicting the flowering times of angiosperm taxa is a goal of mounting importance in the face of future climate change, with applications not only in plant biology and ecology, but also horticulture, agriculture, and invasive species management. To date, no tool is available to facilitate predictions of flowering phenology using multivariate phenoclimatic models. Such a tool is needed by researchers and other stakeholders who need to predict phenological activity, but are unfamiliar with phenoclimate modeling techniques. PhenoForecaster allows users of any background to conduct species-specific phenological predictions using an intuitive graphical interface and provides an estimate of each prediction's accuracy.<br><br>Methods and Results: Elastic net regression techniques were used to develop species-specific models capable of predicting the flowering dates of 2320 angiosperm species.<br><br>Conclusions: PhenoForecaster is the first stand-alone package to make phenological modeling directly accessible to users without the need for in-depth phenological observations.}, }
@article {pmid30936269, year = {2019}, author = {Treasure, AM and Chown, SL}, title = {Phenotypic plasticity in locomotor performance of a monophyletic group of weevils accords with the warmer is better hypothesis.}, journal = {The Journal of experimental biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.195255}, pmid = {30936269}, issn = {1477-9145}, abstract = {Ectotherms may respond to variable environmental conditions by altering their phenotypes. Phenotypic plasticity was initially thought to be beneficial to an organism's physiological fitness. Several alternative hypotheses, have, however, been proposed with growing empirical support. In this study, we test the full suite of hypotheses by investigating acclimation responses of locomotor performance for nine populations of five species of sub-Antarctic weevils, using static and fluctuating temperatures. Species showed typical locomotion thermal performance curves with temperature of the maximum speed (Topt) ranging between 22.3±1.7°C (mean±s.e.) and 31.1±0.7°C. For most species Topt was not affected by acclimation. For maximum speed (Umax), significant, positive effects of acclimation were found for all species except a supralittoral one. Individuals acclimated to 0°C showed much lower values than the other two acclimation treatments (15°C and fluctuating 0-15°C). Performance breadth (the index of the breadth of the curve, Tbr) typically showed little response to acclimation. None of the traits of the supralittoral species were affected by acclimation treatment. Responses to stable and fluctuating temperature treatments were similar. Our findings also revealed that the mean estimated activation energy 0.40±0.015 eV (mean±s.e.) was lower than for other herbivores, the category to which these weevils belong, suggesting that some form of compensation in the rate-temperature relationship may be evident. Thus, we typically found support for the warmer is better hypothesis for acclimation of locomotor performance, though some compensation is evident.}, }
@article {pmid30935004, year = {2019}, author = {Buddenbaum, H and Watt, MS and Scholten, RC and Hill, J}, title = {Preprocessing Ground-Based Visible/Near Infrared Imaging Spectroscopy Data Affected by Smile Effects.}, journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {19}, number = {7}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/s19071543}, pmid = {30935004}, issn = {1424-8220}, support = {50EE1530//Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie/ ; C09X1611//New Zealand Ministry for Business, Innovation, and Employment/ ; }, abstract = {A data set of very high-resolution visible/near infrared hyperspectral images of young Pinus contorta trees was recorded to study the effects of herbicides on this invasive species. The camera was fixed on a frame while the potted trees were moved underneath on a conveyor belt. To account for changing illumination conditions, a white reference bar was included at the edge of each image line. Conventional preprocessing of the images, i.e., dividing measured values by values from the white reference bar in the same image line, failed and resulted in bad quality spectra with oscillation patterns that are most likely due to wavelength shifts across the sensor's field of view (smile effect). An additional hyperspectral data set of a Spectralon white reference panel could be used to characterize and correct the oscillations introduced by the division, resulting in a high quality spectra that document the effects of herbicides on the reflectance characteristics of coniferous trees. While the spectra of untreated trees remained constant over time, there were clear temporal changes in the spectra of trees treated with both herbicides. One herbicide worked within days, the other one within weeks. Ground-based imaging spectroscopy with meaningful preprocessing proved to be an appropriate tool for monitoring the effects of herbicides on potted plants.}, }
@article {pmid30934941, year = {2019}, author = {Kenis, M and du Plessis, H and Van den Berg, J and Ba, MN and Goergen, G and Kwadjo, KE and Baoua, I and Tefera, T and Buddie, A and Cafà, G and Offord, L and Rwomushana, I and Polaszek, A}, title = {Telenomus Remus, a Candidate Parasitoid for the Biological Control of Spodoptera Frugiperda in Africa, is already Present on the Continent.}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects10040092}, pmid = {30934941}, issn = {2075-4450}, support = {xxx//Department for International Development (DFID), UK and Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS), Netherlands through CABI's Action on Invasives programme; Maize Trust, South Africa/ ; }, abstract = {The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a moth originating from tropical and subtropical America, has recently become a serious pest of cereals in sub-Saharan Africa. Biological control offers an economically and environmentally safer alternative to synthetic insecticides that are being used for the management of this pest. Consequently, various biological control options are being considered, including the introduction of Telenomus remus, the main egg parasitoid of S. frugiperda in the Americas, where it is already used in augmentative biological control programmes. During surveys in South, West, and East Africa, parasitized egg masses of S. frugiperda were collected, and the emerged parasitoids were identified through morphological observations and molecular analyses as T. remus. The presence of T. remus in Africa in at least five countries provides a great opportunity to develop augmentative biological control methods and register the parasitoid against S. frugiperda. Surveys should be carried out throughout Africa to assess the present distribution of T. remus on the continent, and the parasitoid could be re-distributed in the regions where it is absent, following national and international regulations. Classical biological control should focus on the importation of larval parasitoids from the Americas.}, }
@article {pmid30933715, year = {2019}, author = {Guo, Q and Shu, YN and Liu, C and Chi, Y and Liu, YQ and Wang, XW}, title = {Transovarial transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus by seven species of the Bemisia tabaci complex indigenous to China: Not all whiteflies are the same.}, journal = {Virology}, volume = {531}, number = {}, pages = {240-247}, doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2019.03.009}, pmid = {30933715}, issn = {1096-0341}, abstract = {Begomoviruses contain some of the most damaging viral disease agents of crops worldwide, and are transmitted by whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci species complex. During the last 20 years, transovarial transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) has been reported in two invasive species of the B. tabaci complex. To further decipher the importance of this mode of transmission, we analyzed transovarial transmission of TYLCV by seven whitefly species indigenous to China. TYLCV virions were detected in eggs of all species except one, and in nymphs of two species, but in none of the ensuing adults of all seven species. Our results suggest that these indigenous whiteflies are unable to transmit TYLCV, a begomovirus alien to China, via ova to produce future generations of viruliferous adults, although most of the species exhibit varying ability to carry over the virus to the eggs/nymphs of their offspring via transovarial transmission.}, }
@article {pmid30933359, year = {2019}, author = {Stotz, GC and Gianoli, E and Cahill, JF}, title = {Biotic homogenization within and across eight widely distributed grasslands following invasion by Bromus inermis.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e02717}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2717}, pmid = {30933359}, issn = {1939-9170}, abstract = {Invasive species can alter community structure and function of the communities they invade, as well as lead to biotic homogenization across their invasive range, thus affecting large-scale diversity patterns. The mechanisms by which invasive species can lead to biotic homogenization are poorly understood. We argue that invasive species acting as a strong, deterministic and consistent filters within and across invaded communities are likely to cause biotic homogenization at multiple spatial scales. We studied Bromus inermis Leyss. invasion into eight grasslands covering most of the grassland and parkland natural regions of Alberta (Western Canada). Specifically, we tested whether B. inermis (1) has a strong impact on species richness and composition, (2) consistently alters resources (nutrients, light and soil moisture), imposing the same ecological filter to species establishment and persistence across sites, and hence (3) whether it leads to biotic homogenization within and across sites. We recorded plant cover and resources across native-to-invaded transition areas combining space-for-time substitutions with time-series data analyses. Bromus inermis invasion was associated with rapid biotic homogenization of communities, within and among the eight grasslands. The sharp changes in species relative abundances following invasion was the initial driver of biotic homogenization, while species loss was delayed. Supporting the idea that biotic homogenization can occur when an invasive species presents a broad and consistent filter, resources modified by B. inermis invasion (particularly light and certain nutrients) were altered rather consistently within and across sites. The 50% reduction in light was likely the initial driver of biotic homogenization, while the increase in nutrient availability probably facilitates the displacement of species from the invaded areas and could lead to the establishment of self-reinforcing dynamics. Overall, our results support the idea that invaders acting as strong, deterministic and consistent ecological filters are likely to cause biotic homogenization of the communities they invade. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid30933311, year = {2019}, author = {Portier, E and Silver, WL and Yang, WH}, title = {Invasive perennial forb effects on gross soil nitrogen cycling and nitrous oxide fluxes depend on phenology.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e02716}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2716}, pmid = {30933311}, issn = {1939-9170}, abstract = {Invasive plants can increase soil nitrogen (N) pools and accelerate soil N cycling rates, but their effect on gross N cycling and nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions has rarely been studied. We hypothesized that perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) invasion would increase rates of N cycling and gaseous N loss, thereby depleting ecosystem N and causing a negative feedback on invasion. We measured a suite of gross N cycling rates and net N2 O fluxes in invaded and uninvaded areas of an annual grassland in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta region of northern California. During the growing season, pepperweed-invaded soils had lower microbial biomass N, gross N mineralization, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and denitrification-derived net N2 O fluxes (P < 0.02 for all). During pepperweed dormancy, gross N mineralization, DNRA, and denitrification-derived net N2 O fluxes were stimulated in pepperweed-invaded plots, presumably by N-rich litter inputs and decreased competition between microbes and plants for N (P < 0.04 for all). Soil organic carbon and total N concentrations, which reflect pepperweed effects integrated over longer time scales, were lower in pepperweed-invaded soils (P < 0.001 and P = 0.04, respectively). Overall, pepperweed invasion had a net negative effect on ecosystem N status, depleting soil total N to potentially cause a negative feedback to invasion in the long term. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid30930645, year = {2019}, author = {M Hernández-Triana, L and A Brugman, V and I Nikolova, N and Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo,  and Barrero, E and Thorne, L and Fernández de Marco, M and Krüger, A and Lumley, S and Johnson, N and R Fooks, A}, title = {DNA barcoding of British mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) to support species identification, discovery of cryptic genetic diversity and monitoring invasive species.}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {832}, number = {}, pages = {57-76}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.832.32257}, pmid = {30930645}, issn = {1313-2989}, abstract = {Correct mosquito species identification is essential for mosquito and disease control programs. However, this is complicated by the difficulties in morphologically identifying some mosquito species. In this study, variation of a partial sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase unit I (COI) gene was used for the molecular identification of British mosquito species and to facilitate the discovery of cryptic diversity, and monitoring invasive species. Three DNA extraction methods were compared to obtain DNA barcodes from adult specimens. In total, we analyzed 42 species belonging to the genera Aedes Meigen, 1818 (21 species), Anopheles Meigen, 1818 (7 species), Coquillettidia Theobald, 1904 (1 species), Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (6 species), Culiseta Felt, 1904 (7 species), and Orthopodomyia Theobald, 1904 (1 species). Intraspecific genetic divergence ranged from 0% to 5.4%, while higher interspecific divergences were identified between Aedesgeminus Peus, 1971/Culisetalitorea (Shute, 1928) (24.6%) and Ae.geminus/An.plumbeus Stephens, 1828 (22.5%). Taxonomic discrepancy was shown between An.daciae Linton, Nicolescu &amp; Harbach, 2004 and An.messeae Falleroni, 1828 indicating the poor resolution of the COI DNA barcoding region in separating these taxa. Other species such as Ae.cantans (Meigen, 1818)/Ae.annulipes (Meigen, 1830) showed similar discrepancies indicating some limitation of this genetic marker to identify certain mosquito species. The combination of morphology and DNA barcoding is an effective approach for the identification of British mosquitoes, for invasive mosquitoes posing a threat to the UK, and for the detection of hidden diversity within species groups.}, }
@article {pmid30930639, year = {2019}, author = {Tang, KL and Pierce, MP and Guénard, B}, title = {Review of the genus Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Hong Kong with the description of three new species and the addition of five native and four introduced species records.}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {831}, number = {}, pages = {1-48}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.831.31515}, pmid = {30930639}, issn = {1313-2989}, abstract = {The species of the ant genus Strumigenys Smith, 1860 found in Hong Kong are reviewed based on new sampling efforts performed over the past five years (2014-2018). Prior to this, 12 Strumigenys species had been recorded from Hong Kong, all confirmed here. Moreover, we add to this list three newly described species: S.hirsutasp. n., S.lantauisp. n., and S.nathistorisocsp. n., and describe for the first time the worker caste of S.formosa Terayama, Lin &amp; Wu, 1995. We report new records for nine additional species, bringing the total number of species to 24, including four newly recorded species (S.hexamera Brown, 1958, S.membranifera Emery, 1869, S.nepalensis Baroni Urbani and De Andrade, 1994, and S.rogeri Emery, 1890) which are considered to be introduced to Hong Kong. A global review of the introduced Strumigenys species is presented. The taxonomic validity of S.feae and S.formosensis is discussed in light of new specimen measurements. New ecological information on the swarming periods of 11 species is presented on the basis of year-long sampling of aerial insects. Finally, the importance of our results within Southeast Asia and the need for future sampling efforts in the region is discussed.}, }
@article {pmid30927576, year = {2019}, author = {Zhang, L and Li, Y and Huang, J and Liu, J and Liu, X}, title = {Evaluation of the short-term and long-term performance of biological invasion management in the China-Myanmar border region.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {240}, number = {}, pages = {1-8}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.061}, pmid = {30927576}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {Invasive alien species pose great threats to ecological and economic health and cause enormous losses to global ecosystems. The Mikania micrantha management program is a source of great theoretical and practical insights for regional agricultural and forestry development. In this paper, the invasion history and distribution patterns of M. micrantha in the China-Myanmar Border Region are summarized, and the short-term and long-term performance of the current post-border management program are evaluated. A literature survey found that M. micrantha was mainly distributed in 85 townships of five municipalities along the border in China with Myanmar, suggesting an explicit border-crossing scenario of M. micrantha. The M. micrantha management program has produced positive but short-term results due to the conduction of general investigations, establishment of an extensive monitoring network, development of integrated measures, and improvements of public awareness and participation. However, the long-term management performance was hampered by overlapping departmental functions, lagging and unreliable public feedback, inadequate funding, and biased and passive strategies. We suggest that invasive species committees, social media tools, public-private partnership, and forest restoration and conservation and biological control could greatly improve the situation. This regional-scale research provides referential insights for the development of biological invasion management systems in developing economies under transboundary contexts.}, }
@article {pmid30926662, year = {2019}, author = {Fournier, A and Penone, C and Pennino, MG and Courchamp, F}, title = {Predicting future invaders and future invasions.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1803456116}, pmid = {30926662}, issn = {1091-6490}, abstract = {Invasive alien species are a great threat to biodiversity and human livelihoods worldwide. The most effective way to limit their impacts and costs is to prevent their introduction into new areas. Identifying invaders and invasions before their occurrence would arguably be the most efficient strategy. Here, we provide a profiling method to predict which species-with which particular ecological characteristics-will invade, and where they could invade. We illustrate our approach with ants, which are among the most detrimental invasive species, as they are responsible for declines of numerous taxa, are involved in local extinctions, disturb ecosystem functioning, and impact multiple human activities. Based on statistical profiling of 1,002 ant species from an extensive trait database, we identify 13 native ant species with an ecological profile that matches that of known invasive ants. Even though they are not currently described as such, these species are likely to become the next global invaders. We couple these predictions with species distribution models to identify the regions most at risk from the invasion of these species: Florida and Central America, Brazil, Central Africa and Madagascar, Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea Northeast Australia, and many islands worldwide. This framework, applicable to any other taxa, represents a remarkable opportunity to implement timely and specifically shaped proactive management strategies against biological invasions.}, }
@article {pmid30923649, year = {2019}, author = {Hong, M and Jiang, A and Li, N and Li, W and Shi, H and Storey, KB and Ding, L}, title = {Comparative analysis of the liver transcriptome in the red-eared slider Trachemys scripta elegans under chronic salinity stress.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {e6538}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.6538}, pmid = {30923649}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {The red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans), identified as one of the 100 most invasive species in the world, is a freshwater turtle originally from the eastern United States and northeastern Mexico. Field investigations have shown that T. s. elegans can survive and lay eggs in saline habitats. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of salinity adaptation, high-throughput RNA-Seq was utilized to identify the changes in gene expression profiles in the liver of T. s. elegans in response to elevated salinity. We exposed individuals to 0, 5, or 15 psu (practical salinity units) for 30 days. A total of 157.21 million reads were obtained and assembled into 205138 unigenes with an average length of 620 bp and N50 of 964 bp. Of these, 1019 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were found in the comparison of 0 vs. 5 psu, 1194 DEGs in 0 vs. 15 psu and 1180 DEGs in 5 vs. 15 psu, which are mainly related to macromolecule metabolic process, ion transport, oxidoreductase activity and generation of precursor metabolites and energy by GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment analyses. T. s. elegans can adapt itself into salinity by balancing the entry of sodium and chloride ions via the up-regulation expression genes of ion transport (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 5, KCNH5; erine/threonine-protein kinase 32, STK32; salt-inducible kinase 1, SIK1; adiponectin, ACDC), and by accumulating plasma urea and free amino acid via the up-regulation expression genes of amino acid metabolism (ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3, OAZ3; glutamine synthetase, GLUL; asparaginase-like protein 1b, ASRGL; L-amino-acid oxidase-like, LAAO; sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B, SLC6A15s; amino acid permease, SLC7A9) in response to osmotic regulation. An investment of energy to maintain their homeostatic balance is required to salinity adaptation, therefore, the genes related to energy production and conversion (F-ATPase protein 6, ATP6; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III, COX3; cytochrome b, CYTb; cytochrome P450 17A1, CYP17A1) were up-regulated with the increase of gene expression associated with lipid metabolism (apolipoprotein E precursor, APoE; coenzyme Q-binding protein, CoQ10; high-density lipoprotein particle, SAA) and carbohydrate metabolism (HK, MIP). These findings improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in salinity adaptation and provide general guidance to illuminate the invasion potential of T. s. elegans into saline environments.}, }
@article {pmid30922370, year = {2019}, author = {González, MA and Pavan, MG and Fernandes, RS and Busquets, N and David, MR and Lourenço-Oliveira, R and García-Pérez, AL and Maciel-de-Freitas, R}, title = {Limited risk of Zika virus transmission by five Aedes albopictus populations from Spain.}, journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {150}, doi = {10.1186/s13071-019-3359-1}, pmid = {30922370}, issn = {1756-3305}, support = {E-26/201.335/2016//Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/ ; 23038.007199/2012-17//Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/ ; Finance Code 001//Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/ ; }, mesh = {Aedes/*virology ; Animals ; Blood ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mosquito Vectors/*virology ; Risk Assessment ; Spain ; Vero Cells ; Viral Load ; *Zika Virus/physiology ; Zika Virus Infection/*transmission ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, is an exotic invasive species in Europe. It has substantial public health relevance due to its potential role in transmitting several human pathogens. Out of the European countries, Spain has one of the highest risk levels of autochthonous arbovirus transmission due to both the high density of Ae. albopictus and the extensive tourist influx from vector-endemic areas. This study aims to investigate the susceptibility of five Ae. albopictus populations from mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands to a Brazilian Zika virus (ZIKV) strain.<br><br>METHODS: The F1 generation of each Ae. albopictus population was orally challenged with a ZIKV-infected blood meal (1.8 × 106 PFU/ml). At 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi), mosquito bodies (thorax and abdomen) and heads were individually analysed through RT-qPCR to determine the infection rate (IR) and dissemination rate (DR), respectively. The saliva of infected mosquitoes was inoculated in Vero cells and the transmission rate was assessed by plaque assay or RT-qPCR on ~33 individuals per population.<br><br>RESULTS: The IR and DR ranged between 12-88%, and 0-60%, respectively, suggesting that ZIKV is capable of crossing the midgut barrier. Remarkably, no infectious viral particle was found in saliva samples, indicating a low ability of ZIKV to overcome the salivary gland barrier. A subsequent assay revealed that a second non-infective blood meal 48 h after ZIKV exposure did not influence Ae. albopictus vector competence.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The oral experimental ZIKV infections performed here indicate that Ae. albopictus from Spain become infected and disseminate the virus through the body but has a limited ability to transmit the Brazilian ZIKV strain through biting. Therefore, the results suggest a limited risk of autochthonous ZIKV transmission in Spain by Ae. albopictus.}, }
@article {pmid30920165, year = {2019}, author = {Tomasetto, F and Duncan, RP and Hulme, PE}, title = {Resolving the invasion paradox: pervasive scale and study dependence in the native-alien species richness relationship.}, journal = {Ecology letters}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13261}, pmid = {30920165}, issn = {1461-0248}, support = {//New Zealand Tertiary Education Commission/ ; DP150101839//Australian Research Council/ ; }, abstract = {The degree to which plant communities are vulnerable to invasion by alien species has often been assessed using the relationship between native and alien plant species richness (NAR). Variation in the direction and strength of the NAR tends to be negative for small plot sizes and study extents, but positive for large plots and extents. This invasion paradox has been attributed to different processes driving species richness at different spatial scales. However, the focus on plot size has drawn attention away from other factors influencing the NAR, in part because the influence of other factors may be obscured by or interact with plot size. Here, we test whether variation in the NAR can be explained by covariates linked to community susceptibility to invasion and whether these interact with plot size using a quantitative meta-analysis drawn from 87 field studies that examined 161 NARs. While plot size explained most variation, the NAR was less positive in grassland habitats and in the Australasian region. Other covariates did not show strong relationships with the NAR even after accounting for interactions with plot size. Instead, much of the unexplained variation is associated with article or author specific differences, suggesting the NAR depends strongly on how different authors choose their study system or study design.}, }
@article {pmid30919952, year = {2019}, author = {Larson, ER and Kreps, TA and Peters, B and Peters, JA and Lodge, DM}, title = {Habitat explains patterns of population decline for an invasive crayfish.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e02659}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2659}, pmid = {30919952}, issn = {1939-9170}, abstract = {Invasive nonindigenous species are defined by their impacts: they substantially change native communities or ecosystems. Accordingly, invasive species might transform their habitats in ways that eventually become unfavorable to them, causing population declines or even extirpations. Here we use over 40 yr of systematically collected data on the abundance of the invasive rusty crayfish Faxonius rusticus from 17 lakes in northern Wisconsin, USA to explore whether population declines of this invader are related to the prevalence of rocky habitat, which shelters crayfish from predators and is unchanged by crayfish. We predicted that lakes with rock-dominated substrates would be resistant to F. rusticus population declines, whereas lakes lacking rock-dominated substrates would experience F. rusticus declines due to crayfish destruction of shelter-providing macrophytes. We found that in nearly one-half (47%) of the study lakes, F. rusticus experienced population declines over the study time period, and these lakes had significantly lower proportions of rock substrate than lakes that did not experience population declines. We recommend that more studies should investigate the potential for invasive species-mediated community or ecosystem feedbacks to eventually contribute to their own population declines.}, }
@article {pmid30918268, year = {2019}, author = {Hunter, ME and Ferrante, JA and Meigs-Friend, G and Ulmer, A}, title = {Improving eDNA yield and inhibitor reduction through increased water volumes and multi-filter isolation techniques.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {5259}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-40977-w}, pmid = {30918268}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {To inform management and conservation decisions, environmental DNA (eDNA) methods are used to detect genetic material shed into the water by imperiled and invasive species. Methodological enhancements are needed to reduce filter clogging, PCR inhibition, and false-negative detections when eDNA is at low concentrations. In the first of three simple experiments, we sought to ameliorate filter clogging from particulates and organic material through a scaled-up, multi-filter protocol. We combined four filters in a 5 mL Phenol-Chloroform-Isoamyl (PCI) procedure to allow for larger volumes of water (~1 L) to be filtered rapidly. Increasing the filtered water volume by four times resulted in 4.4X the yield of target DNA. Next, inhibition from organic material can reduce or block eDNA detections in PCR-based assays. To remove inhibitory compounds retained during eDNA isolation, we tested three methods to chemically strip inhibitors from eDNA molecules. The use of CTAB as a short-term (5-8 day) storage buffer, followed by a PCI isolation, resulted in the highest eDNA yields. Finally, as opposed to a linear relationship among increasing concentrations of filtered genomic eDNA, we observed a sharp change between the lower (70-280 ng) and higher (420-560 ng) amounts. This may be important for effectively precipitating eDNA during protocol testing.}, }
@article {pmid30917126, year = {2019}, author = {Holmes, ND and Spatz, DR and Oppel, S and Tershy, B and Croll, DA and Keitt, B and Genovesi, P and Burfield, IJ and Will, DJ and Bond, AL and Wegmann, A and Aguirre-Muñoz, A and Raine, AF and Knapp, CR and Hung, CH and Wingate, D and Hagen, E and Méndez-Sánchez, F and Rocamora, G and Yuan, HW and Fric, J and Millett, J and Russell, J and Liske-Clark, J and Vidal, E and Jourdan, H and Campbell, K and Springer, K and Swinnerton, K and Gibbons-Decherong, L and Langrand, O and Brooke, ML and McMinn, M and Bunbury, N and Oliveira, N and Sposimo, P and Geraldes, P and McClelland, P and Hodum, P and Ryan, PG and Borroto-Páez, R and Pierce, R and Griffiths, R and Fisher, RN and Wanless, R and Pasachnik, SA and Cranwell, S and Micol, T and Butchart, SHM}, title = {Globally important islands where eradicating invasive mammals will benefit highly threatened vertebrates.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {e0212128}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0212128}, pmid = {30917126}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Invasive alien species are a major threat to native insular species. Eradicating invasive mammals from islands is a feasible and proven approach to prevent biodiversity loss. We developed a conceptual framework to identify globally important islands for invasive mammal eradications to prevent imminent extinctions of highly threatened species using biogeographic and technical factors, plus a novel approach to consider socio-political feasibility. We applied this framework using a comprehensive dataset describing the distribution of 1,184 highly threatened native vertebrate species (i.e. those listed as Critically Endangered or Endangered on the IUCN Red List) and 184 non-native mammals on 1,279 islands worldwide. Based on extinction risk, irreplaceability, severity of impact from invasive species, and technical feasibility of eradication, we identified and ranked 292 of the most important islands where eradicating invasive mammals would benefit highly threatened vertebrates. When socio-political feasibility was considered, we identified 169 of these islands where eradication planning or operation could be initiated by 2020 or 2030 and would improve the survival prospects of 9.4% of the Earth's most highly threatened terrestrial insular vertebrates (111 of 1,184 species). Of these, 107 islands were in 34 countries and territories and could have eradication projects initiated by 2020. Concentrating efforts to eradicate invasive mammals on these 107 islands would benefit 151 populations of 80 highly threatened vertebrates and make a major contribution towards achieving global conservation targets adopted by the world's nations.}, }
@article {pmid30916784, year = {2019}, author = {Dubart, M and Pantel, JH and Pointier, JP and Jarne, P and David, P}, title = {Modelling competition, niche and coexistence between an invasive and a native species in a two-species metapopulation.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e02700}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2700}, pmid = {30916784}, issn = {1939-9170}, abstract = {Modelling the dynamics of competition and coexistence between species is crucial to predict long-term impacts of invasive species on their native congeners. However, natural environments are often fragmented and variable in time and space. In such contexts regional coexistence depends on complex interactions between competition, niche differentiation and stochastic colonization-extinction dynamics. Quantifying all these processes at landscape scale has always been a challenge for ecologists. We propose a new statistical framework to evaluate metapopulation parameters (colonization and extinction) in a two-species system and how they respond to environmental variables and interspecific competition. It requires spatial surveys repeated in time, but does not assume demographic equilibrium. We apply this model to a long-term survey of two snails inhabiting a network of freshwater habitats in the West Indies. We find evidence of reciprocal competition affecting colonization or extinction rates, modulated by species-specific sensitivity to environmental variables. Simulations using model estimates allow us to predict species dynamics and explore the role of various coexistence mechanisms described by metacommunity theory in our system. The two species are predicted to stably coexist, because niche partitioning, source-sink dynamics and interspecific differences in extinction-colonization parameters all contribute to reduce the negative impacts of competition. However, none of these mechanisms is individually essential. Regional coexistence is primarily facilitated by transient co-occurrence of the two species within habitat patches, a possibility generally not considered in theoretical metacommunity models. Our framework is general and could be extended to guilds of several competing species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid30916751, year = {2019}, author = {Aput, LM and Farji-Brener, AG and Pirk, GI}, title = {Effects of Introduced Plants on Diet and Seed Preferences of Pogonomyrmex carbonarius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Patagonian Steppe.}, journal = {Environmental entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/ee/nvz022}, pmid = {30916751}, issn = {1938-2936}, abstract = {Invasive species may interact with resident species and disrupt previously established interactions, with effects on the whole community. If introduced seeds are selectively consumed by native granivores, this could limit the establishment or spread of invasive plants (biotic resistance), and reduce the predation pressure upon native seeds. We determined if the presence of introduced plants affects the diet and the seed preferences of the ant Pogonomyrmex carbonarius (Mayr) in a Patagonian steppe. We expected a higher proportion of introduced seeds in the diet of nests located in areas with a high abundance of introduced species (roadsides) than in nests located in low invaded areas. Diet composition was obtained by collecting items retrieved by workers to colonies and compared between areas of contrasting abundance of introduced species. Field-based choice experiments were performed to evaluate whether exotic seeds were preferred to native ones under a paired comparisons design. Native seeds predominated in the diet. A low proportion of introduced species were included only in colonies close to the road. Ants preferred native seeds to introduced ones, and showed a marked preference for seeds of the native grass Pappostipa speciosa (Trin. &amp; Rupr.) Romasch. (Poaceae), typical of the Patagonian steppe. The presence of introduced plants had little influence on interactions of P. carbonarius with seeds in the Patagonian steppe. Therefore, this ant species would not exert a control on the studied introduced plants, illustrating a case of low biotic resistance to invasion by these species.}, }
@article {pmid30916306, year = {2019}, author = {Hanford, JK and Hochuli, DF and Webb, CE}, title = {Oviposition Behavior of Culex annulirostris (Diptera: Culicidae) Is Affected by the Recent Presence of Invasive Gambusia holbrooki (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae).}, journal = {Journal of medical entomology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jme/tjz027}, pmid = {30916306}, issn = {1938-2928}, abstract = {Constructed wetlands are popular tools for managing threatened flora and fauna in urban settings, but there are concerns that these habitats may increase mosquito populations and mosquito-related public health risks. Understanding the interactions occurring between mosquitoes of public health concern and co-occurring organisms is critical to informing management of these habitats to mitigate potential health risks and balance the multiple values of urban wetlands. This study examined how oviposition behavior of Culex annulirostris Skuse, the most important pest mosquito species associated with freshwater wetland habitats in Australia, is influenced by the presence of Gambusia holbrooki Girard, a widespread invasive fish. Water was collected from urban wetlands that are intensively managed to reduce G. holbrooki populations to assist conservation of locally threatened frogs, and adjacent unmanaged wetlands where G. holbrooki was abundant. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the oviposition response by Cx. annulirostris to water samples from these two habitats. Experiments were conducted on two occasions, once in February following draining and refilling of the urban wetlands, and repeated following a substantial rainfall event in March. The results clearly demonstrate that ovipositing mosquitoes were able to detect and avoid water derived from habitats containing fish, even in the absence of the fish themselves. Understanding how invasive species affect the behavior and spatial distribution of pest species such as Cx. annulirostris will enable future wetland design and management to maximize benefits of urban wetlands and minimize potential public health risks.}, }
@article {pmid30914838, year = {2019}, author = {Lee, KH and Chen, TH and Shang, G and Clulow, S and Yang, YJ and Lin, SM}, title = {A check list and population trends of invasive amphibians and reptiles in Taiwan.}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {829}, number = {}, pages = {85-130}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.829.27535}, pmid = {30914838}, issn = {1313-2989}, abstract = {Invasive species have impacted biodiversity all around the world. Among various ecosystems, islands are most vulnerable to these impacts due to their high ratio of endemism, highly specialized adaptation, and isolated and unique fauna. As with other subtropical islands, Taiwan faces constant risk of biological invasions and is currently ranked as one of the countries most affected by invasive amphibians and reptiles. In this paper, a comprehensive checklist of all known exotic amphibians and reptiles is provided, including twelve species which have successfully colonized Taiwan and six species with a controversial status. We provide an update on the knowledge of all these species including their distribution, colonization history, threats to native animals, and population trends based on literature records, fauna surveys, and data collected during invasive species eradication and control programs. A list of species with high invasive potentials is also provided. This study reports, for the first time, a comprehensive survey of invasive herpetofauna in Taiwan, which should provide a valuable reference to other regions which might suffer from similar invasion risk.}, }
@article {pmid30914824, year = {2019}, author = {}, title = {Invasive species to surge as ship traffic soars on the high seas.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {567}, number = {7749}, pages = {437}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-019-00870-y}, pmid = {30914824}, issn = {1476-4687}, }
@article {pmid30913219, year = {2019}, author = {Starko, S and Bailey, LA and Creviston, E and James, KA and Warren, A and Brophy, MK and Danasel, A and Fass, MP and Townsend, JA and Neufeld, CJ}, title = {Environmental heterogeneity mediates scale-dependent declines in kelp diversity on intertidal rocky shores.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {e0213191}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0213191}, pmid = {30913219}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Biodiversity loss is driven by interacting factors operating at different spatial scales. Yet, there remains uncertainty as to how fine-scale environmental conditions mediate biological responses to broad-scale stressors. We surveyed intertidal rocky shore kelp beds situated across a local gradient of wave action and evaluated changes in kelp diversity and abundance after more than two decades of broad scale stressors, most notably the 2013-2016 heat wave. Across all sites, species were less abundant on average in 2017 and 2018 than during 1993-1995 but changes in kelp diversity were dependent on wave exposure, with wave exposed habitats remaining stable and wave sheltered habitats experiencing near complete losses of kelp diversity. In this way, wave exposed sites have acted as refugia, maintaining regional kelp diversity despite widespread local declines. Fucoids, seagrasses and two stress-tolerant kelp species (Saccharina sessilis, Egregia menziesii) did not decline as observed in other kelps, and the invasive species Sargassum muticum increased significantly at wave sheltered sites. Long-term monitoring data from a centrally-located moderate site suggest that kelp communities were negatively impacted by the recent heatwave which may have driven observed losses throughout the region. Wave-sheltered shores, which saw the largest declines, are a very common habitat type in the Northeast Pacific and may be especially sensitive to losses in kelp diversity and abundance, with potential consequences for coastal productivity. Our findings highlight the importance of fine-scale environmental heterogeneity in mediating biological responses and demonstrate how incorporating differences between habitat patches can be essential to capturing scale-dependent biodiversity loss across the landscape.}, }
@article {pmid30911809, year = {2019}, author = {Soper, JM and Raynor, EJ and Wienhold, C and Schacht, WH}, title = {Evaluating Composition and Conservation Value of Roadside Plant Communities in a Grassland Biome.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00267-019-01154-x}, pmid = {30911809}, issn = {1432-1009}, support = {RHE-07//Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services (US)/ ; }, abstract = {In the context of roadside revegetation activities in rural regions, revegetation objectives commonly are to establish plant communities with a diversity of species that would otherwise be absent on the predominantly agricultural landscape. To determine the efficacy of revegetation in providing plant communities of high biodiversity value, we quantified species richness, floristic quality, and success in seeding efforts. We evaluated the outcome of roadside seedings conducted by Nebraska Department of Transportation (NDOT) for five NDOT landscape regions spanning Nebraska. Our assessment occurred on average 13.2 years (range: 10-17) post-revegetation, thus, providing insight into what established plant communities can be expected after a decade or more. Biomass production declined on an east to west gradient, but the component species responsible for this gradient were unique to each region. We found species richness was greatest in the western regions of Nebraska with the Sandhills supporting the highest richness. This rangeland-dominated region exhibited the highest floristic quality index, a tool commonly used to identify areas of high conservation value. Our findings indicate that the roadside vegetation is landscape-dependent in that neighboring plant communities influence botanical composition of roadside vegetation. Thus, less diverse seeding mixtures could be used on roadsides with a diversity of desirable native plant species in neighboring land (i.e., Sandhills rangeland). Conversely, in roadsides surrounded by cropland or plant communities with many non-native, weedy species, seeding complex mixtures with a diversity of desirable and highly competitive native species is likely necessary. Nebraska roadsides are viewed as a resource where plant communities with a diversity of native grassland species can be established; however, persistence of many seeded, native species is minimal (mostly forbs) because of the competiveness of both seeded and invasive grasses.}, }
@article {pmid30909981, year = {2019}, author = {Montarsi, F and Martini, S and Michelutti, A and Da Rold, G and Mazzucato, M and Qualizza, D and Di Gennaro, D and Di Fant, M and Dal Pont, M and Palei, M and Capelli, G}, title = {The invasive mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus is spreading in northeastern Italy.}, journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {120}, doi = {10.1186/s13071-019-3387-x}, pmid = {30909981}, issn = {1756-3305}, mesh = {*Aedes ; Animals ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; *Introduced Species ; Italy/epidemiology ; Larva ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The invasive mosquito species, Aedes japonicus japonicus, was detected in northeastern Italy for the first time in 2015, at the border with Austria. After this finding, a more intensive monitoring was carried out to assess its distribution and to collect biological data. Herein, we report the results of four years (2015-2018) of activity.<br><br>METHODS: The presence of Ae. j. japonicus was checked in all possible breeding sites through collections of larvae. The monitoring started from the site of the first detection at the Austrian border and then was extended in all directions. The mosquitoes were identified morphologically and molecularly.<br><br>RESULTS: Aedes j. japonicus was found in 58 out of 73 municipalities monitored (79.5%). In total (2015-2018), 238 sampling sites were monitored and 90 were positive for presence of Ae. j. japonicus larvae (37.8%). The mosquito was collected mainly in artificial containers located in small villages and in rural areas. Cohabitation with other mosquito species was observed in 55.6% of the samplings.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Aedes j. japonicus is well established in Italy and in only four years has colonised two Italian Regions, displaying rapid spreading throughout hilly and mountainous areas. Colonization towards the south seems limited by climatic conditions and the occurrence of a large population of the larval competitor, Ae. albopictus. The further spread of Ae. j. japonicus has the potential to pose new threats of zoonotic agents (i.e. Dirofilaria spp. and West Nile virus) within areas at altitudes previously considered at negligible risk in Italy.}, }
@article {pmid30909930, year = {2019}, author = {Wieser, A and Reuss, F and Niamir, A and Müller, R and O'Hara, RB and Pfenninger, M}, title = {Modelling seasonal dynamics, population stability, and pest control in Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae).}, journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {142}, doi = {10.1186/s13071-019-3366-2}, pmid = {30909930}, issn = {1756-3305}, support = {HA6204/3-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; 01KI17//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The invasive temperate mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus is a potential vector for various infectious diseases and therefore a target of vector control measures. Even though established in Germany, it is unclear whether the species has already reached its full distribution potential. The possible range of the species, its annual population dynamics, the success of vector control measures and future expansions due to climate change still remain poorly understood. While numerous studies on occurrence have been conducted, they used mainly presence data from relatively few locations. In contrast, we used experimental life history data to model the dynamics of a continuous stage-structured population to infer potential seasonal densities and ask whether stable populations are likely to establish over a period of more than one year. In addition, we used climate change models to infer future ranges. Finally, we evaluated the effectiveness of various stage-specific vector control measures.<br><br>RESULTS: Aedes j. japonicus has already established stable populations in the southwest and west of Germany. Our models predict a spread of Ae. j. japonicus beyond the currently observed range, but likely not much further eastwards under current climatic conditions. Climate change models, however, will expand this range substantially and higher annual densities can be expected. Applying vector control measures to oviposition, survival of eggs, larvae or adults showed that application of adulticides for 30 days between late spring and early autumn, while ambient temperatures are above 9 °C, can reduce population density by 75%. Continuous application of larvicide showed similar results in population reduction. Most importantly, we showed that with the consequent application of a mixed strategy, it should be possible to significantly reduce or even extinguish existing populations with reasonable effort.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms concerning the establishment of stable populations in invasive species. In order to minimise the hazard to public health, we recommend vector control measures to be applied in 'high risk areas' which are predicted to allow establishment of stable populations to establish.}, }
@article {pmid30904947, year = {2019}, author = {Jensen, AM and Schamp, BS and Belleau, A}, title = {Evidence of temporal niche separation via low flowering time overlap in an old-field plant community.}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00442-019-04386-0}, pmid = {30904947}, issn = {1432-1939}, support = {RGPIN-2015-04397//Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; }, abstract = {Flowering time is a trait that reflects the timing of specific resource requirements by plants. Consequently, several predictions have been made related to how species are assembled within communities according to flowering time. Strong overlap in flowering time among coexisting species may result from clustered abiotic resources, or contribute to improved pollination success. Conversely, low flowering time overlap (asynchrony) among coexisting species may reduce competition for soil, light, or pollinator resources and alleviate interspecific pollen transfer. Here, we present evidence that coexisting species in an old-field community generally overlap less in flowering time than expected under a commonly used and statistically validated null model. Flowering time asynchrony was more pronounced when abundance data were used (compared to presence-absence data), and when analyses focused on species that share bees as pollinators. Control and herbivore-exclusion plots did not differ in flowering time overlap, providing no evidence of the reduction in overlap expected to result from increased competition. Our results varied with the randomization algorithm used, emphasizing that the choice of algorithm can influence the outcome of null models. Our results varied between 2 years, with patterns being less clear in the second year, when both growing season and flowering times were contracted. Finally, we found evidence that further supports a previous finding that higher plot-level flowering time overlap was associated with higher proportions of introduced species. Reduced flowering time overlap among species in our focal community may promote coexistence via temporal niche differentiation and reduced competition for pollinators and other abiotic resources.}, }
@article {pmid30900532, year = {2019}, author = {Miranda, RJ and Coleman, MA and Tagliafico, A and Rangel, MS and Mamo, LT and Barros, F and Kelaher, BP}, title = {Invasion-mediated effects on marine trophic interactions in a changing climate: positive feedbacks favour kelp persistence.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, volume = {286}, number = {1899}, pages = {20182866}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2018.2866}, pmid = {30900532}, issn = {1471-2954}, abstract = {The interactive effects of ocean warming and invasive species are complex and remain a source of uncertainty for projecting future ecological change. Climate-mediated change to trophic interactions can have pervasive ecological consequences, but the role of invasion in mediating trophic effects is largely unstudied. Using manipulative experiments in replicated outdoor mesocosms, we reveal how near-future ocean warming and macrophyte invasion scenarios interactively impact gastropod grazing intensity and preference for consumption of foundation macroalgae (Ecklonia radiata and Sargassum vestitum). Elevated water temperature increased the consumption of both macroalgae through greater grazing intensity. Given the documented decline of kelp (E. radiata) growth at higher water temperatures, enhanced grazing could contribute to the shift from kelp-dominated to Sargassum-dominated reefs that is occurring at the low-latitude margins of kelp distribution. However, the presence of a native invader (Caulerpa filiformis) was related to low consumption by the herbivores on dominant kelp at warmer temperatures. Thus, antagonistic effects between climate change and a range expanding species can favour kelp persistence in a warmer future. Introduction of species should, therefore, not automatically be considered unfavourable under climate change scenarios. Climatic changes are increasing the need for effective management actions to address the interactive effects of multiple stressors and their ecological consequences, rather than single threats in isolation.}, }
@article {pmid30900053, year = {2019}, author = {Ricks, KD and Koide, RT}, title = {Biotic filtering of endophytic fungal communities in Bromus tectorum.}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00442-019-04388-y}, pmid = {30900053}, issn = {1432-1939}, support = {2011-67009-20072//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; }, abstract = {The assembly of horizontally transmitted endophytic fungi within plant tissues may be affected by &quot;biotic filtering&quot;. In other words, only particular endophytic fungal taxa from the available inoculum pool may be able to colonize a given plant species. We tested that hypothesis in Bromus tectorum, an important invasive species in the arid, western United States. We collected seed from Bromus tectorum and sources of inoculum for endophytic fungi including soil and various kinds of plant litter at a field site in central Utah. We characterized, using Illumina sequencing, the endophytic fungal communities in the various inoculum sources, inoculated Bromus tectorum seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions with the various sources, and then characterized the communities of endophytic fungi that assembled in their roots and leaves. Different inoculum sources containing significantly different endophytic fungal communities produced complex communities of endophytic fungi in leaves and roots of Bromus tectorum. In leaves, the communities assembling from the various inoculum sources were not significantly different from each other and, in roots, they were only slightly different from each other, mainly due to variation in a single fungal OTU, Coprinopsis brunneofibrillosa. Consequently, there was significantly more variation in the structure of the communities of endophytic fungi among the inoculum sources than in the resultant endophytic fungal communities in the leaves and roots of Bromus tectorum. These results are consistent with biotic filtering playing a significant role in endophytic fungal community assembly.}, }
@article {pmid30898613, year = {2019}, author = {Cleveland, CA and Swanepoel, L and Box, EK and De Nicola, A and Yabsley, MJ}, title = {Rickettsia species in ticks collected from wild pigs (Sus scrofa) and Philippine deer (Rusa marianna) on Guam, Marianna Islands, USA.}, journal = {Acta tropica}, volume = {194}, number = {}, pages = {89-92}, doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.010}, pmid = {30898613}, issn = {1873-6254}, abstract = {The prevalence and diversity of ticks on wildlife species on Guam is understudied, as to date no work has been conducted on the infection of these ticks with Rickettsia (obligate intracellular pathogens that use a variety of ectoparasites as vectors and can cause disease in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife species). The goal of our study was to investigate the presence of Rickettsia species on the island of Guam by testing ticks found on Philippine deer (Rusa marianna) and wild pigs (Sus scrofa). Increasing numbers of these species have led to increased interactions with humans, including hunting, highlighting the importance of studies on vector prevalence and associated zoonotic pathogens. In this study, ticks were removed from Philippine deer and wild pigs in March and April of 2015 and tested for Rickettsia spp. using nested PCR. Overall, a low prevalence of Rickettsia spp. was detected (5.4% (6/112 ticks)). Ticks removed from wild pigs were identified as Amblyomma breviscutatum, one of which was positive for Rickettsia ambylommatis. Ticks recovered from Philippine deer were identified as Rhipicephalus microplus, and five were positive for Rickettsia; two with R. amblyommatis and one with 'Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis', a recently proposed species in the R. felis cluster. The remaining two sequences were short and species classification was not possible. Rickettsia felis is a known zoonotic pathogen in the spotted fever group of Rickettsia and there is evidence that 'C. R. senegalensis' can also cause illness in people. This study confirms the occurrence of Rickettsia in ticks on Guam and highlights the presence of potential human pathogenic species in the R. felis cluster.}, }
@article {pmid30897772, year = {2019}, author = {Willbrand, BN and Pfeiffer, DG}, title = {Brown Rice Vinegar as an Olfactory Field Attractant for Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) and Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Cherimoya in Maui, Hawaii, with Implications for Attractant Specificity between Species and Estimation of Relative Abundance.}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/insects10030080}, pmid = {30897772}, issn = {2075-4450}, abstract = {Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an agricultural pest that has been observed co-infesting soft-skinned fruits with Zaprionus indianus Gupta. The characterization of olfactory preferences by species is a necessary step towards the development of species-specific attractants. Five olfactory attractants were used to survey the populations of two invasive drosophilids in cherimoya in Maui, Hawaii. The attractants used were apple cider vinegar (ACV), brown rice vinegar (BRV), red wine (RW), apple cider vinegar and red wine (ACV+RW; 60/40), and brown rice vinegar and red wine (BRV+RW; 60/40). For D. suzukii, BRV+RW resulted in more captures than BRV, ACV, and RW, while ACV+RW resulted in more captures than ACV. No differences were observed between BRV+RW and ACV+RW. BRV had greater specificity in attracting D. suzukii compared to ACV, ACV+RW, and RW. For Z. indianus, no significant differences were observed in either the mean captures or specificity for any attractant used. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that (1) BRV and BRV+RW are effective field attractants and (2) D. suzukii has unique olfactory preferences compared to non-target drosophilids, while (3) Z. indianus' preferences do not appear to vary from non-target drosophilids, and (4) the accuracy of relative abundance is impacted by the specificity of the attractants.}, }
@article {pmid30895343, year = {2019}, author = {van Riper, CJ and Browning, MHEM and Becker, D and Stewart, W and Suski, CD and Browning, L and Golebie, E}, title = {Correction to: Human-Nature Relationships and Normative Beliefs Influence Behaviors that Reduce the Spread of Aquatic Invasive Species.}, journal = {Environmental management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00267-019-01149-8}, pmid = {30895343}, issn = {1432-1009}, support = {1012211//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; NGRREC-IP2016-25//National Great Rivers Research &amp; Education Center/ ; NGRREC-IP2016-2//National Great Rivers Research and Education Center/ ; }, abstract = {The original article was published with few incorrect contexts.}, }
@article {pmid30891210, year = {2019}, author = {Furlan-Murari, PJ and Ruas, CF and Ruas, EA and Benício, LM and Urrea-Rojas, AM and Poveda-Parra, AR and Murari, E and de Lima, ECS and de Souza, FP and Lopera-Barrero, NM}, title = {Structure and genetic variability of golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) populations from Brazilian reservoirs.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {5}, pages = {2706-2714}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.4941}, pmid = {30891210}, issn = {2045-7758}, abstract = {The golden mussel, Limnoperna fortunei a highly invasive species in Brazil, has generated productive, economical, and biological impacts. To evaluate genetic structure and variability of L. fortunei populations present in fish farms in the reservoirs of Canoas I (CANFF), Rosana (ROSFF), and Capivara (CAPFF) (Paranapanema River, Paraná, Brazil), eight microsatellite loci were amplified. Five of those eight loci resulted in 38 alleles. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) was lower than the expected heterozygosity (He) in all populations, with a deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The average value for the inbreeding coefficient (Fis) was positive and significative for all populations. There was higher genetic variability within populations than among them. The fixation index (Fst) showed a small genetic variability among these populations. The occurrence of gene flow was identified in all populations, along with the lack of a recent bottleneck effect. The clustering analysis yielded K = 2, with genetic similarity between the three populations. The results demonstrate low genetic structure and suggest a founding population with greater genetic variability (ROSFF). Our data point to the possible dispersal of L. fortunei aided by anthropic factors in the upstream direction. It was concluded that the three populations presented a unique genetic pool for Paranapanema River, with occurrence of gene flow.}, }
@article {pmid30887614, year = {2019}, author = {Bishop, TR and Parr, CL and Gibb, H and van Rensburg, BJ and Braschler, B and Chown, SL and Foord, SH and Lamy, K and Munyai, TC and Okey, I and Tshivhandekano, PG and Werenkraut, V and Robertson, MP}, title = {Thermoregulatory traits combine with range shifts to alter the future of montane ant assemblages.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.14622}, pmid = {30887614}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {DP120100781//Australian Research Council/ ; //University of Pretoria/ ; //Leverhulme Trust/ ; //NERC/ ; //DST-NRF CIB/ ; }, abstract = {Predicting and understanding the biological response to future climate change is a pressing challenge for humanity. In the 21st century, many species will move into higher latitudes and higher elevations as the climate warms. In addition, the relative abundances of species within local assemblages are likely to change. Both effects have implications for how ecosystems function. Few biodiversity forecasts, however, take account of both shifting ranges and changing abundances. We provide a novel analysis predicting the potential changes to assemblage-level relative abundances in the 21st century. We use an established relationship linking ant abundance and their colour and size traits to temperature and UV-B to predict future abundance changes. We also predict future temperature driven range shifts and use these to alter the available species pool for our trait-mediated abundance predictions. We do this across three continents under a low greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP2.6) and a business-as-usual scenario (RCP8.5). Under RCP2.6, predicted changes to ant assemblages by 2100 are moderate. On average, species richness will increase by 26%, while species composition and relative abundance structure will be 26% and 30% different, respectively, compared with modern assemblages. Under RCP8.5, however, highland assemblages face almost a tripling of species richness and compositional and relative abundance changes of 66% and 77%. Critically, we predict that future assemblages could be reorganized in terms of which species are common and which are rare: future highland assemblages will not simply comprise upslope shifts of modern lowland assemblages. These forecasts reveal the potential for radical change to montane ant assemblages by the end of the 21st century if temperature increases continue. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating trait-environment relationships into future biodiversity predictions. Looking forward, the major challenge is to understand how ecosystem processes will respond to compositional and relative abundance changes.}, }
@article {pmid30886030, year = {2019}, author = {Plasman, M and McCue, MD and Reynoso, VH and Terblanche, JS and Clusella-Trullas, S}, title = {Environmental temperature alters the overall digestive energetics and differentially affects dietary protein and lipid use in a lizard.}, journal = {The Journal of experimental biology}, volume = {222}, number = {Pt 6}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.194480}, pmid = {30886030}, issn = {1477-9145}, abstract = {Processing food (e.g. ingestion, digestion, assimilation) requires energy referred to as specific dynamic action (SDA) and is at least partially fuelled by oxidation of the nutrients (e.g. proteins and lipids) within the recently ingested meal. In ectotherms, environmental temperature can affect the magnitude and/or duration of the SDA, but is likely to also alter the mixture of nutrients that are oxidized to cover these costs. Here, we examined metabolic rate, gut passage time, assimilation efficiency and fuel use in the lizard Agama atra digesting cricket meals at three ecologically relevant temperatures (20, 25 and 32°C). Crickets were isotopically enriched with 13C-leucine or 13C-palmitic-acid tracers to distinguish between protein and lipid oxidation, respectively. Our results show that higher temperatures increased the magnitude of the SDA peak (by 318% between 32 and 20°C) and gut passage rate (63%), and decreased the duration of the SDA response (by 20% for males and 48% for females). Peak rate of dietary protein oxidation occurred sooner than peak lipid oxidation at all temperatures (70, 60 and 31 h earlier for 20, 25 and 32°C, respectively). Assimilation efficiency of proteins, but not lipids, was positively related to temperature. Interestingly, the SDA response exhibited a notable circadian rhythm. These results show that temperature has a pronounced effect on digestive energetics in A.atra, and that this effect differs between nutrient classes. Variation in environmental temperatures may thus alter the energy budget and nutrient reserves of these animals.}, }
@article {pmid30883552, year = {2019}, author = {Tedjou, AN and Kamgang, B and Yougang, AP and Njiokou, F and Wondji, CS}, title = {Update on the geographical distribution and prevalence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), two major arbovirus vectors in Cameroon.}, journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {e0007137}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0007137}, pmid = {30883552}, issn = {1935-2735}, support = {//Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Arboviral diseases including dengue are increasingly spreading in the tropical/subtropical world including Africa. Updated knowledge on the distribution and abundance of the major vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus constitutes crucial surveillance action to prepare African countries such as Cameroon for potential arbovirus outbreaks. Here, we present a nationwide survey in Cameroon to assess the current geographical distribution and prevalence of both vectors including a genetic diversity profiling of Ae. albopictus (invasive species) using mitochondrial DNA.<br><br>METHODS: Immature stages of Aedes were collected between March and August 2017 in 29 localities across Cameroon following north-south and east-west transects. Larvae and pupae were collected from several containers in each location, reared to adult and morphologically identified. Genetic diversity of Ae. albopictus from 16 locations were analysed using Cytochrome Oxidase I gene (COI).<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 30,381 immature stages of Aedes with an average of 646.40±414.21 per location were identified across the country comprising 69.3% of Ae. albopictus and 30.7% of Ae. aegypti. Analysis revealed that Ae. aegypti is still distributed nation widely whereas Ae. albopictus is limited to the southern part, around 6°4'N. However, Ae. albopictus is the most prevalent species in all southern locations where both species are sympatric except in Douala where Ae. aegypti is predominant. This suggests that factors such as climate, vegetation, and building density impact the distribution of both species in Cameroon. Mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed a low genetic diversity in Ae. albopictus populations with a major common haplotype resulting in low haplotype diversity ranging from 0.13 to 0.65 and 0.35 for the total sample. Similarly, low nucleotide diversity was also reported varying from 0.0000 to 0.0017 with an overall index of 0.0008. This low genetic polymorphism is consistent with the recent introduction of Ae. albopictus in Cameroon.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This updated distribution of arbovirus vectors across Cameroon will help in planning vector control programme against possible outbreak of arbovirus related diseases in the country.}, }
@article {pmid30881766, year = {2019}, author = {Ye, XQ and Meng, JL and Wu, M}, title = {The effects of Solidago canadensis water extracts on maize seedling growth in association with the biomass allocation pattern.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {e6564}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.6564}, pmid = {30881766}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {Background: Solidago canadensis L. is an aggressive exotic plant species in China that has potential allelopathic effects on competing plant species. Effects of hormesis are frequently observed in studies of allelopathy; however, the mechanisms of such effects need to be elucidated. Allelopathic compounds may affect the growth of recipient plants via alteration of biomass allocation patterns or photosynthetic capacity. The aim of this study was to determine how water extracts from S. canadensis affected the shoot and root growth of recipient plants and whether the underlying mechanism was related to the biomass allocation pattern or photosynthetic gas exchange capacity.<br><br>Methods: The water extracts from S. canadensis shoots at 12 different concentrations in the range of 0-0.25 g/ml were applied thrice in 9 days to maize seedlings cultivated in silica sand. The growth (shoot height, leaf length and area and root length) and biomass accumulation and allocation (specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf mass ratio (LMR)) were compared among maize seedlings exposed to different treatment concentrations. Gas exchange (photosynthetic light response curve) was measured and compared among maize seedlings exposed to three concentrations of water extract (0, 0.0125 and 0.2 g/ml) before and after the first application, and seedling growth was measured after the third and final application.<br><br>Results: The growth of seedlings (shoot height, leaf length and area and root length) was promoted at concentrations below 0.125 g/ml and inhibited at concentrations above this level (P < 0.05). The pattern of change in biomass accumulation and allocation was similar to that of shoot growth, but biomass accumulation and allocation was not significantly affected by the water extract treatments (P > 0.05). The water extract treatments did not significantly affect the photosynthetic capacity (P > 0.05), but the dark respiration rate was higher in the low-dose treatment than that in the high-dose treatment. Shoot height was positively correlated with the biomass allocation indicators SLA and LAR (P < 0.05) but not with LMR (P > 0.05).<br><br>Conclusions: The results suggested that the effects of the water extracts from S. canadensis were highly dependent on the concentration, with the growth of maize seedlings promoted at low concentrations of water extracts. The effects of the water extracts on the growth of maize seedlings were mainly due to the effects on the LAR, the allocation to leaf area growth, whereas the effects of the water extracts on leaf gas exchange capacity cannot explain variation of seedling growth. Thus, the stimulation of plant growth was very likely due to increased biomass allocation towards the shoot.}, }
@article {pmid30880834, year = {2019}, author = {Bradbeer, SJ and Harrington, J and Watson, H and Warraich, A and Shechonge, A and Smith, A and Tamatamah, R and Ngatunga, BP and Turner, GF and Genner, MJ}, title = {Limited hybridization between introduced and Critically Endangered indigenous tilapia fishes in northern Tanzania.}, journal = {Hydrobiologia}, volume = {832}, number = {1}, pages = {257-268}, doi = {10.1007/s10750-018-3572-5}, pmid = {30880834}, issn = {0018-8158}, abstract = {Hybridization between introduced and indigenous species can lead to loss of unique genetic resources and precipitate extinction. In Tanzania, the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and blue-spotted tilapia (Oreochromis leucostictus) have been widely introduced to non-native habitats for aquaculture and development of capture fisheries. Here, we aimed to quantify interspecific hybridization between these introduced species and the indigenous species Oreochromis esculentus, Oreochromis jipe and Oreochromis korogwe. In the Pangani basin, several hybrids were observed (O. niloticus × O. jipe, O. leucostictus × O. jipe, O. niloticus × O. korogwe), although hybrids were relatively uncommon within samples relative to purebreds. Hybrids between the native O. jipe × O. korogwe were also observed. In the Lake Victoria basin, no evidence of hybrids was found. Analysis of body shape using geometric morphometrics suggested that although purebreds could be discriminated from one another, hybrids could not be readily identified on body and head shape alone. These results provide the first evidence of hybridization between the introduced species and the Critically Endangered O. jipe in Tanzania. Given uncertainty regarding benefits of introduced species over large-bodied indigenous species in aquaculture and capture fisheries, we suggest that future introductions of hybridization-prone species should be carefully evaluated.}, }
@article {pmid30880833, year = {2019}, author = {Shechonge, A and Ngatunga, BP and Bradbeer, SJ and Day, JJ and Freer, JJ and Ford, AGP and Kihedu, J and Richmond, T and Mzighani, S and Smith, AM and Sweke, EA and Tamatamah, R and Tyers, AM and Turner, GF and Genner, MJ}, title = {Widespread colonisation of Tanzanian catchments by introduced Oreochromis tilapia fishes: the legacy from decades of deliberate introduction.}, journal = {Hydrobiologia}, volume = {832}, number = {1}, pages = {235-253}, doi = {10.1007/s10750-018-3597-9}, pmid = {30880833}, issn = {0018-8158}, abstract = {From the 1950s onwards, programmes to promote aquaculture and improve capture fisheries in East Africa have relied heavily on the promise held by introduced species. In Tanzania these introductions have been poorly documented. Here we report the findings of surveys of inland water bodies across Tanzania between 2011 and 2017 that clarify distributions of tilapiine cichlids of the genus Oreochromis. We identified Oreochromis from 123 sampling locations, including 14 taxa restricted to their native range and three species that have established populations beyond their native range. Of these three species, the only exotic species found was blue-spotted tilapia (Oreochromis leucostictus), while Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Singida tilapia (Oreochromis esculentus), which are both naturally found within the country of Tanzania, have been translocated beyond their native range. Using our records, we developed models of suitable habitat for the introduced species based on recent (1960-1990) and projected (2050, 2070) East African climate. These models indicated that presence of suitable habitat for these introduced species will persist and potentially expand across the region. The clarification of distributions provided here can help inform the monitoring and management of biodiversity, and inform policy related to the future role of introduced species in fisheries and aquaculture.}, }
@article {pmid30872891, year = {2019}, author = {Bartlett, J and Convey, P and Hayward, SAL}, title = {Not so free range? Oviposition microhabitat and egg clustering affects Eretmoptera murphyi (Diptera: Chironomidae) reproductive success.}, journal = {Polar biology}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {271-284}, doi = {10.1007/s00300-018-2420-4}, pmid = {30872891}, issn = {0722-4060}, abstract = {Understanding the physiology of non-native species in Antarctica is key to elucidating their ability to colonise an area, and how they may respond to changes in climate. Eretmoptera murphyi is a chironomid midge introduced to Signy Island (Maritime Antarctic) from South Georgia (Sub-Antarctic) where it is endemic. Here, we explore the tolerance of this species' egg masses to heat and desiccation stress encountered within two different oviposition microhabitats (ground surface vegetation and underlying soil layer). Our data show that, whilst oviposition takes place in both substrates, egg sacs laid individually in soil are at the greatest risk of failing to hatch, whilst those aggregated in the surface vegetation have the lowest risk. The two microhabitats are characterised by significantly different environmental conditions, with greater temperature fluctuations in the surface vegetation, but lower humidity (%RH) and available water content in the soil. Egg sacs were not desiccation resistant and lost water rapidly, with prolonged exposure to 75% RH affecting survival for eggs in singly oviposited egg sacs. In contrast, aggregated egg sacs (n = 10) experienced much lower desiccation rates and survival of eggs remained above 50% in all treatments. Eggs had high heat tolerance in the context of the current microhabitat conditions on Signy. We suggest that the atypical (for this family) use of egg sac aggregation in E. murphyi has developed as a response to environmental stress. Current temperature patterns and extremes on Signy Island are unlikely to affect egg survival, but changes in the frequency and duration of extreme events could be a greater challenge.}, }
@article {pmid30872734, year = {2019}, author = {Lenancker, P and Hoffmann, BD and Tay, WT and Lach, L}, title = {Strategies of the invasive tropical fire ant (Solenopsis geminata) to minimize inbreeding costs.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {4566}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-41031-5}, pmid = {30872734}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {How invasive species overcome challenges associated with low genetic diversity is unclear. Invasive ant populations with low genetic diversity sometimes produce sterile diploid males, which do not contribute to colony labour or reproductive output. We investigated how inbreeding affects colony founding and potential strategies to overcome its effects in the invasive tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata. Our genetic analyses of field samples revealed that 13-100% of males per colony (n = 8 males per 10 colonies) were diploid, and that all newly mated queens (n = 40) were single-mated. Our laboratory experiment in which we assigned newly mated queens to nests consisting of 1, 2, 3, or 5 queens (n = 95 ± 9 replicates) revealed that pleometrosis (queens founding their nest together) and diploid male larvae execution can compensate for diploid male load. The proportion of diploid male producing (DMP) colonies was 22.4%, and DMP colonies produced fewer pupae and adult workers than non-DMP colonies. Pleometrosis significantly increased colony size. Queens executed their diploid male larvae in 43.5% of the DMP colonies, and we hypothesize that cannibalism benefits incipient colonies because queens can redirect nutrients to worker brood. Pleometrosis and cannibalism of diploid male larvae represent strategies through which invasive ants can successfully establish despite high inbreeding.}, }
@article {pmid30871595, year = {2019}, author = {Kerkow, A and Wieland, R and Koban, MB and Hölker, F and Jeschke, JM and Werner, D and Kampen, H}, title = {What makes the Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus feel comfortable in Germany? A fuzzy modelling approach.}, journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {106}, doi = {10.1186/s13071-019-3368-0}, pmid = {30871595}, issn = {1756-3305}, support = {2819105315//Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft/ ; JE 288/9-2//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; }, mesh = {Aedes/*physiology ; Animal Distribution ; Animals ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Germany ; Introduced Species ; Logistic Models ; Machine Learning ; Mosquito Vectors/*physiology ; Wind ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus is an invasive species native to East Asia and has become established in North America and Europe. On both continents, the species has spread over wide areas. Since it is a potential vector of human and livestock pathogens, distribution and dissemination maps are urgently needed to implement targeted surveillance and control in case of disease outbreaks. Previous distribution models for Europe and Germany in particular focused on climate data. Until now, effects of other environmental variables such as land use and wind remained unconsidered.<br><br>RESULTS: In order to better explain the distribution pattern of Ae. j. japonicus in Germany at a regional level, we have developed a nested approach that allows for the combination of data derived from (i) a climate model based on a machine-learning approach; (ii) a landscape model developed by means of ecological expert knowledge; and (iii) wind speed data. The approach is based on the fuzzy modelling technique that enables to precisely define the interactions between the three factors and additionally considers uncertainties with regard to the acceptance of certain environmental conditions. The model combines different spatial resolutions of data for Germany and achieves a much higher degree of accuracy than previous published distribution models. Our results reveal that a well-suited landscape structure can even facilitate the occurrence of Ae. j. japonicus in a climatically unsuitable region. Vice versa, unsuitable land use types such as agricultural landscapes and coniferous forests reduce the occurrence probability in climatically suitable regions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The approach has significantly improved existing distribution models of Ae. j. japonicus for the area of Germany. We generated distribution maps with a resolution of 100 × 100 m that can serve as a basis for the design of control measures. All model input data and scripts are open source and freely available, so that the model can easily be applied to other countries or, more generally, to other species.}, }
@article {pmid30871592, year = {2019}, author = {Koban, MB and Kampen, H and Scheuch, DE and Frueh, L and Kuhlisch, C and Janssen, N and Steidle, JLM and Schaub, GA and Werner, D}, title = {The Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Europe, 17 years after its first detection, with a focus on monitoring methods.}, journal = {Parasites &amp; vectors}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {109}, doi = {10.1186/s13071-019-3349-3}, pmid = {30871592}, issn = {1756-3305}, support = {1362/1-982//Robert Koch Institute/ ; 2810HS022//German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL)/ ; 2819104115//German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL)/ ; 2819104615//German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL)/ ; }, mesh = {Aedes/classification/*physiology ; Animal Distribution ; Animals ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Europe/epidemiology ; Introduced Species ; }, abstract = {After the first detection of the Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus in the year 2000 in France, its invasive nature was revealed in 2008 in Switzerland and Germany. In the following years, accumulating reports have shown that Ae. j. japonicus succeeded in establishing in several European countries. Surveillance efforts suggest that there are currently four populations in Europe, with the largest one, formed by the recent fusion of several smaller populations, ranging from West Germany, with extensions to Luxembourg and French Alsace, southwards to Switzerland and continuing westwards through Liechtenstein to western Austria. This paper summarises the present distribution of Ae. j. japonicus in Europe, based on published literature and hitherto unpublished findings by the authors, and critically reviews the monitoring strategies applied. A proposal for a more standardised monitoring approach is provided, aiming at the harmonisation of future data collections for improving the comparability between studies and the suitability of collected data for further research purposes, e.g. predictive modelling approaches.}, }
@article {pmid30868165, year = {2019}, author = {Mandáková, T and Zozomová-Lihová, J and Kudoh, H and Zhao, Y and Lysak, MA and Marhold, K}, title = {The story of promiscuous crucifers: origin and genome evolution of an invasive species, Cardamine occulta (Brassicaceae), and its relatives.}, journal = {Annals of botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/aob/mcz019}, pmid = {30868165}, issn = {1095-8290}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cardamine occulta (Brassicaceae) is an octoploid weedy species (2n = 8x = 64) originated in Eastern Asia. It has been introduced to other continents including Europe and considered to be an invasive species. Despite its wide distribution, the polyploid origin of C. occulta remained unexplored. The feasibility of comparative chromosome painting (CCP) in crucifers allowed us to elucidate the origin and genome evolution in Cardamine species. We aimed to investigate the genome structure of C. occulta in comparison with its tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32, C. kokaiensis and C. scutata) and octoploid (2n = 8x = 64, C. dentipetala) relatives.<br><br>METHODS: Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and large-scale CCP were applied to uncover the parental genomes and chromosome composition of the investigated Cardamine species.<br><br>KEY RESULTS: All investigated species descended from a common ancestral Cardamine genome (n = 8), structurally resembling the Ancestral Crucifer Karyotype (n = 8), but differentiated by a translocation between chromosomes AK6 and AK8. Allotetraploid C. scutata originated by hybridization between two diploid species, C. parviflora and C. amara (2n = 2x = 16). By contrast, C. kokaiensis has an autotetraploid origin from a parental genome related to C. parviflora. Interestingly, octoploid C. occulta probably originated through hybridization between the tetraploids C. scutata and C. kokaiensis. The octoploid genome of C. dentipetala probably originated from C. scutata via autopolyploidization. Except for five species-specific centromere repositionings and one pericentric inversion post-dating the polyploidization events, the parental subgenomes remained stable in the tetra- and octoploids.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Comparative genome structure, origin and evolutionary history was reconstructed in C. occulta and related species. For the first time, whole-genome cytogenomic maps were established for octoploid plants. Post-polyploid evolution in Asian Cardamine polyploids has not been associated with descending dysploidy and intergenomic rearrangements. The combination of different parental (sub)genomes adapted to distinct habitats provides an evolutionary advantage to newly formed polyploids by occupying new ecological niches.}, }
@article {pmid30866822, year = {2019}, author = {Lee, Y and Schmidt, H and Collier, TC and Conner, WR and Hanemaaijer, MJ and Slatkin, M and Marshall, JM and Chiu, JC and Smartt, CT and Lanzaro, GC and Mulligan, FS and Cornel, AJ}, title = {Genome-wide divergence among invasive populations of Aedes aegypti in California.}, journal = {BMC genomics}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {204}, doi = {10.1186/s12864-019-5586-4}, pmid = {30866822}, issn = {1471-2164}, support = {U01CK000516//ACL HHS/United States ; HR0011-17-2-0047//Defense Sciences Office, DARPA/ ; 1U01CK000516//Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the summer of 2013, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus was first detected in three cities in central California (Clovis, Madera and Menlo Park). It has now been detected in multiple locations in central and southern CA as far south as San Diego and Imperial Counties. A number of published reports suggest that CA populations have been established from multiple independent introductions.<br><br>RESULTS: Here we report the first population genomics analyses of Ae. aegypti based on individual, field collected whole genome sequences. We analyzed 46 Ae. aegypti genomes to establish genetic relationships among populations from sites in California, Florida and South Africa. Based on 4.65 million high quality biallelic SNPs, we identified 3 major genetic clusters within California; one that includes all sample sites in the southern part of the state (South of Tehachapi mountain range) plus the town of Exeter in central California and two additional clusters in central California.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A lack of concordance between mitochondrial and nuclear genealogies suggests that the three founding populations were polymorphic for two main mitochondrial haplotypes prior to being introduced to California. One of these has been lost in the Clovis populations, possibly by a founder effect. Genome-wide comparisons indicate extensive differentiation between genetic clusters. Our observations support recent introductions of Ae. aegypti into California from multiple, genetically diverged source populations. Our data reveal signs of hybridization among diverged populations within CA. Genetic markers identified in this study will be of great value in pursuing classical population genetic studies which require larger sample sizes.}, }
@article {pmid30865637, year = {2019}, author = {Urquía, D and Gutierrez, B and Pozo, G and Pozo, MJ and Espín, A and Torres, ML}, title = {Psidium guajava in the Galapagos Islands: Population genetics and history of an invasive species.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {14}, number = {3}, pages = {e0203737}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0203737}, pmid = {30865637}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {The threat of invasive plant species in island populations prompts the need to better understand their population genetics and dynamics. In the Galapagos islands, this is exemplified by the introduced guava (Psidium guajava), considered one of the greatest threats to the local biodiversity due to its effective spread in the archipelago and its ability to outcompete endemic species. To better understand its history and genetics, we analyzed individuals from three inhabited islands in the Galapagos archipelago with 11 SSR markers. Our results reveal similar genetic diversity between islands, and the populations appear to be distinct: the islands of San Cristobal and Isabela are genetically different while the population of Santa Cruz is a mixture from both. Additional evidence for genetic bottlenecks and the inference of introduction events suggests an original introduction of the species in San Cristobal, from where it was later introduced to Isabela, and finally into Santa Cruz. Alternatively, a second introduction in Isabela might have occurred. These results are contrasted with the historical record, providing a first overview of the history of P. guajava in the Galapagos islands and its current population dynamics.}, }
@article {pmid30862749, year = {2019}, author = {Dale, AL and Feau, N and Everhart, SE and Dhillon, B and Wong, B and Sheppard, J and Bilodeau, GJ and Brar, A and Tabima, JF and Shen, D and Brasier, CM and Tyler, BM and Grünwald, NJ and Hamelin, RC}, title = {Mitotic Recombination and Rapid Genome Evolution in the Invasive Forest Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum.}, journal = {mBio}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1128/mBio.02452-18}, pmid = {30862749}, issn = {2150-7511}, abstract = {Invasive alien species often have reduced genetic diversity and must adapt to new environments. Given the success of many invasions, this is sometimes called the genetic paradox of invasion. Phytophthora ramorum is invasive, limited to asexual reproduction within four lineages, and presumed clonal. It is responsible for sudden oak death in the United States, sudden larch death in Europe, and ramorum blight in North America and Europe. We sequenced the genomes of 107 isolates to determine how this pathogen can overcome the invasion paradox. Mitotic recombination (MR) associated with transposons and low gene density has generated runs of homozygosity (ROH) affecting 2,698 genes, resulting in novel genotypic diversity within the lineages. One ROH enriched in effectors was fixed in the NA1 lineage. An independent ROH affected the same scaffold in the EU1 lineage, suggesting an MR hot spot and a selection target. Differences in host infection between EU1 isolates with and without the ROH suggest that they may differ in aggressiveness. Non-core regions (not shared by all lineages) had signatures of accelerated evolution and were enriched in putative pathogenicity genes and transposons. There was a striking pattern of gene loss, including all effectors, in the non-core EU2 genome. Positive selection was observed in 8.0% of RxLR and 18.8% of Crinkler effector genes compared with 0.9% of the core eukaryotic gene set. We conclude that the P. ramorum lineages are diverging via a rapidly evolving non-core genome and that the invasive asexual lineages are not clonal, but display genotypic diversity caused by MR.IMPORTANCE Alien species are often successful invaders in new environments, despite the introduction of a few isolates with a reduced genetic pool. This is called the genetic paradox of invasion. We found two mechanisms by which the invasive forest pathogen causing sudden oak and sudden larch death can evolve. Extensive mitotic recombination producing runs of homozygosity generates genotypic diversity even in the absence of sexual reproduction, and rapid turnover of genes in the non-core, or nonessential portion of genome not shared by all isolates, allows pathogenicity genes to evolve rapidly or be eliminated while retaining essential genes. Mitotic recombination events occur in genomic hot spots, resulting in similar ROH patterns in different isolates or groups; one ROH, independently generated in two different groups, was enriched in pathogenicity genes and may be a target for selection. This provides important insights into the evolution of invasive alien pathogens and their potential for adaptation and future persistence.}, }
@article {pmid30861108, year = {2019}, author = {Zhang, Y and Pennings, SC and Li, B and Wu, J}, title = {Biotic homogenization of wetland nematode communities by exotic Spartina alterniflora in China.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {100}, number = {4}, pages = {e02596}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2596}, pmid = {30861108}, issn = {1939-9170}, support = {2017YFC1200103//National Key R&amp;D Program of China/ ; 41630528//NSFC/ ; 41871035//NSFC/ ; OCE12-37140//U.S. National Science Foundation through the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long-Term Ecological Research program/ ; }, abstract = {Introduced species may homogenize biotic communities. Whether this homogenization can erase latitudinal patterns of species diversity and composition has not been well studied. We examined this by comparing nematode and microbial communities in stands of native Phragmites australis and exotic Spartina alterniflora in coastal wetlands across 18° of latitude in China. We found clear latitudinal clines in nematode diversity and functional composition, and in microbial composition, for soils collected from native P. australis. These latitudinal patterns were weak or absent for soils collected from nearby stands of the exotic S. alterniflora. Climatic and edaphic variables varied across latitude in similar ways in both community types. In P. australis there were strong correlations between community structure and environmental variables, whereas in S. alterniflora these correlations were weak. These results suggest that the invasion of S. alterniflora into the Chinese coastal wetlands has caused profound biotic homogenization of soil communities across latitude. We speculate that the variation in P. australis nematode and microbial communities across latitude is primarily driven by geographic variation in plant traits, but that such variation in plant traits is largely lacking for the recently introduced exotic S. alterniflora. These results indicate that widespread exotic species can homogenize nematode communities at large spatial scales.}, }
@article {pmid30858578, year = {2019}, author = {Wen, B}, title = {Seed germination ecology of Alexandra palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae) and its implication on invasiveness.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {4057}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-40733-0}, pmid = {30858578}, issn = {2045-2322}, support = {31170626//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; }, abstract = {Biological invasions are occurring worldwide, causing enormous economic and ecological damage. Early detection and prediction of invasiveness are the most effective measures to reduce its damage. The Alexandra palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae) is a prolific seeder and an alien species widely planted in tropical China. To help understand the invasion risks posed by this species, lab and field experiments on seed germination were conducted. Results show that the seeds only germinate within a temperature range of 20-30 °C and are sensitive to desiccation and high temperature, with seedling inhibition at 35 °C and -0.8 MPa. Complete viability loss was observed after desiccation to water content of 0.17-0.21 g/g or heat treatment for 30 minutes at 60 °C and above. However, appropriate habitats such as the rainforest understory, forest gaps, forest edges, and a rubber plantation are present in Xishuangbanna. Seeds are also frequently consumed by animals; therefore, there is a high potential for Alexandra palm to become an invasive species in Xishuangbanna. Currently, the main barrier to invasion in Xishuangbanna is likely to be the need for seed dispersal into suitable moist, partly shaded, habitats. Understanding the requirements for germination of the Alexandra palm can better inform management strategies for the control of this species.}, }
@article {pmid30858442, year = {2019}, author = {O'Loughlin, LS and Gooden, B and Foster, CN and MacGregor, CI and Catford, JA and Lindenmayer, DB}, title = {Invasive shrub re-establishment following management has contrasting effects on biodiversity.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {4083}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-40654-y}, pmid = {30858442}, issn = {2045-2322}, abstract = {Effective control of an invasive species is frequently used to infer positive outcomes for the broader ecosystem. In many situations, whether the removal of an invasive plant is of net benefit to biodiversity is poorly assessed. We undertook a 10-year study on the effects of invasive shrub management (bitou bush, Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata) on native flora and fauna in a eucalypt forest in south-eastern Australia. Bitou bush eradication is a management priority, yet the optimal control regime (combination of herbicide spray and fire) is difficult to implement, meaning managed sites have complex management histories that vary in effectiveness of control. Here we test the long-term response of common biodiversity indicators (species richness, abundance and diversity of native plants, birds, herpetofauna and small mammals) to both the management, and the post-management status of bitou bush (% cover). While average bitou bush cover decreased with management, bitou bush consistently occurred at around half of our managed sites despite control efforts. The relationship between biodiversity and bitou bush cover following management differed from positive, neutral or negative among species groups and indicators. Native plant cover was lower under higher levels of bitou bush cover, but the abundance of birds and small mammals were positively related to bitou bush cover. Evidence suggests that the successful control of an invader may not necessarily result in beneficial outcomes for all components of biodiversity.}, }
@article {pmid30854793, year = {2019}, author = {Bajwa, AA and Wang, H and Chauhan, BS and Adkins, SW}, title = {Effect of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on growth, productivity and glyphosate response of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.).}, journal = {Pest management science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ps.5403}, pmid = {30854793}, issn = {1526-4998}, support = {//Australian Government/ ; //The University of Queensland, Australia/ ; //Research Training Program/ ; //UQ Centennial Scholarships/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rise in atmospheric CO2 has huge impacts on the biology and management of invasive weed species such as Parthenium hysterophorus. This study evaluated the effect of ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (700 ppm) CO2 concentrations on P. hysterophorus growth, reproductive output and response to glyphosate applied at several doses including the recommended dose (800 g a.e. ha-1).<br><br>RESULTS: The plants in control treatment (no herbicide) grew taller (41%), produced a larger number of leaves (13%) and flowers (39%), and higher dry biomass (34%) at elevated CO2 as compared to the ambient CO2 . Glyphosate caused significant reduction in chlorophyll content of P. hysterophorus plants grown at both CO2 concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage herbicide injury was relatively less at elevated CO2 as compared to the ambient CO2 at 7 and 14 days after glyphosate application but it was almost similar at 21 days after application. This shows that elevated CO2 might have slowed the translocation of glyphosate initially, but most plants were killed eventually close to 21 days after application. The survival rate was higher under elevated as compared to the ambient CO2 at recommended and lower doses of glyphosate. There was a negligible difference between the two CO2 concentrations for the plant dry biomass reduction over the control treatment.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: P. hysterophorus growth and reproductive potential (indicated by number of flowers) improved significantly by CO2 enrichment but there was little effect on the overall efficacy of glyphosate applied to control this species. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.}, }
@article {pmid30854759, year = {2019}, author = {Venegas-Li, R and Levin, N and Morales-Barquero, L and Kaschner, K and Garilao, C and Kark, S}, title = {Global assessment of marine biodiversity potentially threatened by offshore hydrocarbon activities.}, journal = {Global change biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.14616}, pmid = {30854759}, issn = {1365-2486}, support = {//Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, Australian Research Council/ ; //Costa Rican Ministry of Science, Technology and Telecommunications/ ; Z 1.2-532 02//Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety/ ; /2015/7//Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety/ ; }, abstract = {Increasing global energy demands have led to the ongoing intensification of hydrocarbon extraction from marine areas. Hydrocarbon extractive activities pose threats to native marine biodiversity, such as noise, light, and chemical pollution, physical changes to the sea floor, invasive species, and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we assessed at a global scale the spatial overlap between offshore hydrocarbon activities and marine biodiversity (>25,000 species, nine major ecosystems, and marine protected areas), and quantify the changes over time. We discovered that two-thirds of global offshore hydrocarbon activities occur in areas within the top 10% for species richness, range rarity, and proportional range rarity values globally. Thus, while hydrocarbon activities are undertaken in less than one percent of the ocean's area, they overlap with approximately 85% of all assessed species. Of conservation concern, 4% of species with the largest proportion of their range overlapping hydrocarbon activities are range restricted, potentially increasing their vulnerability to localized threats such as oil spills. While hydrocarbon activities have extended to greater depths since the mid-1990s, we found that the largest overlap is with coastal ecosystems, particularly estuaries, saltmarshes and mangroves. Furthermore, in most countries where offshore hydrocarbon exploration licensing blocks have been delineated, they do not overlap with marine protected areas (MPAs). Although this is positive in principle, many countries have far more licensing block areas than protected areas, and in some instances, MPA coverage is minimal. These findings suggest the need for marine spatial prioritization to help limit future spatial overlap between marine conservation priorities and hydrocarbon activities. Such prioritization can be informed by the spatial and quantitative baseline information provided here. In increasingly shared seascapes, prioritizing management actions that set both conservation and development targets could help minimize further declines of biodiversity and environmental changes at a global scale.}, }
@article {pmid30854636, year = {2019}, author = {Mahon, MB and Crist, TO}, title = {Invasive earthworm and soil litter response to the experimental removal of white-tailed deer and an invasive shrub.}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e02688}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2688}, pmid = {30854636}, issn = {1939-9170}, support = {//Ohio Biological Survey/ ; //Miami University/ ; }, abstract = {Recent studies have shown that complex species interactions can regulate above- and belowground processes in terrestrial systems. Ungulate herbivory and invasive species are known to have strong effects on plant communities in some systems, but their impacts on soil biota and belowground processes are lesser known. Growing evidence suggests white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and invasive plants facilitate increased abundance of exotic earthworms in temperate forests of the eastern United States. We conducted an experimental study that manipulated deer access and the presence of an invasive understory shrub in an eastern deciduous forest of southwestern Ohio, USA, from 2013 to 2017. Earthworm density and biomass, and standing litter biomass were measured in five paired deer access and exclosure plots, each with a split-plot removal of Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). Earthworm density declined in response to the experimental exclusion of deer, with earthworm density decreasing over time in the deer exclosure plots relative to deer access plots. Deer exclusion produced greater variation in earthworm species composition relative to access plots. Multivariate analyses indicated that larger earthworms in the genus Lumbricus were associated with deer exclosure plots, while smaller endogeic species were ubiquitous in both treatments. Standing litter biomass decreased over time in the deer-access plots. In contrast, honeysuckle removal had little effect on earthworm density and standing litter biomass. There was an interaction between deer and honeysuckle treatments on earthworm biomass, with honeysuckle removal reducing earthworm biomass when deer were excluded. Our results demonstrate strong effects of herbivores on invasive earthworms and ecosystem processes, but indicate a weaker influence of invasive shrubs. Further, our findings suggest that the effects of deer overabundance in forest ecosystems are potentially reversible with long-term intervention.}, }
@article {pmid30852662, year = {2019}, author = {Magliozzi, L and Maselli, V and Almada, F and Di Cosmo, A and Mollo, E and Polese, G}, title = {Effect of the algal alkaloid caulerpin on neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in the central nervous system (CNS) of Diplodus sargus.}, journal = {Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00359-019-01322-8}, pmid = {30852662}, issn = {1432-1351}, support = {BIO/02LAU/2015/POR//Regione Campania/ ; UID/MAR/04292/2013//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; }, abstract = {Recent studies have suggested that Mediterranean indigenous fish species are affected by bioactive metabolites coming from marine invasive species via food web interactions. In particular, both physiological and behavioural changes in the white sea bream Diplodus sargus were related to caulerpin (CAU), a bisindolic alkaloid particularly abundant in the invasive alga Caulerpa cylindracea, on which the fish actively feed. Dietary administration of CAU decreased aggressiveness in D. sargus, suggesting an anxiolytic-like effect of CAU possibly mediated by endogenous anxiolytic agents. This hypothesis is supported here by the finding of a significant increase of NPY transcriptional expression in the brain of fish fed with CAU enriched food, shedding more light on the neural mechanisms behind the altered behaviour of D. sargus.}, }
@article {pmid30852410, year = {2019}, author = {Pais-Costa, AJ and Varó, I and Martinez-Haro, M and Vinagre, PA and Green, AJ and Hortas, F and Marques, JC and Sánchez, MI}, title = {Life history and physiological responses of native and invasive brine shrimps exposed to zinc.}, journal = {Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)}, volume = {210}, number = {}, pages = {148-157}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.023}, pmid = {30852410}, issn = {1879-1514}, abstract = {Although a substantial amount of research exists on pollution and biological invasions, there is a paucity of understanding of how both factors interact. Most studies show that pollution favours the establishment of invasive species, but pollution may also promote local adaptation of native species and prevent the establishment of new incomers. However, evidence for this is extremely limited because most studies focus on successful invasions and very few on cases where an invasion has been resisted. Here we provide evidence of local adaptation of native species to pollution combining life history and physiological data. We focused on the invasion of the North American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, which is causing a dramatic biodiversity loss in hypersaline ecosystems worldwide, and one of the last native Artemia populations in SW Europe (A. parthenogenetica from the historically polluted Odiel estuary, SW Spain). Life table response experiments were carried out in the laboratory to compare the demographic responses of A. parthenogenetica and a nearby A. franciscana population to long-term Zn exposure (0.2 mg L-1). We also evaluated oxidative stress by measuring antioxidant defences (catalase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). A high concentration of Zn induced strong mortality in A. franciscana, which also showed high levels of lipid peroxidation, suggesting relatively poor physiological resistance to pollution compared with A. parthenogenetica. The age at maturity was shorter in A. parthenogenetica, which may be an adaptation to the naturally high mortality rate observed in the Odiel population. Exposure to Zn accelerated age at first reproduction in A. franciscana but not in A. parthenogenetica. In contrast, Zn had a stimulatory effect on offspring production in A. parthenogenetica,which also showed higher reproductive parameters (number of broods, total offspring and offspring per brood) than A. franciscana. Overall, the results of this study strongly suggest that native Artemia from Odiel estuary is locally adapted (at both, reproductive and physiological levels) to Zn contamination and that A. franciscana is highly sensitive. This is a good example of how pollution may play a role in the persistence of the last native Artemia populations in the Mediterranean.}, }
@article {pmid30852404, year = {2019}, author = {Cheney, C and Esler, KJ and Foxcroft, LC and van Wilgen, NJ}, title = {Scenarios for the management of invasive Acacia species in a protected area: Implications of clearing efficacy.}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {238}, number = {}, pages = {274-282}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.112}, pmid = {30852404}, issn = {1095-8630}, abstract = {In many protected areas in South Africa, invasive Australian Acacia species pose on-going management challenges, perpetuating high long-term management costs. Due to limited availability of resources, conservation actions need to be prioritised within and across Protected Areas (PA). We draw on comprehensive datasets spanning over 20 years from the Table Mountain National Park to model long-term outcomes of clearing Acacia species at different levels of management clearing efficacy. We test a 50 year outlook based on current and 38 incremental levels of management efficacy, ranging from 5 to 100%, to assess under which scenarios a management goal of reducing Acacia density to below 1 plant per hectare for the 22,671 ha protected area is achieved. With the current clearing resources and maximum clearing efficacy (100% control), it would take between 32 and 42 years to attain the management goal. The modelling revealed two main drivers of Acacia persistence. Firstly, germination of seeds added to the seedbank from standing plants made a significantly larger contribution to future clearing requirements than fire stimulated seed germination or the existing (pre-management) seedbank. Secondly the relationship between the number of hectares and management units that could be treated and the efficacy of the treatment was non-linear. When clearing efficacy was decreased from 100% to the current project minimum target of 80% efficacy, the goal was not achieved in all areas, but the area that reached a density of <1 plant per hectare was significantly reduced to 53% of the PA for the simulated 50 years. Results emphasize the need to differentiate between increasing financial resources and increasing efficacy. While increasing financial resources allows for increased effort, this is of little value for Acacia management in the absence of an increase in clearing efficacy, as low quality implementation perpetuates the need for large budgets over time. Conversely, improving efficacy allows for decreased budget requirements over time, allowing fund re-direction to additional areas of alien species management such as the early detection and rapid control of newly introduced species.}, }
@article {pmid30851989, year = {2019}, author = {Hui, C and Richardson, DM}, title = {Network Invasion as an Open Dynamical System: Response to Rossberg and Barabás.}, journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2019.01.016}, pmid = {30851989}, issn = {1872-8383}, }
@article {pmid30850885, year = {2019}, author = {Richardson, KM and Iverson, JB and Kurle, CM}, title = {Marine subsidies likely cause gigantism of iguanas in the Bahamas.}, journal = {Oecologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00442-019-04366-4}, pmid = {30850885}, issn = {1432-1939}, abstract = {We utilized natural experiment opportunities presented by differential conditions (presence/absence of seabirds and invasive species) on cays in the Bahamas to study whether interisland variations in food resources contributed to gigantism in Allen Cays Rock Iguanas (Cyclura cychlura inornata). We analyzed the stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values from iguana tissues and resources from each island food web to test the predictions that (1) food webs on islands with seabirds exhibit the influence of marine subsidies from seabird guano, whereas those from non-seabird islands do not, and (2) size differences in iguanas among cays were due to either (a) supplemental food availability from mice and/or seabird carcasses killed by barn owls (Tyto alba) and/or (b) access to more nutrient-rich vegetation fertilized by seabird guano. Food web components from the seabird island (Allen Cay) had 5-9‰ higher δ15N values than those on the other cays and Allen Cay plants contained nearly two times more nitrogen. Bayesian stable isotope mixing models indicated that C3 plants dominated iguana diets on all islands and showed no evidence for consumption of mice or shearwaters. The iguanas on Allen Cay were ~ 2 times longer (48.3 ± 11.6 cm) and ~ 6 times heavier (5499 ± 2847 g) than iguanas on other cays and this was likely from marine-derived subsidies from seabird guano which caused an increase in nitrogen concentration in the plants and a resultant increase in the δ15N values across the entire food web relative to non-seabird islands.}, }
@article {pmid30850526, year = {2019}, author = {Alexander, JM and Levine, JM}, title = {Earlier phenology of a nonnative plant increases impacts on native competitors.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {116}, number = {13}, pages = {6199-6204}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1820569116}, pmid = {30850526}, issn = {1091-6490}, abstract = {Adaptation to climate is expected to increase the performance of invasive species and their community-level impacts. However, while the fitness gains from adaptation should, in general, promote invader competitive ability, empirical demonstrations of this prediction are scarce. Furthermore, climate adaptation, in the form of altered timing of life cycle transitions, should affect the phenological overlap between nonnative and native competitors, with potentially large, but poorly tested, impacts on native species persistence. We evaluated these predictions by growing native California grassland plants in competition with nonnative Lactuca serriola, a species that flowers earlier in parts of its nonnative range that are drier than its putative European source region. In common garden experiments in southern California with L. serriola populations differing in phenology, plants originating from arid climates bolted up to 48 d earlier than plants from more mesic climates, and selection favored early flowering, supporting an adaptive basis for the phenology cline. The per capita competitive effects of L. serriola from early flowering populations on five early flowering native species were greater than the effects of L. serriola from later flowering populations. Consequently, the ability of the native species to increase when rare in competition with L. serriola, as inferred from field-parameterized competition models, declined with earlier L. serriola phenology. Indeed, changes to L. serriola phenology affected whether or not one native species was predicted to persist in competition with L. serriola Our results suggest that evolution in response to new climatic conditions can have important consequences for species interactions, and enhance the impacts of biological invasions on natural communities.}, }
@article {pmid30849200, year = {2019}, author = {Sherpa, S and Blum, MGB and Capblancq, T and Cumer, T and Rioux, D and Després, L}, title = {Unraveling the invasion history of the Asian tiger mosquito in Europe.}, journal = {Molecular ecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/mec.15071}, pmid = {30849200}, issn = {1365-294X}, abstract = {Multiple introductions are key features for establishment and persistence of introduced species. However, little is known about the contribution of genetic admixture to the invasive potential of populations. To address this issue, we studied the recent invasion of the Asian tiger mosquito in Europe. Combining genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and historical knowledge using an approximate Bayesian computation framework, we reconstruct the colonization routes and establish the demographic dynamics of invasion. The colonization of Europe involved at least three independent introductions in Albania, North Italy and Central Italy that subsequently acted as dispersal centers throughout Europe. We show that the topology of human transportation networks shaped demographic histories with North Italy and Central Italy being the main dispersal centers in Europe. Introduction modalities conditioned the levels of genetic